Дисертації з теми "Social influence. Social pressure"
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1
Vamadevan, Arimoto Miyuki. "Peer influence and adolescent substance use a social networks analysis /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2010/m_Vamadevan_arimoto_050210.pdf.
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2
Scratchley, Linda Sharon. "Reconstrual of the stimulus in majority and minority influence." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research attempted to demonstrate that faction size affects what people are looking for when they attend to conformity stimuli. It was expected that subjects exposed to a majority look for valid informational reasons to agree with the advocated norm, subjects exposed to one influence source attempt to validate the other's judgment, and subjects exposed to a minority attempt both to validate and understand the reason for the minority's judgment. Reconstrual of the stimulus was the proposed mechanism by which majority subjects could find reasons to agree with advocated norm and minority subjects could come to understand the reason for the advocated norm. Thus, stimulus reconstrual was expected to mediate conformity and facilitate private acceptance.
Faction size, norm extremity, and attention to the stimulus were manipulated; conformity, reconstrual of the stimulus, and subsequent private acceptance were measured. The stimuli consisted of trait adjectives that subjects rated for positivity during the conformity task. It was found that conformity was greater with a large faction, high attention, and high norm extremity. A main effect for attention had not been found in past research that used perceptual stimuli. It is argued that this difference in findings reflects some fundamental difference between factual judgments (e.g., perceptual stimuli) and value judgments (e.g., trait ratings). More specifically, it is argued that with factual judgments there is an objectively correct answer, whereas with value judgments "correctness" is determined by social comparison. The mplications of the presence or absence of an objectively correct response is discussed with regard to the balance between normative and informational influence mechanisms.
In parallel to the effect on conformity it was also found that higher attention increased reconstrual and private acceptance. However, the Faction Size X Attention interaction, which was significant for private acceptance and marginal for reconstrual, indicated that these effects of attention were more pronounced for subjects exposed to a minority than for subjects exposed to a majority. Majority subjects showed almost the same amounts of reconstrual and private acceptance in response to both the high- and low-attention trials. Since it is assumed that subjects did not have enough time to reconstrue the stimulus before they gave their public response on the low-attention trials, this unexpected finding raises questions about the temporal ordering of conformity and reconstrual. That is does reconstrual precede and mediate conformity or succeed and justify conformity, and does the answer vary according to faction size and attention conditions. The present study could not directly answer these questions.
Although no clear answer is provided to the question of whether faction size affects what subjects look for when they attend to conformity stimuli, a number of fruitful avenues for future research are discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
3
O'Fallon, Michael James. "The influence of unethical peer behavior on observers' unethical behavior a social cognitive perspective /." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2007/m_ofallon_112507.pdf.
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Poon, Wai-fong. "A study of the relationship between peer influence and adolescent substance abuse : a social learning approach /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895293.
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5
Toner, Mark A. "Early adolescent peer-social attributional style and socio-emotional adjustment a prospective analysis /." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050812.150839/index.html.
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Ho, Wing-keung. "Social influences of juvenile sexual offending in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649336.
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7
Stevens, Heather Violet. "The influence of student attitudes and perceived social pressure on attendance at men's basketball games." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ27545.pdf.
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8
Visman, Heidré. "A comparison of the relationship between peer pressure and social acceptability among hookah-pipe users and non-users." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6897.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magister Artium - MAHookah-pipe smoking escalated from being a cultural phenomenon to being a social phenomenon. Studies suggest that the hookah-pipe is a high-risk phenomenon which has become a highly acceptable social practice influenced by social factors such as smoking initiations among peers. What is unknown is whether peer pressure and social acceptance have an influence on the use of the hookah-pipe. The aim of this study is therefore to compare the relationship between peer pressure and social acceptance among adolescent hookah-pipe users and non-users. The objectives of the study are to determine the prevalence of peer pressure, social acceptability and smoking tobacco using the hookah-pipe among adolescents; establish the relationship between peer pressure and social acceptability of adolescent hookah-pipe users and non-users and to compare the relationship between peer pressure and social acceptability among adolescent hookah-pipe users and non-users. A cross-sectional comparative correlation study was conducted with a sample of Grade 9 adolescents attending secondary schools in the Metro East Education District in Cape Town. Structured questionnaires constructed from the NationalASH 10 Year Snapshot Survey, the 10-year in-depth survey, the health and lifestyle survey and peer pressure, as well as an NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development questionnaire were completed by the participants. The Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software was used to analyse the data. The results show that no relationship was found between peer pressure and social acceptance, but a relationship was found between parental rules and monitoring around tobacco use for hookah-pipe users. A significant difference was also found in the attitudes towards hookah use between users and non-users. The ethics for this study included voluntary participation, informed consent and anonymity.
9
Poon, Wai-fong, and 潘惠芳. "A study of the relationship between peer influence and adolescent substance abuse: a social learningapproach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43895293.
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10
Ho, Wing-keung, and 何永強. "Social influences of juvenile sexual offending in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978058.
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11
Colgrave, Sanna. "Power and the social construction of service users and clinical psychologists." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13036/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Power issues in the relationship between service users and clinical psychologists have received little attention from a postmodern perspective. The recovery approach and the scientist-practitioner model as recommended in best practice guidelines creates an argument for investigating power dynamics in academic and practical disseminations. This study aimed to investigate the social construction of service users and clinical psychologists in articles. Twelve articles and opinion pieces written by clinical psychologists and service users were sampled from publications of the Clinical Psychology Forum. A Foucauldian Discourse Analytic method was used to identify dominant discourses and counter-discourses. The discourses were linked to the power dynamics in play between relevant institutions. The analysis identified an economic discourse, a technical-rational discourse and an expert discourse as constructing service users and clinical psychologists. Clinical psychologists were found to have more discourse availability than service users, and in a position to make choices, whereas service users were found to have availability to a limited number of discourses with fewer options of subjectivity. A need for clinical psychologists to make conscious choices in practice was implied.
12
Cox, Charlotte T. "Social context and distress : environment, power, distress and IAPT : a discourse analysis." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13273/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is a consistent research base that shows that class and inequality is associated with poorer mental health and experiences of distress. Various explanations for this link have been proposed, including psychological, social, structural, material and political factors. Experiences of powerlessness and oppression have also been implicated. Nevertheless psychology focuses predominately on explanations and interventions at the individual level. To explore this incongruence, a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis was completed of texts produced by Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT), related to the development and practice within IAPT and supervision sessions of high-intensity therapists practicing in IAPT. The emerging discourses are discussed.
13
Lo, Oi-yuet. "The relationship between conformity to undesirable peer influence and female delinquency : an exploratory study on adolescent girls served by outreaching social work service." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13117142.
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Kratzer, Jan, and Christopher Lettl. "Distinctive Roles of Lead Users and Opinion Leaders in the Social Networks of Schoolchildren." University of Chicago Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/599324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prior research has shown that both lead users and opinion leaders may propel the diffusion of innovation. This raises the question of whether lead users and opinion leaders are positioned similarly in social networks, which we address using a sample of 23 school classes consisting of 537 children. Research among children is very scarce in this particular domain. Our statistical analyses based on hierarchical linear modeling reveal two general results: first, lead users among children appear to possess a variety of links between clusters; second, opinion leaders are locally positioned within clusters of children and have many direct links. (authors' abstract)
15
Lo, Oi-yuet, and 盧愛月. "The relationship between conformity to undesirable peer influence and female delinquency: an exploratory study onadolescent girls served by outreaching social work service." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31248974.
