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1
Uglava, Diana. "ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING ISSUES OF PENSION FUNDS IN GEORGIA." Economic Profile 18, no. 1(25) (July 15, 2023): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2023.25.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Georgia, A pension fund includes pension contributions made by employers, employees, the government, as well as any investment returns, gains or losses accrued on pension assets. The amount of accumulated funds depends on the amount of individual contributions, the profit of the fund and the number of participants. The pension system is a source of long-term financial resources, which contributes to the development of the capital market, the latter having a positive effect on the country's economy. Implementation a private pension system in our country is the most optimal decision, which will improve the long-term pension provision of pensioners. Countries in a situation similar to Georgia do not have to invent any radical innovations in the mentioned field, because European countries have a rich and diverse experience in the development of the social sphere. Sharing their experience is enough to develop your own model and successfully implement it in practice. Due to the great importance of pension funds, their accounting and reporting were included in the international accounting standards from the beginning. The first standard to regulate pension accounting with international practice - Statement of Standard Accounting Practice (SSAP) 24 - was created in Great Britain, which was launched in 1988 and remained for 12 years. The present value of the expected future payments under the pension program can be calculated and presented based on the current salary level, or on the basis of the projected salary level of the plan participants covering their entire period of service until retirement. In many countries, actuarial valuations are carried out at least every three years. If the actuarial valuations are not ready by the reporting date, the actuarial valuations of the nearest period are used as the base of the calculations and the valuation date is indicated. The management of pension funds are responsible for preparing and submitting financial statements of these funds. The government of the pension agency in Georgia are: the director, the supervisory board, the investment board and the senior investment officer. The director's responsibility is to ensure the continued operation and management of the agency. Pension Agency of Georgia presented the interim financial statements of the accumulative pension scheme as of June 30, 2022 and 2021, which include: financial statement; Statement of changes in net assets and explanatory notes to financial statements. The presented financial statements are prepared in full compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"): IAS 26 - Accounting and Reporting for Pension Programs. The approved budget of the pension fund for 2022 amounts to 8,115 million GEL, which is financed by the annual service fee of pension assets, within the scope of the powers granted by the law. 65% of the budget is intended for agency management and administrative activities, and 35% for investment activities. This indicates that the management and administrative costs of the agency are presented in a large volume. It is necessary to increase investment assets at the expense of reducing them, which will contribute to the increase in profitability. Thus, it is essential that pension fund accounting reflects the long-term nature of pension liabilities and assets. They need to be reflected in order to assess the pension provision of the participants. Pension liabilities evolve over time, accounting standards use a mixed model approach, and therefore it is necessary to choose a model in which pension assets and pension liabilities are accounted for consistently. For accounting recognition, the plan value of the assets must be reduced to reflect the long-term pension liability. If pension assets are accounted for on the basis of discounted cash flows, this implies that the long-term nature of the investment planned to meet the pension obligation is accounted for in the same systematic manner as pension liabilities.
2
Novikova, Viktoriya, and Svetlana Ispulova. "Professional Training of Specialists in Social Work: Traditions and Innovations." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2007-07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article deals with the system of professional training of social sphere specialists. The authors identified the specifics of training personnel in social service institutions in Russia, France, Great Britain, the United States, and Japan. The results of the conducted empirical research, as well as recommendations for improving the professional training of social professionals, are of interest.
3
Gosetti, Giorgio. "Elementi per l'analisi di un altro modo di intendere e agire l'economico." SOCIOLOGIA DEL LAVORO, no. 113 (July 2009): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sl2009-113009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
- Social enterprise and health care in contemporary Great Britain: a new way forward? The essay focuses on the relationship between social enterprises and the health care service in contemporary Great Britain. After highlighting the characteristics of health care and the role of the third sector, also by means of past experiences, the authors underline the specificities of the two models which currently characterize the relationship between organizations of the third sector and the state: the one which presents the third sector as a relationship between centre (state) - periphery (third sector), a relationship of substantial dependency, and the one which underlines relationships of cooperation and social enterprises as a radical alternative to the relationship of dependence between the local state and the third sector.
4
Vlachantoni, Athina, Zhixin Feng, Ning Wang, and Maria Evandrou. "Social Participation and Health Outcomes Among Caregivers and Noncaregivers in Great Britain." Journal of Applied Gerontology 39, no. 12 (November 6, 2019): 1313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464819885528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the relationship between social participation and health outcomes between caregivers and noncaregivers in Great Britain. Previous studies indicate that the impact of informal caregiving on the carer’s health is complex, and the intensity of care provision has an adverse impact on the caregivers’ health, while social participation could have a protective role in this respect. Using qualitative and quantitative data from Wave 8 of the 1958 National Child Development Study, the analysis shows that social participation has a positive effect on the carers’ mental health and subjective well-being. Individuals who did not engage in social participation reported lower levels of mental health and control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure (CASP) scores than those engaged in social participation. The qualitative results showed the barriers to social participation of caregivers to be time, energy, and finance. We discuss ways in which the government could address such barriers to improve the level of social participation among caregivers.
5
Cory, Michael John. "Connecting users to trusted geospatial information for Europe." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-52-2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In recent years, we have seen an explosion in location-based services. Whether it is maps, cadastral data or land registration, geospatial information is driving applications to realise social, economic and environmental benefits for us all. Yet in the age of ‘Big Data’ and the ‘Internet of Things’, how can we know which data sources are reliable and how easy is it to find accurate, high-quality and detailed information that we can trust? Knowing that reliable sources exist, and where to obtain them, is essential for governments and those making critical decisions that affect all our lives.</p><p> As the official bodies responsible for national cadastre, land registration, geodetic surveying and mapping activities in Europe, European national mapping and cadastral agencies (NMCAs) fulfil an essential role providing definitive and detailed geospatial information. In an ever-changing world, NMCAs play an important and often critical role in helping to address the key global and regional issues that affect society, such as climate change, sustainable development, a digital economy, migration, security and health. With these challenges extending beyond national borders, society now expects a borderless digital economy and property market, as well as fully connected national databases for stronger cross-border emergency planning and environmental monitoring.</p><p> As their membership association, EuroGeographics is committed to supporting European NMCAs as they improve access to their rich source of trusted, authoritative geospatial information.</p><p> EuroGeographics is an independent international not-for-profit organisation representing Europe’s National Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authorities. We believe in a society empowered by the use of trusted geospatial services from these official national sources. EuroGeographics strength lies in our extensive membership and we are proud to represent more than 60 organisations from 46 countries covering the whole of geographical Europe. We deliver benefits for each regardless of the geographical, technical, political, organisational, linguistic and business parameters in which they work. We support the public good by representing our members’ interests, maintaining networks that help our members improve their capabilities and role, and by facilitating access to and use of our members’ geospatial data and services.</p><p> EuroGeographics’ has the strategic objective of facilitating access to our members’ authoritative data for international users of harmonised, pan-European, geospatial information and services. It coordinates the compilation and production of pan-European datasets, and has been active in exploring the development of online services. The Open European Location Services (Open ELS) project has developed services to demonstrate and test the level of interest in pan-European authoritative geospatial information. EuroGeographics has coordinated this two-year project which was co-financed by the European Union’s Connecting Europe Facility working with partners from member organisations in Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden and The Netherlands. The Project has focused on facilitating access to, and encouraging the take up and use of this information, and is strongly user orientated with a programme of activities to support the digital economy.</p><p> As well as test services, an Open ELS data policy has been developed which applies only to the geospatial pan-European data and services developed and maintained by EuroGeographics and its members through the Open ELS Project. The Policy was drafted using research which revealed the scope of open geospatial data from official national sources across Europe, and revealed the diversity of policy, business and legal approaches across Europe to what is ‘open’ data.</p><p> Additional research, carried out by Deloitte and EuroGeographics, found that small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe have a strong appetite for more cross-border authoritative data which could help them improve their product and service offerings, save money and become more competitive. The research highlighted four potential benefits from providing harmonised single access to pan-European geospatial information: The possibility to improve existing products and services offering; the possibility to develop new products and services; the reduced time and costs of dealing with different national mapping and cadastral agencies; and the reduced time and costs for acquiring and accessing data.</p><p> Key findings from these research activities will be presented, along with an outline of the project, and what it has achieved.</p>
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Jones, Jonathan, and Colin Wren. "Does Service FDI Locate Differently to Manufacturing FDI? A Regional Analysis for Great Britain." Regional Studies 50, no. 12 (March 5, 2015): 1980–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1009434.
