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1
Sun, Wenyi. "Data mining extension for economics." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5869.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September ) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
2
Tibezinda, Painentius J. "Measures of extension impact : a comparative study of three agricultural extension programs in Hoima District, Uganda /." Connect to resource, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1201118956.
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3
Pinto, Leonardo de Barros. "Os impactos locais de um assentamento rural : uma avaliação socio-economica a partir da produção leiteira." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257517.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador : Sonia Maria P. P. BergamascoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T19:15:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pinto_LeonardodeBarros_M.pdf: 3129066 bytes, checksum: 05f78dca80deb2349c0149a3e94f982f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo principal a análise dos impactos sócio-econômicos causados pela inserção do assentamento Fazenda Reunidas, localizado no município de Promissão-SP. Para tanto, partiu-se de uma contextualização histórica da formação e desenvolvimento da região em estudo, elaborando em seguida uma caracterização dos produtores buscando detectar as diferenciações existentes entre eles, com ênfase na pecuária leiteira. Tal abordagem está calcada na grande importância que a pecuária leiteira representa para os produtores do assentamento e para o Município. Os dados utilizados para análise basearam-se em levantamentos realizados em 1998 através da pesquisa "Os Impactos Regionais dos Assentamentos Rurais: dimensões econômicas, políticas e sociais", e também nas cadernetas de campo do Departamento de Assentamentos Fundiários do Instituto de Terras do Estado de São Paulo, referentes à safra 97/98. Para a obtenção dos grupos utilizaram-se métodos exploratórios de classificação hierárquica, reafirmados em seguida por um método de partição. Foram encontrados cinco grupos distintos, dois com pecuária leiteira e outros três cuja produção está baseada apenas na agricultura. As análises por grupo mostraram uma acentuada variação nas combinações dos recursos disponíveis à produção, incluindo aí a mão-de-obra empregada, a utilização de insumos, o crédito, entre outros. Por outro lado, constatou-se que as pessoas presentes no Assentamento Fazenda Reunidas, sem dúvida apresentaram melhorias significativas nas suas condições de vida quando comparadas às situações em que se encontravam anteriormente ao assentamento. Os resultados demonstraram ainda que, no caso do Município, o assentamento causou inúmeras alterações na localidade
Abstract: The aim of this studywas to analyzethe socialand economical impacts caused by the insertionofthe settlement "Fazenda Reunidas",localized in the borough of Promissão -S.P. To do that a historical context of the formation and development of the region in study was used, and after that, a characterization of the producers was worked out in order to detect be existent different mion among them, emphasizing milk cattle- breeding.This approach is based on the importance that milk tle-breedingre presents to the settlement producers and the borough. The dataused for analysis were based on surveysrelized in 1998 through the research "The Regional Impacts of Rural Settlements: Economical, Political and Social Dimensions", and also on the notes of the Institute of Grounds from São Paulo State, referred to the 97/98 harvest. To the attainment of the groups, exploiters methods of hierarchic classification were used and right afier this methods were reaffirmed by a partition method. Five distinct group swere formed,two of them with the milk cattle-breeding,and three whose production is based on the agriculture only. The group analysis showed an accentuated variation on the combination of the available resources for the production, including the work forceused, the fertilizers used, amongothers. Compared to the situation they lived before the settlement the people from ''Fazenda Reunidas"settlement showed, significant improvement in their tife conditions. And in this case, the settlement caused countless changes in the locality
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
4
Kampelmann, Stephan. "The socio-economics of pay rules." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12001/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette dissertation s'attache à l'étude des inégalités de salaire dans la société capitaliste contemporaine, phénomène qui conjugue des enjeux politiques conséquents avec une crispation des débats entre les différentes écoles de pensées. Il y est défendu la thèse selon laquelle les inégalités de salaire sont le résultat de règles socialement construites qui ne peuvent pas être exclusivement attribuées aux intérêts du capitalisme rationnel. La partie empirique se focalise sur les inégalités entre les catégories professionnelles et applique des méthodes économétriques à des microdonnées diachroniques d'Allemagne et de Belgique. Étonnement, trois études empiriques ne fournissent que peu d'éléments pour la validation des modèles conventionnels de la formation des salaires. Nous y montrons notamment que les règles salariales qui différencient les catégories professionnelles ne peuvent pas être expliquées d'après (i) leur correspondance avec les inégalités en termes de productivités marginales relatives, ou d'après (ii) l'impact asymétrique du changement technologique sur les professions. En revanche, la structure des rémunérations est significativement associées à la composition des différentes professions (taux de syndicalisation, ratio femmes/hommes ou niveau d'éducation) et aux variations dans la configuration nationale des institutions du marché du travail. Ainsi, cette étude ne met pas seulement en évidence la faiblesse de l'assise empirique des théories conventionnelles du salaire, mais il fait également ressortir des concepts socio-économiques et des résultats empiriques qui pourrait aider au recalibrage de l'analyse institutionnelle des rémunérationsThe dissertation examines pay inequalities in contemporary capitalist societies, a phenomena that combines clear policy relevance and entrenched controversies between different schools of thought. It defends the thesis that pay inequalities are the result of socially constructed rules that cannot be ascribed exclusively to capitalist-rational interests. The empirical part of the dissertation focuses on inequalities between occupations and applies econometric methods to representative panel data from Germany and Belgium. Three empirical studies provide surprisingly thin evidence for conventional models of the determination of earnings. We notably show that the pay rules that differentiate occupational categories cannot be explained with (i) corresponding inequalities in relative marginal productivities or (ii) the asymmetric impact of technological change on different occupations. By contrast, the structure of occupational pay is significantly associated with the composition of occupations (e.g.\ changes in unionisation, gender ratios, or educational mix) and cross-country variations in the institutional configuration of labour markets. The dissertation therefore not only highlights the weak empirical footing of conventional wage theories but also socio-economic concepts and factual evidence that help to recalibrate the institutional analysis of earnings
5
Maung, Mya. "Comparative analysis of Agricultural Extension models and development of recommendations for the Agricultural Extension System of Burma /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487675687172678.
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Bowen, Cathy Faulcon. "Financial management training needs of Extension home economists /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487591658174598.
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Ackah-Nyamike, Edward Ernest. "Expanding the funding base for public agricultural extension delivery in Ghana : an analysis of farmer willingness to pay for extension services." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288736.
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Barney, Bradley J. "Accounting for additional heterogeneity : a theoretic extension of an extant economic model /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2122.pdf.
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Bain, Ruey-Fen Cheryl. "Balancing work and family life needs : extension staff of the Farmers' Associations in Taiwan /." Connect to resource, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1202414115.
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Mizer, Linnette S. "Extension home economists' attitudes toward older adults." Connect to resource, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1201883470.
