Дисертації з теми "Sociologie de l’expertise internationale"
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Mangin, Maïlys. "La conversion de l'AIEA à la lutte contre la prolifération nucléaire : une internationalisation tactique des jeux gouvernementaux nord-américains, d'Atoms for peace aux sanctions contre les « Atomic ayatollahs »." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILD024.
This thesis analyzes the transformations of the IAEA's (International Atomic Energy Agency) nuclear non-proliferation missions and the uses to which they are put, from its creation during the Cold War to the Iranian nuclear crisis. It exposes the social foundations of a process of politicization of the IAEA, characterized by the intensification and conflictualization of exchanges of blows between the social actors and sectors that mobilize the institutional resources of this IO. Drawing on a variety of interviews and archives, the thesis sheds light on the constraints that this politicization context exerts on the perceptions and practices of actors both inside and outside the IAEA's institutional boundaries. The thesis first traces how the bipolar system, and then its collapse, influenced the way in which North American foreign policy actors addressed the problem of nuclear proliferation, and structured the ways in which the IAEA was mobilized in this respect. After having been a by-product of the United States' civilian nuclear export policy, the IAEA's non-proliferation activities were called into question as part of US struggles to restructure post-Cold War foreign policy in the Middle East. This thesis then analyzes how this politicization process, as a logic of situation, structures the way in which the IAEA's expertise is produced and mobilized in the context of the Iranian dossier. It shows that the IAEA's investigation in Iran, from 2003 onwards, is as much an autonomous technical process as a fuel for the competition to define (un)acceptable Iranian nuclear activities. In this respect, this thesis proposes an alternative to “circulatory” sociology, substituting the study of import-export logics between national spaces with that of tactical interdependence between social spaces with no geographical proximity. Going beyond the opposition between instrumental uses and legitimizing virtues of IOs, this approach helps to renew the analysis of the strategic uses of IOs and their effects
Violle, Alexandre. "Constituer un territoire de gouvernement pour la finance : enquête sur l’expertise de supervision au sein de l’Union bancaire européenne." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM043/document.
This research is focused on the Banking Union, the main reform of the European Union's institutions called for by the Heads of State and Government in response to the 2008 financial crisis. This reform entrusts the European Central Bank in particular with the task of supervising banks in the euro zone from November 2014. At the crossroads of a sociology of finance in discussion with a sociology of science and technology studies, and a political sociology, the thesis proposes to analyse new supervisory practices as a problem of government in the sense defined by Michel Foucault. The Banking Union is portrayed as an institutional arrangement, namely an assemblage of actors, auditing practices and control devices, at the heart of which a new form of intervention is invented. The purpose of this arrangement is to produce a centralized European expertise on a developing territory of government. In this territory, the problematization of good banking conduct aims at ensuring a sustainable future for investors' assets without acting on the financial flows in a constraining way. The supervisory authorities of the states involved in the arrangement are now in charge of applying the decisions made collectively in Frankfurt about banks still considered as national. Through this inquiry, the thesis contributes to contemporary debates on finance and on the European construction by enlightening the effects of public policies geared towards the issue of investment management in Europe. It especially improves our understanding of the reshaping of national sovereignties in banking policies, and shows that far from disappearing, those play a decisive role in the constitution of the territory studied. Developments are based on a qualitative inquiry, including an ethnography of the Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution (ACPR), an interview campaign and a documentary analysis
Lejbowicz, Agnès. "Logique internationale et logique étatique : l'impossible capture de l'humanité." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0313.
We cannot deplore the weakness of international law because it does not have the same coercive force to make itself respected as state law has. It is important to discover how it resists the logic of state and keeps the human community from being transformed into a single super-state. The logic of state as a logic of power is opposed to the logic of the international society as a logic of equality (equality of states, international organisations and human beings) and the logic of the dispersion of powers. The international society is an expanding civil society which counter-balances state logic. International law strengthens the legitimatization and sovereignty of states, of all states and, because of its basic principle, which is that of self-determination of nations, tends to increase their number rather than transforming the international scene into a single political scene. International logic does not erase in any way state logic, on the contrary it implies it and relies on it. It is the complement, the reverse, the fault, but also the virtue and the mirror of it. International law tells us what interest there is in keeping the multiple figure of states, for the division of land into territories permits the stabilization of populations, gives them an identity and organizes their wandering without preventing it however. So, international law, while defined as a logic contrary to the state logic, offers us a new understanding of democracy
Bonvin, Jean-Michel. "L'Organisation Internationale du Travail : entre philosophie et sociologie du droit." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040088.
The possibility of defining universal principles of justice is undoubtedly one of the most controversial themes of the contemporary thought. Authority arguments do not suffice any more in a democratic context and many authors consider relativism as the only legitimate solution. Other thinkers refuse this capitulation and try to demonstrate rationally the universality of the principles of justice. These two groups of theories (relativism and pure rationalism) are equally insufficient : on one side the stress is put on the irreducibility of the ideological conflict and the very possibility of defining universal principles is denied, on the other one the reality of the ideological antagonisms is put aside and the absolute supremacy of reason is strongly asserted. To appreciate the measure of validity of these conceptions and try to remedy their insufficiencies, it is necessary to leave the theoretical field and analyse an actual case. For this purpose, this study concentrates on the international labour organisation and strives to show the founding of the legitimacy of the norms elaborated in this institution. Far away from all the relativist capitulations and the abstract simplifications, it tries to assume the sociological complexity of the problem of justice
Alonso, Marquis Martine. "Sociologie de la reconnaissance internationale d'Etat : deux siècles d’évolutions et de transformations." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0035.
Each actor of a society develops strategies for approval and recognition from his peers. Depending on this level of approval, an actor deduces his role and place in society. This thesis sets out to answer a series of questions raised by the transposition of the important observation made above, an issue with global implications: recognition is an essential process for the stabilization of international relations, particularly with regard to its consequences. But unlike the analysis that have been made so far, it cannot only be considered in its political and legal dimension, that is to say, as something between law and state practice. We want to differentiate ourselves from the dichotomous view that has dominated so far the study of recognition. Recognition is a "total social fact" in the arena of international relations. Inspired by the sociological traditions of emile durkheim and norbert elias , this thesis attempts to demonstrate how developments and transformations in what we consider to be an "institution of recognition" reflects the overall changes in the area of international relations. Thus, our thesis attempts to deconstruct the recognition process to propose an alternative reading and a new, closer understanding of international social reality. Around the world, in an international system increasingly based on the interpenetration of societies, an important exhibition of expectations and demands for recognition are observed, they are sources of tension and conflict. Systemic changes in the last century are the cause of dissatisfaction among societies and stakeholders who are excluded from the international game. The denial of recognition can lead to profoundly negative consequences and therefore requires us to also take into account in our analysis the ethical dimensions of recognition
Demeslay, Julie. "Organiser la lutte antidopage à l’échelle internationale : une sociologie pragmatique d’un processus d’harmonisation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100135.