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Schlosser, Stephan, Daniele Toninelli, and Michela Cameletti. "Comparing Methods to Collect and Geolocate Tweets in Great Britain." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the era of Big Data, the Internet has become one of the main data sources: Data can be collected for relatively low costs and can be used for a wide range of purposes. To be able to timely support solid decisions in any field, it is essential to increase data production efficiency, data accuracy, and reliability. In this framework, our paper aims at identifying an optimized and flexible method to collect and, at the same time, geolocate social media information over a whole country. In particular, the target of this paper is to compare three alternative methods to collect data from the social media Twitter. This is achieved considering four main comparison criteria: Collection time, dataset size, pre-processing phase load, and geographic distribution. Our findings regarding Great Britain identify one of these methods as the best option, since it is able to collect both the highest number of tweets per hour and the highest percentage of unique tweets per hour. Furthermore, this method reduces the computational effort needed to pre-process the collected tweets (e.g., showing the lowest collection times and the lowest number of duplicates within the geographical areas) and enhances the territorial coverage (if compared to the population distribution). At the same time, the effort required to set up this method is feasible and less prone to the arbitrary decisions of the researcher.
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Karužaitė, Daiva. "Higher Education Changes in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries." Pedagogika 117, no. 1 (March 5, 2015): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2015.064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article reveals development and essential changes of higher education in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries.
During last century Great Britain higher education system has changed dramatically – from elite higher education in the beginning of XX century, which was available for very small part of society, to mass higher education with variety of institutions and education programs. Nowadays there is almost half of Great Britain population (of certain age group) obtaining higher education certificate or diploma.
The junction of XX and XXI centuries was signed with significant shift in the gender structure of higher education students: more women obtained fist university degree than men. Ten years later the same was recorded in higher degrees.
The intense change of Great Britain higher education from elite to mass inevitably influenced the higher education finance sector. Great Britain used to cover all expenses of higher education from the budget. However, the financial crises occurred in the last decade of XX century, and the government was forced to seek for new financing models of higher education. First time in Great Britain higher education history the tuition fee was introduced. Striving to ensure the higher education accessibility for all social groups in Great Britain, the tuition fees were complemented with the grants and loans with special repayment (or without) conditions. Nevertheless, the financial reform, started in 1998, already was changed several times and has raised lots of critics.
Along with the financial reform Great Britain deals with the higher education quality issues. There was no essential discussions about higher education quality in the beginning of the XX century as it was elite higher education. Moving to the mass higher education with variety of institutions and dramatically growing student number, the quality question becomes relevant. Despite the owning the largest number of worldwide level elite universities in Europe, Great Britain seeks to ensure the quality in all higher education institutions in the country. Therefore the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education was established. The Agency puts students and the public interest at the center of everything they do. Great Britain higher education quality policy is implemented basing on the Quality Code for Higher Education.
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Kahr, Brett. "“How to Cure Family Disturbance”: Enid Balint and the Creation of Couple Psychoanalysis – Twenty-first Enid Balint Memorial Lecture 2016." Couple and Family Psychoanalysis 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/cfp.v7n1.2017.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1946, Enid Eichholz (the future Enid Balint) established the very first psychotherapeutic service for the treatment of marital distress in Great Britain. Assisted by supportive colleagues from the Tavistock Clinic and the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, Mrs Eichholz's Family Discussion Bureaux soon became incorporated into the Tavistock family, and ultimately developed into the organisation now known as Tavistock Relationships, part of the Tavistock Institute of Medical Psychology. In this essay, based extensively on unpublished archival sources, the author traces the history of the couple psychoanalytic movement in Great Britain, exploring the ways in which Enid Eichholz Balint forged important collaborative partnerships, set against the backdrop of a progressive post-World War social democratic government, in order to create a new paradigm in mental health provision.
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Grabia, Tomasz. "Public finance of the major economies of the European countries." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 60, no. 4 (April 28, 2015): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0853.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the article is to compare the situation of public finance in the twelve largest European economies, i.e. Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Poland, Belgium and Austria. In addition to debt and budget balance indicators the author analyzes social and public expenditure and total budgetary revenues indicators, as well as revenues from property and income taxes as well as the related to production and imports. The key determinants of a Europe-wide trend of permanent increase in borrowing countries are indicated, too.
