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1
Reda, Latife. "The Socio-economic Aspects of hijra." Sociology of Islam 5, no. 2-3 (June 21, 2017): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00503002.
Анотація:
The paper highlights the socio-economic aspects of the concept of hijra or migration in the Islamic tradition. The paper argues that the conception of migration in the Islamic tradition has been shaped by not only religious and ethical values, but also social and economic motivations and consequences ever since the first migrations to Abyssinia and Medina. The paper addresses the notion and practice of hijra in Islamic history by highlighting its ethical and religious value as well as its nature and evolution into a socio-economic activity motivated by different forms of oppression, including social and political oppression as well as economic deprivation. The study draws on the history of Islam and the Islamic society, the sources of Islamic law and doctrines, and the thought of scholars in relation to the changes in approaches to migration, and the conceptualization of hijra as an activity motivated by oppression and economic hardship.
2
Malik, Shaista. "Muslims in Britain: History, Diversity, Socio-Economic Status." Journal of Development Policy Research & Practice (JoDPRP) 7, no. 1 (February 12, 2024): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.59926/jodprp.vol07/08.
Анотація:
This paper examines the growing presence of Muslims in the United Kingdom (UK), a community that, despite being a minority, is expanding rapidly according to data from the Oxford-based Migration Observatory. This research examines the diverse origins, cultures, languages, and religious beliefs of British Muslims, setting the stage to explore the multifaceted emergence of Islam and Muslims in the UK. The study investigates the various phases of Muslim migration, pinpointing the principal reasons for their arrival and the routes chosen by individuals from countries such as Pakistan, India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Syria, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, and Yemen to settle in cities like London, Glasgow, Birmingham, Cardiff, Bradford, Liverpool, Hull, and Sheffield. It identifies key factors driving the formation of Muslim communities in the UK, including political instability, ethno-religious conflicts, natural disasters, civil unrest, decolonisation, and labour shortages. Additionally, the paper assesses the socioeconomic status of Muslims in England and concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers. JEL Classification: A14, Z1.
3
Stavropolsky, Julius V. "Psychological factors of international migration in Eurasia." Nauka Kultura Obshestvo 26, no. 4 (2020): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/2308829x-2020-4.9.
Анотація:
Migrants characterized by a strong ethnic and national profile, measured through language preferences, their strength of orientation to their own ethnic or national group, as a rule, manifest low psychological, but the better socio-cultural results, because they have a deep understanding of their socio-cultural history, as well as build developed relationships in a broad socio-cultural context.
4
Md. Sobur Hossain and Nishat Tasnim. "Rural-urban migration in Rangpur city: A sociological study." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 006–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.3.1739.
Анотація:
The phenomenon of rural-to-urban migration has a long history. People’s attempts to move from rural areas to cities originated in ancient times. In this context, the migration history to Rangpur is brief. The history of urbanization in Rangpur began not too long ago, with people from various villages in the surrounding districts settling in the city. Through the lens of economic and socio-cultural perspectives, multiple factors have directly and indirectly influenced migration from rural areas to this city. Therefore, understanding its intricate meanings is only feasible by discussing rural-urban migration through a sociological research approach.
5
Omelchenko, Elena A., and Anna A. Shevtsova. "CHILDREN WITH A MIGRATION HISTORY IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF ORENBURG REGION." Historical Search 4, no. 3 (September 29, 2023): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2023-4-3-109-123.
Анотація:
Schools and kindergartens of Orenburg region, as well as many other regions of Russia, from the early 2000s began to accept children from migrant families of Central Asia and Transcaucasia for education. In the 2010s, this trend intensified, and classes began to be filled with already significant groups of children whose families had moved to the region over the past ten years. Orenburg Region is multinational in itself, so the influx of non-ethnic migrants only increased the multicultural nature of children’s and pedagogical collectives.
The purpose of the study is to determine the level of linguistic and socio-cultural adaptation of children with a migration history in the region, the degree of readiness of Orenburg region educational organizations to receive foreign minors and to form ideas about the attitudes of migrant families and students themselves for full socio-cultural integration into the Russian society.
Methods and materials. The source base of the study was made by statistical materials on migration processes, in-depth interviews and conversations with teachers and administration of educational organizations in Orenburg region, diagnostic examination of non-native speaking schoolchildren in three educational organizations of the region using a special technique.
The scientific novelty of the research lies in combination of applied ethnographic tools with the study of the current situation in the educational system of the region. The authors answer the problematic question: how to organize the work on linguistic and socio-cultural adaptation of foreign-speaking students, depending on the proportion of children with a migration history at school, the level of teachers’ education and qualification on the example of specific educational institutions in the cities Orenburg and Orsk, a suburban district of Orenburg region.
Study results. The data collected in a number of Russian cities in 2021–2022, including in the region under study, are analyzed, which give the opportunity to assert that the proportion of children from migrant families in school and the native language of foreign-speaking children are not the determining factors in the progress of linguistic and socio-cultural adaptation by means of education. The article gives a description of an approximate distribution of students with a migration history participating in the study in four groups, depending on the recommended model of language adaptation. The factor that significantly complicates the activities on linguistic and socio-cultural adaptation of migrant children in the conditions of the Orenburg region is emphasized: this is a “pendulum” migration, as well as long summer and winter holidays, when parents send their children to their homeland “to grandparents”, not really considering the need to support language practice. The data obtained during the study indicate that the majority of students with a migration history in Orenburg region associate their future with Russia: it is very important to support such children at the initial stage of adaptation and training in a Russian school, because, as a rule, they will be motivated to successfully study and move up the social ladder if the language barrier is overcome.
Conclusions. In general, the experience of many years of positive interethnic interaction accumulated in Orenburg region and reasonably structured national and migration policies create the basis for successful adaptation and integration of migrant families arriving in the region. However, if we talk about the educational system of Orenburg region, then in order to successfully solve the tasks of linguistic and socio-cultural adaptation of children with a migration history, Orenburg region schools need additional staff and financial support.
6
Jartybaev, A. E. "Toponyms along the Path of Historical Migration (Based on Materials from the Saryarka Region)." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 4, no. 118 (December 15, 2020): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2020/2664-0686.046.
Анотація:
In the article, the author examines toponyms along the path of historical migration of Central Kazakhstan (Karaganda and Zhezkazgan regions) on the basis of historical and geographical materials and works of researchers, and concludes that toponyms associated with internal migrations are mainly ethnotonyms. According to some historical information, the main modern inhabitants of Central Kazakhstan were moved to these lands around the beginning of the XVIII century, and at the beginning of the migration was the famous «Kaz Dauysty» Kazybek bi. The migration of the «Middle Zhuz» tribes from the South to the Central and Central-Northern regions through steppe Betpak was carried out due to the rational use of steppe roads of that time. We know three roads of them: 1. Khan zholy; 2. Sarysu zholy; 3. Kendirli zholy. The article discusses the reasons and history of naming toponyms marked on these historical paths. The socio-economic and historical-political factors of the internal migration of the «Middle Zhuz» (argyn, naiman), «Junior Zhuz» (tama, alshyn, zhagalbayly) of such socio-clan groups as the Kozha and the Kyrgyz are analyzed. At the end of the article, the author comes to the conclusion that hydronyms, oronyms, ethnonyms and toponyms of Central Kazakhstan after three centuries remain unchanged in spite of the historical, political and socio-genus changes that have occurred in Kazakhstan – this is proof of stability in ethnogenetic and geographical plans of our people.
7
Jartybaev, A. E. "Toponyms along the Path of Historical Migration (Based on Materials from the Saryarka Region)." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 4, no. 118 (December 15, 2020): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2020/2664-0686.046.
