Дисертації з теми "Social web of things"

L’Internet des Objets (IoT) vise à créer un eco-système global et ubiquitaire composé d’un grand nombre d’objets hétérogènes. Afin d’atteindre cette vision, le World Wide Web apparaît comme un candidat adapté pour interconnecter objets et services à la couche applicative en un Web des Objets (WoT).Cependant l’évolution actuelle du WoT produit des silos d’objets et empêche ainsi la mise en place de cette vision. De plus, même si le Web facilite la composition d’objets et services hétérogènes, les approches existantes produisent des compositions statiques incapables de s’adapter à des environnements dynamiques et des exigences évolutives. Un autre défi est à relever: permettre aux personnes d’interagir avec le vaste, évolutif et hétérogène IoT.Afin de répondre à ces limitations, nous proposons une architecture pour IoT ouvert et autogouverné, constitué de personnes et d’objets situés, en interaction avec un environnement global via des plateformes hétérogènes. Notre approche consiste de rendre les objets autonomes et d’appliquer la métaphore des réseaux sociaux afin de créer des réseaux flexibles de personnes et d’objets. Nous fondons notre approche sur les résultats issus des domaines des multi-agents et du WoT afin de produit un WoT Social.Notre proposition prend en compte les besoins d’hétérogénéité, de découverte et d’interaction flexible dans l’IoT. Elle offre également un coût minimal pour les développeurs et les utilisateurs via différentes couches d’abstraction permettant de limité la complexité de cet éco-système. Nous démontrons ces caractéristiques par la mise en oeuvre de plus scénarios applicatifs<br>The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to create a global ubiquitous ecosystem composed of large numbers of heterogeneous devices. To achieve this vision, the World Wide Web is emerging as a suitable candidate to interconnect IoT devices and services at the application layer into a Web of Things (WoT).However, the WoT is evolving towards large silos of things, and thus the vision of a global ubiquitous ecosystem is not fully achieved. Furthermore, even if the WoT facilitates mashing up heterogeneous IoT devices and services, existing approaches result in static IoT mashups that cannot adapt to dynamic environments and evolving user requirements. The latter emphasizes another well-recognized challenge in the IoT, that is enabling people to interact with a vast, evolving, and heterogeneous IoT.To address the above limitations, we propose an architecture for an open and self-governed IoT ecosystem composed of people and things situated and interacting in a global environment sustained by heterogeneous platforms. Our approach is to endow things with autonomy and apply the social network metaphor to createflexible networks of people and autonomous things. We base our approach on results from multi-agent and WoT research, and we call the envisioned IoT ecosystem the Social Web of Things.Our proposal emphasizes heterogeneity, discoverability and flexible interaction in the IoT. In the same time, it provides a low entry-barrier for developers and users via multiple layers of abstraction that enable them to effectively cope with the complexity of the overall ecosystem. We implement several application scenarios to demonstrate these features

Récemment, l'intégration entre les environnements informatiques et de réseautage a été largement promu pour fournir des services intelligents à des utilisateurs finaux ainsi que l'utilisation efficace des ressources. Cette convergence a ouvert la voie à l'émergence de l'internet des objets (IdO). Le paradigme de l'IdO repose principalement sur la fabrication d'objets, appelés les choses, disparaître et se tissent dans le tissu de notre vie de tous les jours pour nous soutenir dans l'accomplissement des activités quotidiennes. L'évolutivité et l'hétérogénéité sont parmi les principaux défis qui entravent la réalisation à grande échelle de services de l'IdO dans la vie quotidienne des utilisateurs. Afin de relever les défis de l'IdO, un nouveau volet de recherche est venu en avant dans la littérature comme une classe paradigmatique des Cyber-physiques systèmes sociaux (CSPR), qui est connu comme l'Internet social des choses (Siot). Le SIOT se fonde sur la notion soulignée par phénomène petite-monde où la structure sociale permettant relation sociale fondée sur la confiance entre les personnes et les objets, d'une manière qui ressemble à des services de réseaux sociaux traditionnels (SNS) est suggérée de relever les défis de l'IdO. Cependant, depuis SIOT hérite des caractéristiques de différents informatiques et de réseautage environnements (par exemple, l'IdO et SNS) cela, en fait, augmente la quantité et la variété des données contextuelles qui doit être manipulé pour Adaptive fourniture de services dans Siot, qui agit comme le principal défi adressé dans cette thèse. Autrement dit, dans cette thèse, nous proposons la notion de contexte cognitif lorsque, dans certaine situation spatio-temporelle, le raisonnement sur les aspects objectifs du cadre, ce qui représente l'environnement physique, avec le contexte subjective, qui représente les aspects comportementaux et sociaux, est considéré comme l'amélioration des services SIOT intelligence et la capacité d'adaptation aux besoins conjoncturels des utilisateurs. Nous envisageons technologies du Web sémantique pour déployer notre contexte cognitif proposé dans deux domaines d'application; sensible au contexte recommandation des tâches quotidiennes dans les maisons intelligentes et structure sociale dépendant de la situation des choses. Un prototype de preuve de concept a été développé pour chaque domaine d'application, dans le but de démontrer l'intégration harmonieuse des objets sur le Web pour la réalisation de certaines applications. Nos résultats empiriques montrent un niveau de service amélioré l'adaptabilité et la complexité en temps de fonctionner lors de l'application de notre contexte cognitif suggéré<br>The paradigm of the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is being promoted in the literature to boost a new trend wherein the benefits of social network services are exhibited within the network of connected objects i.e., the Internet of Things (IoT). The novel user-friendly interaction framework of the SIoT opens the doors for enhancing the intelligence required to stimulate a shift in the IoT from a heterogeneous network of independently connected objects towards a manageable network of everything. In practice, achieving scalability within the large-scale and the heterogeneous paradigm of the IoT while maintaining on top of its user-friendly and intuitive services to bridge human-to-machine perceptions and encourage the technology’s adaptation is a major challenge which is hindering the realization and deployment of the IoT technologies and applications into people’s daily live. For the goal of handling IoT challenges, as well as improve the level of smart services adaptability to users’ situational needs, in this thesis, novel SIoT-based application architecture is provided. That is, Semantic Web Technologies are envisaged as a means to develop automated, value-added services for SIoT. While, interoperability and automation are essential requirement to seamlessly integrate such services into user life, Ontologies are used to semantically describe Web services with the aim of enabling the automatic invocation and composition of these services as well as support interactions across the cyber, physical and social worlds. On the other hand, handling the variety of contextual data in SIoT for intelligent decision making is another big challenge which is still in very early stages of research. In this thesis we propose a cognitive reasoning approach taking into consideration achieving situational-awareness (SA) in SIoT. This reasoning approach is deployed within two application domains where results show an improved level of services adaptability compared to location-aware services which are previously proposed in the literature