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11
Wu, Zhou. "Extension theorems and minimax inequalities with applications to mathematical economics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24767.pdf.
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Coad, Lauren Mary. "Bushmeat hunting in Gabon : socio-economics and hunter behaviour." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using data collected from two villages in Central Gabon, from August 2003 to March 2005, this thesis explores the place of hunting in the context of village livelihoods. Spatial information on trapping offtakes from 76 hunters over one year, combined with hunter interviews, provides a detailed analysis of village landscape use by hunters, and the biological and social factors influencing hunting behaviour. Whilst hunting is the main livelihood option for village men, hunters were predominantly from richer or middle-income households. However, household wealth is perceived to be more strongly related to ownership of plantations (managed by female members of the household) than to hunting. Although bushmeat was an important source of protein for families, a significant proportion of hunting incomes may not have benefited the household, as they were spent on luxury items. Investigation of commodity chain characteristics from forest to market highlights problems with the use of market data as an indicator of hunting sustainability; only 19 of the species in the original catch were represented in the animals destined for market, and three species accounted for 90% of the individual animals sold. Analysis of individual trap success showed catch rates for these larger-bodied, commercial species were highest in traps furthest from the village, in good quality forest, with low hunting pressure. Hunting strategies and hunter distribution within the landscape were strongly related to hunter age, with hunters of middle age hunting further into the forest, investing more effort, and as a result gaining higher offtakes. The use of the landscape was influenced partly by catch rates, but also by changes in the fabric of the village community as old clan-based structures broke down.
13
Nwosu, Chijioke Osinachi. "Willingness to pay for insecticide-treated mosquito nets in rural South-East Nigeria : an integration of socio-economic and socio-psychological models." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11434.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Malaria is no doubt a severe public health problem especially in sub-Saharan Africa. It is endemic in Nigeria and insecticide-treated mosquito nets have been found to be effective in its control. However, the cost of commercially-sold ITNs in Nigeria is considered to be beyond the reach of many households. Therefore, it is essential to ascertain how much the average rural household is willing to pay for a family-size ITN.
14
Roberts, Eryl Haf. "Rural development by extension and indigenous communication systems in Nepal." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Mid-Hills of Nepal is an area characterised by its subsistence agriculture, isolation, limited extension services, poor transport and communication networks and farming communities which are identified according to their caste or ethnicity. Rural development in this area places emphasis on agricultural intensification with formal research being conducted. Research innovations are formally transferred by the research-extension-farmer information transfer mechanism.
15
Jagenow, Danilo [Verfasser]. "An investigation and extension of a typology of socio-motivational (in-)dependency / Danilo Jagenow." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1224884175/34.
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Eck, Douglas W. "A National Survey of Enterprise Budget Development and Use by the Extension Service." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigates the development and use of viii agricultural enterprise budgets. An e nterprise is a single crop or livestock commodity, and e nterprise budgets are valuable management tools. They serve as the basic building blocks of complete farm planning.
Two separate surveys gathered information from the Extension Service concerning the use and development of enterprise budgets. Analysis of the survey results identified the most common methods used to create enterprise budgets as well as factors that contribute to their use.
A regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing the number of times county agents directly refer to published budget informat ion in a year . The agent's understanding of the use of budget information in management decisions, the geographic units that budgets are published for, and receiving the budgets in multiple forms (e.g., sheets, booklets, or software) have significant positive impacts on the use of budgets by the agents.
Finally, based on the findings of this research, a number of recommendations are made to help increase the efficiency with which budgets are made and the use of these Pvaluable tools.
17
Alexeev, Alexandr Ivanovich, Maria Sergeevna Savoskul, Yuriy Alexeevich Simagin, Natalia Vladimirovna Shabalina, Yuriy Vasilevich Porosenkov, Olga Valerievna Didenko, Anatoliy Emanuilovich Krupko, et al. "The socio-economic transformation of rural areas in Russia and Moldava." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5309/.
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Rono, Lorraine. "Socio-economic inequality and ethno-political conflict : evidence from Kenya." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-70).This study examines the influence of socio-economic inequalities on the probability of conflict in Kenya and aims to synthesise various causal hypotheses in the literature. This research extends to a regional analysis of a cross-national sample to understand the extent to which structural cleavages account for a cause of potential conflict in Kenya. The post-election violence that emerged in 2008 shed light on the urgency for policy reforms to address the root causes of what was viewed as an imminent outbreak of violence. Various analysts trace the origin of conflict to nepotism, ethnic stratification, historical injustices, poor governance and disparities in resource allocation. Given these sources of dissent, this study proposes that the most fundamental factors that considerably influence the probability of conflict in Kenya are pervasive poverty and extreme inequality, intensified by ethnic divisions. Based on Kuznets theory, we argue that the booms of economic growth experienced from 2003 perpetuated the stark economic and social inequalities prevalent in Kenya. As a result, there is strong evidence that suggests that these sharp inequalities fuelled the post-election violence and deeply influence the probability of conflict in Kenyan society. Another key contribution from the study is the conclusion that the existence of sharp horizontal inequalities result in a bias towards ethnic conflict. It is imperative to identify the underlying causes of conflict so as to neutralise polarisation which exacerbates tension and breeds further conflict. In light of this view, the probability of conflict in Kenya can be minimised effectively and such mitigation can be used as a mechanism for future growth and economic development in Kenya.
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Chigwenah, Tariro. "Explaining the socio-economic inequalities in child immunisation coverage in Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32533.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Socioeconomic inequalities in health have received significant attention globally because of the well-known association between wealth and health. A lot of studies show that poor people are more prone to sickness than their counterparts. Immunisation has been a key antidote to avert deaths for children under the age of 5. This study represents an initial attempt to assess specific variables that contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in immunisation coverage in Zimbabwe. Data were obtained from the 2015 Zimbabwe Demographic Health Survey, a nationally representative survey. Immunisation coverage was measured using four categories: full immunisation (a child who will have received 10 doses of vaccines), partial immunisation (a child who will have received at least one but not all vaccines), no immunisation (a child who will not have received any immunisation dose from birth) and immunisation intensity (a proportion of doses received to total doses that they should have received). Inequalities in immunisation coverage in Zimbabwe were assessed using concentration curves and indices. A positive (negative) concentration index indicates immunisation coverage concentrated among the rich (poor). The concentration index was decomposed to identify how different variables contribute to the socioeconomic inequality in immunisation coverage in Zimbabwe. Results indicate that immunisation intensity and full immunisation concentration indices were (0.0154) and (0.0250) respectively, indicating that children from lower socio-economic status are less likely to receive all doses of vaccines. No immunisation and partial immunisation concentration indices were (-0.0778) and (-0.0878) indicating that children from higher socioeconomic status are more likely to have their children immunised opposed to their poor counterparts. The main contributors to socioeconomic inequality in immunisation coverage are the mother's education, socioeconomic status and place of residence (rural/urban and province). While immunisation services are free of charge in the public health sector in Zimbabwe, coverage rates are higher among the wealthy, which shows that there may be barriers to utilising these services that may not be the direct cost of vaccination. There have to be measures by the government to reach people in areas that are not easily accessible. Also, more needs to be done to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in Zimbabwe.