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Pettingill, Bernard. "Why Orthopedic Surgery for Elderly Indicates that the Maryland Total Cost of Care Model should be Universally Adopted." Journal of Health Care and Research 2, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2021/hcr.6190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arthritis is the disease that kills the fewest but cripples the most. With the aging of the population in the United States and the antiquated DRG reimbursement system for hospital surgical intervention, it is inevitable that the Medicare assistant will bankrupt itself prior to the proposed bankruptcy date of 2026 if changes are not made. It may change would be to insist that the system in Maryland for reimbursement to hospitals for essential joint replacement surgery of the elderly be adapted nationwide. Medicaid expenditures are driven by a variety of factors, including the demand for care, the complexity of medical services provided, medical inflation, and life expectancy. The Medicare program has two separate trust funds – the Hospital Insurance (HI) Trust Fund and the Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Fund. Under the Hospital Insurance Trust, payroll taxes from workers and their employers go towards paying for the Part A benefits for today’s Medicare beneficiaries. In 2019, Medicare provided benefits to over 60 million elderly patients at an estimated cost of $796 billion [1]. While excluding the significant decrease in payroll taxes during the COVID-19 pandemic, the latest 2020 projections calculate Medicare Hospital Trust insolvency by 2026 [2]. The 2020 report declared that funds would be sufficient to pay for only 90 percent of Part A expenses at the time of this writing. Since inception, the Hospital Insurance Trust has never been insolvent, because there are no provisions in the Social Security Act that govern what would happen if insolvency were to occur. Ten of the last twelve years have witnessed expenditure outflows outpacing the Hospital Insurance Trust inflows, resulting in total Medicare spending obligations outpacing the increasing demands on the federal budget, as the number of elderly beneficiaries and the per capita health care costs continue to grow [2]. One of the principal goals of the following study is to determine how elderly patients, who often suffer from acute stages of arthritis and other orthopedic diseases, due in part to wear and tear, can continue to demand surgical intervention, in particular joint replacement surgery. Arthritis has been described as the disease that kills the fewest but cripples the most. With that in mind, the hospital systems ability to absorb the ever increasing number of elderly patients who demand joint replacement surgeries will continue to outstrip supply. The principal author of this study completed his PhD dissertation at the University of Manchester in 1977 by measuring the cost-benefit analysis of the treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis in Great Britain. Therefore, the author of this study aims to show the only reasonable method of payment for the imminent immeasurable demand for treatment for the elderly for age related diseases such as joint replacement surgery [3]. A recent Journal of Rheumatology article projects Medicare will finance approximately 2.67 million joint replacement surgeries by 2035, plus an additional 2.35 million joint replacement surgeries by the year 2040 [4]. The author believes that the current nationwide Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs) system that helps determine how much Medicare pays the hospital for each “product” needs to be phased out as soon as possible. Our research shows that prior to Medicare implementing the DRGs payment system, Maryland proved that their total cost model of state-wide rewards and penalties compensated “efficient and effective” hospitals, providing care as defined by metrics set up by the Health Services Cost Review Commission (HSCRC). The Maryland legislature granted this independent government agency the broad powers to insulate the HSCRC from conflicts of interests, regulatory capture, and political meddling in the long term. In exchange, the HSCRC had the freedom to design a system that must deliver on three areas: cost reduction of hospital services, health improvement for all Maryland residents, and quality of life care improvements. Since inception of the HSCRC, all stakeholders are legally required to comply with robust auditing and data-submission requirements that allow the agency to collect data on the costs, patient volume, and financial condition of all inpatient, hospital-based outpatient, and emergency services in Maryland. This level of transparency allows the agency to set prices for hospital services, and hospitals must obey because it is Maryland law. Because of this methodology, HSCRC-approved average Maryland hospital markups ranged from 18 percent in 1980 to only 22 percent in 2008. During that same period, the average hospital markup nationally skyrocketed from 20 percent in 1980 to more than 187 percent in 2008 [5]. This strong evidence is the primary reason why the HSCRC has continued to receive a federal waiver from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, which requires both Medicare and Medicaid to pay the HSCRC-approved rates statewide. No discounts are given because of volume, nor any shifting of costs to other payers. There is a mandate: same price for the same service at the same hospital, no exceptions. Adjustments for uncompensated medical care are automatically bundled into the HSCRC-approved rates, as thus, this financial burden is shared by all hospitals in Maryland. This article explores the important milestones taken by the state of Maryland and how the lessons learned are responsible for the impressive results of their program today. This author believes that by applying the Maryland Total Cost of Care Model (Maryland TCOC Model) nationwide will yield financial savings of at least $227 billion by 2035, plus another $280 billion by 2040, exclusively from joint replacement surgeries reimbursed at HSCRC-approved rates and not any other method.
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Zaidi, Asghar, Joachim R. Frick, and Felix Büchel. "Income Risks within Retirement in Great Britain and Germany." Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch 123, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/schm.123.1.163.
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Nagorna, Olga. "Socio-Pedagogical Portrait of a Master’s Degree Student in International Arbitration: Experience of Great Britain." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2016-0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract International arbitration as the efficient means of alternative dispute resolution has become, due to globalization, a highly specialised service rendered by professionals. Master’s degree program (LLM) completion enables those interested to become competent and competitive specialists in arbitration on the international arena. Great Britain has accumulated broad practical experience in organizing professional training in the field of international arbitration. Many leading British universities offer prospective students Master’s programs in this speciality, encouraging all comers, even those with the initial non-legal background. Basic competences of LLM graduates in international arbitration (systemic competences, professional instrumental competences, professional social and personal competences) have been identified and clarified on the basis of relevant sources analysis. Professionally important knowledge, abilities and skills have been generalized and explained. For instance, an international arbitration LLM graduate is obliged to possess communicative and social skills, cognitive abilities and skills in the subject area, must be competent in English law, etc.
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Mtesa, Love. "Commentary: Developing Countries Perspective on Agricultural Liberalization." Global Economy Journal 5, no. 4 (December 7, 2005): 1850053. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1140.
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A commentary on Patrick Messerlin's article, "Agricultural Trade Liberalization." Love Mtesa is Zambian Ambassador to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva, including the WTO. He is the Coordinator for the Least Developed Countries at the Ambassadorial level. Ambassador Mtesa joined the Zambian Foreign Service in 1966 and later served [in]: Kinshasa, Congo; Addis Ababa, Ethiopa; as Director of the African and Middle East Department in the Zambian Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Harare, Zimbabwe; as Zambia’s Permanent Representative at the United Nations in New York; and as Zambian Ambassador to Great Britain and other European nations. He has also been active in opposition politics in Zambia for a number of years.
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Carpenter, P. K. "Should there be a Faculty of Learning Disability Psychiatry?" Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 3 (March 2002): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.3.83.
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Does the completion of the closure of the old ‘mental deficiency’ hospitals in Great Britain mean that the relevance of learning disability as a major sub-speciality of psychiatry has been lost? In the past 10 or 20 years many non-psychiatrists, including service users, have blamed learning disability specialist psychiatrists for these hospitals and for many of the adverse social effects of being labelled as having a learning difficulty. With the new White Paper, Valuing People (Department of Health, 2001), is the role of the Faculty changing?
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Funke, Michael, Sabine Wadewitz, and Dirk Willenbockel. "Tobin’s Q and Sectoral Investment in West Germany and Great Britain." Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch 109, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 399–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/schm.109.3.399.
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Miller, Frances H. "Medical Malpractice Litigation: Do the British Have a Better Remedy?" American Journal of Law & Medicine 11, no. 4 (1986): 433–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800006742.
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AbstractMedical malpractice claims are filed nearly ten times more frequently in America than they are in Great Britain. British patients generally adopt a less adversarial stance toward medical malpractice than do American patients. This Article examines the British malpractice system, as compared with the American system, and explores the differences between the two, in terms of costs and fees, liability rules, statutory provisions, and judicial attitudes toward malpractice litigation. The Article also discusses British social and institutional factors, such as the “taint” of litigation and the National Health Service, and evaluates how these factors affect British malpractice litigation. The Article presents the alternative forums available to British patients in seeking satisfaction for their medical service complaints. The Article concludes with an evaluation of how these factors achieve the three societal objectives of malpractice litigation: reparation, emotional vindication and deterrence.
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Mayblin, Lucy. "Asylum, welfare and work: reflections on research in asylum and refugee studies." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 34, no. 5/6 (June 3, 2014): 375–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-11-2013-0113.
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Purpose – Over the past 30 years asylum has become an issue of great political significance, public interest and media coverage in most “Western” countries. Policies and laws designed to deal with asylum seekers have proliferated, as have the resources required to manage them. These developments have come as a result of the rise of asylum as a social, political and economic “problem” which is seen to necessitate urgent action. Within this context, some countries, such as Britain, have sought to limit asylum seekers’ social and economic rights. In Britain specifically this has involved making paid employment illegal for asylum seekers, and in the process making the government liable for the living costs of such individuals – creating a situation of forced welfare dependency. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides a review of research into work and welfare policy relating to asylum seekers in Britain. The paper focuses particularly on three key issues which are affected by asylum policies relating to work and welfare. These have all received particular scholarly attention in recent years: destitution, illegal working and forced labour, and the impact on integration outcomes. Findings – In the final section the author proposes some directions for future research. Originality/value – The review is, of course, not exhaustive, but does provide an overview of key themes in the literature and should be of interest to scholars interested in the politics, sociology and social policy of asylum.
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Kreyenfeld, Michaela, and Cordula Zabel. "Female Education and the Second Child: Great Britain and Western Germany Compared." Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch 125, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/schm.125.1.145.
