Дисертації з теми "Social sciences -> psychology -> biological/physiological psychology"
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1
Auch, Patricia Marie. "Physiological correlates in happy and sad emotional states." Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2759.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The physiological differences in happy and sad emotional reactions were measured by taking blood pressure, EMG, heart-rate, and skin-temperature while each emotion was evoked in participants. The study used films shown to participants to provoke happy and sad responses. Self-evaluation questionnaires were used to determine how aware the participants were of their physiological changes in both emotional conditions. Results indicated a decrease in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and EMG responses, but, an increase in skin temperature while participants watched the sad film manipulation. Physiological readings taken during the happy film sequence contradicted the hypotheses of this study. Participants blood pressure, heart rate, and skin temperature readings were lower in the happy condition than in the sad. Electromyography during the happy film manipulation was the only measure to increase as predicted. Attention was paid to the differences in men and women in their physiological responses.
2
Zavis, Doreen. "The effect of touch on recovery following a physical stressor." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The physiological and subjective effects of touch on individuals confronted with a physical stressor were investigated in a mixed two-factor study of 57 college-age women. Peak values and time course of several indices of autonomic nervous system activity (heart rate, frontalis EMG, and skin conductance) were monitored before, during, and after a 30-sec cold pressor task under three different touch conditions: no touch, touch-during, and touch-after the stressor. Experimental group members received a light stroking touch to their shoulder by the female experimenter for 30-sec. No touch (control) group members were guided through a 30-sec visualization exercise. Data analysis failed to support a theory of attenuated stress responding or facilitated recovery under either touch condition. However, equipment error and large within-subject variability may have masked the touch effects. Touch-during group members reported finding the stressor less aversive. Suggestions for future research contrasting static versus dynamic touch are discussed.
3
Kuntz, Todd Arthur. "Phasic stress measures and thought intrusions resulting from distress and cognitive inhibition." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, a revitalized interest in the effects of cognitive inhibition and its implications for psychological and physical health has emerged. Some researchers believe that inhibition is difficult, fosters subsequent incursions of the inhibited thought, and also fosters increased phasic stress responses which can lead into increased susceptibility to stress illnesses. This study attempted to support these assertions by using a split-plot factorial 2 x 2 x 5 design exposing participants to two levels of distress and two types of inhibition and measuring suppression across five 1-min intervals. Results provided mixed support that autonomic arousal and difficulty of suppression are related to saliency of distressing experiences and type of inhibition strategy employed. Implications for methodological issues and general health are discussed.
4
Frazer, Nicole Lynn. "Effects of expectancy and suggestibility on the assessment of cardiovascular reactivity." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2777.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Because it is a risk factor for coronary heart disease, cardiovascular reactivity has been the subject of much research. Interestingly, however, psychological variables that influence the assessment of cardiovascular reactivity have received little attention. This is a noteworthy omission because studies in this area could shed light on variables that influence reactivity and/or interfere with accurate measurement of heart rate and blood pressure changes. To help remedy this deficit, the present study examined the effects of two psychological variables, expectancy and suggestibility, on the assessment of cardiovascular reactivity to a mental arithmetic challenge. The study used a split plot factorial design (SPF 22.3). The expectancy manipulation had two levels, positive and negative. The suggestibility manipulation also had two levels, high suggestibility and low suggestibility. There were three trials consisting of baseline, presentation of the stressor, and a posttask recovery period. Sixty-eight participants were given the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, and were assigned to high and low groups based on a median split. Next, they were randomly assigned to either the positive or negative expectancy group. Participants in all four groups were then given the same mental arithmetic challenge. Cardiovascular reactivity was measured by changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Results failed to show a significant main effect for either the expectancy or suggestibility manipulations. The interaction effects were also not significant. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
5
Schlecht, Nicolas F. "Physiological and psychosocial determinants of health-care service utilisation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0024/MQ50872.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
6
McGuire, Erin D. "White coat effect in college students." Scholarly Commons, 2002. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2659.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was a systematic replication of the work of Carels, Sherwood, and Blumenthal (1998) who studied white coat hypertension (WCH) in adults with suspected hypertension. The present study utilized healthy African American and Caucasian young adults. Fifty-seven male and female high school and college students (34 Caucasians and 23 African Americans) had their blood pressure screened three times on three separate occasions. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Arousal Predisposition Scale (APS) were administered at the first visit to assess anxiety and arousal. A 3-way multifactorial mixed design ANOVA and multiple regression analyses were performed separately for systolic BP and diastolic BP. Significant main effects for trials, gender, and ethnicity for systolic BP were revealed. Significant main effects were not found for diastolic BP measures, and no interaction effects were revealed for systolic or diastolic measures. Participants' systolic BP decreased from the first screening to the second and third screenings. The main effect for gender indicated significant differences in systolic BP between males and females, with males having higher systolic BP over trials. The significant main effect for ethnicity revealed that African Americans had higher systolic BP than Caucasians. The regression analyses using the scores from the APS, STAI, and BP trial change scores revealed that none of the variables contributed significantly to the change in BP across sessions. The results replicate the finding of Carels et al. (1998) who found SBP declined from Trial 1 to Trials 2 and 3, and provide partial support for a small white coat effect in healthy Caucasian and African American young adults.
7
Wolf, Elise. "Diel Periodicity in Activity and Location in the Web of the Common House Spider (Achaearanea tepidariorum)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Circadian rhythm is a type of endogenous clock that controls daily behavioral patterns in most organisms. Spiders have been shown to exhibit both circadian and non-circadian rhythms in their behaviors. This rhythmicity may allow spiders to cope with diel changes in environmental conditions. Both diurnal and nocturnal behavior have different sets of costs and benefits to a species’ survival. Achaearanea tepidariorum is one species in which potential circadian rhythmicity has never been studied. Due to its foraging behavior, it was predicted that its daily activity would be arrhythmic. We recorded the positions within the web of forty individuals throughout the day, and then observed their daily activity via use of an actogram apparatus. Analysis of the resulting actograms and web position data revealed a significant nocturnal periodicity in the spiders’ activity, as well as possible anticipation of the daily cycle. This nocturnal periodicity, coupled with specific web-building behavior, may be the result of this species balancing the costs and benefits of predation and foraging. More studies are needed to provide more information about the circadian behavioral patterns of A. tepidariorum.