20
Birbaumer, Georg. "Four-phase extension : an information system approach for less developed rural regions." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336084.
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Hidvegi, Istvan. "Banking Productivity : An Extension of Traditional Theory." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-717.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis aims at contributing to the growing number of studies on banking productivity, by attempting to introduce the interest rate spread as one of the driving forces behind productivity changes and alterations of the intermediary role of banks. The analysis is based on observations form the banking sectors of Germany and Sweden. As there is no clear concensus on the proper way of measuring banking output, and the choice of method varies considerably form study to study, this paper adopts the intermediation approach which is one of the three most offen recurring methods applied in research papers. The results include some interesting revelations such as the low significance of a change in labour and capital to the growth in banking output (challenging traditional theory), and that Swedish banks on average were moving away from the traditional intermediary role between 1979 and 1996 while German banks kept lending business at their centre of attention.
22
Snyman, Susan. "High-end ecotourism and rural communities in southern Africa : a socio-economic analysis." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5689.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis argues that at high end ecotourism sites in southern Africa good relationships with local communities are not merely a normative ‘good thing’, but are a likely prerequisite for the long-term viability of both natural resources and the economic ventures that depend on them. Communities are thus active participants in both conservation and tourism. As rising populations increase pressure on conserved land, both conservation and ecotourism will need community support and goodwill. Such rural communities adjacent to protected areas have traditionally enjoyed consumptive use of local resources. Formally set-aside protected areas may help conserve biodiversity, but often impose costs on rural communities, increasing human-wildife conflict and reducing the land available for agriculture and consumptive use. Sustained community support for these areas therefore requires visible benefits. One source of these is ecotourism. Using primary data from over 1800 community interview schedules, collected across six southern African countries (Botswana, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe), the thesis seeks to establish the incentives that matter most to rural communities in conservation areas, how ecotourism affects household incomes, and the determinants of community attitudes towards conservation and ecotourism.
23
Naidu, Leesen. "Socio-economic status proxies in studies of fertility in developing countries : measures and methods." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5727.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38).
This paper explores the different measures and methods used to integrate socio-economic status into fertility analysis. The most common current practice is to create a single proxy summary measure and enter it as an independent variable in a multiple regression. I compare the consequences of using the different proxies on the estimated impact of socio-economic status and the other determinants of fertility.
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Saxby, Gay Nelia. "Differential economic multipliers : an extension of Weiss and Gooding and an application to the Eastern Cape Province." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bibliography: pages 63-65.Economic impact assessment in its most general form is concerned with the identification and evaluation of the effects of a given change in an economic system on other parts of that system. This type of assessment may equally be applied to the effects of a complex economic policy on a country or region, as to the estimation of the impacts of a new manufacturing plant on employment and income in the immediate area. The purpose of this study is to develop a practically applicable differential multiplier model, which can be easily adapted to apply to a range of economic impact studies, and which is not constrained by the considerable data requirements of more complex models, such as the input-output model. The model that is developed allows for a certain amount of differentiation, such as that between skilled and unskilled workers, and carries this differentiation through all stages of the multiplier process. The basic difference between the regional and the national multiplier is the existence of additional leakages from the flow of income, particularly in the form of interregional imports. This model also takes account of the leakages at every link in the production chain, thus ensuring that the multiplier works on the actual value-added generated by a new investment project. By definition, the model focuses primarily on less complex forms of impact assessment, such as a new investment project in a local sub-region As an illustration of the manner in which such a model could be applied, it is used to estimate the impacts of a proposed zinc refinery and phosphoric acid plant project in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.
25
Kamal, Kithsiry Karunadasa H. R. "Comparison of extension provision for the smallholder and estate tea sectors in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386567.
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26
Hudson, Simon. "An extension of constraints theory related to the consumer behaviour of skiing." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844386/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Considerable behavioural research has suggested that it is important to understand the constraining as well as the facilitating factors when attempting to identify potential clients for specific tourism activities. If personal constraints can be surmounted the likelihood of participation increases. In many tourism enterprises - skiing being no exception - the challenge is to transform latent or potential demand into existing demand. In this thesis, the author operationalised the negotiation of constraints model proposed by Crawford et al. (1991), who contend that there are psychological orientations, or intrapersonal constraints, that may prevent individuals from experiencing higher level constraints. Therefore individuals who are most affected by intrapersonal constraints would be less likely to want to participate in a given leisure activity and therefore would not reach higher order constraints (interpersonal and structural constraints). A qualitative approach was used to develop a detailed and accurate categorisation of constraints which was built into a questionnaire, that was subsequently completed by a sample of 412 individuals. Analysis of the qualitative research showed that non-skiers reported a high proportion of intrapersonal constraints, whereas skiers were constrained by time, family or economic factors. Analysis of the questionnaires indicated that these economic factors were the major constraints for both groups. When the two groups were compared, not surprisingly non-skiers reported higher constraints for all statements apart from their fear of lack of snow. T-tests indicated that their differences were significantly greater for intrapersonal constraints, supporting the findings from the qualitative research. Factor analysis with an oblique rotation of the 30 constraints resulted in the extraction of three factors which appeared to correspond to the three constraint typologies, suggesting that the model of leisure constraints is tenable. A metamodel was used to determine the possible existence of a hierarchy of constraints, and the results did not support the existing hierarchical model. Based on these results, the author proposed a new model of leisure constraints, showing a relationship between existing participants and intrapersonal constraints, suggesting that there is a clear distinction between the intrapersonal constraints of participants and non-participants. The new model also indicates that if intrapersonal constraints are successfully negotiated, then structural constraints will be the next stage in the hierarchy, and not interpersonal constraints. The author suggests that consumer behaviour models of the future should acknowledge the constraints facing consumers in the decision making process, and should not assume that attitude leads directly to purchase. A new model of consumer behaviour in tourism is proposed. The author recommends that different marketing strategies should be implemented for both skiers and non-skiers to influence participation. Based on the primary and secondary research, a variety of strategies are proposed, each targeting a different segment of the market. The author concludes that the skiing industry needs more sophisticated marketing policies not just to maintain loyal skiers, but more importantly to attract new ones into the market.
27
Krzeminska, Anna. "Determinants and management of make-and-buy an extension to transaction cost economics." Wiesbaden Gabler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989809331/04.
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28
Rivera, Fernando. "Democratisation and agricultural extension programmes : the case of the experimentalist farmer approach in Costa Rica." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368192.
