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Bağırlar, Belgin. "Racism in the 21st Century: Debbie Tucker Green’s Eye for Ear." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 3, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v3i3.483.
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Does equality exist in the 21st century, or, are minorities still forced to fight for equality? In nineteenth century, Britain, racism was blatant in all spheres of cultural, social, and economic life to the point that it crossed over into literature and theatre. In 1978, UNESCO adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Forty years have since passed, but has it made any difference? Contemporary British playwright Debbie Tucker Green’s Eye for Ear (2018), staged at the Royal Court Theatre, reminds us that racism and inequality is still a key social-political issue. This three-act, avant-garde, colloquial play depicts how both African-Americans as well as Black British people still live with racism today. It also highlights racism’s linguistic and legal past. Tucker Green particularly focuses on the violent aspect of that racism through the lens of different characters: an academic, a black student, a black boy, and black parents. The play concludes with crushed hope, for it deduces that Caucasians both in the United States and in Great Britain still dominate practically every facet of society. This study will examine Green’s Ear for Eye, racial discrimination in the 21st century, and how Tucker Green projects her views upon her work through the theory of race and racism.
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Blyth, Eric, Mansoor A. F. Kazi, and Judith Milner. "Education Reform and Education Social Work in Great Britain." Children & Schools 16, no. 2 (April 1994): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cs/16.2.129.
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Sinclair, Ian. "Social Work and Personal Social Services for the Elderly in Great Britain." Journal of Gerontological Social Work 12, no. 1-2 (July 5, 1988): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j083v12n01_05.
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Marlow, Christine. "Occupational Social Work and Employee Assistance Programs in Great Britain." Employee Assistance Quarterly 7, no. 1 (December 16, 1991): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j022v07n01_03.
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Baguma, Peter, and Adrian Furnham. "The Protestant Work Ethic in Great Britain and Uganda." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 24, no. 4 (December 1993): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022193244007.
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Sousounis, Panos, and Gauthier Lanot. "Social networks and unemployment exit in Great Britain." International Journal of Social Economics 45, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 1205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2017-0137.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect employed friends have on the probability of exiting unemployment of an unemployed worker according to his/her educational (skill) level. Design/methodology/approach In common with studies on unemployment duration, this paper uses a discrete-time hazard model. Findings The paper finds that the conditional probability of finding work is between 24 and 34 per cent higher per period for each additional employed friend for job seekers with intermediate skills. Social implications These results are of interest since they suggest that the reach of national employment agencies could extend beyond individuals in direct contact with first-line employment support bureaus. Originality/value Because of the lack of appropriate longitudinal information, the majority of empirical studies in the area assess the influence of social networks on employment status using proxy measures of social interactions. The current study contributes to the very limited empirical literature of the influence of social networks on job attainment using direct measures of social structures.
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Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Gbolahan Gbadamosi, and Ellis L. C. Osabutey. "Work-family balance." Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-01-2016-0010.
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Purpose Given the reality that working mothers experience difficulties in achieving work-family balance because of the social restrictions that arise from parenting combined with career goals, this paper aims to explore the various coping strategies that are used by working mothers in the cities of London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 72 mothers who worked in banks in London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Thematic analysis and investigator triangulation are used. Findings The findings reveal various coping strategies used by working mothers in the cities of Lagos and London. The paper also unearths the efficiency and the shortcomings of the use of au pairs among British working mothers and the similarities and disparities in terms of such use compared to the traditional use of housekeepers in Nigeria. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing work–family balance literature by exploring the coping strategies of working mothers because of sociocultural and institutional differences in Great Britain and Nigeria.
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Lytovchenko, O. "Social Work in Disasters as an Aspect in Social Work (using the example of Great Britain)." Pedagogical sciences reality and perspectives, no. 97 (2024): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series5.2024.97.18.
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Tilly, Charles. "Contentious Repertoires in Great Britain, 1758–1834." Social Science History 17, no. 2 (1993): 253–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200016849.
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A quick comparison of characteristic British struggles in 1758 and 1833 will show how greatly the predominant forms of popular collective action changed during the intervening 75 years. That change sets a research problem that I have been pursuing for many years: documenting, and trying to explain, changes in the ways that people act together in pursuit of shared interests—changes in repertoires of collective action. This interim report has two complementary objectives: first, to situate the evolving concept of repertoire in my own work and in recent studies of collective action; second, to illustrate its applications to the experience of Great Britain from the 1750s to the 1830s. It will do no more than hint, however, at explanations of the changes it documents.
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Bagley, Christopher Adam, and Nader Al-Refai. "Multicultural integration in British and Dutch societies: education and citizenship." Journal for Multicultural Education 11, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-12-2015-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize published studies and practice in the “integration” of ethnic and religious minorities in Britain and The Netherlands, 1965-2015, drawing out implications for current policy and practice. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an evaluative review and report of results of work on citizenship education for young Muslims and their peers in English schools. Findings Young Muslims have positive attitudes to “good citizenship”, as Islamic socialization makes them particularly responsive to citizenship messages. But there is hard-core racial prejudice and Islamophobia in about 25 per cent of adults. In The Netherlands, this xenophobia has supported far-right politicians who are strongly anti-Muslim. This paper cites evidence that continued prejudice may lead to alienation and radicalization of some minorities. Research limitations/implications Unchecked prejudice concerning minorities can have negative implications for both majority and minority groups – this broad hypothesis deserves further research in both Dutch and British societies. Practical implications In Britain, success in Muslim schools in fostering positive citizenship implies that Muslim groups can maintain “quiet dignity” in following Islamic pathways to good citizenship. Social implications State support for religious-foundation schools should be offered to all religious groups and should not be withheld from Muslim minorities for “security” reasons. Originality/value This overview by two Muslim educators offers new insights and proposals in the acceptance of Muslim minorities in Europe.
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Novikova, Viktoriya, and Svetlana Ispulova. "Professional Training of Specialists in Social Work: Traditions and Innovations." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2007-07.
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The article deals with the system of professional training of social sphere specialists. The authors identified the specifics of training personnel in social service institutions in Russia, France, Great Britain, the United States, and Japan. The results of the conducted empirical research, as well as recommendations for improving the professional training of social professionals, are of interest.
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Fieldhouse, E. A., and M. I. Gould. "Ethnic Minority Unemployment and Local Labour Market Conditions in Great Britain." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 5 (May 1998): 833–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a300833.
