Дисертації: "Socio-technical systems analysis and design"

1

Shah, Anuj P. "Analysis of transformations to socio-technical systems using agent based modeling and simulation." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29399.

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2

Ward, Eric D. (Eric Daniel). "A socio-technical systems analysis of change processes in the design of flagship interplanetary missions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107291.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-100).
In the engineering of complex systems, changes to flight hardware or software after initial release can have large impacts on project implementation. Even a comparatively small change on an assembly or subsystem can cascade into a significant amount of rework if it propagates through the system. This can happen when a change affects the interfaces with another subsystem, or if it alters the emergent behavior of the system in a significant way, and is especially critical when subsequent work has already been performed utilizing the initial version. These changes can be driven by new or modified requirements leading to changes in scope, design deficiencies discovered during analysis or test, failures during test, and other such mechanisms. In complex system development, changes are managed through engineering change requests (ECRs) that are communicated to affected elements. While the tracking of changes is critical for the ongoing engineering of a complex project, the ECRs can also reveal trends on the system level that could assist with the management of current and future projects. In an effort to identify systematic trends, this research has analyzed ECRs from two different JPL led space mission projects to classify the change activity and assess change propagation. It employs time analysis of ECR initiation throughout the lifecycle, correlates ECR generators with ECR absorbers, and considers the distribution of ECRs across subsystems. The analyzed projects are the planetary rover mission, Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), and the Earth-orbiting mission, Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP). This analysis has shown that there is some consistency across these projects with regard to which subsystems generate or absorb change. The relationship of the ECRSubsystem networks identifies subsystems that are absorbers of change and others that are generators of change. For the flight systems, the strongest absorbers of change were found to be avionics and the mechanical structure for the spacecraft bus, and the strongest generators of change were concentrated in the payloads. When this attribute is recognized, project management can attempt to close ECR networks by looking for ways to leverage absorbers and avoid multipliers. Alternatively, in cases where changes to a subsystem are undesirable, knowing whether it is an absorber can greatly assist with expectations and planning. This analysis identified some significant differences between the two projects as well. While SMAP followed a relatively well behaved blossom profile across the project, MSL had an avalanche of change leading to the drastic action of re-baselining the launch date. While the official reasoning for the slip of the launch date is based in technical difficulties, the avalanche profile implies that a snowballing of change may have had a significant impact as well. Furthermore, the complexity metrics applied show that MSL has a more complex nature than SMAP, with 269 ECRs in 65 Parent-Child clusters, opposed to 166 in 53 for SMAP, respectively. The Process Complexity metric confirms this, quantitatively measuring the complexity of MSL at 492, compared to 367 for SMAP. These tools and metrics confirm the intuition that MSL, as a planetary rover, is a more complex space mission than SMAP, an earth orbiter.
by Eric D. Ward.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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3

Lee, Seung Man. "Agent-based simulation of socio-technical systems : software architecture and timing mechanisms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24351.

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4

James, Joseph J. "Human Factors and Systems Engineering Analysis for Development of PartiallyAutomated Severe Weather Warning Methodologies." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1620145736332557.

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5

Taeihagh, Araz. "A novel approach for the development of policies for socio-technical systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0183f800-51bf-4e4d-abba-cd91b7bf48f0.

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The growth in the interdependence and complexity of socio-technical systems requires the development of tools and techniques to aid in the formulation of better policies. The efforts of this research focus towards developing methodologies and support tools for better policy design and formulation. In this thesis, a new framework and a systematic approach for the formulation of policies are proposed. Focus has been directed to the interactions between policy measures, inspired by concepts in process design and network analysis. Furthermore, we have developed an agent-based approach to create a virtual environment for the exploration and analysis of different configurations of policy measures in order to build policy packages and test the effects of changes and uncertainties while formulating policies. By developing systematic approaches for the formulation and analysis of policies it is possible to analyse different configuration alternatives in greater depth, examine more alternatives and decrease the time required for the overall analysis. Moreover, it is possible to provide real-time assessment and feedback to the domain experts on the effect of changes in the configurations. These efforts ultimately help in forming more effective policies with synergistic and reinforcing attributes while avoiding internal contradictions. This research constitutes the first step towards the development of a general family of computer-based systems that support the design of policies. The results from this research also demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches in addressing the complexity inherent in the formulation of policies. As a proof of concept, the proposed framework and methodologies have been applied to the formulation of policies that deal with transportation issues and emission reduction, but can be extended to other domains.

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6

Ray, Barua Siddhartha. "A strategic perspective on the commercialization of artificial intelligence : a socio-technical analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122431.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-114).
Many companies are increasing their focus on Artificial Intelligence as they incorporate Machine Learning and Cognitive technologies into their current offerings. Industries ranging from healthcare, pharmaceuticals, finance, automotive, retail, manufacturing and so many others are all trying to deploy and scale enterprise Al systems while reducing their risk. Companies regularly struggle with finding appropriate and applicable use cases around Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning projects. The field of Artificial Intelligence has a rich set of literature for modeling of technical systems that implement Machine Learning and Deep Learning methods. This thesis attempts to connect the literature for business and technology and for evolution and adoption of technology to the emergent properties of Artificial Intelligence systems. The aim of this research is to identify high and low value market segments and use cases within the industries, prognosticate the evolution of different Al technologies and begin to outline the implications of commercialization of such technologies for various stakeholders. This thesis also provides a framework to better prepare business owners to commercialize Artificial Intelligence technologies to satisfy their strategic goals.
by Siddhartha Ray Barua.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
S.M.inEngineeringandManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program

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7

Luo, Yan. "Radical Architecture, Collective Mindfulness, and Information Technology: A Dialectical Analysis of Risk Control in Complex Socio-Technical Systems." online version, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1228450166.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009.
Department of Information Systems, Weatherhead School of Management. Includes bibliographical references. Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

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8

Avnet, Mark Sean. "Socio-cognitive analysis of engineering systems design : shared knowledge, process, and product." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52782.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-222).
This research is based on the well-known but seldom stated premise that the design of complex engineered systems is done by people -- each with their own knowledge, thoughts, and views about the system being designed. To understand the implications of this social dimension, the Integrated Concurrent Engineering (ICE) environment, a real-world setting for conceptual space mission design, is examined from technical and social perspectives. An integrated analysis demonstrates a relationship among shared knowledge, process, and product. The design process is analyzed using a parameter-based Design Structure Matrix (DSM). This model, consisting of 682 dependencies among 172 parameters, is partitioned (reordered) to reveal a tightly coupled design process. Further analysis shows that making starting assumptions about design budgets leads to a straightforward process of well-defined and sequentially executed design iterations. To analyze the social aspects, a network-based model of shared knowledge is proposed. By quantifying team members' common views of design drivers, a network of shared mental models is built to reveal the structure of shared knowledge at a snapshot in time. A structural comparison of pre-session and post-session networks is used to compute a metric of change in shared knowledge. Based on survey data from 12 design sessions, a correlation is found between change in shared knowledge and each of several system attributes, including technological maturity, development time, mass, and cost. Integrated analysis of design process and shared knowledge yields three interdisciplinary insights.
(cont.) First, certain features of the system serve a central role both in the design process and in the development of shared knowledge. Second, change in shared knowledge is related to the design product. Finally, change in shared knowledge and team coordination (agreement between expected and reported interactions) are positively correlated. The thesis contributes to the literature on product development, human factors engineering, and organizational and social psychology. It proposes a rigorous means of incorporating the socio cognitive aspects of design into the practice of systems engineering. Finally, the thesis offers a set of recommendations for the formation and management of ICE design facilities and discusses the applicability of the proposed methodology to the full-scale development of complex engineered systems.
by Mark Sean Avnet.
Ph.D.

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9

Summers, Sarah E. "Systems theoretic process analysis applied to Air Force acquisition technical requirements development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118517.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 183-184).
The Air Force experienced 12 Class A aviation mishaps in 2016, which resulted in 16 fatalities and 9 destroyed aircraft. So far in 2017, The Air Force has again experienced 12 Class A mishaps with 5 fatalities and 7 destroyed aircraft. (1) In addition to these mishaps, development of new aircraft or modifications to aircraft often take well over the planned duration. Developmental test identifies design deficiencies that must be addressed before the aircraft is fielded, which requires expensive and lengthy redesign cycles. A systems approach to design with humans included as part of the system can improve both the development process and aviation safety. Such an approach was created by Professor Nancy Leveson at MIT and is called Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). STPA is shown to be applicable to the Air Force acquisitions process throughout the product lifecycle. STPA is also compliant with the airworthiness handbook, MIL-HDBK-516C, and STPA documentation is beneficial to the airworthiness certification inspectors. STPA is applied to two use cases. One is a conceptual JSTARS aircraft, and the other is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that was modified from a general aviation aircraft. The Air Force is currently in source selection for a replacement to the JSTARS aircraft. The high-level STPA analysis is for a functional replacement to the JSTARS aircraft, as would be needed early in the acquisitions process. Additionally, accidents, hazards, and a safety control structure are developed for the JSTARS support system. The UAV analysis is more detailed, and provides information that is necessary during the Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction phase of an acquisition process.
by Sarah E. Summers.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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10

Babcock, Chris (Christopher E. ). "Evaluating the technical innovation landscape for wind energy's competitive future : a value creation -- value capture analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107501.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2014.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-106).
This thesis utilizes a systems approach to develop a framework to analyze the value creation and value capture potential of technical innovations in the wind energy sector of the electric power industry. Six technical innovations are considered for the analysis, including Grid-Scale Storage, On-Site Manufacturing Systems, Transmission Power Flow Control, Near-Term Forecasting, Long-Term Forecasting and Predictive Maintenance. Several comparative techniques are employed, including Pugh selection, weighted stakeholder occurrence based on stakeholder value networks, and a multi-attribute utility method. The technologies are compared across multiple possible future scenarios and scored based on their value contribution to stakeholders of both the wind power plant as well as the entire electric power system. Of the technical innovations analyzed in this framework, Grid-Scale Storage, On-Site Manufacturing Systems and Predictive Maintenance promise to contribute the greatest value to industry stakeholders and thus are the most likely to improve the competitiveness of the wind industry. A combined application of the multi-attribute utility method with the weighted stakeholder occurrence method based on stakeholder value networks was the most effective in distinguishing value contribution from the technologies. A value creation -- value capture matrix provides a useful method for visualizing value contribution to industry stakeholders and is used to inform commercialization strategy of the selected technologies. In addition, trade plots are utilized for selecting which technologies contribute the highest value across multiple possible future scenarios.
by Chris Babcock.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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11

Meunier, Simon. "Optimal design of photovoltaic water pumping systems for rural communities – a technical, economic and social approach." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS440/document.