8
Foster, Monica L. "The effects of biofeedback-assisted relaxation on high and low anxious diabetics." Scholarly Commons, 1990. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous investigations of biofeedback and relaxation for diabetics to control blood sugar level have been contradictory. The present study hypothesized that diabetics determined as high anxious would lower their blood sugar levels significantly, as compared to a low anxious group. Twelve participants, 34 to 70 years old, were divided into high and low anxious groups according to scores on four paper and pencil measures. For 6 weeks biofeedback-assisted relaxation was administered to both groups and a multivariate analysis of variance was conducted. The hypothesis was not supported. Three of 12 decreased blood sugar levels over treatment. A regression analysis was conducted to examine the variables those 3 participants had in common, yielding a multiple R of.96 (p (is less than) .001) between the reducers and the non-reducers. Reducers had (in order of importance in the regression equation) more monthly hassles; were less distancing, more confrontive, and more accepting of responsibility in their ways of coping; were less trait anxious; and experienced more anxiety-related affect. Inferences about the possible influences these variables had on success in treatment are discussed, and implications for future research are presented.
9
Karlsson, Louise. "Stress : From a biological, social, and psychological perspective." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the years stress has been a term lacking one clear and specific definition. In general, the term stress has been used mostly as an explanation of a response or reaction to a stressor. A stressor can be of both physiological and behavioral character. The experience of stress can occur both due to a real or a perceived stressor. In this literature review, the concept of stress is viewed with insights from biological, psychological, and social perspectives. The stress response is described biologically with the central nervous system (CNS), the brain, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Social and psychological stress are concepts related to how stress is perceived by the mind and due to social surroundings which is described in relation to social support, self-efficacy, the locus of control and cognitive appraisal. Dealing with stress can be done through coping which refers to the individual capacity to handle a stressor and has generally been divided into two categories, active/passive coping and problem-focused/emotion-focused coping. Depending on the individual resources to cope with a stressor and the ability to decrease the stress response when needed, the long-term effects of stress can therefore vary between individuals. It has been found that positive coping (known as reducing stress) can increase the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) volume and decrease anxiety and depression. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus, and the amygdala are closely linked to the ACC and affect emotions, learning, and memory related to the stress response.
10
Machado, Mychal A. "Picture this: Smoking cues as conditional elicitors of compensatory responses in smokers." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current study sought to extend previous research on conditional compensatory responses and illicit drugs to smoking and respondent conditioning by exposing ten adult smokers and nonsmokers to smoking and non-smoking related imagery. Pre- and post-slide show carbon monoxide (CO) levels were taken as the main measure of compensatory actions. As supplementary measures, heart rate and blood pressure readings were also obtained. Results demonstrated that the measures of CO obtained from smokers were lower following a visual presentation of smoking related images as compared to a presentation of non-smoking related images. This drop in CO levels was not evident (a) in nonsmoking participants, nor (b) in two control subjects whom provided extended CO measures in the absence of visual imagery. These data suggest the continued investigation of respondent aspects in smoking behavior is necessary in order to obtain a global picture of the physiological aspects of smoking behavior.
11
Dibble, Ashley. "Physiological Correlates of Aggression in Adolescent Females." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1680.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, with the development of new technology, researchers have focused on physiological predictors of aggressive behavior, specifically cortisol and alpha amylase. Gordis, Granger, Susman, and Trickett (2006) found the interaction between cortisol and alpha-amylase significantly predicted parent reports of aggression indicating that low levels of physiological reactivity was associated with higher levels of problem behavior. While this research has provided valuable information about aggressive behavior, a major limitation is the majority of research focuses on males, or has not examined gender differences explicitly. This study expanded on work by Gordis et al. (2006) and other researchers on the HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system responses and aggression by using a larger sample, focusing on female adolescents, examining both physical and relational aggression, and utilizing parent and adolescent reports of aggressive behavior. Based on prior literature, I expected that lower levels of salivary cortisol taken at the beginning of the interview and the beginning of the stress task would be associated with higher levels of physical and relational aggression in girls. I also hypothesized that lower levels of cortisol and α-amylase reactivity will be associated with higher levels of physical and relational aggression. Finally, I hypothesized that lower levels of cortisol reactivity coupled with higher levels of α-amylase reactivity will be associated with lower levels of aggressive behavior. Participants in the current study live in moderate- to high-violence areas in Richmond, VA. Participants were 146 adolescent females who were enrolled in a larger longitudinal study on coping with exposure to violence. Most of the adolescents were African-American (91.1%) with a mean age of 13.9 years old (range from 11-17). The changes in physiological responses were monitored during the interview process which included the administration of the Social Competence Interview (SCI). Aggression was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist and Problem Behavior Frequency Scales. In the analyses, I controlled for pubertal status, medication usage, race, and time of day which are all factors that can influence the level of cortisol and alpha-amylase. Results indicated that higher levels of basal cortisol were associated with higher levels of aggressive behavior. In contrast to previous research and prediction, results indicated that symmetry in α-amylase and cortisol predicted lower levels of self-reported physical aggression in girls. Asymmetry in the two systems was associated with higher levels of self-reported physical aggression. These results contribute to the mixed results on female physiological responses and aggression. It also provides support for symmetry in cortisol and α-amylase as a predictor of lower levels of aggressive behavior. Studying a child’s physiological reactions to stress can give insight into behavior regulation, help identify adolescents for prevention/intervention, and serve as markers of treatment progress. These data suggest that physiological associations with aggression may not be the same for males and females, or for youth living in extremely stressful circumstances. Further research is needed to replicate these finding, and specifically to compare these patterns of associations across gender.
12
Pelusi, Jody Louise. "Cancer survivorship: The other side. The lived experience of partners of long-term breast cancer survivors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the number of women diagnosed with early stage breast cancer continues to rise, so does the population of long-term breast cancer survivors. Many factors influence the overall outcome of their experience, one of which is the support from their partners. Much has been written on the issues of women with breast cancer, but what is lacking in the literature are the voices of their partners during the long-term survival phase of the disease. The purpose of this study was to conduct a phenomenological study to (1) describe the essential structure of the experience of being a partner of a long-term breast cancer survivor, and (2) compare theme patterns of the partners of long-term breast cancer survivors with those of long-term breast cancer survivors. The sample consisted of seven participants with the average age of 55 years. Time together as partners averaged 25.2 years. The average time since the cancer diagnosis was 9.5 years. The research method consisted of open-ended audiotaped interviews. Colaizzi's eight-step method of analysis was utilized. Ten theme categories were identified from the data: the invisible enemies--cancer and uncertainty, a sense of duty, constant vigilance, from dreams to reality, turning my eyes away but not my heart, paying the price, don't worry--be happy, who are we now, rebuilding our home, and the everlasting journey. From these theme categories, the essential structure was identified. In searching for the meaning of the journey, the partner is influenced by several factors: their own as well as the patient's coping skills and quality of life, as well as the patient's overall response to cancer treatment. Partners experience many of the same issues as the patient, but their response to and the ability to travel along this cancer journey is based on their role as a partner and their sense of duty to the patient. The partner's goal is to bring structure and stability to the uncertainty of cancer and to find meaning for oneself and the patient during this experience.