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British ethnic minority unemployment rates are considerably higher than those of the white population. In 1991 the ethnic minority unemployment rate was more than double that of the white majority. One possible explanation is that Britain's ethnic minorities are concentrated in areas of economic disadvantage. The authors use the 2% Individual Sample of Anonymised Records (SAR) in conjunction with area-based census data for pseudo travel-to-work areas, to explore the relative importance of individual characteristics and area characteristics on ethnic minority unemployment rates. Multilevel modelling techniques are employed to estimate simultaneously variations between individuals and between areas after allowing for variables measured at both levels of analysis. The most important differences in the propensity to unemployment are shown to be between individuals, and, compared with whites, ethnic minority groups are shown to be disadvantaged wherever they live. In general, there is also evidence of greater variation in ethnic minority unemployment between areas than there is for whites. However, there is the same underlying geography of unemployment for the black and white populations, but a slightly different pattern for Asian ethnic groups. These differences can be explained only partially by area-level characteristics. In all, it is argued that at the spatial scale which is identifiable in the Individual SAR, ethnic minority unemployment cannot be attributed to geographical distribution, though data at a finer geographical scale are needed to test this hypothesis more fully.
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Zriba, Hassen. "Social Cohesion and Cultural Diversity in Contemporary Britain: Impossible Mission!" American International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijhass.v1i2.92.
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In contemporary multicultural Britain, the concept of social cohesion has been a pressing priority for not only politicians and sociologists but also for the various British ethnic minorities. Race riots like those of 2001 in Northern Britain and the events of 7/7 in London (2005) put into question the allegiances of different British ethnic populations. They equally shed light on the real or perceived lack of social and cultural communication between the established British host population and the British ethnic and immigrant communities. Hence, social cohesion came to the fore as the new jargon of governance in contemporary Britain.This article analyzes on the concept of social cohesion and its applicability within an officially declared multicultural community like that of Great Britain. The concept will be reviewed, defined and approached from different liberal political perspectives (Robert Dahl’s pluralist approach and Arend Lijphart’s consociationalism to the more recent Will Kymlicka’s group-differentiated citizenship) while paying special attention to the British context. Bhikhu Parekh’s conception of the different theoretical approaches to the issue of social cohesion that are pertinent to liberal capitalist societies in general and the British context, in particular, is investigated. The aim of this study is to highlight the complexity of the normative accounts of the political scientists regarding the challenges that face multicultural Britain in coming to terms with its endeavour of creating “unity within diversity”. The 2002 White Paper and security speech of David Cameron (2011) political discourses are analyzed and evaluated to decipher how they understood national identity in relation to cultural diversity and social cohesion.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3376484
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Nurse, Lyudmila Koklyagina. "Patterns of transition into work in Russia and Great Britain." YOUNG 6, no. 1 (February 1998): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/110330889800600102.
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Bradshaw, Lisa, Jade Sumner, Julian Delic, Paul Henneberger, and David Fishwick. "Work aggravated asthma in Great Britain: a cross-sectional postal survey." Primary Health Care Research & Development 19, no. 6 (April 12, 2018): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463423618000063.
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ObjectiveWork aggravated asthma (WAA), asthma made worse by but not caused by workplace exposures, can have a negative impact on personal, social, financial and societal costs. There is limited data on prevalence levels of WAA in Great Britain (GB). The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of WAA in GB, and to assess its potential causes.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional postal questionnaire study was carried out. A total of 1620 questionnaires were sent to three populations of adults with asthma. The questionnaire recorded; demographic details, current job, self-reported health status, presence of asthma and respiratory symptoms, duration and severity of symptoms and medication requirements. Questions relating to work environment and employers’ actions were included, and each participant completed an assessment of health-related quality of life using the EuroQol Research Foundation EQ-5D.ResultsThere were 207 completed questionnaires; response rates were 6% primary care, 45% secondary care and 71% Asthma UK. This represented a 13% overall response rate. Self-reported prevalence of WAA was 33% (95% CI 24.4–41.6%). In all, 19% of workers had changed their job because of breathing problems. Workers with WAA reported higher levels of work-related stress. Quality of life using the EQ-5D utility index was lower in those with WAA.ConclusionWAA is a common problem in asthmatics in GB. This result is in keeping with international prevalence rates. Further research could assist the understanding of the most significant aggravants to asthma at work and help define appropriate interventions by workplaces.
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Balina, T. A., A. A. Balina, S. E. Gasumova, and T. D. Popkova. "FEATURES OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN AND CHINA." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 30, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2020-30-2-231-243.
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The state youth policy requires deep study and justification by representatives of social sciences, including sociology and socio-economic geography, which allows us to synthesize various methods of studying society and its well-being. Social geography, having a spatial approach, allows us to determine the territorial features of the course of social phenomena, to identify cause-and-effect relationships between them, to study the general and specific features of the development of territorial communities and population strata. Using the example of Great Britain, China and Russia, the current social problems of young people in countries with different types of socio-economic development are revealed through a comparative analysis of socio-demographic processes. In the context of concepts of well-being, the article considers various aspects of social dependency as a new and little-studied phenomenon. It is revealed that the UK, which implements the liberal principle of public welfare policy, has extensive experience in social work with young people, and the pioneering research of NEET-youth is of international significance. In China social dependency has acquired specific forms, which is largely determined by the principle of egalitarianism, the consequences of demographic policy and traditional mentality. The analysis of modern problems of Russian youth has shown that the rejection of the paternalistic model of social protection of the population had a negative impact on the situation of young people. The article analyzes the results of statistical, sociological research, expert evaluation, included interviews, etc., which revealed the social problems of Russian, British and Chinese youth, including the phenomenon of dependency. It was revealed that the study of dependency in the framework of youth policy and social work will help to activate the younger generation, accelerate its inclusion in society, and improve technologies for solving social problems.
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Schoon, Ingrid, and Elzbieta Polek. "Pathways to Economic Well-Being Among Teenage Mothers in Great Britain." European Psychologist 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000028.
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The present study examines pathways to independence from social welfare among 738 teenage mothers, participants of the 1970 British Cohort Study, who were followed up at age 30 years. Using a longitudinal design, a pathway model is tested, examining linkages between family social background, cognitive ability, school motivation, and individual investments in education, as well as work- and family-related roles. The most important factors associated with financial independence by age 30 are continued attachment to the labor market as well as a stable relationship with a partner (not necessarily the father of the child). Pathways to financial independence, in turn, are predicted through own cognitive resources, school motivation, and family cohesion. Implications of findings for policy making are discussed.
