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Sutcliffe, Alistair G. "Requirements analysis for socio-technical system design." Information Systems 25, no. 3 (May 2000): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4379(00)00016-8.
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Hyer, Nancy Lea, Karen A. Brown, and Sharon Zimmerman. "A socio-technical systems approach to cell design: case study and analysis." Journal of Operations Management 17, no. 2 (December 9, 1998): 179–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6963(98)00034-5.
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Fayoumi, Amjad, Pericles Loucopoulos, and Ayham Fayyoumi. "Hybrid Enterprise Modelling: Integrating Modelling Mechanisms for Socio-Technical Systems Analysis and Design." Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 07, no. 01 (2014): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2014.71002.
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Pereno, Amina, and Silvia Barbero. "Systemic design for territorial enhancement: An overview on design tools supporting socio-technical system innovation." Strategic Design Research Journal 13, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/sdrj.2020.132.02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sustainable transition of the regional and urban systems in which we live represents a crucial challenge for our societies and requires a new integrated vision of the social, environmental, cultural, political and economic dimensions. Territorial systems can be considered as socio-technical systems, made up of a complex network of infrastructure and facilities and also of human interactions and activities. So far, the sustainable innovation of socio-technical systems has often been concerned with the introduction of sustainable technological solutions, but today it is clear how specific solutions must be framed from a systems perspective. The paper aims at providing a comprehensive analysis of the design tools able to support this systemic transition, starting from the analysis of the macro-strategies developed by the transition studies, in particular the Multi-level Perspective model. Through a cross-analysis with the main design fields related to the systemic design domain, four types of tools are highlighted, which aim at (i) establishing learning processes;(ii) building multi-stakeholder networks; (iii) sharing foresight visions; (iv) enhancing green niche innovations. The comparison of the different tools enables pointing out the contribution of systemic design to territorial enhancement, stressing the contact points and potential synergies between different design approaches.
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Mazhar, Samia, Paul Pao-Yen Wu, and Michael Rosemann. "Designing complex socio-technical process systems – the airport example." Business Process Management Journal 25, no. 5 (September 2, 2019): 1101–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-09-2017-0241.
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Purpose A configurable reference model can be used to assist in the development and management of business processes in complex, multi-stakeholder environments. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a process design in such environments via configurable process reference modelling, using airports as an example. Design/methodology/approach Existing reference modelling methods around process modelling, merging and configuration are extended to include contextual and spatial factors using the design science methodology. The approach is empirically based on a set of business process management notation (BPMN) models for international passenger departures, consolidated from five Australian airport case studies via document analysis, interviews and observation. Findings The use of contextual factors and operational scenarios, structured using the proposed approach, facilitated efficient cross-organisational comparison for configuring processes to suit the needs of a target organisation. The resulting configurable model integrates the perspectives of organisational stakeholder groups with that of the customer in a transparent and unambiguous graphical representation. It is a reusable tool with low data collection needs for each use. Research limitations/implications Future research should include: version management; how to keep the model current; configurability via modelling objects other than gateways; and cross-discipline application (e.g. as a foundation for quantitative decision-making models). Originality/value This is the first reported application of configurable reference modelling to airport passenger facilitation. Methodological contributions include the addition of space-sensitive process elements and notation to BPMN; guidelines for systematically deriving contextual factors associated with process variants across similar organisations; and overall normative guidelines for inductively developing a configurable process reference model.
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St-Maurice, Justin, and Catherine M. Burns. "Using Comparative Cognitive Work Analysis to Identify Design Priorities in Complex Socio-Technical Systems." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 4, no. 1 (June 2015): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857915041019.
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Bednar, Peter M., Christine Welch, and Christopher Milner. "Excellence in Practice through a Socio-Technical, Open Systems Approach to Process Analysis and Design." International Journal of Systems and Society 3, no. 1 (January 2016): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijss.2016010108.
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Nowadays, organizations pursue their aims in a context of distributed collaboration, creating a need not only for supporting work systems, but for a human-centred focus in which individual and group sense-making and learning are supported by appropriate toolsets. The authors argue that development of such toolsets requires an open systems approach. This paper discusses examples of such approaches, including non-competitive benchmarking (NCB), as a vehicle for knowledge transfer, leading to process improvement and potential for enhanced organizational performance. The paper goes on to discuss tools and techniques that may be used to support desire to reflect upon ‘best practice' in socio-technical design, without losing contextual relevance in design. The authors use these examples to explore ways in which engaged actors may be supported to create and share their contextually-dependent tacit knowledge. The foundation of open systems approaches is discussed, showing how socio-technical approaches continue to have relevance today.
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Borycki, E. M., and A. W. Kushniruk. "Towards an Integrative Cognitive-Socio-Technical Approach in Health Informatics: Analyzing Technology-Induced Error Involving Health Information Systems to Improve Patient Safety." Open Medical Informatics Journal 4, no. 1 (September 15, 2010): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874431101004010181.
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The purpose of this paper is to argue for an integration of cognitive and socio-technical approaches to assessing the impact of health information systems. Historically, health informatics research has examined the cognitive and socio-technical aspects of health information systems separately. In this paper we argue that evaluations of health information systems should consider aspects related to cognition as well as socio-technical aspects including impact on workflow (i.e. an integrated view). Using examples from the study of technology-induced error in healthcare, we argue for the use of simulations to evaluate the cognitive-socio-technical impacts of health information technology [36]. Implications of clinical simulations and analysis of cognitive-social-technical impacts are discussed within the context of the system development life cycle to improve health information system design, implementation and evaluation.
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Fayoumi, Amjad, and Richard Williams. "An integrated socio-technical enterprise modelling: A scenario of healthcare system analysis and design." Journal of Industrial Information Integration 23 (September 2021): 100221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100221.
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Wickramasinghe, Nilmini, Sebastian Luber, Carolin Durst, and Fabian Wiser. "Development of an activity theory-based framework for the analysis and design of socio-technical systems." International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations 23, no. 3 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnvo.2020.10029277.
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Durst, Carolin, Fabian Wiser, Sebastian Luber, and Nilmini Wickramasinghe. "Development of an activity theory-based framework for the analysis and design of socio-technical systems." International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations 23, no. 3 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijnvo.2020.109322.