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Les systèmes photovoltaïques de pompage d'eau (PVWPS) sont une solution intéressante pour améliorer l’accès à l’eau dans les communautés rurales des pays en voie de développement. Cette thèse développe une méthodologie de conception optimale des PVWPS pour l’accès à l’eau domestique basée sur une approche interdisciplinaire. L’objectif est de déterminer les dimensionnements du PVWPS et ses positions géographiques dans le village qui maximisent l’impact positif du système sur le développement socio-économique et minimisent son coût sur cycle de vie. Cette méthodologie est appliquée au cas d’un village rural du Burkina Faso, où nous avons collecté des données techniques et sociaux-économiques depuis 2 ans. La première originalité principale de ce travail est la modélisation du lien entre la conception du PVWPS et son impact socio-économique, ce qui permet d’inclure l’impact socio-économique comme fonction objectif de l’optimisation. La seconde originalité principale est l’intégration de la position géographique du PVWPS dans le village comme variable d’optimisation, en plus du dimensionnement du système. Cette méthodologie pourrait également être appliquée à la mise en place d'autres types de systèmes, tels que les moulins communaux alimentés par énergie photovoltaïque dans les zones isolées ou les bornes de recharges publiques pour les véhicules électriques dans les villes
Photovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS) are an interesting solution to improve access to water in rural communities of developing countries. This thesis develops a methodology for the optimal design of PVWPS for domestic consumption based on an interdisciplinary approach. The objective is to determine the sizings of the PVWPS and its geographical positions in the village that maximize the positive impact of the system on socio-economic development and minimize its life-cycle cost. This methodology is applied to the case of a rural village in Burkina Faso, where we have been collecting technical and socio-economic data for 2 years. The first main originality of this work is the modelling of the link between the design of a PVWPS and its socio-economic impact, which allows to include the socio-economic impact to be included as an objective function of the optimisation. The second main originality is the inclusion of the geographical position of the PVWPS in the village as an optimisation variable, in addition to the sizing of the system. There is potential for applying the proposed methodology for the set-up of other types of systems such as community mills powered by photovoltaic energy in isolated areas and public charging points for electrical vehicles in cities

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12

Simpson, Robbie. "Formalised responsibility modelling for automated socio-technical systems analysis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8495/.

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Modelling the structure of social-technical systems as a basis for informing software system design is a difficult compromise. Formal methods struggle to capture the scale and complexity of the heterogeneous organisations that use technical systems. Conversely, informal approaches lack the rigour needed to inform the software design and construction process or enable automated analysis. We revisit the concept of responsibility modelling, which models social technical systems as a collection of actors who discharge their responsibilities, whilst using and producing resources in the process. In this thesis responsibility modelling is formalised as a structured approach for socio-technical system specification and modelling, with well-defined semantics and support for automated structure and validity analysis. We provide structured definitions for entity types and relations, and define the semantics of delegation and dependency. A constraint logic is introduced, providing simple specification of complex interactions between entities. Additionally, we introduce the ability to explicitly model uncertainty. To support this formalism, we present a new software toolkit that supports modelling and automatic analysis of responsibility models in both graphical and textual form. The new methodology is validated by applying it to case studies across different problem domains. A study of nuclear power station emergency planning is validated by comparison to a similar study performed with earlier forms of responsibility modelling, and a study of the TCAS mid-air collision avoidance system is validated by evaluation with domain experts. Additionally, we perform an explorative study of responsibility modelling understanding and applicability through a qualitative study of modellers.

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13

Mansfield, John. "The nature of change in complex, socio-technical systems /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18950.pdf.

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14

Greenwood, David. "Socio-technical analysis of system-of-systems using responsibility modelling." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3176.

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Society is challenging systems engineers by demanding increasingly complex and integrated IT systems (Northrop et al., 2006; RAE, 2004) e.g. integrated enterprise resource planning systems, integrated healthcare systems and business critical services provisioned using cloud based resources. These types of IT system are often systems-of-systems (SoS). That is to say they are composed of multiple systems that are operated and managed by independent parties and are distributed across multiple organisational boundaries, geographies or legal jurisdictions (Maier, 1998). SoS are notorious for becoming problematic due to interconnected technical and social issues. Practitioners claim that they are ill equipped to deal with the sociotechnical challenges posed by system-of-systems. One of these challenges is to identify the socio-technical threats associated with building, operating and managing systems whose parts are distributed across organisational boundaries. Another is how to troubleshoot these systems when they exhibit undesirable behaviour. This thesis aims to provide a modelling abstraction and an extensible technique that enables practitioners to identify socio-technical threats prior to implementation and troubleshoot SoS post-implementation. This thesis evaluates existing modelling abstractions for their suitability to represent SoS and suggests that an agent-responsibility based modelling abstraction may provide a practical and scalable way of representing SoS for socio-technical threat identification and troubleshooting. The practicality and scalability of the abstraction is explored through the use of case studies that motivate the extension of existing responsibility-based techniques so that new classes of system (coalitions-of-systems) and new classes of threat (agent-related threats) may be analysed. This thesis concludes that the notion of ‘responsibility' is a promising abstraction for representing and analysing systems that are composed of parts that are independently managed and maintained by agents spanning multiple organisational boundaries e.g. systems-of-systems, enterprise-scale systems.

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15

Tashev, Azamat. "Understanding Ecosystem Services through Organizational Analysis: Application to the Truckee-Carson River System." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1515072255449453.

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16

Gautam, Aakash. "Designing Socio-Technical Systems to Illuminate Possibilities for a Vulnerable Population." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104635.

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How might computer scientists work with communities in facilitating meaningful social change? In this project, we make a case for an approach that builds upon what the individuals and community already have---their assets---rather than emphasizing "user's needs" as typically postulated by human-centered design. We present details of our four-year-long assets-based engagement with an anti-trafficking organization in Nepal and the sex trafficking survivors supported by the organization. We explored the potential role that socio-technical systems and technology designers can play in assisting the survivors to build on their existing assets towards their vision of "dignified reintegration". The research involves three fieldwork and a remote study, each one leveraging carefully tailored socio-technical systems to investigate a design proposition. We present an operationalizable definition of assets and a framework of action to leverage assets in realizing change at an individual and institutional level. We describe the conditions that influenced the possibilities for our interventions and the factors that guided the design of the socio-technical systems. We further highlight how we adapted our methods to the local resources and practices in order to foster a space that promoted comfort and control to the study participants. The detailed account of our approach aims to provide a justification for undertaking slow, incremental steps with the community.
Doctor of Philosophy
Human trafficking survivors face a myriad of challenges in their reintegration journey. Working with an anti-trafficking organization in Nepal, I explored the potential role that technology and technology designers can play in assisting the survivors in their reintegration journey. The research involved three forays into fieldwork and a remote study, each one leveraging carefully tailored activities to investigate the possibilities for the survivors to be in a position of power once they leave the shelter home. The activities included technology such as a specifically tailored web application contextualized around the survivors' existing strengths but also involved non-digital components such as collectively envisioning broader possibilities and alternative futures and discussing ways in which the survivors could engage with local actors to mitigate societal problems they had seen near their homes. In all these activities, I adapted local practices and materials to promote a safe space for the survivors to participate from within their realm of comfort. This dissertation illuminates a potential pathway to engage in long-term community-based research with vulnerable populations. In particular, it makes a case for an approach that builds upon what the individuals and community already have, that is, their assets. The work illuminates ways to identify and build upon assets to support the survivors. Using the work, we make a case for undertaking slow, incremental steps as part of assets-based engagement with communities. The work emphasizes the need for technology developers to understand their responsibilities and carefully contemplate what elements of a situation or design allow ethical intervention. Finally, the work emphasizes the need for developers to be cognizant of how design of technology is tied up with the larger, multi-level system in which technology use is embedded.

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17

Hirose, Takayuki. "Envisioning Emergent Behaviors of Socio-Technical Systems Based on Functional Resonance Analysis Method." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259040.

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付記する学位プログラム名: デザイン学大学院連携プログラム
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第22772号
工博第4771号
新制||工||1746(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻
(主査)教授椹木哲夫, 教授松原厚, 教授小森雅晴
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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18

Dillon, Andrew. "Group dynamics meet cognition: applying socio-technical concepts in the design of information systems." London: Springer-Verlag (Springer-Verlag Series on CSCW), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105605.

