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Статті в журналах з теми "Società rurale"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Musella, Luigi. "Dalla storia economico-sociale alla storia della società rurale. Un passaggio negli studi di storia contemporanea di Pasquale Villani." SOCIETÀ E STORIA, no. 171 (February 2021): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ss2021-171009.

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L'autore sottolinea il passaggio dalla storia economico-sociale alla storia della società rurale nella produzione scientifica di Villani. Si sono considerate alcune pubblicazioni che meglio di altre evidenziano, prima, la sua partecipazione a quel dibattito che ci fu tra studiosi con una impostazione crociana e studiosi con una impostazione gramsciana e/o marxista nel corso degli anni cinquanta e sessanta;; poi, quella fase che lo portò a riprendere la lezione delle «Annales» attraverso l'esperienza dei «Quaderni Storici». In tale contesto, vengono esaminate le sue posizioni rispetto al dibattito tra Emilio Sereni e Rosario Romeo, l'atteggiamento nei confronti dell'impegno politico degli storici. L'adesione alle novità della storiografia francese lo portarono a una visione più ampia e complessa e all'uso della categoria di "società rurale".

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2

Guida, Patrizia. "Etnografia e Storiografia negli scritti odeporici di Fulvia Miani Perotti." SPONDE 2, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/sponde.4092.

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Attraverso i suoi scritti odeporici la scrittrice pugliese Fulvia Miani Perotti (1844 - 1931) ri-afferma l’identità regionale e con essa le tradizioni del genius loci secondo l’azione di propaganda di quelli che sono gli assi portanti della ricerca demologica in Italia negli anni post-unitari, ovvero il rapporto tra identità regionale e identità nazionale. Il saggio prende in analisi, in particolare, il suo volume di racconti, Profili e paesaggi, che contiene tre lunghi racconti di viaggio (Su pe’ Colli, Riva Adriatica, Nella Magna Grecia), in cui la scrittrice descrive la società rurale pugliese. L’analisi dei testi dimostra che Miani Perotti privilegia gli aspetti storiografici ed etnografici a scapito di una trama che diventa un mero pretesto per narrare usi e costumi, passato e presente, di un territorio familiare e, pertanto, non straniante.

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3

Filip-Gherman, Viorel. "Chiesa e società in Transilvania all’inizio del XX secolo. La confutazione del prete come preliminario per il passaggio al neoprotestantesimo: il caso della parrocchia Mașca (zona di Lăpuș, provincia di Maramureș)." Journal of Church History 2020, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jch.2020.2.5.

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Riassunto: Il presente saggio offre un contributo documentario significativo al fine di capire meglio i “rapporti di potere” a livello delle comunità rurali della Transilvania della seconda metà del XIX secolo ed all’inizio del successivo. In base ad una documentazione rintracciata attraverso ricerche su fondi d’archivio, collocati presso il Servizio Distrettuale Maramureș degli Archivi Nazionali della Romania, viene presentato “il dossier” di un conflitto locale protrattosi per un periodo lungo e che finì per indebolire l’identità confessionale iniziale di una comunità rurale del nord della Transilvania, rendendo così possibile il passaggio ad un’altra confessione religiosa, ad una protestante, nel caso di cui ci stiamo occupando. Si tratta della parrocchia ortodossa romena Mașca (che cambiò il nome dopo la seconda guerra mondiale, diventando Răzoare), dove il giovane prete Ioan Dobre fu incaricato, nel 1905, anche dell’incombenza di insegnante nella scuola locale, gestita appunto dalla stessa parrocchia ortodossa del villaggio. Questo episodio fu l’inizio di un rapporto teso tra il sacerdote, il comitato della parrocchia locale e il rispettivo decanato ortodosso (con sede nella città di Dej, capoluogo di provincia prima e dopo il 1918), che peggiorò durante il tempo e che si prolungò a lungo. Questo stato di cose fece sì che la Mașca fosse una delle parrocchie della zona di Lăpuș (distretto di Maramureș), più segnata dal passaggio al neoprotestantesimo.

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4

Bouquet, Emmanuelle. "Construir un sistema financiero para el desarrollo rural en México. Nuevos papeles para el Estado y la sociedad civil." Revista Trace, no. 52 (July 6, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.52.2007.338.

