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Статті в журналах з теми "Socioeconomic-Related health inequality"
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Glorioso, Valeria, and Maurizio Pisati. "Socioeconomic inequality in health-related behaviors: a lifestyle approach." Quality & Quantity 48, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 2859–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9929-y.
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Baigi, Vali, Saharnaz Nedjat, Ahmad Reza Hosseinpoor, Majid Sartipi, Yahya Salimi, and Akbar Fotouhi. "Socioeconomic inequality in health domains in Tehran: a population-based cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 8, no. 2 (February 2018): e018298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018298.
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ObjectiveReduction of socioeconomic inequality in health requires appropriate evidence on health and its distribution based on socioeconomic indicators. The objective of this study was to assess socioeconomic inequality in various health domains and self-rated health (SRH).MethodsThis study was conducted using data collected in a survey in 2014 on a random sample of individuals aged 18 and above in the city of Tehran. The standardised World Health Survey Individual Questionnaire was used to assess different health domains. The age-adjusted prevalence of poor health was calculated for each health domain and SRH based on levels of education and wealth quintiles. Furthermore, the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were applied to assess socioeconomic inequality in each of the health domains and SRH.ResultsThe age-adjusted prevalence of poor health was observed in a descending order from the lowest to the highest wealth quintiles, and from the lowest level of education to the highest. RII also showed varying values of inequality among different domains, favouring rich subgroups. The highest wealth-related RII was observed in the ‘Mobility’ domain with a value of 4.16 (95% CI 2.01 to 8.62), and the highest education-related RII was observed in the ‘Interpersonal Activities’ domain with a value of 6.40 (95% CI 1.91 to 21.36).ConclusionsSubstantial socioeconomic inequalities were observed in different health domains in favour of groups of better socioeconomic status. Based on these results, policymaking aimed at tackling inequalities should pay attention to different health domains as well as to overall health.
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Wang, Yixiao. "Income-related inequality in health outcomes among older individuals in China: A measurement and decomposition analysis." Global Health Economics and Sustainability 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 2243. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ghes.2243.
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Population aging in China presents a significant challenge, with projections indicating that individuals aged 65 and above will exceed 30% of the total population by 2050, thereby increasing health-care and long-term care (LTC) demands. Therefore, this study aimed to examine income-related inequality in self-rated health (SRH) and functional ability among older individuals in China while also examining the contribution of socioeconomic factors to health inequality. Data were drawn from the 2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Well-established tools, such as concentration curves, the Erreygers concentration index (EI), and decomposition analysis, were employed to elucidate income-related inequality in health within the sample. The results revealed that for SRH, both unstandardized and standardized concentration curves were observed below the 45° line, with unstandardized EI at 0.068 and standardized EI at 0.033. For functional ability, both unstandardized and standardized concentration curves were observed above the 45° line, with unstandardized EI at −0.016 and standardized EI at −0.003. These results suggest that, after controlling for demographic factors, the better-off group is more likely to report better SRH and less likely to experience functional limitations compared to the worse-off group. Furthermore, this inequality in health outcomes is predominantly driven by socioeconomic factors rather than demographic factors. For SRH, income emerges as the primary contributor to total inequality. Similarly, for functional ability, income emerges as the key factor driving inequality, disproportionately affecting the less affluent population. Consequently, it is crucial for the government to protect older individuals with lower socioeconomic status to mitigate income-related inequality in health by directly providing cash aids and formal LTC, which could contribute to promoting healthy aging in the context of global aging.
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Panigrahi, Priyanca, Dharmashree Satyarup, and Jagruti Nanda. "A Review on Socioeconomic Divide: Implications for Health Outcomes and Oral Health." International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2024): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.22270/ijmspr.v10i4.118.
