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1
Downs, Samuel David. "Levinas, Meaning, and Philosophy of Social Science: From Ethical Metaphysics to Ontology and Epistemology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2569.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The current approach to science for mainstream psychology relies on the philosophical foundation of positivism that cannot account for meaning as humans experience it. Phenomenology provides an alternative scientific approach in which meaning is constituted by acting toward objects in the world that is more consistent with how humans experience meaning. Immanuel Levinas argues that the phenomenological approach, while more consistent with human experience, does not provide a grounding for meaning. Rather, Levinas argues that meaning is grounded in the ethical encounter with the Other, or other person, such that meaning is given by the Other in rupture. For Levinas, the physical world, or elemental, and the I provide constraints for the meaning given by the Other but the Other is logically prior to all other experience. This alternative to the mainstream scientific approach in psychology of positivism has implications for the epistemology, methodology, and scientific community of psychology. The Levinasian perspective advocates an epistemology that is open to the rupture of the Other as a way to provide new knowledge. This emphasis on openness to rupture produces a methodology in which the scientist must allow object of study to influence the method used in research. Finally, the Levinasian perspective implies a scientific community that is sensitive to the rupture occasioned by the encounter with the Other.
2
Ganioglu, Zafer. "The Visual Formation Of Cartesian Subject In Modern Metaphysics: A Critique Of Cogito Philosophy." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607778/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis scrutinizes modern metaphysics through a specific reading and critique of Cartesian Philosophy. In the study, the concepts of metaphysics, ideology, modernity, subject and modern science are re-examined in their relations among them and in that the peculiarity of modern metaphysics is attempted to be revealed. At the core of the thesis, Descartes&rsquounderstanding of subject is inquired to be modern subject, and its role in the transformations happened in Western world with the advent of modern age is studied. Also, the two main axes of the critique of subject, subject as substance and subject as effect, are questioned in their difference or similarity regarding in essence their matter of inquiry, by modeling the Cartesian Subject.
3
Seminara, Simone Giuseppe. "Matter and Explanation. On Aristotle's Metaphysics Book H." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061421.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main aim of my work - "Matter and Explanation. On Aristotle's Metaphysics Book Η" - is to show the argumentative unity of Book Η (VIII), which has been usually regarded as a mere collection of appendices to the previous Book Ζ. In my thesis I take on the main suggestion provided by M. Burnyeat in "A Map of Metaphysics Ζ" (2001). According to Burnyeat, Η accomplishes the enquiry of Ζ by developing Ζ17's fresh start into the analysis of sensible substances. Starting from Ζ17, Aristotle regards the notion of substance in its explanatory role as "principle and cause" and, as a consequence, he searches for "the cause by reason of which a certain matter is some definite thing". Burnyeat's suggestion has been so far followed in order to look at Η as at that place where this search is accomplished. Thus, Η would play a didactical-expository role. In my work I aim at showing how in Book Η Aristotle does not confine himself to a mere exposition of the previous outcomes. By contrast, he provides a deep revision of the status of matter's substancehood. Namely of that ontological subject whose organization must be explained. Such a revision concerns those criteria, which in Book Ζ have provided a deflationary reading of the notion of ὕλη. On the contrary, in Η matter is read as subject of physical changes and in its dispositional role within the biological wholes. Such a framework is accomplished in Η6, where Aristotle shows the explanatory primacy of his own hylomorphism over the Platonic Doctrine of Forms.
4
Byron, Christopher. "Critically Developing Real Capabilities." UNF Digital Commons, 2014. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/485.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Critical Realism, the Capabilities Approach, and Marxism, all have underdeveloped theoretical problems. For Critical Realism, the ceteris paribus clause, which is used to asses an ideological critique, does not properly specify what other things warrant the dismissal or acceptance of said critique. For the Capabilities Approach, a proper ontology or metaphysics is missing, and the claim that the Capabilities Approach can be metaphysically neutral is false. Finally, Marxism is good at describing the more onerous aspects of capitalism (e.g., alienation, exploitation, crisis), but it does not provide normative force for seeing these descriptions as bad. I argue that these three schools of thought, when connected through the ontology of Critical Realism, can be rendered mutually inclusive, and each theory can help address the lacuna in its respective counterpart. Critical Realism gives to Marxism and the Capabilities Approach ontological justification, and the Capabilities Approach gives to Critical Realism and Marxism normative force. And finally, Marxism gives to the Capabilities Approach a more radical, but consistent twist that furthers the goal of realizing our shared human powers.
5
Kim, Kwangsu. "Adam Smith : a relationship between metaphysics and science." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4236/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is basically in line with a common standpoint according to which Adam Smith's methodology deserves to be given the main priority in order to understand best his system of moral philosophy or `social science' in a modern sense. In this connection Smith's `metaphysics' is treated as an extremely important element to which our attention has to be drawn when we are concerned with his system of social science. This point of view differs primarily from an interpretative framework which seems to be still influential; a perspective from which a linkage between metaphysics and science is ignored. Instead, this work is based on the argument that metaphysics which may be defined as confirmable yet irrefutable (thus extra-scientific) doctrines is at work in the background of scientific activities in such as way that the former proposes an outline of scientific research in terms of providing a general outlook whereby a coherent type of data may be sorted out, arranged and organized. The `predominant' aim of this work on the basis of the view just mentioned is to seek a linkage between Smith's study of natural theology, which is responsible for providing an influential metaphysical doctrine, and other disciplines such as ethics and economics in his scheme of moral philosophy. I begin by identifying Smith's three metaphysical doctrines, the doctrine of mechanistic determinism, organismic philosophy, and the belief in a benevolent God (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 is designed to identify Smith's metatheoretical principles which, in conjunction with his metaphysics which is rooted in his theological outlook, serve to regulate or shape his `theoretical' analysis of man and society.
6
Chaberty, David. "Introduction à la phénoménologie cosmologique d'Eugen Fink." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Il s'agira d'envisager, en français, l'oeuvre du philosophe allemand Eugen Fink (1905-1975), dont le corpus complet n'est disponible qu'en allemand. Ce sera donc une "introduction" à sa pensée. A cet égard nous nous demanderons quelle est la continuité de la pensée dite du jeune Fink et de celle du Fink dit "de la maturité". Nous montrerons, contre certains préjugés, la continuité problématique, - cosmologique -, du penseur allemand. A la lumière de l'oeuvre ultérieure nous proposerons d'abord une nouvelle interprétation de la pensée du jeune Fink en même temps que son originalité vis à vis des maitres de Fribourg (Husserl, Heidegger). Dans une seconde partie nous exposerons une structure problématique que nous soutenons être celle du Fink de la maturité: d'abord une théorie du questionnement métaphysique, à la lumière de laquelle Fink réevalue les problèmes philosophiques fondamentaux: c'est à dire d'abord une cosmologie originale, une théorie de la phénoménalité fondamentale, à partir desquelles Fink repense de façon originale l'histoire de la métaphysique (antique et moderne). Après un appendice sur son interprétation de Nietzsche (qui prend son sens dans ce qui précède), nous concluerons sur sa position sur les problèmes qui lui furent contemporains (anthropologie et ontologie).