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La problemática del artículo es la definición de los papeles para el Estado y la sociedad civil en el proceso de construir sistemas financieros adaptados a las necesidades de la población agrícola y rural en los países en desarrollo. Se presenta una reseña de la evolución en el paradigma de las finanzas rurales ocurrida en los últimos veinte años en el ámbito internacional, y se aplica este marco de análisis de las políticas públicas al caso de México.Abstract: The article addresses the issue of defining the appropriate roles for the State and civil society in the process of building financial systems tailored to the needs of agricultural and rural populations in developing countries. It offers a review of how the rural finance paradigm has evolved in the last twenty years, and applies this policy analysis framework to the case of Mexico.Résumé : L’article aborde la question de la répartition des rôles de l’État et la société civile dans le processus de construction de systèmes financiers adaptés aux nécessités des populations agricoles et rurales dans les pays en développement. Il propose une revue des évolutions qui ont marqué le paradigme de la finance rurale dans les vingt dernières années, et applique ce cadre d’analyse des politiques publiques au cas du Mexique.

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5

Kučerová, E. "European Society for Rural Sociology." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 7 (March 2, 2012): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5408-agricecon.

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6

Querol, Vicent A., and Xavier Ginés Sànchez. "La participació dels espais rurals en la sostenibilitat ambiental. Anàlisi dels discursos d’iniciatives productives en el context rural de Castelló." Disjuntiva. Crítica de les Ciències Socials 1, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/disjuntiva2020.1.2.2.

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Els espais rurals han estat cridats a jugar un paper central en la lluita per pal· liar els efectes del canvi climàtic. La categorització exògena que ha dividit i separat la natura de la societat i la cultura ha tingut efectes negatius sobre la relació entre les poblacions rurals i les institucions que han de vetlar per la sostenibilitat ambiental. Aquest article es planteja l’anàlisi d’iniciatives productives que, des de les àrees rurals de Castelló, hem identificat amb el concepte de Nova Ruralitat i de quina manera els seus discursos harmonitzen amb la sostenibilitat ambiental. L’enfocament teòric revisa un marc on s’exposen les accions del conservacionisme propi de les àrees protegides i del desenvolupament rural, com també les noves concepcions que reforcen els enfocaments que donen veu i valor a les mirades des del rural. I això sense perdre de vista un context institucional supralocal que concentra serveis i infraestructures a les ciutats al temps que genera normatives que segueixen desequilibrant el territori valencià. El bastiment d’una ciutadania rural conscient del canvi climàtic alhora que esperonada a la participació en els processos institucionals esdevé una de les claus d’una sostenibilitat ambiental que ha de recolzar-se sobre una altra sostenibilitat: la social al rural. | Rural areas have been called to play a central role in the fight to mitigate the effects of climate change. The exogenous categorization that has divided and separated nature from society and culture had negative effects on the relation between rural dwellers and the Institutions that supposed to look after environmental sustainability.

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7

Soares da Silva, Ana Cláudia, Ana Ivania Alves Fonseca, and Cássio Alexandre da Silva. "GEOGRAFIA DOS ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS E A REFORMA AGRÁRIA NO MUNICÍPIO DE FRANCISCO SÁ - NORTE DE MINAS." Revista Cerrados 16, no. 02 (March 9, 2020): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc2448269220181602174188.

