Дисертації з теми "Social localisation"
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Cameron, Angus. "Globalisation, social exclusion and the discursive localisation of poverty." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300598.
Повний текст джерелаRouzeau, Marc. "La gestion localisée de la question sociale : diversité des échelles, circulation des idées, contributions expertes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe management of the social issue in France resulted in the establishment of a « quasi- sector » which, when it came in full force in the mid-1970's, combined the following aspects: welfare, help for the needy & social actions. Later, in order to tackle the « new social problems », a rather general process of social territorialization came into being, grounded in four rather separate fields of action: restorative adjustment, integrative administration, modernizing management and bottom-Up development. State expertise is then enriched by a more generalistic sort of expertise, at the crossroads of the different scales of the various public policies. Since 2005, the newly structured repertoire, known as cohesive activation, has been combined with a more prescriptive expertise and appears as one of the tokens of the new socially active State regime. In that light, the Quebec experience enables one to both perceive the meaning and the modes of the re-Adjustments at work and to pinpoint some of the basics of our national impetus
Lopez, Marulanda Juliana. "Acoustic Communication and Social Behavior in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS016/document.
Повний текст джерелаBottlenose dolphins are highly social cetaceans that strongly rely on acoustic communication and signaling. The diversity of sounds emitted by the species has been structurally classified in whistles, clicks and burst-pulsed sounds, with some whistles called « signature whistles » that are used as cohesion calls. During this thesis, we developed an easily deployable system that identifies the animal producing sound and allows simultaneous underwater behavioral observations. We tested this methodology with bottlenose dolphins infreedom and in captivity. The present doctoral thesis aims to better understand the communication of bottlenose dolphins within their social group. First, I developed two studies to describe how the signature and non-signature whistle rate of captive dolphins varies in relation to behavior and interaction with humans. Secondly, I present the design and implementation of an innovative methodology (BaBeL system) that allows the localization of vocalizing dolphins in a three-dimensional environment, and which can be used in captivity and with free-range dolphins. Finally, I present two applications of this location methodology to address research questions regarding the exploratory behavior of a young dolphin and the use of vocalizations for coordinated movements in bottlenose dolphins
Vergunst, Petra. "Liveability and ecological land use : the challenge of localisation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Rural Development Studies, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a373.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHuynh, The Dang. "Extension de PageRank et application aux réseaux sociaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066114/document.
Повний текст джерелаRanking objects is one of the important and typical issues in our daily life. Many applications need to rank objects according to certain criteria, as simple as ranking students in a class according to average grades, or more complicated as ranking universities. Ranking objects means to arrange them in accordance with some criteria depending on the specific application.In the era of the Internet, a typical problem emerging in the last decades is the ranking of results returned by search engines. In conventional search engines (like Google, Yahoo or Bing ), the importance of a web page is the basis for ranking. This value is determined based on the analysis of graph links between web pages. With a set of documents V={v1, ..., vn}, when there is a user’s query q arriving, the search engine looks for documents in V matching the query q, then sorts the documents according to their relevance to the query in descending order. This process can be done thanks to a ranking function which allows us to compute the similarity s(q,vi) between the query q and a document vi ∈ V . Obviously, the ranking function can be seen as the core and significantly determines the quality of the search engine
Billard, Catherine. "Dépenses publiques, localisation des capitaux et concurrence fiscale : une modélisation en économie géographique." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174469.
Повний текст джерелаLa thèse explique l'existence d'un différentiel de taxe entre les pays européens par la prise en compte des phénomènes d'agglomération, absents de la littérature traditionnelle. Le modèle économique géographique permet d'étudier els effets des dépenses publiques sur la concurrence entre États à la fois en niveau et dans leur composition. Il envisage la concurrence fiscale entre les gouvernements dont la particularité est d'utiliser les dépenses publiques pour renforcer l'attractivité de leurs territoires. Le modèle permet de déterminer de façon analytique la part optimale des dépenses publiques devant être consacrées aux firmes pour maximiser la rente d'agglomération. Enfin des simulations numériques sont menées afin de remplacer les résultats obtenus dans une problématique européenne.
La modélisation montre une plus grande sensibilité des capitaux mobiles aux variations de la rente d'agglomération et donc aux dépenses publiques qu'à celles liées aux mouvements de taux de taxe. En allouant ses recettes fiscales au financement d'investissements publics et notamment d'infrastructures, les gouvernements favorisent l'agglomération des activités économiques et peuvent, par conséquent, conserver des taux de taxe différenciés.