7
Onyekachi, Nnaji John. "Concepts of the 'Scientific Revolution': An analysis of the historiographical appraisal of the traditional claims of the science." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117678.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
´Scientific revolution´, as a concept, is both ´philosophically general´ and ´historically unique´. Both dual-sense of the term alludes to the occurrence of great changes in science. The former defines the changes in science as a continual process while the latter designate them, particularly, as the ´upheaval´ which took place during the early modern period. This research aims to demonstrate how the historicists´ critique of the justification of the traditional claims of science on the basis of the scientific processes and norms of the 16th and 17th centuries, illustrates the historical/local determinacy of the science claims. It argues that their identification of the contextual and historical character of scientific processes warrants a reconsideration of our notion of the universality of science. It affirms that the universality of science has to be sought in the role of such sources like scientific instruments, practical training and the acquisition of methodological routines"Revolución científica", como concepto, se refiere a la vez a algo «filosóficamente general» e « históricamente único". Ambos sentidos del término aluden a la ocurrencia de grandes cambios en la ciencia. El primero define los cambios en la ciencia como un proceso continuo, mientras que el último los designa, en particular, como la "transformación", que tuvo lugar durante la Edad Moderna. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo demostrar cómo la crítica de los historicistas a la justificación de las características tradicionales de la ciencia sobre la base de los procesos y normas científicos de los siglos XVI y XVII, ilustra la determinación histórica y local de los atributos de la ciencia. Se argumenta que la identificación del carácter contextual e histórico de los procesos científicos justifica una reconsideración de nuestra noción de la universalidad de la ciencia. Se afirma que la universalidad de la ciencia se ha de buscar en el papel de tales fuentes como instrumentos científicos, la formación práctica y la adquisición de rutinas metodológicas
8
Skorburg, Joshua August. "Human Nature and Intelligence: The Implications of John Dewey's Philosophy." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333663233.
Повний текст джерела
9
Guibal, Francis. "Social Sciences and Political Philosophy. Eric Weil's Post-Weberian Kantianism." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The historical success of sciences and their tendency to extendt hemselves universally to all of realityis a fact. In order to understand their sense, they should be referred to acultural (rational) project, whose presuppositions ought to be judged in accordance with a reason conceived both as practical (ethical-political) and speculative (philosophical). E. Weil's rigorous thought is here compared in all of these points with high-ranging positions: only after going through Hegelian, Marxian and Weberian positions he intends an original reappropiation of Kantian insights.El éxito histórico de la(s) ciencia(s)y su extensión tendencialmente universal a toda realidad es un hecho. Comprender su sentido exige que se le refiera a un proyecto cultural (racional) cuyos supuestos han de ser juzgados conforme a una razón inseparablemente práctica (ético-política) y especulativa (filosofía). Sobre todos estos puntos, el pensamiento riguroso de E. Weil se compara y se contrasta aquí con posiciones de alto vuelo: solamente después de atravesar los planteamientos hegelianos, marxianos y weberianos, es como intenta retomar,de manera original, orientaciones kantianas.
10
Darbellay, Aurélien. "Writing social reality into the book of the world." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis has four chapters which, together, offer a non-exhaustive but still quite extensive account of social reality.
In Chapter 1, I defend an analysis of the notion of sociality which has it that to be social is to somehow involves cooperation.
In Chapter 2, I present and defend an account of cooperation which roughly claims that cooperation occurs when people pursue a goal they have in common, according to a plan they share, and in a state of mutual awareness.
In Chapter 3, I put forward an account of a particular kind of social phenomena: institutions. I draw on the work of Searle, Hindriks and Thomasson and argue, very roughly, that institutions are created by people who cooperate in a way that commits them to certain rules, which they have the power to enforce.
Finally, in Chapter 4, I argue that circular accounts of social phenomena can be illuminating and, in particular, that they can help vindicating reductive identifications of the phenomena they target, even though they fail to provide reductive identifications of the notions they aim to analyze.
11
Runhardt, Rosa. "Causal inquiry in the social sciences : the promise of process tracing." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3099/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this thesis I investigate causal inquiry in the social sciences, drawing on examples from various disciplines and in particular from conflict studies. In a backlash against the pervasiveness of statistical methods, in the last decade certain social scientists have focused on finding the causal mechanisms behind observed correlations. To provide evidence for such mechanisms, researchers increasingly rely on ‘process tracing’, a method which attempts to give evidence for causal relations by specifying the chain of events connecting a putative cause and effect of interest. I will ask whether the causal claims process tracers make are defensible, and where they are not defensible I will ask how we can improve the method. Throughout these investigations, I show that the conclusions of process tracing (and indeed ofthe social sciences more generally) are constrained both by the causal structure ofthe social world and by social scientists’ aims and values. My central argument is this: all instances of social phenomena have causally relevant differences, which implies that any research design that requires some comparison between cases (like process tracing) is limited by how we systematize these phenomena. Moreover, such research cannot rely on stable regularities. Nevertheless, to forego causal conclusions altogether is not the right response to these limitations; by carefully outlining our epistemic assumptions we can make progress in causal inquiry. While I use philosophical theories of causation to comment on the feasibility of a social scientific method, I also do the reverse: by investigating a popular contemporary method in the social sciences, I show to what extent our philosophical theories of causation are workable in practice. Thus, this thesis is both a methodological and a philosophical work. Every chapter discusses both a fundamental philosophical position on the social sciences and a relevant case study from the social sciences.
12
Nicolau, Daniela. "Knowledge production and transfer in physical and life sciences." Thesis, Nicolau, Daniela (2002) Knowledge production and transfer in physical and life sciences. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/229/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Questions about knowledge flows between different fields of science are important from a policy perspective. This thesis focuses on knowledge transfer between physical sciences and life sciences. Science and technology are increasingly intertwined in a complex continuum. This complexity of the science and technology today asks for a concerted, articulated and comprehensive understanding of the process of science and technology. The approach that this research has taken is to analyse the process of science and technology. The thesis asks: What is the trade of science and technology? In order to answer this question we developed an anatomy of knowledge and we analysed the internal developments in science via the analysis of the role of the researchers as carriers and producers of knowledge.
Secondly the thesis asks: What are the mechanisms and directions on which scientfic knowledge migrates? This research postulates that the analysis of the process of science and technology translates to the analysis of the production and transfer of scientific and technological knowledge.
What is obvious and essential for science and technology is the difference between the specific mechanisms of knowledge production. This thesis suggests that the modem mode of knowledge production is characterized by an increasing density of communication on three levels: between science and technology - on one hand - and society on the other-; between scientific practitioners; and with the entities of the physical and social world. Central to our research is the concept of 'mode of knowledge production ' with mode 1 and mode 2 being defined by Gibbons.
The four case studies employed emphasise on how collaboration across disciplines is highly important for the production of new knowledge. The main characteristic of newly emerging fields in an increasing synergy between disciplines, which leads to several types of communication between them. With the increasing of the interdisciplinary intensity the border between the production of knowledge and the transfer of knowledge begins to be blurred. The transfer of knowledge occurs today at a more conceptual level. It follows that the production of knowledge has a large component of knowledge transfer. To study it, this thesis proposes a quasiquantitative model. In this unified framework for the knowledge transfer mechanisms, transfer is seen as a process with a number of stages and forms. We tested our framework on four case studies.
The third part of the thesis proposes a taxonomy of interdisciplinarity. and deals with the social engineering of knowledge transfer that is the design of adequate guidelines for policies aiming at maximization of knowledge transfer. In this way the thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of processes of development of new emerging scientific fields.
13
Nicolau, Daniela. "Knowledge production and transfer in physical and life sciences." Murdoch University, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061122.141122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Questions about knowledge flows between different fields of science are important &om
a policy perspective.
This thesis focuses on knowledge transfer between physical sciences and life sciences.
Science and technology are increasingly intemvined in a complex continuum. This
complexity of the science and technology today asks for a concerted, articulated and
comprehensive understanding of the process of science and technology.
The approach that this research has taken is to analyse the process of science and
technology. The thesis asks: What is the trade of science and technologv? In order to
answer this question we developed an anatomy of knowledge and we analysed the
internal developments in science via the analysis of the role of the researchers as carriers
and producers of knowledge.
Secondly the thesis asks: What are the mechanisms and directions on which scientzjic
knowledge migrates? This research postulates that the analysis of the process of science
and technology translates to the analysis of the production and transfer of scientific and
technological knowledge.
What is obvious and essential for science and technology is the difference between the
specific mechanisms of knowledge production. This thesis suggests that the modem
mode of knowledge production is characterized by an increasing density of
communication on three levels: between science and technology - on one hand - and
society on the other-; between scientific practitioners; and with the entities of the physical and social world. Central to our research is the concept of 'mode of knowledge
production ' with mode 1 and mode 2 being defined by Gibbons.
The four case studies employed emphasise on how collaboration across disciplines is
highly important for the production of new knowledge. The main characteristic of newly
emerging fields in an increasing synergy between disciplines, which leads to several
types of communication between them.