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A Geografia é a ciência que busca a compreensão dos fenômenos socioespaciais. Os elementos condicionantes do espaço são as relações sociedade/natureza que produzem arranjos materiais e imateriais. As discussões sobre assentamentos rurais e movimentos de luta pela terra constituem uma diversidade de interpretações, nessa trajetória, apresenta-se a busca por novos paradigmas, novas linguagens e novas propostas ao modelo tradicional da reforma agrária. Os assentamentos rurais na região Norte Mineira são espaços de agricultura familiar e territórios produtivos. As particularidades de cada assentamento se traduzem em áreas mais desenvolvidas, e outras menos desenvolvidas, essa análise reflete na diversidade regional, que sejam nos aspectos socioeconômicos e físicos geográficos. Nessa discussão, o presente estudo procura analisar a reforma agrária e a formação dos assentamentos rurais no munícipio de Francisco Sá-MG. O procedimento metodológico baseou-se em estudos bibliográficos para fundamentação da parte teórica, pesquisa direta através de trabalho de campo e entrevista. Portanto, os assentamentos rurais no município de Francisco Sá constituem-se em territórios, compostos por diferentes modalidades de acesso à terra e reprodução social diversa. Palavras-chave: Território. Reforma agrária. Assentamentos Rurais. GEOGRAPHY OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS AND AGRARIAN REFORM IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF FRANCISCO SÁ – NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS ABSTRACT The Geography is the science devoted to the understanding of socio-spatial phenomena. The space conditioning elements are the society/nature relationships that produce material and immaterial arrangements. The discussions regarding rural settlements and land struggle movements represent a diversity of interpretations, in this trajectory; the search for new paradigms, new languages and new proposals is presented to the traditional model of agrarian reform. Rural settlements in the northern region of Minas Gerais are areas marked by family agriculture and productive territories. The particularities of each settlement translate into more developed areas, and others less developed, this analysis reflects in the regional diversity of socioeconomic and physical geographic aspects. In this perspective, the present study aims to analyze the agrarian reform and the formation of rural settlements in Francisco Sá, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodological procedure was based on bibliographical studies to substantiate the theoretical part, field research and interviews. Therefore, the rural settlements in the municipality of Francisco Sá are constituted in territories, composed by different modalities of land access and diverse social reproduction. Keywords: Territory. Agrarian reform. Rural Settlements. GEOGRAFÍA DE LOS ASENTAMIENTOS RURALES Y LA REFORMA AGRARIA EN EL MUNICIPIO DE FRANCISCO SÁ - NORTE DE MINAS RESUMEN La Geografía es la ciencia que busca la comprensión de los fenómenos socioespaciales. Los elementos condicionantes del espacio son las relaciones sociedad / naturaleza que producen arreglos materiales e inmateriales. Las discusiones sobre asentamientos rurales y movimientos de lucha representan una diversidad de interpretaciones, en esa trayectoria, se presentan la búsqueda de nuevos paradigmas, nuevos lenguajes y nuevas propuestas al modelo tradicional de la reforma agraria. Los asentamientos rurales en la región Norte Minera, son espacios de agricultura familiar y territorios productivos. Las particularidades de cada asentamiento traducen en áreas más desarrolladas, y otras menos desarrolladas, ese análisis refleja en la diversidad regional, que sean en los aspectos socioeconómicos y físicos geográficos. En esta discusión, el presente estudio busca analizar la reforma agraria y la formación de los asentamientos rurales en el municipio de Francisco Sá-MG. El procedimiento metodológico se basó en estudios bibliográficos para fundamentación de la parte teórica, investigación directa a través de trabajo de campo y entrevista. Por lo tanto, los asentamientos rurales en el municipio de Francisco Sá se constituyen en territorios, compuesto por diferentes modalidades de acceso a tierra y reproducción social diversa. Palabras clave: Territorio. Reforma agraria. Asentamientos Rurales.

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8

D.BALAMUNISWAMY, D. BALAMUNISWAMY, and G. ERRAIAH G.ERRAIAH. "Role of Regional Rural Banks Finance to Weaker Sections of the Rural Society in India." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 1 (January 15, 2012): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/jan2014/70.

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9

Davida Pizzigoni, Francesca. "The «Bollettino delle bibliotechine rurali» of zia Mariú a children’s magazine called to build society through books ." RIHC. Revista Internacional de Historia de la Comunicación, no. 17 (2021): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/rich.2021.i17.05.

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In the Italy of the early twentieth century, the initiative created by zia Mariù (Paola Lombroso) and promoted through its organ of dissemination «Bollettino delle bibliotechine rurali» manages to provide over 1000 rural schools with a small school library. This action, carried out through the active commitment of other children, on one hand has the power to affect the society, on the other hand initiating an action of great "active citizenship" by children and, finally, interrupting the condition of extreme poverty and marginality in which rural schools lived in. The article aims to present the initiative through the writings of zia Mariù herself and in particular through the pages of the «Bollettino delle bibliotechine rurali», identifying the role of this communication instrument compared to the success of the project.

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10

Kischener, Manoel Adir, Miguel Angelo Perondi, Marcelino Armindo Monteiro, Everton Marcos Batistela, Rosenilde Terezinha Borges, and Rosimara Kischener. "A contribuição de polanyi na compreensão do processo de mercantilização da sociedade rural." RDE - Revista de Desenvolvimento Econômico 1, no. 39 (April 2015): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v17i31.3728.