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This is a preprint version of Dillon, A. (2000) Group Dynamics Meet Cognition: applying socio-technical concepts in the design of information systems. In Coakes, E., Willis, D. and Lloyd-Jones, R. (eds.) The New SocioTech: Graffiti on the Long Wall, Springer Verlag Series on CSCW, London: Springer, 119-125. Chapter overview: Socio-Technical Systems Theory (STST) has been widely mentioned and applied in the domain of information systems implementation (see e.g. Eason [1], Mumford [2]). Dillon and Morris [3] argue that the term STST is now generally applied to many user-centered orientations to design and implementation. Unlike the pragmatism of usability engineering which aims to support the design of technologies that are compatible with users' abilities and needs[4], STST posits underlying drives and motivations to use tools that supersede concerns with effectiveness and efficiency alone. In the present chapter, STST is re-examined for relevance to contemporary software design practices. Specifically, the unconscious drives to gain control and enhancement through one's work are seemingly at odds with a strictly cognitive approach to interaction that dominates studies of human-computer interaction. STST is here critically assessed in the light of what is now known about user acceptance of new information technologies. Emerging ISO-backed usability standards are in turn critically evaluated in the light of STST's richer analysis to identify weaknesses in the current usability engineering approach to design and implementation. Reconciling the psychodynamic and the cognitive in a manner that enables pragmatic application of STST in design is gained through the formulation of operationalised measures of the forces shaping acceptance.

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19

Abdymomunov, Azamat. "Application of system safety framework in hybrid socio-technical environment of Eurasia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70794.

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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93).
The political transformation and transition of post-Soviet societies have led to hybrid structures in political, economic and technological domains. In such hybrid structures the roles of government, state enterprise, private business and civil society are not clearly defined. These roles shift depending on formal and informal interests, availability and competition for limited resources, direct and indirect financial benefits, internal and external agendas. In an abstract sense, a hybrid is "anything derived from heterogeneous sources, or composed of elements of different or incongruous kinds" (Hybrid). If transition is a process from one state to another, hybrid is a state unto itself. In the context of this thesis Hybrid Socio-Technical Environment means the co-existence of different institutions and policies, state and private business entities, old and new technologies, managerial models and practices of planning and market economies, collectivist and individualist value systems. Rapid technological progress, coupled with shifts in political and economic structures, may produce long-lasting disturbances in a society. Such disturbances are result of the hybrid society's contradictory nature. Some of these disturbances appear in the form of large-scale systemic accidents, such as the Sayano-Shushenskaya Hydroelectric Power Station accident. The rigid and outdated Soviet socio-technical system was broken down into multiple independent systems and subsystems to increase operational flexibility, with very limited capital investment. A twenty-year transition period (1990-2010), proved the survivability of the Soviet system, which was able to perform its primary functions even with partial capacity. However, recent large-scale accidents are clear signs that the system is stretching beyond its limits. Changes in the socio-technical landscape (multiple stakeholders and variety of interests) suggest that the traditional approaches of Reliability Theory, with its inward focus, may not be an effective tool in identifying emerging challenges. The outward-focused System theory approach takes into consideration key characteristics of the changing hybrid socio-technical landscape, as well as motivations of multiple stakeholders. The research concludes that insufficient capital investment and backlog in maintenance shifts are key systemic factors that allow migration of organizational behavior from a safe to an unsafe state. Additional analysis has to be conducted to prove this conclusion.
by Azamat Abdymomunov.
S.M.in Engineering and Management

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20

Sefer, Edin. "A model-based safety analysis approach for high-integrity socio-technical component-based systems." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-29616.

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Designing high-integrity socio-technical systems requires a thorough understanding of all safety risks of such systems. For many years, safety risk assessment has been conducted separately for hardware, software, human, organizational and other entities in socio-technical systems. Safety risk assessment that does not consider all factors at the same time cannot adequately capture the wide variety of safety risk scenarios that need to be considered. This thesis proposes a model-based analysis approach that allows interpretation of humans and organizations in terms of components and their behavior in terms of failure logic. The proposal is built on top of the tool-supported model-based failure logic analysis technique called CHESS-FLA. CHESS-FLA supports the analysis of the component-based system architectures to understand what can go wrong at a system level, by applying failure logic rules at a component level. CHESS-FLA addresses only hardware and software components and as such it is inadequate for the analysis of socio-technical systems. This thesis proposes an extension of CHESS-FLA based on the preexisting classification (developed within SERA), of failures of socio entities. This extension combines CHESS-FLA and SERA - classification and delivers an approach named Concerto-FLA. Concerto-FLA is fully integrated into the CONCERTO framework allowing an automated analysis to be performed on architectures that contain human, organizational and technical entities present in socio-technical systems. The use of the approach is demonstrated on a case study extracted from the petroleum domain. The effectiveness of the delivered tool is briefly evaluated based on the results from the case study.
CONCERTO project

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21

Boydell, Robert Arthur. "The development of the rural water supply and sanitation sector in Zimbabwe between 1974 and 1987 : the design and impact of donor supported projects." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1990. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6946.

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Although the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade has generated great interest from foreign aid donors, its impact. in terms of increased service levels has been poor. These disappointing results have been explained by the UN and other donors in terms of inadequate funding and lack of cost recovery, poor operations and maintenance, lack of personnel, unacceptable technology, poor logistics and non involvement of the beneficiaries. However, an alternative explanation revolves around factors contributing to poor project design. These include the lack of understanding of the development process, donor bias and self interest, and poor coordination and commitment by the recipient government. A review of the development and trends of contemporary aid philosophy and its translation in to rural development and water and sanitation projects, which led to the launch of the IDWSSD, provides a number of lessons that can be used to formulate a hybrid model for project design and the sector development process, that defines the relative roles of donors, recipient governments and people themselves. The model is based on coordinated development, community participation, and sector growth from pilot projects to large scale programmes. The developments in the rural water and sanitation sector that took place in Zimbabwe from 1974 to 1987, provide a unique opportunity to test this model using a systems analysis approach. After gaining Independence in 1980, Zimbabwe's development assistance funding grew tenfold with the influx of foreign donors, and major commitments were made by the new Government to rural development and the goals of the IDWSSD. However, the large investments in water and sanitation which included the preparation of a national master plan with external technical assistance, had both positive and negative impacts on the continuing development of the sector, the start of which can be traced back, well before Independence, to small pilot projects sponsored by non government organizations that used appropriate technology developed by the Rhodesian Government. This development process and the changing approach to project design is illustrated by a series of case studies of projects supported by multilateral and bilateral donors, and non government organizations, that were milestones during this period. Finally the project and sector development model is modified based on the practical lessons from Zimbabwe and recommendations for future practice are made together with suggestions for areas of further research.

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22

Chaula, Job Asheri. "A Socio-technical Analysis of Information Systems Security Assurance : A Case Study for Effective Assurance." Doctoral thesis, Kista : Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University/KTH DSV, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1350.

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23

Regal, Christian [Verfasser], and Henner [Akademischer Betreuer] Gimpel. "Socio-technical analysis and design of digital workplaces to foster employee health / Christian Regal ; Betreuer: Henner Gimpel." Augsburg : Universität Augsburg, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:384-opus4-894094.

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24

Brady, Timothy Kevin 1960. "Utilization of dependency structure matrix analysis to assess implementation of NASA's complex technical projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82693.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2002.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-96).
by Timothy K. Brady.
S.M.

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25

Diaz, Garcia J. Adrian. "Network analysis of technical and organizational configurations : using an alignment approach to enhance product development performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47856.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-212).
In an attempt to improve their Product Development Processes (PDPs), many companies make considerable investments to have available cutting-edge technology such as virtual tools. While some companies have increased their productivity and time to market with them, some others have not. There seem to be fundamental factors above and beyond the use of these tools that can obstruct the PDP and one of them appears to be the misalignment between the product architecture and the organizational interactions of the actors working on it. While there has been significant work addressing the technical and social concerns of a PDP independently, the nature of the misalignment requires an integrated analysis of the product architecture and the organization. The present work studies them in an integrated approach by making use of network analyses. The research for this thesis was conducted in a Global Product Development (GPD) project of an automotive manufacturer. By first using as a reference the Multidisciplinary System Design Optimization (MSDO) to decompose the architecture of a product and then, using a specific type of Design Structure Matrix (DSM) [43] called N2 Diagram to identify the interfaces of the architecture, a network called theoretical sociogram was created. In addition, the relative sensitivity of some objectives describing the functioning of the product's systems was calculated to classify the strength of the ties in two levels: strong for those above an absolute relative sensitivity of 0.5, and weak for those with an absolute relative sensitivity lower or equal than 0.5.
(cont.) Furthermore, through surveys and interviews, the organizational interactions for two different phases of the project were mapped to construct a new set of networks called actual sociograms. By comparing the sociograms and utilizing metrics that deal with the centrality of the actors in the network, the misalignments were identified. The misalignments provided guidance to identify the enablers and obstacles influencing the PDP. It was observed that, in some cases, when the sensitivity among variables was weak, engineering teams tend to use intermediaries to share information. In some other circumstances the direct interaction doesn't occur, due to reasons including cultural aspects, complexity of the information, the way the information is structured and organizational fuzziness, among others. Based on these findings, some recommendations based on literature review, lessons learned from other industries and conversations with Product Development (PD) actors, are provided.
by J. Adrian Diaz Garcia.
S.M.

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26

Lia, Anne Margrethe. "Life Cycle Assessment of Technical Solutions for High-Speed Rail: Tunnel and Track designs." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18706.