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Bednar, Peter, and Christine Elizabeth Welch. "Contextual inquiry and socio-technical practice." Kybernetes 43, no. 9/10 (November 3, 2014): 1310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2014-0156.
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Purpose – During discussions at the ASC 2013 Conference, the authors were stimulated to consider acting, learning and understanding in the context of organizational change, and in particular the relationship between organizational actors and external analysts. The purpose of this paper is to review from a cybernetic perspective how a socio-technical toolbox can help to facilitate organizational change, and to examine issues involved in use of such a toolbox by organizational actors supported by expert analysts. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is conceptual and adopts a critical stance, i.e. to provide support for emancipation of individuals through ownership and control of their own analyses. Findings – Drawing on work by e.g. Bateson, the authors consider organizations as dynamic and complex human activity systems, and how actors can be helped to develop a productive learning “spiral” of acting and reflecting by means of a proposed socio-technical toolbox. Acting and reflecting upon action can be seen to form a “double helix” of learning, leading to richer understandings of contextual dependencies. Engaged actors need support to surface their contextually dependent understandings, individual and collectively and engage in a “dance of change”. Practical implications – Change is endemic in organizational life. When engaging with change activity that attempts to address complexity (as opposed to complicatedness), contextual experts need to be the key decision takers. This means a redistribution not only of responsibility and action but also decision-taking power. Originality/value – The paper suggests augmentation of traditional socio-technical methods to address dynamic complexity.
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Lintern, Gavan. "Integration of Cognitive Requirements into System Design." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 3 (September 2005): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900306.
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The products of cognitive analysis are rarely used effectively in the design of complex, first-of-a-kind systems. This project is motivated by the assumption that those products do not explicitly reveal their design the implications. On the other hand, the analyses undertaken by Systems Engineers do not capture the essential properties of cognitive requirements. The work described here is aimed at developing a computer-supported system that can support dialog between Cognitive Engineers and Systems Engineers as they seek to resolve design issues surrounding cognitive requirements. This project is in its first phase. The preliminary work has demonstrated how a Brahms model might be used to develop a prototype of a socio-technical system based on cognitive specifications developed from a Work Domain Analysis.
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Akimova, Anna Yu, and Aleksander A. Oboznov. "The Psychological Space of Professionals’ Trust and Distrust in Socio-Technical Systems." Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 15, no. 1 (2022): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/pir.2022.0102.
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Background. The spatial aspect of professionals’ trust and distrust in socio-technical systems has not been sufficiently explored. The study of its structure, criteria for spatial distribution, and interrelationships of elements is of both scientific and practical interest. Objective. To perform a comparative analysis of the trust and distrust experienced by professional operators in a socio-technical system of subject–subject and subject–object interactions. Design. This work is based on A.B. Kupreychenko’s methodological approach to studying trust and distrust in socio-technical systems, adapted by the authors to the railway transport system in Russia. The subjects were 86 locomotive crew members. The main focus was on their trust/distrust in the operation of the socio-technical (railway transport) system, including their workmates, managers, and themselves, as well as the technical objects they operate (locomotives), manufacturers of railway equipment, and conditions of its operation. Results. The authors identified two relatively independent groups of indicators of trust/distrust in subject–subject and subject–object interactions. Trust in the elements of subject–subject interactions (involving workmates, managers, and the study participants themselves as specialists) was reliably higher than their trust in the elements of subject–object interactions (technical objects, manufacturers of railway equipment, and conditions of its operation). The correlations between trust and distrust in the elements of the socio-technical system were positive. Conclusions. Trust and distrust perform the functions of integrating/differentiating elements of a socio-technical system according to their predictability in various operating conditions. The degree of trust/distrust in the system elements and their “location” in the space of trust/distrust are important when professionals make decisions in the course of performing professional actions. The results of the study can be used for designing socio-technical systems to increase the predictability of their operation in unstable conditions.
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Desmond, Dennis B., David Lacey, and Paul Salmon. "Evaluating cryptocurrency laundering as a complex socio-technical system." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 3 (July 2, 2019): 480–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-10-2018-0063.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the findings from a literature review, which aimed to identify previous studies evaluating cryptolaundering from a systems thinking perspective. The aim of this paper is to first confirm that cryptolaundering systems can indeed be defined as complex socio-technical systems and second to present the findings from a systematic review of the literature to determine the extent to which previous research has adopted a systems thinking perspective. Design/methodology/approach The study involved a SLR of studies published in the peer-reviewed literature between 2009 and 2018. Rasmussen’s risk management framework (Rasmussen, 1997) was used to evaluate the extent to which a systems thinking perspective had been adopted. Findings The cryptolaundering process is considered to be a complex socio-technical system. The review demonstrates that no previous studies have defined cryptolaundering as a complex socio-technical system or used systems thinking framework approach to evaluate how criminals, regulatory bodies or law enforcement entities understand processes and assess risk within cryptolaundering systems. It is argued that using such an approach to the cryptolaundering process would likely improve assessing criminal risk analyses of cryptolaundering and assist law enforcement and regulatory bodies with understanding risk management during the laundering of cryptocurrencies. Originality/value Future assessments of cryptolaundering using socio-technical system analytical processes may afford law enforcement and regulatory bodies the opportunity to improve intervention techniques and identify gaps in regulations and enforcement.
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Valdivia Dabringer, M. L., A. Dybov, C. Fresemann, and R. Stark. "Towards Integrated Safety Analysis as Part of Traceable Model-Based Systems Engineering." Proceedings of the Design Society 2 (May 2022): 2005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.203.
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AbstractCurrently systems grow in complexity and more aspects, such as socio-technical aspects or the obligation to produce proof become more important. Both require a safety analysis on the system level early in the design process. System overview is provided by MBSE, while safety analysis is provided for example by FMEA. Both processes are executed organizationally and timely separated from each other. This research proposes a concept and a tool integration at the concept design phase, during system definition and functional decomposition and evaluates the effect and its potential applicability.