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29
Binimelis, i. Adell Rosa. "Socio-economics of biosecurity: four essays on bioinvasions and genetically modified agriculture." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3815.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La tesis doctoral "Socio-economics of biosecurity: Four essays on bioinvasions and genetically modified agriculture" (Socio-economia de la bioseguretat: Quatre assaigs sobre bioinvasions i l'agricultura modificada genèticament) analitza dos processos altament controvertits -la introducció d'espècies invasores i d'organismes modificats genèticament (OMG)-, sota el concepte paraigua de la bioseguretat. Bioseguretat far referència a un enfocament estratègic i integrat que reuneix els marcs polítics i reguladors per analitzar i gestionar riscos en les àrees de la seguretat alimentària i la vida i sanitat animal i vegetal, incloent el risc ambiental associat. El concepte cobreix la introducció de plagues de plantes, plagues i malalties d'animals i zoonosis, la introducció i alliberament d'organismes modificats genèticament i els seus productes i la introducció i la gestió d'espècies i genotips exòtics invasors.A pesar de la voluntat de tenir un enfocament integrat, els aspectes socio-econòmics de la bioseguretat han estat molt menys estudiats que aquells aspectes tècnics. En part això és degut al model científic modern, que estableix una clara distinció entre l'avaluació del risc, que és purament científica i independent dels judicis de valors, i que té per finalitat proveir de bases objectives per a prendre les decisions basades en criteris "estrictament científics" (normalment només considerant impactes de salut i ambientals); i la gestió de risc, que complementa el procés anterior amb consideracions socials i polítiques. A més a més, aquelles preocupacions socials que no poden ser individualitzades i quantificades, o que qüestionen el model econòmic, són excloses. Aquesta aproximació, de fonaments liberals, està basada en la idea de que, essencialment, la legislació ha d'assegurar la llibertat i el dret dels individus (expressats a través de lliure mercat). Per fer-ho, les decisions són traspassades a l'esfera individual, establint-ho com l'única manera de garantir aquests drets.
Les conseqüències d'aquesta visió són examinades a través de quatre articles publicats (o acceptats) que analitzen quatre casos d'estudi des d'un punt de vista empíric. El primer article estudia dos processos d'invasions biològiques: el del musclo zebrat (Dreissena polymorpha) al riu Ebre i el de l'Hydrilla verticillata al llac Izabal (Guatemala). El segon descriu el debat i les implicacions del conreu de blat de moro modificat genèticament a Catalunya i Aragó per la legislació europea sobre coexistència entre conreus MG i aquells que no ho són. Complementant-lo, un tercer article aprofundeix en el mateix conflicte usant el marc DPSIR per estructurar la informació i centrant-se en les narratives dels actors implicats. Finalment, el quart article convergeix els dos processos (espècies invasores i transgènics) en analitzar les causes, conseqüències i respostes a l'aparició d'una "mala herba" resistent al glifosat després de la difusió massiva del conreu de soja resistent al glifosat a Argentina. Els quatre casos són estudiats des d'una perspectiva qualitativa, basada en treball de camp i mètodes participatius. La perspectiva d'anàlisis del poder és també comú als quatre casos, que són investigats des del marc de l'estudi de conflictes que caracteritza l'ecologia política.
Paraules clau
Argentina, bioseguretat, blat de moro modificat genèticament, coexistència amb organismes modificats genèticament (OMG), Dreissena polymorpha, Estat espanyol, Guatemala, Hydrilla verticillata, socio-economia de les bioinvasions, Sorghum halepense.
The doctoral thesis "Socio-economics of biosecurity: Four essays on bioinvasions and genetically modified agriculture" deals with two highly controversial processes -the introduction of invasive species (IS) and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)-, under the umbrella of the concept of biosecurity. Biosecurity refers to a strategic and integrated approach that encompasses the policy and regulatory frameworks that analyse and manage risks in food safety, animal life and health, and plant life and health, including associated environmental risk. It covers the introduction of plant pests, animal pests and diseases, and zoonoses, the introduction and release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products, and the introduction and management of invasive alien species and genotypes.
In spite of the aspiration to an integrated approach, socio-economics aspects of biosecurity have been much less studied than the technical ones. This is due in part to the modern model of science, that establishes a clear distinction between risk assessment, which is meant to be purely scientific and independent of value-judgements and to provide a supposedly objective basis for decisions based on "sound-science" (usually considering only those health and environmental impacts); and risk management, which supplements the former with social and political considerations. Moreover the societal concerns which cannot be individualised and quantified, or which challenge the economic model, are excluded. This economic model is rooted in a liberal approach based on the idea that, essentially, the legislation should ensure the freedom and right of individuals (displayed in the free market). This is done by means of dumping decisions to the individual sphere, and by setting self interested free choice as the only way of safeguarding rights and liberties.
The consequences of this approach are analysed through four published (or accepted) articles dealing with four case studies from an empirical point of view. The first article analyses two invasive processes: zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Ebro River (Spain) and Hydrilla verticillata in Lake Izabal (Guatemala). The second one describes the debate and implications of GM maize cultivation in Catalonia and Aragon (Spain) on the European coexistence legislation between GM and non-GM crops. Complementing it, a third article deepens the analysis of the same conflict, by using the DPSIR framework and focusing on the stakeholders narratives. A fourth article, merges processes of invasive species and GMOs by analysing the driving forces, consequences and responses to the emergence of a glyphosate-resistant weed after the massive diffusion of GM glyphosate-resistant soy in Argentina. The four cases are analysed from a qualitative perspective, based on field work and participatory methods. An awareness of the allocation of power is also common to the four case studies, which are analyzed through the perspective of conflict that characterizes political ecology.
Key words
Argentina, biosafety, biosecurity, coexistence with GMOs, Dreisssena polymorpha, genetically modified maize, Guatemala, Hydrilla verticillata, socio-economics of bioinvasions, Sorghum halepense, Spain.
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Rodríguez, Labajos Beatriz. "Socio-economics of aquatic bioinvasions in Catalonia reflexive science for management support." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285413.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Las bioinvasiones acuáticas suponen una presión para la biodiversidad de los ecosistemas acuáticos continentales, son una prioridad para la gestión ambiental y del agua, y también una preocupación social creciente, debido a la percepción de impactos socioeconómicos. El propósito de esta tesis doctoral es documentar y explicar los aspectos socioeconómicos de las bioinvasiones en los ecosistemas acuáticos en Cataluña y, dentro de este ámbito, cómo se ha utilizado el trabajo científico en situaciones de falta información necesaria para la gestión.
Concretamente, los objetivos de la tesis son:
i) Explorar y evaluar enfoques para abordar el conocimiento sobre fuerzas motrices, los impactos y las respuestas a las bioinvasiones.
ii) Revelar las interacciones entre la gestión y la investigación respecto a los aspectos socioeconómicos de las bioinvasiones acuáticas.
iii) Proponer directrices para la gestión de especies exóticas en ecosistemas acuáticos en Cataluña que tengan en consideración los vacíos de información sobre los proceso de invasión.