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Greif, Geoffrey L., and Rebecca L. Hegar. "International Parental Abduction and Its Implications for Social Work Practice: Great Britain to the United States." Children & Society 7, no. 3 (December 18, 2007): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.1993.tb00405.x.
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Fieldhouse, Edward, and David Cutts. "Does Diversity Damage Social Capital? A Comparative Study of Neighbourhood Diversity and Social Capital in the US and Britain." Canadian Journal of Political Science 43, no. 2 (May 28, 2010): 289–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423910000065.
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Abstract. A number of scholars have noted a negative relationship between ethnic diversity and social capital or social trust, especially in the US. Evidence from other countries has been more mixed and sometimes contradictory. In this paper we provide the first Anglo-American comparative analysis of the relationship between neighbourhood diversity and social capital, and show how this relationship varies across ethnic categories. We apply multilevel structural equation models to individual level data from the 2000 Citizen Benchmark Survey for the US and the 2005 Citizenship Survey for Great Britain. The findings suggest that while for attitudinal social capital among Whites the negative underlying relationship with diversity is apparent in both countries, the effect is much weaker or reversed for minority groups. For structural social capital the negative relationship is apparent for minorities but not Whites, but this is mainly attributable to other neighbourhood characteristics.Résumé. Un certain nombre d'universitaires ont noté une relation négative entre la diversité ethnique et le capital social ou la confiance sociale, surtout aux États-Unis. D'autres pays, par contre, offrent des constats plus mitigés et parfois contradictoires. Dans cet article, nous présentons la première analyse comparative anglo-américaine de la relation entre la diversité du voisinage et le capital social et nous démontrons comment cette relation varie selon les catégories ethniques. Nous appliquons des modélisations par équation structurelle à multiniveaux à des données de niveau individuel provenant du Citizen Benchmark Survey de 2000 pour les États-Unis et du Citizenship Survey de 2005 pour la Grande-Bretagne. Les résultats démontrent que si, pour le capital social attitudinal, la relation fondamentale négative avec la diversité est évidente parmi les Blancs dans les deux pays, l'effet est cependant beaucoup plus faible ou renversé pour les groupes minoritaires. En ce qui concerne le capital social structurel, la relation négative est évidente pour les minorités, mais pas pour les Blancs, mais cette situation est principalement attribuable à d'autres caractéristiques du voisinage.
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FELSTEAD, ALAN. "Closing the age gap? Age, skills and the experience of work in Great Britain." Ageing and Society 30, no. 8 (September 29, 2010): 1293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10000681.
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ABSTRACTPopulations across Europe are ageing as death rates among the old and fertility rates among the young fall. This produces a number of long-term challenges for national governments – most notably, coping with the increased demand for social services, pensions and benefits that must be funded by a declining proportion of working adults. One policy response has been to extend people's working lives, but we know relatively little about the skills and employment experiences of older workers and how these compare with younger workers. This paper sheds new light on this issue by examining whether older workers do less well than their younger counterparts in terms of the skills of the jobs they hold, the quality of their working lives, their commitment to their current employer and to employment in general, and their attitudes towards and experiences of training. The paper also assesses whether these age gaps have closed over time. The empirical evidence for the paper is from five separate but comparable surveys carried out in 1986, 1992, 1997, 2001 and 2006. Taken together, the five surveys provide information on the employment experiences of over 22,000 workers in Great Britain. This allows us to chart whether we are witnessing the disappearance of at least some of the age divisions in the labour market.
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Zmysłowska, Magdalena. "Suicide of the elderly as a challenge for social work." Praca Socjalna 38, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.2491.
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The article deals with the issue of suicides of the elderly, and the aim of the analysis has been reduced to two questions: what are the risk factors for suicides of the elderly? and what are the possibilities for preventing the suicidal behavior of seniors? The desk research method was used and 40 articles from countries such as South Korea, China, Taiwan, the United States, Canada, Ghana, New Zealand, Iran, Israel, Romania, Greece, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, Poland, and Spain were analyzed. Research indicates that the most common risk factors are mental disorders (mainly depression), physical diseases that reduce the quality of life, and social factors (loss of loved ones and disappearing ties with family). The possibilities of prevention come down primarily to treating mental disorders and physical diseases and creating national, comprehensive strategies for preventing suicide in seniors. The article also contains tips for social workers working with older people.
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Mayblin, Lucy. "Asylum, welfare and work: reflections on research in asylum and refugee studies." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, no. 5/6 (June 3, 2014): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-11-2013-0113.
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Purpose – Over the past 30 years asylum has become an issue of great political significance, public interest and media coverage in most “Western” countries. Policies and laws designed to deal with asylum seekers have proliferated, as have the resources required to manage them. These developments have come as a result of the rise of asylum as a social, political and economic “problem” which is seen to necessitate urgent action. Within this context, some countries, such as Britain, have sought to limit asylum seekers’ social and economic rights. In Britain specifically this has involved making paid employment illegal for asylum seekers, and in the process making the government liable for the living costs of such individuals – creating a situation of forced welfare dependency. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a review of research into work and welfare policy relating to asylum seekers in Britain. The paper focuses particularly on three key issues which are affected by asylum policies relating to work and welfare. These have all received particular scholarly attention in recent years: destitution, illegal working and forced labour, and the impact on integration outcomes. Findings – In the final section the author proposes some directions for future research. Originality/value – The review is, of course, not exhaustive, but does provide an overview of key themes in the literature and should be of interest to scholars interested in the politics, sociology and social policy of asylum.
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HENZ, URSULA. "The effects of informal care on paid-work participation in Great Britain: a lifecourse perspective." Ageing and Society 24, no. 6 (November 2004): 851–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x04002351.
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Several recent studies have documented a negative relationship between informal care-giving and labour market attachment in Great Britain. This paper examines the relationship from a longitudinal perspective using data from the Great Britain 1994–95 Family and Working Lives Survey. The first part of the paper studies the timing of informal care-giving to a sick, disabled or elderly person. This information is used in the second part to examine the effects of caring on employment. The results show that most carers look after only one dependant during their lives, and only around one-fifth to one-third look after a second dependant before the age of 65 years. Of all informal carers, about one-third had not been employed when they started caring for the first time in their lives, another third said that caring had no effect on their work arrangements, and about one-third reported one or several effects on their work arrangements, most commonly that they stopped working. Multivariate analyses show that semi-routine and routine manual workers report the strongest effects of care-giving. Part-time workers were more likely than full-time workers to reduce their hours of paid employment when they started caring.