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Social inequality has a substantial influence on oral health and health outcomes in general. It takes many different forms, including differences in wealth and educational attainment. Prominent health inequalities are caused by the unequal distribution of opportunities and resources, which is influenced by socioeconomic, racial, and geographic variables. Unfair health disparities are caused by a variety of factors, including as living circumstances, health-related behaviours, and biological variance. These differences, which mostly impact lower socioeconomic groups, threaten social cohesiveness, impair economic stability, and intensify emotional stress. In order to address these problems, more inclusive definitions of health are needed, along with fair policy. Addressing these gaps requires comprehensive efforts to enhance general health and eliminate inequities, including those in dental treatment. Public health plays a vital role in this regard. Keywords: Health, Inequality, Perspective, Social inequality
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Safaei, Jalil. "Global income related health inequalities." Social Medicine 2, no. 1 (January 15, 2007): 19–33. https://doi.org/10.71164/socialmedicine.v2i1.2007.31.
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Income related health inequalities have been estimated for various groups of individuals at local, state, or national levels. Almost all of theses estimates are based on individual data from sample surveys. Lack of consistent individual data worldwide has prevented estimates of international income related health inequalities. This paper uses the (population weighted) aggregate data available from many countries around the world to estimate worldwide income related health inequalities. Since the intra-country inequalities are subdued by the aggregate nature of the data, the estimates would be those of the inter-country or international health inequalities. As well, the study estimates the contribution of major socioeconomic variables to the overall health inequalities. The findings of the study strongly support the existence of worldwide income related health inequalities that favor the higher income countries. Decompositions of health inequalities identify inequalities in both the level and distribution of income as the main source of health inequality along with inequalities in education and degree of urbanization as other contributing determinants. Since income related health inequalities are preventable, policies to reduce the income gaps between the poor and rich nations could greatly improve the health of hundreds of millions of people and promote global justice. Keywords: global, income, health inequality, socioeconomic determinants of health
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Andrade, Fabíola Bof de, José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes, Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior, Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa, and Cesar De Oliveira. "Life course socioeconomic inequalities and oral health status in later life." Revista de Saúde Pública 52, Suppl 2 (January 24, 2019): 7s. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000628.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between life course socioeconomic conditions and two oral health outcomes (edentulism and use of dental prostheses among individuals with severe tooth loss) among older Brazilian adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) which includes information on persons aged 50 years or older residing in 70 municipalities across the five great Brazilian regions. Regression models using life history information were used to investigate the relation between childhood (parental education) and adulthood (own education and wealth) socioeconomic circumstances and edentulism and use of dental prostheses. Slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality for edentulism and use of dental prostheses assessed socioeconomic inequalities in both outcomes. RESULTS: Approximately 28.8% of the individuals were edentulous and among those with severe tooth loss 80% used dental prostheses. Significant absolute and relative inequalities were found for edentulism and use of dental prostheses. The magnitude of edentulism was higher among individuals with lower levels of socioeconomic position during childhood, irrespective of their current socioeconomic position. Absolute and relative inequalities related to the use of dental prostheses were not related to childhood socioeconomic position. CONCLUSIONS: These findings substantiate the association between life course socioeconomic circumstances and oral health in older adulthood, although use of dental prostheses was not related to childhood socioeconomic position. The study also highlights the long-lasting relation between childhood socioeconomic inequalities and oral health through the life course.
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Ataguba, John E., James Akazili, and Di McIntyre. "Socioeconomic-related health inequality in South Africa: evidence from General Household Surveys." International Journal for Equity in Health 10, no. 1 (2011): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-10-48.
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Lumme, Sonja, Kristiina Manderbacka, Sakari Karvonen, and Ilmo Keskimäki. "Trends of socioeconomic equality in mortality amenable to healthcare and health policy in 1992–2013 in Finland: a population-based register study." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (December 2018): e023680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023680.