Desde el punto de vista teórico, la tesis reúne las literaturas de la economía ecológica, la biología de la conservación y de las invasiones biológicas, la gestión del agua y los estudios sobre incertidumbre. La investigación responde a un modelo reflexivo de la ciencia, que implica una vinculación comprometida con los procesos observados. La utilización de la marco DPSIR ha sido útil para organizar la información disponible, tras un contacto directo y duradero con el tema de investigación.
El capítulo 1 describe la problemática de la gestión de las especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) en ecosistemas acuáticos en el caso de Cataluña, a dos escalas, regional y local, en dos áreas de estudio. Allí, dos especies, Dreissena polymorpha y Silurus glanis ayudan a enfocar el análisis.
En el capítulo 2, se examinan las fuerzas motrices de las invasiones biológicas bajo dos enfoques. En primer lugar, los factores que impulsan las invasiones biológicas, de manera genérica, se han revisado a diferentes niveles a través de una revisión de literatura. En segundo lugar, las los factores determinantes en las invasiones de D. polymporpha y S.glanis se analizan utilizando métodos participativos.
El capítulo 3 ofrece diversas perspectivas para la consideración de los impactos de las EEI acuáticas. Un marco para la identificación de los impactos, basado en el enfoque de los servicios ambientales, sirve para entender los impactos directos de diferentes grupos taxonómicos presentes en los ecosistemas acuáticos en Cataluña. A partir de información cuantitativa sobre los costes de la invasión compilados en un contexto post-invasión (el Ebro), se han estimado los impactos monetarios del mejillón cebra en una zona no afectada (el Ter), en torno a tres posibles escenarios ("No acción", 'Mitigación', 'Adaptación'), a lo largo de cuatro etapas del proceso de invasión que son relevantes para la gestión.
El capítulo 4 reúne tres enfoques diferentes para abordar las incertidumbres que surgen a la hora de preparar respuestas a los procesos de invasión. En primer lugar, se revisan las experiencias existentes sobre evaluación de riesgo de bioinvasiones acuáticas, describiendo el estado de la cuestión en Cataluña. En segundo lugar, se evalúan los índices de biocontaminación y biopolución (BC&BP) como opción para integrar las EEI y sus impactos en la clasificación del estado ecológico de los cuerpos de agua. En tercer lugar, se estudian las ventajas y desventajas de los enfoques participativos y analíticos para el desarrollo de escenarios. Para ello, se desarrollan escenarios participativos para el contexto post-invasión y
escenarios analíticos para el contexto pre-invasión. También se aborda la cuestión de la interacción entre escalas en el desarrollo de escenarios.
A partir de las conclusiones de los capítulos anteriores, el capítulo 5 presenta un conjunto de reglas generales para aumentar la eficacia de la gestión de EEI. Están relacionadas con el establecimiento de objetivos de gestión, la mejora de la coordinación, la creación de centros de información, la lucha contra los ‘colapsos bioinvasionales’ y los enemigos comunes, el enfoque de la atención pública en debates sobre calidad del agua, la adecuación de las escalas de trabajo y fomento de la agencia local, las redes, el uso de métodos adecuados para enfrentar la incertidumbre y la búsqueda de agenda de investigación orientada a la gestión. Se ofrecen, finalmente, algunas consideraciones sobre los desafíos y beneficios de un modelo reflexivo de la ciencia para la gestión de EEI.Aquatic bioinvasions are a major pressure to global freshwater biodiversity, a priority of environmental and water management and also a rising social concern due to perceive socioeconomic impacts. The purpose of this dissertation is to document and explain the socioeconomic elements of bioinvasions in aquatic ecosystems in Catalonia and how, in this context, scientific work is used to shed light into knowledge gaps for management. Specifically, the objectives of the thesis are: i. To explore and assess approaches for addressing the knowledge gaps regarding driving forces, impacts and the preparation of responses to aquatic bioinvasions. ii. To reveal how management, the scientific activities supporting management, and the different agencies involved interact regarding the socioeconomic elements of aquatic bioinvasions. iii. To propose guidelines for management of alien species in aquatic ecosystems in Catalonia that take into account the knowledge gaps along the invasion process. From the theoretical point of view, the dissertation brings together the literatures of ecological economics, conservation and invasion biology, water management and uncertainty studies. The research responds to a reflexive model of science, which entails engagement with the observed processes. The use of the DPSIR framework has been useful to organize the information available from direct and long-lasting contact with the research topic. Chapter 1 describes the problématique of alien invasive species (AIS) management in aquatic ecosystems, using the case of Catalonia at two scales, the regional level and the local level in two study areas. There, two species, Dreissena polymorpha and Silurus glanis help to focus the analysis. In Chapter 2, driving forces of biological invasions have been examined under two different approaches. First, generic driving forces of biological invasions have been examined through literature review. Second, the driving forces of the D. polymporpha and the S. glanis invasions have been analysed using participatory methods in a post-invasion context. Chapter 3 offers insights on the consideration of impacts of aquatic AIS. A framework for the identification of impacts, relying on the ecosystem service approach, is used to understand direct impacts from different taxa present in aquatic ecosystems in Catalonia. Based on quantitative information about costs from the an invaded context (the Ebro), estimates of the potential monetary impacts of the zebra mussel in a non-affected area (the Ter), have been generated for three possible scenarios(‘No action’, ‘Mitigation’, ‘Adaptation’) along four stages of the invasion process that are relevant for management. Chapter 4 brings together three different approaches to address uncertainties that emerge while preparing responses to invasion processes. First, the existing experiences about risk assessment of aquatic bioinvasions are reviewed, describing the state-of-the-art situation in Catalonia. Second, Biocontamination and Biopollution (BC&BP) indices are assessed as an option to integrate AIS and their impacts in the ecological status classification of water bodies. Third, the advantages and disadvantages of participatory and analytic approaches to scenario development are studied. Qualitative scenarios are developed for the post-invasion context and analytic scenarios are designed for the pre-invasion context. The issue of inter-scale interaction in scenario development is also addressed. Based on the findings from previous chapters, chapter 5 introduces a set of general rules to increase the effectiveness of AIS management. They are related with the setting of management objectives, the improvement of coordination, the creation of information hubs, the tackling of bioinvasional meltdowns and common enemies, the focus of public awareness towards integrated debates about water quality, the appropriateness of working scales and encouragement of local agency, networking, the use of suitable methods to tackle uncertainty and the agenda for management-focused research. Final considerations are offered on the challenges and benefits of a reflexive model of science for AIS management.