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Yeo, Richard. "Genius, Method, and Morality: Images of Newton in Britain, 1760–1860." Science in Context 2, no. 2 (1988): 257–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700000594.
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The ArgumentFocusing on the celebrations of Newton and his work, this article investigates the use of the concept of genius and its connection with debates on the methodology of science and the morality of great discoverers. During the period studied, two areas of tension developed. Firstly, eighteenth-century ideas about the relationship between genius and method were challenged by the notion of scientific genius as transcending specifiable rules of method. Secondly, assumptions about the nexus between intellectual and moral virtue were threatened by the emerging conception of genius as marked by an extraordinary personality – on the one hand capable of breaking with established methods to achieve great discoveries, on the other, likely to transgress moral and social conventions. The assesments of Newton by nineteenth-century scientists such as Brewster, Whewell, and De Morgan were informed by these tensions.
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Johnson, Jeffrey V. "Participatory Action Research and the Struggle for Social Justice in the Workplace." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 15, no. 1 (May 2005): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jmnc-hjh5-46tb-hcvf.
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This article discusses the centrality of social justice as an ethical framework for participatory action research. Historical examples of action research projects in Great Britain and in Sweden are used to illustrate the importance for researchers and occupational health professionals of taking a clear stand with those who have less power, possess fewer resources, and who often are forced to bear the greatest burden of adverse exposures and ill health in modern work organizations. The theory of social justice developed by John Rawls is used to identify the ethical centrality of directly challenging the exploitation of subordinate by dominant social groups.
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Giovanis, Eleftherios. "The relationship between flexible employment arrangements and workplace performance in Great Britain." International Journal of Manpower 39, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-04-2016-0083.
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Purpose There is an increasing concern on the quality of jobs and productivity witnessed in the flexible employment arrangements. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between various flexible employment arrangements and the workplace performance. Design/methodology/approach Home-based working, teleworking, flexible timing and compressed hours are the main employment types examined using the Workplace Employee Relations Survey (WERS) over the years 2004 and 2011 in Great Britain. The workplace performance is measured by two outcomes – the financial performance and labour productivity. First, the determinants of these flexible employment types are explored. Second, the ordinary least squares (OLS) method is followed. Third, an instrumental variable (IV) approach is applied to account for plausible endogeneity and to estimate the causal effects of flexible employment types on firm performance. Findings The findings show a significant and positive relationship between the flexible employment arrangements and the workplace performance. Education, age, wage, quality of relations between managers-employees, years of experience, the area of the market the workplace is operated and the competition are significant factors and are positively associated with the propensity of the implementation of flexible employment arrangements. Social implications The insights derived from the study can have various profound policy implications for employees, employers and the society overall, including family-work balance, coping with family demands, improving the firm performance, reducing traffic congestion and stress among others. Originality/value It is the first study that explores the relationship between flexible employment types and workplace performance using an IV approach. This allows us to estimate the causal effects of flexible employment types and the possible associated social implications.
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Haniff, Ghulam M. "Muslim Minorities in the West." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i1.2256.
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In this superb compilation of essays, fourteen scholars provide a timelyassessment of the expanding Muslim communities in ten western countries,carefully describing their growth and development, sometimes in minutehistorical detail, as they are increasingly scrutinized under the global spotlightfor a variety of complex reasons. Produced as a serious work ofresearch, this volume represents one of the first attempts to examine systematicallythe status and nature of Muslim collective life in the westerndiaspora as seen from the theoretical perspective of the majority-minorityrelationship. It developed out of a conference convened to consider the conditionof the Islamic minorities worldwide. After the conference, selectedpapers were transformed into chapters written specifically for inclusion inthis book.Through fourteen rich and original articles, this book explores a plethoraof problems confronting Muslims, both the recent immigrant arrivals inEurope, Australia, and North America as well as the indigenous followers ofIslam in the Balkans, living within communal collectivities of the Westernworld. It considers “how Muslim minorities fulfill their religious rites andobligations, engage in social and community life and educate their young.” Itexamines “the sacrifices Muslims have to make and the price they have to payto maintain or to acquire a Muslim identity.” With two essays each on Australia,Canada, and the United States, and Britain, the English-speaking world,gets the most attention. But the more obscure cases of Bosnia and Bulgaria,both the terra incognita of the Islamic world until the recent tragedy, are analyzedthoroughly by their native sons, Smail Balic and Kemal Karpat. Despitea diversity of academic orientation, the essays are all highly stimulating, andthe quality of the contributions are all equally superior.The overarching dilemma, identified by the authors as the culprit responsiblefor the Muslims’ difficulties, is the demonization of Islam and the Islamicpeople in the western worldview. As a powerful psychological force on westernthinking, this mindset has brought about the victimization of Muslims and hasled to their wholesale discrimination, indeed, to their rejection as the undesirable“other.” The first two chapters of the book, directly relevant to this concern,delve into the agony of the Muslims of Bosnia; despite their ethnic and racialcompatibility with the Slavic majority notwithstanding, they have undergoneone of the most gruesome incidents of calculated mass murder and brutality inrecent European history. In spite of Bosnia’s “open-minded, liberal and tolerant”p. 23) nature, it has not been spared “a ruthless genocide” p. 24), perhapsbecause Islam rejects the underlying racist premise of the nation-state and istherefore seen as a subversive force. Commensurately, history seems to berepeating itself in Europe. Almost five hundred years after the obliteration ofIslam from Spain, Khalid Duran points out that Bosnia, “truly a cosmopolitansociety” p. 30), is being turned into another Andalusia ...
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Hanagan, Michael. "Family, Work and Wages: The Stéphanois Region of France, 1840–1914." International Review of Social History 42, S5 (September 1997): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000114816.
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Exploring issues of the family wage, this paper examines labour markets, family employment patterns and political conflict in France. Up to now, the debate over the family wage has centred mainly on analysing British trade unions and the development of an ideal of domesticity among the British working classes, more or less taking for granted the declining women's labour force participation rate and the configuration of state/trade union relations prevailing in Great Britain. Shifting the debate across the Channel, scholars such as Laura Frader and Susan Pedersen have suggested that different attitudes to the family wage prevailed. In France, demands for the exclusion of women from industry were extremely rare because women's participation in industry was taken for granted. But a gendered division of labour and ideals of domesticity remained and made themselves felt in both workforce and labour movement.
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UNGURU, Elena, and Antonio SANDU. "Normative and Institutional Frameworks for the Functioning of Supervision in Social Work." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 10, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/47.