La conclusion établit alors qu'il est possible de maintenir les activités industrielles dans une région qui présente à la fois un niveau d'imposition élevé et une politique de dépenses publiques adaptées aux facteurs mobiles de production.
Mansouri, Yassine. "La localisation des activités productives : les tensions entre forces centrifuges et forces centripètes." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326119.
Повний текст джерелаSoussi, Riadh. "Localisation des industries et enjeux urbains dans l'agglomération du Grand Tunis." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958830.
Повний текст джерелаMaîtrier, Jean-Louis. "La localisation (le privé/le commun-le public) : recherches sur les fonctions sociales de l'ornement : comparaisons entre le XVIIIème et le XXème siècle en France." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0112.
Повний текст джерелаA comparative historical sociological study between the xviii and the xx centuries, "frameworks of experience", where, starting from a detailed examination of diverse ornemental systems (architecture, costume, manners, dance, furniture, etc. . . ), it is shown that their function is firstly to indicate the statuts of a place on a public-private scale, secondly to indicate the general range of communication situation, and lastly to give to "social worlds" a spatial and material form in order to constitute communities. The these has tree parts: one of urban sociology which examines contemporary ornemental situations, the second of history of art and mentalities, which described ten forms of "material culture" of the xviii century, and the third of aesthetics which attemps to define the "res artistica" in an hundred and fivety proposals which contradics and proposes to go beyond the presuppositions of the modern movement. The modern movement provokes a dematerializion and therefore a confusion of everything which separates the political and private domains making visible the balance of force and power, and the subvertion of all political sphere by values of the economy. This resarch which is destined to help the praticians of productive trades and shaping of space, insists particulary upon the rules which in practice determine the distance, proportions and aspects which characterise social relations; it formulates sevral underlaying laws of the production of artistic effect and attemps to pose in political economy, the basis of a new theorie of value
Breteau, Vincent. "Manifestations spatiales de la congestion et localisation des emplois et des ménages." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00690398.
Повний текст джерелаSergot, Bertrand. "Les déterminants des décisions de localisation -Les créations de nouveaux sites des entreprises françaises de l'industrie et des services." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012204.
Повний текст джерелаLa partie empirique de la recherche explore les interactions, lors de la prise de décision, entre ces comportements de préférence pour les aires géographiques connues et les contraintes techniques et économiques. A cette fin, une enquête par questionnaire a été réalisée auprès d'un large échantillon d'entreprises françaises des secteurs de l'industrie manufacturière et de la réalisation de logiciels, en référence à des décisions de localisation prises sur la période 2001-2002 en France ou à l'étranger. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les décisions étudiées constituent des solutions de compromis entre les logiques économiques, les préférences personnelles des décideurs, les intérêts des différents acteurs internes à l'entreprise et les pressions émanant de son environnement économique et social.
Costes, Nicolas. "Choix de localisation des entreprises, intervention publique et efficacité urbaine : Une analyse théorique et empirique de la réglementation des choix de localisation des activités de bureau en Île-de-France." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363846.
Повний текст джерелаLe recours aux techniques de l'économétrie spatiale me permet de tester l'influence des dispositifs réglementaires et fiscaux instaurés dans le cadre de la politique régionale d'aménagement et d'identifier les déterminants de la répartition spatiale de l'offre nouvelle de bureaux. Les résultats obtenus me permettent d'affirmer que les instruments mobilisés ont un impact très limité.
J'en conclus que, contrairement aux objectifs qu'elle s'est fixés, la réglementation des choix de localisation des activités de bureau n'a permis ni de mettre fin aux clivages existants dans le développement économique et urbain, ni de corriger les disparités en matière d'accès à l'emploi...ni d'améliorer l'efficacité économique de la région Île-de-France
Ehrenzeller, Lara. "Gender and its Intersections in Localisation of Humanitarian Action since the World Humanitarian Summit of 2016 : The Case of Oxfam Canada." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444344.
Повний текст джерелаBraga, Reinaldo. "LIDU : Location-based approach to IDentify similar interests between Users in social networks." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENM055/document.