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On the 19th of February 2010, the Ministry of Transport and Communication presented the Norwegian National Rail Administration with the task of assessing different aspects of the future of high-speed rail in Norway. The report, the Norwegian High-Speed Rail Assessment (NHSRA), consist three separate evaluations where the climate assessment by Bergsdal et al. (2012), motivated this thesis. Results from the report identify the railway infrastructure as the dominant emission source for the corridor, with the length of tunnels representing the determining factor. Simultaneously, an ongoing debate is comparing the safety and performance of track and tunnel technologies traditionally used in Norway to that of foreign tunnelling technology such as the drill and blast method which apply a full cast (European method), and a double shielded tunnel boring machine (TBM). The newest development in track technology is the slab track, which is now evaluated for tunnels and bridges in Norway (Jernbaneverket 2011). This thesis contributes to the ongoing debate concerning the construction of infrastructure for high-speed rail in Norway, by emphasizing the environmental impact of several relevant technologies and geological conditions. The assessment includes an evaluation of the impact of different tunnelling and track technologies, calculated for operation speeds of both 250km/h and 330km/h. Further, the environmental impact of different levels of support work and grout is assessed. In addition, this thesis includes a sensitivity analysis of the impact of service life for railway components. The assessment is calculated for two functional units: one meter tunnel and tunnel track, and for the case corridor, the potential high-speed rail corridor between Oslo-Stavanger, estimated for 250km/h obtained from the NHSRA by Bergsdal et al. (2012).Our results from this assessment account for the use of cement, steel and copper as the environmentally most important materials. Among the railway components, the tunnel lining and grout constitute the highest emission level of the case corridor. The different technical alternatives are compared against the technologies traditionally applied in Norway, and an average level of support work, which represents the baseline results of this thesis. Our results indicate that the double shielded tunnel-boring machine is the technology that contributes to the highest increase of emission level compared to baseline. Further, the variables that hold the greatest potential of reducing total emission level is the installation of slab track in tunnels and bridges, and level of grout in the tunnel construction.

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Liozu, Stephan M. "Pricing Capabilities and Firm Performance: A Socio-Technical Framework for the Adoption of Pricing as a Transformational Innovation." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1364839749.

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Chatawanich, Candy Suda 1972, and Timothy Arthur Rush. "Analysis of the experience and stability project at Ford Motor Company : what does it take to change a culture and rebuild a technical organization?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30055.

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Анотація:

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, 2004.
"February 2004."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
As Ford Motor Company celebrates its 100th anniversary; it finds itself in a crisis due to its lack of technical proficiency. The lack of technical depth within the workforce is the result of a deeply ingrained culture that encourages employees to change positions every 18-24 months to vastly diverse parts of the company. The problem is exacerbated by years of early retirements, company sell-offs and outsourcing of technical design work to full service suppliers. In reaction to the lack of technical competency, Ford has undergone one of the largest reorganizations in their history. The new organization is now centered on function with loose ties back to the many vehicle programs. In order to encourage a new corporate culture that values technical depth over being a generalist, Ford has also developed additional projects within the organization. One of the most prominent is the Employee Stability Project (ESP) and Technical Maturity Model (TMM) that focus in on developing a technical development plan for each individual engineer. This research analyzes the rollout of the ESP/TMM project within the Body Engineering function (with some comparisons to the Chassis Organization). Data was collected through two surveys conducted nine months apart and focus group sessions. The surveys encompassed the entire Body Engineering organization. In addition, the culture at Ford was compared with the culture developed at one of its main rivals, Toyota. The data for Toyota was collected through one-on-one interviews. The result of the data collected show that entire workforce recognizes that the lack of technical depth within the company is an issue.
(cont.) In addition, the concepts and principles behind the ESP/TMM project are understood and deemed important to the company's success. However, there is still resistance to the adoption of the project and momentum behind the support of the ESP/TMM project appears to be stalling. The recommendations by the authors include reinforcing communication, recognition, and demonstration of appropriate technical behaviors at every level within the organization. Ford should also utilize the technical depth within the company (in the form of senior engineers and technical specialists) upfront in the development in new programs and as consultants at key technical milestones to maximize their effectiveness and teaching opportunities. There are also several recommendations around the Individual Technical Development Plan in order to encourage its adoption and ensure its usefulness to the technical development of the engineers. Finally, a vision of a fully functioning, highly technical organization is described to show how this organization can quickly adapt to future challenges that the company may face.
by Candy S. Chatawanich and Timothy A. Rush.
S.M.

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29

Bolling, Rodney A. "Analysis, design and implementation of a database management system for generating Technical/Medical Reports by Chiropractors /." Thèse, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA336996.

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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 1997.
Thesis advisors, Tung X. Bui, Bala Ramesh. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49). Also available online.

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30

Chevarria, Diego Gonzales. "A agência na abordagem multinível da transição sociotecnológica sustentável." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150508.

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Transições sociotecnológicas são processos de modificação e substituição de regimes sociotecnológicos, estruturas sociais que englobam sistemas tecnológicos e produtivos, bem como políticas públicas, sistemas econômicos e significados simbólicos associados. A transição sociotecnológica tem sido discutida como um caminho para o desenvolvimento sustentável, dada a possibilidade de substituição de regimes sociotecnologicos vigentes por regimes que representem menores impactos sociais e ambientais. Apesar da atenção que a transição sustentável tem recebido em anos recentes, observa-se na literatura uma lacuna no estudo da função de agência na transição. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar a agência no processo de transição sociotecnológica sustentável, e a principal contribuição está na proposição de um modelo conceitual estruturado para a explicação desta agência. No desenvolvimento do modelo adotou-se a perspectiva multinível, a qual estuda a transição a partir de três diferentes níveis de análise: nicho, regime e cenário. O modelo está consolidado em três ideias centrais, que se constituíram em hipóteses de trabalho no desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Propõe-se como primeira hipótese que a agência na transição seria distribuída, resultando de uma ação coletiva do nicho. Propõe-se também como segunda hipótese de trabalho que a agência seria exercida por meio da construção pelos atores nicho de um sistema de narrativas, o qual direcionaria as expectativas dos demais atores, bem como o compromisso resultante destas expectativas. Por fim, propõe-se como terceira hipótese que expectativas e compromisso seriam continuamente ajustados pelo desempenho do sistema, e a principal medida de desempenho na transição tecnológica estaria na capacidade do nicho em desenvolver aprendizado. Adotou-se no desenvolvimento da pesquisa uma abordagem multimétodo, a partir de um posicionamento epistemológico de complexidade organizacional; outra contribuição significativa de pesquisa está no tratamento metodológico adotado no teste do modelo proposto. O modelo conceitual proposto foi operacionalizado em uma fase de pesquisa qualitativa, a partir de em análise de conteúdo de narrativas socialmente construídas, e outra quantitativa, através de modelagem computacional por meio de um sistema multiagente. Para o desenvolvimento destas fases adotou-se como objeto de pesquisa o nicho de energia eólica brasileiro, o qual se entende como uma transição em andamento dado seu expressivo crescimento recente. Na fase qualitativa de pesquisa buscou-se caracterizar os processos discursivos envolvidos em transições tecnológicas sustentáveis. Observou-se que narrativas atuaram no estabelecimento de expectativas sobre nicho tecnológico, defendendo a existência de grande potencial de geração no Brasil, e a sustentabilidade da geração de energia eólica. A caracterização de narrativas resultado da fase qualitativa de pesquisa foi adotada na fase quantitativa de pesquisa como base para o desenvolvimento do processo de modelagem e simulação. O modelo computacional foi considerado como valido dada sua capacidade de representar o processo de constituição de um nicho tecnológico, e as três hipóteses de trabalho que consolidam o modelo conceitual proposto foram testadas por meio deste modelo. Os resultados de simulação observados dão suporte à aceitação das primeira e segunda hipóteses, embora indiquem pela rejeição da terceira. A principal implicação dos achados está na sugestão que a transição sustentável deve ser entendida como um processo iminentemente coletivo, não podendo ser conduzida de forma isolada por um único agente.
Socio-technological transitions are processes of change and replacement of socio-technical regimes, social structures that include technological and production systems, as well as the associated public policies, economic systems and symbolic meanings. Socio-technical transitions have been discussed as a path to sustainable development, due to the opportunity of replacement of incumbent socio-technical regimes by regimes that account for lesser social and environmental impacts. Despite the attention that sustainable transitions have recently received, it is observed in the literature a gap in the study of agency in the transition. The aim of this research is to analyze agency in the socio-technical transition to sustainability, and the main contribution is the proposition of a structured conceptual model in order to explain this agency. In developing the model, it was adopted the multi-level perspective, which studies the transition through three different levels of analysis: niche, regime and landscape. The model is consolidated in three core ideas, which constituted themselves in working hypotheses for the development of research. At first, it is proposed a first hypothesis the adoption of a conception of distributed agency, resulting from a collective action of the niche. It is also proposed as second work hypothesis that agency would be exerted through the construction by the social actors of the niche of a system of narratives, which would direct the expectations of other actors, as well as the commitment resulting from these expectations. Finally, it is proposed as the third work hypothesis that expectations and commitment would be continuously adjusted by system performance, and the main performance measure in the sociotechnical transition would be in the ability of the niche to develop learning. It was adopted in the research a multimethod design, from an epistemology of organizational complexity; another significant contribution of the research is the methodological approach adopted in testing the proposed model. The proposed conceptual model was operationalized in a qualitative research phase, using a content analysis of socially constructed narratives, and other quantitative phase, by means of computational modeling using a multi-agent system. To the development of these phases it was adopted as a research subject the Brazilian wind energy niche, which is understood as a transition in progress, given its significant recent growth. In qualitative research phase, we attempted to characterize the discursive processes involved in sustainable technological transitions. It was observed that narratives have acted in establishing expectations about technological niche, defending the existence of a large generation potential in Brazil, and the sustainability of wind power generation. The characterization of narratives resulting of the qualitative research phase was adopted in the quantitative phase as the basis for the development of modeling and simulation process. The computational model was considered valid, given its ability to represent the process of establishment of a technological niche. The three working hypotheses that consolidate the proposed conceptual model were tested using this model. The observed simulation results supported the acceptance of the first and second hypotheses, while indicating the rejection of the third one. The main implication of the findings is the suggestion that the transition to sustainability must be considered as a collective process, and cannot be conducted by a single individual agent.