Анотація:
In the article, the author examines toponyms along the path of historical migration of Central Kazakhstan (Karaganda and Zhezkazgan regions) on the basis of historical and geographical materials and works of researchers, and concludes that toponyms associated with internal migrations are mainly ethnotonyms. According to some historical information, the main modern inhabitants of Central Kazakhstan were moved to these lands around the beginning of the XVIII century, and at the beginning of the migration was the famous «Kaz Dauysty» Kazybek bi. The migration of the «Middle Zhuz» tribes from the South to the Central and Central-Northern regions through steppe Betpak was carried out due to the rational use of steppe roads of that time. We know three roads of them: 1. Khan zholy; 2. Sarysu zholy; 3. Kendirli zholy. The article discusses the reasons and history of naming toponyms marked on these historical paths. The socio-economic and historical-political factors of the internal migration of the «Middle Zhuz» (argyn, naiman), «Junior Zhuz» (tama, alshyn, zhagalbayly) of such socio-clan groups as the Kozha and the Kyrgyz are analyzed. At the end of the article, the author comes to the conclusion that hydronyms, oronyms, ethnonyms and toponyms of Central Kazakhstan after three centuries remain unchanged in spite of the historical, political and socio-genus changes that have occurred in Kazakhstan – this is proof of stability in ethnogenetic and geographical plans of our people.
8
Tarricone, I., O. Lastrina, S. Tosato, M. Di Forti, R. M. Murray, B. Domenico, and C. Morgan. "Migration History and the Onset of Psychotic Disorders." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S66—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.069.
Анотація:
IntroductionResearch has established that there are high rates of first episode psychosis (FEP) in immigrant populations. These findings could indicate that socio-environmental risk factors, such as individual social class, social capital, early trauma, life events, neighborhood deprivation could be relevant in explaining the differences in incidence rates observed between migrants and natives, following the socio-developmental model of Morgan et al. (2010). Some preliminary results also indicate that migration history itself versus ethnicity could implicate higher risk of the onset of psychotic disorders.AimsTo present preliminary findings from the EUGEI European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene Environment Interactions study.MethodsPopulation based FEP incidence/case control study. Comparison of the incidence rate of FEP and of the distribution of several risk factors (e.g. substance abuse, neighborhood deprivation, urbanicity and trauma) in natives and migrants in different countries across Europe.ResultsPreliminary results of the EUGEI study will be discussed in comparison with previous evidences.ConclusionThe EUGEI study allows a deeper understanding of the excess of FEP found among migrants in Europe.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
9
S. Balraj, R. Sivakumar. "Socio-Economical Status of Inter-State Migrant Workers in Tamil Nadu." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.84.
Анотація:
Migration is an integral part of human history. It is world -wide phenomenon that affects the place of origin and destination of migrants. Migration has been understood as temporary or permanent shifting of place of labour from one region to another region, from one country to another country in a particular period of time. Migration has a number of socio-economic, cultural, political and demographic impacts on the lives of the migrant workers. There are many types of migration prevailing in India and elsewhere in the recent past, the inter-state migration has been most prevalent in the most of the Indian states. It is worthwhile to note here, the Inter-state migration poses a variety of challenges to state, for instance the state and centre government unable to keep record of data on the movement of migrant labour from one state to another state(s) or government at central and state level facing difficulties to assess their socio-economic abilities. This paper will explore the reasons for such migration, identify the socio-economic status of inter-state migrant workers and trying to frame suitable policy to enhance the livelihood of the migrant workers.
10
Sergii, Yerokhin, та Negovska Julia. "Вплив міграційних процесів на економічну безпеку держави". Migration & Law 2, № 2-4 (2022): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32752/2786-5185-2022-2-3-4-5-10.
Анотація:
The profound changes in the social structure of the postmodern society require the allocation of knowledge about migration as a special area of research on migration processes in the humanitarian paradigm. Currently, migration as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon is traditionally studied within the framework of various sciences, such as political science, sociology, history, jurisprudence, public administration, demography, etc. Economics also plays an important role. The processes of external migration are an integral part of the international delineation of labor and global economic relations in particular. Population dynamics, human resources deficit or surprisingly their high centralization, and diverse quality and composition in their interconnectedness significantly affect economic, geopolitical, and security trends around the world. The causes of migration are diverse. These include wars and armed conflicts, climate change and natural disasters, but above all, economic shocks and unstable economic situations in different countries. That is why migration as a certain socio-economic phenomenon should not be assessed as a purely positive or negative category. In view of the above, scientific and research works aimed at addressing the problem of economic security should be designed to identify and distinguish between positive and negative effects of migration on socio-economic processes in the respective State, as well as to formulate ways to neutralize the latter (negative) and develop and strengthen the former (positive) ones. Key words: migration processes; economic security; globalization.
11
Palczewska, Milena. "Migrations in Sociological Perspective." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2023-0062.
Анотація:
Abstract The phenomenon of migration can be observed from the times of the formation of larger population centers associated with a given area. It can be said that migrations have accompanied the entire history of mankind inseparably. Migration is caused by economic crises (economic migrations), political crises (political migrations) or are triggered militarily as part of “demographic weapon”. Migration should be considered in many aspects - both in terms of security as well as socio-economic. It affects many sectors of the functioning of the state. High mobility of the population contributes to the reduction of social and economic disparities between regions. It is also very beneficial from the economic point of view and contributes to the reduction of unemployment with a distinct regional structure. There are also so-called chain migrations. It turns out that migrants from a given country, region or locality tend to concentrate in the same places in the countries of migration destination. This is due to the access to information among migrants and the need to ensure a sense of security by living in one community. Contemporary migration is carried out practically from all countries of the world. A significant improvement in the mobility of the world’s population contributes to the intensification of this phenomenon. The processes of migration is not connected only to changing the place of residence, but also include changing the affiliation and adaptation of the individual to the community.
12
Табулдинова, А. М. "Migration process between Kazakhstan and China in 1920-1960 (history and socio-political situation)." Вестник КазГЮИУ, no. 4(59) (December 10, 2023): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48501/4875.2023.84.56.002.
Анотація:
В статье рассматривается история миграций между Казахстаном и Китаем в 1920-1960 годах, а также рассмотривается социально – экономические и политические изменения в обществе. This article deals with the history of migration between Kazakhstan and China in 1920-1960, as well as the socio-economic and political changes in society
13
Adedibu, Babatunde. "Origin, Migration, Globalisation and the Missionary Encounter of Britain's Black Majority Churches." Studies in World Christianity 19, no. 1 (April 2013): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2013.0040.
Анотація:
Britain's Christian landscape has a definitive imprint of African and Caribbean Christianities. The growth and proliferation of Black Majority Churches in Britain in the last one hundred years attest to the tenacity and gradual acceptance of the Pentecostal stream within Britain's chequered church history. Religion is now a major motor in migration as most migrants now sacralise their migration and place minimal emphasis on economic motivations. In spite of their religious subscriptions, African and Caribbean Christians also carry their socio-cultural backpacks to the West. This has resulted in the emergence of Christianities that are reflective of African and Caribbean cosmologies. This article gives an overview of the origin of Black Majority Churches in Britain and the role of globalisation and migration in identity formation within these churches whilst also examining the distinctive socio-religious praxis of the amazing Black church movement in Britain.
14
Thimm, Viola. "“I can give you money but there is no use. The best thing I [can] give you is education.” Negotiating Educational Migration and Gender in a Chinese Malaysian family." TRaNS: Trans -Regional and -National Studies of Southeast Asia 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/trn.2015.25.
Анотація:
AbstractOver the past two decades, Singapore has steadily become a popular destination for migrants. While the reasons for migrating to Singapore are many and contextual, labour and education have been the primary driving factors for attracting migrants from around the world to Singapore. Although a popular migrants’ destination, education and migration policies in Singapore are often gendered, and are negotiated along and across other axes of identification and differentiation such as ethnicity and ideas of ‘modernity’. This article analyses gendered educational migration from Malaysia to Singapore focusing particularly on how educational migration leads to female self-transformation. Specifically, I argue that social actors negotiate educational migration within their gendered family constellations. The article first contextualises the empirical material by illustrating socio-historical processes in Singapore and Malaysia. In the next sections, I discuss my ethnographic methods and examine a brief history of the state of research in gender and educational migration. In conclusion, I offer a significant contribution to the growing and important body of scholarship on gender and transnational families by illustrating how gender is negotiated in migration using the case of a single Chinese woman's migration journey to becoming a ‘modern woman’.