The motion carried from 1963, as the result of the Uriage-les-Bains conference, calls for some rules standardization concerning the fight against doping in sports. But starting in the 1990’s, situations and scandals have tended to increase, emphasizing the dysfunction of scattered international standards elaborated by representatives from local authorities on one side and from the olympic authorities on the other side. In 1999, almost forty years after the first conference on doping in sports, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is created, meaning to harmonize anti-doping policies and regulations among the great number of protagonists. This particular thesis aims precisely to describe and analyse who does what in this very task of harmonization and, from a sociologic perspective, to understand this particular social figure. It shows the necessity of stabilizing materials, devices and forms of partnerships with a minimum of reversibility and of offering some democratic approach which would allow to question previous choices and orientations. The creation of WADA, processing and updating of the World Anti-Doping Code, compliance of the partners of WADA and building of control and prevention instruments tend to show how the participants are trying to find an agreement combining axiological principles, devices and practices. Thus, entering through critics and arguments in history shows that harmonization is based on adjustment processes which rely on each and every one’s independence in its daily activities and on degrees of constraints inherent in the process of harmonization itself
Maisetti, Nicolas. "Marseille en Méditerranée : récit politique territorial et sociologie de l'action publique locale internationale." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010278.
Birgé, Robin. "La tragédie de l’expert ou “Langagement en science-friction” comme réponse à la déconstruction de l’autoritarisme et du relativisme de l’expertise scientifique par la sociologie dramaturgique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG002/document.
My research topics focus on the social responsability of researchers, their involvement and political engagement, all the way from the construction of knowledge to its formulation (research aesthetic) and dissemination.As I study others' engagement and their legitimation strategies, I also aim at formulating mine: a constructivism that holds itself accountable for its creations.This thesis discusses the role of experts in democracy; it is written in French. I highly doubt that I am able to summarize it in English, just as I doubt that exclusively English-speaking readers would be able to understand the manuscript in French
Sidani, Soraya. "De la déviance en relations internationales : les États en marge du système onusien : entre contraintes d'intégration et stratégies de puissance." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0009.
What kinds of States remain outside of international treaties? Do they present the same features? Otherwise what incentives keep States out of international norms? Since that ratification corresponds to an entirely voluntary act and that only States sharing the same goals are parties to a treaty, little attention has been paid to this specific aspect of international cooperation. Yet, the utilitarian argument is no longer sufficient to explain states’ decision to not ratify international conventions. Indeed, dynamics at play at the international level display an evolution of the inter-State system toward a global system in relation to the United Nations. In fact, this integration process creates the conditions of exclusion of States which stay at the periphery of these emerging trends. In this thesis, I focus on the conditions for States’ participation to multilateral treaties and I argue that multilateral cooperation involve a certain degree of integration at the international level whereas non cooperation appears to be part of a strategy of domination
N'Dione, Mbinky Madeleine. "L'asymétrie des échanges interculturels : sociologie des relations partenariales d'ONG et d'EBS de solidarité internationale franco-sénégalais." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0092.
This research work focuses on the asymmetry of the intercultural exchanges within the partner relationships between the North and the South organizations. We particularly put emphasis on partner relationships between nongovernmental organizations and companies with a socio-economic vocation in France and in Senegal.The analysis of these partner relationships is done at three levels: on the partner, his logic and the cooperation situations. This relies on theoretical and conceptual models such as Weber’s (Weber M., 1964) comprehensive approach that emphasizes on rational actions, Boltanski’s, (Boltanski, 1990) normative action analysis model, Mauss’ (Mauss, 2007) reciprocal donation model, Joas’s (Joas H. , 1999) critical theory that highlights the creative nature that human actions have and Remy’s (Remy, 2005/1) social transaction theory. Partner relationships are then part of what could be tackled as a double issue of socio-historical transaction both structural and organisational. In fact, today’s partnerships between organizations are part of a much more global change taking into account the evolution of a permanently changing world. It thus arises on an evolution process of France-Senegal relationships. The analysis of new relationships and other partnership alternatives suggests a sociology of partner relationships that questions the today’s cooperation discourses and practices concerning structured and semi-structured intercultural exchanges. The analysis that we propose makes it possible to answer the following question: Do these relations follow a common sense of domination, reciprocity, fraternalism (Césaire, 1956) or asymmetry ?
Bustamante, Fajardo Luis Mauricio. "L’UNESCO et la culture : construction d’une catégorie d’intervention internationale, du « développement culturel » à la « diversité culturelle »." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0130.
The objective of the thesis is to contribute to the study of the constitution of culture as a category of international intervention. UNESCO is the field where we observe this process during the period of 1966-2005. Through many types of sources and methods (archival analysis, statistical analysis, interviews, participant observation), the thesis retraces social genesis, the conditions of possibility and the issues which structure the international stage of debates on culture and cultural goods. By the 1960s, the “cultural development” is imposed as a doctrine which legitimize the actions of the state in the cultural sector. Debates continue in the following decades and focus on the delineation of areas of intervention, as well as on the degree of participation of the public authorities and the market as the facilitator of the production and mediator in the circulation of cultural goods. In this process appears a competitive space where international actors with different statuses (politicians, diplomats, international civil servants, researchers, academics, artists, etc. ) interact to define a legitimate conception of culture and cultural forms of action. The principle of “cultural diversity” is the latest manifestation of these international struggles, it aims to ensure the autonomy of national cultural production in the face of the uneven internationalization of markets. It is part of the continuous international debates which never cease to be reactivated for more than half a century. This thesis would like to contribute to the reflection on the process of creation, circulation and legitimization of new categories of action when thinking about culture
Balas, Marie. "Sant'Egidio, de la protestation militante à la médiation internationale : sociologie d'un acteur émergent de la diplomatie informelle." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0029.
A Catholic lay organization, the Community of Sant'Egidio was founded in Rome during the 1968 student movement and popular protest. Initiating a series of charitable programms, the group aimed at renewing the forms and the norms of ecclesial presence in secularized society. Today the community is established in some seventy countries and gathers around 30 000 active members. Along with charitable activities, Sant'Egidio has progressively widened its spectrum of activities, running humanitarian programs and international advocacy campaigns. Above all, it has grown into a major protagonist in what is usually referred to as « non-governmental diplomacy » : its key-participation to the Mozambique peace process, from 1989 to 1992, has been followed by more than forty interventions into intrastate conflicts. Vatican, to some extent, is backing the roman group. Overall, public authorities provide around 70% of its 3 millions euros budget. From an organisational point of view, Sant'Egidio relies on a tension that make it a « boundary-object » (Star and Griesemer) : while the programs' pattern is spectularly rhizomatic and publicized, the group proves hierarchized and confidentials as well as self-referent and messianic. Ethnographic and socio-historical, the research explores the political (and politico-religious) commitments of Sant'Egidio and tries to enlighten it studying its internal organization and non-official story
Ghesquiere, François. "Inégalités salariales dans les pays européens: concepts, mesures et niveaux d'analyse." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/220162.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Waizer, Stefan. "Institutionnalisation d’un rôle politique au sein de la diplomatie internationale. L’ascension du Haut représentant de l’UE dans le dossier nucléaire iranien (2003-2015)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/277396.
