Дисертації з теми "Society of the United Germans"
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Kucera, Tomas. "The soldier and liberal society : societal-military relations in Germany and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/85e2ff9a-712d-496f-95ea-c2be20fa895f.
Повний текст джерелаPetzschmann, Paul. "Challenges of Mass Society - German Emigre Political Thought in the United States 1933-1942." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508660.
Повний текст джерелаYoungblood, Thomas. "Racial Stereotypes and Racial Assimilation in a Multiracial Society." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28379/.
Повний текст джерелаHardwick, P. "Economies of scale in the United Kingdom building society industry." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383625.
Повний текст джерелаRidner, Judith A. "The Society of United Irishmen and the Rebellion of 1798." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625476.
Повний текст джерелаRuschau, Adam Richard. ""Fighting mit Sigel" or "running mit Howard" attitudes towards German-Americans in the Civil War /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1180542121.
Повний текст джерелаHopgood, Stephen James. "American foreign environmental policy at Stockholm and Rio : society, state, and international system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307385.
Повний текст джерелаClarkin, Thomas. "The new trail and the great society : federal Indian policy during the Kennedy-Johnson administration /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Повний текст джерелаSkinner, Caroline. "Introducing STS Scholarship to the Gun Policy Debate in United States Society." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1015.
Повний текст джерелаTrendell, Elizabeth. "Living wages in society and literature." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1422360.
Повний текст джерелаEdwards, Brian A. "A study of the self-destruction of civilization what happens to society when it departs from the order of wisdom /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.
Повний текст джерелаBoulton, Alexander Ormond. "The architecture of slavery: Art, language, and society in early Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623813.
Повний текст джерелаRighi, Brandon Paul. "The Right of Petition: Cases of Indentured Servants and Society in Colonial Virginia, 1698-1746." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626634.
Повний текст джерелаÖzden-Schilling, Canay. "Economy electric : techno-economics, neoliberalism, and electricity in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104559.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 263-285).
This dissertation is a study of emergent economic forms of life. It investigates recent remakings of economic existence and modes of disseminating these forms of life, and does so with particular reference to the crafting of electricity markets in the United States. It draws on more than a year of fieldwork among experts and users involved in electricity exchange. The experts and users among whom I conducted participant observation include computer programmers who assist companies that trade in electricity markets by collecting information and making trading suggestions, electrical engineers who design new infrastructures such as electricity markets for buying and selling electricity in bulk, psychologists and social scientists who study people's electricity consumption behavior to generate economic technologies to save money to users and providers of electricity, and citizen groups based in West Virginia and rural Illinois that organize against electricity markets' exclusion of consumers from decision-making mechanisms. Bringing questions of economic anthropology to bear upon the emergent literature of the anthropology of infrastructures, I propose that new economic forms of existence often come to being though infrastructure building and maintenance. For the last 20 years, experts of diverse technical backgrounds have been reprogramming the electric grid to allow for enhanced calculative choice and competition - principles at the core of the neoliberal agenda. I demonstrate that people who do not necessarily concern themselves with the formal study of economics often take the lead in creating and propagating wide-ranging economic emergent forms of life, such as neoliberalism, across the social field. To zero in on their work, I develop the concept of "techno-economics": an approach that understands commodities, whether they are living nonhumans such as livestock or inorganic processes like electricity, as more than passive receptacles of human design, and locates humans within their efforts to commoditize and marketize unruly objects, like electricity - a commodity that cannot be stored in warehouses or shipped on highways. Anthropological studies of the techno-economic, I suggest, are best equipped to make connections in ethnographic representation between otherwise disparate nodes of social life, like expertise and wires, law and steel, and finally, economics and electricity.
by Canay Özden-Schilling.
Ph. D. in History and Social Study of Science and Technology (HASTS)
Burton, Paul F. "An active and united body : change in the Society of Friends in Scotland." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417428.
Повний текст джерелаNelson, Robert Kent. "Society of souls: Spirit, friendship, and the antebellum reform imagination." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623502.
Повний текст джерелаFelicello, Rosanne Elena. "Is America driven by profit?: a sociological study of private versus public interests in American society." Thesis, Boston University, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27646.
Повний текст джерелаAlverio, Edwin. "Poetry, a vehicle to demounce the colonialism in the Puerto Rican society /." Abstract, 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000550/01/1994ABSTRACT.htm.