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Supervision is understood as a professional, formative, administrative and managerial practice provided by an experimented professional to a professional in the same field, with the purpose of transfering knowledge and training specific competences, useful in his practice with the purpose of providing as qualitative as possible services to its own beneficiaries. The article reviews a series of normative frameworks based on which the process of supervision of social services in countries such as Singapore, New Zeeland, Australia, Canada, USA, Great Britain and Romania. By comparatively analyzing these frameworks, we noticed that generally, there are two models formulated – the first one which regards the supervisor as a professional with experiece in social work, and the other model sees supervision as a distinct profession with transdisciplinary nature, but with access limited by the need for an initial training and previous experience in the field of social work. We notice that, in general, the national frameworks identify three functions of supervision: administrative, formative and managerial, and place a special emphasis on the role of the supervisor as trainer in the field of professional ethics.
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Metz, Karl H. "From Pauperism to Social Policy." International Review of Social History 37, no. 3 (December 1992): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000111320.
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SummaryThe first part of this paper establishes the outlines of social policy in the course of the nineteenth century using Great Britain, Germany and France as examples, with particular emphasis on the differences arising from the varying political cultures of these countries. In the second part the paper attempts to establish comparisons for a generalized framework, also covering developments into the twentieth century. ‘Social policy’ in this instance means all state measures to safeguard the physical and social existence of employed workers on the basis of a criterion of fairness which is derived from their citizenship, it is political in other words. Safety ar work is as much a part of this as protection during illness, old age or unemployment. This study as a whole sets out to achieve some standardizations which will be useful in the analysis of the history of social policy and may also be helpful in the discussion of current socio-political problems.
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Epaneshnikov, A. "Comparative Analysis of Russian and Foreign Approaches to Labor Motivation." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 9, no. 5 (December 21, 2020): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2020-47-49.
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In this day and age, the basic characteristics of motivated labor efforts are described. This study is a comprehensive study of the motivations of labor workers. A detailed analysis of subspecies in Japan, SSA, France, Great Britain, Germany and Sweden has been conducted. For rubies, various methods of motivating staff are suggested. National Economics Companies presented the principles of independence: more personalized staff, long-term and hard work, and more generally work and professional relationships. In American companies, the motivation is based on stimulating activities. In France, the basic method of motivation for a full-time employee is to work for weeks, which means that working hours a week do not exceed 35 hours, and in Russia – 40 hours. At the same time, two modifications of the system are being introduced in Great Britain, depending on the companies involved: today, the basis for which the regulatory supplementation is fully implemented, the video is activated and the payment plan is established in the established earnings. In Germany, for many workers, the economic benefits of the eye mean a lot, and the study of local interest and determination places personalities in the social system. In Sweden, the most important thing is to be diligent - as a social collective, material and non-material motivation motivated by the background plan, in the context of the total management of organizations motivated to pay minimal attention. The Western subcontinent combines financial, material and non-material incentives.
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Kisiel, Roman, Wiesława Lizińska, and Paulina Rosochacka. "Migracje zarobkowe Polaków w kontekście brexitu." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.4509.
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The purpose of the work was to diagnose the scale of the phenomenon of labor migration of Poles to Great Britain. Data on population flows were used (emigration, immigration and migration balance) in 2004–2014. An attempt was also made to diagnose migration changes caused by the Brexit referendum. For this purpose, data were used in the years 2014–2016. The secondary data from Eurostat, the Macroeconomic Data Bank and Demographic Year 2017 (CSO) were used to analyze and assess the phenomenon of migration in the analyzed periods. The majority of migrant workers came to the British Isles in 2006. In the following years, interest in going abroad for long-term was not so great. There were definitely more Polish residents who decided to go for a short-term than for long-term. Another such a big interest in going for longterm to Great Britain took place in 2013. This tendency did not last too long. The referendum did not have a big impact on the short-term migra-tion. However, it reduced the willingness to go away for long-term.
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Finn, Dan. "Welfare to Work: the local dimension." Journal of European Social Policy 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a010187.
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Welfare systems in the European Union and in other OECD countries are under pressure. In response, governments have embarked on major reforms aimed at creating work-based welfare systems. The new approaches involve radical changes in traditional welfare and employment agency bureaucracies. In most countries this has been coupled with decentralization and the increased use of local partnerships and organizations in designing and implementing new 'Welfare to Work' programmes. This article assesses these broad developments and describes the implementation of recent Welfare to Work strategies in three countries – Great Britain, the United States, and the Netherlands. The article compares and contrasts the approach of each country and outlines some of the key developments and implementation problems that have emerged. It briefly assesses the evaluation evidence so far available and analyses the potential and problems that more flexible local delivery arrangements are likely to generate.
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Postolenko, Iryna. "PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN MODERN SCHOOLS IN GREAT BRITAIN." Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Modern School, no. 2(6) (December 21, 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2706-6258.2(6).2021.247507.
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The article considers the practical implementation of educational programs in modern schools in Great Britain. The main methodological approaches to the implementation of the content of educational subjects are studied. The peculiarities of the organization of the pedagogical process during the study of core and basic subjects in British schools are studied in detail, namely, English, mathematics, science, art and design, citizenship, technology and design, geography, history, ICT, modern foreign languages, music, physical education, personal, social, health education, religious education. The pedagogical process in terms of the educational component, organization of extracurricular work with students is also analyzed. It is noted that the involvement of students in extracurricular activities helps to improve their academic performance. Students are mainly involved in the following activities: Dance, Drama, Life-saving, Swimming, Gymnastics, Athletics, Volleyball, Netball, Football, Badminton, Aerobics, Basketball. They also have the opportunity to attend science and mathematics clubs, computer clubs, languages and technology clubs, additional Mathematics groups, participate in the choir and the School Orchestra. Leisure clubs allow students to unite in common interests, engage in music, dance, theater, scouting, sports, games, design, decorative jewelry, and more. In their free time, students visit other schools, industrial enterprises, and farms. Students also have trips to the sea, local churches, art galleries, museums, theaters, etc. In addition, students participate in sports competitions not only among students in the school but also students of other schools in the county.
Keywords: educational programs; educational activity; methodological approaches; key stages of education; British schoolchildren; core subjects; basic subjects; extracurricular activities.
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Marques, Iuri, Sarah Caroline Willis, Ellen Ingrid Schafheutle, and Karen Hassell. "Development of an instrument to measure organisational culture in community pharmacies in Great Britain." Journal of Health Organization and Management 32, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-06-2017-0131.