13
Slayback, Benjamin G. "Spinal cord injury and surfing| A quality of life study." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527752.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A spinal cord injury (SCI) can be debilitating and research is necessary to examine how patients' quality of life (QOL) can be improved through both psychological and physical remedies. This study's central research question was: Does participation in surfing improve perceptions of quality oflife in an individual with spinal cord injury? By interviewing eight individuals with SCis, the researcher attempted to assess, by means of a qualitative semi-structured interviews, whether participation in surfing activities had a positive impact on the respondents' perceived QOL. Respondents experienced improved QOL as a result of their participation in surfing with the Life Rolls On foundation because they felt supported, independent, relaxed, and exhilarated. Their perceived QOL was improved by the benefits of making friends and feeling like part of a community. It was hypothesized that respondents would report psychological benefits from recreational post-injury physical activities. These findings indicate support for the hypothesis.
14
Pasley, James. "Spatial Vision: Age and Practice." TopSCHOLAR®, 1988. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1816.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous studies have shown that practice can improve adults’ ability to discriminate between two similar high frequency spatial patterns. Adults trained on this task also demonstrated significant improvement on a standard acuity test which is dependent on high frequency information. The aim of this study was to extend the range of training patterns to low (1.7 c/deg) and middle (4.0 c/deg.) spatial frequencies, and to determine if practice in a similar spatial frequency discrimination task would transfer to other spatial tasks dependent on low frequency information. Fourteen subjects in three age groups (young, middle and old) were tested before and after training on four spatial tasks: grating discrimination, grating detection, bisection thresholds and Vernier acuity. Adults trained on 1.7 c/deg showed significant improvement on the discriminability task, while those trained on 4.0 c/deg did not. It was found that improvement on the low spatial frequency discrimination task did not transfer to any of the other tasks. However, it was shown that the degree of improvement was similar for all age groups. This suggests that plasticity in the human visual system remains relatively constant throughout adulthood.
15
Seed, Anne Elizabeth. "The effect of communication competence, biological sex, and situation on compliance-gaining strategy choice." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigated the effect of communication competence, biological sex, and situation on compliance-gaining strategy choice. Two hypotheses and five research questions were addressed in this study. Specifically, hypothesis one predicted a positive correlation between communication competence and the likelihood of use ratings of pro-social compliance-gaining strategies. Hypothesis two predicted a negative correlation between communication competence and the likelihood of use ratings of anti-social compliance-gaining strategies. Four research questions examined differences in the likelihood of use ratings of pro- and anti-social compliance-gaining strategies according to situation (interpersonal and non-interpersonal) for male and females subjects. The last research question looked at differences in levels of communication competence for male and female subjects. Total sample size was 160, including 120 students from an introductory interpersonal communication course and 40 students from the adult, re-entry college. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the two hypotheses as it allowed for the comparison of the strength and direction of the relationship between variables. All research questions involved the comparison of mean scores and utilized a one way analysis of variance. Results showed no correlations between communication competence and the likelihood of use ratings of pro- and anti-social compliance-gaining strategies as was predicted in the two hypotheses. The data for research questions one and two showed no significant differences in the likelihood of use ratings of pro-social compliance-gaining strategies for male and female subjects regardless of situation. However, significant differences were found in the likelihood of use ratings of anti-social compliance-gaining strategies for male and female subjects. Specifically, males exhibited a greater likelihood of use ratings of anti-social compliance-gaining strategies regardless of situation. Finally, female subjects demonstrated higher levels of communication competence than males. Some of the differences which were found between male and female subjects may be a result of a pervasive socialization process, which in essence perpetuates stereotypical roles for both men and women. Because of this socialization process, men may, indeed, be less likely to distinguish the nuances between interpersonal and non-interpersonal situations. It is suggested that future research focus on similarities between males and females as opposed to differences.
16
Folden, H. Eugene Jr. "Close-In-Time-Deaths: A Phenomenological Investigation of the Bereavement-Mortality Relationship in a Sample of Now Deceased Older Widowed Men." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1382024250.
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17
Bartoszuk, Karin, Cecelia McIntosh, and Brian Maxson. "Integration and Synergy of Research and Graduate Education in Science, Humanities, and Social Science." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6174.
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18
Hoy, Jennifer Lyn 1981. "The Development of Excitatory Synapses and Complex Behavior." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12068.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
xi, 111 p. : ill. (some col.)Excitatory glutamatergic synapses facilitate important aspects of communication between the neurons that govern complex forms of behavior. Accordingly, small differences in the molecular composition of glutamatergic synapses have been suggested to underlie neurodevelopment disorders, drive evolutionary changes in brain function and behavior, and enhance specific aspects of cognition in mammals. The appropriate development and later function of these structures in the adult involves the wellcoordinated activities of hundreds of molecules. Therefore, an important goal in neuroscience is to identify and characterize how specific molecules contribute to the development of excitatory synapses as well as how manipulations of their function impact neural systems and behavior throughout life. This dissertation describes two important contributions toward this effort, (1) that the newly discovered molecule, Synaptic Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (SynCAM1) specifically contributes to the early stages of glutamatergic synapse formation and (2) that Neuroligin1 (NL1) contributes to the mature function of glutamatergic synapses and mature forms of behavior in vivo. In the first set of experiments, I developed an in vitro cell based assay in order to determine the minimal molecular components necessary to recruit developmentally relevant glutamate receptor subtypes to sites of adhesion mediated by SynCAM1. In these experiments we discovered that protein 4.1B interacted with SynCAM1 in order to cause the specific recruitment of the NMDA type glutamate receptor containing the NR2B subunit. In the second set of experiments, we show that expression of NL1 missing the terminal 55 amino acids enhanced short term learning and flexibility in behaving mice while increasing the number of immature excitatory postsynaptic structures. Interestingly, this behavioral profile had components more consistent with 1 month old juvenile controls than age matched control littermates. In contrast, full length NL1 overexpression impaired learning and enhanced perseverance while yielding an increase in the proportion of synapses with mature characteristics. These results suggest that NL1's C-terminus drives the synaptic maturation process that shapes the development of complex behavior. Both studies bolster our understanding of how specific molecules impact the development of excitatory synapses and complex behavior. This dissertation includes both my previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: William Roberts, Chairperson; Philip Washbourne, Advisor; Victoria Herman, Member; Michael Wehr, Member; Judith Eisen, Member; Clifford Kentros, Outside Member
19
Powell, Priscilla. "ETHNIC EFFECTS ON BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOSOCIAL AND DISEASE CARE FACTORS IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN YOUTH WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Person-oriented and variable-oriented analyses were conducted to investigate sociodemographic differences in biological, psychosocial and disease care factors in youth with type 1 diabetes. Additionally, diabetes knowledge was evaluated as a potential mediator of SES effects on HbA1c and disease care. The sample included 349 youth, age 9-17 years (79.9% Caucasian, 71.3% lived with two biological parents, M SES = 46.24). Person-oriented t-tests confirmed commonly reported ethnic differences in HbA1c and disease care behaviors. However, variable-oriented analyses controlling for confounding sociodemographic influences showed most disease care effects attributed to ethnicity were better explained by SES. While diabetes knowledge was not a significant mediator of meal composition, it appeared to suppress the effect of social class on carbohydrate and fat consumption, such that more diabetes knowledge minimized the negative effect of lower SES on optimal carbohydrate and fat consumption. Results may inform future interventions for youth at risk of poor metabolic control.