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Peoples, Clayton D. "Power and class conflict in capitalist democracy business contributions, labor contributions, and two decades of legislative influence in the U.S. /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116602044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 124 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-124). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Adair, Lora E. "Fertility decision making: to what extent do adaptations, social pressures, and individual differences influence plans to have a child?" Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15700.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Psychological Sciences
Gary Brase
An evolutionary perspective suggests that changes in resource availability produce changes in fertility decisions and desires, and that these adaptive mechanisms are sensitive to sociocultural factors that act more proximally to the decision-maker. The current work systematically investigates several factors as potential predictors of fertility decisions at the level of the individual decision-maker in a three-study design, adding to an existing literature of fertility decision-making that has focused on demographic-level shifts. In study 1 (N=228, 69.3% female, average age=25.6), study 2 (N=232, 72.4% female, average age=24.7), and study 3 (N=333, 67% female, average age=25.1) data was collected from a general Internet sample and a student sample. Findings suggest that high resource variability produces insecure romantic attachment, which is associated with increased fertility plans and desires. Further, this work indicates that fertility decision making mechanisms are sensitive to sociocultural factors, particularly gender roles and identities, cultural pressures to become a parent, mothering expectations, and relationship status. These findings suggest that demographic-level changes in fertility can be understood, with strong predictive models, at the individual-level of analysis.
18
Moswang, Tebogo Rosina. "The influence of televison on adolescent girls' sexual attitutes and behaviour in Mabopane Township." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23959.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to explore how television influences the sexual attitudes and behaviour of adolescent girls in Mabopane Township. Though the area of adolescent sexual behaviour has been researched to a considerable degree elsewhere, there seemed to be lack of information regarding adolescent sexual behaviour and attitudes relating to Africa, especially South Africa, which inspired the researcher to embark on this study. The researcher explored the adolescent girls’ experiences using qualitative approach and in-depth individual interviews, and undertook a content thematic analysis of the textual data she gathered from girls who participated. A qualitative research design was adopted for this study as it allowed the researcher to obtain rich data from the participants. Purposive random sampling was also used to select participants. The four participants were between age 16 and 17, studying in grades 11 and 12. The results of this study indicated that adolescent girls from Mabopane Township feel that television does influence their sexual attitudes and behaviour. They also indicated that television does not display the consequences of sex, thus influencing adolescents to engage in such behaviour. Related to this was the finding that adolescents view characters on television as their role models because the latter are ‘in the limelight’, therefore enhancing the possibility of them doing what they see their role models doing. Furthermore, the participants indicated that television alone is not the only influence in their lives; other factors such as parental guidance and peer pressure also contribute to shaping their sexual attitudes and behaviours. They also indicated that frequent viewing of television is more likely to result in adolescents altering their sexual beliefs and adopting what is being done on television. CopyrightDissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Psychology
unrestricted
19
IDELSON, Bernard. "La presse quotidienne régionale, P.Q.R., acteur social local : analyse d'un discours de presse : le cas du "Quotidien de La Réunion", 1976-1997." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468911.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail a cherché à mettre en évidence le rôle d'acteur social local que joue un quotidien local au sein d'une société particulière : l'île de La Réunion. Il s'agit de la monographie d'un média, Le "Quotidien de La Réunion", mis en contexte sur une période de 21 ans (1976-1997). Le cadre théorique général, retenu pour traiter cette étude de cas, s'intéresse aux problématiques de la construction de l'événement et du traitement des mouvements sociaux par les médias. Pour verifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle un journal local occupe bien une position d'acteur social se positionnant lors de mouvements sociaux, la méthodologie adoptée a été celle d'une analyse de discours et de mise en forme journalistiques, d'inspiration essentiellement sémiologique. Un corpus d'articles a été traité qui compare la relation par le quotidien de trois mouvements : l'élan de 1977 pour sauver le "jeune" Quotidien, le mouvement de soutien à "Télé FreeDom" (1991) et la mobilisation des fonctionnaires et des étudiants de 1997. L'analyse des procédés d'argumentation et de rhétorique propres à la stratégie éditoriale du journal a ainsi permis de dégager ses propres valeurs et ses positionnements sur la scène locale, tout en soulignat certaines contradictions entre "principes" rédactionnels et pratiques journalistiques. Ce travail de recherche a reçu le prix de la meilleure thèse 1999
20
Vollet, Justin William. "Differential Susceptibility to Social Network Influences on School Motivation in a Cohort of Sixth Graders." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/79.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Students' classroom engagement is a strong predictor of positive educational outcomes including academic achievement, GPA, and standardized test scores. Most existing research has focused on the role of quality parenting and teaching in the development of student engagement. However, some research has shown small, yet significant effects of influences from students' peer groups on the development of their engagement. The goal of this study was to explore whether some children are more susceptible to the effects of their peer groups, and to examine a series of possible factors that might amplify the influence of a target students peer group on the development of that students' own engagement over the course of an academic year. In a re-analysis of an existing data set (Kindermann, 2007), peer group profiles of student engagement were examined as predictors of changes in individual engagement from fall to spring. It was expected that peer groups' levels of engagement would vary in their predictive power for changes in students' own engagement over the school year, depending upon individual levels of peer relatedness, the number of peers with whom the student affiliates with, student perceptions of parental involvement, as well as person-to-group differences in engagement. Gender differences were expected to be non-significant. As expected, results from two sets of analysis indicate no significant gender differences in susceptibility to peer influence. Furthermore, results suggest that susceptibility to peer influence on school engagement may depend upon the number of peers with whom a student affiliates with, parental involvement, as well as person-to-group differences in engagement. However, contrary to expectations, results suggest that a student's susceptibility to peer influence may not depend upon self-reported peer relatedness. Details of the analyses, results, strengths, limitations, and implications for future research are discussed.