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Ngowi, Lucas, Ellen Kalinga, and Nerey Mvungi. "Socio-Technical Perspective for Electronic Tax Information System in Tanzania." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 40, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v40i1.714.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Socio-technical systems theory has rarely been used by system architects in setting up computing systems. However, the role of socio-technical concepts in computing, which is becoming social in nature, has made the concepts more relevant and commercial. Tax information systems are examples of such systems because they are influenced by external variables such as the political environment, technological trends, and social environment, introducing complexity in their deployment and determining the type of e-services and their delivery to a diverse group of people. It was observed that in Tanzania there is resistance, reluctance and minimal use of electronic tax system because of insufficient end-user support and their involvement in constructing the system. Therefore, there is need to develop an electronic tax information system using socio-technical systems perspectives to ensure design of an efficient user-friendly tax administration system. The research used the qualitative approach, featuring case studies in Korea, Chile, Tanzania, and Denmark. The study used best practices from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to benchmark Tanzania Revenue Authority current practices. It was found that tax models implemented are techno-centric push models, which don’t attract its use by tax payers and requiring human intervention in its operation, hence not cost-effective. As the first and relevant phase in socio-technical system development, this paper presents the problem definition and analysis of e-Tax collection system in Tanzania.
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Gabriel, Stefan, Dominik Bentler, Eva-Maria Grote, Caroline Junker, David Meyer zu Wendischhoff, Michael Bansmann, Benedikt Latos, Daniela Hobscheidt, Arno Kühn, and Roman Dumitrescu. "Requirements analysis for an intelligent workforce planning system: a socio-technical approach to design AI-based systems." Procedia CIRP 109 (2022): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.05.274.
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Waseem, Ashraf Ali, Zubair Ahmed Shaikh, and Aqeel-ur Rehman. "E-Governance Service System Readiness Assessment Framework from CSCW’s Perspective." January 2019 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1901.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Growing E-Participation services compel democratic governments to re-examine their E-Governance service system readiness assessment models with respect to their usability, effectiveness and participatory governance. In practice, the open government data, E-Participation initiatives, and their integration levels, are essential ingredients of E-Governance service systems. The debate about what constitutes E-Governance success, their quantifiable and qualitative variables, their divergent socio-technical dependencies, etc. is still on-going. E-Governance has emerged as a large-scale socio-technical and human centered problem space. We, therefore, assert that HCI (Human Computer Interaction) based system modeling and its supporting socio-technical tools and technologies can effectively be used to design and develop E-participatory governance systems. The research gap analysis highlights a stark paradox by showing a weak correlation between UN (United Nation) provided E-Participation Index and a perceived governance index. As a result, the authors in this paper propose an exclusive human centered and socio-technical design of E-GovSSRA (E-Governance Service System Readiness Assessment) framework by redefining E-Participation model in HCIs CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work) perspective that aimed to present relatively strong correlation with a perceived governance index.
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de Souza, Ivenio, Ana Rosa, Mario Vidal, Mohammad Najjar, Ahmed Hammad, and Assed Haddad. "Information Technologies in Complex Socio-Technical Systems Based on Functional Variability: A Case Study on HVAC Maintenance Work Orders." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031049.
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Information technology (IT) systems are known to promote improvements in quality and productivity of the work environments of complex and adaptive socio-technical systems that span hardware, community and software aspects. Systems development lies in eliciting and specifying requirements. However, current requirements of elicitation techniques are limited to correctly understanding the complexity involved in socio-technical systems. Therefore, approaches based on Resilience Engineering can provide concepts and methods for a better understanding of socio-technical systems’ functioning. This study aims to increase the application of the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) in the requirements elicitation process. Specifically, understanding variability and its role in enhancing the requirements elicitation and specification process for the design/redesign of IT systems in complex socio-technical systems deployed in building maintenance is the main goal. This study proposes the merging of human factors and ergonomics (HFE) and Resilience Engineering concepts with Software Engineering. A case study was performed with workers to produce requirements specifications for work order issuing activity. This case study indicates the usefulness of the proposed approach for the specification of functional requirements to redesign the IT system examined. FRAM enables inferences to be made from hidden or fuzzy situations that are often not expressed by system users or are not detected by the system designer.
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Baloch, Sameen, and Azhar M. Khan. "Linkages between Organization Design Structures, Performance Measurement Systems and Project Performance in Project Based Technical Environment—An Empirical Analysis." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitpm.2013010106.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the socio-technical structures prevailing in technical organizations. It explores relationships that exist between technical and social structures and imperative project management practices, using statistical techniques. The study investigates links between organization design structures, project management performance, multiple dimensions of project managers’ competencies including personal, business knowledge, interpersonal and managerial competencies and project performance. A systematic teardown approach was adopted for the analysis of various competencies. The statistical analysis technique, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was conducted to validate various factors. The results of statistical analysis has shown that organization design structures are not the major determinants, only organizational design structures with functionally structured resource distributions are established as determinants of project management performance. Furthermore, it was proven that the project managers’ competencies have a major influence on project performance. This study will help to improve performance of technical projects and will lay a foundation for the framework of improvement and development of organizations.
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Yin, Likang, Mahasweta Chakraborti, Yibo Yan, Charles Schweik, Seth Frey, and Vladimir Filkov. "Open Source Software Sustainability: Combining Institutional Analysis and Socio-Technical Networks." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555129.
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Sustainable Open Source Software (OSS) forms much of the fabric of our digital society, especially successful and sustainable ones. But many OSS projects do not become sustainable, resulting in abandonment and even risks for the world's digital infrastructure. Prior work has looked at the reasons for this mainly from two very different perspectives. In software engineering, the focus has been on understanding success and sustainability from the socio-technical perspective: the OSS programmers' day-to-day activities and the artifacts they create. In institutional analysis, on the other hand, emphasis has been on institutional designs (e.g., policies, rules, and norms) that structure project governance. Even though each is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of OSS projects, the connection and interaction between the two approaches have been barely explored. In this paper, we make the first effort toward understanding OSS project sustainability using a dual-view analysis, by combining institutional analysis with socio-technical systems analysis. In particular, we (i) use linguistic approaches to extract institutional rules and norms from OSS contributors' communications to represent the evolution of their governance systems, and (ii) construct socio-technical networks based on longitudinal collaboration records to represent each project's organizational structure. We combined the two methods and applied them to a dataset of developer digital traces from 253 nascent OSS projects within the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) incubator. We find that the socio-technical and institutional features relate to each other, and provide complimentary views into the progress of the ASF's OSS projects. Refining these combined analyses can help provide a more precise understanding of the synchronization between the evolution of institutional governance and organizational structure.