Повний текст джерелаSharing of user data has substantially increased over the past few years facilitated by sophisticated Web and mobile applications, including social networks. For instance, users can easily register their trajectories over time based on their daily trips captured with GPS receivers as well as share and relate them with trajectories of other users. Analyzing user trajectories over time can reveal habits and preferences. This information can be used to recommend content to single users or to group users together based on similar trajectories and/or preferences. Recording GPS tracks generates very large amounts of data. Therefore clustering algorithms are required to efficiently analyze such data. In this thesis, we focus on investigating ways of efficiently analyzing user trajectories, extracting user preferences from them and identifying similar interests between users. We demonstrate an algorithm for clustering user GPS trajectories. In addition, we propose an algorithm to correlate trajectories based on near points between two or more users. The final results provided interesting avenues for exploring Location-based Social Network (LBSN) applications
Cosnita, Andreea. "Essais sur les concentrations horizontales : stratégies des entreprises et stratégies des autorités de concurrence." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136556.
Повний текст джерелаPIET, Laurent. "Spatialisation d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable pour l'étude de la localisation des activités agricoles à une échelle infra-nationale." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005645.
Повний текст джерелаWerquin, Thomas. "Impact de l'infrastructure culturelle sur le développement économique local - Elaboration d'une méthode d'évaluation ex-post et application à Lille2004 Capitale européenne de la Culture." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083855.
Повний текст джерелаLa thèse a proposé l'évaluation de quatre éléments : (1) l'impact des dépenses de l'infrastructure culturelle ; (2) les effets en terme de rayonnement pour le territoire ; (3) les conséquences pour l'attractivité du territoire ; et enfin (4) les effets des dépenses des visiteurs de l'infrastructure culturelle pour le commerce local.
En élaborant une méthode et en l'appliquant à Lille2004, cette thèse montre d'abord qu'il est possible de mesurer l'impact économique de l'infrastructure culturelle sur le développement économique local à l'aide d'une série d'indicateurs. Ces derniers ont été construits en dialogue avec l'analyse préalable de l'effet multiplicateur et des effets externes, des mécanismes de la construction de l'image et de la notoriété et de la formation des choix de localisation des agents économiques.
La thèse montre ensuite qu'un impact économique positif de l'infrastructure culturelle n'est pas si évident. En effet, l'évaluation de Lille2004 aboutit à des résultats mitigés. D'abord, l'impact médiatique de Lille2004 est limité et les effets en terme de rayonnement apparaissent faibles. Ceci n'a cependant pas empêché l'événement d'être un succès touristique incontestable se traduisant par une hausse sensible de l'activité du secteur des cafés-hôtels et restaurants situés sur la commune de Lille, sans pour autant générer une création significative d'emplois.
Muller, Philippe. "Eléments pour une caractérisation abstraite du verbe anglais " want "." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01038029.
Повний текст джерелаRamos, José María. "Alternative futures of globalisation a socio-ecological study of the world social forum process." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40986/1/Jose_Ramos_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаErragne, Aude. "Les petits métiers à Rome de la fin de la République romaine et du Haut-Empire : définitions, structures et localisation dans la ville." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20029.
Повний текст джерелаEmond, Céline. "Les transferts sociaux locaux, entre interactions stratégiques et déterminants des choix résidentiels : une contribution empirique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0048.
Повний текст джерелаFrench policies of redistribution set at the local level are little known and have not been the topic of many works. Yet they represent a major challenge. They include a multitude of benefits that fit family configurations in different territories. They are a flexible tool, widely used by local governments and which may have a significant impact on poor households.The decentralized nature of local redistribution policies naturally raises two main questions corresponding to the two aspects studied in this thesis. First, we question the political choices that guide the provision of local social transfers. We base our analysis on the literature about strategic interactions which suggests that local policy-makers adopt strategic behavior relying on the comparison of surrounding governments. Numerous studies in many countries have reported the presence of strategic interactions in the setting of local tax rates. Those focusing on the spending side are less frequent. We show that strategic interactions also exist when deciding the level of social transfers at the local level. One can observe mimicry mecanisms. Our work shows that, between the two origins of this phenomenon that are usually put forward, yardstick comparison and mobility, the second plays a significant role. Local authorities tend to increase their level of generosity when the mobility levels of individuals are low.Second, the other consequence of the decentralization of local social transfers is related to the different types of households' demand for redistribution. We study the choices of households in terms of residential mobility and location associated with the supply of local public goods and services. We question the adverse selection phenomena related to local political choices. The results emphasize the fact that poor households are less mobile and experience more downward residential trajectories. We also show that the generosity of cities plays a significant role in the location of the households
Pardiñas, Mir Jorge Arturo. "Contribution à l'étude de la détection des signaux UWB. Etude et implémentation d'un récepteur ad hoc multicapteurs. Applications indoor de localisation." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814663.
Повний текст джерелаHofleitner, Aude. "Développement d'un modèle d'estimation des variables de trafic urbain basé sur l'utilisation des technologies de géolocalisation." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00798239.