Aquesta tesi tracta de dues de les noves tecnologies relacionades amb la Internet of Things (IoT) i la seva integració amb el camp de les Smart Grids (SGs); aquestes tecnologies son la Web of Things (WoT) i la Social Internet of Things (SIoT). La WoT és una tecnologia que s’espera que proveeixi d’un entorn escalable i interoperable a la IoT usant la infraestructura web existent, els protocols web y la web semàntica. També s’espera que la SIoT contribueixi a solucionar els reptes d’escalabilitat i capacitat de descobriment creant una xarxa social d’agents (objectes i humans). Per explorar la sinergia entre aquestes tecnologies, l’objectiu és el de proporcionar evidència pràctica i empírica, generalment en forma de prototips d’implementació i experimentació empírica. En relació amb la WoT i les SGs, s’ha creat un prototip per al Web of Energy (WoE) que té com a objectiu abordar els desafiaments presents en el domini les SGs. El prototip és capaç de proporcionar interoperabilitat i homogeneïtat entre diversos protocols. El disseny d’implementació es basa en el Model d’Actors, que també proporciona escalabilitat del prototip. L’experimentació mostra que el prototip pot gestionar la transmissió de missatges per a aplicacions de les SGs que requereixen que la comunicació es realitzi sota llindars de temps crítics. També es pren una altra direcció d’investigació similar, menys centrada en les SGs, però per a una gamma més àmplia de dominis d’aplicació. S’integra la descripció dels fluxos d’execució com a màquines d’estats finits utilitzant ontologies web (Resource Description Framework (RDF)) i metodologies de la WoT (les accions es realitzen basant-se en peticions Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol/Secure (HTTP/S) a Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)). Aquest flux d’execució, que també pot ser un plantilla per a permetre una configuració flexible en temps d’execució, s’implementa i interpreta com si fos (i mitjançant) un Virtual Object (VO). L’objectiu de la plantilla és ser reutilitzable i poder-se compartir entre múltiples desplegaments de la IoT dins el mateix domini d’aplicació. A causa de les tecnologies utilitzades, la solució no és adequada per a aplicacions de temps crític (llindar de temps relativament baix i rígid). No obstant això, és adequat per a aplicacions que no demanden resposta en un temps crític i que requereixen el desplegament de VOs similars en el que fa referència al flux d’execució. Finalment, el treball s’enfoca en una altra tecnologia destinada a millorar l’escalabilitat i la capacitat de descobriment en la IoT. La SIoT està sorgint com una nova estructura de la IoT que uneix els nodes a través de relacions significatives. Aquestes relacions tenen com a objectiu millorar la capacitat de descobriment; en conseqüència, millora la escalabilitat d’una xarxa de la IoT. En aquest treball s’aplica aquest nou paradigma per optimitzar la gestió de l’energia en el costat de la demanda a les SGs. L’objectiu és aprofitar les característiques de la SIoT per ajudar a la creació de Prosumer Community Groups (PCGs) (grups d’usuaris que consumeixen o produeixen energia) amb el mateix objectiu d’optimització en l’ús de l’energia. La sinergia entre la SIoT i les SGs s’ha anomenat Social Internet of Energy (SIoE). Per tant, amb la SIoE i amb el focus en un desafiament específic, s’estableix la base conceptual per a la integració entre la SIoT i les SGs. Els experiments inicials mostren resultats prometedors i aplanen el camí per a futures investigacions i avaluacions de la proposta. Es conclou que el WoT i la SIoT són dos paradigmes complementaris que nodreixen l’evolució de la propera generació de la IoT. S’espera que la propera generació de la IoT sigui un Multi-Agent System (MAS) generalitzat. Alguns investigadors ja estan apuntant a la Web i les seves tecnologies (per exemple, Web Semàntica, HTTP/S)—i més concretamente a la WoT — com a l’entorn que nodreixi a aquests agents. La SIoT pot millorar tant l’entorn com les relacions entre els agents en aquesta fusió. Les SGs també poden beneficiar-se dels avenços de la IoT, ja que es poden considerar com una aplicació específica d’aquesta última.<br>Esta tesis trata de dos de las novedosas tecnologías relacionadas con la Internet of Things (IoT) y su integración con el campo de las Smart Grids (SGs); estas tecnologías son laWeb of Things (WoT) y la Social Internet of Things (SIoT). La WoT es una tecnología que se espera que provea de un entorno escalable e interoperable a la IoT usando la infraestructura web existente, los protocolos web y la web semántica. También se espera que la SIoT contribuya a solucionar los retos de escalabilidad y capacidad de descubrimiento creando una red social de agentes (objetos y humanos). Para explorar la sinergia entre estas tecnologías, el objetivo es el de proporcionar evidencia práctica y empírica, generalmente en forma de prototipos de implementación y experimentación empírica. En relación con la WoT y las SGs, se ha creado un prototipo para la Web of Energy (WoE) que tiene como objetivo abordar los desafíos presentes en el dominio las SGs. El prototipo es capaz de proporcionar interoperabilidad y homogeneidad entre diversos protocolos. El diseño de implementación se basa en el Modelo de Actores, que también proporciona escalabilidad del prototipo. La experimentación muestra que el prototipo puede manejar la transmisión de mensajes para aplicaciones de las SGs que requieran que la comunicación se realice bajo umbrales de tiempo críticos. También se toma otra dirección de investigación similar, menos centrada en las SGs, pero para una gama más amplia de dominios de aplicación. Se integra la descripción de los flujos de ejecución como máquinas de estados finitos utilizando ontologías web (Resource Description Framework (RDF)) y metodologías de la WoT (las acciones se realizan basándose en peticiones Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol/Secure (HTTP/S) a Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)). Este flujo de ejecución, que también puede ser una plantilla para permitir una configuración flexible en tiempo de ejecución, se implementa e interpreta como si fuera (y a través de) un Virtual Object (VO). El objetivo de la plantilla es que sea reutilizable y se pueda compartir entre múltiples despliegues de la IoT dentro del mismo dominio de aplicación. Debido a las tecnologías utilizadas, la solución no es adecuada para aplicaciones de tiempo crítico (umbral de tiempo relativamente bajo y rígido). Sin embargo, es adecuado para aplicaciones que no demandan respuesta en un tiempo crítico y que requieren el despliegue de VOs similares en cuanto al flujo de ejecución. Finalmente, el trabajo se enfoca en otra tecnología destinada a mejorar la escalabilidad y la capacidad de descubrimiento en la IoT. La SIoT está emergiendo como una nueva estructura de la IoT que une los nodos a través de relaciones significativas. Estas relaciones tienen como objetivo mejorar la capacidad de descubrimiento; en consecuencia, mejora la escalabilidad de una red de la IoT. En este trabajo se aplica este nuevo paradigma para optimizar la gestión de la energía en el lado de la demanda en las SGs. El objetivo es aprovechar las características de la SIoT para ayudar en la creación de Prosumer Community Groups (PCGs) (grupos de usuarios que consumen o producen energía) con el mismo objetivo de optimización en el uso de la energía. La sinergia entre la SIoT y las SGs ha sido denominada Social Internet of Energy (SIoE). Por lo tanto, con la SIoE y con el foco en un desafío específico, se establece la base conceptual para la integración entre la SIoT y las SG. Los experimentos iniciales muestran resultados prometedores y allanan el camino para futuras investigaciones y evaluaciones de la propuesta. Se concluye que la WoT y la SIoT son dos paradigmas complementarios que nutren la evolución de la próxima generación de la IoT. Se espera que la próxima generación de la IoT sea un Multi-Agent System (MAS) generalizado. Algunos investigadores ya están apuntando a la Web y sus tecnologías (por ejemplo,Web Semántica, HTTP/S)—y más concretamente a la WoT — como el entorno que nutra a estos agentes. La SIoT puede mejorar tanto el entorno como las relaciones entre los agentes en esta fusión. Como un campo específico de la IoT, las SGs también pueden beneficiarse de los avances de la IoT.<br>This thesis deals with two novel Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and their integration to the field of the Smart Grid (SG); these technologies are the Web of Things (WoT) and the Social Internet of Things (SIoT). The WoT is an enabling technology expected to provide a scalable and interoperable environment to the IoT using the existing web infrastructure, web protocols and the semantic web. The SIoT is expected to expand further and contribute to scalability and discoverability challenges by creating a social network of agents (objects and humans). When exploring the synergy between those technologies, we aim at providing practical and empirical evidence, usually in the form of prototype implementations and empirical experimentation. In relation to the WoT and SG, we create a prototype for the Web of Energy (WoE), that aims at addressing challenges present in the SG domain. The prototype is capable of providing interoperability and homogeneity among diverse protocols. The implementation design is based on the Actor Model, which also provides scalability in regards to the prototype. Experimentation shows that the prototype can handle the transmission of messages for time-critical SG applications. We also take another similar research direction less focused on the SG, but for a broader range of application domains. We integrate the description of flows of execution as Finite-State Machines (FSMs) using web ontologies (Resource Description Framework (RDF)) and WoT methodologies (actions are performed on the basis of calls Hyper Text Transfer Protocol/ Secure (HTTP/S) to a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)). This execution flow, which can also be a template to allow flexible configuration at runtime, is deployed and interpreted as (and through) a Virtual Object (VO). The template aims to be reusable and shareable among multiple IoT deployments within the same application domain. Due to the technologies used, the solution is not suitable for time-critical applications. Nevertheless, it is suitable for non-time-critical applications that require the deployment of similar VOs. Finally, we focus on another technology aimed at improving scalability and discoverability in IoT. The SIoT is emerging as a new IoT structure that links nodes through meaningful relationships. These relationships aim at improving discoverability; consequently, improving the scalability of an IoT network. We apply this new paradigm to optimize energy management at the demand side in a SG. Our objective is to harness the features of the SIoT to aid in the creation of Prosumer Community Group (PCG) (groups of energy users that consume or produce energy) with the same Demand Side Management (DSM) goal. We refer to the synergy between SIoT and SG as Social Internet of Energy (SIoE). Therefore, with the SIoE and focusing on a specific challenge, we set the conceptual basis for the integration between SIoT and SG. Initial experiments show promising results and pave the way for further research and evaluation of the proposal. We conclude that the WoT and the SIoT are two complementary paradigms that nourish the evolution of the next generation IoT. The next generation IoT is expected to be a pervasive Multi-Agent System (MAS). Some researchers are already pointing at the Web and its technologies (e.g. Semantic Web, HTTP/S) — and more concretely at the WoT — as the environment nourishing the agents. The SIoT can enhance both the environment and the relationships between agents in this fusion. As a specific field of the IoT, the SG can also benefit from IoT advancements.

Internet of Things (IoT): tre parole che sintetizzano al meglio come la tecnologia abbia pervaso quasi ogni ambito della nostra vita. In questa tesi andrò a esplorare le soluzioni hardware e soprattutto software che si celano dietro allo sviluppo di questa nuova frontiera tecnologica, dalla cui combinazione con il web nasce il Web of Things, ovvero una visione globale, accessibile da qualsiasi utente attraverso i comuni mezzi di navigazione, dei servizi che ogni singolo smart device può offrire. Sarà seguito un percorso bottom-up partendo dalla descrizione fisica dei device e delle tecnologie abilitanti alla comunicazione thing to thing ed i protocolli che instaurano fra i device le connessioni. Proseguendo per l’introduzione di concetti quali middleware e smart gateway, sarà illustrata l’integrazione nel web 2.0 di tali device menzionando durante il percorso quali saranno gli scenari applicativi e le prospettive di sviluppo auspicabili.

The aim of this master’s thesis is to examine how exchange students experience looking for information in their new life situation during a semester in Prague. A further purpose is to investigate what barriers they have faced and how this affected their information behavior. Six qualitative interviews of students constitute the empirical foundation for the study. The interviewees are from six different European countries, were all participating in the Erasmus program, and all had social sciences/humanities/art as their main subject. The empirical findings were analyzed with the use of T.D Wilson’s context oriented model of information behavior from the article “Information behavior: an inter-disciplinary perspective”. This includes for example the theory of stress and coping from the psychology. The result shows that exchange students are dealing with a complex of problems, being both a student and a newcomer. A certain level of stress is experienced when it comes to getting informed, especially in the initial part of the exchange. One main barrier is the Czech language, which also functions as a great activating mechanism. By learning this, the exchange students get more independent in their use of information and they also get closer to the Czech society. Other common barriers are related to the bureaucratic system in international student offices, libraries and other places where information is supposed to be accessible. Even if the impressions are split the library is a quite well used source among the students. Socials contacts, such as other students and local people, are also important sources, especially when it comes to overcoming the barriers.<br>Uppsatsnivå: D

Aus der Einführung: "Das Phänomen „virtuelle Organisation“ ((VO), auch virtuelles Unternehmen oder virtualisierte Organisation genannt) ist seit geraumer Zeit Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Forschung und Veröffentlichungen. Mit dem Konzept der VO werden die Vorstellungen von sich schnell konfigurierenden Einheiten verbunden, die sich spontan zusammenschließen und äußerst flexibel auf sich verändernde Umweltbedingungen reagieren können. Darüber hinaus wird vermutet, dass die beteiligten Akteure sich mit ihren Kernkompetenzen einbringen, es also zu einer „Breed of Best“ (vgl. (Mertens/Faisst 1996) kommt. Es wird aufgrund dieser postulierten Eigenschaften angenommen, dass VOs das Potential besitzen, sehr kundenorientiert und wettbewerbsfähig zu sein, da sie ihre Produkte individuell auf den Kunden ausrichten können bzw. auf inhaltliche Anforderungen der Kunden schnell und anpassungsfähig durch die Aufnahme weiterer Partner in die VO reagieren können. Insgesamt können sie sehr flexibel auf Kundenbedürfnisse reagieren und hochkomplexe Leistungen erbringen. Der Organisationsform VO wird zugestanden, für die Anforderungen der Zukunft gut gewappnet zu sein; Beispiele für VOs werden vorwiegend in den High-Tech- oder serviceorientierten "Zukunftsbranchen" (wie z. B. Multimedia) angetroffen (Reiß 1996). Bisher fehlen umfassende empirische Untersuchungen der Organisationsform VO, die belegen könnten, dass die o. g. Potentiale auch umgesetzt werden. Die Frage, ob und wann VOs wirklich als effektiv und effizient bezeichnet werden können, ist noch nicht hinreichend erörtert worden. Erste Befunde aus der Praxis liefern Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass die VO nur eine Station auf dem Entwicklungsweg der Organisationen sind (Weigle/Krcmar 2000)."

