Дисертації з теми "Social impacts of climate change and variability"
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Raymond, Florian. "Longs épisodes secs hivernaux dans le bassin méditerranéen et conditions atmosphériques associées : variabilité contemporaine et future (1957-2100)." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK017/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the context of climate change, as reflected by a dryer Mediterraneanbasin, this thesis focused on the study of the contemporary and future variability(1957-2100) of the wintertime (September to April) very long dryspells events (called VLDSe) in the Mediterranean basin. An original methodologywas developed in this thesis in order to define VLDSe as singularclimatic events, characterized by location, duration and spatial extent criteria.76 VLDSe were detected in the Mediterranean basin on the contemporaryperiod (1957-2013). These events are divided into 4 main geographicalpatterns: North-East, West, Scattered Localized and South-East. North-East and West configurations are associated with anticyclonic conditionslocated approximately 1 000 km northwestern to the areas affected by theVLDSe, favoring a clear sky and no precipitations. The Scattered Localizedand South-East configurations are special: the first one is characterized asa residual class grouping VLDSe with small spatial extent and distributedthroughout the entire basin, and the second one is characterized by seasonalVLDSe which are the continuation of the dry summer observed in the eastof the Mediterranean basin.Euro-Atlantic weather regimes have some control on the VLDSe. Thepositive phase of the north-atlantic oscillation regime (NAO+) is the onlyone that is clearly favorable to the development of VLDSe on almost the entirebasin. The east-atlantic regime (EA) does not show any control on theVLDSe, and the atlantic ridge (AR) and the negative phase of the northatlanticoscillation (NAO-) regimes are generally detrimental to VLDSe. However,some VLDSe can sometimes be associated with AR, EA and NAOregimes.This requires these three weather regimes to be associated withslightly higher atmospheric pressure northwest of the areas impacted bythe VLDSe, compared to their respective climatology. Long duration of theAR, EA and NAO+ regimes, which are coupled with sustained atmosphericstability, are preferentially associated with VLDSe, in contrast to the shortduration. Conversely, the long duration of the NAO- regime, reinforcingthe low atmospheric pressure on Europe and the Mediterranean basin, areweakly associated with VLDSe.Although the two climate models ALADIN52 and LMDZ4-NEMOMED8 differ in several respects, they agree in that VLDSe should be longer by 2100,especially in the RCP8.5 trajectory. A multi-model analysis with 12 CMIP5simulations shows that wintertime sea-level pressure tends to increase in theAtlantic Ocean, off the French coast and in the central the Mediterraneanbasin for the RCP8.5 trajectory. Conversely, the frequency and duration ofthe 4 weather regimes do not show significant trends until the end of the21st century.Finally, a study is carried out to assess the impact of VLDSe on agriculturalproduction in Spain. The number of VLDSe days has a larger impactson the yields of barley, wheat and oats (winter species and cultivatedthrough rainfed agriculture) than the simple ratio of dry days or seasonalrainfall amounts in Spain. A two-season case study, based on seasons withcomparable rainfall amounts, shows that in addition to yields, a VLDSecauses a significant decrease in soil moisture and in the Ebro River flow
Lau, Hoppa. "Impacts of climate variability and climate change on prairie wheat yield." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58810.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаParsons, Luke Alexander, and Luke Alexander Parsons. "Sources and Impacts of Modeled and Observed Low-Frequency Climate Variability." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625552.
Повний текст джерелаParry, Louise Margaret. "Monsoon variability, climate change and impacts on hydrology in the Himalaya." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715813.
Повний текст джерелаCrimmins, Michael, and Gregg Garfin. "Climate Change and Wildfire Impacts in Southwest Forests and Woodlands (Climate Change and Variability in Southwest Ecosystems Series)." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146955.
Повний текст джерелаSouthwest forests are complex systems that are influenced by climate variability. Wildfires naturally occur in these forests and woodlands, but with an increasing population, land management decisions are becoming more difficult. This publication is a result of discussions from the "Workshop on Climate Variability and Ecosystem Impacts" that was sponsored by UA Cooperative Extension in February 2005. It provides a summary of the current situation, a summary of climate change science for land management, and a brief description of suggested future research in climate science as it relates to forests and woodlands.
Thanke, Wiberg Joakim. "Local Impacts of Climate Change on Fortum´s Hydropower Production." Thesis, KTH, Vattendragsteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183396.