21
Idelson, Bernard. "La presse quotidienne régionale, P. Q. R. , acteur social local : analyse d'un discours de presse : le cas du "Quotidien de La Réunion", 1976-1997." La Réunion, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468911/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce travail a cherché à mettre en évidence le rôle d'acteur social local que joue un quotidien local au sein d'une société particulière : l'île de La Réunion. Il s'agit de la monographie d'un média, Le "Quotidien de La Réunion", mis en contexte sur une période de 21 ans (1976-1997). Le cadre théorique général, retenu pour traiter cette étude de cas, s'intéresse aux problématiques de la construction de l'événement et du traitement des mouvements sociaux par les médias. Pour verifier l'hypothèse selon laquelle un journal local occupe bien une position d'acteur social se positionnant lors de mouvements sociaux, la méthodologie adoptée a été celle d'une analyse de discours et de mise en forme journalistiques, d'inspiration essentiellement sémiologique. Un corpus d'articles a été traité qui compare la relation par le quotidien de trois mouvements : l'élan de 1977 pour sauver le "jeune" Quotidien, le mouvement de soutien à "Télé FreeDom" (1991) et la mobilisation des fonctionnaires et des étudiants de 1997. L'analyse des procédés d'argumentation et de rhétorique propres à la stratégie éditoriale du journal a ainsi permis de dégager ses propres valeurs et ses positionnements sur la scène locale, tout en soulignat certaines contradictions entre "principes" rédactionnels et pratiques journalistiquesThe main objective of this doctoral thesis is the analysis of the role of a regional daily newspaper as a local social actor within a particular society: Reunion Island. More precisely, the present work is a monograph on le "Quotidien de la Réunion", in the context of a 21 year period (1976-1997). Within the general theoretical framework which has been adopted in order to make this case study, one is interested in the questions of the + building up; of events and news and of how newspapers deal with social movements and actions. In order to confirm the hypothesis that a local paper does fulfil a role of social actor facing social movements, we have applied the methods of discourse analysis to journalistic forms. This methodology may be regarded as essentially inspired by semiotics. We have analysed a corpus of articles and compared the accounts (by "Le Quotidien") of three movements : (I) the strong desire to save the + young ; "Quotidien" in 1977, (II) the support given to Télé Freedom in 1991 and (III) the demonstration of civil servants and students in 1997. The analysis of the argumentative and rhetorical processes which are specific features of the paper's editorial strategy permits us to ascertain its value system and its positions on the local scene, and also to emphasize certain contradictions and discrepancies between its editorial principles and its journalistic practices
22
Bravo, Gonzalo. "An investigation of stakeholder influence and institutional pressures on budget strategies of high school athletic departments." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1090950584.
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23
Hauser, Jessica C. "The role of parents and peers in children's responses to aggression at home and at school." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1162574446.
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24
Bayhantopçu, Esra. "Analysis of the social representation of the marriage of underage girls problem in Turkey : between the narrative of experienced actors and symbolic presentation of Turkish print and social media." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les enfants constituent la valeur primordiale dans les mécanismes de reproduction de la société. C’est pourquoi les groupes ont cherché à s’emparer du «choix» des acteurs sociaux avant qu’ils n’accèdent à la capacité de décision. Pourtant du fait de la progression de la subjectivation et des droits individuels, les mariages d’enfants constituent de plus en plus un problème social dans les mondes sociaux à la fois traditionnels et modernes, notamment en Turquie. L’objectif de cette thèse a pour objet d’apporter un regard critique mais compréhensif sur les mariages d’enfants de sexe féminin en Turquie, d’en comprendre les causes et conséquences et de révéler les expériences des femmes s’étant mariées avant l’âge mineur (18 ans) et de voir comment elles perçoivent la question du mariage d’enfants. Deuxièmement, nous avons cherché à analyser les articles parus à ce propos, dans la presse écrite turque et les messages Twitter afin de constater comment les médias choisissent de refléter ce problème et de comprendre si le discours adopté au cours de ces articles de presse et messages Twitter correspondent au discours adopté par les femmes en question. La thèse mobilise deux types de sources : un travail sur le terrain et une analyse d’un corpus de journaux. Dans une première étape, des entretiens face-à-face, semi-structurés ont été réalisés avec des femmes s’étant mariées avant l’âge de 18 ans. Dans une seconde étape, des articles parus dans la presse écrite et les messages sur Twitter ont été étudiés. Finalement, les données obtenues lors de ces deux recherches ont été comparées. Cette thèse, inspirée par la théorie du féministe est composée de cinq chapitres principaux qui déclinent une démonstration révélant la complexité d’un phénomène où les acteurs sociaux dévoilent une multiplicité de représentations et de trajectoiresChildren are the most important value and future of a society. However, today, one of the important societal problems in Turkey as well as in the problem of marriage of underage girls. The aim of this thesis is firstly to look critically at the marriages of underage girls in Turkey to find out its reasons and results and reveal the experiences of women who married before age of 18 and how these women perceive the child marriage problem. Secondly, it is aimed to analyze related news in Turkish print media and across Twitter posts and to find out how the media reflects this problem and if these news reports and Twitter posts’ discourses correspond to the discourses of the women in question. The thesis consists of two types of field research. In the first stage of the research, a face-to-face, semi-structured interview is conducted with the women who married before their age of 18. In the second research, related news reports in Turkish print media and posts on Twitter are examined. Finally, the findings of two types of research are compared. This thesis, which is based on feminist framework theoretically, consists of five main chapters. In this study, the relation between the way that these underage married women identified themselves and statements of media are investigated. In this regard, the study aims to make a contribution to the literature in terms of discussing the problem from the sociological perspective and it is hoped to make contribution to the solution of the problem to decrease the number of underage married girls in Turkey
25
Barbier, Marie-Christine. "L' impact du français sur le grec dans les domaines du social, de l'économie et de la politique à travers les journaux "Vima" et "Iconomicos Tachydromos"." Paris, INALCO, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INAL0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'influence du français sur le grec, étudiée à partir d'un corpus allant de 1987 à1992, es plus importante dans la revue "Vima" que dans "Iconomicos Tachydromos", car son champ d'action est beaucoup plus large : "Iconomicos Tachydromos" n'a recours à l'emprunt qu'en cas de nécessité , alors que "Vima", qui reste ouvert à tous les sujets, accepte plus facilement les innovations et les influences lexicales. C'est le secteur de la politique qui se montre le plus perméable dans les deux revues. Cette influence est notamment liée à l'entrée, en 1981, de la Grèce dans la CEE? Elle se manifeste au moyen d'un vocabulaire spécialisé, mais on trouve aussi des expressions imagées visant à commenter l'actualité. Le secteur de l'économie subit lui aussi l'influence du français, mais le vocabulaire emprunté garde un caractère technique, tout comme le vocabulaire social. On notera par ailleurs que les calques - mots calques et expressions - sont largement plus nombreux que les emprunts - déclinables et indéclinables-, quel que soit le domaine considéré. Une comparaison aavec un corpus de 1981 permet d'affiner notre analyseThe influence of French on modern Greek, studied through a recent corpus (1987-1992), is greater in the weekly newspaper 'Vima' than in 'Iconomicos Tachycromos" since it has a wider range of interests : 'Iconomicos Tachydromos" only horrows words and expressions if necessary while 'Vima' , which remains open to all topics, easily adopts innovations and lexical influences. The political field appears to be the most permeated in the twonewspapers. This influence can probably be attributed to , among others, Greece's entry in the EEC in 1981. It shows itself mainly through a familiar vocabulary, but one can also find picturesque language used to comment on the news. The economic field is also influenced by French, but the borrowed vocabulary remains technical, as well as the social vocabulary. Besides, it must be noticed that, whatever the field, calques-words or expressions - are much more numerous than borrowings declinable or undeclinable - A comparison with a 1981 corpus enables us to refine our analysis. S
26
Bradberry, John S. "Gender differences in mathematics performance. Analysis of attainment and attitudes in mathematics of girls and boys; detailed appraisal of theories and pressures that influence girls' underachievement and underparticipation in the subject." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Statistics show that boys perform better in mathematics tests
than girls. In order to make a refined assessment of the magnitude
of gender differences in mathematics performance, a study was made of
one thousand 16+ mathematics scripts to find the precise topics on
which girls and boys differ significantly in performance. These
concepts were found to be concerned with scale or ratio, spatial
problems, space-time relationships and probability questions.