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Purwanto, Purwanto, and Tri Wulandari. "FAKTOR DETERMINASI LOYALITAS PELANGGAN PT. VERENA MULTI FINANCE Tbk CABANG CIKARANG, BEKASI." MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial 8, no. 1 (February 22, 2024): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v8i1.8846.
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This study aims to identify the effect of corporate image, service quality, promotion, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty of PT Verena Multi Finance Tbk. Quantitative methods were used to analyze data with the help of SmartPLS 3 software. A survey of 311 respondents was selected using random sampling technique. The results of the study showed that company image had no significant effect on satisfaction, while service quality and promotion had a significant effect on satisfaction. Company image and service quality have insignificant influence on loyalty. Promotion and customer satisfaction have a strong influence on loyalty. Customer satisfaction as an intervening variable can fully mediate the effect of service quality on loyalty. Customer satisfaction is not the right mediation for image and promotion in increasing customer loyalty. Corporate image is the lowest factor in an effort to increase customer loyalty, companies need to improve marketing communications, especially in social media related to reputation in the community including product differentiation. Service quality has a great effect on customer satisfaction, so it needs to be maintained in meeting customer expectations through training. Customer satisfaction also has a significant effect that must be maintained.
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Sbârcea, Loana, and Cristina Bătuşaru. "European Banking System - Before and After Brexit -." Studies in Business and Economics 16, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 218–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2021-0035.
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Abstract The history of the last 15 years has been marked by many events at European level, some which led to the last wave of EU enlargement in 2013, with the accession of Croatia, others that led European authorities to take radical action in order to overcome the crisis of 2007-2008, and recently the pandemic crisis of 2020, and the others that marked the first contraction of the European Union since its establishment, together with the decision of Great Britain to no longer be part of the European Union, a phenomenon known as Brexit. Starting from the important role that Great Britain played in the European Union, London being a famous financial and banking center, through this paper we propose to analyze the evolution of the banking system before and after Brexit, in order to highlight the impact that the Brits’ decision had on the European Union banking system. The broad context of the impact of Brexit on the European banking system, which has effects on both British and EU banks, will also be analyzed in this paper.
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Fernandes, Eduardo da Silva, Inês Hexsel Grochau, and Carla Schwengber Ten Caten. "Impact Investing: Determinants of External Financing of Social Enterprises in Brazil." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (August 3, 2023): 11935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511935.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social impact investing and social entrepreneurship have great potential for solving global problems. However, practitioners and researchers know little about the entrepreneurial process and the investors’ criteria. Therefore, we identify the determinants of access to external finance for social enterprises in an emerging economy using a quantitative approach in a large sample (N = 601). We found that impact sector, business model, entrepreneurial support, development stage, and the adoption of technologies impact access to finance by social enterprises. We also show that green technologies have greater funding access than other enterprises and that social impact investors are more aware of environmental issues and less concerned with financial returns. To raise more funding, we suggest that social entrepreneurs include environmental issues in their business, quickly validate their idea, add an intermediary company between the enterprise and the consumer, seek the support of incubators or accelerators, and adopt emerging technologies in the product or service offered.
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Wu, Xiaoyu, and Kui Zhu. "The Gurkhas and Great Inequalities in Their Lives." Asian Social Science 13, no. 9 (August 24, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n9p119.
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The Nepalese Gurkhas have been in military service for the British more than 200 years and played an important role not only in helping the British exert its control over its colonials or protectorates, but also in securing some countries or keeping the world peace. However, these Gurkhas have not enjoyed their rights because of their unique identity. Therefore, this paper begins with the history of the Gurkha regiment, the martial race theory as well as the racist ideas on the Gurkhas. Then it turns to the great inequalities that the Gurkhas have experienced during their military service and after their retirement as well as in law & British court. Finally, it briefly covers reasons for Gurkhas’ inequalities and ways to eliminate the inequalities.
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Sang, Nguyen Van, Le Thanh Nam, and Luu Trang. "Independent or Annexation: The Texas Issue in the British-American Relations (1836 - 1846)." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 10, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0134.
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This article presents the annexation of Texas in the relations between Great Britain and the United States from 1836 to 1846. The first part presents an overview of the territory, history of exploration and development of Texas from the early stages of history until the formation of the republic in 1836. The next section of the article refers to the interests of Great Britain and the United States in Texas. The final section provides the British-American diplomacy from 1836 to 1846 on the annexation of Texas. On the basis of the exploitation of correspondences, treaties and other material sources, the article contributes to clarifying the Anglo-American relations relating to the annexation of Texas and the expansion history of the United States during the first half of the XIX century. Received: 3 June 2021 / Accepted: 19 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
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Carlsson, Moa. "Computing views, remodeling environments." Social Studies of Science 52, no. 2 (October 6, 2021): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03063127211048943.
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This article traces the development and expansion of early computer systems for analyzing views at three state-owned agencies in the United States and Great Britain: the US Forest Service, the Central Electricity Generating Board of England and Wales, and the Greater London Authority. Following the technology over four decades, from 1968 to 2012, the article traces assumptions incorporated into initial programs and propagated through to the present. These programs were designed to address questions about visual environments and proximities by numerical calculations alone, without the need for field observations. Each historical episode provides unique insights into the role of abstraction and calculation in the production of landscapes and the built environment, and shows how computer-generated view data became an important currency in planning control, not primarily for aesthetic but for financial and political reasons.
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Grieves, Keith. "Common Meeting Places and the Brightening of Rural Life: Local Debates on Village Halls in Sussex after the First World War." Rural History 10, no. 2 (October 1999): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300001771.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the burgeoning literature on war memorials and the commemoration of the war dead in Britain after 1918, the growth of village halls in rural areas has not been extensively analysed. K.S. Inglis has alerted us to the dichotomy of monuments to mourn the dead and amenities to serve the living. He noted that where a preference was made for utility over monumentality, local war memorial committees did not confine their attention to commemorating those who died on active service and made the Great Sacrifice, but also had in mind those who served and returned. The complex locally-determined processes of negotiating ways which would bring solace or comfort to the bereaved, through the creation of an object of mourning, has been examined with great care and detail, but analysis of urban-centred initiatives predominates.Consequently, the linkage which might be made between the experience of war and the participation of ex-servicemen in village war memorial debates, the demise of old elites and the quest for improved social and material conditions in rural areas, the diminishing support for parish churches as the focal point of community life and the emergence of undenominational social centres, all point towards the need for further examination of the proceedings of local committees, where parish records allow. As British participation in the Great War contained the powerful rhetoric of a religious crusade and was not connected to the improvement of social conditions until the publication of war aims in January 1918, many committees gave priority to the creation of sacred objects of mourning, with much use of exhortatory moral language and Christian iconography.
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Burkhauser, Richard V., Takashi Oshio, and Ludmila Rovba. "Winners and Losers over the 1990s Business Cycles in Germany, Great Britain, Japan, and the United States." Journal of Contextual Economics – Schmollers Jahrbuch 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/schm.127.1.75.
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Stulczewski, Jarosław. "Tadeusz Marian Kobusiewicz (1905–1979) – wybitny profesor weterynarii, kapitan WP, założyciel Zakładu Pryszczycy Państwowego Instytutu Weterynaryjnego." Biuletyn Szadkowski 12 (December 30, 2012): 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1643-0700.12.04.