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ObjectiveTo study trends in socioeconomic equality in mortality amenable to healthcare and health policy interventions.DesignA population-based register study.SettingNationwide data on mortality from the Causes of Death statistics for the years 1992–2013.ParticipantsAll deaths of Finnish inhabitants aged 25–74.Outcome measuresYearly age-standardised rates of mortality amenable to healthcare interventions, alcohol-related mortality, ischaemic heart disease mortality and mortality due to all the other causes by income. Concentration index (C) was used to evaluate the magnitude and changes in income group differences.ResultsSignificant socioeconomic inequalities favouring the better-off were observed in each mortality category among younger (25–64) and older (65–74) age groups. Inequality was highest in alcohol-related mortality, C was −0.58 (95% CI −0.62 to −0.54) among younger men in 2008 and −0.62 (−0.72 to −0.53) among younger women in 2013. Socioeconomic inequality increased significantly during the study period except for alcohol-related mortality among older women.ConclusionsThe increase in socioeconomic inequality in mortality amenable to healthcare and health policy interventions between 1992 and 2013 suggests that either the means or the implementation of the health policies have been inadequate.
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Bof de Andrade, Fabíola, and Flavia Drumond Andrade. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Brazilians: A Cross-Sectional Study." Dentistry Journal 7, no. 2 (April 2, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7020039.
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Objective: Assess the magnitude of the socioeconomic inequalities related to the impact of oral health on quality of life among adults and elderly individuals. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the most recent oral health survey from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample included data on 2288 individuals—1159 adults in the 35–44 age group and 1129 adults in the 65–74 age group. Socioeconomic inequalities in Oral Impacts on Daily Performance ratings were measured using two inequality measures: the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII). Results: The prevalence of negative impact of oral health on quality of life was 42.2% for the total sample, 44.9% among adults and 37.5% among elderly individuals. Significant absolute and relative income inequalities were found for the total sample (SII −27.8; RII 0.52) and both age groups (adults: SII −32.4; RII 0.49; elderly: SII −18.3; RI 0.63), meaning that individuals in the lowest income level had the highest prevalence of negative impacts. Regarding schooling, no significant differences were observed among the elderly. Conclusion: There were significant socioeconomic inequalities related to the negative impact of oral health-related quality of life in Brazil among both age groups.
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Wondimu, Abrham, Jurjen van der Schans, Marinus van Hulst, and Maarten J. Postma. "Inequalities in Rotavirus Vaccine Uptake in Ethiopia: A Decomposition Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082696.
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A previous study in Ethiopia reported significant variation in rotavirus vaccine uptake across socioeconomic strata. This study aims to quantify socioeconomic inequality of rotavirus vaccine uptake in Ethiopia and to identify the contributing factors for the inequality. The concentration curve (CC) and the Erreygers Normalized Concentration Index (ECI) were used to assess the socioeconomic related inequality in rotavirus vaccine uptake using data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Decomposition analysis was conducted to identify the drivers of inequalities. The CC for rotavirus vaccine uptake lay below the line of equality and the ECI was 0.270 (p < 0.001) indicating that uptake of rotavirus vaccine in Ethiopia was significantly concentrated among children from families with better socioeconomic status. The decomposition analysis showed that underlining inequalities in maternal health care services utilization, including antenatal care use (18.4%) and institutional delivery (8.1%), exposure to media (12.8%), and maternal educational level (9.7%) were responsible for the majority of observed inequalities in the uptake of rotavirus vaccine. The findings suggested that there is significant socioeconomic inequality in rotavirus vaccine uptake in Ethiopia. Multi-sectoral actions are required to reduce the inequalities, inclusive increasing maternal health care services, and educational attainments among economically disadvantaged mothers.
Дисертації з теми "Socioeconomic-Related health inequality"
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Ali, Shehzad Inayat. "Measuring the impact of Voluntary Health Insurance on out of pocket costs and socioeconomic-related inequality : methodological challenges and potential solutions with an application to Vietnam." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/855/.