Повний текст джерелаChelly, Magda Lilia. "Propagation d'une position dans les réseaux connectés." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843587.
Повний текст джерелаAlvarez, Rojas Ana Maria. "Choix résidentiel de localisation et modes de vie urbains de familles de classe moyenne dans la Région Métropolitaine de Santiago au Chili." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907411.
Повний текст джерелаBen, Kheder Sonia. "Environmental regulation, foreign direct investment and pollution." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608641.
Повний текст джерелаLessoua, Albert. "Impacts distributifs de la pollution atmosphérique et bénéfices des politiques environnementales : une application à la Haute-Normandie." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUED002.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this research is to analyse the distributive impacts of air pollution and to assess the monetary value of environmental policies benefits in Haute-Normandie. The hypothesis to be tested is that the exposure to air pollution is regressive across income groups in this region. The results reveal that households by income and households by socioeconomic status are disproportionately exposed to local air pollution, indicating that the distribution of air pollution reduction in Rouen and Le Havre are estimated at € 8,085 million per year and €5,62 million per year respectively. These benefits enable the implementation of social policy in order to reduce the negative distributive effects due to air pollution externalities
Homocianu, Marius. "Modélisation de l'intéraction transport-urbanisme - Choix résidentiels des ménages dans l'aire urbaine de Lyon." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359302.
Повний текст джерелаEn termes de résultats, du côté de la mobilité résidentielle, il faut retenir que les variables qui expliquent la variation du degré de mobilité (du taux de déménagement) des ménages sont l'âge de la personne de référence du ménage, le nombre d'enfants et le statut d'occupation du logement. En ce qui concerne la localisation des ménages, les préférences des ménages pour une zone ou autre sont liées aux caractéristiques de celles-ci et notamment à l'accessibilité aux différentes opportunités et services, ce qui confirme que parmi les facteurs qui influencent le comportement de localisation des ménages on retrouve les accessibilités, et donc, l'hypothèse de l'existence d'un lien entre transports et urbanisme. On a également trouvé que les caractéristiques des ménages comme l'âge de la personne de référence, le revenu ou le nombre de personnes ont une influence sur leurs choix de localisation.
L'étude et les résultats des modèles suggèrent que des améliorations et nouvelles pistes de recherche sont possibles. Ainsi, du côté de la mobilité résidentielle, il pourrait y avoir d'autres variables qui motivent les ménages à changer de logement, comme des caractéristiques des logements, de l'environnement résidentiel ou d'autres caractéristiques des ménages non observées. Il serait aussi intéressant d'estimer le modèle de localisation a un niveau géographique encore plus fin (à l'îlot). D'autres alternatives de modélisation des décisions résidentielles des ménages seraient de modéliser une structure hiérarchisée des choix, par un modèle logit hiérarchique ou emboîté, ou bien de modéliser la trajectoire de vie, avec ses composantes familiale, résidentielle et professionnelle, qui sont en interdépendance (à condition de la disponibilité des données nécessaires).
Momont, Ludovic. "Sélection de l'habitat et organisation sociale de l'éléphant de forêt, Loxodonta africana cyclotis (Matschie 1900), au Gabon." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0015.
Повний текст джерелаThe African forest elephant differs from the savannah elephant in many morphological, ecological and genetic characteristics; however, few studies have focussed on the forest elephant, despite it being threatened by hunting and the destruction of primary forest habitat. This study has investigated the habitat use of the forest elephant using two natural open areas in the centre of primary forest; an area of savannah, marsh and fragmented forest in Lopé National Park, and a clearing rich in salts and minerals in Ivindo National Park. Habitat choice by forest elephants in Lopé was measured using fresh dung-counts, monitored monthly on fixed transects in the four main habitat types. Marantaceae forest and savannah marshlands were the habitat types most frequently used by the local population, but alternately during the course of the year. Visual identification of individual elephants on a standardised circuit showed that the savannah attracted almost exclusively females accompanied by their young, and young solitary males, and probably acted as a feeding area. Data on the movements of four female adults, using GPS telemetry, indicated that although the savannah zone was important at the year and season level, the animals also used different types of forest, making trips between open and closed habitat. Studies of fruiting phenology indicated that animals used increasingly open habitat as forest fruit availability decreased. The monitoring of two female adults and two male adults by GPS telemetry in an entirely forested region of Ivindo National Park showed that these animals moved between two fixed areas of their individual home ranges; the clearing, or ‘bai’, and a principal feeding area. Langoué bai was mainly used by the resident population for the consumption of mineral salts, but also served as a meeting place, especially for the male adults who then established a hierarchy amongst themselves. The movements and the home ranges of eight individuals followed in Lopé and Ivindo NP was compared with previous studies on forest and savannah elephants. The forest elephants studied here exhibited less frequent meetings between female adults; in the forest the most stable social unit was composed of the mother and her young dependant, and in the savannah groups of two female adults and their dependants were more common. This therefore differs from the social organisation of the savannah elephant and the Indian elephant
Cardona, Shokotko Vanessa. "Building Happy and Resilient Communities in the North of the European Union : A case study on Transition Movement in Sweden and its relationship with the EU." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331190.