With the increasing of the interdisciplinary intensity the border between the production of
knowledge and the transfer of knowledge begins to be blurred. The transfer of knowledge
occurs today at a more conceptual level. It follows that the production of knowledge has a
large .component of knowledge transfer. To study it, ths thesis proposes a quasiquantitative
model. In h s unified &mework for the knowledge tmnsfer mechanisms,
transfer is seen as a process with a number of stages and forms. We tested our framework
on four case studies.
The third part of the thesis proposes a taxonomy of interdsciplinarity. and deals with the
social engineering of knowledge transfer that is the design of adequate guidelines for
policies aiming at maximization of knowledge transfer. In this way the thesis aims to
contribute to the understanding of processes of development of new emerging scientific
fields.
14
Byrne, Michael J. "An exploratory analysis of free will in the social sciences." Ashland University Ashbrook Undergraduate Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=auashbrook1304710552.
Повний текст джерела
15
鄭建生 and Kin-sang Cheng. "Social theory and gender bias." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211288.
Повний текст джерела
16
Atari, W. A. "Rules, rationality and wisdom : the central themes in Winch's philosophy of the social sciences." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355387.
Повний текст джерела
17
Rickels, Christopher A. "Inherited Ontologies and the Relations between Philosophy of Mind and the Empirical Cognitive Sciences." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365012314.
Повний текст джерела
18
Stevens, Philip James. "Education culture and politics : the philosophy of education of Raymond Williams." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018669/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As far as I have been able to discover Raymond Williams's writing on education has not been the subject of an extensive study. This is surprising since Williams's educational writings, although not presented systematically, represent a considerable contribution to thinking about education in the late twentieth century. Since Williams's death in 1988 several articles have been published dealing with specific areas of this aspect of his work (1), but although useful, these provide only the beginnings of an account of Williams's philosophy of education. Williams has been described as the 'single most masterly, original cultural thinker in Britain of the twentieth century' and his work has invoked comparisons with writers of the stature of Sartre and Habermas (2). Of the thirty or so books, hundreds of articles, and radio and television programmes Williams wrote over forty years, most contained a sustained interest in education. Raymond Williams, as Professor of Drama at the University of Cambridge, was an academic. He was also a literary critic, social and cultural analyst, novelist, playwright, and political activist. Most of all, through the medium of his writings, Williams was a teacher. The task of this thesis will be to reveal a theory of education from this substantial and varied body of writing which crossed the boundaries of 'discrete' discourses and subjects. At the heart of this theory is the claim that education and politics are inextricably linked. In the Introduction I outline the major areas of Williams's thought, link these with the development of his professional life and his influence as a teacher, and discuss the difficulties presented by Williams' notoriously complex writing style. In Chapter 1 I identify and discuss the key concept in Williams's writing in relation to education, i.e., culture. Chapter 2 is concerned to examine Williams's writing on education and to link these with the key concept outlined in Chapter 1. The principal aim of Chapter 3 is to identify the major issues which taken together form the basis of a political theory and a theory of political education in the work of Raymond Williams. Chapter 4 is a key chapter in which I attempt to 'translate' Williams's abstract and complex writing style into amore accessible form, through an analysis of his major themes relating to politics and education, i.e., solidarity, community and ecology. Chapter 5 includes a discussion of two examples of educational programmes decisively influenced by Williams's writing, i.e., Cultural Studies and Urban Studies. As a philosopher of education Williams was a generalist; that is to say, he was concerned, in the tradition of Dewey, with broad educational issues. An example of this approach would be the way in which he attempts to link education with democracy. It is in the spirit of this tradition that the thesis is written.
19
Cole, Julian C. "Practice-dependent realism and mathematics." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124122328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 248 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-248). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
20
Swerhun, Bryce. "Social and natural reality : prospects for a consilient theory of nationalism." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MA (Political Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.Nationalism is quite easy to understand, but somewhat difficult to explain. In terms of understanding nationalism, we do not need to know anything more about society and sentiment than what is taken for granted in everyday life. An individual who ‘drops’ into a foreign culture may know absolutely nothing about its people’s songs, rituals, amusements and traditions: why some customs evoke tears, and others, bravado. This person would feel no sense of collective awe or inspiration when touring historic battlefields and monuments of an unfamiliar country. Nevertheless, he or she would likely understand and appreciate that all of these things are steeped in meaning and identity. These instances of meaning and identity may not be felt, shared or even fully known, but their role as expressions of nationalism can be readily appreciated. The global spread of nations entails an array of mutually unfamiliar national identities, but the actual phenomenon nationalism is rarely foreign to anyone. From an outsider’s perspective we do not know how certain expressions are significant to a particular group, but we do understand that they are expressions of national belonging. Explaining nationalism is more difficult for the simple reason that experiencing and recognizing a phenomenon is not sufficient to account for its existence. Customs and rituals are two suggested properties of nationalism, but what is the causal relationship between such properties and the end phenomenon (how does custom actually lead to nationalism, if at all)? The answers to these questions are still a matter of debate. The situation is only made worse by the fact that most theories explaining nationalism seem to rest on a tower of abstractions. For instance, it may seem uncontroversial for some to argue that nationalism is an outgrowth of ethnic identity. However, this just begs the question. What is ethnicity? The potential for regress to abstraction is a major impediment to theory. This thesis will examine the problem of explanation: the reasons why theories of nationalism have struggled with explaining nationalism, and a discussion on how to overcome these difficulties. Specifically, this thesis will show that: 1) The problem of explaining nationalism is due in part to the ‘classical’ problem found in the literature: whether nationalism is an ‘ancient’ social phenomenon, or a ‘modern’ phenomenon which can be dated (roughly) to the late eighteenth century. 2) Debates regarding the classical problem are closely affected by philosophical issues in the social sciences. 3) The incorporation of a consilient methodology (i.e. a research program that unifies theories of social science with theories of natural science) can provide a new strategy for future theories of nationalism and work to solve the classical problem.
21
Baker, Randy. "The Concepts of Capitalism and Democracy in Implied Power Relations: Fractionation Philosophy and Theory." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research proposes that it is possible to meaningfully examine the differences between subjects' perceptions of concepts at two different levels of analysis. The central theory, called "fractionation", is derived from structuration theory. The theory suggests that there is an important and particular difference between subjects' perceptions of key concepts at the value (abstract) level, as differentiated from the policy (action) level. The key concepts provided here are capitalism and democracy. Three major stages of data gathering and analysis were conducted. The first stage, carried out in several phases, surveyed 337 college students to gather words commonly associated ·with two key concepts: capitalism and democracy. These words were then used as items in a multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. The results were used to represent the relationship between the two key concepts at the value level of analysis. The second stage consisted of gathering policy fragments from two mainstream newspapers. Television advertising was selected as the focal point of this search, to represent one area where democracy and capitalism co-exist. Fragments were taken from the newspapers and compiled into "fragment topics", or pieces of argument about the relationship between capitalism and democracy in television advertising. Stage III was carried out by surveying seventy-three subjects who were presented with the argumentative statements developed in each fragment topic. An assessment was made of the relationship between capitalism and democracy at the policy level based on the argument choices made by the subjects. Stage I resulted in a clear distinction between the two key concepts of capitalism and democracy at the value level, while Stage III resulted in a conflict between the two at the policy level. The comparison of results between the first stage of the research and the third stage represents the fractionation that was being sought.