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31

Hinsley, Steven W. "Maintaining systems-of-systems fit-for-purpose : a technique exploiting material, energy and information source, sink and bearer analysis." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25465.

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Across many domains, systems suppliers are challenged by the complexity of their systems and the speed at which their systems must be changed in order to meet the needs of customers or the societies which the systems support. Stakeholder needs are ever more complex: appearing, disappearing, changing and interacting faster than solutions able to address them can be instantiated. Similarly, the systems themselves continually change as a result of both external and internal influences, such as damage, changing environment, upgrades, reconfiguration, replacement, etc. In the event of situations unforeseen at design time, personnel (for example maintainers or operators) close to the point of employment may have to modify systems in response to the evolving situation, and to do this in a timely manner so that the system and/or System-of-Systems (SoS: a set of systems that have to interoperate) can achieve their aims. This research was motivated by the problem of designing-in re-configurability to the constituent systems of a SoS to enable the SoS and its systems to effectively and efficiently counter the effects of unforeseen events that adversely affect fitness-for purpose whilst operational. This research shows that a SoS does not achieve or maintain fitness-for-purpose because it cannot implement the correct, timely and complete transfer of Material, Energy and Information (MEI) between its constituents and with its external environment that is necessary to achieve a desired outcome; i.e. the purpose.

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Lundberg, Johan. "Dynamic Risk Management in Information Security : A socio-technical approach to mitigate cyber threats in the financial sector." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-87359.

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In the last decade, a new wave of socio-technical cyber threats has emerged that is targeting both the technical and social vulnerabilities of organizations and requires fast and efficient threat mitigations. Yet, it is still common that financial organizations rely on yearly reviewed risk management methodologies that are slow and static to mitigate the ever-changing cyber threats. The purpose of this research is to explore the field of Dynamic Risk Management in Information Security from a socio-technical perspective in order to mitigate both types of threats faster and dynamically to better suit the connected world we live in today. In this study, the Design Science Research methodology was utilized to create a Dynamic Information Security Risk Management model based on functionality requirements collected through interviews with professionals in the financial sector and structured literature studies. Finally, the constructed dynamic model was then evaluated in terms of its functionality and usability. The results of the evaluation showed that the finalized dynamic risk management model has great potential to mitigate both social and technical cyber threats in a dynamic fashion.
Under senaste decenniet har en ny våg av sociotekniska cyberhot uppkommit som är riktade både mot de sociala och tekniska sårbarheterna hos organisationer. Dessa hot kräver snabba och effektiva hotreduceringar, dock är det fortfarande vanligt att finansiella organisationer förlitar sig på årligen granskade riskhanteringsmetoder som både är långsamma och statiska för att mildra de ständigt föränderliga cyberhoten. Syftet med denna forskning är att undersöka området för dynamisk riskhantering inom informationssäkerhet ur ett sociotekniskt perspektiv, med målsättningen att snabbare och dynamiskt kunna mildra bägge typerna av hot för att bättre passa dagens uppkopplade värld. I studien användes Design Science Research för att skapa en dynamisk riskhanteringsmodell med syfte att hantera sociotekniska cyberhot mot informationssäkerheten. Riskhanteringsmodellen är baserad på funktionskrav insamlade genom intervjuer med yrkesverksamma inom finanssektorn, samt strukturerade litteraturstudier. Avslutningsvis utvärderades den konstruerade dynamiska modellen avseende dess funktionalitet och användbarhet. Resultaten av utvärderingen påvisade att den slutgiltiga dynamiska riskhanteringsmodellen har en stor potential att mitigera både sociala och tekniska cyberhot på ett dynamiskt sätt.

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Törnroth, Suzanna. "Using vernacular design to alleviate inequalities in socio-spatial access: A case study of Dubai’s park provision." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65968.

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This thesis focuses on park planning in Dubai, and how current differences in their socio-spatial access can be alleviated by using regional-vernacular design principles. The thesis uses a mixed method approach that begins with the analysis of parks across the entire city to understand their current access and distribution, and then narrows down to focusing on four micro-case studies,which will serve as sites where improvements could be made. These improvements are inspiredby vernacular design and planning and aim to improve current access. All work originates fromthe author unless otherwise cited.

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Mirisaee, Seyed Hadi. "Human-centred methods for design of mobile social technologies : a case study of agile ridesharing." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/72909/2/Seyed_Hadi_Mirisaee_Thesis.pdf.

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Social contexts are possible information sources that can foster connections between mobile application users, but they are also minefields of privacy concerns and have great potential for misinterpretation. This research establishes a framework for guiding the design of context-aware mobile social applications from a socio-technical perspective. Agile ridesharing was chosen as the test domain for the research because its success relies upon effectively connecting people through mobile technologies.

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35

Maîtrehenry, Sébastien. "Modélisation des dépendances fonctionnelles pour l'analyse des risques de niveau avion." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESMA0025/document.

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Nos travaux se situent au croisement de trois domaines : la sûreté de fonctionnement, l'analysefonctionnelle et l'ingénierie des modèles. Dans l'objectif d'assister les analyses préliminaires desrisques, nous avons proposé d'exploiter les modèles issus de l'analyse fonctionnelle de l'avion. Cesmodèles décrivent les dépendances entre les fonctions qui doivent être réalisées durant une phasede vol. Pour exploiter ces modèles, nous avons introduit la notion d'efficacité qui mesure ledegré de contribution d'une fonction à la réalisation nominale d'une phase de vol. Cette notionest utile pour les analyses de risques car elle permet de formaliser divers cas dedysfonctionnements des fonctions et pour évaluer le niveau de dégradation d'une phase de vol encas de dysfonctionnement d'une ou plusieurs fonctions. Nous avons proposé d'annoter les modèlesissus de l'analyse fonctionnelle avec des informations relatives à l'efficacité des fonctions et à leursdysfonctionnements possibles. En suivant les principes de la transformation de modèles, nousavons étudié les moyens de produire le plus automatiquement possible des modèles utiles auxanalyses de risques à partir des modèles annotés. Les modèles produits sont décrits avec lelangage AltaRica, ils peuvent être analysés avec les outils associés à ce langage afin d'évaluerl'effet du dysfonctionnement de fonctions de l'avion ou de rechercher les combinaisons dedysfonctionnements les plus critiques. L'approche proposée a été appliquée pour analyser lesrisques associés aux fonctions utiles lors du décollage d'un avion
Our work links three domains: safety, functional analysis and model based engineering. In orderto assist preliminary risk analysis, we have proposed to exploit models developed for functionalanalysis. These models describe dependencies between functions that have to be performed duringa flight phase. To exploit these models, we have introduced the notion of efficiency thatmeasures the degree of contribution of a function to the nominal realisation of a flight phase.This notion is useful for risk analysis because it enables the formalisation of various cases offunction failures and the evaluation of the level of degradation of a flight phase in case offunction failures. We have proposed to annotate functional analysis models with informationrelated with function efficiency and potential function failures. Following the principles of modeltransformation, we have studied the means to produce as automatically as possible models thatcould be used to support risk analysis starting from annotated models. Produced models aredescribed with the AltaRica language, they can be analysed with the tools associated with thislanguage in order to evaluate the effect of function failures or to search for the most criticalcombinations of failures. The approach was applied in order to analyse the risks associated withthe functions used during an aircraft take-off

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Rücker, Daniel, Kristin Paetzold, and Rüdiger Hornfeck. "Verbesserte Ergonomie durch Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration als sozio-technisches System." Thelem Universitätsverlag & Buchhandlung GmbH & Co. KG, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36927.

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Анотація:

In dieser Veröffentlichung soll untersucht werden, ob vorhandene Methoden aus dem Bereich der sozio-technischen Systeme (STS) genutzt werden können, um Mensch-Roboter-Kollaborationen (MRK) hinsichtlich ihrer Ergonomie zu optimieren. [... aus der Einleitung]

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37

Polanský, Jan. "Návrh automatického obchodního systému pro měnový trh." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254259.

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The master’s thesis deals with trading the currency market. The aim of thesis is the creation of an automated trading system based on technical analysis. This thesis is divided into several parts. The theoretical aspects and analysis of current situation are followed by automated trading system proposal. The system is designed on basis of technical indicators and tested on historical data and then optimized.

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Sanabre, Carles. "Propuesta de modelos para la ideación estratégica y el análisis integral de la calidad en sitios web: el Website Canvas Model y el sistema de análisis de doble entrada con patrones." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664424.