This thesis analyses the institutionalisation of the EU High Representative in the negotiations on Iran's nuclear programme between 2003 and 2015. Although initially the role of the High Representative in the Iranian dossier was codified in the European treaties, from 2006 onwards, it was notably the UN Security Council resolutions that defined it. Thus mandated by two distinct groups of actors - the EU's institutional actors and the six powers involved in the negotiations with Iran - the EU's chief diplomat is led to assume two contradictory roles, that of the EU High Representative and that of the E3+3 High Representative.By combining sociology of the EU with sociology of IR, this thesis examines the dynamics that led the High Representative to be recognised as legitimate by all those involved in the configuration of the Iranian nuclear dossier. Based on this guiding question, this work proposes an analytical framework for studying the institutionalisation of Europe's foreign policy.The literature on the institutionalisation of common external action is divided between work that looks at the interactions between European actors, on the one hand, and work that studies the institutionalisation of the EU on the international scene, on the other. Thus this bifurcation in the scholarly literature precludes a vision of European integration as the product of the tangle of global and European dynamics. This thesis overcomes this divide in that it puts the internal and external dimensions of the institutionalisation of the EU at the heart of the analysis. Based on the hypothesis of the differentiation of social spaces, I will take into account the distinct logics structuring the global arena of nuclear negotiation and the arena of the CFSP, while apprehending them as entangled arenas. The empirical survey, which is based on interviews and archives, highlights that the High Representative is becoming more autonomous from his obligations as EU High Representative to assume the role of High Representative of the E3+3. Moreover, the institutionalisation of these roles is the product of a multitude of individual interactions within and at the intersection of European and global social spaces.Based on an analysis of the construction of the role of the High Representative in the nuclear dossier and drawing inspiration from the sociology of Michel Dobry, this work makes it possible to conceive the variation of the influence of various social spaces on the institutionalisation of common external action. Rather than focusing on the analysis of one dimension over the other, it is necessary to grasp the trajectory of their relationship in order to grasp the random nature of the construction of Europe's foreign policy in all its complexity. Beyond this, the case study questions the idea of the institutionalisation of the EU as an integration process. Indeed, the EU's inclusion in the global space of international diplomacy allows us to see that it is also a dynamic of empowerment, differentiation and exclusion.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Gayon, Vincent. "L'OCDE au travail : contribution à une sociologie historique de la "coopération économique internationale" sur le chômage et l'emploi (1970-2010)." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090024.
Jozan, Raphaël. "Les débordements de la mer d'Aral : qu'apporte la sociologie de l'acteur-réseau à la sociologie du développement ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1108.
What can bring the Actor-Network Sociology to the Development Sociology ? Since the breakdown of the Soviet Union and the political disintegration of the Aral Sea basin into five independent republics, Central Asia is witnessing a "water war". The republics have difficulties in finding an agreement for sharing the water resources, while international cooperation has many times demonstrated an optimum by producing hydro-economic models.This thesis analyses the history of the water conflict in Central Asia and shows how the experts’ calculation devices contribute to perform the “water war”. The research chases the water flowing in the production field, in the administrative statistics and in the work of international experts. It focuses on technical devices and demonstrates how the Development Sociology gets enriched by the Actor-Network Sociology
Minteu, Kadjé Danielle. "L'action publique internationale du codéveloppement Trajectoires franco-malienne et franco-sénégalaise." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00564372.
Breda, Giulia. "(Co) Développement et gestion internationale des migrations : contrôler le savoir pour savoir contrôler." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2022.
This thesis questions the construction of international organizations’ discourse on the migration and development nexus (M&D). The research questions stem from the observed distance between the political discourse advocating temporary migration as a "triple-win" model and the realities of exploitation and precariousness involved in foreign seasonal labor. These initial observations are based on fieldwork on the migratory experiences of seasonal workers from North Africa, conducted in the Bouches-du-Rhône region and in their country of origin (2012-2016).The first phase of the study uses a diachronic approach to the evolving understanding of the M&D nexus since the post-war period. This shows the influence of the ideological and geopolitical context on the institutional trajectory of specific scientific currents that have shaped the interpretation and production of "knowledge" on co-development.The principal phase of the study focuses on power relations and the role of different types of knowledge (scientific, "local" and institutional) in the construction of a global approach to the international management of migration. A six-month participant observation was conducted in an international organization through an internship in a program on co-development. The main objective of the latter is to provide policy makers in the "South" with knowledge to "better" manage migration. This knowledge is codified as "knowledge products" through a "knowledge management" strategy and displayed as "evidence" from M&D projects. The field data was analyzed, on the one hand, from an extensive approach to see how the position of actors involved in the field of international development (international organizations, national governments, local authorities, local "civil society", migrant associations, researchers) constrains and influences their strategies in the process of knowledge production and mobilization. On the other hand, a more intensive approach allowed to describe the finer dynamics in the interactions between different actors and their effect on how knowledge is translated and shared, and how “good practices” are disseminated.In the end, the thesis shows the consequences of the technification of the discourse and M&D actions. While inserting themselves, as mediators, into unequal relations between "southern" and "northern" countries, international organizations must adapt to the challenges of the field of development by adopting a strategy of depoliticization. This involves the construction of expertise that is legitimized by local actors from the South using instruments designed for the co-construction of knowledge. The latter nevertheless reproduce biases in the problematization of the issues addressed due to the unequal relations of power between the actors involved.In the end, the thesis shows the consequences of the technification of the discourse and actions for co-development. While inserting themselves, as mediators, into unequal relations between "southern" and "northern" countries, international organizations must adapt to the challenges of the field of development by adopting a strategy of depoliticization. This involves the construction of expertise that is legitimized by local actors from the South using instruments designed for the co-construction of knowledge. The latter nevertheless reproduce biases in the problematization of the issues addressed due to the unequal relations of power between the actors involved
Tossavi, Théophile. "Les ONG locales dans l'espace public international : une sociologie de l'engagement "non-gouvernemental" et de ses critiques au Bénin." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0087.