Повний текст джерелаThesis advisor: Antonio García-Lozada. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Spanish." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-103). Abstract available via the World Wide Web.
Richling, Marian. ""To make all Irishmen - citizens ; all citizens - Irishmen"?: die Genese und das Scheitern des republikanischen Nationalismus in Irland (1782-1798)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975270893.
Повний текст джерелаIrizarry, Ashley M. "Possessing the Holy Land: The Palestine Exploration Fund and the American Palestine Exploration Society." W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626767.
Повний текст джерелаCoombs, John C. "Building "the machine": The development of slavery and slave society in early colonial Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623434.
Повний текст джерелаKerrigan, Donald F. "Information centers in the United States Navy: future support for a computer literate society." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25998.
Повний текст джерелаKrones, Jonathan Seth. "Accounting for non-hazardous industrial waste in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106591.
Повний текст джерелаThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 291-309).
This dissertation presents a method for estimating the tonnage and composition of non-hazardous industrial waste (NHIW) flows in the United States. For thirty years, it has been an accepted fact that NHIW is generated at a rate of 6.9 billion Mg per year, making it the largest waste flow in the country by more than an order of magnitude. However, this value was generated in 1985, has not been updated since, and is thought to account largely for the weight of dilute process water disposed in surface impoundments rather than solid waste generated by industry. To address this data gap, and lacking the resources to collect new, national-scale information, I propose an approach by which three independent estimates of NHIW generation based on existing data are used to corroborate each other at the industry sector level. The individual estimates are compared in triangulation so as to control for the errors, uncertainties and other validity concerns unique to each. The methods are: forecasting from historical waste accounts, modeling industrial materials flows to calculate lost mass, and up-scaling state-level data reported to the Pennsylvania Residual Waste Program. I apply the triangulation method to three industrial sectors for the year 2010, yielding estimates of (all in million Mg) 9.7-14.9 from pulp and paper, 21.2-24.7 from iron and steel, and 0.96-1.24 from petroleum refining. These values suggest that the total quantity of NHIW is measured in the hundreds of millions of Mg, not the billions as claimed by the prevailing EPA account. It therefore appears that NHIW generation rates are comparable to those of municipal solid waste. Accurate waste accounting based on reliable, repeatable, and efficient methods is an important tool for characterizing current environmental challenges and understanding trends and the effects of key drivers. Waste accounts are also essential for developing and tracking progress on sustainability strategies like industrial symbiosis, in which wastes like NHIW are used as substitutes for raw materials throughout the economy. The method developed here satisfies these needs and answers what has been an open question for nearly three decades.
by Jonathan Seth Krones.
Ph. D. in Engineering Systems
Hughes, Margaret Jean. "Who will you see? A positive typology of African American and Latino men involved in groups society labels, gangs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/687.
Повний текст джерелаHill, Kathryn Louise. "Just Where Do You Think You're Going?: Maternalism and Social Work of the Travelers' Aid Society of Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626630.
Повний текст джерелаChambers, Thomas A. ""A Good Mind, Well Stored": Medicine, Society, Literature, and Sensibility in the Journal of Abigial May, 1800." W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625914.
Повний текст джерелаGreen, Tomas W. (Tomas Wesley). "Distributed household effects of climate policy in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127170.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 79-83).
The net effects of various climate policies on households in the United States are assessed, with particular attention to the distribution of economic outcomes across geography, urbanity, and income groups. Climate policy has the potential to assess more costs to low-income households than high-income households (regressive) as well as more costs to rural households than metropolitan. The objective of this study was to improve the understanding of the potential for regressivity, geographic transfers, and rural-urban transfers among climate policy options and to test for ways to mitigate regressivity and unwanted transfers. Using different machine learning algorithms, I created a statistical model of the household carbon footprint (HCF) for an average household in each US Census tract. Policy outcomes were assessed by quantifying the net increase or decrease of annual household expenses (e.g.
electricity, utilities, and gasoline consumption) under 12 different policy scenarios, which included carbon pricing schemes, regulatory standards (Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards, Clean Energy Standards, and the Clean Power Plan), and a scenario that combined carbon pricing and command-and-control regulation. I found that there is significant variation in carbon footprints with income and geography; income effects are mostly driven by higher footprints related to transportation and consumer products and services, while geographic effects are affected by the carbon intensity of the electricity grid. Carbon pricing, when accompanied with a dividend, is progressive for urban, rural, and suburban households. There are transfers from the Midwest and Plains to the Coasts when the dividend is evenly divided, but this can be mitigated though adjusting the dividend slightly (<8% increase or decrease).