15
Duisenkul, Aryn. "CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES TO MIGRATION PROCESSES IN KAZAKHSTAN." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 69, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-1.1728-8940.12.
Анотація:
The article reviwed the main causes of migration processes in Kazakhstan and their consequences for social systems. Also, in the given article, the author grouped economical, social and politic factors that gave impulse to the moving of population from one place to another, based on the works of domestic and foreign authors describing the migration situation in Kazakhstan and the countries of Central Asia. Migration processes have had a direct impact on demographic, socio-economic and cultural changes in the country's history.
16
Chamekh, Mohamed. "Illegal Migration in Tunisian Rap." ATHENS JOURNAL OF MEDITERRANEAN STUDIES 7, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajms.7-1-3.
Анотація:
This article explores illegal migration through Tunisian rap. It considers this music an aspect of resistance and protest against the socio-economic and political conditions obliging thousands of Tunisians to cross the Mediterranean in makeshift boats in search of better prospects and challenging the increasing security and legislative measures crippling mobility imposed by the EU and Tunisian authorities. This article contends that harga songs document the history of the working class in Tunisia and carve the identity of harraga as people who have been marginalised for generations. It concludes that EU-Tunisia security talks and dialogues remain ineffective as long as the root causes of illegal migration have not been addressed. Keywords: illegal migration, Tunisian rap, resistance, marginalization, security, immobility, identity
17
Felgueiras, P., and P. Barbosa. "Psychotic disorders in migrant population." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S732—S733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1940.
Анотація:
IntroductionOne of the defining features of the modern world is a large scale migration that occurs due to a range of factors, from political conflicts to personal and voluntary reasons. This process can cause a severe disruption in individuals’ biography and can be followed by a large period of adaptation and a phenomenon of acculturation. Surprisingly, there is little research on the impact of migration and settlement on risk of psychosis.ObjectivesRegarding a clinical case, we aim to enphasize the current evidence about the risk of psychotic disorders in migrants.MethodsWe present a qualitative review of this topic using the Pubmed database.Results27 years old portuguese female, with hyperthymic temperament and history of depressive episode. Her process of migration in 2016 was motivated by an academic purpose. In context of stressful life events she developed psychotic symptoms - messianic and persecutory delusions, with visual and auditory hallucinations.ConclusionsThere is an increased risk of psychosis among migrant population that is well documented. This is even the main risk factor with the exception of a family history of psychosis. The risk can be explained by socio-demographic and psychological features, factors involving the migration process, and socio-occupational environment in the host country. A socio-developmental-cognitive model theorize how exposure to a stressful environment and social defeat interacts with underlying genetic risk to create an enduring liability to psychosis. These findings can help in important decisions about mental health resources and accessibility, including protocols to identify and treat migrants at higher risk of mental diseases.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
18
Furholt, Martin. "Massive Migrations? The Impact of Recent aDNA Studies on our View of Third Millennium Europe." European Journal of Archaeology 21, no. 2 (September 28, 2017): 159–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2017.43.
Анотація:
New human aDNA studies have once again brought to the forefront the role of mobility and migration in shaping social phenomena in European prehistory, processes that recent theoretical frameworks in archaeology have downplayed as an outdated explanatory notion linked to traditional culture history. While these new genetic data have provided new insights into the population history of prehistoric Europe, they are frequently interpreted and presented in a manner that recalls aspects of traditional culture-historical archaeology that were rightly criticized through the 1970s to the 1990s. They include the idea that shared material culture indicates shared participation in the same social group, or culture, and that these cultures constitute one-dimensional, homogeneous, and clearly bounded social entities. Since the new aDNA data are used to create vivid narratives describing ‘massive migrations’, the so-called cultural groups are once again likened to human populations and in turn revitalized as external drivers for socio-cultural change. Here, I argue for a more nuanced consideration of molecular data that more explicitly incorporates anthropologically informed mobility and migration models.
19
Kujur, Roshni, and Sumit Kumar Minz. "Proliferation of Tribal Migrants and Repercussion: Case Study from the Tribal Areas of Sundargarh District, Odisha (India)." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.4.1.04.
Анотація:
The trends of migration introduce since human history, determined by their socio-economic conditions, culturally connection, political impediments and habitant circumstances. Migration is an inevitable element of human life, mostly believed to take place in search of a better livelihood, employment opportunities etc. But, a country like India, experiences different folds of human mobility due to its acute population, economic disparities and lack of employment opportunities. The study has structured the attitude of Tribal labour migrants of Sundargarh District, Odisha, a highly tribal populated region, a symbol of naturally attached to their land and forest. It has taken effort to trace down different driving factors leading to perpetual tribal migration from their ancestral land to different urban regions of the country. It has further analysed the socio-economic conditions at the place of their origin and destination to understand different nature and trends of migration among the rural tribals. This study has conducted intensive fieldwork in four selected blocks of Sundargarh district of Odisha, and primarily recorded to examine the socio-economic conditions of the tribals and their perception regarding migration. It also reveals some of the experiences of the respondents concerning their migration. The study finally finds that the migration among tribals is more a result of compulsion than a choice to have a better livelihood. Indeed, these poor tribals not only experience a tough life but also often prone to human rights violation in their new destination, just earn to tide over their distress situation, but no ways help to accumulate capital.
20
DE HAAS, MICHIEL. "MOVING BEYOND COLONIAL CONTROL? ECONOMIC FORCES AND SHIFTING MIGRATION FROM RUANDA-URUNDI TO BUGANDA, 1920–60." Journal of African History 60, no. 3 (November 2019): 379–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853719001038.
Анотація:
AbstractMigration was a crucial component of the spatially uneven formation of labour markets and export-oriented economies in colonial Africa. Much of this mobility was initiated by migrants themselves rather than by colonial authorities. Building on analytical concepts from economic history and migration theory, this study explains the changing composition and magnitude of one such uncontrolled migration flow, from Ruanda-Urundi to Buganda. Migrants’ mobility choices – when to migrate, for how long, and with whom – proved highly responsive to shifting economic opportunity structures on the sending and receiving ends. Initially, large differences in terms of land and labour endowments, socio-economic structures, and colonial interventions, combined with substantial scope for price arbitrage, created large spatial inequalities of opportunity and strong incentives for circular male labour migration. Over time, however, migration contracted as opportunities in Ruanda-Urundi and Uganda converged, not in the least as a result of large-scale mobility itself.
21
Belyaeva, Lyudmila. "Eastern vector of mass migrations in Russia in domestic studies of the 19th - first half of the 20th centuries." Vestnik instituta sotziologii 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2023.14.1.1.
Анотація:
Modern Russia clearly demonstrates the trend of recent decades - the movement of the population from the East and North to the European Central and Southern part of the country. The main reasons for relocation to these regions are the developed social and socio-cultural infrastructure, employment and professional opportunities that would allow families to lead a full life. An eastward turn of migration flows could gradually solve the problem of overpopulation in the megacities of the European part of the country. But, as statistics show, the process of outflow of the population from the eastern regions has only slowed down so far, but has not stopped. In the history of Russia there were various spontaneous and organised movements of large masses of people, mainly in eastern directions, in connection with the continuous expansion of its borders and the need to develop new territories. These processes became especially active in the 19th century. First, as an independent resettlement of peasants with small allotments, later in the middle of the century with the state support. At the beginning of the 20th century organised migration accelerated in connection with the implementation of the Stolypin reforms. In just four years (1907–1911), 2.6 mln people moved to the East of Russia. The article presents the works of Russian researchers of the 19th - early 20th centuries, dedicated to mass migrations of the population from the Center of Russia to the East. The works can be organised in two groups. One group introduces the public to the natural, ethnographic, and sanitary conditions in the new territories, and tells the history of the conquest and settlement in these places. In other works, migration practices themselves are studied, with the study of information about migrants, their composition, socio-demographic and other characteristics. Questioning methods were used, tracing the reasons for resettlement, assessments of new places, psychological motives for resettlement. The revolutionary changes in Russia in 1917 accelerated the migration of the population. In the first fifteen years after the revolution, these processes were studied quite actively (O.V. Kvitkin, S.G. Strumilin). Since the mid-1930s, the study of migration has been curtailed, although this was a period of intensive voluntary and forced displacement of the country's inhabitants, amateur and organised migrations. The main flow of migrants was directed from the village to the city, from the Center to the East, that was associated with the accelerated urbanisation and industrialisation of the country.