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Tadeusz Marian Kobusiewicz - eminent professor in veterinary medicine, captain of the Polish Army, was bom in Szadek. He eamed doctor's degree in Warsaw in 1934, then served intemship in Great Britain in 1939, and in Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1945. In 1951 he became head of the Institute for Research on Foot-and-Mouth Desease in Gorzów Welkopolski, and in 1953 set up in Zduńska Wola a Foot-and-Mouth Desease Section of the Veterinary Medicine Institute. He was a dedicated social worker, actively engaged in sports promotion, chairman of the Łódź Section of Veterinary Doctors and Technicians Association, and councillor in Zduńska Wola. T. M. Kobusiewicz was the first Polish veterinary doctor to successively immunize against tenatus all horses in the Polish Army. He was the best in Poland specialist on the foot-and-mouth desease, who provided scientific foundations for prevention and cure of this desease. In recognition of his merits he was awarded I Class Order of the Banner of Labour. Died in 1979. One of the streets in Zduńska Wola was given his name.
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Scott, Jan. "Homelessness and Mental Illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 3 (March 1993): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.3.314.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Great Britain 1–2 million people may be homeless. Most homeless people are men, but about 10–25% are women, of whom about half are accompanied by children. Significant mental illness is present in 30–50% of the homeless: functional psychoses predominate; acute distress and personality dysfunction are also prevalent. Co-morbidity of mental illness and substance abuse occurs in 20%, and physical morbidity rates exceed those of domiciled populations. The homeless mentally ill also have many social needs. Pathways to homelessness are complex; deinstitutionalisation may be only one possible cause of the increase in the number of homeless people. There is much recent research estimating the extent of mental illness and the characteristics of selected subgroups of accessible homeless people. The evaluation of potential service solutions has received less attention. This review outlines the research, highlights current views on the definition and classification of homeless populations, and offers some guidelines on avenues which need to be explored.
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LYNCH, FRANCES M. B. "FINANCE AND WELFARE: THE IMPACT OF TWO WORLD WARS ON DOMESTIC POLICY IN FRANCE." Historical Journal 49, no. 2 (June 2006): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005371.
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Fathers, families, and the state in France, 1914–1945. By Kristen Stromberg Childers. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2003. Pp. 261. ISBN 0-8014-4122-6. £23.95.Origins of the French welfare state: the struggle for social reform in France, 1914–1947. By Paul V. Dutton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. 251. ISBN 0-521-81334-4. £49.99.Britain, France, and the financing of the First World War. By Martin Horn. Montreal and Kingston: McGill – Queen's University Press, 2002. Pp. 249. ISBN 0-7735-2293-X. £65.00.The gold standard illusion: France, the Bank of France and the International Gold Standard, 1914–1939. By Kenneth Mouré. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Pp. 297. ISBN 0-19-924904-0. £40.00.Workers' participation in post-Liberation France. By Adam Steinhouse. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2001. Pp. 245. ISBN 0-7391-0282-6. $70.00 (hb). ISBN 0-7391-0283-4. $24.95 (pbk).In the traditional historiography of twentieth-century France the period after the Second World War is usually contrasted favourably with that after 1918. After 1945, new men with new ideas, born out of the shock of defeat in 1940 and resistance to Nazi occupation, laid the basis for an economic and social democracy. The welfare state was created, women were given full voting rights, and French security, in both economic and territorial respects, was partially guaranteed by integrating West Germany into a new supranational institutional structure in Western Europe. 1945 was to mark the beginning of the ‘30 glorious years’ of peace and prosperity enjoyed by an expanding population in France. In sharp contrast, the years after 1918 are characterized as a period dominated by France's failed attempts to restore its status as a great power. Policies based on making the German taxpayer finance France's restoration are blamed for contributing to the great depression after 1929 and the rise of Hitler. However, as more research is carried out into the social and economic reconstruction of France after both world wars, it is becoming clear that the basis of what was to become the welfare state after 1945 was laid in the aftermath of the First World War. On the other hand, new reforms adopted in 1945 which did not build on interwar policies, such as those designed to give workers a voice in decision-making at the workplace, proved to be short-lived.
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Ludlam, Steve. "The Gnomes of Washington: Four Myths of the 1976 IMF Crisis." Political Studies 40, no. 4 (December 1992): 713–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1992.tb01794.x.
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The IMF settlement of December 1976 looms large in popular and partisan views of the politics of the 1970s. It is argued here that conventional academic wisdom has come to embody several misleading myths about its impact on economic policy. Evidence is presented to challenge four such myths which suggest that the IMF forced the Labour government to launch an attack on public spending, introduce cash limits to control public spending, introduce monetary targets and abandon the pursuit of full employment through demand management. Although the language of the [IMF] negotiations reflected the arcane terms of international finance … the decisions required of the British Government were profoundly political … behind the technical financial decisions lay fundamental differences over the appropriate balance between the private and public sectors, the priority between capital accumulation and social welfare, the relative weight to be given to incentives and equality … What was at issue was the future shape of the political economy of Great Britain.1
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Dziuba, Dariusz T. "Initiatives to implement and use Crowdfunding Platforms in the Banks of UK, Italy and other European Countries." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 10, no. 2 (March 25, 2022): 07–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2022.1022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose of the study: The presented publication separates the market segment of online crowdfunding, which is implemented in banks or used for their needs in European countries.
Methodology: Crowdfunding platforms were identified and the statistics they provide for raising capital in individual banks in European countries. In particular, such implementations were characterized in Italy, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium and other countries, including Central and Eastern Europe.
Main Findings: The considerations managed to distinguish the market segment of banking crowdfunding in the analyzed countries. The results of the research also allowed to estimate the size of this segment across the European continent (at least 229 crowdfunding initiatives in banks were identified, generating an amount of over EUR 5.4 billion).
Applications of the study: The considerations relate to several scientific fields, including economics and finance, or business informatics.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The article separates and measures the market segment of banking crowdfunding on the European continent, which limits the research gap in the scientific literature in this area.
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Zhu, Xiaozhou. "Analysis and Proposals on the Poverty Reduction Effect of Inclusive Finance in China's Counties." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2023): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v8i1.5838.
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Poverty has long been an important issue in China's development, and the disparity between rich and poor in many families is obvious, which hinders the development process of China's economy and the stability of social development. Although China has implemented numerous poverty alleviation measures, poverty still plagues the daily lives of many families and hinders social progress, with a particular concentration of poor families in counties. The current policy of precise poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation is driven by county financial reform and innovation, while a variety of measures have been taken to rely on the financial industry to solve the problem of poverty in counties has become the current guiding direction for policy formulation and social development. Inclusive finance refers to a financial service system that will provide services to all segments of society (especially poor households) in a reasonable and diversified manner according to market standards so that all segments of society can benefit from financial information services. Therefore, county government departments should give full play to the poverty reduction role of inclusive finance, increase investment in education, optimize industrial structure, promote economic growth, reasonably allocate fiscal expenditure, optimize financial infrastructure construction in rural areas, alleviate relative poverty and interrupt return to poverty, fully implement rural revitalization, and thus achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
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Balashov, Іvan, Oksana Evsyukova, Nataliia Obushna, Serhii Selivanov, and Serhii Teplov. "Modern Trends in Personnel Management in the Civil Service: An Overview of Innovative Practices and Features of Administrative and Legal Regulation." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, no. 4 (October 13, 2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.4.13-32.