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Aims: This study has three aims: 1) to measure the impact of the Vietnamese Voluntary Health Insurance (VHI) programme on out-of-pocket (OOP) costs of health care after correcting for care-seeking and insurance-seeking self-selection biases; 2) to measure the effect of the VHI programme on socioeconomic-related inequality in out-of-pocket costs; and 3) to measure the role of VHI in preventing catastrophic health care costs. Data: This study is based on cross-sectional household survey data collected from three provinces of Vietnam: Hai Phong, Ninh Binh and Dong Thap. A total of 1,650 adults and 1,101 children were randomly selected and interviewed during the year 1999. Individual level data were available on the cost of health care in the last three months, the insurance status, personal and socioeconomic variables, health status and health care utilisation. In the sample, 1,192 individuals felt sick at least once in the last three months, and 985 of them sought care. Methods: The standard regression approach of measuring the average impact of VHI does not correct simultaneously for care-seeking and insurance-seeking biases. Also, the standard approach of measuring vertical equity in financing fails to account for the unmet need for care. This thesis proposes an improved approach, based on Heckman’s selection model, to estimate the impact of insurance on the cost of health care, after correcting for self-selection biases. To measure socioeconomic-related inequality in health care costs, a need standardised concentration index was proposed. This approach standardises for differences in the level of need between individuals, in turn controlling for the unmet need for care. Progressivity analysis was carried out using Kakwani’s index of progressivity. Finally, the incidence of catastrophic health care costs was modelled using probit equations that accounted for self-selection biases. Result: Analysis shows that insurance is negatively associated with expected cost of care, and this effect becomes more pronounced after correcting for selection biases. Need-standardised concentration indices demonstrate that insurance makes the distribution of health care costs more pro-poor. Kakwani indices suggest that insurance reduces the regressivity of financing. Finally, the study finds that VHI is associated with a lower probability of financial catastrophe. Conclusion: Membership in the Vietnamese VHI appears to have a protective effect on health care costs; this effect is augmented after controlling for selection biases due to unobserved characteristics. Insurance membership also appears to reduce the regressivity of health financing and the incidence and intensity of catastrophic health care costs.
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Faust, Lena. "Socioeconomic Inequality and HIV in Nigeria: Conclusions from the 2013 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37765.
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Background: As high HIV transmission rates persist in Sub-Saharan Africa, the effect of wealth inequality rather than solely absolute wealth as a potential driver of the HIV epidemic has been given increased attention in recent research, but has not yet been investigated in the Nigerian setting. As, particularly in contexts of socioeconomic inequality, individuals may face barriers to both obtaining health-related knowledge and translating this knowledge into actual engagement in preventive measures, it is relevant to assess the level of HIV-related knowledge in the Nigerian population. Furthermore, it is of interest to investigate its socioeconomic predictors, and to identify risk-groups for low HIV-related knowledge, which consequentially are also potential risk groups for high HIV transmission. This will ultimately facilitate the targeting and implementation of more appropriate and effective preventive interventions among these groups. Due to the country’s high HIV prevalence and its ethnic and socioeconomic heterogeneity, it is both an interesting and highly relevant setting in which to analyse the socioeconomic determinants of HIV-related knowledge. Methods: Utilizing data from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey, Paper 1 of this thesis investigates wealth inequality as a predictor of low HIV-related knowledge in the Nigerian population through logistic regression modeling. The effects of other sociodemographic factors such as sex, literacy and rural or urban residence on HIV-related knowledge are also explored. In paper 2, a trend analysis is conducted of HIV-related knowledge in the country from 2003 to 2013, with changes in these trends represented graphically, stratified by various sociodemographic factors. ARIMA models were fit to the 2003-2013 trend data. Finally, Paper 3 presents a systematic review (using the Medline and Embase databases) and meta-analysis (conducted in R) of HIV-related knowledge interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa or among the African Diaspora, synthesising the available evidence for the efficacy of such interventions in 1) improving HIV-related knowledge, 2) resulting in increased engagement in preventive measures and safe sexual practices, and 3) reducing HIV