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Üreten, Ece, Olamide Olatoye, Adrian Kelly, and Catherine Burns. "Exploring Electric Transmission Operation with Cognitive Work Analysis Models." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (September 2021): 1551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651112.
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Electric power networks are regarded as complex socio-technical systems as they incorporate a wide number of tasks and dynamic data that needs to be monitored continuously. This preliminary study investigated the work environment of electric power transmission and the related control tasks performed by the system operators. These findings shall be incorporated into the design of an ecological interface to improve situation awareness, reduce cognitive workload, and especially support novice operators in training.
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Surkova, Ekaterina, Anna Klonitskaya, and Elena Ermolaeva. "Modeling business processes of complex organizational systems." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 10040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016410040.
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The complex systems of the construction and industrial complex in the study of their properties and the general laws of functioning by methods of mathematical modeling require a systematic approach. Modeling is a complex multi-stage process of researching systems aimed at identifying the properties and patterns inherent in the studied systems in order to improve these systems. This article discusses the mathematical model of a complex socio-economic system, taking into account the quality indicators presented to the processes of this system. The analysis and design of the innovation system in the framework of technical regulation of activities. The result is a fundamentally new model of technical regulation taking into account the time factor in axonometric form.
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Fritsch, Lothar. "Privacy-Respecting Location-Based Service Infrastructures: A Socio-Technical Approach to Requirements Engineering." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer2030018.
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This article presents an approach for the design of location-based information systems that support privacy functionality. Privacy-enhancing technology (PET) has been available for a considerable amount of time. New online applications and infrastructures for mobile and ubiquitous use have been installed. This has been done without usage of available PET, although they are favored by data protection experts. Designers of locationbased services (LBS) create infrastructures for business or application specific purposes. They have profitoriented views on the rationale for PET deployment. Finally, users have requirements that might be neither on the PET community’s nor on the business people's agenda. Many disciplines provide knowledge about the construction of community-spanning information systems. The challenge for designers of infrastructures and applications is to find a consensus that models all stakeholders’ interests – and takes advantage all involved community’s knowledge. This paper groups LBS stakeholders into a framework based onto a sociological knowledge construct called “boundary object”. For this purpose, a taxonomical analysis of publications in the stakeholder communities is performed. Then the paper proposes a socio-technical approach. Its goal is to find a suitable privacy design for a LBS infrastructure based on the boundary object. Topics for further interdisciplinary research efforts are identified and proposed for discussion.
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Aseeri, Maher, and Kyeong Kang. "Big data, oriented-organizational culture, and business performance: A socio-technical approach." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 4 (October 17, 2022): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(4).2022.05.
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This paper experimentally examines the impact of oriented-organizational culture that could support big data analytics (BDA) in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, this study analyzed the effect of oriented-organizational culture (OC) on big data tasks (BDTs) toward improving decision-making (DM) and organization performance (OP). The study hinged on the theory of socio-technical systems to investigate BDA elements in higher education decision-making in Saudi Arabia. The analysis was conducted using a quantitative survey research design where data were collected from 270 IT staff working in Saudi Arabian HEIs using Qualtrics. PLS-SEM was applied to validate the research data and explore the relationship between the proposed hypotheses. The findings show that oriented-organizational culture positively affected big data tasks, i.e., storing, analyzing, and visualizing. Similarly, oriented-organizational culture positively affects improving decision-making by top management in Saudi Arabian universities. OC also positively influences the performance of Saudi Arabian universities. Improving decision-making by top management has a positive impact on enhancing the overall university’s performance. However, big data tasks, i.e., storing, analyzing, and visualizing, negatively affect improving decision-making by top management in Saudi Arabian HEIs. One of the study limitations is the small sample size; future studies should include private and public universities to alter the expected outcomes. Additional technological elements, such as IT infrastructure at Saudi Arabia’s private and public HEIs, are recommended to be considered in future studies to establish the competence of respective IT infrastructure. AcknowledgmentThe authors wish to thank the Problems and Perspectives in Management Journal editors for their valuable time and assistance in improving the manuscript.
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Nyame, Gabriel, and Zhiguang Qin. "Precursors of Role-Based Access Control Design in KMS: A Conceptual Framework." Information 11, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11060334.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Role-based access control (RBAC) continues to gain popularity in the management of authorization concerning access to knowledge assets in organizations. As a socio-technical concept, the notion of role in RBAC has been overemphasized, while very little attention is given to the precursors: role strain, role ambiguity, and role conflict. These constructs provide more significant insights into RBAC design in Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). KMS is the technology-based knowledge management tool used to acquire, store, share, and apply knowledge for improved collaboration and knowledge-value creation. In this paper, we propose eight propositions that require future research concerning the RBAC system for knowledge security. In addition, we propose a model that integrates these precursors and RBAC to deepen the understanding of these constructs. Further, we examine these precursory constructs in a socio-technical fashion relative to RBAC in the organizational context and the status–role relationship effects. We carried out conceptual analysis and synthesis of the relevant literature, and present a model that involves the three essential precursors that play crucial roles in role mining and engineering in RBAC design. Using an illustrative case study of two companies where 63 IT professionals participated in the study, the study established that the precursors positively and significantly increase the intractability of the RBAC system design. Our framework draws attention to both the management of organizations and RBAC system developers about the need to consider and analyze the precursors thoroughly before initiating the processes of policy engineering, role mining, and role engineering. The propositions stated in this study are important considerations for future work.