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<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected all spheres of social-political life of the world community. As a result, there have been serious changes in the labour market, including the civil service. The labour market for civil servants is becoming increasingly complex, and new flexible technological solutions necessitate civil servants’ constant readiness for changes and lifelong learning. After all, the attribute of the new time is the quick-speed changes (we live in the mode “from slow to fast and faster”), both in terms of the amount of changes and in terms of the speed of their appearance. In such conditions, the civil service needs highly professional managers who are able to work to achieve expected results, apply European standards of public administration and develop effective public policy. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological and applied aspects of personnel management in the civil service, taking into account the progressive innovative world human resources practices and features of administrative and legal regulation in this area. The authors proved the feasibility and identified the features of the formation of the talent management system as a leading modern trend in the field of personnel management in the civil service, examined the development of a talent management system in the civil service with an applied innovative tool such as e-learning in the conditions of modern challenges, and reviewed the positive international practice of talent management in the civil service (on the example of the USA, Germany, France, Great Britain, Singapore and Japan). On this basis, the main trends in the formation of the talent management system in the civil service of Ukraine are identified and the specifics of its administrative and legal regulation are analyzed.</p>
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Wahyuni, Sandiani Sri, Sakinah Ilfi Nabilah, Khusnudin, and Guntur Kusuma Wardana. "Assessing Sustainable Development Goals Implementation in Pasuruan’s Great Disability House." Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting 23, no. 22 (October 26, 2023): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2023/v23i221135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable development is a form of achieving social justice for every generation that aims to support economic growth based on social and environmental development. Pasuruan City as one of the cities in Pasuruan Regency which forms a sustainable development program by presenting Great Disability House which was established to facilitate persons with disabilities in Pasuruan City to receive various skills training. The purpose of this study was to determine the goals of sustainable development at Great Disability Home based on OJK (Authority Service Finance) sustainable indicators, and the role of Great Disability House in the sustainable development of Pasuruan City. To conduct research related to these objectives, researchers used a mix-method approach, namely a quantitative method on the results of direct interviews with Great Disability House in Pasuruan City, and a qualitative method with an indicators of sustainable development goals in Indonesia study approach. The results of the study show that indicators of sustainable development can be identified as follows: (1) ecologically sustainable, through creating salable products through recycling both organic and inorganic waste; (2) economic sustainability, through good product marketing through an online sales platform where the output is able to prosper the members of Great Disability House; (3) socio cultural sustainability, through handmade craft products that reflect the local culture of Pasuruan City (4) sustainable politics, defense and security, through the creation of various types of products that do not oppose elements of SARA (Ethnicity, Religion, Race, and Inter-group), elements of political campaign means and elements of plagiarism.
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Levi, Michael. "Evaluating the ‘New Policing’: Attacking the Money Trail of Organized Crime." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 30, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589703000101.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After examining the growth of concern about organized crime, the article critically reviews the arguments advanced for focusing on the money trail as a strategy for combating it, suggesting that the amount of money laundered may be considerably less than that commonly assumed. It goes on to contrast the powerful imagery of ‘the new policing’ with the modesty of the impact of these measures on convictions and confiscated assets in Britain and Australia, and attempts to account for the low yield there compared with the US in terms of greater American concentration on financial and professional intermediaries and more draconian legislation. After discussing the debate over the involvement of the UK Security Service (MI5) in the ‘war against organized crime’ and technological developments in laundering detection, the article examines the tensions, (a) between high level policing on the one hand, and devolved police budgeting and community orientation on the other; and (b) in the attempt to regulate the social conscience of finance capital without making it impossible for them to make a profit.
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Stanziani, Alessandro. "The Legal Status of Labour from the Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Century: Russia in a Comparative European Perspective." International Review of Social History 54, no. 3 (December 2009): 359–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859009990307.
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SummarySince at least the eighteenth century, free labour in “the West” has been contrasted with serf labour in Russia and “eastern Europe”. This paper intends to call that view into question and to show that serfdom was never officially institutionalized in Russia, and that the regulations usually invoked to justify that opinion were actually intended not to “bind” the peasantry but to identify noble estate owners, as distinct from nobles in state service or the “bourgeoisie”. However, it is a matter not only of legal definitions. This paper studies how the tsarist administration, nobles, and peasants themselves made use of courts of law in order to contest ownership titles and, on that basis, the obligations and legal status of peasants and workers. Great changes had occurred in their legal status before the official abolition of serfdom in 1861, in outcomes that were rather similar to those which had been recently achieved in the “second serfdom” in Prussia, Lithuania, and Poland. In turn, that means that such labour contracts and institutions were not the opposites of “free labour” contracts and institutions, which placed many more constraints on workers than is usually acknowledged. To prove the point, we compare tsarist regulations with the Master and Servants Acts and indenture in Britain and its Empire and with French regulations on labour, domesticity, and day labourers.
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Raza Rabbani, Mustafa, Mahmood Asad Mohd. Ali, Habeeb Ur Rahiman, Mohd Atif, Zehra Zulfikar, and Yusra Naseem. "The Response of Islamic Financial Service to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Open Social Innovation of the Financial System." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010085.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Novel Coronavirus, also known as COVID-19, is a health emergency that is having an ever-growing impact on the global economy. COVID-19 has caused economic disruption at an unprecedented speed and scale. The economic costs it will bring to society can only be measured in times to come. Millions of people across the globe have already become unemployed, and similarly, millions of businesses have either shut down or are on the verge of collapse. It is a great challenge for policymakers to minimize the economic impact of COVID-19 and put the economy on a growth trajectory once again. Unfortunately, there is so far no country in the world that can be viewed as a role model for its economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study proposes Islamic finance as a potential tool to help affected economies safely pass through the economic crisis resulting from the pandemic. This study identifies a four-stage COVID-19 model and proposes ten innovative Islamic financial services for each stage of the pandemic. In addition, it analyzes how these services can be effectively utilized at different stages to overcome the economic damage caused by the pandemic.
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Yıldız, Özkan. "Globalisation, Health And Society." European Journal of Therapeutics 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58600/eurjther.2008-14-1-1355-arch.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Neo-liberalism includes every aspect of life to its own functioning conditions. During the last two decades, the gains of a welfare state, (i.e. health service, education and social security services) have been observed suffering from economic crisis. As a matter of fact that health services have subjected to the requirements of market economy, in addition to that government have decreased their budgets which have previously allocated to the health services. The prominent examples which leave health services in the hands of private marketing are the health services have been transferred to the market economy, the trend in private health care, the flexibility in laboring. As a result of these privatization policies, there have been great troubles in supplying health services as well as preventive health services. The present article investigates the probable influence of 'neo-liberal policies' on the health services.
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Ittmann, Karl. "Demography as Policy Science in the British Empire, 1918–1969." Journal of Policy History 15, no. 4 (October 2003): 417–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2003.0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1944, Robert Kuczynski, a demographer working with the Colonial Office, wrote a memo discussing plans for a postwar census of the British Empire. He called for the creation of a Colonial Demographic Service, arguing that Colonial Office programs “offer no guarantee of a decisive improvement unless there is an expert on the spot to make an effective use of these means.” Kuczynski's firm belief in the need for expert knowledge matched the growing willingness of the Colonial Office to call upon experts in a variety of fields to assist in the reshaping of colonial government. This article examines why demography came to be seen as useful for colonial governance in the interwar years and how officials attempted to make use of demographers and demographic information in the final years of the British Empire. At present, this topic falls between several existing literatures. Works by Richard Soloway, Daniel Kelves, and others document the domestic history of demography in Great Britain, particularly its involvement in debates over hereditarian views of population. At the international level, most recent studies deal with the United States and trace the origins of American support for programs of population control after 1945. Still another body of literature chronicles the unique nature of policy formation in Britain and its relationship with social science in the twentieth century. This article seeks to connect these literatures by focusing on the colonial and international role of British demography from the end of World War I to the postcolonial era of the 1960s.