The objective of this work is to rehabilitate, from the example of the local NGO, the coalitions of interests as one of the main modes of political mediation in Benin. The fertility of a socio-historic approach allowed to understand how and through which practices and which symbolism the local NGO of Benin constituted is not homogeneous social group. This first part is followed by analyses which show haw and why none of the spheres of legitimization of the non-governmental action is enough for her only to govern the complex coordinations which demand the new modes of organization of the Beninese society. Such a step allowed to clarify the constituents of the social relationships which could lead to diversify the public authorities to succeed in encircling the stakes in the decentralization of the power and the political pluralism which take shape in the socio-politic Beninese landscape. In this perspective, the organizational model in network is proposed as carrier of a scientific and empirical revival which allows to think of the structuralization of the political link within the framework of the local geopolitics of the international assistance and the role of the local NGO
Rosenbaum, Laura. "La condition internationale des architectes : le monde en référence : représentations, pratiques et parcours." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0605/document.
In France, architects form a unique profession with a strong professional identity. Numerousresearch projects have reported changes, developments and adaptations to regularly renewedcontexts of intervention. Beyond the environmental or digital revolution, design processes involvinglocal populations, and more restrictive economic and regulatory conditions, one of the majorphenomena of the last two decades is the internationalization of training courses and professionalpractices. Although historically a majority of the French architects practice where they have beentrained, since the 1980s a growing number of them have been working outside the borders(expatriation, export, partnerships). While the profession was conceived within the framework of theNation, the international condition becomes more frequent. The thesis shows that a "methodologicalnationalism" does not correspond to the reality of practices and representations that go beyondnational territories.The sociology of professions, articulated to works of the sociology of the international, offers newinterpretative frameworks of the practices of architects. They show that the international conditionis an integral part of the training and has effects on the careers: the more students gain internationalexperience, the more they practice abroad. This development becomes the basis of a professionalsegmentation: alter-architects, humanitarian and institutional architects, entrepreneurs and iconsorganize their practices and cultivate the value of their profession in the world. Similarly, the analysisof profiles, in the form of portraits, shows the processes of socialization: the insiders favorable to theinternational cause; the universalists whose values are expressed on this scale; the strategists whoorganize their professional biography abroad; the «bivalents » who alternate local and internationalwork. The internationalization of a part of the graduates does not profoundly transform thecollective identity of the group, but expresses a real renewal, too often underestimated, of actionmechanisms and professional cultures. The research combines qualitative and quantitativeapproaches and several sources: a questionnaire (1698 responses), semi-directive interviews (77), insitu observations, case studies, and a literature review. The results show the transition from atraditional national to an international professional model. Finally, more than in a globalization ofexchanges, the practices of architects are structured between the national and international scales ofaction. An openness to the world that is likely to increase
Brun, Éric. "Guy Debord et l'Internationale situationniste : sociologie d'une avant-garde « totale »." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0076.
At the crossing of the intellectual's sociology, political sociology and the sociology of artistic movements, this PhD dissertation analyzes the evolution of a group named "Situationist International" (S. I. ) and of its leader, Guy Debord (1931-1994). It was founded in 1957 from the merging of some small groups of "avant-garde" artists, it became a "revolutionnary" political movement during the 1960s. The core of this dissertation is to understand this "reconversion" by studying the social properties, the positions and the stands taken by the situationnists, such a reconversion, wich can also be considered as the decompartmentalization of the different social sectors of activity, is an opportunity to test a new object of the concept of field forged by Pierre Bourdieu. It also sheds a new light on the relationships artists and intellectuals maintain with politics. In keeping with its work on redefining the conceptions of creation and selflessness, the S. I. Is led to take some distance from the artistic field. Its reconversion into "revolutionary" activism is also related to the issues at stake for literary and artistic field. Its reconversion into "revolutionnary" activism is also related to the issues at stake for litterary and artistic avant-gardes in the 1950s. As well as to a transformation of the space of political possibles at the beginning of the 1960s. Lastly, it brings out internal struggles within the movement, the study of wich reveals the mechanisms that control the forming of avant-garde groups as well as the obstacles to the their becoming international
El, Mossadak Ahmed. "Terrorisme et sociologie politique de l'International." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030097.
Terrorism has become an illness of the modern World-System. How to rethink the act of terrorism has become an urgent question because it seems that the non understanding is dominant if not triumphant. Thus the necessity to see the terrorist act "included and overcame rather than felt with fantasy". The American policy has remobilized the world around the security objectives to intervene in the international policy. American security policies, based on the reinforcement of exceptional juridical legislation on global techniques of surveillance and on the military mobilization, have led to public liberties, with unprecedented tutoring (USA Patriot Act, Project Patriot Act, Homeland of security, National Strategy of Security) and the establishment of a real international exception state. Refractory to the American antiterrorist logic "war against terrorism", the European Union members have claimed before to be their allies: "we will fight terrorism by the law and in the frame of law". This logic has quickly made the allies adopt the American model. In reality, it is the Arab World that has suffered the consequences of terrorism. The events of the September 11, 2001 have thrown projectors on Islam as a source of terrorism although the Arabs and Muslims were the first targets of Islamic terrorism, and the first to suffer the consequences. One of the effects of this situation is the mitigated and ambiguous reaction of the Arab and Muslim opinions about the September attack. It is in this context that most of the ArabWorld has been inscribed in "War against terrorism" without almost any motivation but with a lot of hesitation because of the pressure made by the international coalition and especially the American one. Indeed to side this position presupposes a recurrent reality in the Arabs political and strategic choices. The choice of "immobilism" of the "statuquo" and "the absence of the initiative" answers to constraints to be at the same time a target and at the center of the "war against terrorism"
Dziatzko, Nina. "Enjeux de la coopération internationale dans les multinationales de l'industrie automobile : L'exemple d'équipes multiculturelles du BMW group." Thesis, Littoral, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DUNK0504.
The globalisation and the quest for diversity within multinational firms confront them to a big challenge : to provide a frame in order to develop talents from all over the world. The internationalisation has a big impact, especially, on the automotive sector. It is still very present on the domestic market, but also dependent on the foreign market – regarding costs of production, customers and suppliers. This makes it a fascinating field of study regarding work within multicultural teams. The profession and education as engineer, very important in technical domains, are also analysed from a cultural point of view. To illustrate our purpose we will use the example of the BMW Group. We are particularly interested in five dimensions of the work within multicultural teams. The first one is the motivation, the second one the integration of the team members. Then, we look at which competencies a team leader needs in order to manage this team. Finally, the communication and especially the use of the language are analysed. Thelanguage plays a particuliar role for this cotutelle. On the one hand, the theoretical work tries to describe the related French, German and English work. On the other hand, the applied work is also done in French, German and English regarding the languages used by the team in its daily work. The empirical study aims to share the experience of multicultural teams within thegroup. This helps to identify the status quo of their working conditions and to deduce advice for other teams within the organisation in the future
Bosselut, Clémence. "Ce que partir veut dire : la transformation identitaire des volontaires de solidarité internationale." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0066.