In questa tesi si esplorano le tecnologie e le pratiche per sviluppare una semplice applicazione di domotica per monitorare l'ambiente (temperatura, illuminazione,umidità, presenza umana) in una stanza e esporre i sensori attraverso un interfaccia Restful che sia accessibile tramite i protocolli web HTTP e Websocket.Viene utilizzato Javascript come linguaggio di programmazione,Node.js come server e Express come framework.

Aus der Einführung: "Das Phänomen „virtuelle Organisation“ ((VO), auch virtuelles Unternehmen oder virtualisierte Organisation genannt) ist seit geraumer Zeit Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Forschung und Veröffentlichungen. Mit dem Konzept der VO werden die Vorstellungen von sich schnell konfigurierenden Einheiten verbunden, die sich spontan zusammenschließen und äußerst flexibel auf sich verändernde Umweltbedingungen reagieren können. Darüber hinaus wird vermutet, dass die beteiligten Akteure sich mit ihren Kernkompetenzen einbringen, es also zu einer „Breed of Best“ (vgl. (Mertens/Faisst 1996) kommt. Es wird aufgrund dieser postulierten Eigenschaften angenommen, dass VOs das Potential besitzen, sehr kundenorientiert und wettbewerbsfähig zu sein, da sie ihre Produkte individuell auf den Kunden ausrichten können bzw. auf inhaltliche Anforderungen der Kunden schnell und anpassungsfähig durch die Aufnahme weiterer Partner in die VO reagieren können. Insgesamt können sie sehr flexibel auf Kundenbedürfnisse reagieren und hochkomplexe Leistungen erbringen. Der Organisationsform VO wird zugestanden, für die Anforderungen der Zukunft gut gewappnet zu sein; Beispiele für VOs werden vorwiegend in den High-Tech- oder serviceorientierten "Zukunftsbranchen" (wie z. B. Multimedia) angetroffen (Reiß 1996). Bisher fehlen umfassende empirische Untersuchungen der Organisationsform VO, die belegen könnten, dass die o. g. Potentiale auch umgesetzt werden. Die Frage, ob und wann VOs wirklich als effektiv und effizient bezeichnet werden können, ist noch nicht hinreichend erörtert worden. Erste Befunde aus der Praxis liefern Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass die VO nur eine Station auf dem Entwicklungsweg der Organisationen sind (Weigle/Krcmar 2000)."

The present study analyses the discourses that young black South African men employed when they engaged with popular representations of brotherhood in the media. In particular the study explores how these particular young men view masculinity within brothering and what the implications of ‘doing brothering’ are as a result of this view. Drawing on discursive psychology, the study is located in a social constructionist theoretical framework and uses a qualitative methodological approach. The data used in the discourse analysis was gathered through focus group discussion of scenes from the television show Generations. The discourse analysis produced two major discourses in which there were different constructions of masculinity each influencing the way in which brothering was done. The first discourse constructed a ‘dutiful man’ who performs his brotherly obligations separately from his emotions, this discourse is in line with discourses of hegemonic masculinity where men are expected to fulfil obligations and are not expected to be emotional. Resisting this discourse at times, some participants in this study did occasionally construct men as having rich emotional lives such that the quality of interaction with brothers is constructed as more important, in terms of building intimate fraternal relationships, than the amount of interaction with them. The second major discourse constructs the ‘ideal man’ in two different ways: as the ‘good man’ and the ‘unscrupulous man’. The ‘good man’, like the ‘dutiful man’ performs the obligations society has placed on him, but does not receive the social esteem that is given to the ‘unscrupulous man’, who is successful and financially powerful. Although both these types of men are spoken of as possessing masculinity, the ‘good man’ is constructed as holding onto a type of masculinity that does not have a place in contemporary society. The findings suggest that brothering informs the way in which men take up certain masculine positions. The study contributes to our understanding of the construction of gender identity within familial relationships, specifically the adult brother-brother relationship.

In questa tesi si discute l'idea di Web of Augmented Things (WoAT) che riguarda l'integrazione di Web of Things (WoT) con gli Augmented Worlds (AW). Ciò significa parlare di sistemi software distribuiti che aumentano lo spazio fisico con entità virtuali e ologrammi in una prospettiva di realtà aumentata, accoppiate alle "cose intelligenti" del WoT facenti parte dello stesso ambiente. Per introdurre questo concetto si parte da un'analisi delle tecnologie che caratterizzano in primo luogo Internet delle cose e il Web delle cose, in secondo luogo la Realtà aumentata per poi arrivare all'idea di Web of Augmented Things. In particolare è stato realizzato un progetto che ne sottolinea gli aspetti principali. Alla fine si propone un'infrastruttura per WoAT che ne potrebbe agevolare la progettazione e l'ingegnerizzazione.

In questa tesi, per meglio comprendere come nasce e si sviluppa una piattaforma WoT si parte da una panoramica sul grande sviluppo che sta avendo il mondo IoT, con un’analisi delle tecnologie che lo hanno reso possibile, tecnologie di rete, protocolli, hardware e settori applicativi. Successivamente, attraverso lo studio delle specifiche WoT di W3C, Architettura e Thing description, si va ad analizzare la necessità di gestire universalmente questa moltitudine di dispositivi connessi, l'idea del Web of Things è quella di creare un Internet of Things decentralizzato fornendo gli URL delle cose sul Web per renderli collegabili e rilevabili e definendo un modello di dati standard e API per renderli interoperabili. Infine si illustra il lavoro fatto dal Team Mozilla nello sviluppo del progetto Project Things, inizialmente un framework sperimentale di software e servizi per aiutare gli sviluppatori a connettere cose nel web in modo sicuro, protetto e interoperabile, che diventa poi Mozilla WebThings una piattaforma aperta per il monitoraggio e il controllo dei dispositivi sul Web. Con le sue funzionalità peculiari: Mozilla WebThings Gateway, una distribuzione software per gateway domestici, su Raspberry Pi intelligenti incentrata su privacy, sicurezza e interoperabilità e Mozilla WebThings Framework, una raccolta di componenti software riutilizzabili per aiutare gli sviluppatori a creare le proprie Web Things.

In questa tesi si esplora il paradigma Web of Things e la modellazione di Sistemi ad Agenti, con lo scopo di progettare un modello di interazione fra questi due approcci. L’architettura Web of Things (WoT) è una specificazione dell’architettura Internet of Things ideata con lo scopo di fornire interoperabilità, quindi di fornire un’interfaccia uniforme per comunicare con device eterogenei. Il paradigma ad agenti invece è stato ideato per progettare sistemi autonomi, distribuiti e reattivi. Si notano concetti paralleli nei modelli Web of Things e sistemi ad agenti in termini di interazioni, protocolli di comunicazione, comportamenti autonomi e interoperabilità. Con questa tesi si vuole esplorare la possibilità di integrare questi due approcci per realizzare sistemi aventi le proprietà offerte dai modelli Web of Things e sistemi ad agenti, considerando come caso di studio le tecnologie Web Things e JaCaMo, come, rispettivamente, piattaforma open-source per lo sviluppo di sistemi WoT e piattaforma open-source per lo sviluppo di sistemi ad agenti.

L'internet des Objets (IoT) est habituellement présenté comme l'ensemble d'objets interconnectés à travers un réseau qui est, en pratique, Internet. Or, il existe beaucoup de cas où la connectivité est intermittente à cause des interfaces radio courte-portées et des contraintes d'économie d'énergie. L'architecture de réseautage tolérant les délais (DTN) ainsi que le Bundle Protocole (BP) sont considérés comme des solutions viables pour résoudre ce genre de challenges grâce au mécanisme store-carry-and-forward. Cette thèse vise à fournir des supports de programmation adaptés autant à l'IoT qu'au contexte DTN. Dans ce but, les challenges relevant du DTN et de l'IoT (DT-IoT) sont étudiés et quelques principes de design logiciels sont proposés. Ces principes ont pour but d'optimiser la réactivité et l'efficacité des applications ayant pour cible un contexte DT- IoT. La première contribution est la définition d'un support de programmation orienté ressources, nommé BoaP. Ce support fournit un protocole de requête/réponse grâce à une transposition de CoAP (Contrained Application Protocol). Cette transposition est composée d'ajustements fondamentaux et d'améliorations pour utiliser BP en tant que couche de transport. BoaP a été implémenté et testée dans un petit réseau physique. Une méthode pour évaluer des intergiciels dans des réseaux DTNs est présentée. Un outil implémentant cette méthode a été développé. Il repose sur une plateforme de virtualisation qui simule les contacts réseaux tout en émulant les nœuds du réseau. Cet outil a été utilisé pour exécuter des expériences pour évaluer la validité de BoaP. Enfin, un autre support de programmation est examiné. Celui-ci adopte une approche orientée service et respecte les contraintes REST (Representational State Transfer). Il se repose sur BoaP a été créé avec l'IoT en tête et est adapté à l’environnement DTN. La découverte exploite une interface de publications/souscriptions. Les descripteurs de services contiennent des champs spécifiques pour informer de la disponibilité de leur fournisseurs<br>The Internet of Things (IoT) is usually presented as a set of THINGS interconnected through a network that is, in practice, Internet. However, there exist many contexts in which the connectivity is intermittent due to short-range wireless communication means or energy constraints. The Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) architecture and the Bundle Protocol (BP) are known to overcome this communication challenge as they provide communication means by relying on a store-carry-and- forward mechanism. This thesis aims to provide programming supports adapted to both IoT and DTN contexts. For this, both DTN and IoT (DT-IoT) challenges are studied and several design principles are proposed. These principles aim to optimize reactivity and efficiency of applications targeting the DT-IoT context. The first contribution is the definition of a resource-oriented programming support, named BoaP, to enable a DT-IoT. It provides a protocol based on request/response thanks to a transposition of CoAP (Contrained Application Protocol). This transposition consists of fundamental adjustments and enhancements to use BP as the underlying transport protocol. BoaP has been implemented and tested in a small physical network. A method to evaluate middleware systems in DTNs is presented. A tool implementing this method has been developed. It relies on a virtualization platform that simulates network contacts and emulates network devices. This tool was used to run experimentations that assessed the validity of BoaP. Finally, another programming support is investigated. It follows a service-oriented approach and respects REST (Representational State Transfer) constraints. It is built on top of BoaP with IoT in mind and is adapted to DTN environments. Its discovery/advertisement exploits a publish/subscribe interface. Service descriptors contain specific fields to inform on the availability of the service providers. %Finally, requests are extended with some options to enforce conditions on geographic or time context