Differences were found in performance between girls and boys at
each ten-percentile level through the ability range. A longitudinal
study also revealed differences in mathematics 'performance through
the years of secondary education. There is no convincing evidence
that the discrepancy can be accounted for by innate or genetic
reasons. Intervention programmes have been found to improve the
performance of girls in the weak areas of spatial awareness, proportionality
and problem solving.
In addition, a study was made of gender attitudes towards
mathematics. Ten secondary schools were surveyed and the results
revealed a marked decrease in the attitudes of third and fourth form
girls. During these difficult adolescent years girls and boys are
susceptible to strong internal and external pressures. Corresponding
differences were also found across the ability range. These social
pressures are concerned with teacher influence, social interaction,
type of grouping, sex stereotyping, choices, teaching materials and
careers advice.
27
Gourmelen, Andréa. "La pression temporelle ultime : conceptualisation et influence sur les motivations au bénévolat des retraités." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Confrontées à des problématiques marketing d'attraction et de fidélisation des bénévoles, les associations ciblent les retraités en raison de leur temps quotidien disponible. Cependant, elles omettent le fait que leur temps est également une ressource limitée, du fait du rapprochement de leur propre finitude. Pourquoi donner son temps lorsque celui-ci est compté ? Cette recherche a ainsi pour objectif d'expliquer la diversité des motivations au bénévolat des retraités par leurs différences en termes de rapport au temps restant à vivre. Celui-ci est envisagé comme une pression temporelle spécifique : la pression temporelle ultime (PTU) ; soit la conscience d'un temps restant à vivre limité par le rapprochement de l'échéance ultime et les réactions affectives qui l'accompagnent. Après un état de l'art sur le thème du bénévolat et des motivations qui le sous-tendent (chapitre 1), une revue de la littérature sur le rapport au temps suite au vieillissement nous amène à conceptualiser la PTU et aboutir à un premier modèle théorique (chapitre 2). Celui-ci est enrichi progressivement (chapitre 3), grâce à une analyse thématique de contenu de 18 entretiens semi-directifs, réalisée à l'aide du logiciel NVivo10. En découlent les variables, les hypothèses et le design de recherche (chapitre 4). Par la suite, une étude quantitative (728 retraités bénévoles au total) permet la création d'une échelle de mesure de la PTU, la vérification des propriétés psychométriques des autres instruments (chapitre 5), puis le test des hypothèses. Les principaux résultats (chapitre 6) mettent en avant l'influence (absolue puis relative) de la PTU sur les motivations au bénévolat des retraités, ses antécédents, ainsi que des implications relatives aux intentions de poursuite du comportement. Le principal apport théorique et méthodologique est l'ajout d'une troisième catégorie de pression temporelle et l'échelle de mesure associée. Cette recherche répond également à des enjeux de nature managériale et sociétale, en étant de nature à aider les responsables associatifs à tirer profit du vieillissement de la population. Pour cela, elle encourage la considération de l'hétérogénéité des retraités pour une stratégie et un marketing mix plus efficaces (typologie de 5 segments de bénévoles retraités).
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Bradberry, John Stephen. "Gender differences in mathematics performance : analysis of attainment and attitudes in mathematics of girls and boys : detailed appraisal of theories and pressures that influence girls' underachievement and underparticipation in the subject." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4338.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Statistics show that boys perform better in mathematics tests than girls. In order to make a refined assessment of the magnitude of gender differences in mathematics performance, a study was made of one thousand 16+ mathematics scripts to find the precise topics on which girls and boys differ significantly in performance. These concepts were found to be concerned with scale or ratio, spatial problems, space-time relationships and probability questions. Differences were found in performance between girls and boys at each ten-percentile level through the ability range. A longitudinal study also revealed differences in mathematics 'performance through the years of secondary education. There is no convincing evidence that the discrepancy can be accounted for by innate or genetic reasons. Intervention programmes have been found to improve the performance of girls in the weak areas of spatial awareness, proportionality and problem solving. In addition, a study was made of gender attitudes towards mathematics. Ten secondary schools were surveyed and the results revealed a marked decrease in the attitudes of third and fourth form girls. During these difficult adolescent years girls and boys are susceptible to strong internal and external pressures. Corresponding differences were also found across the ability range. These social pressures are concerned with teacher influence, social interaction, type of grouping, sex stereotyping, choices, teaching materials and careers advice.
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Hopkins, N. "Adolescent social groups and social influence." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384707.
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Mason, Winter. "Implicit social influence." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3278231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-09, Section: B, page: 6391. Adviser: Eliot R. Smith. Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 9, 2008).
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Gamal, Doaa. "Social Networks Influence Analysis." UNF Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/723.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pew Research Center estimates that as of 2014, 74% of the Internet Users used social media, i.e., more than 2.4 billion users. With the growing popularity of social media where Internet users exchange their opinions on many things including their daily life encounters, it is not surprising that many organizations are interested in learning what users say about their products and services. To be able to play a proactive role in steering what user’s say, many organizations have engaged in efforts aiming at identifying efficient ways of marketing certain products and services, and making sure user reviews are somewhat favorable. Favorable reviews are typically achieved through identifying users on social networks who have a strong influence power over a large number of other users, i.e. influential users.
Twitter has emerged as one of the prominent social network services with 320 million monthly active users worldwide. Based on the literature, influential Twitter users have been typically analyzed using the following three models: topic-based model, topology-based model, and user characteristics-based model. The topology-based model is criticized for being static, i.e., it does not adapt to the social network changes such as user’s new posts, or new relationships. The user characteristics-based model was presented as an alternative approach; however, it was criticized for discounting the impact of interactions between users, and users’ interests. Lastly, the topic-based model, while sensitive to users’ interests, typically suffers from ignoring the inclusion of inter-user interactions.
This thesis research introduces a dynamic, comprehensive and topic-sensitive approach for identifying social network influencers leveraging the strengths of the aforementioned models. Three separate experiments were conducted to evaluate the new approach using the information diffusion measure. In these experiments, software was developed to capture users’ tweets pertinent to a topic over a period of time, and store the tweet’s metadata in a relational database. A graph representing users was extracted from the database. The new approach was applied to the users’ graph to compute an influence score for each user.
Results show that the new composite influence score is more accurate in comprehensively identifying true influential users, when compared to scores calculated using the characteristics-based, topic-based, and topology-based models. Also, this research shows that the new approach could leverage a variety of machine learning algorithms to accurately identify influencers.
Last, while the focus of this research was on Twitter, our approach may be applicable to other social networks and micro-blogging services.