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Анотація:

The evaluation of the technical features of websites using analysis systems has proven to be very effective to measure its quality. However, we still lack tools that treat and evaluate the quality of the strategy in the websites. This thesis mainly presents two tools. First, a new model of analysis and ideation of websites is provided, based on the "canvas" models. It has been called WebSite Canvas Model (WSCM), and is both a tool for strategic ideation of websites, as well as an analysis tool. Secondly, a new system of comprehensive analysis of websites is presented, which starts from the merger of the WSCM with the tourist website analysis system (SAST). It is named "System of Analysis of Websites of Double Entry with Patterns" (SDE). Both proposals aim to provide new tools that contribute to the strategic ideation of websites and to the integral evaluation of its quality.
La evaluación de las características técnicas de los sitios web que utilizan sistemas de análisis ha demostrado ser muy eficaz para medir su calidad. Sin embargo, todavía nos faltan herramientas que traten y evalúen la calidad de la estrategia en los sitios web. Esta tesis presenta principalmente dos herramientas. Primero, se proporciona un nuevo modelo de análisis e ideación de sitios web, basado en los modelos "canvas". Se ha llamado WebSite Canvas Model (WSCM) y es una herramienta para la ideación estratégica de sitios web, así como una herramienta de análisis. En segundo lugar, se presenta un nuevo sistema de análisis integral de sitios web, que comienza con la fusión de la WSCM con el sistema de análisis de sitios web turísticos (SAST). Se denomina "Sistema de Análisis de Sitios Web de Doble entrada con Patrones" (SDE). Ambas propuestas apuntan a brindar nuevas herramientas que contribuyan a la ideación estratégica de sitios web y a la evaluación integral de su calidad.
L'avaluació de les característiques tècniques dels llocs web mitjançant sistemes d'anàlisi ha demostrat ser molt eficaç per mesurar la seva qualitat. Tanmateix, encara manquen eines que tractin i avaluïn la qualitat de l'estratègia en els llocs web. Aquesta tesi presenta principalment dues eines. En primer lloc, es proporciona un nou model d'anàlisi i ideació de llocs web basat en els models "canvas". S'ha anomenat WebSite Canvas Model (WSCM), i és una eina per a la ideació estratègica de llocs web i alhora una eina d'anàlisi. En segon lloc, es presenta un nou sistema d'anàlisi integral de llocs web, que parteix de la fusió del WSCM amb el sistema d'anàlisi de llocs web turístic (SAST). Es denomina "Sistema d'Anàlisi de Llocs Web de Doble Entrada amb Patrons" (SDE). Ambdues propostes tenen com a objectiu proporcionar noves eines que contribueixin a la ideació estratègica dels llocs web i a l'avaluació integral de la seva qualitat.

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39

Nadal, Amélia. "Influence des incertitudes sur l'optimisation technico-économique de systèmes énergétiques hybrides." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT107.

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Les enjeux environnementaux et d’indépendance énergétique amènent pouvoirs publics et acteurs industriels à imaginer une évolution d’un modèle énergétique centralisé ; et exploitant des ressources fossiles vers un modèle décentralisé, valorisant les ressources renouvelables et leurs synergies. Les choix et investissements qui en découlent sont faits dans un contexte technico-économique incertain. La thèse vise à prendre en compte les incertitudes dans la démarche d’optimisation du dimensionnement des systèmes énergétiques hybrides, afin d’améliorer cette prise de décision. Les incertitudes considérées concernent les paramètres techniques et économiques des composants du système et les chroniques temporelles météorologiques, de consommations d’énergie ou de marché, nécessaires à leur simulation.Deux approches sont mises en place et exploitées sur un cas illustratif, modélisé, simulé et évalué par le au logiciel Odyssey (développé au CEA). Ce cas représente un micro-réseau visant à satisfaire une charge électrique, alimenté par une production photovoltaïque et un stockage hybride composé d’une batterie et d’une chaîne hydrogène (électrolyseur, stockage et pile à combustible). Le logiciel Odyssey est couplé à la plateforme de traitement de l’incertitude Uranie, elle aussi développée par le CEA. La première approche, l’approche analyse de sensibilité, a pour objet, pour un système dimensionné, de quantifier l’impact des incertitudes sur la variabilité des indicateurs de performance du système, dans notre cas illustratif la satisfaction de la charge et le coût de l’énergie produite, via la propagation des incertitudes. Elle permet aussi, via l’analyse de sensibilité globale, d’identifier les incertitudes les plus influentes sur la variabilité des indicateurs de performance du système, permettant ainsi d’identifier les leviers prioritaires dans la connaissance d’un système pour en améliorer la robustesse. Un des enjeux de sa mise en œuvre est la considération simultanée des incertitudes liées à des paramètres statiques et celles liées aux chroniques temporelles pour prendre en compte à la fois leur nature aléatoire et épistémique.L’approche complémentaire explorée est l’optimisation stochastique multi-objectif. Elle consiste à optimiser les systèmes énergétiques en prenant directement en compte les incertitudes dans le processus d’optimisation. Cette approche, réalisée dans ces travaux en définissant un critère d’optimisation incluant performance et variabilité de la performance, permet de fournir un dimensionnement plus robuste, sans qu’il soit nécessaire de réduire l’incertitude attachée aux paramètres d’entrée incertains. L’optimisation des paramètres fixes des lois de commande logiques utilisées dans Odyssey est une autre voie d’amélioration des performances du système par rapport aux incertitudes.Ces deux approches portent des visions complémentaires de l’impact des incertitudes dans l’optimisation technico-économique du dimensionnement de systèmes énergétiques hybrides et de leur traitement possible. Leur mise en œuvre nous amène à en extraire des enseignements. Tout d’abord la prise en compte des incertitudes nous apparaît indispensable à l’évaluation des systèmes énergétiques hybrides. De plus, la quantification rigoureuse des sources d’incertitude est une étape clé dans la considération des incertitudes, quelle que soit l’approche mise en œuvre. Enfin, ces travaux proposent un ensemble de méthodes, des plus simples et rapides aux plus exigeantes en termes de ressources calculatoires, qui permettent à un modélisateur d’évaluer les implications technico-économiques de la prise en compte des incertitudes et leur impact sur la prise de décision
The environmental challenges and concerns about energy independence require imagining an evolution of our centralized energy production exploiting fossil resources towards a decentralized model, using the renewable resources and their synergies. The consequent choices and investments are made in an uncertain technical-economic context. The thesis accounts for uncertainties in the robust design of hybrid energy systems, in order to improve this decision-making. The considered uncertainties are technical and economic parameters of the system components and the time variable profiles that are needed for the system simulation, like energy consumption, weather or market conditions.Two approaches are proposed and tested on an illustrative case, modeled, simulated and evaluated with the software Odyssey (developed in CEA). This case represents a remote micro-grid, composed of an electrical load, a photovoltaic production and a hybrid storage, battery and hydrogen chain (electrolyser, storage and fuel cell). The software Odyssey is interfaced with the uncertainty treatment platform Uranie, which is also developed by the CEA. The first approach, sensitivity analysis approach, aims to quantify the impact of uncertainties on the performance indicators of the system, for a specific design, thanks to uncertainty propagation. In the illustrative case study, the performance indicators are the load satisfaction and the cost of the produced energy. The approach also permits, thanks to global sensitivity analysis to identify the most influential uncertainties on the variability of the performance indicators of the system. This permits to focus on the priorities in the understanding of a system, in order to improve its robustness. One of the challenges of this approach is the simultaneous consideration of the uncertainties linked to static parameters and time variables to take into account their aleatory and epistemic nature.The complementary proposed approach is the multi-objective stochastic optimization. It consists in optimizing the energy system taking into account the uncertainties directly in the optimization process. This approach was realized with the definition of an optimization criterion including performance and variability of the performance. It enables a more robust design, without reducing the uncertainty of the input parameters. The optimization of the fixed parameters of the logical control rules in Odyssey is an other way to improve the system performances towards uncertainties.These two approaches bring complementary points of view of the uncertainty impact in the technical-economic optimization of hybrid energy systems and its possible treatment. Their application leads to develop some take-away. First, accounting for uncertainties seems unavoidable to us in the evaluation of hybrid energy systems. What’s more, the rigorous quantification of uncertainty sources is a central step in the uncertainty consideration, whatever the applied approach. Last, this work proposes a set of methods, from the simplest and quickest to the most expensive in computational resources, permitting to the user to evaluate the technical-economic implications of the taking into account for the uncertainties and their impact on the decision-making

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40

Nguyen, Thanh-Dat, and 阮成達. "Technical Analysis and Conceptual Design on Robotic Systems for Gait Rehabilitations." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b7zhx9.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
機械與機電工程研究所
102
A stroke, sometimes called a "brain attack", is the sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen. While Stroke was ranked as the top leading cause of death in many countries, the post-stroke patients may lose the ability to do even the simplest of tasks like feed or dress oneself, walk and talk. Therefore, many stroke rehabilitation projects were implemented continuously with the hope to bring back the normal life to post-stroke patients. This research presents and categorizes the gait rehabilitation based on their functions identifying the common features and the different innovations among them. A simple mechanical gait rehabilitation training system configuration is proposed in this study, affordable for specific customers, as an effective tool for post-stroke rehabilitation process. The author composes a LabVIEW program for sytem’s user interface and the CAE analysis in Solidworks Simulation for its frame.

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41

Jr-Du, Wen, and 溫志篤. "The Structure Analysis, Design, and Implementation of Electronic Technical Manuals for Military Weapon Systems in Taiwan." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03114014023150302431.

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碩士
國防管理學院
國防資訊研究所
90
Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support(CALS) was set into action, and have had planned the visions of the Army integrated logistics support. One of the most important applications is interactive electronic technical manual (IETM). Although CALS strategy has been strenuously promoted from the past few years in Taiwan military, the techniques of implementing IETM systems are rarely realistic experience. Justly the time of government forced to develop the civil strategy of self-defense industry, practicable issues of CALS strategy are the trends that forced civil organizations follow the same standards. How to improve the situation of producing technical manuals which satisfied hierarchy structure document specifications of CALS strategy and produce IETM in class 3, 4 or higher are one of the most critical tasks. The purpose of this dissertation is to propose a new methodology and construct an advanced electronic environment for developing ETM in Taiwan after the structure analysis, design, and implementation of electronic technical manuals for military weapon systems. The advanced electronic environment provides the interchange technical information into IETM database for the further integrated to produce IETM in class 3, 4 or higher. We hope that this dissertation could give a realistically experience of implementing IETM relevance system for Taiwan military in the trends of self-defense strategy.