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Baroni, Pietro, Daniela Fogli, Massimiliano Giacomin, Giovanni Guida, Loredana Parasiliti Provenza, Michele Rossi, Marko Bohanec, and Martin Žnidaršič. "A Participatory Approach to Designing Decision Support Systems in Emergency Management." International Journal of Decision Support System Technology 6, no. 1 (January 2014): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdsst.2014010104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article presents a participatory design approach to Decision Support Systems, which is specifically built to face the socio-technical gap that often impedes DSS acceptability by end-users in real work environments. The approach has been experimented in two case studies in the field of health-related emergencies, namely earthquake and pandemic flu. The application of the approach and the results obtained are described with specific focus on the phases of requirement analysis and system evaluation.
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Bolgov, M. V. "Risk analysis of management of water systems in the Russian Federation." Issues of Risk Analysis 19, no. 6 (December 25, 2022): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/1812-5220-2022-19-6-86-98.
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The management of the water management complex is based on the analysis of a large number of processes developing in systems that are techno-natural in nature, on the one hand, and in complex socio-economic systems affecting the whole society as a whole, on the other. The management methods implemented in practice today are based mainly on the analysis of the functioning of individual parts (individual processes) of the system, ideas about the processes under consideration are often not consistent, especially when it comes to technical and social systems. Regulatory management methods, including technical regulation, are considered separately. Socio-economic processes at different levels of temporal and spatial organization are investigated and predicted independently. At the same time, of course, regulatory legal knowledge is taken into account, but resource restrictions may fall out or be ignored, society is immune to instructions and recommendations lowered from above, legal nihilism takes place, the problem of qualification of decision-makers arises, etc.Certain possibilities for analyzing such situations are provided by risk theory methods. The purpose of the article is to analyze the risks arising at various stages of justifying water management measures, from design to strategies for the development of the industry as a whole. In particular, traditional methods of engineering calculations are considered, which ensure a given level of reliability of the designed water construction facilities in relation to hazardous impacts (loads), which are based on the concept of design probabilities. This approach provides a normative level of reliability, but does not guarantee the economic optimality of decisions made, is insufficient to implement the social functions of measures and structures, and is difficult to analyze environmental problems. Obtaining quantitative estimates of the parameters of structures and measures, carried out on the basis of probabilistic approaches, should be based at least on taking into account the possible consequences of decisions taken, as well as on damage assessments expressed in the form of relevant risks.
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J. Hester, Andrea. "Socio-technical systems theory as a diagnostic tool for examining underutilization of wiki technology." Learning Organization 21, no. 1 (January 7, 2014): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tlo-10-2012-0065.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine organizational information systems based on Web 2.0 technology as socio-technical systems that involve interacting relationships among actors, structure, tasks and technology. Alignment within the relationships may facilitate increased technology use; however, gaps in alignment may impede technology use and result in poor performance or system failure. The technology examined is an organizational wiki used for collaborative knowledge management. Design/methodology/approach – Results of a survey administered to employees of an organization providing cloud computing services are presented. The research model depicts the socio-technical component relationships and their influence on use of the wiki. Hierarchical latent variable modelling is used to operationalize the six main constructs. Hypotheses propose that as alignment of a relationship increases, wiki use increases. The partial least squares (PLS) method is used to examine the hypotheses. Findings – Based on the results, increased perceptions of alignment among technology and structure increase wiki use. Further analysis indicates that low usage may be linked to gaps in alignment. Many respondents with lower usage scores also indicated “low alignment” among actor-task, actor-technology, and task-structure. Research limitations/implications – The sample size is rather small; however, results may give an indication as to the appropriateness of dimensions chosen to represent the alignment relationships. Socio-technical systems theory (STS) is often utilized in qualitative studies. This paper introduces a measurement instrument designed to evaluate STS through quantitative analysis. Practical implications – User acceptance and change management continue to be important topics for both researchers and practitioners. The model proposed here provides measures that may reveal predictive indicators for increased information system use. Alternatively, practitioners may be able to utilize a diagnostic tool as presented here to assess underlying factors that may be impeding effective technology utilization. Originality/value – The paper presents a diagnostic tool that may help management to better uncover misaligned relationships leading to underutilization of technology. Practical advice and guidelines are provided allowing for a plan to rectify the situation and improve technology usage and performance outcomes.
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Zinko, Roman, Taras Kruts, and Andriy Polyakov. "Analysis of methods of creating new technical systems." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Transport 16, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2413-4503-2022-16-2-30-41.
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The creation of new technical systems takes place on the basis of design methods that take into account the psychological processes of human thinking (the main actions of division, union, comparison and permutation can be considered among them. Other actions are their derivatives), as well as the laws of the development of technical systems. The definition of these processes is given. The proposed classification of design (invention) methods, which may change depending on the selected criterion. According to the sign of generality, methods of invention can be divided into general, general and partial methods of invention. Universal methods of invention relate to the widest possible range of issues and are included among the strategic means of solving inventive tasks. General methods of invention are used to solve a wide range of inventive tasks in various fields of technology. Such methods include the methods of heuristic analogy, heuristic combination, heuristic inversion, etc. Partial methods of invention include methods designed to solve special inventive tasks or tasks in a defined, as a rule, narrow field of technology. They include, for example, the method of converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion, the remote hybridization method, the compounding method, etc. The process of creating new technical systems is generally divided into three phases (stages), which are called differently: 1) divergence, analysis, collection, accumulation of knowledge; 2) transformation, synthesis, maturation, incubation - ends with enlightenment; 3) convergence, assessment, control, verification. The stages of design are described from the point of view of the formation of the necessary direction of improvement of technical systems and the further formation of a rational structure using the mechanism of joint disjunction.
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Diemuodeke, Ogheneruona E., Michael Orji, Clinton Ikechukwu, Yacob Mulugetta, Youba Sokona, and Ifeanyi Henry Njoku. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar e-Cooking Systems for Rural Communities in Nigeria." Advances in Science and Technology 107 (June 28, 2021): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.107.203.
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This paper presents solar PV electric cooking systems to fill the gap of clean energy stove demand in Africa and in particular in rural communities. The design analyses of four different solar PV electric cooking configurations, based on resistive burner and induction burner, are presented. The levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of the solar PV induction e-cooking, with battery storage, is 0.39 $/kWh. Sensitivity analysis was done to ascertain the affordability range of solar PV e-cooking. It was shown that the combination of the reduced cost of investment and good sunshine would most likely make the solar PV induction e-cooking competitive. However, the acceptability of the solar PV induction cooking will require addressing some important technical, economic, policy and socio-cultural related barriers.