22
Akoka, Karen. "Reversing the Gaze from Refugees to Labelers: For a Socio-history of Labeling." Social Research: An International Quarterly 91, no. 2 (June 2024): 459–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sor.2024.a930751.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT: This article is a plea for a theoretical and methodological approach in asylum and migration studies that enables distance from the institutional categories and taxonomy of refugees and migrants. It suggests reversing the gaze from "refugees" and "migrants" to the societies that label them as such and studying the historical evolutions of labeling operations with a strict definition of the refugee as the product of labeling. Applied to the study of the evolution of the refugee/migrant labeling in France from the 1950s to the 1990s, this approach shows the political dimension and constant redefinition of the migrant/refugee binary. As such it questions the division between refugee and asylum studies and invites going beyond the documentation of the experiences of exiles to include the political production of inclusion, exclusion, and hierarchies among them.
23
Panchenko, Tetyana. "FEATURES OF THE MIGRATION MOVEMENT OF UKRAINIANS TO GERMANY AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT." Strategic Panorama, no. 1-2 (December 15, 2019): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53679/2616-9460.1-2.2019.04.
Анотація:
The article deals with a popular direction of the migration movement of Ukrainians in the conditions of increasing migration flows from Ukraine, in particular, the migrations of Ukrainians to Germany. The purpose of article is an analysis the current wave of migration from Ukraine to Germany and assessing the prospects for the development of migration processes in this direction. The modern fifth wave of migration from Ukraine to Germany, which began after 2010, stands out as an integral part of the history of Ukrainian migration and differs from the”wage-earning» wave on the grounds that it is characterized also by noneconomic motives of migration. The quantitative and socio-demographic characteristics of Ukrainian migrants, especially the fifth wave, their migration experience, educational level and employment were determined on the basis of an analysis of data from the Federal Office of Statistics of Germany and other sources. Particular attention is paid to highly skilled labour migrants from Ukraine who came to Germany after 2010: the reasons for their migration, sources of access to the German labour market, primarily through the Blue Card program and through the educational channel, are being investigated. Further prospects for labour migration from Ukraine to Germany are evaluated in the context of the new migration law in Germany: done a comparative analysis of the migration attractiveness of Germany and Poland, which has significantly simplified migration from Ukraine, and assessed the possibility of returning migrant workers to Ukraine. It is concluded that a further gradual increase in the number of highly skilled Ukrainians in Germany and the final elimination of the fifth wave of Ukrainian migration is dominated by professionals.
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Alarcón, Renato D., Antonio Lozano-Vargas, Elvia Velásquez, Silvia Gaviria, José Ordoñez- Mancheno, Miriam Lucio, and Alina Uribe. "Venezuelan Migration in Latin America: History and sociodemographic aspects." Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatria 85, no. 2 (June 21, 2022): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v85i2.4228.
Анотація:
The migration of millions of Venezuelans to South American countries in the last two or three decades is one of the most significant social phenomena in the continent’s history. This article presents a brief historical account of the process and describes a variety of dramatic aspects of the migrants’ experiences throughout the long road towards Colombia, Ecuador, Perú and other countries. The main socio-demographic characteristics of the migrant population (numbers, population types, geographic location in the host country, age, gender and civil status, work and employment) in the above three countries, are described as a relevant basis of further inquiries on the repercussions of migration on the mental health of its protagonists. The information covers important aspects of the journey and the arrival as the initiation of a painful and uncertain process of acculturation and adaptation.
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Tursun, Kh, and А. Kabyl. "Archival Data of the Activity of Sericul Aldabergenov, which Began from the Alash Idea and Ended with Migration." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 126, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2022-4/2664-0686.33.
Анотація:
The article, based on data from secret funds, restores the political activities of the representative of the movement Alash Serikula Aldabergenov, whose identity has not yet been investigated. Under the Soviet rule, the political activity of S. Aldabergenov, who participated in the First All-Kazakh Congress with М. Shokai in 1917, which held in Orinbor, took on the most difficult character. The fact that under colonial power he was a regional administrator is evidenced by archival data on the beginning of subsequent political repressions. S. Aldabergenov's documents from secret funds made it possible to reconstruct his biography and socio-political activities, which are still unknown. His commitment to the Alash idea was expressed as resistance to reforms of Soviet power in 1929–1934. He was one of the organizers of the migration of the population, who experienced pressure from the totalitarian authorities to Uzbekistan and Tajikistan from the south of Kazakhstan. This fact served as the basis for concluding that he was the leader. The article proposes the concept of formulating the phenomenon of migration, which has become one of the «white spots» in the history of the Fatherland. The article presents a new conclusion regarding the phenomenon of migration, which has become one of the topical issues in Fatherland’s history. Data from secret funds in special archives made it possible to draw new conclusions about the history of migrations. It is proved that the transfer process was not spontaneous, but was organized with the involvement of Soviet leaders along with representatives of the traditional elite.
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Yenigun, İbrahim, Vildan Balcı, Abdullah Yenigun, and Sinan Uyanik. "Yesterday, today, tomorrow; environmental refugees." Defense and Security Studies 4 (August 7, 2023): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/dss.v4.id241.
Анотація:
Migrations, which are as old as the history of mankind, have taken place for many reasons and have increased with the addition of new ones. Although wars and economic concerns are among the main causes, environmental problems have been one of the reasons that should be accepted in today's world. Environmental problems that threaten the lives of all living beings, especially human beings, pose numerous risks. Moreover, these risks have reached unlimited and global dimensions. One of these risks is the forced migration of people due to various environmental problems, especially climate change. Those who have experienced this migration are defined as "environmental refugees", and they occupy an important place in recent literature. While many of the problems associated with the millions of migrants are still unresolved today, the fact that environmental refugees are being added with increasing momentum clearly demonstrates the importance of including this issue in research agendas. It is also a fact that migration poses serious problems not only for the migrants who are its subjects, but also for the countries of emigration. The importance of the subject from both sides and the fact that it is pregnant with many problems, which can be seen with the domino effect, made it necessary to study the subject in detail. Based on these considerations, in the study; the history of environmental refugees, its causes, problems, environmental refugees mobility in recent years, possible future scenarios, socio-social-economic dimensions are discussed, evaluation and solutions are given.
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Ivanova, Mariya B., та Yaroslav A. Glukhov. "Migration mobility of the population of South Asiа: On the example of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan". RUDN Journal of Economics 31, № 1 (15 грудня 2023): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-1-146-158.
Анотація:
The countries of South Asia are among the most densely populated on the planet. Active migration processes are observed in the region, which have an impact on the socio-economic development of countries. The statistical data and reports of the International Organization for Migration of the United Nations served as an empirical basis for studying the migration mobility of the population of the countries of South Asia. The study is based on information on the structure of emigration and immigration of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan in absolute and relative terms. For greater clarity, a cartographic method was used: author’s maps were created that reflect the specifics of migration processes in the countries of South Asia in terms of absolute and relative indicators. The scientific base concerning economic and social development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan is systematized. The study revealed the specifics of migration flows in the countries of the region on the basis of statistical information on the emigration and immigration of citizens, calculated in absolute and relative terms. The factors influencing the migration mobility of the population are revealed. A retrospective analysis of migration processes in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan was carried out to identify similar and different features in their history that continue to influence the current migration processes taking place in the region. The reasons for the popularity of India among migrants from neighboring countries of South Asia are substantiated. The influence of the heritage of British India on modern interstate processes in South Asia is shown. The differentiation of intraregional and interregional migration flows in South Asia is analyzed. An assessment is made of the impact of migration processes on the socio-economic development of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The characteristics of the current features in the migration situation in the countries of South Asia are formulated.