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42

"Complex Systems Approach for Simulation & Analysis of Socio-Technical Infrastructure Systems - An Empirical Demonstration." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57077.

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abstract: Over the past century, the world has become increasingly more complex. Modern systems (i.e blockchain, internet of things (IoT), and global supply chains) are inherently difficult to comprehend due to their high degree of connectivity. Understanding the nature of complex systems becomes an acutely more critical skill set for managing socio-technical infrastructure systems. As existing education programs and technical analysis approaches fail to teach and describe modern complexities, resulting consequences have direct impacts on real-world systems. Complex systems are characterized by exhibiting nonlinearity, interdependencies, feedback loops, and stochasticity. Since these four traits are counterintuitive, those responsible for managing complex systems may struggle in identifying these underlying relationships and decision-makers may fail to account for their implications or consequences when deliberating systematic policies or interventions. This dissertation details the findings of a three-part study on applying complex systems modeling techniques to exemplar socio-technical infrastructure systems. In the research articles discussed hereafter, various modeling techniques are contrasted in their capacity for simulating and analyzing complex, adaptive systems. This research demonstrates the empirical value of a complex system approach as twofold: (i) the technique explains systems interactions which are often neglected or ignored and (ii) its application has the capacity for teaching systems thinking principles. These outcomes serve decision-makers by providing them with further empirical analysis and granting them a more complete understanding on which to base their decisions. The first article examines modeling techniques, and their unique aptitudes are compared against the characteristics of complex systems to establish which methods are most qualified for complex systems analysis. Outlined in the second article is a proof of concept piece on using an interactive simulation of the Los Angeles water distribution system to teach complex systems thinking skills for the improved management of socio-technical infrastructure systems. Lastly, the third article demonstrates the empirical value of this complex systems approach for analyzing infrastructure systems through the construction of a systems dynamics model of the Arizona educational-workforce system, across years 1990 to 2040. The model explores a series of dynamic hypotheses and allows stakeholders to compare policy interventions for improving educational and economic outcome measures.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Systems Engineering 2020

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43

(8921381), Ali Lenjani. "Developing Artificial Intelligence-Based Decision Support for Resilient Socio-Technical Systems." Thesis, 2020.

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During 2017 and 2018, two of the costliest years on record regarding natural disasters, the U.S. experienced 30 events with total losses of $400 billion. These exuberant costs arise primarily from the lack of adequate planning spanning the breadth from pre-event preparedness to post-event response. It is imperative to start thinking about ways to make our built environment more resilient. However, empirically-calibrated and structure-specific vulnerability models, a critical input required to formulate decision-making problems, are not currently available. Here, the research objective is to improve the resilience of the built environment through an automated vision-based system that generates actionable information in the form of probabilistic pre-event prediction and post-event assessment of damage. The central hypothesis is that pre-event, e.g., street view images, along with the post-event image database, contain sufficient information to construct pre-event probabilistic vulnerability models for assets in the built environment. The rationale for this research stems from the fact that probabilistic damage prediction is the most critical input for formulating the decision-making problems under uncertainty targeting the mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. The following tasks are completed towards the goal.

First, planning for one of the bottleneck processes of the post-event recovery is formulated as a decision making problem considering the consequences imposed on the community (module 1). Second, a technique is developed to automate the process of extracting multiple street-view images of a given built asset, thereby creating a dataset that illustrates its pre-event state (module 2). Third, a system is developed that automatically characterizes the pre-event state of the built asset and quantifies the probability that it is damaged by fusing information from deep neural network (DNN) classifiers acting on pre-event and post-event images (module 3). To complete the work, a methodology is developed to enable associating each asset of the built environment with a structural probabilistic vulnerability model by correlating the pre-event structure characterization to the post-event damage state (module 4). The method is demonstrated and validated using field data collected from recent hurricanes within the US.

The vision of this research is to enable the automatic extraction of information about exposure and risk to enable smarter and more resilient communities around the world.

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44

Costa, Cristina Margarida Chuva. "BIZ2BIS : a socio-technical approach to design inter-organizational business models and their undertlying information systems." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/24163.

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Tese de doutoramento em Engenharia Informática, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra
Information and communication technologies (ICTs), especially the Internet, have been gradually changing the playing field for organizations. The unparalleled connectivity achieved at minor costs altered the balance between transaction and coordination expenditures as well as the social, commercial, and geographical boundaries between companies. Inter-organizational networks flourished and their participants were given the chance to define new processes with different business rules and innovative value propositions. In these new and complex settings, organizations can cooperate and share goals while competing for a particular advantage. They can also leverage resources and intelligence to generate solutions that no firm alone would be able to achieve. Inter-organizational business models are frequently decentralized environments, without a single point of authority for decision-making or a hierarchy mandated to assign roles to the stakeholders. These can share interests but can also possess different and conflicting expectations. Moreover, the interconnected nature of inter-organizational networks makes it difficult to identify their boundaries and handle their dynamics. To maintain stability in the long run, the networked business model must be able to provide attractive and balanced value propositions for all those involved. Due to the difficulty in satisfying individual expectations and simultaneously promote the network goals, there is a need for guidelines to assist in designing and tuning the right business model. We developed a new approach, called BIZ2BIS (from Business Models to the Blueprint of the Information System) to discuss, design, and evaluate inter-organizational business models and derive high-level requirements for the underlying information system. It consists of an iterative and incremental process that involves the various stakeholders in seeking a set of value propositions that ensure that the various elements are willing to participate in a sustained manner. To conceive BIZ2BIS, we started with an exhaustive literature review on business models, which disclosed key topics and underlined the importance of their socio-technical nature. To address this dimension, we grounded our approach on the tenets of Actor-Network Theory (ANT). The approach also uses insights obtained from the study of business models to systematically identify the high-level requirements of their underlying information system in a business model driven way. We used the first draft of BIZ2BIS and two of its updated versions to analyze our three case studies: HowMuchIsIt, publishing an online journal, and GreenHomes. This allowed us to weed out potential preliminary problems and progressively enhance the approach maturity. In our last case, InovWine, we had the chance to act on its scenario. Action research guided BIZ2BIS application and our intervention. The process and instruments proposed in BIZ2BIS enable the systematic reasoning about inter-organizational business models, thus facilitating the discovery of potential dependencies, problems, and solutions to better the chances of getting the sustained commitment of the parties in these complex settings. It also provides an initial blueprint of the supporting information system.
A evolução protagonizada pelas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, em particular a Internet, tem alterado gradualmente a forma como as organizações operam e interagem. O fenómeno da comunicação em rede atingiu níveis sem precedentes, com custos de suporte comportáveis para a generalidade das instituições e dos cidadãos, o que alterou o equilíbrio entre as despesas de transacção e coordenação, assim como as fronteiras geográficas, sociais e comerciais. Proliferam redes inter-organizacionais que possibilitaram a definição de novos processos, com regras de negócio e propostas de valor inovadoras. Neste contexto, as organizações têm a possibilidade de explorar formas de cooperação que lhes sejam vantajosas. Os modelos de negócio inter-organizacionais são usualmente ambientes descentralizados desprovidos de um único ponto de controlo ou de uma hierarquia bem definida à qual seja reconhecida a capacidade de coordenar e atribuir papéis. Se por um lado as entidades envolvidas podem partilhar interesses, por outro podem possuir expectativas antagónicas. A complexidade das relações existentes cria ainda dificuldades adicionais à identificação dos limites da rede criada, ao papel de cada um dos seus elementos, à forma como interagem e à percepção da dinâmica da rede. Para manter a sua estabilidade a longo prazo, os modelos de negócio devem ser capazes de proporcionar propostas de valor atractivas, que fomentem o alinhamento dos diferentes interesses coexistentes e que promovam a participação de todos os envolvidos. A dificuldade em conciliar interesses individuais com os objectivos da rede enfatiza ainda a relevância de propor orientações para o desenho e refinamento do modelo de negócio. Nós desenvolvemos uma nova abordagem, denominada de BIZ2BIS (from Business Models to the Blueprint of the Information System) que possibilita a discussão, desenho e avaliação de modelos de negócio inter-organizacionais, bem como a identificação dos requisitos de alto nível dos seus sistemas de informação de suporte. Consiste num processo incremental que envolve os elementos da rede na procura de um conjunto de propostas de valor que os motive a participar na solução adoptada. A proposta teve como base uma revisão detalhada da literatura em modelos de negócio, o que nos permitiu identificar tópicos a abordar e detectar a importância de considerar a sua natureza sócio-técnica. Para abordar esta dimensão, inspirámo-nos nos princípios da Actor-Network Theory (ANT). A BIZ2BIS também utiliza contribuições obtidas a partir de modelos de negócio a que recorremos como casos. A sua primeira versão e duas posteriores actualizações foram utilizadas para analisar três estudos de caso: HowMuchIsIt, revista online e GreenHomes, o que nos permitiu, numa fase preliminar, eliminar potenciais problemas e progressivamente contribuir para a maturidade da abordagem. No quarto caso, InovWine, as nossas sugestões resultaram em alterações à forma como o modelo de negócio estava a ser concebido. A investigação-acção orientou o uso da BIZ2BIS e a nossa intervenção. O processo e os instrumentos propostos possibilitam o estudo sistemático de modelos de negócio inter-organizacionais, facilitando assim a descoberta de dependências, problemas e soluções que promovam o envolvimento sustentado das partes envolvidas. Este conhecimento é utilizado pela abordagem para especificar os requisitos de alto nível dos sistemas de informação de suporte.

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45

Everitt-Deering, Patricia. "The adoption of information and communication technologies by rural general practitioners: a socio technical analysis." Thesis, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1412/.