Повний текст джерелаTap, Jean-Brice. "La localisation des sociétés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1035.
Повний текст джерелаThe 21st century has seen economic actors taken into a great movement of internationalization drawing them into a border-free competition that led firms to relocate all over the world according to their own interest. Nowadays, every company, and not only multinational corporations, has to consider the opportunity of spreading abroad. Against this background, how does the law cover the issue of companies’ location?The location of companies has traditionally been considered as an issue of law, with a view to mark out the uncertain. The law lays down the rules to situate companies within space, but gives in to free will when it comes to the actual decisions. One could therefore state that private actors enjoy freedom in locating companies, so much so that the strategy of location could be considered as a mere possibility left to free will. Nevertheless, the law still has a say in the social decisions that affect the location of companies.The location of companies has become a major concern within the law today, as it is a ground for legal practitioners to actively achieve changes. Thus, the law does not hesitate to question a location or to paralyse some of its effects. Even though the law remains quite liberal concerning the location of companies, it does exert a form of control over such decisions. This control is twofold: not only does it draw the line between lawful and unlawful; it also frames possible legal actions against unlawful decisions. What is ultimately at stake is the search for balance between free will and necessary regulation
Lebrun, Nicolas. "Centralités urbaines et concentrations de commerces." Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009080.
Повний текст джерелаPour cela, cette recherche propose une mesure de la centralité marchande. Cela implique une bonne évaluation d'éléments quantitatifs et qualitatifs. Cela suppose aussi d'envisager les difficultés théoriques et pratiques de la diffusion du potentiel marchand. L'objectif est de connaître quelle place donner à l'urbanisme commercial dans l'aménagement urbain. la cristallisation marchande est-elle un bon outil de régénération urbaine ? Quelles modalités d'implantation et quels critères de localisation doivent être respectés par les concentrations de commerces pour qu'elles participent avec cohérence à une politique globale d'aménagement ? De fait, il est impératif, comme dans toute opération d'aménagement, d'être attentif aux éléments formels et au contexte autant qu'à la fonction injectée.
Self, Jonathan. "Impacts of COVID-19 on the Relationships Between Local and International Humanitarian Actors: The Case of Lebanon and the 4 August 2020 Beirut Port Explosions." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445120.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Grégory. "Essai sur les territoires du judo en France." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808060.
Повний текст джерелаRodriguez, Verjan Carlos. "Conception des structures de soins à domicile." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836000.
Повний текст джерелаRious, Vincent. "Le développement du réseau de transport dans un système électrique libéralisé, un problème de coordination avec la production." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00218150.
Повний текст джерелаYang, Dingqi. "Understanding human dynamics from large-scale location-centric social media data : analysis and applications." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TELE0002/document.
Повний текст джерелаHuman dynamics is an essential aspect of human centric computing. As a transdisciplinary research field, it focuses on understanding the underlying patterns, relationships, and changes of human behavior. By exploring human dynamics, we can understand not only individual’s behavior, such as a presence at a specific place, but also collective behaviors, such as social movement. Understanding human dynamics can thus enable various applications, such as personalized location based services. However, before the availability of ubiquitous smart devices (e.g., smartphones), it is practically hard to collect large-scale human behavior data. With the ubiquity of GPS-equipped smart phones, location based social media has gained increasing popularity in recent years, making large-scale user activity data become attainable. Via location based social media, users can share their activities as real-time presences at Points of Interests (POIs), such as a restaurant or a bar, within their social circles. Such data brings an unprecedented opportunity to study human dynamics. In this dissertation, based on large-scale location centric social media data, we study human dynamics from both individual and collective perspectives. From individual perspective, we study user preference on POIs with different granularities and its applications in personalized location based services, as well as the spatial-temporal regularity of user activities. From collective perspective, we explore the global scale collective activity patterns with both country and city granularities, and also identify their correlations with diverse human cultures
Mejean, Isabelle. "Segmentation des marchés internationaux et globalisation en macroéconomie ouverte." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145745.