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French, Cora L. "The Relationship of Intercultural Sensitivity to Extension Agents' Cross-cultural Experiences and Other Factors." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391586832.
Повний текст джерела
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Sompong, Pit. "The effects of multinational agribusiness on socio-economic and cultural change in Thailand." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306909.
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Abila, Richard Oginga. "A socio-economic analysis of the fishery co-operatives of Lake Victoria (Kenya)." Thesis, University of Hull, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272071.
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M, Van Rooyen Johan. "Reconnecting St Lucia town and the Lake a socio-economic proposal /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06192007-150535.
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Sboul-Keating, Wa'ed Shawkat. "The state and the socio-economic development of Jordan 1973-1985." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5648/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study questions the basic assumption on which state-centred development has been based, namely, that it acts in the general interests of society and can bring about economic development, and attempts to provide an explanation of the ineffectiveness of the state's project in restructuring the economy by analysing the development of the political economy of Jordan in the wake of the 1973-4 oil boom. This explanation rests on arguing that the state's ability to intervene in the economy is constrained by the particular power configuration that gives it its legitimacy and the necessity to maintain the prominence, influence and authority of the key social forces. In other words, the restructuring of the economy implies a change in the internal power structures of the state as well as its external linkages that have been the basis of its legitimacy and the source of its economic power. The problem, then, is not merely a matter of state inefficiency and misuse of funds but a more deep- rooted structural problem that touches on the essential features of the organisation of state power and its legitimacy and in that respect the state is not a neutral force above society but a partisan force for maintaining the existing power structures. Thus the concentration of capital in the hands of the state during the oil boom period and the expanded role of the state in the economy produced prosperity for the dominant social forces while marginalising a large part of the population and resulted in a deep rooted crisis in the state sector and the economy in general and called into question the feasibility of state-led development and required critical analysis of the role of the state in development.
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Mthembu, Senzo Peter. "The Socio-economic Impact Of The Squid Stock Volatility In The Eastern Cape Province Of South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This is an ongoing paper that discusses the socio-economics of three neighbouring small towns (Humansdorp, St. Francis and Jeffreys Bay) in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, each largely dependent on the squid fishery. The paper addresses four issues: (1) the operations of the squid industry in South Africa; (2) the local impacts of its operations; (3) the financial stability of the industry and (4) the manner in which the resource and the industry are managed by the ministry (and the implications of this). The linkages of the squid industry into both the local and provincial economies are estimated using mixed data from existing survey and census statistics, and from qualitative interviews and questionnaires. The paper also describes the roles played by industry participants in the squid value chain. A key element in the debates surrounding the management of marine resources is the benefits they provide for previously disadvantaged populations. The paper unravels some of the complexities underpinning this issue, in particular concerns regarding resource rights, management through closed seasons, and control over value chains. The stability and geographical origins of affected communities are focal issues. The paper also identifies major costs of industry operations and roughly quantifies them as a preliminary to establishing linkages to the local economy. It is noted that although the different vessels in operation vary in size and cost, the basic technology used is similar. The return on capital depends, therefore, on the skills of the fishers and the health of the resource.
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Agasi, Reut. "Socio-economic impact assessment of permit re-allocations in the South African West Coast Rock Lobster industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5753.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-71).
The decline of the WCRL fishery in recent decades has been accompanied by the restructuring of the permit process to a long-term rights allocation process and the increased participation of historically disadvantaged individuals. This paper examines the effects of declining somatic growth rates and stock abundance over the years, increased levels of poaching, and the placement and effectiveness of marine reserves, on the WCRL industry, which incorporates the offshore and nearshore commercial fisheries and the recreational fishery. Small-scale traditional fishermen face access constraints to the fisheries, including lack of skills, limited access to credit and insufficient organisation. Sustainability of both the resource and fishery-based livelihoods must be ensured when examining the social and economic impacts underlying the recent legal issue between MCM and the large rock lobster firms who were contesting the allocation of permits to nearshore fishermen. There is currently an attempt to resolve this ongoing conflict by the drafting of a small-scale fisheries policy. New focuses in the industry include introducing an ecosystem-based management approach by 2012, commitment to co-management, and marine protected areas, particularly a call for increased use of no-take reserves.
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Jensen, Nathan. "Exploring the Relationships Between Livelihood Dimensions and Socio-ecological Resilience in the Bolivian Altiplano." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13850739.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Households in the Bolivian Altiplano construct their livelihood strategies in a system marked by changing climate and volatile social systems. The strategies that they choose must work to decrease the household‘s vulnerability to shocks, such as drought and frost, and increase its ability to adapt to longer term changes, for instance the affects of globalization. Their strategies may also influence the resilience of their community and environment, either increasing or decreasing the likelihood of catastrophe.
This research uses canonical correlation analysis to analyze survey data collected from 330 rural households in two regions of the Bolivian Altiplano. It examines the impact that dominant livelihood strategies have on the resilience of the household and its socio-ecological environment. The analysis shows that access to land and lifecycle are two household characteristics most highly associated with resilience; that diversification into labor markets often works towards increasing resilience; and that many households use livestock as an insurance mechanism. The results suggest that policies that work towards increasing crop yields and reducing livestock loss in the face of climate change could effectively target the households that are most vulnerable. Programs that include transfer payments to older households for providing services, such as increasing ecosystem resilience by placing land in fallow, could reduce the negative impact of lifecycle experienced by many across both regions.