20
Hinckley, Michael. "Socioecological factors that affect adolescent nervousness and depression." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527709.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to examine various social and ecological factors that affect adolescents' nervousness and/or depression. Secondary data from the 2011- 2012 California Health Institute Survey were used to examine these factors. Chi-Square analyses were utilized to test if relationships existed between the variables in the data. This study examined race, poverty level, immigration status, physical well-being, safety of environment, and the receipt of psychological/emotional counseling as factors for influencing feelings of nervousness and/or depression among adolescents. Results indicated that adolescents feeling nervous were affected by race, poverty level, environmental safety, and the receipt of psychological/emotional counseling. Feeling nervous did not have a significant association with physical well-being in this study. Furthermore, adolescent depression was affected by race, poverty level, physical well-being, environmental safety, and the receipt of psychological/emotional counseling. Immigration status was not found to be associated with affecting adolescent nervousness or depression. Further research is suggested.
21
Rice, Beth A. "CHARACTERIZING THE ROLE OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN THE SIGN TRACKING BEHAVIOR OF MALE JAPANESE QUAIL (COTURNIX JAPONICA)." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A devastating feature of drug-dependence is the susceptibility of relapse (40-60%) after stretches of abstinence. One theory that may account for relapse suggests that drug cues (e.g., paraphernalia) may increase stress hormones, and this may prompt relapse. Repeatedly pairing a neutral cue with a reward is commonly utilized to measure what subjects learn about a cue that is predictive of reward. Research has shown that animals that attend to a cue more than to the reward (sign trackers) may be more vulnerable to drug addiction. Additionally, research has shown that sign tracking is associated with an increase in corticosterone (CORT), a primary stress hormone. PT 150 is a novel glucocorticoid receptor antagonist that attenuates the effects of CORT. Experiment 1 hypothesized that subjects given repeated oral administration of 40 mg/kg PT 150 would reduce sign tracking compared to subjects given placebo. Results of Experiment 1 showed that repeated oral consumption of 40 mg/kg PT 150 decreased sign tracking behavior compared to placebo. In Experiment 2, it was hypothesized that PT 150 (20/40/60 mg/kg) given by subcutaneous (SC) injection would reduce sign tracking dose-dependently, and that sign tracking behavior would correlate with CORT levels. Results of Experiment 2 showed that SC injection of 20 mg/kg PT 150 reduced sign tracking but not 40 or 60 mg/kg. Additionally, the correlation between CORT and the sign tracking for the 20 mg/kg approached significance. Although tentative, the correlation may suggest that elevated plasma CORT concentrations correlate with elevated sign tracking. The current findings extend the current literature by suggesting that the glucocorticoid receptor may be a potential pharmacological target for reducing relapse-like behaviors.
22
Krukauskas, Frank Krukauskas. "Using Auditory Feedback to Improve Striking for Mixed Martial Artists." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate, auditory feedback as a training procedure to increase the effectiveness of throwing a "right cross.” Auditory feedback was evaluated in multiple baselines across behaviors design with 4 mixed martial arts students, two males and two females, 25-54 years old. The percentage of correct steps of the right crosses.” was stable .during baseline for all participants improved substantially following the introduction of the auditory feedback, and maintained at 90 percent or more for all participants during follow-up.
23
Mohd-Yusof, Martha A. "IMPORTANCE OF THE D2 RECEPTOR FOR ONE- AND MULTI-TRIAL PSYCHOSTIMULANT-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL SENSITIZATION IN PREWEANLING RATS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The neural mechanisms mediating one-trial and multi-trial behavioral sensitization during early ontogeny are poorly understood. The purpose of this thesis was to assess the importance of D2-like receptors for the induction of cocaine- and methamphetamine-induced one-trial and multi-trial behavioral sensitization during the middle and late preweanling period. In a series of four experiments, rats were injected with saline or the selective dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist raclopride 15 min prior to treatment with the indirect dopamine agonists cocaine or methamphetamine. Acute control groups received two injections of saline. The pretreatment regimens occurred on either PND 16 or PND 20 (one-trial behavioral sensitization) or PND 13-16 or PND 17-20 (multi-trial behavioral sensitization). On PND 17 or PND 21, rats were challenged with either cocaine or methamphetamine and sensitized responding was assessed. With only a single exception, both one -trial and multi-trial cocaine- and methamphetamine-induced sensitization was evident on PND 17 and PND 21. Importantly, the D2-like receptor antagonist raclopride did not prevent the induction of cocaine- or methamphetamine-induced one-trial behavioral sensitization. In regards to multi-trial behavioral sensitization, raclopride failed to inhibit cocaine -induced sensitized responding on PND 17 and PND 21. Interestingly, higher doses of raclopride (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) were able to prevent the induction of multi-trial methamphetamine-induced sensitization on PND 17. Therefore, D2-like receptor antagonism differentially affected methamphetamine -induced behavioral sensitization depending on whether a one-trial or multi-trial paradigm was employed. When considered together, these results suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying the methamphetamine -induced behavioral sensitization of preweanling rats differs depending on the type of experimental paradigm (one- vs multi-trial) being used. Other potential explanations (i.e., nonspecific antagonist effects, impact of contextual conditioning, etc.) for this interesting effect are presented in the Discussion.