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Sabe-se que o mercado se faz presente em todas as instâncias da vida, entretanto, as relações pautadas especialmente pela reciprocidade ainda permanecem no mundo rural e tornam seu processo de mercantilização diferente do urbano. Este artigo, portanto, re

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11

Čamo, Merima. "Edukacijske silnice ruralnog načina života u savremenom (urbanom) društvu." Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education 14, no. 2 2014 (2014): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2014.14.2.69.

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The purpose of this article is to point out the original tendencies of a rural community to be maintained within different historical, social and physical conditions. Notwithstanding inevitable change of a village under the influence of social dynamics whose effects initially were observed in the city, this albeit oldest form of social-physical organization had preserved some specific structural and interactional characteristics that again restore its existence. Such rural activity with a prefix ''traditional'' is a firstly observed through anthrop-causal relation between rural and urban area that simultaneously characterize interdependence and contradiction. Although such character is temporal given that one itself can be successfully analyzed only within certain timeframe and certain social-economic conditions, following text presents basic differences, advantages, possibilities as well as contradictions that created and established these two social developments that shall finally give a broader frame of rural-urban complex. The accent is on analysis of causes and consequences of urban crisis and opportunities of rural, which (together with multi-millenium experience of urban) can be adequate social cure, phenomenon of panacea for anomic tissue of contemporary urban community.

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12

Moravčíková, D., M. Hanová, and K. Klimentová. "Rural households in the stratification system of the Slovak society." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 8 (January 7, 2008): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/901-agricecon.

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This report deals with the problems of the status of rural households in the stratification system of the post-socialist Slovak society. The authors take as the basis the concept of associated classification and knowledge about the trends in the development of the social structure of Slovak society in the transformation period. The processing of empirical data from the survey research of rural households in three districts served as an example to compare the classification of households within the economic and socio-cultural lines by the means of the selected indicators. The analysis refers to the inconsistency of the stratification of rural households according to the economic and income statuses as well as education, population and socioeconomic qualities which are significantly conditioned by the regional position and situation. The representative types of rural households for the individual social strata are characterized in the conclusions. They are characterized with regard to the used criteria.

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13

P. Jaisridhar, P. Jaisridhar, M. Sankar M. Sankar, P. Velusamy P. Velusamy, V. Prakash V. Prakash, and R. Ravi Kumar R. Ravi Kumar. "Understanding The Characteristics and Functions of Rural Society by Brainstorming." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 11 (October 1, 2011): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/nov2013/5.

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14

Rennie, Frank. "Rural e-Society." Scottish Affairs 53 (First Serie, no. 1 (November 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2005.0053.

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15

Kučerová, E. "20th Biennial Conference of the European Society for Rural Sociology." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 4 (February 24, 2012): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5187-agricecon.

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16

Ruoting, Zheng. "The ‘4Project’, Suning County, Hebei: Enabling Rural People to Come Together and Re-Organize." China Nonprofit Review 5, no. 2 (February 7, 2014): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765149-12341264.

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Abstract Faced with the countless problems of rural society, in 2008 Suning County began to ponder and explore ways to solve these rural problems right at the root. Suning spent time and effort putting thought into the practicalities of working in the countryside, and combined this with the frame of reference gleaned through useful experiences of solving the ‘Three Rurals’ (the state’s term for three major issues troubling rural China). On this basis, Suning County devised the 4Project – a four-fold approach – to bring rural people back together, encouraging them once again to organize. Through development of grassroots Party organizations, grassroots democracy organizations, comprehensive stability maintenance organizations, and economic cooperatives, the local people, who had been scattered and lacking unity, were brought into these organizations.

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17

Summers, Gene F. "Minorities in Rural Society." Rural Sociology 56, no. 2 (February 3, 2010): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1991.tb00430.x.

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18

Han, Yangdi, and Jin Huang. "Evolution of social welfare in rural China: A developmental approach." International Social Work 62, no. 1 (September 13, 2017): 390–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817731140.

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While rural residents still comprise nearly 60 percent of the total population in China, little is known about the evolution of rural welfare. This article explores welfare services in rural China using a broad definition of social welfare: efforts by the entire country and society to promote personal or societal well-being. Diverse approaches have been implemented to provide social services for rural residents with complicated dynamics among different providers, which follows a path different from that in the West. Findings of this study have important policy and research implications for understanding and further developing social welfare services in rural China.