incidence. Random-effects models were used for the meta- analyses. Results: The logistic regression model indicated that females were more than twice as likely as males to have low HIV-related knowledge in each wealth inequality category. In addition, females were more likely to have correct knowledge of mother-to-child transmission than males, but were over 1.5 times more likely to have poor knowledge of HIV risk reduction measures. Individuals with lower literacy levels were almost twice as likely as literate respondents to have low HIV-related knowledge. Ethnicity, religious affiliation, relationship status, and residing in rural areas were additional significant predictors of HIV-related knowledge. The trend analysis indicated an overall increase in HIV-related knowledge between 2003 and 2013, but a decrease in knowledge of mother-to-child-transmission. In addition, State-level disparities in knowledge regarding HIV risk reduction increased over time. The meta-analysis of HIV education interventions demonstrated significantly higher odds of correct knowledge of transmission routes as well as condom use, but insignificantly lower odds of HIV incidence. Conclusions: HIV-related knowledge in this sample is generally low among females, those with low literacy levels, the poor, the unemployed, those residing in rural areas, those with traditional religious beliefs, and those living in states with the highest wealth inequality ratios. The meta-analysis of HIV-related knowledge interventions in Paper 3 indicates that such interventions are generally effective at improving not only HIV-related knowledge but also increasing condom use, and should thus be targeted at the risk groups identified in Papers 1 and 2, in order to work towards the reduction of HIV transmission.
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Baffo, Boris. "Inégalités de santé liées au revenu : Utilisation de l'indice de concentration et des méthodes de décomposition sur les individus européens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CYUN1349.
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Cette étude vise à expliquer les inégalités liées au revenu dans la distribution de la santé auto-déclarée (SRH) en utilisant des données longitudinales EUSLIC sur la période 2004-2029. Le cadre conceptuel des déterminants sociaux de la santé développé par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), qui structure hiérarchiquement les contextes politiques et économiques, la démographie, la position socio-économique et enfin les conditions de logement, est utilisé. Du point de vue de la théorie de l'égalité des chances, le premier ensemble de déterminants est appelé circonstances (à la base des inégalités injustes en matière de santé) et les conditions de logement, les efforts (à la base des inégalités équitables en matière de santé).Différentes variables de santé (liées à la santé sexuelle et reproductive) et différentes méthodologies ont été mises en œuvre dans les trois chapitres de cette étude. Les deux premiers chapitres sont consacrés à l'évaluation de la contribution des déterminants de la santé, sur la base d'un modèle de santé et d'une méthode de décomposition. Dans le premier chapitre, la variable de santé considérée est continue, le modèle de santé est le modèle de régression par intervalles et la méthode de décomposition est celle de Wagstaff. Dans le deuxième chapitre, la variable santé est autodéclarée, le modèle utilisé est le modèle logit ordonné, et la nouvelle méthode de décomposition provient de la valeur de Shapley et de la valeur d'Owen. Le chapitre 3 vise à comprendre les variations des inégalités de santé en fonction des inégalités dans les déterminants sociaux de la santé. La méthode de régression et de décomposition RIF a été explorée.Les trois chapitres ont montré la persistance des inégalités de santé en Europe sur la période 2004-2019. Ils montrent que les différences individuelles et régionales de revenus ont un impact significatif sur les inégalités de santé. Elles sont également les principaux moteurs de ces inégalités au cours de la période étudiée. Les résultats ont également mis en évidence la vulnérabilité de certains groupes de population (personnes n'ayant pas fait d'études secondaires, personnes âgées, retraités).En outre, les résultats ont montré le rôle important de l'accessibilité financière et de la privation matérielle non sévère dans l'explication de ces inégalités matérielles. Toutefois, lorsque l'influence des circonstances est supprimée, les contributions de l'accessibilité financière et de la privation matérielle non sévère aux conditions de logement passent de positives à négatives. En termes de politique économique, la recherche d'une redistribution équitable des revenus doit être considérée comme un pilier important de la réduction des inégalités de santé en EuropeThis study aims to explain income-related inequalities in the distribution of self-reported health (SRH) using longitudinal EUSLIC data over the period 2004-2029. The conceptual framework of social determinants of health developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), which hierarchically structures political and economic contexts, demographics, socio-economic position and finally housing conditions, is