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Lintern, Gavan, Diane Miller, and Keith Baker. "Work Centered Design of a Usaf Mission Planning System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 3 (September 2002): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600366.
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In large-scale socio-technical systems such as military command and control, operators must work with complex and dynamic information from many diverse sources. For this project, we used the Cognitive Work Analysis and Ecological Interface Design frameworks to design a virtual workspace for the USAF work domain of Special Assignment Airlift Mission planning. Based on information made available through the analysis, we developed a workspace prototype in which multiple View-Ports house distinct functional requirements and in which options are made available to link various View-Port functionalities in the mission planning process. In this paper we illustrate how we bridged the gap between analysis and design by developing a link from the analytic products of our Cognitive Work Analysis to the design of the ecological workspace.
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Mohammed Alashwal, Ali, and Hamzah Abdul-Rahman. "Aspects of project learning in construction: a socio-technical model." Construction Innovation 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-06-2013-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the measurement constructs of learning within construction projects' milieu. The literature indicated some mechanisms of learning in projects under four aspects, namely knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, team action to learn, and learning support. The empirical study attempts to verify whether intra-project learning can be measured through these aspects. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a survey method to collect the data from 36 mega-sized building projects in Malaysia. In total, 203 questionnaires were collected from professionals working in the sites of these projects. The data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the constructs of intra-project learning. Partial least squares-path modeling was used then to confirm the results of PCA and determine the contribution of each construct to intra-project learning. Findings – The results affirmed two constructs of intra-project learning, named, social and technical and each consisted of four indicators of learning. Originality/value – The paper emphasized the socio-technical perspective of learning and contributed to developing a hierarchical measurement model of learning in construction project. A project manager can propose new initiatives in response to the new perspective of learning for team building and continuous development. Lastly, the paper provides a comprehensive presentation of how to estimate the hierarchical measurement models of project learning as a latent variable.
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Jones, Keith S., Barbara Cherry, Dennis J. Harris, and Mohan Sridharan. "Formative Analysis of Aging in Place: Implications for the Design of Caregiver Robots." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601770.
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Many have conceptualized caregiver robots as consumer products and studied elders’ perceived needs afor and preferences about such products. For reviews, please see (Broadbent, Stafford, & MacDonald, 2009; Jones & Schmidlin, 2011). That approach, though, could create robots that cannot satisfy elders’ actual caregiving needs. Alternatively, one can conceptualize caregiver robots as workers in complex socio-technical systems. To do so, one would need a detailed account of the caregiving that takes place in elders’ homes. Unfortunately, as noted in a National Research Council (2011) report, such a detailed account of caregiving does not exist. Accordingly, we sought to develop such an account. There are many ways to analyze work (for a discussion of general approaches, see Vicente, 1999). They can be categorized into 3 general types: normative, descriptive, and formative approaches (Vicente, 1999). We adopted a formative approach because formative approaches are tailored to the analysis of complex socio-technical systems (Vicente, 1999). They capture work requirements without specifying how that work must be done or who must do it. For example, the constraint “must not lose track of time” captures a work requirement but allows the associated work to be accomplished in a number of different ways (e.g., by checking a clock, setting an alarm) and by a number of different entities (e.g., family member, caregiver robot). To conduct our analysis, researchers observed caregiving in elders’ homes, and interviewed caregivers about their work activities. Researchers then organized their findings into an Abstraction Hierarchy (AH; Vicente, 1999), that is, a detailed account of the aging in place socio-technical system. Our primary aim was to create an AH that describes means-ends relations between the complex socio-technical caregiving system’s overall objectives, work tasks, and physical resources. Such a description provides a detailed account of the caregiving work domain, and serves as the foundation for subsequent formative analyses of caregiving. To create the AH, research team members completed 4 steps: 1) analyzing existing caregiving documentation, 2) observing caregiving and interviewing caregivers, 3) drafting and/or refining the AH, and 4) validating the AH. Steps 2 and 3 were iterative. This process is consistent with Naikar, Hopcraft, and Moylan’s (2005) recommendations regarding formative analyses. The AH made clear that caregiving for those who age in place is a complex and nuanced activity. More specifically, our analysis confirmed existing research regarding categories of caregiving tasks and revealed aspects of caregiving that have not been detailed so far. The existing literature indicates that caregivers assist older adults with self-maintenance activities of daily life (ADLs), such as eating, toileting, and dressing (Lawton, 1990), instrumental activities of daily life (IADLs), such as cooking, cleaning, and shopping (Lawton, 1990), and enhanced activities of daily life (EADLs), such as participating in social activities and pursuing hobbies (Rogers, et al., 1998). Our analysis confirmed those findings, and our AH provides a more detailed account of those tasks than was previously available. Our analysis also revealed aspects of caregiving for those who are aging in place that have not been detailed thus far in the research literature. For example, our AH contains a purpose-related function called Counseling, which concerns ensuring that the elder does not experience psychological distress. To perform this function, the caregiver must understand the elder’s situation (e.g., a family conflict), use information about that situation (e.g., experience with relevant family members and/or past conflicts; the elders’ past choices), and offer the elder advice about how to proceed (e.g., which family member’s advice to follow). The main implication of our AH for the design of caregiver robots is that such robots cannot be designed to perform purpose-related functions in a one-size-fits-all way; rather, caregiver robots must exhibit context-conditioned variability (Vicente, 1999). Our AH has many other important implications for the design of caregiver robots, which unfortunately cannot be detailed here due to space constraints.
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Swist, Teresa, Liam Magee, Judy Phuong, and David Sweeting. "The labour of communicating publics: Participatory platforms, socio-technical intermediaries and pluralistic expertise." Communication and the Public 2, no. 3 (August 3, 2017): 210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057047317719294.