Adjusting the dividend to increase the amount for low-income households and reduce the amount for high-income households benefits rural households more on average, but increases the overall heterogeneity of impacts within each income group. Adjusting the carbon dividend for both geography and urbanity increases the average benefit to low-income households and reduces the heterogeneity of impacts within income groups. The effects of the regulatory policy tends to be regressive and are, on average, a net cost to households who are low income - especially those in rural areas. Combining a carbon price and dividend with regulatory standards can remove the regressive trend of regulations, but regional and urban-rural transfers are harder to mitigate.
by Tomas W. Green.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
Jezierski, Rachael A. "The Glasgow Emancipation Society and the American Anti-Slavery Movement." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2641/.
Повний текст джерелаShaw, William R. "Broadacre City : American fable and technological society /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10177.
Повний текст джерелаBarnett, Teresa. "The nineteenth-century relic a pre-history of the historical artifact /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1562129951&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Повний текст джерелаWilson, Gregory S. "Before the Great Society : liberalism, deindustrialization and area redevelopment in the United States, 1933-1965 /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394475977776.
Повний текст джерелаStump, Daniel H. Simms L. Moody. "A plan for teaching American Transcendentalism concept and method /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9986991.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from title page screen, viewed May 16, 2006. Dissertation Committee: L. Moody Simms (chair), Niles R. Holt, Lawrence W. McBride, Frederick D. Drake, Steven E. Kagle. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 296-299) and abstract. Also available in print.
Wolters, Timothy Scott 1965. "Managing a sea of information : shipboard command and control in the United States Navy, 1899-1945." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17618.
Повний текст джерела"September 2003."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 263-294).
This dissertation traces the history of shipboard command and control systems in the United States Navy from 1899, when the service first conducted experiments with wireless telegraphy, through World War II, the conflict which witnessed the birth of the modern shipboard information processing facility. It argues that early-to-mid twentieth century naval officers' development and employment of increasingly sophisticated shipboard command and control systems fundamentally altered the human experience of warfare at sea. Based predominately on archival research, Managing a Sea of Information follows a narrative format. It begins by examining the United States Navy's adoption of radio and challenges the notion that a conservative officer corps failed to appreciate the potential advantages of this new communications technology. The bulk of the study explores the Navy' s development of shipboard command and control systems from World War I through the beginning of World War II, focusing particularly on the efforts of operational commanders to maximize their capabilities through the adoption of devices, methods, and procedures for the collection, processing, and dissemination of information. These efforts gradually changed the nature of command at sea, from an environment in which commanders could make informed tactical decisions with relatively limited input from subordinates, to one characterized by epistemic actions and socially-distributed cognition. The dissertation concludes with a brief analysis of shipboard command and control systems during the Second World War, concentrating especially on the United States Navy's creation of the Combat Information Center (CIC).
by Timothy Scott Wolters.
Ph.D.
Wylie, Sara Ann. "Corporate bodies and chemical bonds : an STS analysis of natural gas development in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69453.
Повний текст джерелаPage 689 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 652-688).
Natural gas extraction in the United States in the early 21st century has transformed social, physical, legal and biological landscapes. The technique of hydraulic fracturing, which entails the high-pressure injection into subsurface shale formations of synthetic chemical mixtures, has been viewed by the natural gas industry as a practice of great promise. But there is another side to the story. The first half of this dissertation explores an innovative scientific approach to studying the possible deleterious impacts on human health and the environment of the release of chemicals used in gas extraction. Via participant-observation within a small scientific advocacy organization, The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), I follow the development of a database of chemicals used in natural gas extraction, a database that seeks to document not only what these chemicals are (many are proprietary), but also what sorts of bodily and ecological effects these substances may have. I analyze ethnographically how TEDX transformed an information vacuum around fracturing and generated fierce regional and national debates about the public health effects of this activity. The second portion of the dissertation expands TEDX's databasing methodology by reporting on a set of online user-generated databasing and mapping tools developed to interconnect communities encountering the corporate forces and chemical processes animating gas development. Shale gas extraction is an intensive technological practice and requires the delicate calibration of corporate, governmental, and legal apparatuses in order to proceed. The industry operates at county, state, and federal levels, and has in many instances been able to organize regulatory environments suited to rapid and lucrative gas extraction. In the midst of such multi-scalar deterritorializing forces, communities may have little legal or technical recourse if they think that they have been subject to chemical and corporate forces that undermine their financial, bodily, and social security. ExtrAct, a research group I co-founded and directed with artist and technologist Chris Csikszentmihalyi, sought to intervene in these processes by developing a suite of online mapping and databasing tools through which "gas patch" communities could share information, network, study and respond to industry activity across states. Using ExtrAct as an example this dissertation explores how social sciences and the academy at large can invest in developing research tools, methods, and programs designed for non-corporate ends, perhaps redressing in the process the informational and technical imbalances faced by communities dealing with large-scale multinational industries whose infrastructure and impacts are largely invisible to public scrutiny. The dissertation describes one potential method for such engaged scientific and social scientific research: an iterative, ethnographically informed process that I term "STS in Practice."