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Bolletta, Ugo <1986>. "Social Influence in Networks." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7332/1/Bolletta_Ugo_Tesi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is composed by three standalone papers. The first chapter is about opinion formation processes. Individuals influence each other according to the network structure. If the network is connected and satisfies other mild assumptions, the society will reach a
consensus. Therefore, it is a matter of interest understanding when the network would be connected
or not. Here, we develop a model where the network takes place endogenously, and agents update
their opinions accordingly. We study general conditions on the initial distribution of opinions
such that consensus will be reached. We provide sufficient conditions for connectedness. In the dynamic model we show that polarization both in the transition and the long run. This essay is a joint work with Paolo Pin (Bocconi University). The second chapter is about
peer effects. I consider how social pressure affects the strategic network formation process. Agents
choose their links subject to mutual consent, and then equilibrium behaviors are determined by an
underlying game where agents choose their effort. I provide a characterization
result for all pairwise Nash stable network, and use farsightedness to avoid cycles. As an
application, I consider peer effects in the classroom. Results suggest that we could set
optimal policies to improve outcome of low achievement students through targeted incentives
schemes. In the last chapter I focus on the interaction between real and virtual life. To do so I
propose a model of search where agents choose in equilibrium how intense is their on-line
activity. The outcomes of the game depend on the network, which takes place through a
semi-random process. I extend the standard random network formation allowing agents to hold a
certain degree of choice. The model allows to track characteristics on the meeting environment and individual preferences that would make virtual and real life substitutes or complements.
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CORO', FEDERICO. "Exploiting Social Influence to Control Opinions in Social Networks." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9941.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social networks started as a place to comfortably connect with your friends. With them, we can communicate our thoughts and opinions over different topics and reach a large portion of users, even those who are not on your friend’s list. This has led to making social networks a crucial part of many of us, providing for example information, entertainment, and learning. Many users prefer to access social networks, like Facebook or Twitter, to have access to news as they provide faster means for information diffusion. However, as a consequence, online social networks are also exploited as a tool to alter users’ opinions, especially during political campaigns. A real-life example is the 2018 Cambridge Analytica scandal when it was revealed that the company had harvested personal data from Facebook users and used it for political advertising purposes. The idea was to target users with specific messages, which were meant to alter or reinforce user opinions. This is a concern for the health of our democracies which rely on having access to information providing diverse viewpoints. The aim of this work is to address the research issue of designing strategies to understand and overcome these processes that may have drastic consequences in our society.
We first consider the scenario in which a set of candidates are running for the elections and a social network of voters will decide the winner. Some attackers could be interested in changing the outcome of the elections by targeting a subset of voters with advertisement and/or (possibly fake) news. In this scenario we present two possible models that, exploiting influence in social networks, manipulate a voting process in order to make a target candidate win or lose the elections. We start by defining a model in which the preference list of each voter is known and give a constant factor approximation algorithm that can be used in arbitrary scoring rule voting systems, e.g., Plurality rule or Borda count. However, this assumption is not always satisfied in a realistic scenario as voters can be undecided on their preferences or they may not reveal them to the manipulator. Thus, we extend this model to design a scenario in which the manipulator can only guess a probability distribution over the candidates for each voter, instead of a deterministic preference list. Interestingly, while the problem can be approximated within a constant factor in the case of full knowledge, we show that, with partial information, the election control problem is hard to approximate within any constant factor through a reduction from Densest-k-subgraph problem, under some computational complexity hypothesis. However, we are able to show that a small relaxation of the model allows us to give a constant factor approximation algorithm.
One of the possible ways to prevent election control for the integrity of voting processes is to reduce social biases and give to the users the possibility to be exposed to multiple sources with diverse perspectives and balancing users opinions by exposing them to challenging ideas. In this perspective we first investigate the problem from a computational point of view and generalize the work introduced by Garimella et al. [1] of balancing information exposure in a social network. In this setting we obtain strong approximation hardness results, however, we mitigate these hardness results by designing an algorithm with an approximation factor of Ω (n −1/2).
Finally, we address the same issue of reducing the bias in social networks by proposing a link recommendation algorithm that evaluates the links to suggest according to their increment in social influence. We formulate the link recommendation task as an optimization problem that asks to suggest a fixed number of new connections to a subset of users with the aim of maximizing the network portion that is reached by their generated content. Thus, enhancing the possibility to spread their opinions.
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Dudte, Kari A. "Social influence and gender norms." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/32098.
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Sigala, Maria. "Tax compliance and social influence." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302572.
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Martin, R. P. A. "Minority influence and social categorization." Thesis, Open University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380798.
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Andersson, Maria. "Social influence in stock markets." Gothenburg : Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://gupea.ub.gu.se/dspace/handle/2077/20506.
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Russ, Gail Susan. "Active Minorities and Social Influence." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626991.
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Förster, Manuel. "Essays on dynamic social influence." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010031/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette dissertation de doctorat développe des théories de l'influence sociale dynamique. Dans un cadre dynamique, les individus interagissent à plusieurs reprises avec leur environnement social et échangent leurs croyances et opinions sur différentes questions économiques, politiques et sociales. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous étudions les processus d'influence modélisés par les moyennes ordonnées pondérées. Ces dernières sont anonymes : elles ne dépendent que du nombre d'agents qui partagent la même croyance. Nous exhibons une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour la convergence au consensus et caractérisons les résultats où la société se retrouve polarisée. Enfin, nous appliquons nos résultats aux quantificateurs linguistiques flous. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous introduisons la possibilité de manipulation dans le modèle de DeGroot (1974). Nous montrons que la manipulation peut modifier la structure de confiance et mène à une société connectée. La manipulation promeut le leadership d'opinion, mais même l'agent manipulé peut gagner de l'influence sur les croyances à long terme. Finalement, nous étudions la tension entre l'agrégation d'informations et le déploiement de désinformations. Dans le Chapitre 4, nous introduisons des conflits d'intérêt dans un modèle de dynamique de croyance non-bayésienne. Les agents se rencontrent avec leurs voisins dans le réseau social et échangent des informations stratégiquement. Avec des conflits d'intérêt, la dynamique de croyance ne converge pas en général: la croyance de chaque agent converge vers un certain intervalle et continue à fluctuer sur celui-ci pour toujoursThis Ph.D. dissertation develops theories of dynamic social influence. In a dynamic framework, individuals internet repeatedly with their social environment and exchange beliefs and opinions on various economic, political and social issues. In Chapter 2, we study influence processes modeled by ordered weighted averaging operators. These operators an anonymous: they only depend on how many agents share a belief. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for convergence to consensus and characterize outcomes where the society ends up polarized. Furthermore, we apply our results to fuzzy linguistic quantifiers. ln Chapter 3, we introduce the possibility of manipulation into the model by DeGroot (1974). We show that manipulation can modify the trust structure and lead to a connected society. Manipulation fosters opinion leadership, but the manipulated agent may even gain influence on the long-run beliefs. Finally, we investigate the tension between information aggregation and spread of misinformation. In Chapter 4, we introduce conflicting interests into a model of non-Bayesian belief dynamics. Agents meet with their neighbors in the social network and exchange information strategically. With conflicting interests, the belief dynamics typically fails to converge: each agent's belief converges to some interval and keeps fluctuating on it forever
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ABOUEIMEHRIZI, MOHAMMAD. "Election Control via Social Influence." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/21656.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past, the power of news dissemination was under a few people's control, like newspapers' editors and TV channels. Thanks to social networks, this power is in the hand of everyone now. Social networks became very popular as soon as they were launched, and many societies extensively welcomed them. They have provided an engaging environment so that people can share their moments with their relatives, friends, colleagues, and even their unseen friends (so-called virtual friends) as their `followers.' In this virtual world, people can also share their opinions with their followers by broadcasting a message. Diffusing information and news among the followers will affect them and slightly change their opinions. When a follower is influenced, she may shares/retweets/forwards the message to her own followers and cause more propagation. There are many shreds of evidence that a message shared by few people (even in some cases one person) has been watched by millions of users and went viral. Hence, social media is an inseparable part of our life that can provide many opportunities, e.g., teaching, entertainment, news, and give us the power of sharing our experiences. Researchers have shown that many people prefer to get news from social networks rather than related websites as they are speedy tool to provide news from everywhere.