used. From the perspective of Equality Opportunity Theory, the first set of determinants are called circumstances (at the basis of unjust inequalities in health) and housing conditions, the efforts (at the basis of fair inequalities in health).Different health variables (related to the SRH) and different methodologies have been implemented in the three chapters of this study. The first two chapters are devoted to assessing the contribution of health determinants, based on a health model and a decomposition method. In the first chapter, the health variable considered is continuous, the health model is the interval regression model, and the decomposition method is that of Wagstaff. In the second chapter, the health variable is self-reported, the model used is the ordered logit model, and the new decomposition method comes from the Shapley value and the Owen value. Chapter 3 aims to understand variations in health inequalities based on inequalities in health's social determinants. The RIF method of regression and decomposition has been explored.The three chapters have shown the persistence of health inequalities in Eu- rope over the period 2004-2019. They show that individual and regional in- come differences have a significant impact on health inequalities. They are also the main drivers over the study period. The results also highlighted the vulnerability of certain population groups (people with less than secondaryeducation, the elderly, retirees). In addition, the results showed the important role of affordability and non-severe material deprivation in explaining these material inequalities. However, when the influence of circumstances is removed, the contributions of affordability and non-severe material deprivation to housing conditions change from positive to negative. In terms of economic policy, the search for a fair redistribution of income must be seen as an important pillar for reducing health inequalities in Europe
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Lin, Hsiao Yun, and 林小蕓. "Socioeconomic status related health inequality in Taiwan: the application of SF-36 and disease severity index." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18643741729753148911.
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碩士長庚大學
醫務管理學研究所
96
In 1995, Taiwan implemented National Health Insurance (NHI) program which aims to ensure citizens’ access to health care and further health equality, regardless of their economic resources, social standing, or geographical location. Therefore, this research intends to study the distribution of socioeconomic status (SES) related health status in Taiwan. This study employs concentration index (CI) on a national representative sample survey, namely the 2001 Health Interview Survey which contained health service utilization data and was released in 2007. Adopting income and SES scale to represent SES of sampled respondents, this study also uses MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) to measure health status. CI was calculated to indicate the extent of equality and concentration curves was plotted to show the distribution of health among different level of SES. The results showed that CI for health distribution is positive (p<0.0001) and for ill-health is negative (p<0.0001), in other words, there exists SES related health inequality which favors higher SES groups. The concentration curve which put cumulative percentage of population ranked by SES in x axis, was also plotted to examine the distribution graphically. Regardless of using “income” or “SES scale” to represent sample’s SES, the plots show an unequal distribution of health among different SES groups. Lower-SES group tends to account for more ill-health distribution than the higher-SES group.
Книги з теми "Socioeconomic-Related health inequality"
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Allen, Tennille Nicole. Food Inequalities. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400652684.
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This book provides an accessible introduction to food inequality in the United States, offering readers a broad survey of the most important topics and issues and exploring how economics, culture, and public policy have shaped our current food landscape. Food inequality in the United States can take many forms. From the low-income family unable to afford enough to eat and the migrant farm worker paid below minimum wage to city dwellers stranded in an urban food desert, disparities in how we access and relate to food can have significant physical, psychological, and cultural consequences. These inequalities often have deep historical roots and a complex connection to race, socioeconomic status, gender, and geography. Part of Greenwood's Health and Medical Issues Today series, Food Inequalities is divided into three sections. Part I explores different types of food inequality and highlights current efforts to improve food access and equity in the U.S. Part II delves deep into a variety of issues and controversies related to the subject, offering thorough and balanced coverage of these hot-button topics. Part III provides a variety of useful supplemental materials, including case studies, a timeline of critical events, and a directory of resources.