Which role does the experience of an international volunteer service play in the biographical itinerary and narrative --"l identity of the young adult leaving? The researcher followed a group of volunteers deployed by the French organisation Délégation Catholique pour la Coopération in "real-time", closely combining participatory observation, interviews and questionnaires. Within the career of a volunteer the analysis specifies various factors impacting the transformation of identity: a feeling of coherence between the original socialization and the objectives of the organisation; an association encouraging the individual appropriation of the institutional demands and that is refraining from a technical approach towards development; a commitment assuring the fidelity to oneself's identity and thus allowing changes; finally, a temporal and local frame encouraging experiments, symbolic interpretation and a double change of perspective (discovering the other/observation by the other). The research shows that each individual integrates the own experience in the proper narrative identity depending on how this person is relating to the current linear model of becoming an adult in France. Three types were initially theoretically elaborated and subsequently empirically verified. The volunteer service may be a symbolic experience, an initial transition towards the adult age. It can also be interpreted as a liberating experience serving as a moratorium of becoming adult resulting in either a furcation in the biographical itinerary or the acceptance of the state of adulthood. Finally, it can be lived as a singular experience marking the biographical itinerary in a controlled way
Macedo, Fabio. "Choisir les enfants : nationalité, race et « qualité » dans l’histoire globale de l’adoption internationale (1830-1980)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0076.
This work analyzes both the familialist and reproductivist turns taken by international adoption practices of orphaned and abandoned children on a global scale between the 1830s and the 1980s. This archival research aims to understand the public and private policies that shaped the adoption of foreign children in the 19th and 20th centuries, covering the geographies of France, the United States, Switzerland, South Korea, Colombia and Brazil, along with a number of transnational organizations and NGOs. The objective is to identify the underlying familial and reproductive issues, as well as to reconstruct how adoption became internationalized and globalized. The question of the surrogate family is at the heart of all adoption measures developed, from the foster family, from which an emotional investment towards the orphaned or abandoned child is expected, to the infertile family whose desire for reproduction includes only those family-less children who come with quality guarantees, that is, legal, health, phenotypic, eugenic, racial, geographical or class conditions for adoption acceptance. As adoption becomes over time a reproductive technique with a familialist background, choosing the adoptive child becomes not only an obvious choice but also the ultimate goal of the normalization of the contemporary international child adoption. The thesis shows how international adoption is shaped by adopters, by public and private intermediaries, and by national and international administrating organizations. This research is part of an approach that combines the methodological achievements of longue durée, micro-history and connected history with the questions raised by the social and political history of populations as well as biopolitical considerations. This work documents a century and a half’s history of the international adoption of children. Our analysis reveals approaches to adoption and to foreign children – migrants, refugees or “Third World” children – that change the standards and adoptive practices of their time. The sources mobilized come from public and private organizations of varying size and country of origin. These organizations act directly or indirectly as intermediaries of the adoptive act, which may be local, national or transnational in nature
A presente tese analisa a virada familista e reproducionista na prática na adoção internacional de crianças órfãs e abandonadas em escala global entre as décadas de 1830 e 1980. Um trabalho de pesquisa em arquivos tratando especialmente da França, dos Estados Unidos, da Suíça, da Coreia do Sul, da Colômbia e do Brasil, bem como de organizações e ONGs transnacionais, e que visa compreender as políticas públicas e privadas que moldaram a filiação adotiva das crianças de nacionalidade estrangeira nos séculos XIX e XX. O objetivo é de apreender as questões familistas e reproducionistas subjacentes à transformação das práticas adotivas, e de reconstituir os processos de internacionalização e globalização, acompanhando-as. A questão da família de substituição é crucial em todos os dispositivos adotivos desenvolvidos desde então: da família de criação, da qual é esperada um investimento afetivo frente à criança órfã ou abandonada; à família infecunda, da qual o desejo de reprodução diz respeito não ao conjunto de crianças sem família, mas unicamente àquelas capazes de oferecer-lhe garantias de qualidade, sejam elas de cunho jurídico, sanitário, fenotípico, eugênico, racial, geográfico ou de classe. Se a adoção se transforma ao longo do tempo em uma técnica reprodutiva de fundo familista, escolher a criança adotiva se torna não somente uma evidência, mas também o objetivo maior da normalização do fenômeno adotivo infantil internacional e contemporâneo. A tese mostra como a adoção internacional é moldada tanto pelas famílias adotivas quanto pelos intermediários públicos e privados e as administrações nacionais e internacionais. Essa pesquisa se inscreve numa abordagem em que se alia as competências metodológicas da longa duração, da micro-história e da história conectada às interrogações da história social e política das populações e de sua vertente biopolítica. Trata-se assim de contribuir à história da adoção de crianças estrangeiras órfãs e abandonadas, aplicando tal abordagem a um período longo. As fontes mobilizadas, oriundas de organismos públicos e privados de diferentes tamanhos e países, agindo diretamente ou indiretamente em relação aos intermediários da questão adotiva – cuja ação pode ser local, nacional ou transnacional – revelam, no tocante à adoção e às crianças estrangeiras – migrantes, refugiadas ou do “Terceiro Mundo” –, abordagens que buscam se ajustar às normas e às práticas adotivas de seu tempo
Colombi, Denis. "Les usages de la mondialisation : mobilité internationale et marchés du travail en France." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0048/document.
Since the 1980's, international mobility appears to be a significant tendency on french labor markets. At some time in their careers, more and more people become “expatriates”. In addition, the injunction to be “international” grow stronger in Higher Education, among labor markets and within a firm. In this dissertation, we study careers of highly qualified and qualified French migrants also known as “expatriates” in order to understand globalization and its effects on labor markets. These qualified migrants live between globalization’s elites and non-qualified migrants and assign value to what they call themselves “international”. By the means of biographical interviews and sequence data stemming from the Histoire de vie 2003 survey (Insee) and the Trajectoires et Origines 2008 survey, we argue that international mobility is a national phenomenon. People do not run away from France but are asked to become “international” by the labor markets’ rules, and, even when they are abroad, a lot of them still have “national careers”. “International careers” are better understood as a product of domestic labor markets transformations. Indeed, it is a way for some domestic actors to achieve domestic objectives: workers who want a (better) job, professionals who are seeking a juridiction, middle classes in struggle with upper classes. Thereby this dissertation is a contribution to the sociological analysis of careers, markets and social classes
Godin, Julie. "Initiatives populaires de solidarité internationale, des « bonnes intentions » au « professionnalisme » ? : sociologie d’un groupe professionnel à l’aune du sentiment de légitimité, dans une perspective comparative Belgique / France." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D094.