Therefore, social media is considered one of the most effective tools to manipulate the users' opinions, and it is an attractive means of election control for political campaigns/parties/candidates. As a real example, in the 2016 US presidential election, it has been shown that 92% of Americans saw and remembered pro-Trump fake news stories, 23% remembered pro-Clinton false news, and a very high portion of them believed the news. Moreover, the campaigns can use social influence in order to polarize the users such that a voter receives specific messages in support/oppose of a candidate/party and not all possible messages. These activities impair the integrity of the elections and our democracies because people should have access to all reliable news from different perspectives to make a fair judgment. In this thesis, we investigate the computational aspects of this problem and study different manipulators' strategies to understand how they work. Our goal is to prevent malicious activities as they have enough potential to cause drastic consequences for any society.
We study different aspects of controlling elections utilizing social influence. First, we consider a multi-winner election control where some parties are running for an election, and more than one candidate will be selected as winners. There is a social network of voters and an attacker trying to bribe some users/voters to start a diffusion process and spread a message among them; her goal is to change the voters' opinion regarding a target party. In the constructive model, the attacker tries to maximize the number of winners in the target party, while in the destructive case, she wants to minimize it. In this model, we present some hardness results, approximation guarantee, and polynomial-time algorithms regarding different structures (e.g., graphs, trees, and arborescent), objective functions, diffusion models (e.g., linear threshold and independent cascade models), and different configurations of influencing voters.
Second, we investigate a single-winner election control problem where the attacker does not know the exact voters' preference list; instead, she has/guesses a probability distribution over all candidates for each voter. In this case, we show that the problem is at least as hard to approximate as the Densest-k-subgraph problem, which is hard to approximate for some constant under the exponential time hypothesis. Then we consider a lightly relaxed version and present some hardness and constant factor approximation algorithms for some objective functions regarding both constructive and destructive models. We also examine some real-world social networks and experimentally show that our algorithm works well.
Finally, we present a Stackelberg game variation for competitive election control where there are two players called attacker and defender. They have a budget and the number of their seed nodes should not exceed their budget. The attacker plays first and selects a set of seed nodes to start a diffusion and change the voters' opinion. She knows that the defender is aware of everything and plays afterward. When the attacker's diffusion process is finished, the defender selects her seed nodes to cancel the attacker's influence over the infected voters. Indeed, the attacker tries to maximize the number of infected voters after both diffusion processes, while the defender attempts to minimize it. For simplicity, we first investigate the influence maximization model of this problem and then extend it to the election control through social influence for a single-winner election control problem regarding plurality scoring rule under the independent cascade model. We show that the attacker's problem is $Sigma_2^p$-hard when the defender is able to find an optimal strategy. We also show the same hardness result regarding any approximation algorithm. Moreover, we show that the defender's problem is NP-hard to approximate within any factor $alpha geq 1$. Since the problems are inapproximable, we consider a relaxed version in which the defender selects her seed nodes based on a probability distribution over the nodes, and the attacker is aware of the distribution. In the relaxed model, we give a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the attacker's problem. We also simulate our results and show that the attacker can activate many voters even when the defender can find the optimal solution. Moreover, we show that the greedy influence maximization algorithm works very well for the defender.
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Okcuoglu, Dilan. "Essays on social pressure: choice and dis(honesty)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457988.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Human behavior is strongly affected by social factors such as norms or social pressure,
and economic decision making is not an exception. The impact of self and social image
considerations is well documented in decisions ranging from contract enforcement to
labor productivity. Therefore, understanding the social and moral dimensions of
decisions remains an important topic in economic research.
This dissertation includes different approaches, theoretical models and experimental
designs, to provide insights regarding the impact of such concerns on both individual
and collective choice. In the first chapter, we are interested in the micro-foundations
of such concerns, and we explore it by extending the standard choice model to
incorporate the social environment in decision making. We define different social
environments, each with different social pressure levels a decision maker may feel
while deciding. As proposed by experimental findings from different fields of research,
the model assumes that individuals are more likely to comply with the norms when the
social pressure is higher. We provide an axiomatization of the model and suggest a
general form of utility representation. The key point of our representation is
characterized by a monotone function which captures the intuition of this compromise
in the following way: as social pressure increases the decision maker, if not more,
cannot exhibit less concern for social image. Thus, the best option should move
towards the norm. This choice data allows us to identify, although partially, the norm
that applies to the decision problem at hand.
The second chapter, takes the analysis of the previous one, one step further and let us
reveal the norm to the full extent. We investigate the behavior of many individuals
who have image concerns and have to make decisions in different social contexts.
Moreover, by releasing the strict assumption on the alternative set, we provide a
simple and natural measure of compromise rate.
The final chapter complements the dissertation with experimental data that confirms
that people are indeed take into account image considerations. Particularly, we are
interested in the impact of advice on the lying behavior of the individuals. Although we
don’t find any evidence that advice is used to manage one’s social image, it can be
utilized to ease the psychological cost of dishonest behavior.
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Millhouse, Penny. "Social facilitation, social loafing, and the influence of task complexity /." Adelaide, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsm653.pdf.
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Over, Harriet. "Social influence and social learning in young children and infants." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54866/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the motivations underlying social influence and behaviour matching in young children. In my General Introduction, I argue that, in adults, behaviour matching is often motivated by goals to learn from and affiliate with other group members (or by a combination of these two factors). In addition to explicit forms of behaviour matching, however, adults also subconsciously assimilate their behaviour to those around them. I argue that imitation in young children may be similarly motivated by goals to learn from and affiliate with others. In other words, that imitation performs an instrumental and a social function in development. Further, I argue that young children may also subconsciously assimilate their behaviour to those around them. The following experimental chapters test aspects of these claims. Chapter 2 investigates verbal imitation. Focusing on the instrumental aspects of this ability, I test whether young children copy the perceived intentions behind speech. Results show that children correct the ungrammatical utterances of an intentional model, but copy the utterances of a non-intentional model exactly. Chapter 3 investigates social imitation. In that chapter, I test whether children increase their imitation when they have a goal to affiliate. Results show that children who have been given a goal to affiliate (through priming with social exclusion) copy the actions of a model significantly more closely than children who have been given a neutral prime. Chapter 4 investigates unintentional, or subconscious, behaviour matching and tests whether even infants assimilate their behaviour to social primes. Results show that infants primed with affiliation are significantly more likely to help an experimenter than infants primed with individuality. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate that behaviour matching is a diverse and important phenomenon in development. It occurs both intentionally and unintentionally, and enables children to learn from and affiliate with those around them.