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19

Chatterjee, Abhi, Alan Brent, Ramesh Rayudu, and Piyush Verma. "Microgrids for rural schools: An energy-education accord to curb societal challenges for sustainable rural developments." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 8, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.8.3.231-241.

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Quality education and schools have a key role to play in the sustainable development of society. Unfortunately, many remote communities in developing countries fail to enjoy access to quality education due to a lack of electricity, thereby interrupting regular school services in the villages. The main objective of the paper contributes to understanding the importance of the energy-education accord, and aims to curb the social challenges prevailing in the villages. Specifically, the paper suggests a technical intervention by designing a hybrid renewable energy system for such schools. The approach is demonstrated through a case study with a load demand of approximately 4 kWh/d, comprising a class size of 40 students. A techno-economic evaluation of the energy system reveals the levelized cost of energy of the system at USD 0.22 per kWh, which may be affordable considering number of other aspects, outlined in this paper, to enable a larger uptake of such systems in developing countries. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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20

Peterson, Glen. "The Struggle for Literacy in Post-Revolutionary Rural Guangdong." China Quarterly 140 (December 1994): 926–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100005284x.

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In a recent article, Paul Cohen described the “academic Great Wall” that separates the study of pre-1949 and post-1949 China, suggesting a need for greater efforts to break through the “1949 barrier.” In addition to lack of historical perspective, Western scholarship on the PRC has tended toward a statist approach that overestimates the state's autonomy from social forces – as Jean Oi has recently put it, “almost to the point of denying the ‘autonomy’ of society.” As the work of Cohen, Oi and others makes clear, recent years have witnessed an increasing effort to “bring history back in” to the study of post-1949 China, as well as to “bring society back in, or at least the state-society relationship.” This article is intended to contribute to that effort, by bringing historical and societal perspectives to bear on a subject that has so far nearly eluded Western scholarship: state efforts to spread literacy in the Chinese countryside after 1949.

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Cavinatto, Joélen Assmann, Jaqueline Patrícia Silveira, and Fabiana Thomé da Cruz. "CONDIÇÃO SOCIAL E RECONHECIMENTO DO TRABALHO DAS MULHERES NO MEIO RURAL: O CASO DA PRODUÇÃO DE QUEIJO COLONIAL NO NOROESTE DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL (SABORES Y PRÁCTICAS CULINARIAS DE LAS COCINERAS NEGRAS DEL SERIDÓ (RN – BRASIL))." Revista GeoNordeste, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33360/rgn.2318-2695.2019.i2especial.p.41-58.

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RESUMO:Neste artigo nos propomos a contextualizar e refletir sobre a realidade das mulheres trabalhadoras de modo geral e, em especial, as do meio rural, discutindo aspectos como dependência financeira e reconhecimento pessoal mediante a família e a sociedade. Além de revisão de literatura, a pesquisa discute dados oriundos de estudo realizado por meio de visitas em propriedades rurais na região Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul e de entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres rurais produtoras de queijo colonial. Os resultados apontam que, via de regra, as mulheres entrevistadas são vistas como coadjuvantes perante seus maridos e demais homens integrantes da esfera familiar e até mesmo social, mostrando que apesar de muitos progressos alcançados, ainda há um extenso caminho a ser percorrido até que a igualdade de gênero seja alcançada, de fato, em todas as esferas. Palavras-chave: Mulheres rurais, gênero, trabalho, meio rural. ABSTRACT:This paper aims to contextualize and to analyze the reality of working women especially in rural areas, discussing issues as financial dependence and personal recognition from the family and society. The research is based on a literature review and on a study carried out in rural properties by visiting and conducting interviews to rural women with rural producing colonial cheese. The results demonstrated that, in a general way, the interviewed women has been seen as a supporting to their husbands and other family male members, demonstrating that despite all the progress already achieved, there is still a long way to reach gender equality in all social contexts.Keywords: Rural women, gender, work, rural areas.

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Habibullah, Md, and Md Asfaq Salehin. "Decaying Rural Power Structure in Bangladesh: An Observation on the Political Institutions of Sherpur Upazila." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v9i1.640.