Частини книг з теми "Socioeconomic-Related health inequality"
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Adams, Jean. "The role of time preference and perspective in socioeconomic inequalities in health-related behaviours." In Social inequality and public health, 9–24. Policy Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.56687/9781847423221-005.
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Adams, Jean. "The role of time preference and perspective in socioeconomic inequalities in health-related behaviours." In Social inequality and public health, 8–24. Policy Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781847423207.003.0002.
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"The role of time preference and perspective in socioeconomic inequalities in health-related behaviours." In Social inequality and public health, 9–24. Policy Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/9781847423221.ch002.
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Nwosu, Chijioke O. "Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health: The South African Story." In A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa, 177–93. UJ Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/9781776489985-08.
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South Africa is characterised by income and wealth inequalities, as well as a high disease burden typical of a developing country. Given that income is an essential determinant of health and healthcare, one can imagine that access to critical healthcare and health outcomes will depend on socioeconomic position. This chapter, therefore, presents an overview of health inequalities in South Africa as related to socioeconomic position. The focus is on the magnitude of health disparities and, where data availability permits, ascertaining whether and in what direction such disparities have changed over time. By the end of this chapter, the reader would have been sufficiently informed about the stark socioeconomic inequalities that diminish health and healthcare access in South Africa. This knowledge will hopefully encourage debate about the need and ways to tackle health inequalities in the country aggressively.
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Berthelot, Emily R., and Susan G. Bornstein. "Inequality in Healthcare." In The Social Science of the COVID-19 Pandemic, 322–37. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197615133.003.0025.
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Abstract This chapter discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic amplified the structural inequality in health and healthcare experienced by people of color, older adults, and those of low socioeconomic status. The chapter outlines relevant structural inequality theories, then applies these theories to explain the disparate outcomes of COVID-19 in specific populations. In addition to these structural inequities, minorities often have a distrust of healthcare due to historical and contemporary experiences, which can further exacerbate healthcare disparities. During the pandemic, many disadvantaged groups could not afford medical care or were unable to use telehealth communications secondary to lack of technology. Frequently, these people were essential workers and/or were unable to socially isolate. The income, insurance coverage, and status gaps between wealthy and disadvantaged Americans may be both cause and consequence of healthcare inequalities. These inequalities dramatically influenced individuals’ experiences during the pandemic. The chapter closes with a discussion of the “lessons learned” for healthcare policymakers and ideas for future social science research on structural inequality related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Keyser, Nico. "Introduction." In A Fair Share: Reflecting Essays on Economic Inequality in South Africa, 1–15. UJ Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/9781776489985-01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Why all the fuss about economic inequality? Why does economic inequality matter? Is it just a political theme used to support (or win over) the have-nots? Or, at the very extreme, is it driven by socialists whose goal is to establish a utopia of a supposed ‘equal society’, eventually resulting in a pure communist state? Or is it, at the fundamental level, simply a (serious) threat to economic sustainability and social stability? Yes, inequality does matter. The high levels of poverty and inequality in the world and South Africa justify that these related challenges matter and require continuous analysis, debate, reflection, and discussion. Poverty and its close relation to inequality, the likely increase in conflict and civil war, and the search for social justice need more inquiry into the complexity of inequality’s relationship with other economic variables. In this book, which targets the general public, policymakers, and anyone interested in inequality, the following essays will reflect on different aspects of economic inequality in South Africa, specifically focusing on the period after 1994. The chapters focus on the following topics: how to measure inequality, wealth inequality, wage inequalities, land distribution, access to banking services, inequality in service delivery, socioeconomic inequalities in health, and inequality in education. The final chapters focus on the informal sector, the consideration of a universal basic income grant, and economic inclusivity as some remedies for inequality in South Africa.