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Osborne, Delane Julia. "Social Influence Through Word-of-Mouth Communications in Social Networking." Thesis, Curtin University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/75648.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A study contributing to the existing literature by conceptualising a holistic model of the operation of word-of-mouth communications. Operationalized through a mixed methods research design, the study provides empirical evidence of the existence of influence from brand related word-of-mouth communications exchanged on social networking sites. Considering the impact of this influence on the consumption behaviours of individuals, results from the study have practical implications for marketing practitioners utilising social media as a marketing tool.
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Duque, Juan Sebastian. "Social media influence : Qualitative study of Colombian consumer attitude toward social media and its influence." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master Thesis, Master of Science in Innovation through Business, Engineering and Design with specialisation in Business Administration Field of research: Business Administration, School of Business & Economics University: Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden. Course code:5FE07E Semester: Spring 2017 Author: Juan Sebastian Duque L. Examiner: Saara Taalas Tutor: Soniya Billore Title: Social media influence Subtitle: Qualitative study of Colombian consumer attitude toward social media and its influence Background: The reason for conducting this master thesis in the field of Colombian consumer perspective and the influences on social media, was due to the realisation that there was a need for an increased understanding of the influences that social media is making on Colombian consumer. Besides, the main question is why Colombia? This country is a developing country that its level of growth in multiple sectors is remarkable. It is a market that is attracting multinational companies and expanding with prestigious national brands. The furniture industry is one of the most competitive businesses in this country, therefore using every single resource to acquire customers is a relevant aspect to take into consideration. However, the digital marketing and e- commerce are just emerging. Therefore, there is a need to understand how the Colombian consumer perceives and is influenced by the social media. Also, as Colombia is ranked number 15 with the most daily active users worldwide, meaning that the digital market on social media has a high potential. Colombian consumers are different than European consumer regarding online and social media purchase. Therefore, it is important to understand their attitudes and cognition about this subject. Research question: Q1: How do Colombian consumers perceive the purchase of furniture products through social media? Q2: In which way social media influence Colombian consumer’s attitudes toward purchasing furniture? Purpose: Identify what is the Colombian consumer’s attitude and perception toward purchase furniture through social media. Also, recognising how does social media influence Colombian consumer attitudes toward buying furniture. Method: The research design was qualitative and abductive manner. The empirical data was collected through Semi-structure interviews. It was essential for this study to settle in the ontological part as consumers’ behaviour was examined. Conclusion: This research found that Colombian consumers have a negative attitude towards social media. Nevertheless, this first attitude tends to change when it comes to the influences that social media have in their final decision making when purchasing furniture. Also, the Colombian consumer is seeking for information on social media for every purchase they make. Reviews are a key aspect that they take into consideration when purchasing an item of furniture. These reviews have the power to influences their perception of products and their final decision either to positive or negative.
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Aslay, Çiğdem. "From viral marketing to social advertising: ad allocation under social influence." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401679.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis constitutes one of the first investigations that lie at the intersection of social influence propagation, viral marketing, and social advertising. The objective of this thesis is to take the algorithmic aspects of viral marketing out of the lab, and further enhance these aspects to account for the real world social advertisement models, by drawing on the viral marketing literature to study social influence aware ad allocation for social advertising. To this end, we take a first step towards enabling social influence online analytics in support of viral marketing decision making, and propose efficient influence indexing framework that can accurately answer topic-aware viral marketing queries with milliseconds response time. We then initiate investigation in the area of social advertising through the viral marketing lens, aligned with real world social advertisement models, and introduce two fundamental optimization problems, regarding the allocation of ads to social network users under social influence. We devise greedy approximation algorithms with provable approximation guarantees for the novel problems introduced. We also develop scalable versions of our approximation algorithms by leveraging the notion of reverse reachability sampling on social graphs, and experimentally confirm that our algorithms are scalable and deliver high quality solutions.Aquesta tesi constitueix una de les primeres investigacions en la intersecció entre propagació d'influència social, màrqueting viral i publicitat social. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és treure els aspectes algorítmics de màrqueting viral fora del laboratori, i millorar-los per tenir en compte els models de publicitat del món real en xarxes socials, fent ús de la literatura del màrqueting viral per estudiar l'assignació d'anuncis basada en la influència social per a la publicitat en xarxes socials. Amb aquesta finalitat, hem pres un primer pas cap al desenvolupament de anàlisi d'influència social en línia que ajudin en la presa de decisions en el màrqueting viral, i proposem un marc per a la indexació eficient d'influència que pugui respondre amb precisió a les consultes de màrqueting viral orientades a temes específics amb temps de resposta de mil·lisegons. A continuació, comencem una investigació en l'àrea de la publicitat social a través de la lent del màrqueting viral, en línia amb models de publicitat del món real, i introduïm dos nous problemes d'optimització pel que fa a l'assignació d'anuncis als usuaris de la xarxa social sota la influència social, amb garanties d'aproximació demostrables. També desenvolupem una versió escalable dels nostres algoritmes d'aproximació aprofitant la noció de presa de mostres d'accessibilitat inversa en grafs socials, i confirmem experimentalment que els nostres algoritmes són escalables i ofereixen solucions d'alta qualitat.
Esta tesis constituye una de las primeras investigaciones en la intersección entre propagación de influencia social, marketing viral y publicidad social. El objetivo es sacar los aspectos algorítmicos de marketing viral fuera del laboratorio, y mejorarlos para tener en cuenta los modelos de publicidad del mundo real en redes sociales, haciendo uso de la literatura de marketing viral para estudiar asignación de anuncios basada en la influencia social. Con este fin, tomamos un primer paso hacia el desarrollo de análisis de influencia social en línea que ayuden en la toma de decisiones en el marketing viral, y proponemos un marco para la indexación eficiente de influencia que pueda responder con precisión a las consultas de marketing viral orientadas a temas específicos con tiempo de respuesta de milisegundos. A continuación, iniciamos una investigación en el área de la publicidad social a través de la lente del marketing viral, en línea con modelos de publicidad del mundo real, e introducimos dos nuevos problemas de optimización respecto a la asignación de anuncios a los usuarios de la red social bajo la influencia social, con garantías de aproximación demostrables. También desarrollamos una versión escalable de nuestros algoritmos de aproximación aprovechando la noción de toma de muestras de accesibilidad inversa en grafos sociales, y confirmamos experimentalmente que nuestros algoritmos son escalables y ofrecen soluciones de alta calidad.
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Gu, Xiaoting. "The influence of social media on chinese college students' social activism." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/839.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Guided by Uses and Gratifications Theory, this study investigated the relationship between Chinese college students' use of social media and their social activism. Data collected from a goup-administered survey of 309 undergraduate students at a large university in eastern China was used to answer four research questions. The results indicated that Chinese college students who used social media for information seeking were likely to participate in individual social activism. Besides, students who used social media for self-status seeking and information seeking were likely to participate in collective social activism. No significant correlation between entertainment motivation and social activism were found. Neither can socializing motivation predict Chinese college students' social activism. In addition, gender had an impact on individual social activism and frequency of social media use could affect both individual and collective social activism.