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Nikitin, Dmitry S. "United Indian Patriotic Association versus Indian National Congress (1888–1893)." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 1 (2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080013036-6.
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The article examines the emergence of Anglo-Indian and Muslim opposition to the Indian National Congress (INC) in the second half of the 1880s – early 1890s. By 1887, Congress had lost the support of the Viceroy of India Dufferin, and it greatly influenced the formation of the anti-Congress movement. The social base of opposition to the Congress was formed by the most conservative parts of society – the Anglo-Indians (the British who permanently lived in India) and Indian Muslims. The center of the anti-Congress movement was the Aligarh College, and the leader was the Muslim educator and founder of the college, Syed Ahmad Khan. The movement received support from the Anglo-Indian press and colonial officials. In 1888, United Indian Patriotic Association was founded with the Muslim organizations of Upper India and the conservative Hindu aristocracy in its ranks. The Association believed that the Congress did not represent the interests of the entire Indian people, but only a narrow stratum of European educated Indians. The INC's proposals for the introduction of an elective element in legislative councils and simultaneous examinations for civil service in India and Great Britain were regarded as premature, threatening interests of Muslims and British rule in India. The main goal of the United Indian Patriotic Association was to counter the agitation of the INC in Great Britain, where the British Committee of the INC operated, by holding anti-Congress meetings and pamphleting. After the adoption of the Indian Councils Act of 1892, the leaders of the Association focused on protecting the interests of Indian Muslims, and this solution led to the dissolution of the United Indian Patriotic Association in 1893. The Association became one of the first organizations opposed to the INC and had a significant impact on strengthening the political activity of Indian Muslims. The emergence of Muslim opposition to INC in the second half of the 1880s. became an important factor in the political development of India and the national liberation movement in the first half of the XX century.
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Rosdiana, Rahma, Ersy Ervina, and Tito Pandu Raharjo. "Studi Komparasi Pengalaman Menginap Tamu pada Hotel Kabin Area Perkotaan dan Kawasan Wisata Kota Bandung." Al-Kharaj: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah 6, no. 4 (February 9, 2024): 4217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v6i4.929.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cabin and low budget hotels are in great demand today, both in urban areas and in tourist areas. Although much in demand, until now there has been no research that measures how the experience of staying in urban areas and tourist areas compares. This study aims to analyze the guest's stay experience at the cabin hotel by comparing the two objects so that it can be used as an evaluation for the cabin hotel management to further improve service quality in providing a good stay experience. The approach used in this study is descriptive quantitative with cross-tabulation data analysis (Crosstab) assisted by SPSS version 25.0 software. By measuring the stay experience based on customer experience indicators consisting of sensor experience, emotional experience, and social experience. In cabin hotels, the results of research felt by tourists show that the experience of staying at cabin hotels in urban areas is more dominant in the sensor experience indicator, while in tourist area cabin hotels it is more dominant in the emotional experience indicator. For future researchers, the researcher suggests adding other variables and taking samples with a wider scope to maximize the quality of services provided for a better and memorable stay experience. And provide training to staff in terms of superior service such as improving interpersonal skills and being responsive to guest needs.
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Glebova, A. G., A. A. Gilyadova, and E. A. Martakova. "The impact of Russia’s cooperation with the G7 countries in the sphere of trade in goods on the national economy of Russia." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 10 (November 27, 2022): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-10-115-124.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of the study is the foreign trade turnover between Russia and the G7 countries (USA, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Great Britain), in particular, its structure. The purpose of the work is to identify the degree of influence of Russia’s cooperation with the countries considered in the work in the field of trade in goods on the national economy of Russia. The theoretical and methodological basis and information base of the study are the works of Russian and foreign authors devoted to the issues of interaction between Russia and the G7 countries. While writing this article the authors also referred to official Russian sources, in particular, to the data provided by the Federal Customs Service of Russia, the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. It is concluded that Russia’s cooperation with the G7 countries in the sphere of foreign trade is generally effective for Russia. However, it should be noted that the Russian Federation is actively implementing an export-oriented policy, the main products of which are oil products, which undoubtedly contributes to the increase in the rate of economic development, the inflow of foreign capital and the increase in gross domestic product. But due to the imposed sanctions, as well as dependence of the Russian Federation on oil and gas revenues, it is necessary to direct the vector of development to other industries, pay special attention to the development of domestic products and diversify the economy. The results obtained in this paper can be used for forecasting the economic position of the country in the global arena, analyzing the further interaction of the Russian Federation with its key trading partners, and assessing the feasibility of an effective partnership.
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Toussaint, P. "Support for Asylum-Seekers: A Guide to Legal and Welfare Rights, Second Edition, Sue Willman, Stephen Knafler and Stephen Pierce, Great Britain, LAG Education and Service Trust Limited, 2004, pp. xlviii + 739, ISBN 1 903307 24 4, 39.00." British Journal of Social Work 35, no. 3 (April 1, 2005): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bch262.
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Firstova, Maria Yu. "Artistic Embodiment of Unitarian Religious Principles in the Literary Works of Elizabeth Gaskell." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 14, no. 2 (2022): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2022-2-131-141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper deals with the origins and major principles of the Unitarian religion that began to spread in Great Britain in the 18th century. The author aims to reveal the impact of the ethics of this Non-conformist (Dissent) Christian religious thought on the literary works of Elizabeth Gaskell (1810–1865), whose family background was largely Unitarian. The study shows the way that ethical principles of the Unitarian doctrine influence the problem-theme facet of her novels, which is evident in the artistic interpretation of the idea of strengthening the role of women in the Victorian society, in the author’s new approach to the solution to ‘the fallen woman’ problem, based on the possibility to atone for the sin through the service to the good of people and maternal love. The article focuses on the artistic depiction of the evil nature of a lie, the ideas of pacifism, religious tolerance, social justice, and resolution of social problems on the basis of the Christian idea of mutual dependence of humans, as presented in the novels written by Gaskell. The characters of her works, being new for Victorian literature, are also developed on the moral principles of Unitarianism. They are a socially active young woman from the middle class whose efforts are aimed at the resolution of the social conflict and a church minister (a dissenter) suffering from religious or moral doubts. The latter circumstance determines the shift from the depiction of the external social conflict to the internal one, which results in the in-depth psychological insight into the character in Gaskell’s narration. Particular attention is also given to the artistic interpretation of the key Unitarian idea of moral development and perfection of humans and continuous social progress in the novels Ruth (1853), North and South (1855), Sylvia’s Lovers (1863).