22
Abrahams, Gareth. "Deleuze's philosophy and its usefulness to planning : a case study of BRE assessments." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/72369/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A number of established planning theorists have sought a connection between Deleuzian philosophy and planning to create new practices and tools to increase the effectiveness of [the discipline]’ (de Roo et al, 2012: 20; Hillier, 2007, 2011; Van Wezemael , 2010; Mark Purcell, 2013). This Deleuze-planning link introduces a number of unique considerations, not least because it must account for theoretical as well as practical concerns, and explore processes of analysis as well as processes of engagement. To date these efforts remain tentative, exposing such studies to Forester’s critique that most planning theorists use philosophical concepts to ‘deconstruct’ rather than ‘reconstruct’ methods of engagement (Forester, 2007). This study responds to this gap by showing how some of Deleuze’s most abstract philosophical concepts can be translated into a new, practicable assessment tool useful to actors working in development and regulatory processes. It shows what is needed to make this transition, and when such tools might usefully contribute to ‘real’ situations. This thesis explores this experimental line of enquiry through two research stages. The first stage focuses on developing a Deleuze-inspired alternative to the Building Research Establishment’s ‘universal method’ for assessing the sustainability of a given building or urban design. This proposal is constructed on the basis that all assessments should be undertaken within the design process; by those responsible for making these design decisions; and based on their speculations about what might become of the scheme. The study goes on to test the practicable viability of this proposed method, termed the ‘Speculative and Immanent Assessment Method’ (SIAM), through a series of interviews with professional actors working in design, development, assessment and regulatory roles. The results of these two research stages suggest that Deleuze’s concepts can be made useful to practice, but doing so demands that the researcher adapts, re-creates and expands Deleuze’s concepts to meet the specific, practical demands of the field.
23
Falcon, Joshua. "The Ethical Import of Entheogens." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The term entheogen refers to drugs—including the artificial substances and active principles drawn from them—which are known to produce ecstasy and have been used traditionally in certain religious and shamanic contexts. The entheogenic experiences provoked by entheogens are described by users in myriad ways, including in spiritual, religious, philosophical, and secular contexts. Entheogenic experiences have shown that they can create opportunities for individuals to generate meaning, including novel philosophical insights, which users claim to gain by way of experience. As such, entheogenic experiences exhibit the ability to influence a change in a user’s fundamental philosophical commitments, or live options, including their ethical dispositions. Given that these new live options are rooted in experience, their veracity gains further credence for users than those commitments they have come to hold by way of abstraction. By philosophically investigating the phenomenology of entheogenic experiences, this work argues that entheogens have ethical import
24
Siegel, Bradley Charles. "Elementary teachers' conceptions of listening." Thesis, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3704530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research study investigated five elementary teachers' conceptions of listening positioned across a complex and diverse state of dialogue. Social studies educational researchers have promoted democratic discourse in various studies aimed at preparing teachers to cultivate active student citizenship. The absence of careful attention to the multifaceted dimensions of listening is a notable gap in current extant research related to classroom discussion. Educational philosophers, alternatively, have argued for the moral and intellectual virtues of listening on equal grounds to its dialogic counterpart: speaking. I synthesized writing from various fields and categorized listening into two broad domains: thin and thick listening. Thin listening, widely conceptualized in education, is further characterized as obedient and attentive listening. Deeper notions of thick listening fall into the subcategories of democratic, relational, and pedagogical listening. Hermeneutic phenomenology is the research methodology guiding the methods and interpretative analyses undertaken in this study. Applying principles from phenomenologist Max van Manen, I framed interview questions for teachers to reflect on the nature of listening in their classroom and everyday experiences. I read and listened to the interview transcripts and recordings numerous times with openness and wonder, yet with an understanding that interpretation is never free from judgment or situated perspective. Findings revealed elementary teachers conceptualized listening under thicker terms when engaging in reflective analysis, although thin listening ideas remained present at times in their thinking about students, the classroom, and dialogue. This study arranged thick listening findings into four broad themes: a) listening to specific students activating new ideas about listening, b) the dynamic relationship between listening and being listened to, c) the connection between speaking, thinking, and listening (interlistening), and d) disturbed notions listening. The conceptions teachers disclosed are significant to elementary educators and researchers in social studies teacher education because thin notions prevail unchallenged, thus rendering an unbalanced and incomplete view of classroom dialogue. Inquiry into the nature and process of listening can inform future studies related to common classroom discussion frameworks, such as Structured Academic Controversies (SACs), that social studies researchers value in civic education.
25
Cooper, E. "The nature of scaffolding interaction : mother and child contribution across time and culture." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2018. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/17883/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Children's learning within the home can be characterised by variety in the cognitive, behavioural and affective contributions of both mother and child, as well as by the wider environmental influences on family functioning. The concept of scaffolding may be useful for understanding home learning processes and provide a framework for new knowledge in order to develop a better understanding of what is required for successful learning at home. The research has three main aims based on an adaptation of the Process-Person- Context-Time (PPCT) model of development (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). The first aim was to investigate the role of the child's behaviour during scaffolding interactions, test the inter-relationship between the child's and mother's behaviours and to identify how variations in these behaviours impact mutual intersubjectivity. The second aim was to examine how person characteristics of the mother and child, along with the home environment, contribute to the process of scaffolding across time. The third aim was to conduct a preliminary study in Russia and to test cross-cultural patterns and their determinants between UK and Russian families. A longitudinal cross-cultural design has been adopted with two-time point measurements in England, approximately seven months apart, and cross-sectional design in Russia. Using non-probability sampling methodology, 68 dyads (children, four - five years old) were recruited for the English sample and 16 dyads took part in the Russian study. The research used cross-informant methodology to collect data during home visits and through observation of scaffolding interactions during simple problem-solving tasks. The results contribute to the base of existing knowledge with a number of findings: 1) the scaffolding process is bidirectional with unique contributions from mother and child; 2) intersubjectivity within the dyad is important in understanding scaffolding interactions across time; 3) individual differences in maternal emotional and social abilities, but not parenting aspects, predict maternal scaffolding behaviour; 4) child's cognitive and emotional abilities explained their behaviour later in time; 5) number of siblings played an important role in the mother's and child's behaviour, while household chaos was not significant; 6) the cultural context plays a unique role in shaping scaffolding practices within families.
26
Bercuson, Jeffrey. "Patriotism, self-respect and the limits of cosmopolitanism: the moral and political philosophy of Rousseau and Rawls." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18422.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In contrast to the common depiction of Rawls's political theory as atomistic, his work is instead deeply connected to some of the fundamentally republican themes of Rousseau's political and philosophical oeuvre: these themes include our natural sympathy with other persons; our innate susceptibility to the pleasures of fellow feeling; the duty of political participation, as well as the importance of civic virtue; and, perhaps most importantly, an emphasis on properly designed political institutions as a necessary source of freedom. What we shall ultimately find in both Rousseau and Rawls, then, is a repudiation of cosmopolitan values in light of their mutual recognition of the emotional impact of shared domestic institutions. Indeed, one way to account for Rawls's rather surprising resistance to a cosmopolitan scheme of global redistribution is to highlight his intellectual affinity to Rousseau, a political theorist committed to both the equality of all persons – in a political sense, at least – and to a strict brand of national self-determination.Contrairement à la description populaire de la théorie politique de Rawls comme atomistique, son travail est profondément relié aux thèmes républicains de Rousseau : ces thèmes incluent notre sympathie normale avec d'autres personnes ; notre susceptibilité innée aux plaisirs du sentiment de camarade ; le devoir de la participation politique, aussi bien que l'importance de la vertu civique ; et, le plus important, une emphase sur les établissements politiques correctement conçus comme source nécessaire de liberté. Rousseau et Rawls nient des valeurs cosmopolites en raison de leur reconnaissance mutuelle de l'impact émotif de partager les établissements domestiques. En fait, nous pouvons expliquer la résistance de Rawls à un arrangement cosmopolite de la redistribution globale en accentuant son affinité intellectuelle à Rousseau, un philosophe qui croit en égalité de toutes les personnes - dans un sens politique, au moins - et à une version stricte d'autonomie nationale. fr
27
Lerner, Berel Dov. "Rules, magic, and instrumental reason : a critical interpretation of Peter Winch's philosophy of the social sciences /." London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0650/2001019766-d.html.
Повний текст джерела
28
Lee, John R. Beckwith Francis. "Is "social justice" justice? a Thomistic argument for "social persons" as the proper subjects of the virtue of social justice /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5242.