Realising the value of the growing quantity of webenabled devices and data is a significant global challenge, and is essential in overcoming the mounting global environmental and economic issues. This is especially true in urban environments, where the potential to leverage technology for operational performance improvements is highest, due to the high density of many interlinked systems. This thesis hypothesises that moving beyond the stateoftheart of Internet of Things technologies, to a Semantic Web of Things approach, can improve the outcomes of technology interventions for stakeholders, by improving applicationlayer interoperability. The premise is that by providing a rich and shared understanding of the cyberphysical context of devices, services, and data, applications are able to interoperate better. This in turn leads to a more integrated consideration of the problem space by business services, and so a more holistic optimisation can be achieved, across previously siloed systems. The methodology adopted was an iterative experimentation process alongside experts, culminating in the development of a Semantic Web of Things platform for smart cities. This consists of an integrated suite of APIs for accessing semanticallyenriched builtenvironment data from various perspectives. This includes an IoT resource discovery endpoint which extracts semantic metadata from a triple store and transforms it to be compliant with the recent Hypercat standard. The API also exposes a full SPARQL endpoint for rich querying of the data, as well as BIM, CityGML, and timeseries endpoints for accessing specific views of the data. To further promote resource discovery and interoperability, the platform includes a 3D GUI for visually exploring the city, building, and sensor data, and is built on a comprehensive smart city ontology which extends the recent BSI smart city ontology and aligns this with several relevant de facto standards. III To support the final design science stage and provide a rigorous exploration of the hypothesis, participatory action research methods were iteratively undertaken across 6 research projects, involving engagement with circa 40 organisations. This work considered the subdomains of smart cities, and initially focused on the energy domain. Software and ontologies were developed and analysed alongside experts, before an extended learning iteration in the water domain was undertaken, producing a smart water semantic model and platform. The work demonstrates that a Semantic Web of Things approach does improve applicationlayer interoperability. Some of the results observed through this project include i) reducing energy consumption in public buildings by circa 30% through a smart retrofit BEMS, ii) enabling water utilities to better manage regulatory compliance and network management, and iii) maximising the profitability of domestic renewable energy generation through smart holonic microgrids. Semantic technologies are well suited to addressing the ‘variety’ of big data in IoT systems, and support a system of systems approach to smart city management. Whilst existing research in this area focuses on annotating sensors with ICT descriptors, this work shows that integrating this with rich domain context is beneficial in promoting interoperability and discoverability. Future work involves investigating the use of the artefacts developed in other smart city domains, and furthering the consensusbuilding process towards standardisation.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA<br>A cada dia mais e mais brasileiros possuem um telefone celular de última geração com conexão à internet. Estes novos aparelhos são capazes de ler diferentes tipos de etiquetas usadas para armazenar, recuperar e gerenciar informações, e estão conosco em toda parte para apoiar nossas tarefas diárias. Estes pequenos computadores são conscientes de seu entorno, e propícios à comunicação e colaboração com o mundo real. Devido a sua popularidade, disponibilidade e massa crítica de usuários atingida, novos serviços são desenvolvidos baseados no conceito da computação ubíqua, onde computadores e seres humanos são unificados em torno da noção de ambiente. Estes sistemas pervasivos lidam com questões de interação de contexto e reconhecimento de ambientes, e se adaptam de acordo com as preferências do usuário. Nesta dissertação são descritos o desenvolvimento e testes de usabilidade de uma rede social que é fundamentada nos conceitos da computação ubíqua e Internet das Coisas. Esta rede social, dirigida para o tema da enogastronomia, é acessível por dispositivos móveis e utiliza códigos de duas dimensões colados nas garrafas dos vinhos para através do software e da câmera do celular trazer informações de acordo com o contexto do objeto, lugar e preferência do usuário.<br>Every day more and more Brazilians have a next generation mobile phone with an internet connection. These new devices are able to read different types of labels used to store, retrieve and manage information; they are with us everywhere to support our daily tasks. These small computers are aware of their surroundings and propitious to communication and collaboration with the real world. Due to their popularity, availability and critical mass of users reached, new services are developed based on the concept of ubiquitous computing, where computers and humans are unified around the concept of environment. These systems deal with issues of pervasive interaction of context, recognition of environments and adapt according to user preferences. This thesis presents a description of the development and usability testing of a social network that is based on the concepts of ubiquitous computing and the Internet of Things. This social network, addressed to the theme of enogastronomy, is accessible by mobile devices and uses twodimensional codes pasted on the bottles of wine for using the software and the phone s camera to bring information in accordance with the context of the object, place and user preference.

In the context of a Pan-European project aimed at defining the next generation of intelligent IoT systems, this thesis proposes the idea of Visual Agent-Oriented Programming as the enabling tool for non-technical users to configure and program such systems. The thesis work was carried out while being hosted by the University of St. Gallen, contributing to the exploration of the Interaction and Communication-based Systems research group in the field of engineering autonomous systems capable of controlling Web of Things (WoT) environments with a human-in-the-loop philosophy. Motivated by the ever-increasing demand for interfaces designed for workers to be able to keep the pace of the fast digitalization of business activities, a new tool was designed and developed to provide a seamless interface to control the digital representation of physical environments exploiting agent programming. To our knowledge, this is also the first attempt at building a user-friendly interface on top of the agent-oriented paradigm that targets people with no previous programming experience. This can be seen as the first step in exploring whether the assumptions made when defining agents as entities to build software in a way that was more understandable for humans since taking inspiration from models of human behaviour and reasoning still hold. From a WoT perspective, providing a uniform programming interface is crucial to allow to create or modify software featuring a different degree of autonomy in flexibly performing tasks, dealing with open, dynamic and distributed environments. Users can leverage the agent paradigm to define complex behaviour at a very high level of abstraction leaving space for all sorts of reconfiguration to happen in the lower layers such as on-demand machine allocation.

This work examines the histories of the Latino population of Washington County, Oregon, and explores how and why ethnic Mexican and other Latino individuals and families relocated to the county. It relies heavily on oral history interviews conducted by the author with ethnic Mexican residents, and on archival newspaper sources. Beginning with the settlement of a small number of tejano families and the formation of an ethnic community in the 1960s, a number of factors encouraged an increasing number of migrant Latino families--from tejanos to Mexican nationals to Central and South Americans to indigenous migrants of various nationalities--to settle permanently in the county. This work studies how the growth and diversification of the population altered the nature of community among Latinos, how changing social conditions and the efforts of early community builders improved opportunities for new arrivals, and how continuing migration has assisted in processes of cultural replenishment.

Il Web Of Things (WoT) ´e un insieme di standard il cui obiettivo ´e quello di fornire un formato unico di rappresentazione dati ed un livello di comunicazione semplice tra i dispositivi elettronici tramite i protocolli WEB e gli URI. Quello che viene presentato in questo elaborato ´e come ´e stata realizzata un’architettura WOT, OpenAPI To WOT, secondo lo standard presentato da W3C e come il paradigma del Web Of Things possa portare un elevato numero di benefici sia ad un livello generale, come per imprese o addirittura nazioni, sia ad un livello pi´u piccolo ovvero per una singola persona o piccoli gruppi di persone. Questo lavoro di tesi si propone di trasportare le OpenAPI nel WOT, esponendole tramite URI, seguendo la filosofia, proposta da W3C, della thing description. I possibili utilizzi che quest’architettura pu´o offrire sono l’utilizzo dei protocolli HTTP e CoAP per il prelievo delle risorse, i servizi offerti, combinando OpenAPI things e le things dei dispositivi hardware collegati al microcontrollore, ed infine la possibilit´a da parte dell’utente di poter creare dei servizi personalizzati a partire dalle things, sia delle OpenAPI sia delle componenti hardware, che vengono proposte

Con l'avvento dell'"Internet delle Cose" (o Internet of Things, utilizzando il termine anglosassone, in breve IoT) sempre di più alcuni dispositivi "intelligenti" sono stati integrati nelle "cose" che noi tutti utilizziamo quotidianamente. Tali dispositivi si rendono riconoscibili attraverso tecnologie per l'identificazione (RFID, NFC, iBeacon, etc.) e acquisiscono intelligenza grazie al fatto di poter comunicare dati ed accedere ad informazioni aggregate rese disponibili da altri dispositivi in rete. Un obiettivo generale dell'Internet delle Cose (IoT), è di poter tracciare una mappa digitale del mondo reale, dando così una identità elettronica alle cose e ai luoghi dell'ambiente fisico. I campi di applicabilità sono molteplici: dalle applicazioni industriali (processi produttivi), dalla logistica all'infomobilità, fino all'effcienza energetica, all'assistenza remota e alla tutela ambientale. In questa tesi si andranno ad esplorare le possibili strategie per integrare dispositivi sprovvisti di un accesso diretto alle rete internet, attraverso un'attività di identificazione e di una successiva trasformazione per rendere questi dispositivi gestibili mediante l'utilizzo di tecnologie già presenti (Web 2.0) e di tecnologie elettroniche abilitanti (IoT). L'integrazione di dispositivi elettronici nel Web ha assunto il nome di Web of Things come descritto nel "Towards the WOT Manifesto" pubblicato il 10 Aprile 2009 da un gruppo di ricercatori, tra i quali Dominique Guinard e Vlad Trifa.