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This thesis has been supported by an ARC Industry Linkage grant and sought to explain the process of adoption of information technologies by comparing two main theories that have been developed to explain adoption of innovations, that of innovation diffusion and that of actor network theory. In the process of analysis for this thesis I decided very early on that the better way of explaining the pattern of adoption was by using the framework of actor network theory supported by qualitative methodology. A major contribution of this thesis could be seen as an ANT analysis of IT/IM in general practice. It appears that the multi partner, multi discipline research approach was a success for it created the opportunity to draw on diverse backgrounds. More importantly this research indicates that the qualitative research methodology of Actor Network Analysis has delivered an insight that is richer in data than the quantitative research that is usually undertaken in this field. This process assisted with enlightening the barriers and enablers to the adoption of information technology/information management (IT/IM) in general practice in a particular study area and to explain why, in the study area the pattern is fragmented and unclear. This study found it is important to note the difference between the adoption of IT/IM by general practice and adoption and use by general practitioners. The adoption process has been complex and many stakeholders have grappled with issues such as the cost of computerization, the rapid changes in technology, the lack of agreed standards and the problems of introducing technology information solutions in to the daily work place of general practice. Through comparison via case studies, extended interviews and implementing several study phases to develop a longitudinal aspect for the research, the teasing out of such issues as decision making in general practice and general practice as small business was undertaken. Through review of models that seek to explain adoption I will finalise by formalizing which theory of adoption better suits explanation of adoption of innovation within this study area. This thesis reports that while there are generally pockets of high uptake and use of IT/IM, this is not the complete picture across the study area and this reflects the situation in Australia. There are differences in adoption from one practice to another and even within practices; there are differences in adoption in terms of acceptance of an idea versus doing; in the study area there is only one practice which can reasonably claim to be paperless. Throughout this thesis a series of vignettes will be developed which set out to provide a whole play. Each vignette presents an aspect in the total picture of computerization. This thesis does not set out to provide the whole picture as that is still a work in progress, as such this thesis has no definite border, and the vignettes will sometimes show only the head and shoulders of the story with the background fading off. Other vignettes are very clear but as with all vignettes there are questions about the shaded areas. It is in these areas that questions arise to demonstrate there is greater depth in the story of the adoption of IT/IM in general practice in the study area, and, that adoption of IT/IM in general practice is complex and a continuing developmental story.

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46

Everitt-Deering, Patricia. "The adoption of information and communication technologies by rural general practitioners a socio technical analysis /." 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/1412/1/everittdeering.pdf.

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Анотація:

This thesis has been supported by an ARC Industry Linkage grant and sought to explain the process of adoption of information technologies by comparing two main theories that have been developed to explain adoption of innovations, that of innovation diffusion and that of actor network theory. In the process of analysis for this thesis I decided very early on that the better way of explaining the pattern of adoption was by using the framework of actor network theory supported by qualitative methodology. A major contribution of this thesis could be seen as an ANT analysis of IT/IM in general practice. It appears that the multi partner, multi discipline research approach was a success for it created the opportunity to draw on diverse backgrounds. More importantly this research indicates that the qualitative research methodology of Actor Network Analysis has delivered an insight that is richer in data than the quantitative research that is usually undertaken in this field. This process assisted with enlightening the barriers and enablers to the adoption of information technology/information management (IT/IM) in general practice in a particular study area and to explain why, in the study area the pattern is fragmented and unclear. This study found it is important to note the difference between the adoption of IT/IM by general practice and adoption and use by general practitioners. The adoption process has been complex and many stakeholders have grappled with issues such as the cost of computerization, the rapid changes in technology, the lack of agreed standards and the problems of introducing technology information solutions in to the daily work place of general practice. Through comparison via case studies, extended interviews and implementing several study phases to develop a longitudinal aspect for the research, the teasing out of such issues as decision making in general practice and general practice as small business was undertaken. Through review of models that seek to explain adoption I will finalise by formalizing which theory of adoption better suits explanation of adoption of innovation within this study area. This thesis reports that while there are generally pockets of high uptake and use of IT/IM, this is not the complete picture across the study area and this reflects the situation in Australia. There are differences in adoption from one practice to another and even within practices; there are differences in adoption in terms of acceptance of an idea versus doing; in the study area there is only one practice which can reasonably claim to be paperless. Throughout this thesis a series of vignettes will be developed which set out to provide a whole play. Each vignette presents an aspect in the total picture of computerization. This thesis does not set out to provide the whole picture as that is still a work in progress, as such this thesis has no definite border, and the vignettes will sometimes show only the head and shoulders of the story with the background fading off. Other vignettes are very clear but as with all vignettes there are questions about the shaded areas. It is in these areas that questions arise to demonstrate there is greater depth in the story of the adoption of IT/IM in general practice in the study area, and, that adoption of IT/IM in general practice is complex and a continuing developmental story.

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47

"Germany's Energy Transition Experiment: A Case Study about Guiding Decisions and Steering Large Socio-Technical Systems in Desired Directions." Doctoral diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49242.

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abstract: The Energiewende aims to drastically reduce Germany’s greenhouse gas emissions, without relying on nuclear power, while maintaining a secure and affordable energy supply. Since 2000 the country’s renewable-energy share has increased exponentially, accounting in 2017 for over a third of Germany's gross electricity consumption. This unprecedented achievement is the result of policies, tools, and institutional arrangements intended to steer society to a low-carbon economy. Despite its resounding success in renewable-energy deployment, the Energiewende is not on track to meet its decarbonization goals. Energiewende rules and regulations have generated numerous undesired consequences, and have cost much more than anticipated, a burden borne primarily by energy consumers. Why has the Energiewende not only made energy more expensive, but also failed to bring Germany closer to its decarbonization goals? I analyzed the Energiewende as a complex socio-technical system, examining its legal framework and analyzing the consequences of successive regulations; identifying major political and energy players and the factors that motivated them to pursue socio-technical change; and documenting the political trends and events in which the Energiewende is rooted and which continue to shape it. I analyzed the dynamics and the loopholes that created barriers to transition, pushed the utility sector to the brink of dissolution, and led to such undesirable outcomes as negative wholesale prices and forced exports of electricity to Germany’s European neighbors. Thirty high-level energy experts and stakeholders were interviewed to find out how the best-informed members of German society perceive the Energiewende. Surprisingly, although they were highly critical of the way the transition has unfolded, most were convinced that the transition would eventually succeed. But their definitions of success did not always depend on achieving carbon-mitigation targets. Indeed, Germany jeopardizes the achievement of these targets by changing too many policy and institutional variables at too fast a pace. Good intentions and commitment are not enough to create economies based on intermittent energy sources: they will also require intensive grid expansion and breakthroughs in storage technology. The Energiewende demonstrates starkly that collective action driven by robust political consensus is not sufficient for steering complex socio-technical systems in desired directions.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2018

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48

Doroshenko, Laurie L. "Using a model of the instructional design process in a complex socio-technical organization : a description and analysis of problems encountered." Thesis, 1985. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/5503/1/ML30644.pdf.

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49

Moglia, Magnus Mikael. "Water management in the developing town: a complex systems perspective." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8971.

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Provision of water services is a critical strategy for addressing worldwide poverty, and this is one of the most pressing challenges of current times and is linked to population growth and climate change. Progress has been slow in achieving even the Millennium Development Goals aimed at improving coverage of adequate water services and professionals are struggling to cope with the diversity and scale of situations. Water services provision is a context-dependent process and many types of situations are very challenging, such as that of small developing towns. This thesis addresses the problems of urban centres in Pacific Island Countries and the aim is to provide formal explanations of difficulties in these locations to support recommendations that recognize local constraints and opportunities to best practice management. This is achieved largely by employing a perspective based on the science of Complex Adaptive Systems. This perspective has been chosen in recognition that water management incorporates complex interactions between social, technical and natural systems. The research is case study based, focusing primarily on Tarawa in the Pacific Island nation of Kiribati. The methodology includes historical review of the case study, and the use of historical review, as well as interviews and observation in the field as well as a cross-cutting email-based Delphi survey. This has generated qualitative and quantitative data to allow for the formulation of scientific models, an Agent Based Model describing the complex interactions involved in water service delivery; and Bayesian Network models describing the factors impacting on the chances of successful management interventions. With improved explanation of the complex situation, this has been used to support the formulation of a strategic and adaptive governance framework; aiming to introduce much needed organisational memory, and a consistent strategic direction set on the basis of the effective stakeholder interaction. By recognising weakness in capacity, it is possible to turn these into strengths by building and utilising local knowledge and commitment.
Pascal Perez

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50

Heydenrych, Jacob Frederik. "Changing practices and systems: Implementing the online learning community at the University of South Africa." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1412.

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This study reports on the use of action research methodology to generate a critical reflective collaborative setting. The aim was to infuse the institution with the results of this study in order to stimulate debate on the issues regarding change in practice and systems. The suitability of Internet communication technologies, more specifically the online learning community, is evaluated as a delivery mode that would address today’s learning needs. This required the collaborative construction of knowledge in a community setting with the teacher enabling communication and interaction, and facilitating and stimulating the sharing and testing of ideas and constructs. But such a learning scenario was found to be significantly challenging to the current print-based learning experience. It implied a challenge to teaching and support staff as well as the questioning of the efficiency and legitimacy of current instructional design staff and procedures used. The teaching responsibilities and commitment in the online community was outlined as against current print-based teaching practice. The current development and production culture, which restricts innovation and change in practice and systems significantly, came under pressure. The success of the online learning community in the Unisa context was nevertheless significant and it has the potential to serve as an opportunity to re-examine print-based production and delivery and to devise strategies and solutions to increase the quality significantly.
Faculty of Education
D. Ed.

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Дисертації з теми "Socio-technical systems analysis and design"

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