Alongside established, high-profile non-governmental organisations (NGOs), many individuals decide that they need to "do something" to improve the lives of the people they have met (while travelling, living in another country or adopting a child, etc.). These people join forces with a small group of friends to set up their own development organisations (referred, to hereafter as "popular development initiatives", or PDIs). At present, one of the major concerns in international development cooperation is to make development workers more professional in the interest of better aid effectiveness. This thesis therefore looks at the discourses and practices of these "ordinary" citizens, in order to highlight their role and to identify key issues for this sector. More specifically, we study the dialectic process by which NGO staff and PDI volunteers build and define their professional and amateur legitimacy as development actors, through the prism of the interactionist perspective of the sociology of professional groups. We also draw on the sociology of public action to consider how public authorities, through their policy tools, influence the responsibility and legitimacy of these actors, the interactions between them, and their mutual recognition. The need for professionalism also stems from demands by local partners in the developing world, so we have taken an interest in their perceptions in the case of Senegal
Iori, Ruggero. "À l’école du travail social. Une sociologie comparée des formations d’assistantes sociales en France et en Italie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV028.
The goal of this dissertation is to question the social origins of social service assistants (or social workers) in France and Italy. Based on a cross-national comparative design focusing on social workers’ training trajectories, this research combines approaches from the sociology of higher education, sociology of professions and theories of socialization. While social workers’ curricula in the two countries vary across forms of “pre-service”, “in-service”, vocational as well as university training, they generally stem from the tension existing between academic and professional educational systems. This study addresses this tension, focusing on the interplay between students’ social background and the logics of education in social assistance. The research design combines qualitative and quantitative methods, including face-to-face interviews, questionnaires and ethnographic observation at four educational institutions. By comparing the configuration of the disciplinary field in the two countries, and by following students longitudinally from entry to graduation, hence, this study aims to shed light on the process of socialization in social work education.The first section offers a social history of training in social service, investigating the background of the different types of curricula in the two national contexts. While social work training in France generally takes place outside of the high education system, in Italy it was ultimately integrated in the university field throughout the 1990s and 2000s. Exploring the more or less successful process of institutionalization of this specific form of training, allows elaborating on the academization of the social service sector in light of the progressive professionalization of higher education. The second section focuses on aspirations and orientations among social service students. By classifying students’ choices hierarchically in the two national higher education sectors, we identify three main types of orientation, which have to do with a student’s educational trajectory, their class membership, as well as her preferred justification.Based on a statistical typology of students’ life stories, we illustrate the social and academic background, as well as the individual and collective conditions, in which students embarking in this type of education are embedded. The comparative, cross-sectional analysis of ten individual trajectories, in fact, shows that while some students display socio-academic continuity, others experience professional readjustment or even social reorientation.The third section addresses selection mechanisms at entry and throughout the educative path in the two countries, while also focusing on the content and skills within the curricula of the four training institutes under study. It shows that, albeit often claiming otherwise, institutes do not select students based on their school background (previous school experience), but rather target candidates with specific profiles stemming from distinctive social origins and experiences. While institutes belonging to the school cluster target primarily students of working class background in line with the tradition of school institutions, those of the professional cluster target specific interactional predispositions as well as adaptability to professional conditions, which are more frequent among students that are better off in terms of cultural capital. Furthermore, all institutes put forth a progressive selection, as not all of the students ultimately get a diploma. Learning social work takes place at the crossroads between social docility and adaptability to the job market, which implies adjustments, resistances and re-appropriations of the singular ethos of a professional space in constant redefinition
Dugonjić, Leonora. "Les IB Schools, une internationale élitiste : émergence d’un espace mondial d’enseignement secondaire au XXe siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0102.
IB Schools, an Elitist International. The Emergence of a Global Space of Secondary Education in the 20th Century. This thesis contributes to the historical sociology of political Internationalism through a study of educational institutions. Drawing on the method of multiple correspondence analysis, it explores the paradox of affirming an "international" identity through an essentialists conception of the nation as embodied in the sub-field of IB Schools, a global space of secondary education. The socio-genesis of this sub-field focuses on the construction of an educational curriculum inspired by the Internationalist doctrine of the League of Nations (1924-1930 and 1945-1947), which led to an international secondary diploma, the International Baccalaureate (1968). The founders of this private diploma sought to unify a global space for the training of leaders, through a preparatory program for higher education, notably World Literature and World History. Created by an elitist international and founded on the belief that educating elites along the lines of an "international mentality" would make a "better" world, this diploma Is provided today in over 3000 secondary schools and 124 countries and presented as an alternative to "national" programs, thereby challenging State monopolies
Maa, Anissa. ""Signer la déportation". Violence, intermédiation et agencéité migrante dans les retours volontaires depuis le Maroc." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/312532/4/THESEMaa.pdf.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Leterme, Cédric. "Hégémonie et recontextualisation discursives du néolibéralisme :Analyse lexicométrique de 40 ans de rapports annuels de l’OCDE, de la Banque mondiale et de l’OIT." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/244588.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Vanel, Julia. "De l'éducation sanitaire à la promotion de la santé : Enjeux et organisation des savoirs au coeur de l'action publique sanitaire (internationale)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV033/document.
This doctoral thesis is an intellectual contribution to the analysis of the unquestionable, process of internationalization of public health policies. Starting from a precise and even narrow point—the transition from “health education” to “health promotion” in the discourses and practices put forward by the World Health Organization (WHO)—we retrace the historical and political representations that shape public health-related policies at the international level. This interdisciplinary work, at the crossroad of the history of ideas and the international public policies analysis, is based on an innovating methodology which articulates an intellectual and empirical research to the analysis of the history and the functions of the WHO.This history is one of knowledge intertwining with games of power and institutional processes in shifting contexts. Starting with the emergence as early as the XVIIIth century of health education as a strategy for changing personal behaviors and its inclusion far later in the WHO structure, we move to the question of (international) public (health) policies transformations. The progressive affirmation of health promotion in the 1980’s reflects how WHO instances reframed the meaning of their work, when confronted to the tensions provoked by the shifting balance of well-established conceptions, and how they modified their discourse and their practice in order to keep or acquire a capacity to influence public action.. Above all, our research shows that (international) public health policies are today characterized by a attempt to combine—in a context of complexified issues and increased heterogeneity in knowledge as well as of a greater number of stakeholders in public health (action)—an array of legitimizing discourses ranging from the defense of individual freedom and the need for collective action on behalf of health as a “common good” to (individual and collective) strategies of action that are not only different but often conflicting
Sevilla, Ariel. "Travailler dans l'automobile. Le rôle de la formation continue en France, en Argentine et au Brésil (1980-2004)." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492186.
Kamga, Rachel Solange. "Les approches systémiques et recherche-action appliquées à la coopération scientifique francophone : vers une construction savante ?" Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083304.
Elono, Essono Armand. "L'Etat et les organisations internationales non gouvernementales de sport (FIFA-CIO) dans l'organisation et la mise en oeuvre des compétitions sportives internationales : Essai contributif à la sociologie de l'action publique internationale." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20026.