Cette thèse porte sur le Web Sémantique des Objets (WSdO), un domaine de recherche à l'interface de l'Internet des Objets (IdO) et du Web Sémantique (WS). L’intégration des approche du WS à l'IdO permettent de traiter l'importante hétérogénéité des ressources, des technologies et des applications de l'IdO, laquelle est une source de problèmes d'interopérabilité freinant le déploiement de systèmes IdO. Un premier verrou scientifique est lié à la consommation en ressource des technologies du WS, là où l'IdO s’appuie sur des objets aux capacités de calcul et de communication limitées. De plus, les réseaux IdO sont déployés à grande échelle, quand la montée en charge est difficile pour les technologies du WS. Cette thèse a pour objectif de traiter ce double défi, et comporte deux contributions. La première porte sur l'identification de critères de qualité pour les ontologies de l'IdO, et l’élaboration de IoT-O, une ontologie modulaire pour l'IdO. IoT-O a été implantée pour enrichir les données d'un bâtiment instrumenté, et pour être moteur de semIoTics, notre application de gestion autonomique. La seconde contribution est EDR (Emergent Distributed Reasoning), une approche générique pour distribuer dynamiquement le raisonnement à base de règles. Les règles sont propagées de proche en proche en s'appuyant sur les descriptions échangées entre noeuds. EDR est évaluée dans deux scénario concrets, s'appuyant sur un serveur et des noeuds contraints pour simuler le déploiement<br>This thesis is situated in the Semantic Web of things (SWoT) domain, at the interface between the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Semantic Web (SW). The integration of SW approaches into the IoT aim at tackling the important heterogeneity of resources, technologies and applications in the IoT, which creates interoperability issues impeding the deployment of IoT systems. A first scientific challenge is risen by the resource consumption of the SW technologies, inadequated to the limites computation and communication capabilities of IoT devices. Moreover, IoT networks are deployed at a large scale, when SW technologies have scalability issues. This thesis addresses this double challenge by two contributions. The first one is the identification of quality criteria for IoT ontologies, leading to the proposition of IoT-O, a modular IoT ontology. IoT-O is deployed to enrich data from a smart building, and drive semIoTics, our autonomic computing application. The second contribution is EDR (Emergent Distributed Reasoning), a generic approach to dynamically distributed rule-based reasoning. Rules are propagated peer-to-peer, guided by descriptions exchanged among nodes. EDR is evaluated in two use-cases, using both a server and some constrained nodes to simulate the deployment

L'Internet des objets (IoT) implique la connexion des appareils embarqués tels que les capteurs, les électroménagers, les compteurs intelligents, les appareils de surveillance de la santé, et même les lampadaires à l'Internet. Une grande variété d'appareils intelligents et en réseau sont de plus en plus à la disposition de bénéficier de nombreux domaines d'application. Pour faciliter cette connexion, la recherche et l'industrie ont mis un certain nombre d'avancées dans la technologie microélectronique, de la radio de faible puissance, et du réseautage au cours de la dernière décennie. L'objectif est de permettre aux appareils embarqués de devenir IP activé et une partie intégrante des services sur l'Internet. Ces appareils connectés sont considérés comme les objets intelligents qui sont caractérisés par des capacités de détection, de traitement, et de réseautage. Les réseaux personnels sans fil à faible consommation d'IPv6 (6LoWPANs) jouent un rôle important dans l'IoT, surtout sur la consommation d'énergie (de faible puissance), la disponibilité omniprésente (sans fil), et l'intégration d'Internet (IPv6). La popularité des applications sur le Web, aux côtés de ses standards ouverts et de l'accessibilité à travers d'une large gamme d'appareils tels que les ordinateurs de bureau, les ordinateurs portables, les téléphones mobiles, les consoles de jeu, fait que le Web est une plateforme universelle idéale pour l'IoT à l'avenir. Par conséquent, quand de plus en plus d'objets intelligents se connectent à l'Internet, l'IoT est naturellement évolué pour la provision des services des objets intelligents sur le Web, comme des millions de services Web d'aujourd'hui. Puis vient une nouvelle opportunité pour des applications vraiment intelligentes et omniprésentes qui peuvent intégrer des objets intelligents et des services Web conventionnels en utilisant des standards Web ouverts. Nous appelons ces applications les applications IoT sur le Web. Cette thèse propose une solution complète pour la provision de 6LoWPAN avec une annotation sémantique pour pousser le développement d'applications IoT sur le Web. Nous visons à offrir des services d'objets intelligents pour le Web et les rendre accessibles par beaucoup d'API Web qui existe en considérant des contraintes de 6LoWPAN comme les ressources limitées (ROM, RAM et CPU), la faible puissance, et la communication à faible débit. Il y a quatre contributions: (i) La première contribution est sur l'architecture globale de la provision sémantique de services pour les applications IoT sur le Web qui comprennent trois sous-systèmes: le système de communication des services, le système de provision des services, et le système d'intégration des services. (ii) La deuxième contribution étudie un modèle d'interconnexion entre les réseaux 6LoWPAN et les réseaux IPv6 réguliers par la conception, la mise en oeuvre et l'évaluation de la performance d'un 6LoWPAN qui constitué des MTM-CM5000-MSP TelosB motes pour les objets intelligents, et le Raspberry Pi pour un routeur de bordure. (iii) La troisième contribution présente en détails de l'architecture, des algorithmes et des mécanismes pour la provision des services des objets intelligents fiables, évolutifs et sécurisés en respectant des contraintes de ressources limitées; (iv) La quatrième contribution est composée de deux applications innovantes IoT sur le Web pour l'intégration des services dans lesquels nous appliquons l'architecture proposée: un système d'automatisation de la construction (SamBAS) et une plateforme Social IoT (ThingsChat)<br>This dissertation proposes a complete solution to provision 6LoWPAN services with semantic annotation that enables the development of IoT applications on Web. We aim to bring smart object services to the Web and make them accessible by plenty of existing Web APIs in consideration of 6LoWPAN constraints such as limited resources (ROM, RAM, and CPU), low-power, and low-bitrate communication links. There are four contributions: (i) The first contribution is about the overall architecture of the semantic service provisioning for IoT application on Web consisting of three subsystems: service communication, service provisioning, and service integration. (ii) The second contribution studies the internetworking model between 6LoWPAN and regular IPv6 networks by a design, implementation, and performance evaluation of a 6LoWPAN consisting of MTM-CM5000-MSP TelosB motes with TI MSP430F1611 microprocessors and CC2420 IEEE 802.15.4 radio transceivers for smart objects, and Raspberry Pi for an edge router; (iii) The third contribution presents the detailed architecture, algorithms, and mechanisms for provisioning reliable, scalable, and secure smart object services with respect to its resource-constrained requirements; (iv) The fourth contribution is in application domain for service integration in which we apply the proposed architecture on two innovative IoT applications on Web: a building automation system (SamBAS) and a Social IoT platform (ThingsChat)

Abstrakt   Nyckelord: Web of Things, Tillsammansodling, Ting, Entitet, Kultur   I undersökningen går vi igenom hur ting kan existera inom olika plan av vårt medvetande och även hur teknologin inom Web of Things (WoT*) kan agera som en entitet inom ett fenomen såsom tillsammansodling. De metoder som valts för att undersöka fenomenet är Brainstorm, Att flytta gränser och De sex tänkarmössorna. Dessa tre metoder är våra huvudmetoder som ansågs vara bästa valen för ändamålet medan alternativa metoder som Kanban*, funktionsanalys och ett agilt tänkande var för att kunna ge vår design det extra stöd som behövdes för att utvecklas. Metoderna för att kunna undersöka detta fenomen har utgjorts av olika delar från boken Design av informationsteknik av Jonas Löwgren och Erik Stolterman där vi utgått från att skapa en design med hjälp av de tre delarna vision, den operativa bilden och specifikationen (Löwgren &amp; Stolterman, 2004). Dessa tre delar har använts i fem olika iterationer för att kunna använda metoderna i olika plan av designen. Resultatet påvisas genom att gå igenom designprocessens fem iterationer och med stöd från tidigare och aktuell forskning medan diskussionen presenteras genom att gå igenom de fyra hypoteser vi själva arbetade fram genom att undersöka tidigare och aktuella forskningstexter, de fyra hypoteser är som följer.   Hypotes ett: Fenomenet tillsammansodling i stadsmiljöer med kopplingar till Web of Things (WoT) skapar ett ting som består av både fysiska och psykiska relationer till de som befinner sig i det. Hypotes två: Tillsammansodlingar är till förmån för hållbarhet och sociala möten. Hypotes tre: WoT är inte bara ett fysiskt ting utan även psykiskt och kan beblanda sig med både människa och maskin på olika plan. Hypotes fyra: WoT som sociala medier kan få människan att vilja börja ta del av tillsammansodlingar i stadsmiljöer och påtrycka ändringar hos maskiner och hur människor arbetar tillsammans med dem.<br>Abstract   Keywords: Web of Things, Community gardening, Things, Entity, Culture   In this Bachelor thesis we go through how things can exist within different planes of our mind and further how technology within Web Of Things (WoT) can act as an entity within a phenomenon like Community gardening. The methods that was chosen for the survey of the phenomenon are Brainstorm, To move the border and The six thinkingcaps. This three methods are our main methods that was considered to be the best choice for our purpose while alternative methods like Kanban, Function analyses and an agile thinking was considered to be the extra structure our design needed to evolve. The methods to maintain this survey of the phenomenon has been consisted of different parts from the book Thoughtful interaction design written by Jonas Löwgren and Erik Stolterman where we extracted three parts from it where the parts was vision, operative image and specification in order to create our design (Löwgren &amp; Stolterman, 2004). This three parts has been integrated in five different iterations in order to use the methods of choosing in different parts of the design. The result is manifested from the design processes five iterations and the support from earlier and current researches while the discussion is presented through four hypotheses we manifested from the work from earlier and current research papers, the four hypotheses are as followed.   Hypothesis s one: The phenomenon Community gardening in urban environments with relations to Web of Things creates a thing that coexist within both the physical and psychological in the relationships of what is inside of the phenomenon. Hypothesis two: Community gardening is beneficial for sustainability and social encounters. Hypothesis three: Web Of Things is not just a physical thing but also a psychical and can exist in different planes of both mankind and machines. Hypothesis four: Web Of Things as social media can make the mankind want to integrate with Community gardening in urban environments and push changes in how humans and machine works together.

Dopo aver analizzato l’Internet of Things (IoT) e il Web of Things (WoT), in particolar modo l'evoluzione, l'architettura e le criticità, si propone la realizzazione di un sistema di Thing Description Directory. La Thing Description Directory è un servizio di directory che permette la registrazione, la gestione e la ricerca di un database di Thing Description. Il sistema proposto permette di fornire all'utente uno strumento per visualizzare e gestire le Thing Description all'interno del database. Inoltre, la funzionalità di ricerca sintattica permette l'estrazione delle Thing Description, nella loro totalità o solo alcune parti, che soddisfano determinate richieste. Il sistema segue le specifiche fornite dal W3C presenti nel documento di WoT Discovery.

Di questi tempi il ruolo dei dati nell'economia insieme al numero di dispositivi mobile sono cresciuti a dismisura e hanno preso sempre più importanza. In questo elaborato verranno analizzati il paradigma del Mobile Crowdsensing e come il Web of Things si propone come soluzione a molte delle problematiche che sono introdotte quando si parla di sensori che comunicano all'interno della rete. La principale problematica per cui il Web of Things nasce ed è in grado di risolvere è quella dell'eterogeneità dei dispositivi, infatti i sensori possono essere installati su device con interfacce e capacità di comunicazione completamente differenti, ma tramite l'architettura proposta dal W3C è possibile creare un'interfaccia generica comune a smart things diverse per permettere, a chiunque riesca a soddisfare un protocollo di comunicazione, di interagire con esse senza problemi. Tutto questo da un punto di vista differente dal classico device che espone i propri sensori a dei richiedenti, infatti questa architettura viene invertita in modo tale che sia il device a inviare i dati partecipando a delle richieste che vengono esposte seguendo gli standard del W3C WoT tramite un Servient con funzioni di server in grado di ricevere i dati e immagazzinarli all'interno di un database.