Повний текст джерела
29
Canar, Burcu. "Pop Philosophy Versus The Face: Faciality In Dermocosmetic Advertisements." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606836/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis analyzes Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's "
faciality"
, which is not handled in a Deleuzian sense. The opposition between pop philosophy and the face has been studied in order to draw Deleuzian as well as non Deleuzian connections between pop philosophy, literature, theather, painting and advertising. Since Deleuze calls philosophy as the "
art of surfaces"
, each concept has been taken as a surface to walk on. Not only the author of this thesis but also the face itself takes a walk on "
a thousand plateaus"
, breaks into pop philosophy and reverses Deleuzian concepts such as "
difference"
and "
repetition"
. Deleuzian concepts and non Deleuzian concepts face each other "
in/on"
faciality. Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Lewis Carroll, Herman Melville, Antonin Artaud, Francis Bacon, Nikolai Gogol, Edmond Rostand, Carlo Collodi, Franz Kafka, Oscar Wilde, Guiseppe Arcimbolde and Commedia dell'
Arte shed light on this thesis in order to reveal the faciality in "
faciality"
.
30
Tuckett, J. D. F. "A phenomenological critique of the idea of social science." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21785.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social science is in crisis. The task of social science is to study “man in situation”: to understand the world as it is for “man”. This thesis charges that this crisis consists in a failure to properly address the philosophical anthropological question “What is man?”. The various social scientific methodologies who have as their object “man” suffer rampant disagreements because they presuppose, rather than consider, what is meant by “man”. It is our intention to show that the root of the crisis is that social science can provide no formal definition of “man”. In order to understand this we propose a phenomenological analysis into the essence of social science. This phenomenological approach will give us reason to abandon the (sexist) word “man” and instead we will speak of wer: the beings which we are. That we have not used the more usual “human being” (or some equivalent) is due to the human prejudice which is one of the major constituents of this crisis we seek to analyse. This thesis is divided into two Parts: normative and evaluative. In the normative Part we will seek a clarification of both “phenomenology” and “social science”. Due to the various ways in which “phenomenology” has been invented we must secure a simipliciter definition of phenomenology as an approach to philosophical anthropology (Chapter 2). Importantly, we will show how the key instigators of the branches of phenomenology, Husserl, Scheler, Heidegger, and Sartre, were all engaged in this task. To clarify our phenomenology we will define the Phenomenological Movement according to various strictures by drawing on the work of Schutz and his notion of provinces of meaning (Chapter 3). This will then be carried forward to show how Schutz’s postulates of social science (with certain clarifications) constitute the eidetic structure of social science (Chapter 4). The eidetic structures of social science identified will prompt several challenges that will be addressed in the evaluative Part. Here we engage in an imperial argument to sort proper science from pseudo-science. The first challenge is the mistaken assumption that universities and democratic states make science possible (Chapter 5). Contra this, we argue that science is predicated on “spare time” and that much institutional “science” is not in fact science. The second challenge is the “humanist challenge”: there is no such thing as nonpractical knowledge (Chapter 6). Dealing with this will require a reconsideration of the epistemic status that science has and lead to the claim of epistemic inferiority. Having cut away pseudo-science we will be able to focus on the “social” of social science through a consideration of intersubjectivity (Chapter 7). Drawing on the above phenomenologists we will focus on how an Other is recognised as Other. Emphasising Sartre’s radical re-conception of “subject” and “object” we will argue that there can be no formal criteria for how this recognition occurs. By consequence we must begin to move away from the assumption of one life-world to various life-worlds, each constituted by different conceptions of wer.
31
Wardle, Jeffrey William. "A community of (imperfect) benevolent archangels : a philosophical approach to moral education and an educational approach to moral philosophy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021518/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is about moral philosophy, moral education, and the relationship which one has to the other. I argue for a particular moral philosophy and derive from that a view of moral education. But I also argue that the relationship between the two is of a special nature and differs from the relationship which might exist between philosophy and education in general or between, say, the philosophy of mathematics and education in mathematics. The moral theory I offer incorporates a view of moral thinking which is, in many respects, similar to that given by Hare. However, the thesis includes an extended criticism of Hare's form of utilitarianism and, especially, of his rationalist justification for the form of moral thinking which he recommends. The criticism of Hare's theory, and of his approach, forms the background against which I recommend a fundamental modification of utilitarian moral theory. Although the theory offered yields a utilitarian view of right action, it is a nonconsequentialist theory which is based upon a notion of an ideal agent. The theory is founded upon a notion of the benevolent archangel as universal ideal. The moral theory is offered as a perspective upon those moral views which we share. That perspective is recommended as one which can elucidate, underpin and inspire those moral views. The form of moral education which is derived from that theory focusses centrally upon the development of the virtues of benevolence, nonmalevolence, understanding and humility.
32
Hall, David John. "Facets of judgment : towards a reflexive political psychology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2257e7b2-eee0-493e-bd39-eeba4e2c60cd.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The knowledge base of empirical psychology is more expansive than ever before. So too is the impulse to integrate this factual knowledge into political theory. But how should this psychological turn be undertaken? What would a political psychology for political theorists look like? How could psychology credibly tackle the questions that political theorists characteristically ask, especially regarding the nature and consequences of prescriptive political judgment? In this thesis, I explore this issue through the framework of recent debates between political moralists—specifically, John Rawls, G. A. Cohen, and Peter Singer—and political realists—largely Bernard Williams. Deploying the insights of political realists, I argue that moralists cannot quarantine the relevance of psychological facts through the ideal of a 'pure' normative judgment. To explore what this empirical engagement might look like, I contrast these moralist ideals of judgment with Jonathan Haidt’s social intuitionism, which proposes a more affectively laden and pluralistic model of judgment. I then redeploy the insights of political realism to critique social intuitionism, to uncover its weaknesses from the perspective of existing political theory. Finally, to stabilize this critique, I lay out the framework for a reflexive political psychology, which acknowledges the co-constitutive relationship between the discipline of psychology and its subject matter: human psychology. This reflexive political psychology offers an agenda by which we can investigate the political usefulness of psychological and political theories.
33
Isaac, Walter. "Beyond Ontological Jewishness: A Philosophical Reflection on the Study of African American Jews and the Social Problems of the Jewish and Human Sciences." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/197310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ReligionPh.D.
The present dissertation is a case study in applied phenomenology, specifically the postcolonial phenomenology of racism theorized by Lewis Gordon and applied to scholarly studies conducted on African American Jews and their kinfolk. My thesis is the following: Presumptively ontological human natures cannot function axiomatically for humanistic research on African American Jews. A humanistic science of Africana Jews must foreground the lived social worlds that permit such Jews to appear as ordinary expressions of humanity. The basic premise here is that subaltern (or denied) humanity exists in a neocolonial social world by virtue of an ordinariness that supervenes on humanity. For example, the more historians consider Africana Jews as ordinary, the more Africana Jews' humanity will appear. And the more human Africana Jews appear, the more inhuman their extraordinary appearance appears. This symbiosis constitutes a basic existential condition. When research on Africana Jews ignores this condition, it succumbs to ontological Jewishnness and other concepts rooted in what postcolonial theorist Frantz Fanon calls the "colonial natural attitude."
Temple University--Theses
34
Johansson, Erik. "Testing the Explanation Hypothesis using Experimental Methods." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57308.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Explanation Hypothesis is a psychological hypothesis about how people attribute moral responsibility. The hypothesis makes general claims about everyday thinking of moral responsibility and is also said to have important consequences for related philosophical issues. Since arguments in favor of the hypothesis are largely based on a number of intuitive cases, there is need to investigate whether it is supported by empirical evidence. In this study, the hypothesis was tested by means of quantitative experimental methods. The data were collected by conducting online surveys in which participants were introduced to a number of different scenarios. For each scenario, questions about moral responsibility were asked. Results provide general support for the Explanation Hypothesis and there are therefore more reasons to take its proposed consequences seriously.