Knittel, Barbara. "La construction de l’identité professionnelle des journalistes français et allemands de presse quotidienne nationale : entre continuités, transformations et ruptures." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020057.
The present work is structured by two main perspectives: the French-German comparison and the construction of the professional identity of national daily press journalists. The construction of professional identity is analyzed taking into account the conjunction of interactions between the journalist as individual, the organization in which he is employed, the professional group to which he belongs and his social environment, with consideration of the cultural background of each country in which these interactions take place. Before conducting this analysis on a basis of approximately thirty semi-structured interviews that have been conducted with print and online journalists, we first took a closer look on the approaches developed by researchers in France and Germany. In order to limit the object of this research, the comparison has been restricted to the following specializations: politics, society and culture.The coexistence of the print edition and the newspaper’s website defies the professional identity of journalists and has an impact on the self-perception and the perception of each other of print and online journalists. In this context, differences between print and online journalists appear which lead to transnational similarities between the journalists of each support (print or web), even if all journalists are united by common references linked to ancient ideals of the journalists’ profession.Despite these strong similarities, the construction of the professional identity is influenced by the national context: especially the impact of the differences in each country’s administration can be observed on different levels, for example in the structure of the media landscape and the news organizations and their departments as well as in the journalists’ training and their professional mobility
Lacassagne, Aurélie. "Une reconstruction éliasienne de la théorie d'Alexander Wendt : pour une approche relationniste de la politique internationale." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00231927.
Nous proposons également de faire une reconstruction de la théorie wendtienne qui se fonde en grande partie sur la sociologie relationniste ou sociologie des processus développée par Norbert Elias. Une approche relationniste permet de mettre l'emphase sur caractère processuel de toute réalité sociale. On évite ainsi les réifications si courantes dans la pensée sociale traditionnelle. Par ailleurs, afin de comprendre et d'expliquer la politique internationale, il faut travailler sur la longue durée, seule façon de voir l'évolution (souvent lente) des processus sociaux. Enfin, avec Elias, nous réintégrons une dimension psychologique à la compréhension de la politique internationale au travers du concept d'habitus qui se révèle à la fois social et psychique. Il y a donc une discussion sur le rôle des émotions, des affects et de leur autocontrôle dans le rapport à la violence sur la scène internationale. L'ultime objectif s'avère d'humaniser, de socialiser et d'historiciser les théories des relations internationales.
Pomarede, Julien. "Mises en scène et stratégies d'internationalisation de la "lutte contre le terrorisme" :Guerre, surveillance et armements à l'OTAN après le 11 septembre 2001." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/277568.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
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Louis, Marieke. "La représentativité : une valeur pratique pour les organisations internationales : le cas de l'Organisation internationale du travail de 1919 à nos jours." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0044.
In the past two decades, the representativeness of international organisations has been at the heart of political debates on the reform of world governance institutions. Representativeness is key to the legitimacy of international organizations. It entails the fact of "representing well" but also constitutes a tool which the institutions use in order to make certain actors represent others. Building on empirical research on the International Labour Organisation (ILO) from 1919 to 2014, this work develops the concept of "practical value" to address the polysemous and ambivalent notion of representativeness. The case of the ILO is both particular and emblematic of the problems that representativeness poses today. Indeed, unlike the United Nations or Bretton Woods systems, the ILO, created in 1919, is the sole international organisation composed of government representatives and representatives from workers’ and employers’ unions (tripartite representation). Hence, the ILO is a particularly interesting case to study representativeness over the long term at the level of states and non-state actors. Methodologically, this work defends a socio-historical approach that gives a central place to actors’ conceptions about representativeness, while also analysing the way representational practices are objectivised through time
Sadeldeen, Amro. "European civil actors for Palestinian rights and a Palestinian globalized movement: How norms and pathways have developed." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/230778.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mamarbachi, Alexandre. "Emergence, construction et transformations d’une « cause » : sociologie historique des dévouements en faveur de la « cause » des Palestiniens 1960 – 2010 : recherche historique et enquête ethnographique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100010.
This research aims to contribute to the sociology of public policies and social movements. It questions the conditions of emergence of a “cause” at the very beginning of the 1960’s and its successive transformations. Claiming for Palestinian interests has raised the affirmation of a political identity. The edification of this “cause” during the political context of the 1960’s points out that this issue has been referred to the Algerian national liberation movement. It’s a “Third-World” problem. But at the end of the 1970’s, this cause has been framed by the International Law and Humanitarian Topics. New actors reconfigured the problem: Associations of Jurists claimed assistance for the civil populations. Advocacy networks promoted Human rights and conducted an international moral protest. NGO’s and local civil authorities supported the development of Palestinian Territories by providing humanitarian aid. This cooperation belongs to a new Repertory of collective actions: Transnational-Solidarity. We have investigated the local level of a cooperation conducted by a French municipality with a Palestinian city in the West Bank (a refugee camp). Our enquiry points out how the actors provide support for empowerment of Female inhabitants. Humanitarian Aid for civil population is a way to legitimate political engagements
Narminio, Elisa. "Vulnerabilising the trafficked child: Structural violence of governance practices in the EU and ASEAN." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/315941.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Aubry, François. "La transmission des compétences professionnelles des aides-soignantes et des préposés aux bénéficiaires dans les organisations gériatriques en France et au Québec : comparaison internationale sur le rôle central de l’intégration à l’organisation comme processus d’habilitation des nouvelles recrues par le groupe de pairs." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1018.
Nurse’s aides (called aides-soignantes) in France, and nurse’s aides (called préposés aux bénéficiaires), in Quebec (Canada) (AS/PB), are placed at the bottom of the organizational hierarchy of geriatric organizations (EHPAD in France and CHSLD in Quebec). The AS/PB still hold a central role in these organizations because they must perform acts of support and health among older dependant people. We tried to understand how professional skills are transmit for members of these occupations. Both solutions are frequently given: for AS/PB, skills have a natural character, they would not be passed, but naturally possessed. Managers of organizations, in turn, suggest the importance of learning the free skills. We chose to follow another path of research. We have studied the integration of new recruits in the geriatric organizations. 47 biographical interviews were conducted with AS/PB, and 30 hours of observation. Our results have shown that to become AS/PB is largely determined by peer judgment during the integration of new recruits into the organization. It thus appears that selection takes place for those who can secure a place in the organization and a geriatric use of AS/PB. This selection makes sense when we consider the difficult working conditions faced by these professional actors. The training does not allow recruits to experience the difficulties caused mainly by lack of staff absences and rehearsals. These difficulties lead most players to a disenchantment resulting from the gap between the idealized image of the trade (the relationship) and the organizational reality. The peer group during the orientation phase, the judge previously considered suitable for new recruits "can-do" tasks despite the difficult working conditions. The skills required are no longer limited to domestic skills. Other tacit skills are passed on to recruits deemed competent by the peer group. They aim to use collective strategies to circumvent the problems at work. The integration also has a central role because it is the basis of identity construction of the new recruit. By peer judgment (the identity for others), the representation of self (identity for itself) tends to change. Actors are asked to present themselves as individuals who had always been the taste to become AS/PB. However, the study of their professional career allows us to consider that they are mostly affected by biographical breaks. We are witnessing here is a real phenomenon of « habilitation », that is to say construction professional. Indeed, by habilitation, the actors tend to forget the social process that led them to take this job and to submit their professional career as a homogeneous continuity. The integration process has strong similarities between France and Quebec. The peer group has an important integrative function in both contexts. It also features an integral, although higher in France than in Quebec. Faced with the critical judgments of caregivers, the peer group in Quebec do not necessarily defending its members. Individual responsibility is more often highlighted. In contrast, in France, the solidarity of the group of peer is essential. But it does not allow aides to enjoy the rewarding comments of caregivers, which could increase their collective recognition
Frisani, Marcella. "Le livre et le drapeau. Le marché de circulation internationale des oeuvres comme construction symbolique : une sociohistoire, entre Paris et Londres." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0187.