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It is pretty foolish not to expect any changes in society. In dynamic, all the dimensions of society undergo substantial changes over time. The determiner of these changes is plentiful from the time itself to every sing aspect of human behavior along with the societal, political, economic, and natural components that influence the change. Through this inevitable process, the rural power structure, which was traditional and tribal, has gone through many transitional periods and has now started to take a new shape. By using a qualitative technique and studying an Upazila in Bangladesh, this study can suggest that the rural power structure, which is predominantly autonomic, has lost its self-reliance due to financial dependence on the central government. In addition, the growth of partisan politics in rural societies has created a situation in which it is nearly impossible to differentiate between local and national policies. This is a consequence of the problem created by the rise of partisan politics because partisan politics in rural societies have intensified since their inception. Clientelist politics has taken a firm shape in every allocation of values in an agrarian society. Political and judicial institutions like the Shalish and Gram Samaj have almost disappeared or transformed upside-down. Growing disbelief of the residents, dysfunctional institutions, and politically backed rural leaders have failed to win the faith of the majority of the society, clearly indicating a decaying rustic power structure.

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Araújo Ferreira dos Santos, Iolanda, and Janaina Betto. "MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS RURAIS E FEMINISMOS: percursos e diálogos na construção do feminismo camponês e popular." Caderno CRH 34 (June 25, 2021): 021007. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v34i0.42344.

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<p>Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre alternativas políticas que mulheres camponesas vêm construindo em sua atuação em movimentos sociais rurais no Brasil (no Movimento de Mulheres Camponesas e no Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra). A partir de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental, entrevistas e participação em eventos, buscamos compreender como as dirigentes camponesas, organizadas politicamente, têm procurado alternativas às desigualdades nas relações de gênero no meio rural e pensado<br />a construção do feminismo tendo em vista suas vivências no campo. Entendemos que suas reivindicações levam a uma política própria, criada por mulheres para toda a sociedade, da qual emerge esse feminismo ainda em elaboração, mas que já afirma a busca por novas relações de gênero, de produção e com a natureza, a partir das práticas cotidianas do “modo de vida” das mulheres camponesas. Mesmo diante do avanço do neoconservadorismo no Brasil, essas mulheres estão construindo o feminismo camponês e popular como<br />movimento de autonomia e esperança.</p><p><strong>RURAL SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND FEMINISM: paths and dialogues in the construction of popular peasant feminism</strong><br /><br />This article discusses political alternatives proposed by peasant women during rural social movements in Brazil, such as the Landless Workers Movement (MST) and the Peasant Women Movement (MMC). From bibliographic review,<br />document analysis, interviews, and participation in events, we sought to understand how politically organized peasant women leaders have articulated<br />alternatives to gender inequalities in rural areas and constructed feminism from their experiences in the country field. We perceive that their claims lead to a particular policy, created by women, but aimed for the overall society. From such policy emerges this feminism that, although under construction, already states the search for new gender, production, and nature relations, based on the daily practices of the peasant women. Despite the advance of neoconservatism in Brazil, these women have been building the popular peasant feminism as a movement of autonomy and hope.</p><p>Keywords: Peasant Feminism. Gender. Peasantry. Rural Women. Hope.</p><p><strong>DES MOUVEMENTS SOCIAUX RURAUX ET DES FÉMINISMES: parcours et dialogues dans la construction du féminisme paysan et populaire</strong><br /><br />Cet article refléchit sur des alternatives politiques dont des femmes paysannes sont en train de construire le long des mouvements sociaux ruraux au Brésil(Mouvement des Travailleurs Ruraux Sans-Terre – MST et dans le Mouvement des Femmes Paysannes – MMC).De la revue bibliographique, de l’analyse des documents, de l’ouverture et de la participation à des événements, nous avons cherché à comprendre comment les femmes leaders paysannes politiquement organisées réfléchissent elles-mêmes aux alternatives aux inégalités dans les relations de genre en milieu rural et à la construction du féminisme depuis leurs expériences dans le pays champ. On comprend que leurs<br />revendications ménent à une politique propre, édifié par des femmes pour toute la societé, d’où émerge ce féminisme encore en construction, mais que affirme<br />déjà la recherche de: nouvelles rélations de genre, nouvelles rélations de production et avec la nature, depuis les pratiques quotidiennes du mode de vie<br />des femmes paysannes. Même devant le progrès du néoconservatisme au Brésil, ces femmes sont en train de construire leféminismepaysan et populaireen tant<br />quemouvement d’autonomie et espoir.</p><p>Motsclés: Féminisme Paysan. Genre. Paysannerie. Femmes Rurales. Espoir.</p>

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Ravazzoli, Elisa, Cristina Dalla Torre, Riccardo Da Re, Valentino Marini Govigli, Laura Secco, Elena Górriz-Mifsud, Elena Pisani, et al. "Can Social Innovation Make a Change in European and Mediterranean Marginalized Areas? Social Innovation Impact Assessment in Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, and Rural Development." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041823.