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Morse, Stephen S., Ichiro Kawachi, and Dustin T. Duncan. "Introduction." In The Social Epidemiology of the COVID-19 Pandemic, 1–32. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197625217.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The chapter begins with an overview of the health consequences of COVID-19, including how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted mental health consequences and sleep behaviors. This introductory chapter by the volume’s editors introduces the principal themes in the social epidemiology of COVID-19. First, the authors review the current state of knowledge about the infection dynamics of the SARS-Cov-2 virus, and how it intersects with the social world, including who is at greatest risk of exposure, and who is susceptible to severe disease and death. Two years into the pandemic, it was painstakingly obvious that the COVID-19 pandemic had exacerbated health disparities in the United States and worldwide. Globally, the pandemic has set back progress in poverty reduction, under-5 child mortality, and malnutrition. Within both poor and rich countries, the burden of COVID-19 has fallen most heavily on the most disadvantaged groups in society. The chapter provides an overview of how the pandemic intersects with nearly every social determinant of health—ranging from socioeconomic status (occupation, income, and education), race/ethnicity, gender, immigrant status, to neighborhood contexts, working conditions, social connectedness, and macroeconomic forces including income inequality. The detailed connections between each social determinant and COVID-related outcomes are elaborated in the chapters to follow.
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"Women Empowerment and ICTs in Developing Economies." In ICTs for Health, Education, and Socioeconomic Policies, 146–64. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3643-9.ch007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The revolution in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has vast implications for the developing world; yet this revolution is associated with several issues. One of the main issues is the gender digital divide that has been widely growing in these economies. The absence of clear knowledge about the ways gender inequality and ICTs are impacting each other remain a main issue of ICTs and women. This chapter examines some issues and challenges related to women and ICTs in developing economies. The chapter discusses some potential uses of ICTs for women empowerment. Finally, real case studies of the use of ICTs for women empowerment in developing countries are introduced to show that local development projects can benefit from technological support.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Socioeconomic-Related health inequality"
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Birch, Jack, Rebecca Jones, Julia Mueller, Matthew McDonald, Rebecca Richards, Michael Kelly, Simon Griffin, and Amy Ahern. "A systematic review of inequalities in the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions." In Building Bridges in Medical Science 2021. Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7244/cmj.2021.03.001.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: It has been suggested that interventions focusing on individual behaviour change, such as behavioural weight management interventions, may exacerbate health inequalities. These intervention-generated inequalities may occur at different stages, including intervention uptake, adherence and effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review to synthesise evidence on how different measures of inequality moderate the uptake of, adherence to and effectiveness of behavioural weight management interventions in adults. Methods: We updated a previous systematic literature review from the US Preventive Services Taskforce to identify trials of behavioural weight management interventions in adults that could be conducted in or recruited from primary care. Medline, Cochrane database (CENTRAL) and PsycINFO were searched. Only randomised controlled trials and cluster-randomised controlled trials were included. Two investigators independently screened articles for eligibility and conducted risk of bias assessment. We curated publication families for eligible trials. The PROGRESS-Plus acronym (place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social capital, plus other discriminating factors) was used to consider a comprehensive range of health inequalities. Data on trial uptake, intervention adherence, weight change, and PROGRESS-Plus related-data were extracted. Results: Data extraction in currently underway. A total of 108 studies are included in the review. Data will be synthesised narratively and through the use of Harvest Plots. A Harvest plot for each PROGRESS-Plus criterion will be presented, showing whether each trial found a negative, positive or no health inequality gradient. We will also identify potential sources of unpublished original research data on these factors which can be synthesised through a future individual participant data meta- analysis. Conclusions and implications: The review findings will contribute towards the consideration of intervention-generated inequalities by researchers, policy makers and healthcare and public health practitioners. Authors of trials included in the completed systematic review may be invited to collaborate on a future IPD meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020173242