The construction of a global translation market is not just an economic fact, but also a symbolic act. In order to understand this, we have investigated the genesis and the institutionalisation of "translation" as a category worth of a legitimate public intervention. Firstly, based on archival evidence, the thesis maps the social space of problematisation of "the book" and of its modes of international circulation, by looking at how French publishers, diplomats, bureaucrats and experts get involved in this process. Secondly, based on 103 in depth semi-directive interviews, it then investigates the institutional construction of a local space of proximity, between Paris and London, between two publishing markets and between two conflicting ethos, whilst highlighting "street-level bureaucrats"work practices.Finally, the thesis explores the possibility of a European translation market as a symbolic construction
Gayger, Muller Gustavo. "Legitimation of Security Regionalism: A Study of the Legitimacy Claims of the African Union and the European Union." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/224261.
This thesis identifies and analyses the legitimacy claims of regional security organizations in relation to their policies and their existence as relatively new sites of authority. Hence, it explores the normative context underpinning security regionalism between global and national levels. In this regard, it proposes a conceptual and theoretical framework for the study of self- legitimation, which is understood as a dynamic and intersubjective social process of justification of the right to rule. This framework is based on the intersection between the literatures on security, regionalism, and political legitimacy. Its main focus is the identification of the arguments of legitimation that can justify the unequal power relations between rulers and ruled. This thesis’ case studies are the security missions and policies of crisis management of the African Union and the European Union in response to the crisis in Darfur (2003-) and adjacent areas such as Chad and Central African Republic. Building on the framework of self-legitimation and on the analysis of documents produced by both regional organizations, the empirical part identifies fours large patterns of arguments, which are called ‘images of security regionalism’. These images are the beneficial regionalism, the necessary regionalism, the inevitable regionalism, and the multilateral regionalism. The images of security regionalism show that the legitimation of policies and actions, on the one hand, and the legitimation of regional organizations and their positions within security governance, on the other, are indissociable. Moreover, they also reveal that, more than the legitimation of actions, it is often the legitimation of the perceived inaction that is crucial to the organizations’ role as a security actors. Finally, the patterns of arguments referring to the inter-organizational relations and to the multilateral and collective character of the organizations’ policies point to a trend of mutual recognition and, by consequence, mutual legitimation among regional organizations.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Poli, Raffaele. "Production de footballeurs, réseaux marchands et mobilités professionnelles dans l'économie globale : le cas des joueurs africains." Phd thesis, Besançon, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924860.
This doctorate thesis in Human geography deals with the international trade and migration of African football players towards and within Europe through a relational theoretical framework. Through the case study of African footballers, the goal is to gain a better understanding of several ongoing mechanisms occurring in the context of the global economy, such as the new international division of labour, the emergence of global production networks and the segmentation of labour markets. The thesis pleads for taking into account the social embeddedness of the economic action and of social networks as fundamental analytical unity to understand the process of globalization
Hunsmann, Moritz. "Dépolitisations d'une épidémie - La lutte internationale contre le sida et les politiques de santé en Tanzanie." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01055458.
Apenuvor, Kossi Dodzi. "Rapports de pouvoir et stratégies d'acteurs dans les relations interorganisationnelles Nord-Sud. Etude de cas : les partenariats de Brücke*Le pont (Suisse), EED et Pain pour le Monde (Allemagne) avec les ONG togolaises." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062399.
Souidi, Hocine Kémal. "Les communistes face à la question nationale : le cas de l'Algérie (1920-1932)." Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE21025.
The subject of this work is the study of the relationship between the communists and the nationalism at the end of world war ist in the early 30's. This relationship didn't have a straight progression; radical changes occurend during this period. The international communist, the french communist party and its algerian branch were the main actors. Between 1920-1924, the communists tried to work out a general policy on the nationalism in algeria. The discussions weren't really easy because of the differnt points of view. Some wanted a "pro-slavery" policy and some supported the nationalism. In 1924, the alliance with emir khaled represented the first evolution. The second chinese revolution brought some change. The "comintern", in application of a word policy, required that the communists create a nationalist party in algeria similar to the chinese guomindang. People sent from paris did not succeed in algeria. In france, "l'etoile nord-africaine", the first algerian nationalist party, was created and entirely managed by the french communist party. The collapse of the chinese revolution had a strong effect on the international communist policy : the ntionalists, who were the most popular allies, became the enemies. The result of the application of this policy for algeria was the
Saiget, Marie. "Programmes internationaux et politisation de l'action collective des femmes dans l'entre-guerres : une sociologie des interventions sur le genre et les femmes au Burundi (1993-2015)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0019.
International organisations (IOs) have displayed a growing interests in matters related to “women, peace and security”. This thesis permits to better understand the concrete realities of IOs’ interventions in this domain and their effects on the social and political dynamics of women’s mobilisations in interwar contexts. The thesis uses a sociological lens to approach gender-related interventions taking place in Burundi (1993-2015). In doing so, it goes beyond the critical and expert perspectives of the effects of international programmes. This work is based on a study of official documents and, more importantly, field research carried out in Burundi between 2012 and 2014. The first section of the thesis addresses the construction of gender-related interventions from a normative, practical and relational point of view. The second section studies the ways in which multiple individual intervening actors become socialised with international standards and practices on gender and women’s issues. Finally, the third section analyses the processes of politicisation of certain issues, practices and subjects of women’s collective action. The thesis defends a dynamic interpretation of processes of politicization and argues that, because of problematic effects on the socialisation of actors, interventions on gender contributes to politicise women’s collective action. This politicisation places IOs in a delicate position, as these tendencies are beyond the scope of their intervention. Paradoxically, this position maintains rather than alters the current politicisation