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Kolorob is a participatory platform connecting informal settlement communities with services and informal jobs in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Alongside technological systems, expertise from community, non-government, private-sector, volunteer and academic fields has been integral to the platform’s development. These socio-technical connections and networks, manifest through participatory design, agile software development and collaborative knowledge practices, have become productively entangled in the labour of platform production. We introduce a framework, participatory platform analysis, through which distinct layers – in the form of audiences, intermediaries, interfaces and databases – of this labour can be distinguished and examined. Our analysis draws upon focus group discussions, conducted in Mirpur in 2016 with emergent experts: youth facilitators, field officers and developers. We argue that the interests and tensions of co-designing participatory platforms relating to matters of public concern in South Asian mega-cities are reflective of the rising hybridity of expertise, generated through both institutional training and grass-roots practice, in contemporary urban life. The ‘narrative of expertise in the future’ compels us to recode knowledge production in the here and now: how we are making participatory platforms, the role of socio-technical expertise and the labour of communicating publics.
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Uribe-Castañeda, Natalia, Alice Newton, and Martin Le Tissier. "Coral Reef Socio-Ecological Systems Analysis & Restoration." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 4490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124490.
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Restoration strategies for coral reefs are usually focused on the recovery of bio-physical characteristics. They seldom include an evaluation of the recovery of the socio-ecological and ecosystem services features of coral reef systems. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to address both the socio-ecological system features of coral reefs with the implementation of restoration activity for degraded coral reefs. Such a framework can lead to better societal outcomes from restoration activities while restoring bio-physical, social and ecosystem service features of such systems. We first developed a Socio Ecological System Analysis Framework, which combines the Ostrom Framework for analyzing socio-ecological systems and the Kittinger et al. human dimensions framework of coral reefs socio-ecological systems. We then constructed a Restoration of Coral Reef Framework, based on the most used and recent available coral reef restoration literature. These two frameworks were combined to present a Socio-Ecological Systems & Restoration Coral Reef Framework. These three frameworks can be used as a guide for managers, researchers and decision makers to analyze the needs of coral reef restoration in a way that addresses both socio-economic and ecological objectives to analyze, design, implement and monitor reef restoration programs.
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Bakic, Vukman, Milada Pezo, Marina Jovanovic, Valentina Turanjanin, and Biljana Vucicevic. "Technical analysis of photovoltaic/wind systems with hydrogen storage." Thermal Science 16, no. 3 (2012): 865–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120306132b.
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The technical analysis of a hybrid wind-photovoltaic energy system with hydrogen gas storage was studied. The market for the distributed power generation based on renewable energy is increasing, particularly for the standalone mini-grid applications. The main design components of PV/Wind hybrid system are the PV panels, the wind turbine and an alkaline electrolyzer with tank. The technical analysis is based on the transient system simulation program TRNSYS 16. The study is realized using the meteorological data for a Typical Metrological Year (TMY) for region of Novi Sad, Belgrade cities and Kopaonik national park in Serbia. The purpose of the study is to design a realistic energy system that maximizes the use of renewable energy and minimizes the use of fossil fuels. The reduction in the CO2 emissions is also analyzed in the paper.
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Yusof, Maryati, and Mohamad Norzamani Sahroni. "Investigating health information systems-induced errors." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 31, no. 8 (October 8, 2018): 1014–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-07-2017-0125.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a review of health information system (HIS)-induced errors and its management. This paper concludes that the occurrence of errors is inevitable but it can be minimised with preventive measures. The review of classifications can be used to evaluate medical errors related to HISs using a socio-technical approach. The evaluation could provide an understanding of errors as a learning process in managing medical errors. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was performed on issues, sources, management and approaches to HISs-induced errors. A critical review of selected models was performed in order to identify medical error dimensions and elements based on human, process, technology and organisation factors. Findings Various error classifications have resulted in the difficulty to understand the overall error incidents. Most classifications are based on clinical processes and settings. Medical errors are attributed to human, process, technology and organisation factors that influenced and need to be aligned with each other. Although most medical errors are caused by humans, they also originate from other latent factors such as poor system design and training. Existing evaluation models emphasise different aspects of medical errors and could be combined into a comprehensive evaluation model. Research limitations/implications Overview of the issues and discourses in HIS-induced errors could divulge its complexity and enable its causal analysis. Practical implications This paper helps in understanding various types of HIS-induced errors and promising prevention and management approaches that call for further studies and improvement leading to good practices that help prevent medical errors. Originality/value Classification of HIS-induced errors and its management, which incorporates a socio-technical and multi-disciplinary approach, could guide researchers and practitioners to conduct a holistic and systematic evaluation.
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Dijk, Marc, Joop de Kraker, and Anique Hommels. "Anticipating Constraints on Upscaling from Urban Innovation Experiments." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 2796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082796.
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The upscaling of innovations from urban experiments is often assumed to be relatively easy, as if they can simply be ‘rolled out’. In practice, however, upscaling is usually constrained by a range of factors in the wider context of the innovation, typically a context of interconnected and ‘obdurate’ urban socio-technical networks and institutions. Innovation studies have used the notion of upscaling from experiments most explicitly in studies of transitions, especially of strategic niche management (SNM) and transition management (TM). However, these studies have focused more on niche internal dynamics and future visions, respectively, and much less on constraints in the present socio-institutional context. This paper offers a conceptual contribution on ‘constraints on upscaling’, elaborating on how upscaling can be more effective when constraints on upscaling are first identified in retrospective systems analysis, and then anticipated in the design of urban experiments. Our focus is on innovation in urban mobility systems. After a conceptualization of ‘constraints on upscaling’, based on a review of the literature of transition, social innovation, geography and science & technology studies, we present a retrospective analysis of urban mobility in Maastricht (NL) in which these interrelated constraints can be recognized. Further, we analyze a pilot on electric bus mobility which was relatively successful in anticipating future constraints. Based on this, we offer some guidelines on how to anticipate upscaling in the design of urban experiments with socio-technical innovations.
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Anticoli, Linda, and Elio Toppano. "How Culture May Influence Ontology Co-Design." International Journal of Information Technology and Web Engineering 6, no. 2 (April 2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitwe.2011040101.