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Bandela, Anil Prasad, and Swapan Kumar Kolay. "Migration of Tribal Women: Human Rights Deprivation." Asian Review of Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 5, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2013.2.1.1232.
Анотація:
Migration is a complex issue which cannot be stopped. The migrants who work out of their locations face lot of oppression and rights violation in regards to work allocation, economic, socio and political aspects. If the migrants are women their problems are inexpressible and sometimes beyond to address. The indigenous women who are left in the dark, forced to endure extreme poverty. They live in politically unstable and geographically remote regions where there is a lack of adequate education, infrastructure, and healthcare. Migration from one area to another in search of improved livelihoods is a key feature of human history. Migration tends to be seen as problematic, when it comes to women it is very hard to accept and cope-up. The study had conducted in Bastar Block in Chhattisgarh to find out the status of the migrants.
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Tarricone, I., M. Braca, E. Mencacci, M. V. Marseglia, M. De Gregorio, N. Colonna, S. Panigada, E. Stivanello, and D. Berardi. "ECP02-03 - Research perspectives in transcultural psychiatry for young psychiatrists?" European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73501-5.
Анотація:
IntroductionMigration is a growing phenomenon in western countries. Several studies report a greater prevalence of psychiatric disorders among migrants. Some studies indicate a interesting relation between such disorders in migrants and their migration history, particularly the process of integration in the host country (Bhugra and Jhons 2005; Morgan et al 2010).AimsTo present the Bologna Migration History Questionnaire, that is a research tool to study the migration history and identify the related determinants of psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe conducted a literature review on questionnaires used to study the determinants of psychiatric disorders in migrants and on etiopathogenetic hypotheses. We identified the main determinants to be investigated and expanded a research tool already used in a Mental Health Centre (MHC) of Bologna accordingly. A first version of this tool was discussed during a workshop with fieldworkers from different MHCs in Italy and with international experts on migration and mental health.ResultsThe developed tool includes three sections: 1) Pre-migration phase; 2) Migration phase; 3) Post-migration phase. Through the tool, information is gathered on: socio-economic factors that precede and follow the migration, reasons and organization of the migration, relations and social support in the host country, detected changes and satisfaction achieved within different fields of experience. Information can be retrieved either from medical records or through semi-structured interviews with the patients within a month from the first contact.ConclusionsCurrently the tool has been distributed to different Italian MHC to assess its feasibility with regard to data collection and the appropriateness of questions. Young psychiatrists and trainees show great interest in this study. We discuss discuss research perspectives for young psychiatrists within international research projects to better investigate the relation between migration and mental health in western countries.
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Katsarski, Nikolay. "FACTORS DETERMINING MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061729k.
Анотація:
Migration as a phenomenon is present in the whole history of mankind. It is an unexplained urge for people to change, which is expressed in the search for security, happiness and opportunity for development. At different times, migration plays an important role in the lives of individuals, countries and continents, and becomes an important factor in the development of civilizations, their destiny and security. Politics plays a key role in the development and construction of migratory behavior in society. As a factor, it is related to the security of people, their interests in which their rights should not be violated or they should not be harmed in any way. Political instability and attitude to democratic potential are emerging as a reason for the emergence of migratory attitudes. Nowadays this factor is shifted from the socio-economic one.Migration factors are predominant in terms of economic divergences in some countries. The state of the economy in the countries plays a leading role. A lower standard of living will continue to be a supporting factor for external migration. In many countries there are negative trends in employment, economic activity and unemployment. There are a number of social problems related to the reduction of the living potential of the population. Poverty in one country strongly determines the motivation of the people. The inability of people to lead a normal and fulfilling life leads them to start looking for a better standard abroad.In today's globalization, migration is global. As a socio-economic phenomenon it is associated with the dynamics and mechanical movement of the population in the countries and regions. The consequences of migration processes can affect the demographic development of the population, the economy and other aspects of the life of the population. Their consequences are generally negative, although there are those that can also be considered positive.
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Mikhalev, Nikolay A. "RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION IN THE URALS ACCORDING TO THE 1970 ALL-UNION POPULATION CENSUS." Ural Historical Journal 79, no. 2 (2023): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-37-47.
Анотація:
In Russia, migration processes have always played a huge political and socio-economic role. The 20th century passed for the country under the sign of industrialization and urbanization, which, on the one hand, determined the strategic direction of modernization, and on the other hand, acted as the main coordinates that determined the movement of the population. It is common knowledge that migration from rural to urban areas was the main migration trend of modern Russian history, reflecting the accelerated development of the country’s urbanization processes. The most important source of data on migration is population censuses, which allow supplementing and clarifying the materials of the current statistical observation. A special place among them is occupied by the 1970 All-Union population census as the first post-war census, which program included questions about migration. The article aims at identifying regional specifics of rural-urban migration of the Urals population based on the materials of the 1970 census — determining the size and ratio of the flows that made up this migration, as well as assessing the intermediate results of its impact on the dynamics of the region’s population composition by the beginning of the 1970s. It is shown that even in the most urbanized regions of the Urals, villagers arriving in urban settlements constituted about a third of the total migration flow, while 23 times more than the number of migrants heading in the opposite direction, from city to village. Almost the same difference characterized the differences between the relative indicators of the migration intensity of the urban and rural population of the region.
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Kunwar, Laxman Singh. "Cross-border migration process of Nepalese people to India." Nepal Population Journal 18, no. 17 (December 31, 2018): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/npj.v18i17.26380.
Анотація:
There is unique historical, socio-economic and political relationship between Nepal and India. Nepal and India has open boarder and there is long history of people’s migration from one country to another by crossing the border. There is no need of any formal document documents (passport, visa) for people of both country in cross border migration process Therefore, this study is confined to analyze the factors associated with cross border migration process of Nepalese people to India. In total, 809 households were randomly selected from studied VDC Daijee of Kanchanpur district. Structured questionnaires were designed to collect the information. In study Daijee VDC of Kanchanpur, out of 809 households, 426 households were cross border migrants households (current and returned). Ancestor’s participation, information provided by friends, self-decision of migrants themselves and moving alone by crossing border were reported as main contributors in cross border migration process.
33
Cvetković, Vladimir N., and Dejan Petrović. "Migration in Modern Serbia – Managing and Mediating Refugee Flows." Law, Identity and Values 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2023): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55073/2023.2.33-50.
Анотація:
This study outlines the socio-historical context of the movement of populations in a geographical area that roughly corresponds to contemporary Serbia, examining the migration flows in this area since the 19th century. It examines data on the migration management that Serbia undertook during the migrant and refugee crisis of 2015 and the events that followed. This analysis revealed an amalgam of the continuity and discontinuity of migration flows in Serbian society. Serbia has a relatively long history of external migration driven by economic and political circumstances, during which these two groups of drivers trade places based on their dominance. However, a new phenomenon has transformed the entire Serbian territory into a transit zone for migrants and refugees from the Middle East, Africa, and Central Asia attempting to reach the EU. Further, the study demonstrates how Serbian institutions manage these processes by providing various statistical data and commentary on these data.
34
PAZ, OMRI. "The usual suspect: worker migration and law enforcement in mid-nineteenth-century Anatolia." Continuity and Change 30, no. 2 (August 2015): 223–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416015000235.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTTrials held in Anatolia around the mid-nineteenth century suggest that labour migrants became ‘the usual suspects’ in felony cases. Since the 1980s, a significant body of work on migration has emerged. Uncovering the voices of individual migrants has been a major endeavour of these studies. By following a legal case concerning one labour immigrant, and applying the methods of microhistory, this article aims to show how a socio-legal reading of migration is useful in reconstructing the history of immigrants, especially in the nineteenth century, when migration became a legal issue. Second, the article aims to demonstrate the potential of diaspora theory for analysing and explaining the experience of labour immigrants from the Balkans and the Aegean Islands during the nineteenth century, among them the protagonist of this paper.
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Tosato, S., C. Bonetto, I. Tarricone, M. Ruggeri, S. Tomassi, C. Morgan, and G. Eugei. "Trauma and Migration in First Episode Psychosis." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.067.