35
Qureshi, Omar. "Badr al-D?n Ibn Jam??ah and the highest good of Islamic education." Thesis, Loyola University Chicago, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10195443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The secularization of the academy thesis refers to the phenomenon of Protestant colleges and universities starting out as identifiable religious institutions of education now being places hostile, not only to Christianity, but religion in general. This has raised much discussion among leaders, faculty members, and students of religious educational institutions as to what is and what constitutes the identity of their respective institutions. It is in this context that we witness the rise in the establishment of Islamic schools in the North America. This context has generated many questions from the various stakeholders on the question of what the term ‘Islamic’ denotes in Islamic education and Islamic schools. There have been two general approaches to answering this question: a universalist approach, which seeks to identify the most basic element of what ‘Islamic’ denotes in concepts such as sacredness and God’s oneness, and a particularist approach, for which ‘Islamic’ denotes whatever a particular school holds it to be.
This dissertation argues that both of these approaches do not adequately prevent that trajectory of secularization as evidenced in the increasing sociological emphasis in Islamic schools’ mission and vision statement. It is argued that education should be viewed as the practice self-cultivation. It is in the self an educational institution seeks to cultivate where its identity resides. The dissertation seeks to answer the question of what the term ‘Islamic’ denotes by looking at the self Islamic education seeks to cultivate. To this end, the highest good of Islamic education is developed by examining the work Tadhkirat al-sāmi‘ wa-l-mutakallim fī ādāb l-‘ālim wa-l-muta‘āllim (A Monograph for the Auditor and the Lecturer on the ādāb of the Teacher and the Student) by the Mamluk era educationalist, Badr al-Dīn Ibn Jamā‘ah (d. 733/1333). It will be argued that according to Ibn Jamā‘ah, the highest good of Islamic education is to cultivate a soul that possesses adab.
Through identifying the self Ibn Jamā‘ah sees as the highest good of Islamic education, this study seeks to contribute to and extend the conversation of the identity of Islamic educational institutions in North America by retrieving the work of educationalist in the Islamic tradition.
36
Timmermans, Benoît. "Descartes, Leibniz et le renversement de l'analyse à l'âge de la révolution scientifique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212648.
Повний текст джерела
37
Harker, David. "Creating Scientific Controversies: Uncertainty and Bias in Science and Society." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1107692369.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For decades, cigarette companies helped to promote the impression that there was no scientific consensus concerning the safety of their product. The appearance of controversy, however, was misleading, designed to confuse the public and to protect industry interests. Created scientific controversies emerge when expert communities are in broad agreement but the public perception is one of profound scientific uncertainty and doubt. In the first book-length analysis of the concept of a created scientific controversy, David Harker explores issues including climate change, Creation science, the anti-vaccine movement and genetically modified crops. Drawing on work in cognitive psychology, social epistemology, critical thinking and philosophy of science, he shows readers how to better understand, evaluate, and respond to the appearance of scientific controversy. His book will be a valuable resource for students of philosophy of science, environmental and health sciences, and social and natural sciences.https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1017/thumbnail.jpg
38
Abel, David. "Sound and image : experimental music and the popular horror film (1960 to the present day)." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2008. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/7650/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates the functional relationship between sound and image within a particular generic and historical context - experimental music and the popular horror film, from 1960 to the present day. The study responds to a significant gap in the literature that requires sustained and in-depth academic attention. Despite recent expansion, the field of film music studies has yet to deal with alternative functional models that challenge the overall applicability of the dominant narrative-based theoretical framework. Recent scholarship suggests that a proper theoretical comprehension of horror film music's primary function requires a refocusing of the hermeneutic emphasis upon dimensions of the cinematic (or audio-visual) sign that can be described as `nonrepresentational.' This study applies a relatively new psychoanalytical framework to explain how the post-1960 horror film deploys these non-representational elements, incorporating them into an overall cinematic strategy which indexes the transition towards a post-classical cinematic aesthetics. More specifically, this study assessesju st how efficiently experimental musical styles and techniques aid the reconfiguration of the syntactical components of horror film to these very ends. Using three case study directors, this study focuses upon major developments in musical style and cinematic technology, describing the ways in which these have facilitated this cinematic strategy. A particularly useful contribution to the knowledge is made here via the study's explanation as to how the particular psychoanalytical framework applied can illuminate the functional and theoretical relationships often posited between both the formal and subjective dimensions of the post-1960 horror film experience. The conclusions reached suggest this theoretical explication of post-1960 horror film music's function can now take its place alongside previously dominant narrative frameworks. Given the influential status of the horror genre, the findings of this investigation prove useful for comprehending the increasing heterogeneity of postclassical film music in general, and the functional relationship(s) of sound and image in particular.
39
Preston, Thomas John. "The origins and development of Association Football in the Liverpool district, c.1879 until c.1915." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2007. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/9733/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines how association football evolved in Liverpool in the period before the Great War, and how the sport impacted on the lives of Liverpudlians during this period. Specific consideration is given in the first two chapters to the introduction of football to Liverpool and its progressive commercialisation. The third chapter examines the backgrounds of the city's professional footballers and their relationship with supporters and clubs. The role in Liverpool of amateur, semi-professional, and schoolboy football is considered in the fourth chapter. Identities form a common theme of the final chapters, which examine the local culture of football supporters and newspapers' relationship with the game. The study uses a wide range of primary and secondary sources, including some previously unconsidered evidence. It is argued that previous interpretations of the sport's introduction are misleading and that football actually originated as a Muscular Christian initiative by Cambridge educated clergy at the end of the 1870s. Despite this comparatively late introduction, political and business interests influenced football, and in Liverpool the sport underwent an intense process of commercialisation. Profit seems to have been a priority for the original Everton FC and its positive commercial prognosis led to the club's selection as a founder member of the Football League. The scale of importation of professional footballers by Everton and Liverpool football clubs was to the detriment of local talent, although the city's amateur game was thriving by the 1900s. Though football was immensely popular in Liverpool, the city's unusual social and economic demography meant that a significant proportion of its population were unable to attend professional matches, or to make a significant contribution to the amateur game. From the 1900s, attendances in Liverpool grew more slowly as major football clubs in other cities attracted more spectators.
40
Monk, Derek. "Investment in training : a matter for rational decision making?" Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2002. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1740/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vocational training has attracted increasing attention over the past two decades both in theoretical and policy terms. This study set out to raise questions about the management of such training. Evidence from previous work suggests that policy makers responsible for training are faced with exogenous forces that make decision making prone to irrational choices. This study attempts to fill the gap in research on post entry screening by examining a series of longitudinal data. The approach has been through the use of interviews with trainees from selected industries (British Gas, the football industry and the provision of a public library service). Between them, these industries represent a large cross section of the British economy. British Gas is an example of a former nationalised industry that has been subsequently privatised. By contrast, the football industry is(and always has been) in private "hands". Finally, this study examined the provision of ICT training given to public library service personnel in both the UK and Finland. The aim, in all cases, was to assess whether resources devoted to training were used efficiently. A second aim was to locate the findings in the context of a debate between the neoclassical school of economic analysis and its institutional rival, especially Internal Labour Market theory. The evidence suggests that institutional theory explains post entry progression better than its neoclassical rival. Furthermore, the research also concludes that managers charged with the task of implementing training schemes frequently do not evaluate them and as a consequence, the stated aims of organisations' training strategies are not realised. This situation is likely to continue unless more thought is given to the issue of monitoring training carefully both at a micro and macro level. Ultimately, this research demonstrates that industry-wide (or macroeconomic) policies designed to increase employees' skills do not necessarily result in the desired gains at a local (or microeconomic) level.