Повний текст джерелаCette thèse étudie l'impact macroéconomique de cette segmentation des marchés internationaux. Les outils développés par les Nouvelles Théories du Commerce sont utilisés pour modéliser l'effet des barrières à l'échange sur les décisions stratégiques des firmes exportatrices dans un environnement globalisé.
La première partie de la thèse s'intéresse aux conséquences de la segmentation des marchés sur les stratégies de prix à l'exportation. L'analyse empirique permet de mettre en évidence les déterminants microéconomiques expliquant la faible sensibilité des prix du commerce aux fluctuations de change. La deuxième partie introduit dans l'analyse les choix de localisation des firmes et étudie leur impact sur le niveau des prix relatifs. Elle montre comment l'entrée de
nouveaux producteurs sur un marché national exerce une pression à la baisse sur le niveau de ses prix agrégés. Enfin, la troisième partie de la thèse s'interroge sur l'impact de ces choix de localisation sur l'efficacité des politiques économiques. Plus précisément, elle montre comment les politiques nationales de salaire minimum affectent la répartition spatiale des entreprises, par le biais des coûts relatifs de production mais aussi de leur impact sur la demande agrégée.
Carlini, Alessandro. "Prédire le passé et le futur : rôle des représentations motrices dans l'inférence du mouvement." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834893.
Повний текст джерелаCavalière, Camille. "Evaluer et valoriser les apports effectifs des tweets géolocalisés émis en réponse aux catastrophes naturelles. Application aux phénomènes hydrométéorologiques extrêmes du Texas." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALS002.
Повний текст джерелаDigital footprints have invaded our daily lives: captured in real time by various media on Web 2.0 platforms and mainly by smartphones, they offer the advantage of being frequently geolocated. These footprints thus constitute virtual markers attesting to the physical presence of an individual in a given space at a given time. That is why they were quickly integrated into the research and considered as the opportunity to build a knowledge of social phenomena using a bottom-up approach. The doctoral research focuses on a particular digital footprint, geolocated tweets, in the context of hydrometeorological risks. Due to the many violent phenomena that occurred in the early 2010s, natural disaster and risk management was one of the first topics considered to explore the potential of geolocated tweets as a new source of field information. However, the geographical study of these footprints encounters difficulties that remain marginal in the approach of data analysts: seeing as the variability of access and use of new mobile digital technologies, what is the social and spatial representativeness of these footprints? How to consider the tools of the spatial analysis and the cartography regarding these new types of heterogeneous data that are acquired outside any conventional norm? In this research, we explore these questions from the extreme phenomena of hydrometeorological origin, which occurred in Texas in the spring of 2016 and in August 2017. We explore semantic and spatial extraction methods to build a corpus of tweets relating to the phenomena studied (named crisis tweets). In a second step, the analysis of crisis tweets is focused on three axes: we explore the spatial and statistical behaviors of places of virtual activity and look for socio-spatial factors that explain its spatial distribution. We test the relevance of the geolocated crisis tweet as a marker of the various parameters of the phenomenon (localization at a fine scale, intensity, etc.) by crossing the tweets with official ground-truth data. Finally, we seek to enhance the textual component of crisis tweets by mapping, notably by combining semantic analysis by grammatical category and social vulnerability of populations
Weil, François. "Usines en ville : histoire sociale d'une entreprise textile américaine, la Dwight Manufacturing Company, 1841-1930." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0068.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation offers an analysis of social change in nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century america, based on the case study of the dwight manufacturing company, a textile firm located in massachusetts and alabama. Part 1 examines the coming of the industrial order in antebellum new england. Chapter 1 highlights the complexity of regional capitalist networks and their mercantile nature, suggesting that the promoters of economic development were not industrialists. The following three chapters analyze the consequences of this phenomenon on the company management, the mill environment and social relations, and the community at large. Part 2 deals with the years 1870 to 1930. It describes the reasons which led the company to open a second production plant in alabama, and it compares the new industrial settings thus created. Chapters 5 considers the reasons behind the bilocation, chapter 6 the changes in management, chapter 7 the mills and chapter 8 the urban environment. This dissertation suggests the importance of the social history of business for the understanding of the american industrial development and of the social transformations which took place
Suire, Raphaël. "Réseaux sociaux et géographie économique : agglomération, information et trajectoire de développement." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10004.