Анотація:
IntroductionResearches show that the period of migration, or the migration process itself, may confer an increased risk for psychosis. Some studies have addressed whether the high rates of psychosis found in migrants could be due to higher genetic or environmental risk factors. Facing severe or chronic stress such as trauma, social isolation, low socio-economic status, late-life social adversity may result in long term, sometimes permanent, alterations of the biological stress response system, leading to the onset of psychosis.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine, in a large sample of first episode psychosis patients, whether negative social experiences like stressful life events and difficulties, trauma and isolation have significantly higher frequencies in migrants with respect to natives.MethodsThe present study is conducted within the framework of the EUGEI (European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene Environment Interactions) study, a Europe-wide incidence and case–control study of psychosis conducted in 12 centers chosen to include areas with large first and subsequent generation migrant populations.Data about age, gender, migration history, trauma, life events, ethnicity, social class and family history of mental disorders have been collected.ResultsPreliminary data on the relationship between trauma and migration in first episode psychosis will be presented.ConclusionsSince migration is an important stressful life event, and difficulties in integration in host countries may remain chronic, it is important to identify in each context the most vulnerable minority groups in order to implement targeted prevention interventions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Parkhomenko, Natalia. "MIGRATION PROCESSES AND NATIONAL ELITES." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 22 (2017): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2017.22.7.
Анотація:
In the conditions of globalization, the intensification of relations between different States is taking place; the formation of a common market of capital, technologies and goods is formed. In this merged market there is a segment of the labor market, in which intellectual migration plays an extremely important role. At the present phase, migration processes attract more and more attention of scientists in all leading countries of the world. A special place takes intellectual migration. Human bieng, the human factor, especially their intellect, the educational potential has become a real capital. And migration itself forms the bulk of this capital. Migration is becoming more and more differentiated in terms of educational, qualification and professional characteristics, constantly involving new categories and groups of people in the staffing exchange. From ancient times, intellectual migration has been characterized by the constant movement of scientific staff between universities, which, obviously, determined the growth of prestige and the scientific, educational level of a university. Even in the history of Ukraine we can mention Yury Drohobych (Kotermak), professor and rector of the University of Bologna, professor of the Jagiellonian University, Mykhailo Drahomanov, professor at the Higher School in Sofia (now - Sofia University), etc. The present dictates similar needs in intelligence, which is addressed by promising scientists in the search for self-realization. Disproportionately smaller is the "flow" of scientific personnel to Ukraine. But such examples also take place. James Mace, a well-known historian, political scientist, researcher of the Holodomor, moved to Ukraine for scientific research and linked his scientific and livelihood with our country. In Ukraine, such migration processes are characterized by dynamism, diversity and a set of causes, not only of internal scientific, but also socio-economic nature. Over the past decades, part of the scientists who were unable to adapt to the new socio-economic conditions of post-Soviet Ukraine and could not "stay in science" by migrating to other areas of human activity, for example, in business or migrating to other countries. This, in turn, led to an imbalance in the scientific and educational spheres, and created new challenges and threats to the national educational and scientific sector, which affected the level of technical and technological development of Ukraine. The main goals of this paper is to determine the specifics of migration processes in the intellectual sphere, to identify their causes and social mechanisms, to analyze general and special factors of intellectual migration, to identify trends in intellectual migration and to create the appropriate conditions for the development of intellectual potential of Ukraine. Modern international intellectual migration is made up of two parts: highly qualified specialists who migrate from one developed country to another (mainly within Europe) and from specialists from Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe. Developing countries (this group can be safely attributed to Ukraine), as a result of the "outflow of intelligence" are experiencing great complications due to the lack of high-skilled and secondary education. That is why the "outflow of intelligence" is seen as the migration of highly skilled and talented specialists from poor and / or isolated countries to industrial centers. This process is permanent, and is steadily gaining momentum, increasing the flows of highly skilled migrants to the European Union States, and especially the United States of America.
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Wheeler, Brittany L., Juno Fitzpatrick, and Kees van der Geest. "The Ongoingness of Migration: Marshallese Well-Being in the United States." Journal of Disaster Research 17, no. 3 (April 1, 2022): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p0335.
Анотація:
Marshallese mobility long precedes the deep disruptions of nuclear history, contemporary climate-induced migration debates, and the ongoing socio-economic, legal, and geopolitical discourses about the freely associated relationship between the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and the United States (U.S.). Nonetheless, understanding the well-being of the Marshallese people today requires an acknowledgment of the multiple factors that have drawn at least one-third of the RMI’s citizens to live in the U.S. over the last half century, as well as a firm grasp of how they live, work, and advocate for their communities in this diaspora. This article makes the argument that migration with dignity will always require attention to the ongoingness of history, migration, and lives. Beyond this, we argue that ongoingness is more than a vague, conceptual notion we might use to describe – or even dismiss – complex histories and present-day uncertainty about addressing migration-related issues. Rather, we present a series of qualitative studies, conducted over more than five years, to indicate how the ongoingness of migration can be made tangible for studying, understanding, and potentially expanding migration – and life – with dignity. This paper discusses three aspects of ongoingness that impact the well-being of the Marshallese who live in the U.S.: their ongoing relationship with their home environment, their ongoing relationship with the law, and their ongoing relationship with notions and practices of responsibility and repair.
38
Kolomiyets, Natalia, and Vitaliy Goletc. "Migration of the population due to full-scale military aggression against Ukraine." Migration & Law 3, no. 3-4 (August 2023): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32752/2786-5185-2023-3-3-4-37-52.
Анотація:
The article highlights the changes in the migration situation in Ukraine after the full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation, and proposes proposals for improving migration policy based on its analysis. It is determined that after the full-scale military invasion on February 24, 2022, Ukraine faced unprecedented challenges in its modern history. The military aggression against Ukraine has led to an unprecedented migration of the Ukrainian population since World War II. After Ukraine gained independence on August 24, 1991. Ukraine gained its independence on 24 November 1991, migration went through a certain evolution: at first, movements were mainly ethnic (due to the collapse of the USSR), Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars, formerly politically repressed, returned to their homeland, and, over time, socio-economic factors of migration became decisive. As a result of the war, migration from Ukraine abroad became the only option for many Ukrainians to save their lives and families. Although temporary migration remains the predominant model of migration behaviour, there is a growing tendency for temporary migration to turn into permanent migration, which threatens to inevitably lead to the loss of a part of the intellectual and labour potential. The author proposes to urgently formulate an adequate state migration policy and legislation that will help ensure regulated and safe migration, protect the rights of migrants and create security, economic and social preconditions for the return of Ukrainians to their homeland. Key words: migration; migration policy; military aggression; Ukraine
39
Tsykunov, Grigoriy. "Little Towns of the Irkutsk Region: Analysis of Socio-Economic Situation." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 21, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2020.21(1).80-96.
Анотація:
The article examined socio-economic issues of little towns in the Irkutsk region in retrospect and in perspective of their development. The author explored the place and role of little towns in the history of Russia and its regions, identified a group of little towns, conditions for their formation, based on the population settlement and industrial development of the region. In the article the author defined the concepts of a city-forming enterprise and a monotown that are widely practiced in urban settlements of the region, and devoted special attention to the analysis of the demographic status of little towns, population dynamics, and natural and migration movements. The research revealed the processes of natural population decline caused by a decrease in the birth rate and rise in mortality, as well as the migration outflow of residents of little towns. The author examined the social situation of urban settlements that suffered extensive losses in the new economic conditions. The research concluded that bed/population ratio in regional little towns, including the number of doctors and nursing staff, is significantly behind the regional indicators. The author put forwards ideas how to preserve the historical and socio-economic identity of little towns.
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Tsykunov, Grigoriy. "Little Towns of the Irkutsk Region: Analysis of Socio-Economic Situation." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 21, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2020.21(1).80-96.