24
Runnals, Jennifer Jane. "Exploring the Cardiovascular Response to Anger Imagery and Speech in Vietnam Veterans With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." Also available to VCU users online at:, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1882.
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Lopez-Cepero, Andrea A. "Physiological and Psychological Stressors Associated with Glucose Metabolism in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study." eScholarship@UMMS, 2019. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/1012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Puerto Ricans experience high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (diabetes). Stress is a risk factor for diabetes. The allostatic load (AL) model explains how stress influences disease through a chain of physiological changes. Puerto Ricans experience psychological and physiological (obesity and high glycemic load (GL)) stressors linked with diabetes, yet how these stressors impact the AL chain and how their interplay affects glucose metabolism remains unknown.
Methods: Using data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study, this thesis sought to examine: 1) the relationship between GL and primary AL markers, 2) the interaction between perceived stress and GL on HbA1c, and if primary AL markers mediate this interaction, and 3) the interaction between change in weight and in perceived stress on HbA1c.
Results: 1) GL change over 2 years was associated with increases in primary AL markers in women. 2) Women with high perceived stress and high GL had higher HbA1c and primary AL markers did not mediate this interaction. 3) In women, there was an interaction between change in weight and perceived stress on HbA1c over 2 years, with the effect of weight change on HbA1c being greater with increases in perceived stress. None of these associations were observed in men.
Conclusion: This study partially confirms the AL model in Puerto Rican women but not in men. It provides data to inform intervention targets to prevent and manage diabetes in Puerto Rican women and identifies women at high risk of diabetes in this minority group.
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Syrotchen, Branden D. "Stress, Social Support, and Mindfulness in Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Deficits: A Quantitative Analysis." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6686.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parenting children with neurodevelopmental deficits (NDDs) is very stressful, more so than the parenting of typically developing children. There is considerable research on the topic of chronic stress experienced by caregivers; however, less is understood of parental stress experienced when raising children with NDDs. The purpose of this study was to examine how parental traits and habits, in the forms of mindfulness and social support levels, affect this cohort's general stress levels. The study was guided by Self-Determination Theory, which explored how parental acts could be classified along a continuum of being intrinsically or extrinsically derived. A convenience sample of parents (n =71) with a child diagnosed with at least one NDD were recruited from online support groups on Facebook. The participants fully completed the Parental Stress Scale to measure parental stress, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale to measure trait mindfulness, and the Family Support Scale to quantify social support to the family. Correlation analysis and multilinear regression analysis were used to determine that higher levels of social support and mindfulness in the participants predicted lower levels of perceived parental stress; the model was statistically significant, R²=.284, F(2,68)=13.504.p<.001. As a set, the two predictors accounted for 28.4% of the variation in stress. This study helps to promote positive social change by providing informing data on population-specific research, which can assist in the development of empirically supported treatments that could be used by professionals and paraprofessionals in treatment planning, therapies, and psychoeducational interventions.
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Albiston, Karen C. "Mood disturbances associated with training distress in swimmers." Scholarly Commons, 2013. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/311.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Titrating training volume to optimize physical readiness and avoid training distress in swimmers is a difficult challenge for coaches. The purpose of this study was to examine alterations in mood state in collegiate swimmers throughout an entire season and determine if there were differences across time, between training groups, gender, and year in school. A swim test was also employed to determine if alterations in swim times were associated with mood disturbance. Mood state and the swim test times were measured every three weeks. The results showed significant alterations in total mood disturbance (TMD) across time; and between genders, year in school and training group. When training volume was the highest, TMD in the swimmers had the greatest perturbations. These time periods were also associated with small but significant increases in the swim test times. These results indicate that use of the Profile of Mood States Questionnaire and a physiological swim test may be useful for detecting training distress in swimmers. Swim coaches may benefit from employing either or both of these tools for designing and tailoring training sessions and tapering for optimal performance.
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McNair, Nicolas A. "Input-specificity of sensory-induced neural plasticity in humans." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the input-specificity of sensory-induced plasticity in humans. This was achieved by varying the characteristics of sine gratings so that they selectively targeted distinct populations of neurons in the visual cortex. In Experiments 1-3, specificity was investigated with electroencephalography using horizontally- and vertically-oriented sine gratings (Experiment 1) or gratings of differing spatial frequency (Experiments 2 & 3). Increases in the N1b potential were observed only for sine gratings that were the same in orientation or spatial frequency as that used as the tetanus, suggesting that the potentiation is specific to the visual pathways stimulated during the induction of the tetanus. However, the increase in the amplitude of the N1b in Experiment 1 was not maintained when tested again at 50 minutes post-tetanus. This may have been due to depotentiation caused by the temporal frequency of stimulus presentation in the first post-tetanus block. To try to circumvent this potential confound, immediate and maintained (tested 30 minutes post-tetanus) spatial-frequency-specific potentiation were tested separately in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the increased N1b was maintained for up to half an hour post-tetanus. In addition, the findings from Experiment 1, as well as the pattern of results from Experiments 2 and 3, indicate that the potentiation must be occurring in the visual cortex rather than further upstream at the lateral geniculate nucleus. In Experiment 4 functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to more accurately localise where these plastic changes were taking place using sine gratings of differing spatial frequency. A small, focal post-tetanic increase in the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response was observed for the tetanised grating in the right temporo-parieto-occipital junction. For the non-tetanised grating, decreases in BOLD were found in the primary visual cortex and bilaterally in the cuneus and pre-cuneus. These decreases may have been due to inhibitory interconnections between neurons tuned to different spatial frequencies. These data indicate that tetanic sensory stimulation selectively targets and potentiates specific populations of neurons in the visual cortex.
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Savard, Jedidiah S. "Reducing Adolescent Anger and Aggression with Biofeedback: A Mixed-Methods Multiple Case Study." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1499119177225382.