Повний текст джерелаThis work enlighten regional leader about the possibility to put the "territoire en mouvement" when these one are collectively subject to self-organization forces. We use an analytical framework based on social networks dynamic and individual situated rationality. We draw two main conclusions. Optimal spatial matching is a crucial function of the composition of social networks (diversity). A social position at the interface of the information sources (a social frontier) gives the attribute od a critical agent. This one can stimulate collective spatial dynamic. These results lay the foundations of a new leverage for regional leader. Since, the position of a territory inside rank-size hierarchy determines its attractivity, i. E. An ex ante diffusion od site's characteristics, dynamic location rely on social networks especially as territory is peripherical. Finally, we formulate recommandations for a situates regional politic based on a mix of financial as well as informational incentives
Ukrayinchuk, Nadiya. "La localisation des personnes d'origine étrangère dans les pays d'accueil." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL12008/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms guiding the residential choices of immigrants, especially those leading to geographical concentrations inside host countries. The thesis is rooted in recently developed theoretical and empirical advances in many fields, in particular the spatial analysis methods. This work followed three main objectives. Firstly, a consistent and sound theoretical framework has been coherently developed to conduct such an analysis. To do so, 1 synthesized results on migration, even though they did not have explicitly analyzed immigrants' location problems, from economics and related fields, in particular sociology. Secondly, 1 developed an applied comparative study of the location choices of immigrants in three European countries (France, Switzerland, and Italy) using spatial methods. ln general, the results confirm the existence of network effects in immigrants' location patterns. The results of the econometric estimations show however, that the theoretical assumption that economic factors fundamentally explain an immigrant's location decision does not prevail empirically. It is also worth noting that the model gives to local characteristics a significant role in the residential decisions of immigrants. Finally, 1 studied the economic performance of immigrants located in ethnically concentrated areas and addressed the role of ethnic employment
Caubel, David. "Politique de transports et accès à la ville pour tous ? Une méthode d'évaluation appliquée à l'agglomération lyonnaise." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080103.
Повний текст джерелаLa méthode est déclinée sur l'agglomération lyonnaise. Nous montrons, tout d'abord, l'existence entre les individus et entre les quartiers d'inégalité de chances d'accès au panier de biens en 1999. Ces inégalités procèdent principalement d'un inégal accès à l'automobile (trois fois plus performante que les transports collectifs en termes de temps d'accès au panier de biens), mais aussi de la répartition hétérogène des activités et de la qualité de l'offre en transports collectifs. L'évolution de la localisation des activités entre 1990 et 1999 met en évidence une aggravation des inégalités d'accès entre les quartiers pauvres et les quartiers riches. Tout se passe comme si les populations aisées façonnaient la division fonctionnelle du sol et la localisation des activités, au détriment des populations les plus fragiles. Nous montrons enfin qu'une amélioration forte de l'offre en transports collectifs a des impacts limités qui souvent peinent à compenser les pertes d'accessibilité dues à l'évolution de la localisation des activités.
Métral, André. "Entreprendre et innover dans l'industrie à Tunis : ancrage territorial et inscription dans les réseaux internationaux des entrepreneurs privés industriels de la région de Tunis." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00497370.
Повний текст джерелаBaudewyns, Didier. "Economie urbaine et localisation: essais sur les interactions stratégiques et spatiales des agents économiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212157.
Повний текст джерелаBraga, Reinaldo. "LIDU : une approche basée sur la localisation pour l'identification de similarités d'intérêts entre utilisateurs dans les réseaux sociaux." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771457.