Анотація:
The article examined socio-economic issues of little towns in the Irkutsk region in retrospect and in perspective of their development. The author explored the place and role of little towns in the history of Russia and its regions, identified a group of little towns, conditions for their formation, based on the population settlement and industrial development of the region. In the article the author defined the concepts of a city-forming enterprise and a monotown that are widely practiced in urban settlements of the region, and devoted special attention to the analysis of the demographic status of little towns, population dynamics, and natural and migration movements. The research revealed the processes of natural population decline caused by a decrease in the birth rate and rise in mortality, as well as the migration outflow of residents of little towns. The author examined the social situation of urban settlements that suffered extensive losses in the new economic conditions. The research concluded that bed/population ratio in regional little towns, including the number of doctors and nursing staff, is significantly behind the regional indicators. The author put forwards ideas how to preserve the historical and socio-economic identity of little towns.
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Sinitsyn, Fedor L. "Transboundary nomadism in the USSR in the 1920s." RUDN Journal of Russian History 18, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2019-18-3-589-604.
Анотація:
Abstarct: In the context of the history of migration processes among nomadic peoples, the present article studies transboundary nomadism between the USSR and neighboring countries in the 1920s as well as the Soviet policy on these processes. The author discusses the border areas of the east and south of the USSR and such neighboring states as China, Mongolia, Tuva, Afghanistan, and Persia. The article is written on a broad source base, which includes both published and unpublished documents identifi ed by the author in the Russian State Military Archives (RGVA), the Russian State Archives of Socio-Political History (RGASPI) and the Aginsky Branch of the State Archives of the Trans-Baikal Territory (AFGAZK). The article demonstrates the important strategic role of border nomadic regions, in particular, of Buryatia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan. After the 1917 revolutionary events in Russia, migrations from these territories were motivated not only by economic but also by political reasons, with the nomads escaping from state control and subsequently participating in anti-Soviet uprisings and in the Basmachi movement. The author argues that the Soviet leadership was eager to uphold the status quo on its borderlands. By the 1930s the USSR established full control over migration processes, minimizing or completely eliminating the transboundary nomadism. This was framed as a question of securing the state´s borders against a capitalist environment, but also of preventing the penetration of hostile ideology from abroad.
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Ratushny, S. "INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION LAW: HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF ESTABLISHMENT." Scientific Notes Series Law 1, no. 13 (March 2023): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2522-9230-2022-13-166-171.
Анотація:
The article examines the historical and legal aspects of the emergence and development of international migration law. An attempt is made to study the patterns of evolutionary development of international legal regulation of relations in the field of international migrations, the place and conceptual foundations of international migration law as a separate branch of international public law. The growth of migration flows, their acquisition of new quantitative and qualitative characteristics, being determined by economic, ecological, military-political, demographic and other factors, exerts a strong influence on all aspects of the functioning of the world system, becoming an indispensable component of many spatial changes that determine the essence of territorial identity social groups and form a new culture of thinking, which is based on various social norms, including the principles and norms of international law. The most obvious and effective way of regulating international migration, taken in the dynamics of qualitative changes in its trends and forms, social relationships, socio-economic and political-legal processes, development of technical capabilities of means of communication, is its international legal regulation, carried out as universal and at the regional levels of interstate cooperation, taking into account the evolution and historical development of international legal doctrine and practice. At the same time, the accuracy of the expected assessment of the results of international legal regulation directly depends on the adequacy of the understanding of the legal nature, essence and place of international migration law in the general legal system. It should be fundamental to understand and accept the thesis that the ideology and philosophy of legal regulation of relations in the field of international migration is based on the thesis of the need to find and ensure a balance between state sovereignty - the cornerstone of the international legal order and freedom of movement - one of the basic human freedoms. These basic elements remained practically unchanged during the entire historical period of international legal regulation of relations in the field of international migrations, although the level of tension between them and the ways of articulation of the latter changed throughout the history of international law at the doctrinal level and in the practice of state approaches.
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Erman, Erwiza. "The Karimata Strait: Heritage of Network System and Socio-political History of Malay Sultanate." Heritage of Nusantara: International Journal of Religious Literature and Heritage 11, no. 1 (June 28, 2022): 84–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/hn.v11i1.629.
Анотація:
Indonesia's maritime historiography so far has focused more on socio-economic interactions, such as: shipping-trade history, ethnic identity, downstream-upstream connections, and the politics of the harbor workers. Meanwhile, the sea, strait, and river function to connect people, goods, and ideas have made their own history which unfortunately to be neglected in Indonesian historiography. By using the historical method, this study focuses on examining a marine network system offered by Indonesian maritime historian A.B. Lapian. The Karimata Strait, an intangible heritage, has produced its own socio-political history through social interactions of the various ethnic groups such as Bugis, Malays, Chinese, Arabs, Dayaks and Arabs. This article focuses on two ethnic groups, Bugis and Arabs who had an important role in the formation of Malay sultanates and maintain their own authorities in the East and West of the Straits. The Bugis ethnic network was represented by the migration of Opu and his Five Son from East Indonesia in the 17th and 18th centuries, while the Arabs were represented by Syarif Abdurrachman's family coming from the West, the Arab-Hadramaut and set up the sultanate of Pontianak. Following the movement of these two groups, and the networks they form, this study shows that their network histories are complex, intersecting in various ways through diaspora, religion, friendship, kinship, intermarriages, diplomacy and war. The intersection of these various networks became social capital to gain political power and economic control in the Malay sultanates. The formation and ways where the network operated had blurred the territorial boundaries of a sultanate in the East and West of Karimata Strait.
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Aryal, Gokarna Raj. "The Role of Remittance on Socio-Economic Progress in Nepal." Journal of Population and Development 3, no. 1 (October 10, 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v3i1.48804.
Анотація:
This research paper examines the contribution of remittance on socio-economic development of Nepal. The specific objectives are to study the trends, patterns and diversifications of foreign labor migration. This study uses entirely secondary data. The majority of Nepali families earn their income through foreign employment. Nepal has about 200 years’ long history of receiving international remittance, as a sum of money transferred from foreign migrant workers to individual or their families in their homeland. The Gulf Cooperation Council and Malaysia are the major destination countries for Nepalese workers. The report of National Planning Commission 2020/21 shows Nepal received NPR 961.05 billions remittance from 128 different countries constituting 22.5 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The report of economic survey 2020/21 shows annual per capita income of Nepal reached 1, 381 US dollars in 2021, with an increment of about 11 percent to the previous year. Migration and remittance have contributed to increase the per capita income of Nepal over the years along with significant change in the social development.
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Camargo, Guibor, Andrés Miguel Sampayo, Andrés Peña Galindo, Francisco J. Escobedo, Fernando Carriazo, and Alejandro Feged-Rivadeneira. "Exploring the dynamics of migration, armed conflict, urbanization, and anthropogenic change in Colombia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 24, 2020): e0242266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242266.
Анотація:
Anthropogenic change has been associated with population growth, land use change, and changing economies. However, internal migration patterns and armed conflicts are also key drivers of anthropogenic and demographic processes. To better understand the processes associated with this change, we explore the spatial relationship between forced migration due to armed conflict and changing socioeconomic factors in Colombia, a country which has a recent history of 7 million internal migrants. In addition, we use remote sensing, Google Earth Engine, as well as spatial statistical analyses of demographic data in order to measure anthropogenic change between 1984 and 2013—a socio-politically important period in Colombia’s armed conflict. We also analyze spatiotemporal relationships between socioeconomic and anthropogenic changes, which are caused by forced migration. We found that forced migration is significantly and positively related to an increasing rural-urban type of migration which results from armed conflict. Results also show that it is negatively related to interregional displacement. Indeed, anthropogenic change pertaining to different regions have had different correlations with forced migration, and across different time periods. Findings are used to discuss how socioeconomic and political phenomena such as armed conflict can have complex effects on the dynamics of anthropogenic and ecological change as well as movement of humans in countries like Colombia.
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Ryazantsev, Sergey V., Anh Le Duc, Hoang Phùng Huy, and Evgeniya M. Moiseeva. "Overseas vietnamese in Russia and their contributions to the promotion of bilateral relations." Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies 6, no. 3 (October 6, 2022): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54631/vs.2022.63-106318.