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Social innovation (SI) impacts are long-term changes that affect different dimensions of territorial capital (i.e., economy, society, environment, governance) for the territory in which SI occurs. Yet, systematic empirical evidence and theoretically sound assessments of the impacts of SI are scarce. This paper aims to fill the gap and assess the different aspects of SI’s impacts in European and Mediterranean areas that are characterized by marginalization processes. To assess the impacts of SI in marginalized areas, we use the evaluation framework developed within the Social Innovation in Marginalized Rural Areas (SIMRA) Horizon 2020 project and apply it to nine SI initiatives related to the fields of agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and rural development. Our findings show that SI produces cross-sectoral (societal, economic, environmental, and governmental) and multi-level impacts (on individuals, community, and society), which have improved the societal well-being, and contributed to the reduction of certain forms of marginality, mainly inside the territory in which SI occurred.

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25

Patterson, Amy S. "A reappraisal of democracy in civil society: evidence from rural Senegal." Journal of Modern African Studies 36, no. 3 (September 1998): 423–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x98002754.

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Civil society is the space of uncoerced human association and relational networks formed for the sake of family, faith, interests and ideology. Supporters of civil society have argued that this conglomeration of networks and organisations has helped to fuel democratic aspirations and channel democratic demands in Africa. Proponents maintain that civil society serves as a counter to the actions of the predatory African state, which seeks to limit individual freedoms and to encroach on societal resources. By questioning the actions of state officials and by challenging state policies, civil society organisations can cause the state to be more accountable and transparent, and can facilitate a positive deconcentration of political power. A plural, vibrant civil society encourages political liberalisation and the development of a democratic and legitimate state. It is because the organisations of civil society promote democratic values among their members that they are able to challenge repressive state actions and facilitate democratic development. Since their members trust each other and feel that they have a say in group activities, democratic organisations are more unified and effective at achieving their political objectives.This article challenges these assumptions about civil society through an examination of rural Senegalese organisations. I argue that groups in civil society rarely teach their members democratic values because most associations do not practice legitimate, inclusive and accountable decision making. More often than not, social hierarchies and power relations that define how individuals of different genders and classes are to interact in the public realm limit democracy. As a result, civil society groups often become ineffective and disorganised, and cannot achieve their political, economic or social goals. The inefficiency and undemocratic nature of civil society have larger implications for democratic transitions in Africa.

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26

OKABE, MAMORU. "Rural Replanning from the View of Rural Life Style (Rural Society)." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 16, no. 2 (1997): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.16.154.

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27

Heitzman, James, and Kathleen Gough. "Rural Society in Southeast India." American Historical Review 92, no. 3 (June 1987): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1870036.

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28

Petrikov, A. "Rural Society and Agrarian Reform." Problems of Economic Transition 37, no. 6 (October 1, 1994): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991370619.

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29

Riley, G. Michael, and Cheryl English Martin. "Rural Society in Colonial Morelos." American Historical Review 92, no. 2 (April 1987): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1866812.

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30

Gur'ianova, M. R. "Society and the Rural Family." Russian Social Science Review 37, no. 3 (May 1996): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rss1061-1428370366.

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31

Gur'ianova, M. P. "Rural Young People and Society." Russian Education & Society 54, no. 8 (August 2012): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393540801.

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Gur'ianova, M. P. "Rural Young People and Society." Russian Education & Society 55, no. 1 (January 2013): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393550104.

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33

Cuello, Jose, and Cheryl English Martin. "Rural Society in Colonial Morelos." Hispanic American Historical Review 66, no. 2 (May 1986): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515145.

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34

Yruela, Manuel Pérez. "Spanish rural society in transition." Sociologia Ruralis 35, no. 3-4 (December 1995): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1995.tb00839.x.