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Purpose Organisational culture (OC) shapes individuals’ perceptions and experiences of work. However, no instrument capable of measuring specific aspects of OC in community pharmacy exists. The purpose of this paper is to report the development and validation of an instrument to measure OC in community pharmacy in Great Britain (GB), and conduct a preliminary analysis of data collected using it. Design/methodology/approach Instrument development comprised three stages: Stage I: 12 qualitative interviews and relevant literature informed instrument design; Stage II: 30 cognitive interviews assessed content validity; and Stage III: a cross-sectional survey mailed to 1,000 community pharmacists in GB, with factor analysis for instrument validation. Statistical analysis investigated how community pharmacists perceived OC in their place of work. Findings Factor analysis produced an instrument containing 60 items across five OC dimensions – business and work configuration, social relationships, personal and professional development, skills utilisation, and environment and structures. Internal reliability for the dimensions was high (0.84 to 0.95); item-total correlations were adequate (r=0.46 to r=0.76). Based on 209 responses, analysis suggests different OCs in community pharmacy, with some community pharmacists viewing the environment in which they worked as having a higher frequency of aspects related to patient contact and safety than others. Since these aspects are important for providing high healthcare standards, it is likely that differences in OC may be linked to different healthcare outcomes. Originality/value This newly developed and validated instrument to measure OC in community pharmacy can be used to benchmark existing OC across different pharmacies and design interventions for triggering change to improve outcomes for community pharmacists and patients.
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Alifanovienė, Daiva, Odeta Šapelytė, and Darius Gerulaitis. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CONTEXT OF COPING WITH OCCUPATIONAL STRESS EXPERIENCED BY SPECIALISTS OF SOCIAL WELFARE PROFESSIONS IN SOCIALLY AND CULTURALLY DIVERSE ENVIRONMENT." SOCIAL WELFARE: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 2, no. 8 (July 7, 2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21277/sw.v2i8.403.
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<p>The article deals with the reconstruction of the context of coping with occupational stress experienced by social welfare specialists in different socio-cultural environments. It is aimed to reveal the contexts of the possibilities to cope with stress and of consequences of stress experienced by specialists of social welfare professions of Lithuania and <em>Great Britain</em> (N=10). The professionals’ experience was analysed using a qualitative data collection method (semi-structured <em>interview</em>), employing open-ended questions by the assessment areas foreseen by the researchers and formulated upon the analysis of scientific literature and the authors’ research, disclosing the peculiarities of experienced occupational stress and possibilities of coping with it. The research data were analysed employing the content analysis method, using the open coding procedure; validation of the research data was performed using an expert method. Reconstruction of the multilayered context of socio-cultural diversity of social welfare specialists of Lithuanian and Great Britain highlighted ambiguous semantics of stress coping possibilities: the success of coping with occupational stress possibly depends on the interaction between the variables of a personality (intrapersonal) and social environment (interpersonal). Stressful situations affect both personally and professionally, causing changes in specialists’ emotions, cognitive activity, behaviour, aggravating relationships with colleagues and reducing work efficiency.</p>
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Oliver, J. P. J., and P. J. Huxley. "The Development of Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) Materials for Teaching and Testing Mental Health Social Work in Great Britain:." Journal of Teaching in Social Work 2, no. 2 (December 13, 1988): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j067v02n02_03.
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Kronenberg, Christoph, and Jan R. Boehnke. "How did the 2008-11 financial crisis affect work-related common mental distress? Evidence from 393 workplaces in Great Britain." Economics & Human Biology 33 (May 2019): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2019.02.008.
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Kidd, Geraldine. "Eleanor Roosevelt’s blindspot:." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2011 (January 1, 2011): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2011.24.
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Eleanor Roosevelt was an American Hero. She had overcome great personal adversity by the time she read the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1948. The occasion represented the pinnacle of her life’s work as an esteemed humanitarian. The title, “First Lady of the World”, bestowed upon her by President Harry Truman was considered well deserved in view of her efforts for social justice and the protection of minorities – for those whose lives had been shattered by the Great Depression, for African Americans and for European Jewry when it was targeted by Hitler. While the stories of the years of her marriage to Franklin Delano Roosevelt have attracted the attention of historians and resulted in numerous scholarly and popular works, the post-White House period has been thus far neglected. It is this latter stage that my research considers. It is ...
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Vieira, Ricardo Stanziola, and Bruna Roberta Wessner Longen. "ANÁLISE DO CONHECIMENTO TÉCNICO DE OPERADORES DO SISTEMA PRISIONAL SOBRE PESSOAS LGBTI+ PRIVADAS DE LIBERDADE." Ponto de Vista Jurídico 12, no. 1 (August 21, 2023): 166–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33362/juridico.v12i1.3057.
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A complexidade de alguns temas de grande relevância social carrega consigo a inerente necessidade de estudos e discussões. A pesquisadora, que também é policial penal, tece alguns comentários sobre as minorias do sistema prisional brasileiro, tais reflexões iniciam o artigo e se estendem até a sua conclusão. O estudo imerge no contexto das prisões e seus personagens, identificando um grupo específico pertencente às minorias que compõe estes lugares, as pessoas LGBTI+. Foram coletadas informações de policiais penais, os quais laboram no ambiente prisional, que voluntariamente responderam a um questionário semiestruturado com dez perguntas, objetivando analisar o nível de conhecimento técnico desses profissionais sobre a existência e aplicabilidade de documentos normativos que regulamentam procedimentos adequados à execução penal de pessoas LGBTI+ privadas de liberdade, vinculantes à toda administração pública. Compreende-se a importância de se humanizar a dinâmica de cumprimento de pena e, para isso, é necessário que as gestões, em consonância com seu papel de diagnosticar situações de vulnerabilidade, atuem como mediadores sociais e difundam aos seus operadores informações técnicas e procedimentais já definidas, as quais são fundamentais para o desemprenho de suas funções. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Prisão. Minorias. LGBTI+. Polícia Penal. Capacitação. ABSTRACT Some topics of great social relevance and also great complexity carry the inherent need of studies and discussions. The author of this research, who is additionally a criminal police officer, shares her view on the social minorities in the Brazilian prison system, those reflections go from the beginning to the conclusion of this article. The study immerses itself in the context of prisons and their characters, identifying a specific group belonging to the minorities that make up these places, LGBTI+ people. Information was collected from criminal police officers, who work in the prison environment, that voluntarily answered a semi-structured questionnaire with ten questions, aiming to analyze the level of technical knowledge of these professionals about the existence and applicability of normative documents that regulate adequate procedures for the criminal execution of crimes. LGBTI+ people deprived of their liberty, binding on the entire public administration. It is understood the importance of humanizing the dynamics of serving sentences and, for this, it is necessary that the administrations, in line with their role of diagnosing situations of vulnerability, act as social mediators and disseminate technical and procedural information to their operators already defined, which are fundamental for the performance of their functions. Keywords: Prison. Minorities. LGBTI+. Police. Empowerment.