Повний текст джерелаFadel, Ninette. "La mutation du paysage commercial de la grande agglomération de Beyrouth à partir des années 90 : « Entre Réaction et/ou Evolution des espaces existants Et Production de nouveaux espaces de grande envergure». : Le cas de Bourj Hammoud , Zalka- Immaret Chalhoub et Le City Mall, dans la banlieue nord de Beyrouth." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20055/document.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past years, the cities of the Arab world attended a spread of shopping centers. At the same time and from the year 1990, period of the reconstruction of Lebanon after the Lebanese war, the commercial landscape of Beirut has undergone profound changes with the introduction of the large international distribution and the multiplication of national and international franchises scattered throughout the city and its extensions. Here, the phenomenon is not new to the Lebanon, but the extent that it is currently taking and its generalization to any space of the agglomeration of Beyrouth, alter the business landscape. New commercial structures coexist with existing structures. Thus, the commercial geography becomes increasingly multifaceted and complex, especially with the current emergence of major commercial complexes of large scale and new typology. Trade in proximity is jostled and challenged by the advent of the great especially food distribution in Lebanon. The problem emerges from these mutations occur around shopping malls constituting poles of attraction especially, in the absence of urban planning for their implementation and the policy of encouraging investment for the projects of construction and reconstruction adopted by the Lebanese Government after the Lebanese war. Given this situation, this phenomenon prompts us to wonder about the mutations of the trade, their spatial, economic and social influence their causes and their effects on the urban environment. What are the logics that are behind these mutations? What is their scope on the existing trade and new trade? The problem emerges from the transformations that occur in the commercial landscape and will be processed through the different logical, spatial, economic, social,..., urban that underlie them, questioning their dimensions in each type of trade and the scope of the "large" trade and the “small” ( Le “grand” et le “petit” commerce)
Ndiaye, Ibrahima. "Planification urbaine, localisation résidentielle et comportements de mobilité à Dakar, Sénégal." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1181.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of mobility behavior has not been well investigated in Sub-Saharan cities. These cities are characterized by rapid urban growth resulting in sprawl space, very high population densities and a crisis in transport sector which is dominated by craft operators. These dynamics, which are at the origin of spatial imbalances mean that access to urban amenities becomes very difficult for the poorest categories of the population. In Dakar, segregationist territorial management options taken in the past by colonial authorities, the ineffectiveness of traditional instruments of urban planning as well as disregulation of land market and real estate, have created a dynamic socio-spatial differentiation. This research project, by using multivariate analysis methods (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) is based on original household travel surveys. Our objective is to analyze the dynamics of socio-spatial segregation in Dakar and illuminate the links between residential location and household mobility behavior in a changeable urban context
Rehman, Faizan Ur. "Vers une plateforme pour l'extraction et la visualisation multi-échelle d'événements sociaux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM073/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe population in cities is slated to double by mid-century according to estimates prepared by the World Health Organization. This rapid increase in population will impact transportation and economic growth, and will increase responsibilities of local managing authorities and different stakeholders. It is a need of the hour to convert cities into smart cities in order to provide new service to the public, by using available resources in an optimum manner. From crowd-sourced data and open governmental data to other online sources, a variety of data sources can provide users with smart tools to efficiently manage their daily activities. Moreover, with the advancement in Internet and mobile technologies, social networking platforms such as Facebook and Twitter have become popular modes of communication. They allow users to share a spectrum of information, including spatio-temporal data, both publicly and within their community of interest in real-time. Scrutinizing knowledge from different types of available, rich, geo-tagged, and crowd-sourced data and incorporating it on a map has become more feasible. This presents a real opportunity to enrich traditional maps and enhance conventional spatio-temporal queries with the help of different types of data extracted from a variety of available data sources. In this thesis, we first propose a constraint-aware route recommendation system in lack of physical infrastructure environment that leverages geo-tagged data in social media and user-generated content to identify upcoming traffic constraints and, thus, recommend an optimized path. We have designed and developed a system using a spatial grid index to inform users about upcoming constraints and calculate a new, optimized path in minimal response time. Later, the concept of “smart maps” will be introduced by collecting, managing, and integrating heterogeneous data sources in order to infer relevant knowledge-based layers. Unlike conventional maps, smart maps extract information about live events (e.g., concert, competition, incidents, etc.), online offers, and statistical analysis (e.g., dangerous areas) by encapsulating incoming semi- and un-structured data into structured generic packets. This methodology sets the ground for providing different intelligent services and applications. Moreover, developing smart maps requires an efficient and scalable processing and the visualization of knowledge-based layers at multiple map scales, thus allowing a smooth and clutter-free browsing experience. Finally, we introduce Hadath, a scalable and efficient system that extracts social events from a variety of unstructured data streams. Hadath applies natural language processing and multi-dimensional clustering techniques to extract relevant events of interest at different map scales, and to infer the spatio-temporal extent of detected events. The system comprises a data wrapping component which digests different types of data sources, and prepossesses data to generate structured data packets out of unstructured streams. Hadath also implements a hierarchical in-memory spatio-temporal indexing scheme to allow efficient and scalable access to raw data, as well as to extracted clusters of events. Initially, data packets are processed to discover events at a local scale, then, the proper spatio-temporal extent and the significance of detected events at a global scale is determined. As a result, live events can be displayed at different spatio-temporal resolutions, thus allowing a smooth and unique browsing experience. Finally, to validate our proposed system, we conducted experiments on real-world data streams. The final output of our system named Hadath creates a unique and dynamic map browsing experience