41
Vaughan, Amanda Elaine. "An evolutionary perspective of human female rape." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2002. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1747/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis assessed whether rape is an adaptive mating strategy. which was naturally selected for in our ancestral past. It investigated a number of constructs. namely: fertility value; victim-offender relationship; socio-economic status; rape proclivity; actual sexual aggression; and sociosexual orientation. There were two types of studies: studies 1-3 involved archival data, e.g. the use of criminal statistics. and studies 4-7 assessed participant data, e.g. rape attitudes. Study 1 found that fertility value (FV) was related to rape prevalence, as was reproductive value (RV). In addition, offenders with a nonreproductive sexual preference tended to rape a victim with a low FV. and offenders who committed a secondary offence tended to rape a victim with high FV. Study 2 found that there was a smaller number of offences committed against strangers and partners, and a larger number committed against step-relatives and acquaintances. More rapes were committed by low status than high status men. even when the base rate was accounted for. Study 3, showed that there was a relationship between the population gender ratio and rape prevalence. However. the covariable population density was positively related to rape prevalence. Study 4- found that there was more disapproval of a depicted rape committed by a low status offender. A low status offender who raped a victim with low RV attracted more disapproval. Study 5 showed that marital rape was disapproved of more than both stranger and acquaintance rape. Individuals with a short-term mating strategy disapproved of rape more than those with a long-term strategy, and a long-term strategist disapproved of a marital rape less than a short-term strategist. Study 6 found that those who possessed a promiscuous ideology perceived their future life to be limited, in particular the likelihood of being happily married. There was no relationship found between perceived future life and sexual aggression. In study 7. it was found that those who had a more unrestricted sociosexual orientation were more likely to have asymmetrical bodily traits (e.g. ear height. finger length). and that the right hand 20:40 digit ratio (a measure of prenatal testosterone)was significantly related to actual sexual aggression. Overall. there was partial support for rape as an adaptive mechanism. but the studics wcre also consistent with a by-product explanation of rape.
42
Lane, Jeremy Francis. "Pierre Bourdieu in context : ethnology and sociology in the era of French late capitalism." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3417.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis attempts a critical examination of the work of the French ethnologist and sociologist, Pierre Bourdieu. It reads his work in the context both of the intellectual traditions within which and against which Bourdieu has elaborated his sociological theories, and of the socio-historical developments in postwar France which those theories have sought to describe and explain. Following the development of Bourdieu's thought chronologically and thematically, the thesis argues that his most important works have been centrally concerned with the analysis of a series of social and cultural changes contingent on France's transition to an era of late capitalism, an era characterised by decolonisation, the advent of mass consumerism, unprecedented expansion in the university sector and the consequent challenge to the humanist culture traditionally dispensed there, the waning of a once dominant Left-wing political discourse and its replacement by discourses of managerialism, business efficiency, and neo-liberalism. Hence, rather than analysing key Bourdieusian concepts such as 'practice', 'habitus', 'strategy'. `cultural capital'. and `field' in purely theoretical terms, this thesis will understand such concepts as explanatory tools which emerged in response to a particular historical conjuncture, questioning the contribution they might make to our understanding of that conjuncture. The French intellectual field, with its poles of attraction and repulsion, forms an integral part of that historical conjuncture and this thesis will, therefore, also examine how Bourdieu's approach defined itself in relation to the key protagonists in that field, analysing his debt to figures such as Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau- Ponty, Gaston Bachelard, Emile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx, as well as his more agonistic relationship with figures such as Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Frantz Fanon, and Jean-Paul Sartre. Whilst this thesis neither pretends to provide the definitive reading of Bourdieu's work nor claims that his work's significance is limited to the particular context in which it was produced, it does argue that a detailed understanding of that context forms the necessary precursor to any objective assessment of the work's strengths and weaknesses.
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Chennells, Roger Scarlin. "Equitable access to human biological resources in developing countries : benefit sharing without undue inducement." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/10634/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main research question of this thesis is: How can cross-border access to human genetic resources, such as blood or DNA samples, be governed to achieve equity for developing countries? Access to and benefit sharing for human biological resources is not regulated through an international legal framework such as the Convention on Biological Diversity, which applies only to plants, animals and micro-organisms as well as associated traditional knowledge. This legal vacuum for the governance of human genetic resources can be attributed (in part) to the concern that benefit sharing might provide undue inducements to research participants and their communities. This thesis shows that: (a) Benefit sharing is crucial to avoiding the exploitation of developing countries in genomic research. (b) With functioning research ethics committees, undue inducement is less of a concern in genetic research than in other medical research (e.g. clinical trials). (c) Concerns remain over research involving indigenous populations and some recommendations are provided. In drawing its conclusions, the thesis resolves a highly pressing topic in global bioethics and international law. Originally, it combines bioethical argument with jurisprudence, in particular reference to the law of equity and the legal concepts of duress (coercion), unconscionable dealing, and undue influence.
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Ferreira, Marcelo Josà Monteiro. "ContribuiÃÃes epistemolÃgicas/metodolÃgicas para o fortalecimento de uma (cons)ciÃncia emancipadora." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8040.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO paradigma hegemÃnico de ciÃncia, apesar de suas inquestionÃveis contribuiÃÃes à sociedade, encontra-se em meio a uma descrenÃa Ãtica e epistemolÃgica crescente. Fruto de uma racionalidade que desprezou uma reflexÃo ontolÃgica sobre sua prÃxis, contribuiu para criar novos e complexos problemas, colocando em risco a prÃpria sobrevivÃncia da humanidade. Na atual configuraÃÃo social, temos problemas modernos para os quais nÃo dispomos de soluÃÃes modernas. Tal situaÃÃo tenciona para a construÃÃo de uma nova forma de produÃÃo de conhecimentos, capaz de dar resolutividade Ãs questÃes que a prÃpria ciÃncia moderna contribuiu para engendrar. Objetivou-se uma anÃlise na dimensÃo praxiolÃgica dos pressupostos teÃrico-metodolÃgicos e sociopolÃticos da pesquisa âEstudo epidemiolÃgico da populaÃÃo do baixo Jaguaribe exposta a contaminaÃÃo ambiental em Ãrea de uso de agrotÃxicosâ. Utilizou-se o estudo de caso como mÃtodo, precedido do uso de grupo focal, entrevista em profundidade e entrevista semiestruturada como tÃcnica. Para a anÃlise do material qualitativo adotou-se a AnÃlise de Discurso em conformidade com os pressupostos da HermenÃutica de Profundidade. Em meio à descrenÃa epistemolÃgica que desponta no horizonte do paradigma moderno, encontra-se a oportunidade para repensar novas prÃticas de atuaÃÃo no processo de construÃÃo do conhecimento. Dessa forma, esse estudo buscou superar os modos simplificadores de compreensÃo do real a partir da conjugaÃÃo de aportes epistÃmicos complexos. Fez-se, portanto, transdisciplinar, ao tempo em que objetivou compreender os fenÃmenos em suas mÃltiplas acepÃÃes. Refutou a falsa neutralidade axiolÃgica que historicamente favoreceu os interesses das classes hegemÃnicas, contribuindo para ampliar as desigualdades sociais. Preocupou-se com a destinaÃÃo social do conhecimento que produziu, posicionando-se politicamente em favor das classes menos favorecidas. Nesse sentido, tinha no horizonte a elaboraÃÃo de um conhecimento cientÃfico capaz de comungar com o saber popular, de forma horizontal e fraterna. Assumiu o compromisso de manter o permanente diÃlogo entre a pesquisa e os atores sociais dos territÃrios investigados, alimentando os processos de luta e resistÃncia desses sujeitos. Assim, utilizou o conhecimento cientÃfico em favor da contra hegemonia no intuito de dar voz Ãs experiÃncias invizibilizadas pelo paradigma hegemÃnico de ciÃncia. Faz-se presente a necessidade de elaboraÃÃo de novos processos de trabalho em pesquisa, capazes de incorporar a dimensÃo da subjetividade e da incerteza. Capaz de reconhecer na incompletude do saber cientÃfico, a conjuntura favorÃvel para a tessitura de novas relaÃÃes com os saberes camponeses, indÃgenas e tradicionais.