When looking at the Internet of Things the question arises how people, places and things will be connected to each other in the future. One option to create interoperability between devices and humans for the Internet of Things is to use open web standards. Researchers have named this approach the Web of Things and have studied the vision by showing the technical feasibility and by suggesting software architectures. What has been missing so far is a designer’s view on the challenges of connecting the virtual and the physical world with web technology. This thesis therefore aims to explore how current web technologies can be used as design material for the Web of Things. The results indicate that new web technologies like push notifications work well in the context of ubiquitous computing. Additionally, the repertory grid method was applied to evaluate how users experience the Web of Things. It was found that the prototypes were perceived as easy to use, personal and working instantly but the participants were also clearly aware of the dependency to a working smartphone.

La costante evoluzione tecnologica sta portando alla luce nuove possibilità, che un tempo non erano nemmeno immaginabili. Uno dei settori che si è rivoluzionato maggiormente negli ultimi anni è quello delle telecomunicazioni e questo ha portato sia a una riduzione dei costi per le connessioni a Internet, sia ad un aumento delle loro capacità e prestazioni; di conseguenza queste connessioni sono diventate più accessibili e affidabili permettendo alle persone e alle cose di accedere a Internet quasi ininterrottamente. Questo sviluppo sta portando innumerevoli benefici, ma come ciascuna innovazione tecnologica, tuttavia, i benefici si accompagnano a nuove sfide. In questo elaborato viene dapprima analizzato lo stato dell’arte, i benefici, le problematiche e gli attuali interessi da parte di alcuni dei maggiori player verso l’Internet of Things. Vengono poi prese in considerazione due problematiche: l'individuazione e l'interazione con gli oggetti connessi a Internet, portando come esempio l'utilizzo e la ricerca di una vending machine, un distributore automatico. Proponendo una soluzione, in primo luogo è stato effettuato lo sviluppo di un ecosistema che sfrutta le potenzialità del Physical Web, implementando ad hoc ogni componente, dall'emissione del beacon Eddystone-URL alla visualizzazione della pagina ad esso associata. In secondo luogo questa è stata creata un'applicazione Android che sfrutta l'altro tipo di frame offerto dalla piattaforma beacon di Google, l'Eddystone-UID. Queste due applicazioni vengono quindi analizzate e messe a confronto, per individuare i punti forti e le mancanze delle rispettive piattaforme.

Today more and more objects in our daily lives are getting connected to the Internet. This phenomenon is called the Internet of Things and is a way for physical things such as cars, buildings or even bus stations to get access and communicate with other objects using the Internet. The problem is that for every Internet of Things device, an application is often needed in order to communicate with these devices. Developing mobile applications in a separate programming language for each operating system can be an expensive and time consuming task. In this thesis, we implement and evaluate a cross-platform mobile solution for users to interact with smart things using the advantages of web technologies. To compare previous findings in this area, two literature reviews has been performed to find out which is the state of the art on cross-platform mobile development frameworks and smart-things technologies used for interacting with physical objects. The result is a mobile application developed using PhoneGap and jQuery Mobile that interacts with iBeacons, where students inside a university building can get directions and schedules for different rooms. The application received good results from a couple of usability studies, and performed well when measuring its performance. The outcome shows that web technologies that exist today are a viable solution to native mobile applications in terms of interacting with smart things such as tagging technologies.

Bars, Chains, and Broken Things is a four-movement work for orchestra with a distinct social narrative: the American prison system. During my time working as a volunteer with the Pendleton Juvenile Correctional Facility, I came to know several young men and their stories. This piece serves as a loosely programmatic work chronicling the four most significant concepts which resonated with me. The individual movements are named and seek to musically represent these ideas: “Abandonment” - a common feeling among the incarcerated, “Imprisonment” - the effects and words of those feeling isolated, “Solace” - a state of calm acceptance, and “False Freedom” - a refutation of the belief that release from the prison system signifies the end of society’s punishment. It is my hope that this work serves as a musical contribution to awareness of the current issues faced in the American prison system.

La vulgarisation de l'informatique omniprésente à travers l'internet des objets (IdO) représente un défi pour la préservation de la vie privée et la confidentialité des individus.Les menaces contre la confidentialité sont directement liées à la capacité de détection de capteur dans l'IdO en suivant les individus dans presque toutes les situations de leur vie.Alliée à cela, les techniques d'exploration de données ont évolué et ont été utilisées pour extraire une multitude d’informations personnelles à partir de données du flux des données des capteurs.Ce modèle de confiance repose sur la fiabilité du consommateur de données pour extraire uniquement des informations accordées.Cependant, ce modèle permet l’exposition d’informations personnelles à des adversaires de la vie privée.Afin de fournir un mécanisme pour préserver la confidentialité dans l'IdO, nous proposons un modèle de capteur virtuel qui renforce une politique de confidentialité dans le flux des données des capteurs.Ce mécanisme intermédiaire se met en place entre les capteurs physiques et les consommateurs de données.En conséquence, nous sommes en mesure d'optimiser l'utilisation des techniques de preservation de confidentialité, telles qu'anonymisation, en les appliquant de manière sélective selon les intentions d'inférence des capteurs virtuelles, tout en empêchant les capteurs virtuels malveillants d'exécuter ou d'obtenir un accès direct aux données brutes des capteurs physiques.En outre, nous proposons une ontologie pour classer les informations personnelles basées sur la science du comportement (Behavior Computing), ce qui facilite la définition de la politique de confidentialité et à la classification de l'information en fonction des contextes comportementaux<br>The spread of pervasive computing through the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a challenge for privacy preservation.Privacy threats are directly related to the capacity of the IoT sensing to track individuals in almost every situation of their lives.Allied to that, data mining techniques have evolved and has been used to extract a myriad of personal information from sensor data stream.This trust model relies on the trustworthiness of the data consumer who should infer only intended information.However, this model exposes personal information to privacy adversary.In order to provide a privacy preservation for the IoT, we propose a privacy-aware virtual sensor model that enforces privacy policy in the IoT sensing as a service.This mechanism intermediates physical sensors and data consumers.As a consequence, we are able to optimize the use of privacy preserving techniques by applying them selectively according to virtual sensor inference intentions, while preventing malicious virtual sensors to execute or get direct access to raw sensor data.In addition, we propose an ontology to classify personal information based on the Behavior Computing, facilitating privacy policy definition and information classification based on the behavioral contexts

Lo scopo della seguente tesi è la progettazione e l'implementazione dello stack software WoT Servient per sistemi IoT, seguendo con precisione l'architettura proposta del W3C. La piattaforma si compone di un'interfaccia a linea di comando attraverso la quale l'utente è in grado di definire Thing Descriptions, le quali verranno usate come basi per la creazione di script eseguibili dai sistemi di questo tipo. I microcontrollori, in questo modo, assumeranno il ruolo di Thing ed esporranno le loro funzionalità agli utenti con cui interagiranno. Nella prima parte (capitoli 1 e 2) viene esposto lo stato dell'arte. Il capitolo 1 contiene una panoramica sull'IoT con cenni storici, la sua evoluzione, le sue caratteristiche e le sue criticità. Nel capitolo 2 si analizzerà il W3C WoT, illustrandone l'utilità e l'architettura del W3C WoT, mostrando i suoi casi d'uso, gli elementi principali e l'implementazione del Servient. La seconda parte dell'elaborato (capitoli 3, 4 e 5) si focalizzerà sul sistema sviluppato. Nel capitolo 3 verrà presentata l'idea che ha dato origine a questo progetto, i requisiti funzionali e tecnici e la sua architettura. Il capitolo 4 riguarderà la presentazione del dettaglio delle tecnologie e delle librerie adottate ed i moduli software realizzati. Infine nel capitolo 5 si presenterà un caso d'uso su cui si è validata l'implementazione del sistema oggetto di questo lavoro.

In questa tesi triennale si discuterá la progettazione e l'implementazione di uno stack WoT Servient per dispositivi embedded per l'utilizzo nel campo dell'Internet of Things. Nella realizzazione di tale progetto si sono seguiti gli standard definiti dal consorzio W3C in materia di Web of Things. L'interfaccia del progetto si compone di una GUI con la quale l'utente puó realizzare la Thing Description associando per ogni Interaction Affordance un set di Binding Templates realizzati, tra cui HTTP, WebSocket e CoAP. Di seguito sará possibile compilare lo sketch ed effettuare l'upload su una board prototipale compatibile con lo stack software Arduino. La piattaforma é stata sviluppata per realizzare codice per la board Espressif ESP32, ma portabile su altri devices con caratteristiche compatibili apportando le opportune modifiche al template del microcontrollore.

In questo elaborato di tesi si è partiti dall’analisi del mondo dell’Internetof Things, delWeb of Thingse dei sistemi di tracciamento remoto per elabo-rare una soluzione (CMDeBike) per la raccolta e la visualizzazione dei datiprodotti da ebike. La progettazione e l’implementazione sono state svolte in due fasi: la prima fase ha visto lo sviluppo di un edge device dotato di descrizione semantica; la seconda fase è stata volta allo sviluppo di un insieme di servizi che forniscono la possibilità di cercare/trovare gli edge device, salvarne i dati secondo policy configurabili a runtime e visualizzare tramite interfaccia grafica i risultati dei salvataggi. L’architettura ottenuta rispetta lo standard W3C WoT e risulta essere scalabile, configurabile ed estendibile. Inoltre, costituisce una base per l’introduzione nel mondo del W3C WoT di nuovi pattern per la gestione del salvataggio e dell’aggregazione dei dati.

Internet of Things e Realtà Aumentata sono due tra i topics più gettonati dall'odierno mondo IT, numerosi progetti di ricerca sono attualmente attivi in questi ambiti, e si prospetta che diventino tra i protagonisti del futuro (o anche del presente, nel caso dell'IoT) panorama tecnologico. Lo scenario IoT prevede di costellare l'ambiente di oggetti ''intelligenti" connessi in rete dotati di capacità di calcolo, sensori ed attuatori, al fine di migliorare la percezione che l'ambiente ha di se stesso e di chi lo popola, permettendo di sviluppare tutta una serie di applicazioni per poterlo rendere reattivo e auto-organizzante. La visione che propone la Realtà Aumentata (AR) può per certi aspetti risultare simile, in quanto considera degli osservatori, nel mondo reale, dotati di speciali dispositivi che permettono di sovraimporre ad esso uno strato virtuale di informazioni, aumentandolo. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di riuscire ad integrare in un unico modello (visione) questi due grandi ambiti, e ingegnerizzare una base infrastrutturale che permetta di concepire uno scenario allargato in cui le Things pervasive con cui construire i sistemi non debbano più essere soltanto fisiche, ma possano anche avere una natura totalmente virtuale/aumentata, sensibili dall'uomo attraverso i meccanismi di AR. Per fare ciò si andrà prima alla ricerca di un valido modello che possa integrare lo strato reale e lo strato virtuale mascherando la natura delle Things (Augmented Worlds), dunque si procederà a renderle interoperabili, attraverso un protocollo di livello applicazione analogo allo stack WoT (che è nato proprio per risolvere questa problematica nell'IoT), dando forma al Web of Augmented Things.