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Mehedinți, Mihaela. "Great Britain and the United States of America as alterity figures for Romanians in the modern epoch: Ethno-cultural images and social representations." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 14, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjbns-2022-0006.
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Abstract The main characteristics of any given social group are defined through comparisons with members of other communities and result from a complex interplay. Identity and alterity are thus constructed simultaneously and interdependently in accordance with group representations emerging from various sources: direct contact through travelling, mere legends or more verifiable accounts, scientific or fictional works, press articles tackling diverse topics, school textbooks, almanacs, etc. The British and the Americans were not identified as the most noteworthy alterity figures by the Romanian mentality of the modern period, but they were surely perceived distinctively from other foreigners. Despite the cultural and/or geographical distance between Transylvania, Wallachia and Moldavia, on the one hand, and Great Britain and the United States of America, on the other hand, towards the end of the 19th century average Romanians were able to interwove information gathered from a wide range of sources and to transform it into realistic depictions of these two countries and their inhabitants. This process of defining the Other combined diachronic and synchronous tendencies, fiction and facts, stereotypes and truth. By synthesising the work done by previous researchers, the present study provides an overall image of the ways in which Great Britain and the United States of America were perceived by Romanians throughout the 18th and 19th centuries.
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Bartosh, O. P. "Training of social workers specializing at work with “At risk” children in the USA, Great Britain and Ukraine: comparative analysis." Pedagogical sciences reality and perspectives 1, no. 80 (2021): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series5.2021.80.1.04.
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Nikitin, Dmitrii. "Indian National Congress in the Years of the Lansdowne’s Government (1888–1894): Problems of Development." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 4 (August 2023): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.12.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the main activities of the Indian National Congress (INC) during the reign of Viceroy Lansdowne. During this period, the main objects of the Congress were official recognition by the colonial administration and the expansion of propaganda work in Britain. But Congress also had several internal problems, such as an undeveloped organizational structure and controversies over unresolved social problems in India. Methods and materials. Based on reports on the annual sessions of the INC and the Indian and British press, the article examines the main problems of the development of the INC in 1888– 1894, the reasons for the increased activity of the Congress in England and the process of the emergence of the Congress’ branches in London and the Indian Parliamentary Committee, and the peculiarities of the relationship between Congress and the colonial administration. Analysis. The Viceroy’s views on Congress and their differences from the previous course of the Indian government are analyzed. The specifics of the activities of the INC in Great Britain are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the parliamentary work of the Congress. The reasons for the intensification of internal contradictions in the INC in the early 1890s are investigated. Results. It is concluded that Viceroy Lansdowne’s refusal to abandon the repressive policy towards the Congress contributed to the progressive development of the Congress, which manifested itself in the revitalization of its activities in Great Britain. However, the development was accompanied by the strengthening of internal organizational contradictions and the beginning of the formation of a Congress’ radical wing.
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Tosko, Mike. "Book Review: Abolition and Antislavery: A Historical Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 3 (March 25, 2016): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n3.248.
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This encyclopedia covers the rise and proliferation of abolitionist movements in the United States and the subsequent consequences of the emancipation of the former slaves. While outside international influences on American slavery existed—particularly Great Britain—the focus here is on both the Northern and Southern United States. Of course, banishing slavery did not lead to immediate social equality, and in fact many abolitionists did not ever desire this type of equality. This work also traces the subsequent controversial issues that emerged following abolition, such as new forms of labor exploitation, the right to own land and to vote, and the use of violence and intimidation to keep African Americans in inferior social and economic positions.
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Steiber, Nadia, and Barbara Haas. "Too much or too little work? Couples’ actual and preferred employment patterns and work hours mismatches in Europe." Zeitschrift für Familienforschung 30, no. 3-2018 (December 3, 2018): 269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zff.v30i3.03.
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The most widely cited European data on work hours mismatches at the couple level date back to the 1990s. The general gist of analyses of these data was that ‘overworked’ dual-earner couples frequently preferred work hours reductions, especially those with childcare responsibilities. This study uses more recent data from the European Social Survey (2010-12) to update the available evidence on actual and preferred breadwinner models and on the occurrence and determinants of work hours mismatches among couples in Europe. The focus is on differences between demographic groups and countries in the degree to which cohabiting couples are either underemployed (working fewer hours than desired) or overemployed (working more hours than desired). Our analyses show that about one third of couples are underemployed, while only one in ten report being overemployed. We identify low education and the presence of children below school age as risk factors for underemployment, whereas highly educated women and fathers of teenagers tend to be overemployed. In a comparison of 16 European countries, we find couples in Greece, Ireland, Slovenia, and Spain to be most at risk of experiencing underemployment – in the countries that were most strongly affected by the recession. The effects of children on the experience of hours mismatches are found to vary across Europe – a particularly strong association of children below school age with parental underemployment is observed in Central and Eastern Europe, Finland, and Germany and a particularly weak one in Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, and Sweden.
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Koliada, Natalia, Oksana Kravchenko, and Tetiana Koliada. "INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF TRAINING DOCTORS OF PHILOSOPHY IN SOCIAL WORK." Social work and social education, no. 2(9) (November 21, 2022): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.2(9).2022.267376.
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The article analyzes the international experience of training doctors of philosophy in social work.The author analyzed the models of training and certification of scientific personnel in different countries of the world (Great Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Poland).The activity of international structures, professional communities on the popularization of scientific and methodical experience, theory and practice of doctoral education is characterized (European University Association, Council for Doctoral Education, Group for the Advancement of Doctoral Education in Social Work, The International Association Of Schools Of Social Work, Realising the potential of researchers). Among the tasks of the activities of the above and other international structures, institutionalized global professional communities (associations, organizations, programs, etc.) is the coordination of activities related to the development of social work education: development of standards to improve the quality of education; organizing and holding forums for exchange of research; popularization of scientific and methodological experience, theory and practice of doctoral education in social work.An analysis of the state of using the experience of foreign programs in the training of doctors of philosophy in social work in Ukraine was carried out. In order to generalize the level of use of foreign experience in the training of doctors of philosophy in Ukraine, the state of taking into account the experience of foreign programs during the formulation of goals and program results of training in domestic educational and scientific programs in social work was analyzed. The main source is information on the self-assessment of the ONP from the specialty 231 Social work, formed by higher education institutions, by scientific institutions during the accreditation of educational and scientific programs by the National Agency for Quality Assurance of Higher Education.