The hegemonic paradigm of science, regardless of its unquestionable contributions to society, is in the middle of an increasing ethical and epistemological disbelief. The result of a rationality that flouted an ontological reflection about its praxis, it contributed to create new complex problems, endangering the very survival of mankind. In the present social configuration, we have modern problems to which we have no modern solutions. Such a situation tends to the construction of a new form of knowledge production, able to give resolution to problems that modern science itself has contributed to engender. This work aims to objective an analysis in the praxeological dimension of the theoretical-methological and sociopolitical presuppositions of the research âEpistemological study of the population of low Jaguaribe exposed to environmental contamination in area of agrotoxic usageâ. The case study method was used, preceded by the use of focal groups, interview in depth and semi-structured interview as technique. For the analysis of the qualitative material the Discourse Analysis in conformity with the presuppositions of the Hermeneutics of Profundity was adopted. In the midst of the epistemological disbelief that arises in the horizon of the modern paradigm, it is possible to find an opportunity to rethink new performance practices in the process of knowledge construction. This way, this study aimed to surpass the simplifier ways of understanding of reality from the conjugation of complex epistemological inputs. It was, then, transdisciplinary, since it aimed to understand the phenomenon in its multiple meanings. It refuted the false axiological neutrality that has historically favored the interests of the hegemonic classes, contributing to widen the social inequalities. The social destination of the knowledge produced was a preoccupation in this work, positioning itself in favor of the less favored social classes. In this way, the elaboration of a scientific knowledge able to commune with the popular wisdom was aimed, in a horizontal and fraternal manner. The commitment of maintenance of a permanent dialogue between the research and the social actors of the investigated territories was set, feeding the processes of fight and resistance of those communities. Thus, it used the scientific knowledge in favor of the counter hegemony with the intention of giving a voice to the experiences that were not made viable by the hegemonic paradigm of science. The need of an elaboration of new work processes in research, able to incorporate the dimension of the subjectivity and uncertainty is a present demand. One able to acknowledge in the incompleteness of the scientific knowledge, the favorable conjuncture for the making of new relations with the rustic peopleâs wisdom, Indians and traditional.
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Wong, Man-kin. "Cong duo yuan zhu yi de guan dian kan ying de de yi yi : dui Wo'erze (Michael Walzer) zheng yi li lun de chan shi /." View abstract or full-text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?HUMA%202003%20WONGM.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 119-123). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Estudillo, Alejandro J. "Multisensory and gaze-contingent stimulation of the own face." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/53691/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When observers’ own face is stroked in synchrony, but not in asynchrony with another face, they tend to perceive that face as more similar to their own and report that it belongs to them. This “enfacement effect” appears to be a compelling illusion and also modulates social cognitive processes. This thesis further examined the effect of such synchronous multisensory stimulation on physical and psychological aspects of the self. Chapter 2 explored whether multisensory facial stimulation can reduce racial prejudice. White observers’ faces were stroked with a cotton bud while they watched a black face being stroked in synchrony. This was compared with a no-touch and an asynchronous stroking condition. Across three experiments, observers consistently reported an enfacement illusion after the synchronous condition. However, this effect did not produce concurrent changes in implicit or explicit racial prejudice. Chapter 3 explored whether a similar enfacement effect can be elicited with a novel gaze-contingent mirror paradigm. In this paradigm, an onscreen face either mimicked observers’ own eye-gaze behaviour (congruent condition), moved its eyes in different directions to observers’ eyes (incongruent condition), or remains unresponsive to the observers’ gaze (neutral condition). Observers experienced a consistent enfacement illusion after the congruent condition across two of three experiments. However, while the mimicry of the onscreen face affected observers’ phenomenological experience, it did not alter their perceptual self-representations. A final experiment, in Chapter 4, further investigated the cognitive locus of the enfacement effect by using ERPs. Observers were exposed to blocks of synchronous and asynchronous stimulation. ERPs were then recorded while observers were presented with images of (a) a synchronously stimulated face, (b) an asynchronously stimulated face, (c) their own face, (d) one of two unfamiliar filler faces and (e) an unfamiliar target face. Observers consistently reported an enfacement illusion after the synchronous condition. However, this enfacement effect was not evident in ERP components reflecting early perceptual encoding of the face (i.e., N170) or subsequent identity- and affect-related markers, such as the N250 and the P300. Altogether the results of this thesis show that it is possible to enface a face, even when it belongs to a different ethnic group to that of the observer. This effect is such that observers report that the enfaced face belongs to them. Interestingly, a similar phenomenological enfacement experience can be obtained with gaze-contingent mirror paradigm. However, this enfacement effect seems to be too short-lived to be reflected in ERP components.
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Carroll, Vincent A. "Family Context and Weight Status among 18-Month-Old Infants in Southern Appalachia: The Role of Temperament, Parenting Style, and Maternal Feeding Practices." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pediatric obesity is a major public health crisis in the United States, and is particularly prevalent in the Southeast. Recent research has shifted the focus toward identifying obesity risk factors earlier in the lifespan, as 9.7% of infants and toddlers are at high weight-for-length (>95th percentile). Family context variables have been found to be related to infant and child weight status. A better understanding of these early contributors may facilitate the continued development of interventions for infants and toddlers at risk for obesity.
The purpose of the current study was to examine infant weight as it relates to parent-report of temperament, parenting style, and maternal feeding practices, in a sample of 18-month old children (n = 58) residing in Southern Appalachia. Mothers completed three surveys at infant age 18 months: the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ), the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ), and the Infant Feeding Questionnaire (IFQ). Anthropometric data was obtained for parents and infants and contributed to body mass index (BMI) and standardized weight-for-length scores, respectively. Maternal BMI and percentile scores were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Weight-for-length scores and percentiles were derived from infant weight and recumbent length measures using the 2006 World Health Organization (WHO) Growth Standards.
Results of bivariate correlations showed authoritarian parenting style was negatively associated with infant weight status, r(51) = -.34, p < .05. In contrast to previous findings related to early childhood, infants of authoritarian parents were found to be of lower weight status. This novel finding suggests that the role of parenting style in infancy may differ from early childhood. Further longitudinal research beginning in infancy is warranted to examine the role of these concurrent factors on later development.
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Gregg, C. R. "It's Not So Simple: The Role of Simplicity in Science and Theory." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/97.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The principle of simplicity (parsimony) has long been invoked as a regulative principle that helps guide theory selection in science. However, it is unclear if there is justification for a globally applicable criterion of parsimony. This paper briefly reviews the salient features of what it means for something to be simple, as well as argues for simplicity as relevant only to a set of background assumptions.
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Richard, Sébastien. "Genèse historique et logique du projet d'ontologie formelle: de l'ontologie traditionnelle à la métaphysique analytique contemporaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209965.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail est consacré à l’étude du projet d’ontologie formelle de la fin du Moyen-Âge à l’époque contemporaine. Issue des recherches du jeune Husserl, l’ontologie formelle est théorie du quelque chose ou de l'objet en général énonçant de manière ontologiquement neutre des lois analytiques, ancrées dans certaines catégories ontologico-formelles, orthogonales à toute ontologie régionale et ne se réduisant pas à celles de la logique formelle, mais leur étant néanmoins corrélées. Une première partie de notre étude visait à montrer l’émergence du réseau conceptuel qui a permis l’émergence d’une telle ontologie. Celui-ci relève de plusieurs disciplines :l’ontologie, la logique, les mathématiques et la psychologie. Ainsi, même s’il s’agit d’un projet métaphysique original, il hérite dans une certaine mesure de la tradition ontologique moderne comprise comme tinologie et issue du processus de noétisation de l’objet de la métaphysique initié par le second commencement de la métaphysique à la fin du Moyen Âge, du problème des représentations sans objet dans la tradition philosophique brentanienne dont devait sortir diverses Gegenstandstheorien, du problème des Gestalten dans cette même tradition et de l’émergence d’une nouvelle conception de la formalité dans la mathématique du XIXe siècle. Les deuxième et troisième parties de ce travail sont consacrées à l’étude systématique de la réalisation technique du projet d’ontologie formelle, en particulier au sein de sa reprise analytique à partir de la fin des années 1970, sous la forme d’une méréologie formelle et de ses multiples extensions (méréotopologie, méréologie temporelle et théorie méréologique de la dépendance existentielle), afin de pouvoir résoudre le problème de l’intégrité ontologique des objets.Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Briney, Carol E. "My Journey with Prisoners: Perceptions, Observations and Opinions." Kent State University Liberal Studies Essays / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1373151648.
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