This thesis calls into question a currently orthodox view of Ludwig Wittgenstein's post-Tractarian philosophy. This view is that the social and political implications of Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations are conservative and relativist. That is, Wittgenstein's concepts such as 'forms of life', 'language-games' and 'rule-following' defend and promote: a rule-determined and context-determined rationality; or an incomparable community-determined human understanding; or a neutralist, nonrevisionary, private or uncritical social and political philosophy.<br>In order to challenge and correct this conventional understanding the thesis sets up as 'objects of comparison' a variety of very different examples of the use of Wittgenstein in social and political philosophy. These uses are neither relativist nor conservative and they situate understanding and critical reflection in the practices of comparison and dialogue. The examples of this 'comparative-dialogical' Wittgensteinian approach are found in the works of three contemporary philosophers: Thomas L. Kuhn, Quentin Skinner and Charles Taylor.<br>This study employs the technique of a survey rather than undertaking a uniquely textual analysis because it is less convincing to suggest that Wittgenstein's concepts might be used in these unfamiliar ways than to show that they have been put to these unfamiliar uses. Therefore I turn not to a Wittgensteinian ideal but to examples of the 'comparative-dialogical' uses of Wittgenstein. In so doing I am following Wittgenstein's insight in section 208 of the Philosophical Investigations: "I shall teach him to use the words by means of examples and by practice. And when I do this, I do not communicate less to him than I know myself." Thus it will be in a survey of various uses and applications of Wittgenstein's concepts and techniques that I will show that I and others understand them.

This thesis aims to design and develop a platform based on a novel concept - the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) constructed by a robotic platform, an Internet of Things (IoT) platform and cloud computing services. A robotic platform enables hardware abstraction, facilitating the management of input/output between software, mechanical devices  andelectronic systems. The IoT platform is a global network enabling a massive number of devices known as things to communicate with each other and transfer data over the Internet. Cloud computing is a shared pool of scalable hardware usually provisioned as cloud services by third party cloud vendors. The integration of these concepts constitutes the core of the IoRT platform, as a global infrastructure facilitating robots to interconnect over the Internet utilizing common communication technology. Moreover, the pool of cloud resources shared by the connected robots enables scalable storage and processing power. The IoRT platform developed in this study constitutes firstly of the Amazon Web Service (AWS) IoT core serving as the IoT platform. Secondly, it incorporates the Robot Operating system (ROS) as the robotic platform and thirdly the cloud services Amazon DynamoDB and AWS Lambda for data storing and data processing respectively.The platform was evaluated in terms of delays &amp; utilization and visualization capabilities. The platform demonstrates promising result in terms of delays exchanging small packages of data, round-trip delays in order of 50-60ms were obtained between a robot placed in Stockholm and the communication platform AWS IoT placed in Dublin, Ireland. Most of the delay is due to the traveling distance, where a round trip ping between Stockholm and Dublin takes around 50ms. The platforms ability to visualize streaming data from the robots, enables an operator to visualize selected data from any service in the platform over the Internet in near real-time, with round-trip delays in order of 250-300ms where the data propagates through multiple cloud service. In conclusion, this report illustrates the feasibility of merging two major platforms together: ROS and AWS IoT, and moreover, the accessibility to exploit the power and potential enabled by the modern data centers.<br>Avhandlingens syfte är att utforma och utveckla en plattform baserat på konceptet Internet of Robotic Things konstruerat av en robotikplattform, en Internet of Things plattform och molntjänster. En Internet of Things plattform är ett globalt nätverk som tillåter många enheter att kommunicera med varandra och överföra data över Internet. En robotikplattform underlättar kontrollen av in/ut mellan mjukvara, mekaniska enheter och elektroniska system. Molntjänster är en gemensam pool av skalbar hårdvara som vanligtvis erbjuds av tredje parts molnleverantörer. En Internet of Robotic Things plattform är en global infrastruktur som underlättar avancerade robotar att interagera över Internet genom en gemensam kommunikationsteknik, en pool av molntjänster som delas av alla uppkopplade robotar som tillåter skalbar lagring och processorkraft.Plattformens huvudkomponenter är robotikplattformen Robot Operating System, Internet of Things plattformen AWS IoT Core och molntjänsterna Amazon DynamoDB och AWS Lambda för lagring och databearbetning.Plattformen evalueras i form av plattformegenskaperna, fördröjningar &amp; funktionstid och visualiseringsförmåga. Plattformen visar lovande resultat i from av fördröjningar mellan två robotar som utbyter data med hjälp av IoT plattformen, där fördröjningarna är begränsade av distanssträckan. Plattformens egenskap att visualisera strömmande data från robotar möjliggör för en operatör att visualisera utvald data från plattformen över internet i realtid.

Il monitoraggio strutturale è un argomento di notevole importanza di questi tempi. Basta considerare il numero di catastrofi che avvengono a causa del deperimento di opere civili o strutture. Gran parte di esse, potrebbero essere evitate avendo dei sistemi di monitoraggio implementati correttamente. In questo elaborato, andiamo ad illustrare come il Web of Things ci può venire incontro in questo, analizzando i suoi aspetti tecnici, i suoi casi d’uso e mostrando l’implementazione di un’applicazione in grado di interrogare sensori installati in rete Web of Things. Andremo a vedere che cosa è il Web of Things, come è strutturato, e come renderlo disponibile su un’applicazione multipiattaforma, sfruttando le tecnologie moderne

This thesis explores the design and development of the cloud based IT infrastructure for an Internet of Things (IoT) network of low-cost air quality sensors. The platform is developed on Amazon Web Services (AWS) and includes the network infrastructure, data storage, post processing and various web visualisations supporting the research endeavour.

In the past few years, technology has been changing by leaps and bounds, within which a new topic has emerged as Internet of Things. These things serve as sensors/actuators, connected to the Internet and enabled to communicate with each other simultaneously in a P2P distributed manner. The sensors/actuators sense and generate contextual data in their surroundings in order to enable real-time context-aware behavior that make them more personalized and intelligent. This contextual information may be useful for human purposes like environment monitoring, home surveillance, elderly care, safety, security surveillance, etc. Moreover, smart mobile devices with incredible features have become hugely popular, the use of the Internet of Things would be much handier using smartphones to interact with sensors and also to generate information with its decorated sensors. The main aim of this thesis work is to create an extension for an add-in layer of the Internet of Things (SensibleThings Platform) architecture that adds functionalities like querying UCI value within the platform, connecting different mobile devices regardless of programming language, which has been done using the REST protocol. Furthermore, the intention is to build a P2P connection between the Java coded SensibleThings platform to a non-Java platform, i.e. iOS, by creating an Objective-C library to support dissemination of contextual information between the discrete platform in a distributed manner using JSON. Two servers have been created using Apache web server and sockets to connect with the Objective-C library to compare the performance of extension and library. The thesis work also presents the implementation of the extension and an Objective-C library, integrated to create proof-of-concept applications by developing an iOS application and Mac OS desktop application that can easily interact with the SensibleThings platform by requests through the REST protocol and getting the UCI value in JSON message format. Moreover, to know the best possible solution for the SensibleThings platform, a hybrid application has also been developed by using PhoneGap and JQueryMobile within XCode, which is compared with the iOS web app, and an evaluation of mobile applications using extension and library with two servers has also been performed. According to the results between the web server and sockets, the sockets act scalable and more stable than the web server when interacting with the SensibleThings platform; when comparing between the iOS and Mac app for performance, there is not much difference. The results also suggest that a hybrid app would be a better solution for the SensibleThings platform; it could be developed with less effort and be useful for a variety of mobile devices, which might be the best solution for the IoT in the future. Lastly, the conclusions includes possible future work to be supplemented, to make the IoT better in future.

Ogni giorno viene generata una grandissima mole di dati che è possibile rilevare, gestire e studiare attraverso l'uso di sensori di diverso. Tutti questi tipi di sensori sono componenti intelligenti che, pur facendo parte dell'Internet of Things, hanno problemi di interoperabilità dovuti ad esigenze di mercato, ingegneristiche e storiche. Questo limita enormemente le potenzialità dell'Internet of Things, un settore in piena crescita, per cui sono in via di sviluppo una serie di tecnologie che permettono la comunicazione tra Smart Things nonostante la diversa struttura interna. Ad oggi esistono alcune soluzioni che però necessitano di essere migliorate ed aggiornate per poterle rendere utilizzabili su larga scala. Con questa tesi dimostrerò che è possibile realizzare un framework che permette la comunicazione tra Smart Things e smartphone e, più in generale, con il Web dimostrandone il corretto funzionamento attraverso un caso d'uso reale relativo al monitoraggio strutturale.