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Huang, Nuoyu. "Persistent Oral Dyskinesias Induced by Long-term Haloperidol Treatment is Dissociated from Changes in Neostriatal B(max) and Mrna Content for Dopamine D(2) Receptors." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1995. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2736.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the presumed associations of dopamine (DA) receptor supersensitivity phenomena in both long-term neuroleptic-treated tardive dyskinetic rats and neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine (n6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, we studied the influence of haloperidol on n6-OHDA-lesioned rats. At 3 days after birth rats received 6-OHDA-HBr (200 $\mu$g, bilateral intracerebroventricularly; desipramine pretreatment, 20 mg/kg, 1h) or vehicle. Two months later haloperidol (1.5/kg/day $\times$ 2 days/week for 4 weeks, then 1.5 mg/kg/day, every day for 10 months) was added to the drinking water. Spontaneous oral activity of intact and n6-OHDA-lesioned rats receiving haloperidol was reached and maintained at significantly higher levels after 15 weeks of haloperidol treatment. Haloperidol treatment produced greater oral activity in n6-OHDA-lesioned rats as compared to intact rats. At 11 months there were 35.8 $\pm$ 4.9 vs. 18.4 $\pm$ 2.1 oral movements in lesioned vs. intact rats receiving haloperidol. This high level of spontaneous oral activity was not attenuated by scopolamine and persisted in the lesioned rats for at least 8 months after haloperidol withdrawal. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of alternatively-spliced isoforms of DA D$\sb2$ (D$\sb{\rm 2S}$ and D$\sb{\rm 2L}$) receptors showed that D$\sb{\rm 2L}$ receptor mRNA levels of intact and n6-OHDA-lesioned rats receiving haloperidol were significantly elevated after 11 months of treatment and returned to normal level 8 months after haloperidol withdrawal. Similarly, the B$\sb{\rm max}$ for $\rm\lbrack\sp3 H\rbrack$raclopride binding to striatal homogenates was significantly increased in intact and nG-OHDA lesioned rats receiving chronic haloperidol. The B$\sb{\rm max}$ was at the control level after 8 months of haloperidol cessation. D$\sb{\rm 2L}$ and 5-HT$\sb{\rm 2C}$ receptor mRNA levels were not altered by chronic haloperidol treatment. The effects of assorted receptor-specific drugs on oral activity were tested in our rats to study possible mechanisms underlying the regulation of oral activity. The findings of this study demonstrate that alterations at mRNA and receptor levels of DA D$\sb2$ receptors are not critical for maintaining persisting enhanced oral dyskinesias after long-term haloperidol treatment. The long-lasting stable high frequency of oral dyskinesias after haloperidol withdrawal in these rats provides a means for testing agents that have the potential to attenuate dyskinetic oral activity.
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Bene, Cheryl Renee. "Visually displayed-EMG biofeedback : training muscle relaxation in hearing impaired children :a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 1988. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/505.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the present study was to test the use of visually displayed EMG biofeedback as a means for training hearing impaired adolescents to reduce anterior temporalis or frontalis muscle tension . Five male and four female hearing impaired students between the ages of 13 and 15 were chosen from the California School for the Deaf, Fremont, CA to serve as participants. Each participant was randomly assigned to either an experimental or control condition. Participants in the experimental groups were given five 15 minute EMG biofeedback training sessions. An additional group of 4 adolescents with normal hearing from Marshall Junior High School, Stockton, CA served as a hearing control group. The dependent measure was a 5 minute pretest and post-test measurement of muscle tension (in microvolts).
Split-plot analyses were performed to determine if there were significant differences between a ) the .hearing impaired experimental and the hearing impaired control groups, b) the hearing impaired control and the hearing control groups, and c) the hearing impaired experimental group and the hearing control group.
Results of the analyses showed that at post-test both the hearing impaired experimental group and the hearing control group showed a significant decrease in muscle tension F(1,7)=5.85 p< .05. The interaction was nonsignificant. Comparison of the two control groups showed that at post-test the two groups were not significantly different in levels of muscle tension. The comparison between the hearing impaired experimental and the hearing control groups resulted in a significant interaction (Group X Time of Testing) F( 1,6)=9.47, p=.02, and the main effect for time of testing approached significance.
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Dorner-Zupancic, Lisa. "Art Therapy for a Child of Trauma in County Custody." Ursuline College / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=urs1210356616.
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Moran, Kelsey. "Sport Factors, Body Image, and Eating Behaviors in College Student Athletes." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1530046312522231.
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Ballion, Tatiana. "Physiological Reactions to Uncanny Stimuli: Substantiation of Self-Assessment and Individual Perception." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is abundant anecdotal evidence substantiating Mori's initial observation of the "uncanny valley", a point at which human response to non-human entities drops sharply with respect to comfort (Mori, 1970), and the construct itself has a long-standing history in both Robotics and Psychology. Currently, many fields such as design, training, entertainment, and education make use of heuristic approaches to accommodate the anticipated needs of the user/consumer/audience in certain important aspects. This is due to the lack of empirical substantiation or, in some cases, the impossibility of rigorous quantification; one such area is with respect to the user's experience of uncanniness, a feeling of "eeriness" or "wrongness" when interacting with artefacts or environments. Uncanniness, however, continues to be defined and measured in a largely subjective way, and often after the fact; an experience or product's uncanny features are pointed out after the item has been markedly avoided or complained about by the general public. These studies are among the first seeking to determine a constellation of personality traits and physiological responses that incline the user to have a more frequent or profound “uncanny" reaction when presented with stimuli meeting the criteria for a level of "eeriness". In study 1, 395 adults were asked to categorize 200 images as uncanny, neutral, pleasant, or other. In Study 2, physiological and eye-tracking data was collected from twenty two adults as they viewed uncanny, neutral and pleasant images culled from study 1. This research identifies components of the uncanny valley related to subjective assessment, personality factors (using the HEXACO and Anthropomorphic Tendencies Scale), and biophysical measures, and found that traits unique to Emotionality on the HEXACO inventory, compounded with a form of anthropomorphism demonstrates a level of relationship to the subjective experience of uncanny stimuli. There is evidence that HEXACO type and forms of anthropomorphic perception mediates the biophysical expression and the subjective perception of the stimuli. In keeping with psychological hypotheses, stimuli to which the participants had greatest response centered on death, the threat of death, or mismatched/absent facial features.ID: 031001349; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: .; Title from PDF title page (viewed April 19, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-217).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology; Human Factors Psychology
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Waller, Michel Tyler 1973. "The ranging behavior of bonobos in the Lomako Forest." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11648.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
xvii, 149 p. : ill. (some col.), mapsThe ranging behavior of an animal can reveal much about the social and ecological conditions it faces. Food availability, feeding competition, population pressures, metabolic requirements and human influences can all influence the ranging behavior of individuals. For modern humans, the manner in which we move about our world is limited only by access to technology and other cultural factors. Of course, it has not always been that way. Based on recent fossil discoveries, our earliest bipedal ancestors more closely resembled the living great apes in morphology. Consequently, studies of great ape behavior have been used to reconstruct scenarios of early hominin behavior. And while much has been written about chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes ) ranging in this regard, less is known about bonobos (Pan paniscus ). Along with chimpanzees, bonobos are our closest phylogenetic relative, existing today as a descendant of a common ancestor the Homo and Pan genera shared sometime around six million years ago. Despite their close taxonomic relationship, however, there are a variety of behavioral differences between bonobos and chimpanzees. The aim of this dissertation is to better understand these differences within the context of ranging and social behavior and apply the results to models of early hominin behavior. More specifically, I used a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach to examine general bonobo ranging data, the differences in ranging behavior between males and females, and the manner in which neighboring groups interact. Compared with chimpanzees, bonobos at Lomako range over a much smaller total area, are not territorial, and differ in the composition of social parties. In general, female bonobos are more gregarious and cohesive, moving in semi-stable groups I call "cliques", while males are less aggressive and more likely to move independently. These results likely reflect the high levels of food availability for bonobos at Lomako, reducing the level of feeding competition, and emphasizing social and mating strategies in group formation. Consequently, the spectrum of potential early hominin ranging behavior must be expanded from the current chimp-centric perspective.