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Goosen, Claire. "Consumer acceptance of cheddar cheese : intrinsic, extrinsic and socio-demographic influences." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86490.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MAgricAdmin)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the sensory characteristics of Cheddar cheese that drive consumer acceptance. In addition, it investigated whether specific sensory profiles would satisfy specific consumer segments to ultimately facilitate greater acceptance and consumption of Cheddar cheese. A trained panel applied descriptive sensory analysis (DSA) to characterise the sensory attributes of six commercially produced cheeses ranging in maturity from 1 to 32 months. The cheese samples were differentiated by appearance, aroma, flavour and textural attributes. A consumer panel comprising of 115 target consumers rated preference for the cheeses on a 9-point hedonic scale. Moreover consumers completed a screener designed to collect socio-demographic information and opinions on cheese and cheese products. Instrumental colour analysis was performed on the cheese samples and in-depth consumer opinions and attitudes towards cheese were examined using the focus group technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted on the sensory and instrumental data, as well as the consumer liking and perception data. Additionally, a t-test was performed at a 5% significance level to determine the direction of the difference between the mean values. Multivariate analyses were performed on the sensory and consumer data to determine whether relationships existed between sample attributes and consumer liking. Consumer acceptability scores were segmented by agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) using Ward’s test. ANOVA was performed on the consumer data per cluster for colour liking, texture liking, flavour liking and overall liking. Partial least squares regression (PLS) was performed in an attempt to relate consumer degree of liking data, the socialdemographic and attitudinal data, as well as the sensory and instrumental data. The younger cheeses; Gouda at one month, Edam at two months and Cheddar at 4 months were characterised as glossy, with a buttery and creamy aroma; creamy flavour, salty and slightly sour taste combined with lingering cheese flavour. Textures were described as creamy, springy and rubbery. Sensory attributes of visible white crystals, moisture seepage, brothy and Cheddar aromas; brothy, Cheddar and prickle flavours together with textural attributes of firm, hard, crumbly, grainy and teeth-coating characterised the aged Cheddar cheeses. Flavour development was not progressive as the cheeses aged and atypical flavour development was identified in the Cheddar cheese aged to 8 and 15 months, respectively. Flavour followed by price and convenience drive cheese purchase amongst this group of consumers. From a sensory perspective, glossy appearance, a red hue and yellow colour drive cheese colour liking. Texture liking is driven by springy and hard attributes. Flavour liking is driven by cooked milk, buttery and creamy aroma and creamy flavour. Finally overall cheese liking is driven by glossy appearance; cooked milk, buttery and creamy aroma; creamy flavour; springy and creamy texture; specific instrumental colour values, as well as fat, moisture and salt content. Three clusters per variable of colour, texture, flavour and overall liking of cheese were identified through segmentation performed on the preference data. Results indicate that consumers are not homogenous in their sensory requirements, attitudes and behaviour towards cheese. Based on the consumer preference for specific sensory characteristics of cheese, consumer segments can be identified and cheese can be optimised to satisfy these sensory requirements.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was eerstens om te bepaal watter spesifieke sensoriese eienskappe van Cheddarkaas verbruikersaanvaarbaarheid dryf, en tweedens om verbruikersdata te segmenteer ten einde vas te stel of verskillende verbruikersegmente verskillende voorkeure het wat betref Cheddarkaas. Kennis hiervan sal uiteindelik bydra tot verhoogde verbruikerstevredentheid, en dus verhoogde verkope van Cheddarkaas op die plaaslike mark. Beskrywende sensoriese analise en ’n opgeleide paneel is gebruik om die sensoriese eienskappe van ses kommersiële kaas variante te bepaal. Instrumentele kleuranalise is ook bepaal. Die monsters kaas het gewissel in ouderdom (van 1 tot 32 maande veroudering), asook in voorkoms, aroma, geur, smaak en teksturele eienskappe. ’n Verbruikerspaneel bestaande uit 115 individue het die voorkeur en aanvaarbaarheid van die ses variante kaas ge-evalueer deur gebruik te maak van die 9-punt hedoniese skaal. Sosio-demografiese inligting en verbruikeropinies betreffende kaas is ook versamel. Ten laaste is die fokusgroep tegniek gebruik om in-diepte inligting te verkry wat betref verbruikeropinies en –houdings ten opsigte van Cheddarkaas. Analise van variansie (ANOVA) is op sensoriese, instrumentele en verbruikersdata toegepas. T-toets is by ‘n betekenispeil van 5% uitgevoer om te bepaal of daar per eienskap betekenisvolle verskille tussen monstergemiddeldes was. Meerveranderlike analise is uitgevoer op die sensoriese en verbruikerdata ten einde te bepaal of spesifieke sensoriese produkeienskappe verbruikersvoorkeur dryf. Ward se statistiese groepering is gebruik om te bepaal of die verbruikers in verskillende voorkeursegmente gegroepeer kan word. Hierna is ANOVA op elke segment uitgevoer ten einde per segment verbruikersvoorkeur van die onderskeie produkte te bepaal wat betref voorkoms, geur en tekstuur. Meervoudige regressie analise is toegepas om die verwantskap tussen verbruikervoorkeur-, houding- en sosio-demografiese eienskappe van die verbruikers te bepaal, asook tussen die sensoriese en instrumentele produkeienskappe. Die kase wat vir ‘n kort tydperk verouder is, m.a.w. Gouda, Edam en Cheddar na 4 maande veroudering is beskryf as glansend, met ‘n ryk botter en romerige aroma, romerige geur, sout en effense suur smaak, asook ‘n standhoudende kaasgeur. Teksturele eienskappe van hierdie drie kaassoorte is beskryf as romerig, veerkragtig en effe rubberig. Die Cheddar kase wat langer verouder is, het tekens getoon van sigbare wit kristalle en sinerese op die kaasoppervlak, ‘n prikgevoel op die tong, asook sopagtige (“brothy”) en Cheddaragtige aromas en geure. Die teksturele eienskappe van die verouderde Cheddar kase is beskryf as ferm, hard, krummelagtig en greinerig, asook met’n geneigdheid van die kaas om aan die tande vas te kleef. Geurontwikkeling het nie progressief plaasgevind soos die kase verouder het nie. Die Cheddar kase wat onderskeidelik vir 8 en 15 maande verouder is, het atipiese geurontwikkeling getoon. Belangrike faktore wat tydens die aankoop van kaas’n rol speel, en dus voorkeur dryf is eerstens geur, tweedens prys en derdens produk-gemak. Sensoriese aspekte wat voorkeur dryf, is ‘’n glansende voorkoms en effe rooierige-gelerige kleur. Tekstuur voorkeure sluit in veerkragtiheid en hardheid, terwyl geur voorkeure die volgende insluit: romerige, botterige en melk aromas, asook ‘n romerige geur. In die geheel gesien, dryf die volgende eienskappe dus verbruikersvoorkeur: kaas met ‘n glansende voorkoms, geure soos botteragtig, roomagtig en melkerig en teksture soos veerkragtig en romerig. Voedinstofinhoud beȉnvloed ook verbruikersvoorkeur, nl. soutinhoud, vetinhoud en voginhoud. Segmentasie van verbruikersdata het getoon dat die onderskeie verbruikersegmente nie ooreenstem wat betref hul verbruikersvoorkeure, houdings en persepsies van kaassorte nie. Die resultate het egter spesifike sensoriese rigtingwysers geidentifiseer wat die bedryf kan gebruik om kaas te produseer vir elk van die onderskeie marksegmente.
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Kekana, Daniel Senkgoa. "A socio-economic analysis of urban agriculture the Soshanguve project case study /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08272007-154407.
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Kirby, Timothy Joel. "Women's Suffrage in the United States: A Synthesis of the Contributing Factors in Suffrage Extension." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1596119821783093.