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables opportunities to remotely sense and control objects via communication networks. We study services based on connected devices and the collaboration they generate between the ICT and the Health, Social Care and Wellbeing (HSCWB) industries. In HSCWB, IoT can support a change from episodic treatments of illness to preventive care and wellbeing solutions. The IoT can be a supporter in cost efficient and high quality health care. The objective is to achieve healthier life years and more efficiency in health and social care. Even if the potential of IoT in HSCWB has been proven in pilot projects and small-scale solutions, the benefits and opportunities for many actors are still unclear. There is a research gap in studying the roles and business opportunities for market-driven technology-based solutions enabled by connected devices. The research approach separates technological and business domains. On the technology side, the focus is on advances in connectivity for IoT. We present the technical details on a limitation to support IoT devices in cellular networks. We quantify the limitations in the Random Access Channel of the LTE air interface to support IoT devices. Moreover, we propose the adaptation of an access mechanism to enable massive number of simultaneous access attempt in cellular networks. On the business side, we identify and present how the conditions of the health and social care structure in Sweden affect the establishment of IoT solutions in HSCWB. We then show how these conditions have generated three distinctive development patterns—to innovate within the public sector, to develop solutions in the private care sector, or to target the wellbeing sector to avoid regulatory setbacks. Based on these patterns, we look closer into study cases to show how business opportunities have been addressed from a business network perspective. When deploying an IoT service, not all critical challenges can be appreciated at a single firm level. Therefore, we rely on a network-level business model framework to analyze emerging IoT services in HSCWB. The findings suggest that IoT components can improve an existing service by automating internal working processes, or they can enable new value propositions and convenience to end users. In general terms, the collaboration can be used (i) to improve the efficiency of existing services in health and social care without an original intention to change the service offering, or (ii) to create novelty and differentiation, without affecting the internal logics of existing HSCWB services.<br><p>QC 20180828</p><br>IoT Ecosystems (VINNOVA)<br>COIN-SWEAT<br>MTC2020<br>M2MRISE

The Internet of Things is a vision of autonomous devices that can gather, process, and transmit information without human intervention. The power of the Internet of Things lies in the connections between devices and internet resources. They allow humans to delegate automatable tasks to devices and internet services so that they can execute them. Yet, there is no common platform for connecting these resources today. Recent studies show that human autonomy, agency, and social injustice are of concern to users when asked about Internet of Things scenarios. Yet, research focuses on technological advancements, making internet enabled devices more autonomous instead of addressing needs and concerns of users. This thesis identifies requirements for a tool, that allows layman users to create connections between connected devices and internet resources. A Theory of Use incorporates these reqirements and outlines qualities of a good solution which are then refined by sketches. The resulting hypothesis incorporates these qualities as well as the principles of designing for appropriation to support adaptation and adoption by users. The outcome of this thesis is a framework that puts human needs first, supporting human autonomy, agency, and social justice. It includes concepts of the Semantic Web of Things for easy integration of devices and internet services and allows both humans and machines to make sense of the underlying information.

Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Daniel Andresen<br>Web services have expanded to become popular in application development. Web services technology represents an important way of communication between different applications across different platforms. Unlike traditional client/server models, such as a Web application or Web page system, Web services do not provide the user with a GUI. Instead, Web services share business logic, functionality and data through a programmatic interface across a network. Web services are services or functionalities that are exposed to the internet and serves as online or web APIs. These services which are online APIs can be called from your code and use the results in your applications to offer specific functionality to users. This project consists of two applications the client and the server application. The server application is an online REST API (Web Services developed using REpresentational State Transfer (REST) protocol) which provides all the functionalities as a service across the network that are required to develop a social networking web application. The client application is similar to any other social networking web application where you can create a profile, delete profile, send messages to your friends, post things, like and comment a post. This applications sends request to the server application using HTTP requests and get the responses. These responses are then consumed in the application to provide the required functionalities to the end user.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de travaux relatifs au Web Social Sémantique, dans la perspective de la complémentarité et de la coévolution de deux aspects du Web, l’aspect social et sémantique. Le développement du Web au cours de ces dernières années a fait émerger un énorme graphe de données structurées, sémantiques résultant en partie de l’activité des utilisateurs, le LOD. Nous nous intéressons à l’utilisation de ce graphe afin de faciliter l’accès à l’information présente sur le Web, et ce de manière utile, informative et enrichissante pour l’utilisateur. Cette problématique est notamment étudiée dans les scénarios de l’innovation sur le Web – pratiques visant à utiliser des technologies du Web pour contribuer à l’émergence de l’innovation. Une spécificité de ce contexte, assez peu abordé dans la littérature existante, est sans doute le besoin d’inciter les découvertes inattendues et fortuites. Au delà de la simple pertinence sollicitée dans toute situation de recherche et de recommandation sur le Web, le contexte d’innovation impose une certaine ouverture d’esprit pour permettre à l’utilisateur d’accéder aux informations inattendues mais néanmoins pertinentes, et permet par la même occasion de s’inspirer et de transposer des idées d’un domaine à l’autre. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont donc pour objectif d’aider, de manière directe ou indirecte, les acteurs de l’innovation en ligne (e.g., les entreprises qui cherchent à innover, les experts et les porteurs d’idées) de faire des découvertes. Cet objectif ce décline particulièrement par les travaux de construction d’un système de recherche d’experts, un système de recommandation de mots-clés pertinents pour un problème et un système de recommandation de collaborateurs pour aider à un expert d’affronter des problèmes pluridisciplinaires<br>This thesis builds upon the work on the Social Semantic Web, a research perspective on the complementarity and coevolution of two aspects of the Web, the social and semantic one. Web development in recent years has given rise to a huge graph of semantically structured data, partly resulting from user activity. We are particularly interested in the use of this graph in order to facilitate access to information found on the Web, in a useful, informative manner. This problem is particularly studied in scenarios related to innovation on the Web - practices to use Web technologies to contribute to the emergence of innovation. A notable specificity of this context, so far little discussed in literature, is the need to encourage serendipity and discovery. Beyond the simple relevance sought in any search and recommendation situation on the Web, the context of innovation requires a certain openness to allow the user to access information relevant yet unexpected, and should also open opportunities to learn and translate ideas from one domain to another.The work presented in this thesis therefore aims to assist, directly or indirectly, the innovators online (eg, companies seeking to innovate, experts and carriers of ideas) to make discoveries. We address each of these challenges in different parts of the thesis. This vision is principally implemented through the construction of an expert search system, Hy.SemEx, a system for keyword recommendation allowing to discover unknown relevant keywords, HyProximity, and an approach for recommending collaborators to experts in order to help them face multidisciplinary problems

The Internet presents a wide variety of capacity-building opportunities for the nonprofit sector, especially grassroots-based organizations with geographically dispersed members. These opportunities have become more accessible and practical for laypeople with emergence of Web 2.0 and the prevalence of social network sites like Facebook and MySpace in contemporary life, theoretically making it easier even for under-resourced organizations to leverage the Internet to increase outreach, fundraising and recruitment capacity. This report details the participatory action research basis and findings of the accompanying practical component of the thesis project which entailed the development of a new Web 2.0-enabled website for Sierra Club Canada, the country's foremost grassroots environmental nonprofit organization. With no other organizations in the sector taking full strategic advantage of the Internet to improve campaign capacity, this new website will establish Sierra Club Canada as a premiere online presence and a resource for a growing number of grassroots activists and supporters of environmental causes.

Partendo da un'analisi dell'Internet of Things (IoT) e del Web of Things (WoT), delle loro criticità e delle possibili soluzioni, viene proposta la realizzazione di una piattaforma: WoT Store che, rispettando gli standard del W3C WoT, permetta una semplice e ampia operabilità su applicazioni e Thing su base semantica. Per quanto riguarda le applicazioni il WoT Store ne effettua la distribuzione, la ricerca e l'installazione. Permette inoltre la ricerca e la visualizzazione interattiva delle Thing disponibili e la selezione delle applicazioni compatibili con esse. Il lavoro è da considerarsi in una fase dinamica, non solo in quanto necessita di continuo adeguamento con gli standard W3C, ma anche perchè si può prevedere l'implementazione della compra-vendita delle applicazioni e dei dati delle Thing tramite criptovaluta.

Le Web des Objets s'inscrit dans divers domaines d'application, tels que la domotique, les entreprises, l'industrie, la médecine, la ville, et l'agriculture. Il se présente comme une couche uniforme placée au-dessus de l'Internet des Objets, afin de surmonter l'hétérogénéité des protocoles présents dans ces réseaux. Une valeur ajoutée des applications Web des Objets est de pouvoir combiner l'accès à divers objets connectés et sources de données externes avec des techniques standards de raisonnement sémantique (RDF-S,OWL). Cela leur permet alors d'interpréter et de manipuler de ces données en tant qu'informations contextuelles. Ces informations contextuelles peuvent être exploitées par ces applications afin d'adapter leurs composants en fonction des changements dans leur environnement. L'adaptation contextuelle est un défi majeur pour le Web des Objets. En effet, les solutions d'adaptation existantes sont soit fortement couplées avec leur domaine d'application (étant donne qu'elles reposent sur des modèles de contexte spécifiques au domaine), soit proposées comme composant logiciels autonomes, difficiles à intégrer dans des architectures Web et orientées sémantique. Cela mène alors à des problèmes d'intégration, de performance et de maintenance. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une solution d'adaptation contextuelle multi préoccupations pour les applications Web des Objets, répondant à des besoins d'utilisabilité, de flexibilité, de pertinence et de performance. Notre travail se base sur un scenario pour l'agriculture numérique et se place dans le cadre de la plateforme orientée-avatar ASAWoO. Premièrement, nous proposons un Meta modèle générique permettant de concevoir des modèles contextuels standards, interopérables et réutilisables. Deuxièmement, nous présentons un cycle de vie du contexte et un workflow d'adaptation contextuelle, permettant la sémantisation de données brutes, ainsi que la contextualisation en parallèle durant l'exécution de l'application. Ce workflow combine des données issues de sources hétérogènes, telles que l'expertise du domaine, les documentations techniques des objets, les données de capteurs et de services Web, etc. Troisièmement, nous présentons une méthode de génération de règles d'adaptations basées sur des situations contextuelles, permettant de limiter l'effort des experts et concepteurs lors de l'élaboration d'applications adaptatives. Quatrièmement, nous proposons deux optimisations pour le raisonnement contextuel : la première adapte la localisation des taches de raisonnement en fonction du contexte, la seconde améliore le processus de maintenance incrémentale d'informations contextuelles<br>The Web of Things (WoT) takes place in a variety of application domains (e.g. homes, enterprises, industry, healthcare, city, agriculture...). It builds a Web-based uniform layer on top of the Internet of Things (IoT) to overcome the heterogeneity of protocols present in the IoT networks. WoT applications provide added value by combining access to connected objects and external data sources, as well as standard-based reasoning (RDF-S, OWL 2) to allow for interpretation and manipulation of gathered data as contextual information. Contextual information is then exploited to allow these applications to adapt their components to changes in their environment. Yet, contextual adaptation is a major challenge for theWoT. Existing adaptation solutions are either tightly coupled with their application domains (as they rely on domain-specific context models) or offered as standalone software components that hardly fit inWeb-based and semantic architectures. This leads to integration, performance and maintainability problems. In this thesis, we propose a multi-purpose contextual adaptation solution for WoT applications that addresses usability, flexibility, relevance, and performance issues in such applications. Our work is based on a smart agriculture scenario running inside the avatar-based platformASAWoO. First,we provide a generic context meta-model to build standard, interoperable et reusable context models. Second, we present a context lifecycle and a contextual adaptation workflow that provide parallel raw data semantization and contextualization at runtime, using heterogeneous sources (expert knowledge, device documentation, sensors,Web services, etc.). Third, we present a situation-driven adaptation rule design and generation at design time that eases experts and WoT application designers’ work. Fourth, we provide two optimizations of contextual reasoning for theWeb: the first adapts the location of reasoning tasks depending on the context, and the second improves incremental maintenance of contextual information