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Di, Palermo Vincent. "Social Influence and Organizational Innovation Characteristics on Enterprise Social Computing Adoption." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ample research has been conducted to identify the determinants of information technology (IT) adoption. No previous quantitative researchers have explored IT adoption in the context of enterprise social computing (ESC). The purpose of this study was to test and extend the social influence model of IT adoption. In addition, this study addressed a gap in the research literature and presented a model that relates the independent variables of social action, social consensus, social authority, social cooperation, perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and organizational commitment to the dependent variables of social embracement and embedment. A randomized stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed on survey data from 125 C-level executives (i.e., chief information officers and chief technology officers). The analysis found that executives consider perceived relative advantage, organizational commitment, and social computing action as the most significant factors relating to the adoption of ESC. Executives' perceptions about ESC could impact organizational commitment, implementation, and use of such technologies. The findings could make a social contribution within organizations by helping C-level executives understand the degree to which these factors contribute to the ESC adoption. The knowledge from this study may also help organizations derive operational effectiveness, efficiency, and create business value for their clients and society.
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MARINUCCI, MARCO. "SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN IMMIGRANTS: How intergroup social connections influence its impact." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/309658.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L’esclusione sociale comporta delle conseguenze negative per il benessere degli individui, soprattutto se questa persiste nel tempo e nei vari contesti di vita. La letteratura converge nell’identificare il ritiro psicologico e comportamentale come la diretta e inevitabile conseguenza dell’esclusione sociale cronica (Williams, 2009; Smart Richman & Leary, 2009). Ricerche preliminari hanno confermato che le persone vittime di esclusione sociale persistente tendono a sviluppare uno stato mentale di rassegnazione, caratterizzata da sentimenti di depressione, alienazione, mancanza di autostima e di speranza nel futuro. Tuttavia, la letteratura è carente di chiare evidenze empiriche sul legame univoco tra esclusione sociale cronica e lo sviluppo della rassegnazione o sui potenziali fattori che possono influenzare lo sviluppo delle conseguenze a lungo termine dell’esclusione sociale. Il presente progetto di ricerca ha come obiettivo quello di indagare lo sviluppo della rassegnazione nei migranti, in particolare richiedenti asilo e rifugiati, che sono costantemente esposti a fenomeni di esclusione sociale. Inoltre, gli studi di questo progetto indagano il ruolo delle connessioni sociali con la popolazione della società ospitante e con altri migranti nel moderare lo sviluppo della rassegnazione. In cinque studi, questo progetto fornisce chiare evidenze che le connessioni con la popolazione nazionale proteggono dall’insorgenza della rassegnazione, mentre le connessioni con altri migranti ne aggravano il suo sviluppo. Il primo studio presenta risultati correlazionali preliminari a supporto di questo modello di risultati, focalizzandosi su un campione di richiedenti asilo ospitati all’interno di centri di accoglienza in Italia. Il secondo studio fornisce un replica dei risultati su un ampio campione di studenti, immigrati di prima generazione in quattro Paesi europei. Il terzo studio presenta dei risultati longitudinali che mostrano il legame causale dell’esclusione sociale nell’indurre la rassegnazione, sottolineando come questo avvenga in un arco temporale di sei mesi. Il quarto studio mostra come l’incremento delle connessioni con gli italiani e con gli altri migranti rispettivamente prevengano e aggravino lo sviluppo della rassegnazione nel tempo. Infine, il quinto studio presenta risultati sperimentali che estendono l’influenza delle connessioni tra gruppi sociali anche sulle immediato impatto emotivo dell’esclusione sociale, coinvolgendo sia migranti richiedenti asilo e rifugiati che migranti economici. Gli studi presentati arricchiscono la letteratura esistente, mostrando l’esitenza di fattori intervenienti che articolano il nesso causale tra esclusione e rassegnazione. Questa ricerca contribuisce alla comprensione dell’impatto dell’esclusione sociale nei migranti, enfatizzando i benefici delle connessioni con la popolazione nazionale e i rischi della segregazione sociale.Social exclusion has detrimental consequences on humans’ health, especially if experienced pervasively and persistently over time. The literature converges in identifying psychological resignation and behavioral withdrawal as the sole and inescapable consequences of chronic social exclusion (Williams, 2009; Smart Richman & Leary, 2009). Preliminary research supported that people experiencing persistent exclusion are likely to enter the resignation stage, characterized by feelings of depression, alienation, unworthiness, and helplessness. However, firm evidence of this univocal link and the potential factors influencing the development of the long-term consequences of social exclusion is still lacking. The current project investigated the onset of the resignation stage in immigrants, particularly asylum-seekers and refugees who are persistently exposed to episodes of social exclusion. This project also focused on the role of intergroup social connections with the national majority and other immigrants minorities in moderating the development of the resignation. Five studies showed that social connections with the national group protected from the onset of the resignation stage, whereas connections with other immigrants aggravated it. Study 1 provided cross-sectional evidence of this pattern of results focusing on asylum-seekers hosted within welcoming centers in Italy. Study 2 replicated the findings on a larger sample of first-generation immigrant students in four European countries. Study 3 provided longitudinal causal evidence that social exclusion led to the resignation stage in a temporal framework of six months. Study 4 longitudinally replicated the moderating role of intergroup connections. Lastly, Study 5 experimentally supported the relevance of intergroup connections for the immediate emotional responses to social exclusion in forced and voluntary immigrants. The studies enriched the existing literature emphasizing that intervening factors can moderate the causal exclusion-resignation link. Furthermore, the current project contributed to understanding the impact of social exclusion in immigrants, highlighting the health benefits of bridging connections and the risk of societal segregation.
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Munyakayanza, Jean-François. "La presse catholique et son rôle dans la vie politique et sociale du Rwanda (1931-1961)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839122.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les missionnaires catholiques arrivent au Rwanda en 1900. En collaboration avec le pouvoir coloniaL ils entreprirent des transformations économiques, sociales, politiques et culturelles. Le rôle de l'Église était l'évangélisation, elle avait aussi en charge l'instruction de la société rwandaise. Au fur et à mesure que les années avançaient, les rwandais étaient initiés à la culture de récrit aux dépens de l'oralité. Très vite le besoin de vouloir entretenir les néophytes dans la foi chrétienne et surtout prolonger la formation dispensée au rabais dans les catéchuménats, ils décident de mettre en place une presse catholique en fondant une série de journaux publiés dans la langue vernaculaire et en français. En plus des enseignements religieux, les articles publiés abordaient les problèmes sociaux, politiques. A titre d'exemple grâce au premier journal "Kinyamateka", les autorités tant de l'administration coloniale qu'autochtones faisaient parvenir leurs directives à la population. La ligne éditoriale a subi des modifications s'intéressant davantage aux problèmes sociaux et politiques du pays sans laisser de côté les aspects de la vie chrétienne. Cette presse a contribué grandement dans la conscientisation des lecteurs face aux courants politiques déclenchés à la veille de l'accession à l'indépendance. Pendant une trentaine d'années (1931-1961) elle est parvenue à jouer son rôle de former, d' informer et d'orienter l'opinion de ses lecteurs.