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35

Heather, Elizabeth K. "European Society for Rural Sociology." Rural Society 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10371656.1995.11005143.

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36

KRITZINGER, ANDRIENETTA. "Rural Youth and Risk Society." Youth & Society 33, no. 4 (June 2002): 545–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x02033004003.

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37

Cuello, José. "Rural Society in Colonial Morelos." Hispanic American Historical Review 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 374–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-66.2.374.

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38

Gur'ianova, M. R. "Society and the Rural Family." Russian Education & Society 38, no. 3 (March 1996): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393380354.

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39

Gilg, Andrew. "The rural state? Limits to planning in rural society." Land Use Policy 8, no. 3 (July 1991): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(91)90040-p.

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40

Ufkes, Frances M. "The rural state? Limits to planning in rural society." Political Geography 11, no. 2 (March 1992): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0962-6298(92)90052-u.

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41

Heron, Richard Le. "The rural state? Limits to planning in rural society." Journal of Rural Studies 7, no. 1-2 (January 1991): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(91)90051-s.

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ur Rehman, Anis. "Innovation and Management by Regional Rural Banks in Achieving the Dream of Financial Inclusion in India: Challenges and Prospects." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 1 (2020): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.1-18.

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The Regional Rural Banks are government-owned, regionally based and rurally oriented financial institutions specialized in catering to the credit needs of the neglected and weaker sections of the society. In the recent past, RRBs have become a potent mediator for financial inclusion in rural areas. This paper summarizes the innovative methods used by the employees of these banks in deposit mobilizations, credit expansion and recovery of the loan. The primary purpose of the research is to find the problems faced by officials of these banks in marketing their services to the rural customer. The opinions of these bank officials regarding the above factors and the functioning of these banks and their impact on society have also been studied. For this purpose, a sample of 96 bank officials of Aryavart bank and Purvanchal Bank have been taken from the rural areas of Uttar Pradesh. Methodological tools of the research methods were Frequency and Chi-square test of independence which have been used to test the hypotheses developed in the study. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the employees and staff of these two regional rural banks in the state are making their earnest effort to channelize the savings of rural people by mobilization of deposits by motivating them to deposit their surplus money in the regional rural banks. The bank officials are making efforts to extend credit facilities in rural areas to uplift the people economically. The bank officials are facing problems in deposit mobilization, and credit expansion in the rural areas of the state and they are managing these problems very efficiently. Some political interference was found in the functioning of these banks. In the opinion of these bank officials, the overall working of these regional rural banks is proper. The results of the research can be useful for policymakers in the government to understand the hurdles faced by regional rural banks in reaching to the poor and needy sections of the society. The insights from this paper can help the policymakers to craft innovative schemes which enable these banks to reach the most inaccessible customers in rural areas. Keywords Regional Rural Banks, deposit mobilizations, credit expansion, financial inclusion, loan recovery.

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Bokemeier, Janet L. "Rediscovering Families and Households: Restructuring Rural Society and Rural Sociology1." Rural Sociology 62, no. 1 (January 27, 2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1997.tb00642.x.

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Zhao, Yongqi, Yinsheng Tian, and Wei Tao. "Western Rural Research Between 1994 and 2014: From Rural Landscape to Rural Society." Urban Planning International 32, no. 1 (2017): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22217/upi.2016.060.

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45

Stephenson, Jill. "Bombing and Rural Society in Württemberg." Labour History Review 77, no. 1 (April 2012): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/lhr.2012.07.

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46

Dirven, Martine. "Rural society: Its integration and disintegration." CEPAL Review 1993, no. 51 (December 31, 1993): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/4f643193-en.

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47

Velikii, P. P., and M. Iu Morekhina. "The Adaptive Potential of Rural Society." Sociological Research 45, no. 6 (December 2006): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154450603.

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48

Fadeeva, Olga. "Rural Entrepreneurs in the Local Society." Journal of Economic Sociology 4, no. 2 (2003): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1726-3247-2003-2-73-87.

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49

YOSHIDA, Saeko. "Rural Living Environment in Aging Society." JOURNAL OF RURAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION 12, no. 4 (1994): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2750/arp.12.4_3.

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50

El Hamel, Chouki. "Tribe and Society in Rural Morocco." History: Reviews of New Books 30, no. 3 (January 2002): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2002.10526157.

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