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Thomson, Gerald. ""We Are Making Good under the Honor System": The Social Rehabilitation of Juvenile Males through Militarism, Moral Reform, and Enforced Work Routines at the British Columbia Boy's Industrial School, 1919–1934." Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 17, no. 1 (January 2024): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2024.a916839.
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Abstract: Industrial schools were the dominant mechanisms for the social rehabilitation of wayward juveniles in North America from the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century. The research concerning such schools in shaping young lives is scattered within the historiography of youth. Girls were taught domestic skills and boys were trained in trades such as agriculture. Forced labor was not punishment but seen as moral uplift for troubled youth. This article studies the British Columbia Boy's Industrial School from 1919 to 1934 under David Blackwood Brankin, whose "honor system" combined discipline, strict work routines, regimented leisure, and a minimum of compulsory schooling. Brankin's court missionary work in Great Britain and military career shaped his vision of juvenile social rehabilitation until his retirement in 1934. His replacement was an educator trained in psychology and mental hygiene methods of youth reclamation.
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Tabili, Laura. "The Construction of Racial Difference in Twentieth-Century Britain: The Special Restriction (Coloured Alien Seamen) Order, 1925." Journal of British Studies 33, no. 1 (January 1994): 54–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/386044.
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In the course of the past several decades, scholars have exposed Black people's long history of life and work in Britain, but their approaches to racial conflict have slighted the historical contingency of racial difference itself. Black workers have been presented as logical, visible scapegoats in an otherwise homogeneous working class, and interracial hostility as an ineluctable product of economic or sexual competition between two mutually exclusive and naturally antagonistic groups of working men. Scholars examining Black people's experience in Britain under the rubric “immigrants and minorities” have placed particular emphasis on racial conflicts, xenophobia, and prejudice, which they see as evidence of “traditions of intolerance” widespread in British society. Such interpretations leave unchallenged the assumption that racial or ethnic hostility is latent in social relations, resurfacing in any crisis. Whatever the intentions of their authors, such assumptions can all too easily be used to justify rather than to combat conflict and exclusion.Intolerance, bigotry, prejudice, moreover, are not explanations for racial or ethnic conflict: in themselves they require explanation. In focusing on “attitudes,” and behaviors, these works neglect to examine the structural underpinnings of popular racism and xenophobia—in particular the ways that Black and white working people were positioned in relation to each other within a system also riven by class, gender, skill, and other power dynamics. What many scholars have taken for granted, indeed, is the objective or fixed quality of racial difference itself and its inexorably divisive effects.
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Ilunina, A. A. "Reception of J. Austen’s creativity in Contemporary British Literature (Novel by Joe Baker “Longbourne”)." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-2-189-201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The experience of reception of creativity of J. Austen (1775—1817) in modern British literature is analyzed. The aim of the work was to identify the main directions and ideological and artistic functions of the deconstruction of pretext — the novel by J. Austen “Pride and Prejudice” (1813) — in the novel by Joe Baker (born in 1973) “Longbourne” (2013). It was revealed that the social, anti-colonial, anti-imperialist, anti-war, feminist components are the most significant in the deconstruction of pretext. For Baker, the main modes of rethinking the novel by J. Austen “Pride and Prejudice” become relevant in the modern social and cultural situation of revising the past and assessing the present in Britain, the problems of social contradictions, imperialism, colonialism and its consequences, the rights of women and minorities. It was concluded that in his artistic quest, Baker, although using the novel of the Regency era as a pretext, is moving closer to the neo-Victorian novel. It has been substantiated that it is advisable to clarify the definition of the “neo-Victorian novel of the younger generation” (the term by Y. S. Skorokhodko), designating works written in the pre-Victorian era, in particular, in the era of the Regency, as possible plot-forming pretexts, or to single out a new genre variety of British historiographic metanovel (L. Hutchen) — a Neo-Pre-Victorian novel.
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Inkin, V. V. "British Society in the reflection of the press: fascist sentiments among the World War I veterans in the 1930s." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, no. 2 (April 27, 2024): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-2-528-540.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Importance. The topic of the threat of fascist ideas and movements at the present stage is increasingly being brought up in the framework of public and scientific discussions. The coverage of this problem of the history of Great Britain in the 1930s is connected with the need to study the development of the features of fascism in society and in the society of veterans of the World War I. The novelty of the work is to consider the strengthening of the right-wing sentiments of part of the community of British war veterans in the 1930s, while fascism in Great Britain has been studied most widely by historical science in relation to political organizations and parties. Revealing the connection of veterans with the fascist movement will reveal the essence of the state ideology and the contradiction in public sentiment.Materials and Methods. Within the framework of a historical and systematic approach, the Fascist movement in Great Britain was considered as one of the features of the development of public sentiment. The problem of fascization of British society was the duality of political attitudes. On the one hand, representatives of British fascism were marginals, and on the other, prominent figures of the largest veterans’ organization, the British Legion, were the exponents of the ideas of fascism. Using the prosopographic method, the social and political activities of the World War I veterans were investigated.Results and Discussion. Based on the analysis of the development of Great Britain in the 1930s, the specifics of public sentiment are described. The veteran movement in the country adhered to various ideologies. By the mid-1930s, opinions arose among veteran leaders about the possibility of uniting with the fascists. During this period, the veterans of the World War I themselves, with the assistance of politicians and the aristocracy, as well as the support of capitalist circles, created right-wing radical organizations that openly adopted nationalist, anti-Semitic, and racist positions. The possibility of veterans coming under the influence of fascist organizations actually existed, given the numerous contacts and joint activities both within the UK itself and with foreign organizations and politicians (in particular, with the leaders of the Third Reich and Italy).Conclusion. Prominent figures of the veteran movement (in particular, the British Legion) are responsible for the development of fascism in the UK and have contributed to the policy of appeasing the aggressor. Their activities in the process of unleashing the World War II were derived from the prevailing socio-economic system. In the 1930s, veterans and their leaders became instruments and sometimes representatives of the interests of competing groups of the economically dominant class in Great Britain. Dissatisfaction with the policies of the British governments and the rise of fascist sentiment was reflected in social protest and criticism in the press.