by Sara Ann Wylie.
Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS
Ben, Amira Mustapha. "The concept of interest in the Western and Middle Eastern society." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2351.
Повний текст джерелаSagorje, Marina. "Self and society in Mary McCarthy's writing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8fd1de71-c10c-4341-8283-ccebfeebf2a7.
Повний текст джерелаPavelec, Sterling Michael. "The development of turbojet aircraft in Germany, Britain, and the United States : a multi-national comparison of aeronautical engineering, 1935-1946 /." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/send-pdf.cgi/Pavelec%20Sterling%20Michael.pdf?acc_num=osu1082396007.
Повний текст джерелаFaugstad, Jesse A. "Ike's Last War: Making War Safe for Society." Chapman University Digital Commons, 2019. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/war_and_society_theses/5.
Повний текст джерелаAslam, Muhammad Wali. "Operation Iraqi Freedom : the United States and the idea of 'great power responsibility' in international society." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/199/.
Повний текст джерелаFrerichs, Sabine. "Karl Polanyi and the Law of Market Society." Springer Nature, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11614-019-00328-5.
Повний текст джерелаHunter, Mark C. ""--with the propriety and decorum which characterize the society of gentlemen" : the United States Naval Academy and its youth, 1845-1861 /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0034/MQ47459.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPoznan, Kristina Elizabeth. "National Remedies for National Evils: The Problem of Universal Reform and Race in the American Moral Reform Society, 1835-1841." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720310.
Повний текст джерелаEndersby, Linda Eikmeier 1973. "Expositions, museums, and technological display : building cultural institutions for the "inventor citizen" in the late nineteenth century United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9388.
Повний текст джерелаVita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 254-273).
The dissertation is an historical study of the interactions between technologists and museums in the late nineteenth United States, the role of international expositions-such as Philadelphia in 1876 and Chicago in 1893-in these interactions, and the rise of technology collections in those museums. Through archival sources, as well as published primary and secondary source material, the dissertation examines the role of engineers and the public in creating technological collections in museums dominated by natural history specimens. It focuses on intersections between industry, engineers, international expositions, and museums in the nineteenth century by considering the cases of the Smithsonian's National Museum and the Field Columbian Museum. This research explores technology and its cultural roles, how technology related to or differed from other aspects of American culture, and how this may have precluded the establishment of a national museum dedicated to mechanical arts, technology and America's inventor citizens, even while some engineers brokered a place for technological collections to develop. Despite objections and a lack of support from the higher administration within the museums, mechanical and technological collections developed. In an era of enthusiasm for technology, invention, and mechanics, forces outside the museums pushed the development of the collections. In particular, a group of engineers, as curators and exhibit designers; played roles in the celebration of technological achievement and at the expositions, in the attempts to establish mechanical arts and technology collections at the two prominent museums, and in the connections between technologists and museums that proved essential to the development of the collections. In addition, pressure from a public audience enthused about technology and machines aided such collections by influencing museum administration. This dissertation argues that engineers became mediators between the museum world and the world of engineering by brokering the culture of technology and securing a subordinate, yet permanent place for technology within the museum world. Key issues in the negotiation and brokering include the nature of the culture of technology, the professionalization process of engineers and their need for social status and cultural recognition, and the place of technology in nineteenth century lives and hierarchies.
by Linda Eikmeier Endersby.
Ph.D.
Kuebler-Wolf, Elizabeth Ann. "The perfect shadow of his master : proslavery ideology in American visual culture, 1700-1920 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3204312.