Анотація:
This article is devoted to the formation, current position, and development prospects of the overseas Vietnamese community in Russia. The purpose of the study was to critically review the directions of work of the authorities in the interests of the Diaspora and in order to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation between the two countries in the socio-economic, cultural, scientific, technical and political spheres. The authors relied on empirical data, including official statistics on migration from Vietnam to Russia, the main indicators of the socio-economic situation in Vietnam as the major factor of emigration, as well as research publications on the history of the Vietnamese communities formation in Russia. As the result of its analysis, we identified the main areas of cooperation between Vietnam and Russia where the Vietnamese diaspora makes a significant contribution. Accordingly, the paper proposes evidence-based policy recommendations for the government and authorities of Vietnam, which outlined several areas of work with the diaspora in Russia, namely: promoting intercultural dialogue, providing information support and legal assistance for legal migration, developing cooperation in the economy, trade, and labor, as well as joint scientific research and technology transfer.
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Cristina Samper and Michaela Kreyenfeld. "Marriage migration and women's entry into the German labour market." Journal of Family Research 33, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-491.
Анотація:
Objective: We analyse the employment patterns of childless first-generation migrants to Germany. In particular, we focus on the behaviour of female "marriage migrants". Marriage migrants are defined as individuals who married after their spouse had moved to Germany.
Background: Demographic studies have illustrated that marriage migrants have particularly high childbirth rates upon arrival. There is, however, little empirical evidence on how the childbearing behaviour of migrant women is related to their employment behaviour.
Method: We use event history techniques to study women's labour market entry after migration in relation to their childbearing behaviour. We draw on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). The analytical sample is restricted to immigrant women who moved while childless to Germany between 1990 and 2016 (n=981).
Results: Compared to other groups, marriage migrants have very low chances of entering the labour market. Only 32 per cent of the migrants in our sample had ever participated in the labour market in the five-year period after their arrival in Germany. A large share of the differences between these migrants and other migrants can be attributed to the socio-demographic composition of these women, and to their tendency to transition to parenthood soon after their arrival.
Conclusion: We argue that the low employment rates of female marriage migrants must also be viewed in the context of Germany’s migration policies, which do not provide many routes for female third-country nationals to move to Germany. One of the few available channels is that of marriage migration. We conclude by discussing the social policy implications of these findings at a time when Germany is gradually becoming a dual-earner society.
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Huy, Huynh, Walter Nonneman, and Nguyen Son. "Explaining geographic, social, and economic differences as drivers of internal migrations in Viet Nam: Empirical findings from push and pull forces analysis." Journal of the Geographical Institute Jovan Cvijic, SASA 74, no. 1 (2024): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ijgi2401063h.
Анотація:
Viet Nam has deeply experienced internal migration during its development history, typically movements from rural to urban and across regions since the launch of economic reform policy in 1986. This article adopts the cost-minimization approach to calculate the push and pull forces of the internal migrations across geographic distances of provinces and then explains those forces along with socio-economic factors within 63 provinces and cities in Viet Nam based on the census data during the period 2010-2019. The empirical findings from the solution to cost-migration equations between the number of migrants and the inverse distance across 63 provinces reported that the push and pull forces are quite heteroskedastic, mostly due to differences in geographic, social, and economic development. Not surprisingly, the Mekong River Delta (MRD) is still the most repulsive region for migrants, accounting for 30% of the total number migrants of the country and notable 98% of migrants who moved to the Southeastern (SE) region as the most attractive destination. It is obviously proven that the push and pull forces of migrations in a province correlate strongly and significantly with economic factors including relative incomes and poverty rate rather than human factors such as urbanization, population, and labor forces. Finally, discussions about policy implications of equitable investments across regions in Viet Nam are really necessary and could be a potential for creating job opportunities and improving standards of livelihoods.
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Jacobs, Sarah, Oladipo Olalekan David, and Abigail Stiglingh-Van Wyk. "The Impact of Urbanization on Economic Growth in Gauteng Province, South Africa." International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 13, no. 2 (March 25, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.13899.
Анотація:
The apartheid legacy molded urbanization changes in South Africa. Post-1994 people were free to migrate to areas with greater economic activities (increased socio-economic opportunities) subsequently, the genesis of migration. Majority of the people aimed for Gauteng Province which is considered the economic hub of the country and a magnet of opportunities. This study looked at the history of Gauteng- primarily the economic position in conjunction with economic theories. This quantitative research investigated the relationship between economic growth and urbanization in the Gauteng Province. Granger causality tests were used to ascertain the relationship used in the research and the study focused on the period 1997 to 2020, using quarterly data. From the study, it was established that there is a unidirectional causality running from economic growth and employment in Gauteng- meaning that an increase in economic growth enables more jobs to be created, leading to migration of people to the province. The paper also found no causal relationship between population and economic growth- meaning that population increase does not have any effect on economic growth. People seek to progress out of poverty, primarily to an urban lifestyle to leverage socio-economic benefits- grow skills and knowledge by accessing public services such as education, and infrastructure mainly available in urbanized areas. The paper recommends for the government redefine urbanization policy to manage rapid migration. Failure to do so will lead to infrastructure ( housing, water, and electricity) and employment challenges within the province.
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Klempic-Bogadi, Sanja, Margareta Gregurovic, and Sonja Podgorelec. "Migration from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia: Migration patterns of immigrants in Zagreb." Stanovnistvo 56, no. 2 (2018): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1802039k.
Анотація:
The 2011 population census recorded 4,290,612 residents of Croatia among which 584,947 or 13.7% were born abroad. Even though the most of them were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina (70% or 409,357) no research was conducted about this significant group of immigrants. This paper analyses the migration flows between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia during the last 60 years, especially focusing on demographic data available from diverse secondary sources and data on migration history and transnational activities obtained through empirical study ?The Effects of Immigration from Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Sociodemographic Development of Croatian Urban Areas?. The survey was conducted in 2014 in Sesvete, district of City of Zagreb on a judgemental/purposive sample of 301 adult Croatian residents born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Historical events (especially war) and economic developments had the influence on the number of immigrants as well as their motivation and decision to move from Bosnia and Hercegovina to Croatia. The data obtained through secondary sources and the results of conducted survey confirmed the shift in dominant migration patterns during three periods. First period, after the WWII until beginning of 1990s, indicated mostly labour migration where the migrations from Bosnia and Herzegovina to Croatia were mostly driven by economic underdevelopment of the country of origin and directed towards Croatian commercial and industrial centres. In the first half of 1990s the change of socio-political system (breakup of the former federal state) and the war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina induced significant forced migrations directed towards Croatia. After the end of the war and due to the consequences of armed conflict effecting the contemporary socioeconomic and political development of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a part of its citizens who were temporary settled in Croatia (as labour migrants or refugees) or elsewhere abroad, decided not to move back to Bosnia and Herzegovina but permanently stay in or move to Croatia. This was followed by the new period of migration driven (again) mostly by economic reasons complemented by general social situation and advanced unfavourable demographic processes in Bosnia and Hercegovina. These conditions stimulated the citizens of Bosnia and Hercegovina to migrate more frequently to other, economically more developed countries (Germany, Austria) effecting significantly the number of immigrants from Bosnia and Herzegovina in Croatia. The respondents included in empirical research are mostly Croats by ethnic affiliation (93.4%) and 99% of them have Croatian citizenship. In the highest proportion they migrated to Croatia during the 1990s. The results showed statistically significant correlation between the area of Bosnia and Herzegovina from where they moved to Croatia and the period of migration (the most numerous migrations were recorded from the area of the contemporary Republika Srpska). Three most frequent reasons of migration were war destruction (41.5%), economic reasons (33.2%) and family reasons (13%). Almost two thirds of respondents (63.1%) had no prior migration experience and more than 90% plan to stay permanently in Croatia. The study also confirmed significant social and transnational activities of immigrants. However, these respondents cannot be considered as the ?typical migrants? since they largely share language, culture and tradition of receiving society which presents a favourable environment for their legal/political, socioeconomic and sociocultural integration.