Committee in charge: Frances White, Chairperson; Stephen Frost, Member; Larry Sugiyama, Member; James Schombert, Outside Member
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Riley-Behringer, Maureen Elizabeth. "Effects Of Prenatal Risk and Early Life Care on Behavioral Problems, Self-Regulation, and Modulation of Physiological Stress Response in 6 to 7 Year-Old Children of Intercountry Adoption (ICA)." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1427990709.
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Lahlou, Saadi. "Penser Manger.Les représentations sociales de l'alimentation." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Une nouvelle méthode d'analyse des représentations sociales est ici appliquée au cas des représentations de l'alimentation. On expose, de la théorie des représentations sociales développée par l'école de Moscovici, une nouvelle formalisation à base d'analyse combinatoire. Le formalisme permet notamment de décrire de façon simple la propagation des représentations dans une population, et leurs fonctions pragmatiques. On fonde sur ce formalisme "en relativité complète" une théorie pour extraire, à partir de corpus d'énoncés libres en langue naturelle, les éléments de base qui constituent les représentations. On développe concrètement cette théorie sous la forme de méthodes et de techniques de recueil et d'analyse informatisée des données textuelles
Ces techniques sont exposées puis appliquées d'abord à 2 corpus à propos de “ manger ” provenant respectivement des associations libres produites par 2000 adultes français, et de 500 définitions issues d'un grand dictionnaire. Ces analyses dégagent des résultats similaires : “ manger ” est constitué de six noyaux de sens : libido, prendre, nourriture, repas, remplir, vivre.
Une analyse des évocations libres de “ bien_manger ” par 2000 autres adultes français permet ensuite de clarifier les relations théoriques entre représentations et comportements. Puis, à partir notamment d'une enquête lourde sur 1600 ménages (quelques centaines de questions), on décrit les grands types de comportements et de représentations des Français en matière d'alimentation, et on précise les limites de l'influence réelle représentations sur les comportements.
On dégage enfin quelques hypothèses nouvelles sur les lois de développement des représentations individuelles, notamment celle du “ trophisme ” (développement par l'usage des aspects les plus utilisés), et sur l'écologie des représentations sociales en tant que populations de représentations individuelles.
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Guillermain, Yves. "Prescrire dans la parole : écoute analytique et prescription médicamenteuse." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00977346.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La prescription médicamenteuse est l'un des principaux outils thérapeutiques utilisé par le médecin. Si la médecine somatique décline sa clinique selon l'enchaînement symptômes- diagnostic-traitement, la psychiatrie se démarque d'une telle linéarité. En effet, bien qu'elle se soit calquée sur le modèle médical depuis la découverte des psychotropes en 1952, elle relève d'une clinique spécifique : en psychiatrie, d'une part le symptôme constitue une adresse à l'Autre, il contient donc une dimension relationnelle essentielle, d'autre part, le soin psychique implique une participation active du sujet, toute thérapie étant aussi auto-thérapie. La neuropharmacologie, en plein essor depuis 1952, propose un schéma thérapeutique se voulant plus scientifique car de plus en plus éloigné de la psychopathologie clinique. Le psychiatre est alors convoqué en tant que technicien de la prescription de psychotropes, le médicament se suffisant à lui-même d'un point de vue thérapeutique. Face à une telle évolution de la psychiatrie, comment préserver un abord clinique ?Notre pratique esquisse la possibilité de dégager l'acte de prescrire d'une technicité exclusive. En effet, sous certaines conditions, la prescription de psychotropes constitue un acte psychothérapeutique à part entière. Pour cheminer dans notre réflexion, nous sommes passés par le paradigme du pharmakon afin de complexifier la question du prescrire. La clinique suggère une possible alliance entre parole et médicament. Prescrire dans la parole, au-delà de la molécule, consiste à qualifier la substance par la parole, de façon à ce qu'elle devienne un médicament spécifique de la rencontre clinique. La molécule, guidée par la magie des mots, sera plus efficace. L'acte de prescrire se conçoit donc comme une création à deux, à réinventer à chaque nouvelle rencontre, le moment de la prescription relevant d'un cheminement intime du côté du clinicien. Ainsi, loin de s'exclure mutuellement, psychothérapie analytique et pharmacothérapie ont tout intérêt à croiser leurs regards sur la question du prescrire. Penser conjointement effet pharmacologique et relation clinique permet au clinicien de s'engager dans une authentique rencontre humaine avec le patient. La psychopathologie s'ouvrira, peut-être, sur de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques.