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This article addresses the issue of cultural influence in ontology design and reuse. The main assumption is that an ontology is not only a socio-technical artefact but also a cultural artefact. It contains embedded assumptions, core values, points of view, beliefs, thought patterns, etc. Based on results already found in several design fields the authors formulate some preliminary hypotheses about the possible relationships existing between culture and features of design process and produced ontology. A critical and qualitative analysis of six collaborative design systems has been performed to test some of the hypotheses, confirming some of the findings. The authors argue that a “culture aware” attitude may be of great importance for supporting the processes of cross cultural collaborative ontology design and the internalization and localization of these kinds of artefacts.
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Santos, Athila, Zheng Ma, Casper Olsen, and Bo Jørgensen. "Framework for Microgrid Design Using Social, Economic, and Technical Analysis." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102832.
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Microgrids are emerging as feasible solutions to handle local energy systems. Several factors influence the development of such systems, such as technical, economic, social, legal, and regulatory issues. These important aspects need to be addressed to design appropriate microscale projects that take into consideration adequate technology without underestimating local characteristics. This article aims to propose a framework design for microgrid optimization using technical, social, and economic analysis. The framework is presented through a small island case study that shows each step of the method. As a contribution, this work provides a multi-objective optimization framework with different criteria consideration, such as the inhabitants’ cost of living and inter-cultural aspects, instead of traditional technical and economic analysis. The results show the applicability of the proposed framework showing better alternatives when compared with actual or future improvements in the study case scenario.
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de la Rosa, Juan, and Stan Ruecker. "The unintended consequences of embedded values in socio-technical systems: A critical reflection using formal analysis of speedometers in customer vehicles." Design Journal 22, sup1 (April 1, 2019): 1723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2019.1595004.
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Gubala, Vladimir, Reinhild Klein, Douglas M. Templeton, and Michael Schwenk. "Immunodiagnostics and immunosensor design (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 86, no. 10 (October 21, 2014): 1539–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2013-1027.
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Abstract This work compiles information on the principles of diagnostic immunochemical methods and the recent advances in this field. It presents an overview of modern techniques for the production of diagnostic antibodies, their modification with the aim of improving their diagnostic potency, the different types of immunochemical detection systems, and the increasing diagnostic applications for human health that include specific disease markers, individualized diagnosis of cancer subtypes, therapeutic and addictive drugs, food residues, and environmental contaminants. A special focus lies in novel developments of immunosensor techniques, promising approaches to miniaturized detection units and the associated microfluidic systems. The trends towards high-throughput systems, multiplexed analysis, and miniaturization of the diagnostic tools are discussed. It is also made evident that progress in the last few years has largely relied on novel chemical approaches.
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ABLAEV, A. R., E. V. KHROMOV, R. R. ABLAEV, and A. P. POLYAKOV. "DIGITAL DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF A COMPLEX TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 3 (2021): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2021-347-3-85-90.
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The article investigates the issue of optimization of a complex technical system at the stage of its design using a heuristic–phenomenological approach. The analysis of the principles of complex optimization of complex technical systems is carried out. A four–level structure for the synthesis of methodological, informational and software support for complex optimization of complex technical systems is proposed, which will allow controlling the programmable parameters of complex technical systems at each stage of their design.
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Mendenhall, M. R. "Corporate memory contribution to integrated design and analysis systems." Aeronautical Journal 110, no. 1106 (April 2006): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000001238.
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Abstract The recent decline in the USA aerospace industry has resulted in fewer programs, fewer engineers, and a potential loss of capability for future technology development. As engineers retire or leave the industry, their corporate memory or retained knowledge must be preserved for future use. A process to capture their expert knowledge is described, and a framework which provides a means to retrieve and use this valuable technical information is shown. Four examples of integrated design and analysis systems for four diverse technologies and applications are discussed.
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Gaziulusoy, İdil, and Elif Erdoğan Öztekin. "Design for Sustainability Transitions: Origins, Attitudes and Future Directions." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (June 30, 2019): 3601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133601.
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Sustainability transitions have formed a vast body of literature on theory and practice of transforming socio-technical systems to achieve sustainability over the past few decades. Lately, a new area has been emerging in the design for the sustainability field, where sustainability transitions theories are integrated with design theory, education and practice. This emerging area is referred to as design for sustainability transitions or transition design. In order to build an understanding of the emergence and growth of this area, this article presents an overview of origins, development and current status of design for sustainability transitions drawing on key contributions. We also provide a comparative analysis of these key contributions in regards to their theoretical underpinnings, definitions of sustainability, conceptual framings for the roles of design(ers) and premises of methods and applications.
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Dmitriev, Aleksandr, Tatyana Mitroshkina, and Gennady Rogachev. "Structural and Parametric Analysis of Robust Design Quality of Complex Technical Systems." ITM Web of Conferences 10 (2017): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20171001001.
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Li, Xian-wen. "Technical economic analysis of stabilization ponds." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 12 (June 1, 1995): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0468.
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Employing stabilization pond systems to treat wastewater has the advantages of being economical of energy, easy to operate, and low in operation costs. However, stabilization pond systems have the problem of occupying large areas of land. Therefore, only after an overall technical economic analysis is made can an assessment be made of whether it is feasible to employ a stabilization pond systems to treat wastewater. During the period of the Seventh Five-year Plan of China, the “Study on the Technology of Stabilization Ponds” was set as one of the national scientific and technological key items. Seven experimental bases were established ranging from the north down to the south of China. With the great numbers of operational data obtained from both these bases and the existing stabilization pond systems, an analysis of the composition of the capital outlay in the stabilization pond system construction was made. The analysis shows that the land purchase cost accounts for approximately 60% of the capital outlay in construction and is the most important influencing factor. A comparison between the various costs of stabilization pond systems and those of conventional sewage treatment plant was made. Thereupon two new parameters were put forward: “equal capital land cost” and “upper limit of feasible land cost”. At the same time, a nationwide isogram of these two parameters was plotted. This isogram may be useful for preliminary design and planning purposes, and may be helpful to the users to assess comparatively easily whether its feasible to employ stabilization pond system.
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Steinberg, L. S., and D. H. Gitomer. "Cognitive task analysis and interface design in a technical troubleshooting domain." Knowledge-Based Systems 6, no. 4 (December 1993): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(93)90016-m.
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