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Abiodun, A. "Fishermen's job perception and mobility : a study in socio-economics and fisheries management." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.592038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis sets out to examine contending issues in the literature on fisheries resource exploitation and management and, in recognition of the critical role of labour in executing a successful policy of rational utilisation of the resource, to investigate the fishermen's perception of their occupation and probable determinants of their mobility. This is placed within the context that labour stickiness, even in the presence of declining economic returns, is the rule rather than the exception in the fishing industry. These issues are examined with data on Scottish and Nigeria's fishing industries and a survey of Scottish fishermen. It is found that the issue of fishermen's mobility is not that of a lack of willingness on the part of the majority to exit from the industry but the problem is mainly with the speed of exit which may be too slow to match the requirements of management for stock conservation. This is reflected in the high degree of tolerance to declining income among the fishermen, an equivalent of a low reservation wage which translates to a high cost of inducing exit from the industry. Models investigated for fishermen's mobility in Scottish fisheries indicate the strong influence of the opportunity wage, output and vessels on the number of fishermen while for Nigeria's small-scale fisheries the dominance of the output variable coupled with the non-significance of price per se suggests the importance of production for subsistence rather than for exchange. The significance of the unemployment variable is indicative of the open-access nature of the artisanal fisheries of less developed countries. Policies that seek to reduce labour use in the industry may find greater success in vessel reduction for large-scale fisheries but success hinges on the availability of fishing or sea-related alternative employment opportunities.
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Budiakova, Olena. "Coaching in solving socio-psychological problems of higher education students." Thesis, Видавництво ТОВ "Стильна типографія", 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19418.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a typical economic model of higher education, it is assumed that students know how to behave. We assume that they know how to learn, how to set priorities and how to plan. However, given what we know about the pace of stable levels of education in higher education, this is an assumption that should be questioned. In all sectors of higher education, more needs to be done to increase students' persistence in learning. Foreign literature and research in economics, education, and sociology suggest that student coaching may be a way to help students succeed in higher education.
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Macy, Alexandra G. "The Socio-economic and Religious Aspects in Robinson Crusoe." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the novel, Robinson Crusoe, Daniel Defoe examines a wide range of complex issues. Defoe takes the typical adventure theme and transforms it into a thought-provoking reflection of many issues involving society. A blending of economic and religious issues is created by first focusing on economy, then bringing the issue of religion in, and finally allowing for the portrayal of the interpenetration between each. Defoe proves that it is possible to live by economic practices and monetary values while still maintaining a good, moral character. The emphasis on economic issues is extremely apparent, as Defoe calls into question the concept of money and its value, as well as its place in society. Crusoe is first portrayed as a man defined by money and ruled by economic principles. Even when removed from society, he is impelled to practice many economic conventions, such as investment, moderation and the idea of profit. Defoe creates Crusoe to be so greatly influenced by money and the economy in the beginning so as to better emphasize the intertwining of his economic side with his religious side. The Christian values and morals of Crusoe dominate the latter part of the novel. He rediscovers the Bible and its teachings and learns the importance of repentance and giving thanks. The provocative progression in unveiling the many layers of Crusoe allows for the reader to see that the man they thought to be defined by money is rather a man trying to live by the Word of God.
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Stone, Philip Benton. "The relative importance of telecommunications investments on selected measures of socio-economic development." Connect to resource, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262101313.
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Rusk, Michele. "Entrepreneurial leadership by design : the role of design in socio-economic innovation." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2018. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/35436/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The case for this PhD by published work is based on reflection on eight years’ reflective practice research into the role of design in entrepreneurial leadership. Specifically, it explores a strategic design approach to socio – economic innovation. It is the culmination of a thirty-year longitudinal study at the interface of leadership, enterprise, innovation and development within the particular challenging environment of the Northern Ireland conflict. One important lesson from the author’s experience of societal crisis has been the pivotal role of innovation in socio - economic regeneration. External environmental pressures are forcing organisations to develop new approaches to cope with uncertainty. These circumstances call for leaders who can innovate whilst navigating complexity. Against this context the research considers entrepreneurial leadership and understands this to be more than the sum of entrepreneurship and leadership but a new phenomenon leveraged in response to the current climate. The focus is on entrepreneurial leadership, strategic design and open innovation as transformational drivers for socio-economic value creation. The study involves a design-led approach that maps transformational drivers against triple helix challenges, to provide a new perspective on the generative role of design. It synthesises organising frameworks that further highlight how entrepreneurial leaders build relationships for developmental innovation. These model the interplay between transfiguring and threshold concepts to yield guiding principles for entrepreneurial leadership practice. They represent antecedent factors for a prospective theory of Design Dynamics. The distinct contribution is an original contextual framework that provides insight into how entrepreneurial leaders employ design to realise innovation. Further, this builds on the extant body of knowledge through the hypothesis of a potential Design Dynamics theory as a support structure to explain and guide entrepreneurial leadership within complex environments. Future research will explore the nature of this structure so that it is applicable to new entrepreneurial contexts.
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Kahn, Amy. "Does individual ability play a role in educational attainment over and above household, school and other socio-economic circumstances?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5803.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-74).This study looks at the impact of latent individual ability on educational attainment, specifically the decision to acquire tertiary education. The analysis aims to determine whether ability is significant over and above socio-economic status in determining educational attainment. The Cape Area Panel Study (CAPS) (2002-2005) and the School Register of Needs Survey (2000) provide data at the individual, household and school level, which are used to model the decision to apply for tertiary education for a sample of respondents who have completed matric. The CAPS data-set provides a set of literacy and numeracy test scores, which are regarded as measures of manifest ability. After purging out the effects of age, education level, as well as household and schoollevel characteristics from these test scores, a latent measure of ability is obtained, which is relatively independent of socio-economic status.
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Rennehamp, Roger Alan. "The relationship between selected antecedent characteristics and the perceived educational needs of extension agents with Four-H youth development responsibilities /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487585645577237.
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Fulton, Rorie Gerard Arthur. "Socio-cultural processes influencing the implementation of European Union agri-environmental policy : the case of Spain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391302.
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Jansson, Evelina. "Socio-economic inequality in Health : - An analysis of individuals over the age of 50 in the European population." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I have considered how socio-economic status are related to different health outcomes among people older than 50 years in the population of Europe and Israel. The data originates from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (the SHARE-project) and offers the opportunity for an in-depth analysis through its information-rich content that includes over 100 different variables at the individual level, covering the years 2004-2017. I have specifically examined how the level of education and economic status, measured as financial stress, of an individual are correlated with two different dimensions of health. The models also consider how different childhood characteristics may be related to an individual’s health at an older age. In this analysis, health is measured as the number of chronic diseases and a quality of life index, CASP-12, and pooled negative binomial and linear regression models are used. Even though the models possess some caveats and disadvantages, the results suggest that there are statistically significant relationships between socio-economic variables and health. Low education and high financial stress are significantly associated with higher expected number of chronic diseases and a lower quality of life, compared to individuals with a higher educational attainment and low financial stress. Furthermore, the results indicate that childhood characteristics, such as poor childhood health, low socio-economic status of the family and investments in education have far-reaching effects on different health outcomes, even at an older age.