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Kelman, Vitalii, Attila Ponevac, and Oksana Korolovych. "Rationalization of network retail management with a shift trading function based on the mathematical description of processes in the mass service area." Economic Annals-ХХI 190, no. 5-6(2) (July 10, 2021): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v190-13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors highlight the high priority of rationalization in the management of the totality of transactions carried out in the sphere of network retail, in close contact with the service consumer. For network retail objects with a shift trading function, it is important to implement a direct and permanent impact, both on the system structure and on the basic processes in the area of mass trade services. This impact focuses on studying the flow of requests, service inputs and outputs of the system, as well as the length of waiting times, and the length of queues. The success of development in such retail networks depends on the flexibility of the operations performed by the contractor in close contact with the service consumer. It is envisaged to consider peculiarities in the rationalization of network retail management with trade turnover (flexibility) functions. The latter define the structure of the service delivery system for service consumers with processes running, in which client demands for services, as defined in the income chain, even though the intensity of the customer service flow is not constant. The purpose of the research is to present the informative field for rationalization in network retail management with the function of shifting trade, based on the mathematical description and repeated «playing» of all processes within the area of mass service. To represent the informative area for rationalization in network retail management with a shift trading function based on a mathematical description and repeated play of all processes within the public service area, Methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics have been used, as well as cloud computing in AnyLogic Claud environment, AnyLogic service. The results of the study was the presentation of new possibilities for rationalizing network retail management by groups of network objects based on the concept of a mass service area, and in view of the fact that there is an n-channel system of mass service with an unlimited queue, where the request flow has the intensity λ, and the service flow is the intensity μ. The study was implemented with the example of one of the hubs Walmart-Salvador, uniting 90 supermarkets of the company. All Walmart hubs combine only the same supermarket type, supporting the trade changeover function within a single graph (half-yearly). Similar Walmart hubs are developed in Mexico, Great Britain, Brazil, China, Canada, South Africa, Chile, Japan, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Argentina, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Ukraine. At the same time, all network nodes contain objects that apply multi-channel service systems, most common in the network retail with an unlimited queue and an option to add a new service node. It is the Walmart-Salvador hub that has a fairly high percentage of customers’ refusals due to the busy service devices (this estimate ranging from 19% to 25%). As a result, Walmart’s lost annual profit reaches up to USD 25.5 million approximately. The rationalization in the management of the network retail for the Walmart-Salvador hub objects is implemented with a breakdown into 8 groups, united according to common input parameters, the latter providing a solution for the optimal number of service devices, and their required reserve and runoff are calculated, as well as efficient productivity resulting from the consistency of the input and output flows in the service channel and the stability in the mass service system. At the same time, programming for solving the problem of the management rationalization is realized using rate fixing for the basic processes in the area of mass service. In this way, mass service system sustainability is ensured, with the average timing for the application staying in the mass service system being crucial. In particular, implementing such a standard could allow avoiding losses caused by waiting for servicing and unproductive ones. Among other relevant factors are: associated timing, probability or other values (necessary for transformation operations in the characteristics of the mass service area, performed for generating target values of this indicator). Perspectives of implementing the mathematical description of the processes in a mass-service area are in the fact that it will provide for significantly simplification in the processes of rationalizing the retail management in shift-trading facilities, regardless of the frequency of quantity and quality product range changes.
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Warner, H. William. "The Kabuliwalas: Afghan moneylending and the credit cosmopolis of British India, c. 1880–1947." Indian Economic & Social History Review 57, no. 2 (April 2020): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464620912891.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Immortalised in Rabindranath Tagore’s short story ‘The Kabuliwala’, the Afghan moneylender has appeared in many studies about rural and urban India as an unwanted interloper. This article presents an alternative picture. From the late nineteenth century through the mid-twentieth century, Afghans regularly visited the financial frontiers of British India where they offered collateral-free loans with high interest rates to urban and rural communities on the fringes of respectable creditors, such as banks, cooperative societies and banking networks. More than simply predatory, Afghan moneylenders provided a micro-financial service when and where no one else would. As a result, Afghan moneylending operations, considered as a whole, provide insight into the cosmopolitan nature of credit relationships among the working poor in the colonial era and how social and cultural notions informed not only those relationships but also how the imperial government and its allies understood them. Beginning with the Great Depression, novel legal regimes emerged around the subcontinent aimed at eradicating Afghan moneylending and solving the social problems associated with it. In the process, the intrusion of the state into informal finance via regulation hampered deep historical patterns of interregional social connectivity and redefined the cosmopolitanism of credit relations in the informal sectors of the economy.
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Lasocik, Zbigniew. "Defining and Regulating Prostitution from the Polish and European Perspective." Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs 25, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.1.2021.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prostitution has not received the academic interest it deserves in Poland. On the one hand the issue of eroticism and human sexuality is a relatively strong cultural taboo, on the other research on prostitution raises numerous methodological diffi culties. The purpose of this article is to explore two issues. The fi rst is go back to unsatisfactory attempts to defi ne the commercial sex. The second is to look at legal regulations regarding this issue in Poland and several European countries. At the level of sociological reflection, prostitution can be defi ned by referring to the elements of a specifi c interaction between two people, one of whom offers paid sex and the other of whom is interested in using such a service. Prostitution is defi ned completely differently in law and in several European countries, for example in Great Britain and Austria there are interesting legal provisions. But I propose my own definition of prostitution or sex work in which the eight elements are combined. As far as legal regulations of prostitution are concern four categories of countries can be mentioned in Europe. From these in which the provision and purchase of sexual services is prohibited, to those where prostitution is legal and the professional status of the person engaging in it is regulated. There is also variety of perceptions of prostitution as a social phenomenon and different typologies of policies implemented by individual countries. But it appears that further studies on sex business and prostitution as a social phenomenon are needed.
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Blikhar, M., N. Mykhalitska, M. Veresklia, I. Komarnytska, and G. Koziar. "FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE STATE: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN THE STUDY OF INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CAUSES OF CRISIS PHENOMENA IN THE ECONOMY." Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 2, no. 37 (April 30, 2021): 426–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v2i37.230333.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The article maps out the topical issue of reinforcing the financial and economic security of our country by switching from uncritical compliance with standard requirements of financial institutions affecting the provision and amount of international loans to development of own economic policy on the basis of rethinking the reasons for the unsatisfactory state of the financial and economic security of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the issue of increasing the sustainability of the financial system of Ukraine taking into consideration foreign experience and to determine the main direction of its provision with the emphasis on the priority development of the real sector of the economy. The financial security issue has become of paramount importance and relevance not only for Ukraine but for other countries as well. The study of foreign experience showed that stagflation of the 1970s provoked an erroneous neoliberal economic reaction. Policy responses were focused on deregulation of markets, in particular labour and financial markets, on the one hand, and on achieving the price stability instead of full employment on the other hand. This neoliberal «counterrevolution» created the conditions for the emergence of «financialization» or «finance-dominated capitalism» since the early 1980s first in the USA and Great Britain and then spread around the world. Over the past 30 or so years, finance began to dominate the industry, and non-financial corporations are increasingly engaged in financial rather than production activities. For instance, in Japan it resulted in the Great Recession. In Ukraine such policy has been implemented since the early 2000s under the influence of IMF requirements. As a result, the economy has lost the ability to provide a decent standard of living for the population and encouraged the labour migration and the increase of debt burden which was practically unavoidable without catastrophic consequences for state sovereignty. It is proposed to redirect the economic policy of Ukraine from spontaneous development of the «mechanism of financialization» to the creation of a mechanism for the development of real economy and effective creation of high-wage jobs complemented by the social responsibility of entrepreneurs and improving the regulatory requirements for legal regulation of public relations related to ensuring the financial security of the state. Keywords: financial security, gross external debt, liability, social responsibility, law, labour migration; employment of population, budget deficit. JEL Classification Е02, H63, K10, M14, O11 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 26.
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Logan, Penny. "Books Reviews : Hinduism in Great Britain. The Perpetuation of Religion in an Alien Cultural Milieu, edited by Richard Burghart. London: Tavistock Publications 1987. ix + 290pp. Price: £27.00." South Asia Research 7, no. 1 (May 1987): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026272808700700108.
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