Повний текст джерелаRawson, David A. ""Guardians of their own liberty": A contextual history of print culture in Virginia society, 1750 to 1820." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720311.
Повний текст джерелаMuramoto, Dylan Toshinari. "Tailorability-focused recommendations for United States Air Force software acquisition policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127176.
Повний текст джерелаThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-60).
In order to adapt and respond to threats by near-peer-adversaries that are changing at an increasing pace, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been focused on reforming software acquisition for rapid development and deployment of software capabilities to the battlefield. Military leaders have been focused on accelerating development and increasing the frequency of deployment, encouraging developers to take risks to reduce schedules. However, military systems have certain levels of performance and quality requirements that must be met to successfully execute missions. Additionally, software systems have many different characteristics that must be considered during development. In this thesis, the DoD software acquisition process and new guidance from the Department and the U.S. Air Force (USAF) regarding software acquisition reforms are detailed first. The existing policy is examined to identify gaps regarding tailoring development processes to different software systems. After providing context on how software is developed and describing four process models to show that different processes are most appropriate for developing systems with certain characteristics, eight specific software system characteristics are identified: user, urgency, lifespan, performance (timing), quality/risk, size, integration, and requirements. Furthermore, recommendations to the USAF and DoD for implementing policy/guidelines that help establish a tailorable software acquisition process based on these eight system characteristics are provided. This thesis hopes to help leaders and managers understand the technical characteristics of software systems and match those with appropriate development process designs and practices, instead of a one-size-fits-all blanket solution, so that the required quality and evolvability of military systems are not compromised in execution of the national security mission.
by Dylan Toshinari Muramoto.
S.M.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Age, Daniel W. "Beyond fixity and freedom : mainstream Protestantism's relationship to society in North America : from identification to differentiation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13710.
Повний текст джерелаGibson, Beth. "The Termination of the Quickening Doctrine: American Law, Society, and the Advent of Professional Medicine in the Nineteenth Century." TopSCHOLAR®, 1995. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/910.
Повний текст джерелаKrause, Wanda. "Civil society in the Arab Gulf : a case study on women's activism in the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436764.
Повний текст джерелаVaz-Pinto, Ana Raquel Coutinho Rosa. "International society, standard of civilisation, and the abolition of the death penalty: the United Nations and China." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/5039.
Повний текст джерелаAs Nações Unidas conseguiram criar uma 'janela de oportunidade' em relação a abolição internacional da pena de morte. Este esforço está inserido no 'resgate do indviduo' em matéria de direitos humanos e responsibilidade dos estados que se verificou a partir de 1945. Para além disso, a questão dos direitos humanos ocupa um lugar central na procura de um novo standard de civilização. Todavia, esta procura não tem sido consensual e reflecte o estádio embrionário da sociedade de estados que tenta harmonizar a uma escala universal os seus elementos de sociedade, sistémicos, e comunitários. A institutionalização da abolição da pena de morte não está ainda conseguida e, bem pelo contrário, e um processo que se encontra no inicio. A maix barreira para as Nações Unidas é a de promover a norma abolicionista no domínio das abordagens pluralistas de grandes potências como a China, o país que lidera o número de sentenças capitais e execuções em todo o mundo. O pluralismo metodológico da Escola Inglesa permite-nos compreender os diversos componentes deste debate, i e., a abolição da pena de morte é per se um elemento comunitário desenvolvido numa moldura de sociedade e que enfrenta constrangimentos pluralistas.
The United Nations has been successful in establishing an international abolitionist 'window of opportunitv' regarding the death penalty. This 'window' is included in the wider framework of human rights and statc? accountability that was made possible after the 'rescue of the individual' in the post-1945 world. Human rights are at the core of the search for a new standard of civilisation, a search that has been fc;r from consensual. It reflects the embryonic stage of a truly global society of states that is trying to harmonise its systemic, societal and community elements on a universal scale. The institutionalisation of the abolition of the death penalty is still at the beginning and lacks iriernational consensus. The greatest hurdle is to promote socialisation of the abolitionist norm into retentionist countries such as China, the leading country in death sentences and executions worldwide. The methodological pluralism of the 'English School' enables us to understand what is at work in the death penalty debate, namely that its abolition is a community building block that is being nurtured in a societal framework and faced with pluralist constraints.
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