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Stuart, Nancy Eleanor. "Towards an integrated biopsychosocial risk model of distress disorder aetiology for children of middle childhood : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, Massey University." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1750.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent theoretical developments both within and outside the clinical literature have stressed the complex interactions between biological and environmental risk in relation to psychopathology development. They have also highlighted the importance of cognitive dimensions, especially those related to control perceptions, in the developmental path towards anxiety and mood disorders in children. Few studies have investigated these cognitive dimensions in relation to risk and protective factors. In light of these considerations, the present study evaluated structural models investigating the relationship of perceived control and competence to child temperamental risk, parent personal risk, family environmental risk and anxious and depressed feelings. It was hypothesised that temperamental, and psychological risk in relationship to family environment would be mediated by the cognitive dimensions of perceived control and competence. It was further hypothesised that family environment, would mediate the relationship between child temperamental risk and anxious and depressed feelings. A school sample of 293 New Zealand children aged between 8 and 11 and their parents was assessed using a cross-sectional design. Overall results indicated that in the face of temperamental and family adversity, feeling in control of emotions and social interactions and feeling socially competent afforded children protection from anxious or depressed feelings. In addition, a sensitive, accepting family environment was seen to protect a temperamentally vulnerable child from distressed feelings. In contrast, distress was more likely to occur when a temperamentally vulnerable child lived in a family characterised by parental psychological control and conflict than one characterised by less cohesion and parental rejection. Results also indicated that, in terms of cognitive features, perceptions of social competence were particularly important in protecting a child from having anxious or depressed feelings. These findings are discussed in relationship to Barlow's and other recent integrated aetiological theories of distress disorder. Findings are also considered in relation to implications for identification, intervention and prevention strategies for distressed children in both clinical and school populations. Further results, limitations and proposals for future research are also discussed.
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Pringle, Jennifer Dawn. "Remarital quality in the context of co-parenting: Beliefs and expectations of biological parents." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Despite the prevalence of remarriages and stepfamilies in North American society, there is a relative paucity of research regarding aspects of marital quality in stepfamilies relative to the abundance of empirical examination of first marriages. Related to the absence of clear norms and roles for remarried partners and stepfamily members, clinicians have noted that remarried individuals tend to hold beliefs and expectations of remarriage and stepfamily relations that are better suited to biologically-related nuclear families, as opposed to recognizing the unique and often complex circumstances of stepfamilies. As such, remarital quality may be particularly prone to disappointment due to unfounded expectations and beliefs that become problematic for adjustment of partners and their children. Similarly, the few guidelines for interactions between former spouses who continue to co-parent their shared children may lead to dissatisfaction for remarried parents attempting to manage these relationships. The current study aimed to predict two aspects of remarital quality – dyadic adjustment and relationship commitment – with a measure of the changes in one’s beliefs over time about remarriage and stepfamilies, while also accounting for remarriage length and the self-reported well-being of the responding remarried parents. Changes in beliefs about co-parenting with one’s former spouse were also assessed as potential predictors of co-parenting communication quality, which has sometimes been found to correlate with remarital quality. An online questionnaire was completed by 112 remarried mothers who shared parenting of their minor children with their former spouses. A small sample of 33 remarried fathers also participated, providing an initial comparison group with which to tentatively explore gender differences in changes in beliefs and their association with remarital and co-parenting quality. Most respondents reported remarital satisfaction and average communication quality with former spouses, providing little evidence for the spillover of conflict that has been noted previously. Emerging as predictive of better current remarital quality included a reported decline over time in the beliefs that stepfamilies only have a slim chance of success, and a belief that stepfamilies are “second-best” compared to nuclear families. Mothers who recalled the greatest decreases in these beliefs over time also reported more positive remarital adjustment at present, compared to those whose beliefs did not change as much. The earlier that these beliefs changed, the greater the benefits were to remarital adjustment. Change in beliefs was also predictive of co-parenting communication, more so than individual well-being. Few sex differences were noted. These findings suggest that changes in beliefs regarding marital transitions and co-parenting relationships are important for adjustment in these relationships and have potential to act as targets for intervention to facilitate smooth transitions to remarriage and stepfamily life. Highlighting the need for remarrying couples and their children to have opportunities to develop positive beliefs and expectations about stepfamilies, possible applications in terms of public policy, community education, peer support, and family resources are discussed.
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Pavlis, Alexia. "Cognitive, neuroanatomical and neuroendocrine effects of long-term rotating shift work in a nursing sample." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1509/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sleep disruption, like that experienced by long-term rotating shift workers, is a physiological stressor which causes a variety of adverse physical, psychological and cognitive symptoms. Some cognitive symptoms are thought to be mediated by the direct effect of stress hormones on the hippocampus. Regardless of its source, stress provokes endocrine responses in the body that affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Whereas acute activation of the HPA axis adaptively activates the body’s stress response by increasing cortisol production, prolonged or repeated activation is detrimental to health due to dysregulation of the HPA axis. Cortisol affects the hippocampus, which has a high concentration of glucocorticoid receptors and plays a prominent role in the down-regulation of the HPA axis. Overstimulation of glucocortioid receptors can cause hippocampal atrophy and related cognitive deficits. Research has found that air crew with inadequate recovery time between outbound, transmeridian long-haul flights showed performance decrements on cognitive tasks, reduced hippocampal volumes and increased cortisol levels. The current study aimed to investigate whether work-related sleep disruption caused similar effects among rotating shift-workers from outside the flight industry. Twelve long-term female rotating shift-workers (nurses) and 17 day working female control participants (nurses and others) participated in the study. Analyses of the sleep health, cognitive (memory, attention, visual-spatial skills), endocrine (salivary cortisol), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) data of these participants showed few differences between groups in cognitive performance, volumetric MRI or MRS. Shift workers reported less sleep over a fortnight, higher levels of fatigue and lower levels of vigor compared to controls. Cortisol rhythm changes including earlier morning rise and peak attenuation were apparent in shift workers. The results are interpreted in terms of age differences between the groups and the existence of a 'healthy worker' effect in the shift workers.
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Davis, Brooke Maree. "An investigation of the subjective sleep of elderly women: what is good sleep and how is it achieved." Thesis, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30069/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Age-related change in the sleep quality of women in aged-care is a key area in
gender and ageing research. Not only does the structure of sleep change with
age, but so too do the perceptions and beliefs around sleep, and the sleep
management strategies available to women. Surprisingly however, the essence
of the sleep beliefs and self-management strategies of women in aged-care
remains largely unexplored. What is clear, is that this essence is not
sufficiently captured by current clinical measures, reflecting the notion that
sleep researchers and elderly women hold discordant beliefs regarding sleep
quality. In order to address that disjuncture, this mixed methods study aimed
to investigate a) the meanings of good and poor sleep quality for elderly
women in aged-care, and b) women's self-management of sleep quality.