Повний текст джерелаFowler, Hayley Jane. "The impacts of climatic change and variability on water resources in Yorkshire." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/432.
Повний текст джерелаO'Brien, Geoff. "Disaster management, climate change and variability and social resilience." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2008. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3142/.
Повний текст джерелаAmbrosino, C. "Rainfall variability in southern Africa : drivers, climate change impacts and implications for agriculture." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1322446/.
Повний текст джерелаRogstad, Alix, Michael Crimmins, and Gregg Garfin. "Climate Change and Wildfire Impacts in Southwest Forests and Woodlands." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/239605.
Повний текст джерелаMahdu, Omchand. "The Impacts of Climate Change on Rice Production and Small Farmers' Adaptation: A Case of Guyana." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89087.
Повний текст джерелаDoctor of Philosophy
The vast majority of climate change impacts on rice production result from variations in rainfall and temperature that lead to flooding, water shortage, and increases in insects and pests, diseases, and weeds. Guyana is highly exposed to climate change. More importantly, the country relies heavily on rice farming for food, employment, and foreign income. Of particular importance are the impacts of climate change on small farmers (growing less than 4.45 hectares) and their ability to successfully adapt. Small farmers are especially helpless because they often lack the necessary knowledge, support, and resources to effectively respond and adapt. Given the large percentage of rice farmers engaged in small-scale production in Guyana, this study explores the impacts of climate variability on rice production and the extent to which the production and output of small farmers are affected. Analysis of farm-level data shows that changes in rainfall have included an increase in intensity and out of season rainfall which has affected harvesting due to poor farm-to market roads, wet fields, and lodging of plants. The main responses involved adjusting planting dates based on water availability and the cultivation of different rice varieties. Changes in temperature resulted in hotter days which increased the loss of water from the field. In response, farmers replenish water in their fields, when available. Excess rainfall and resulting flooding, drought, and heavy winds have been the main extreme weather events observed. Excess rainfall and associated flooding submerges, uproots, and/or kills young plants. The lodging of plants due to heavy winds and flooding has been the main impact. In response to flooding, farmers have pumped water out of their fields. There is very little that farmers can do in response to heavy winds. An increase in paddy bug infestations damaged the grains resulting in lower grain quality while an increase in red rice and duckweed increased the competition for space, sunlight, nutrients, and water. Farmers engaged in more defensive spraying and used a contact chemical to burn red rice.
Shi, Ge. "Variability and change of the Indo-Pacific climate system and their impacts upon Australia rainfall." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2008. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004784/.
Повний текст джерелаNdlala, Noluthando. "Remote sensing drought impacts on wetland vegetation productivity at the Soetendalsvlei in the Heuningnes Catchment, South Africa." University of Western Cape, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8329.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aimed at assessing the response of wetland vegetation productivity to the 2014-2017 climate-induced drought at the Soetendalsvlei wetland system in the Western Cape province of South Africa. To achieve this objective, firstly a literature review on the progress of remotely sensed data applications in assessing and monitoring wetland vegetation productivity was conducted. The review elaborates on the role of remote sensing in monitoring and assessing wetland vegetation productivity, with a detailed discussion of the climate change and variability impacts on wetland vegetation productivity. Accurate assessment results are produced when suitable processing techniques are selected as well as appropriate spatial and spectral resolution for extracting spectral information of wetland vegetation productivity. Secondly, wetland vegetation changes and productivity status was assessed using multi-temporal resolution Landsat series imagery and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) during the wet and dry seasons for the period between 2014 and 2018.
Wohland, Jan [Verfasser], Dirk [Gutachter] Witthaut, Andreas [Gutachter] Schadschneider, and David [Gutachter] Brayshaw. "Impacts of climate variability and climate change on renewable power generation / Jan Wohland ; Gutachter: Dirk Witthaut, Andreas Schadschneider, David Brayshaw." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193649420/34.
Повний текст джерелаJones, Chris, and Melanie Lenart. "Rising Carbon Dioxide Levels and Forest Management (Climate Change and Variability in the Southwest Ecosystem Series)." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146951.
Повний текст джерелаClimate Change and Variability in Southwest Ecosystems Series
Several environmental factors are changing, including the global rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming. These environmental changes portend needed changes in the future management of forests in the Southwestern U.S. Therefore, University of Arizona Extension Agents organized a Workshop in Sedona, AZ, in February, 2005, targeted at Southwest forest managers. This paper presents facts from one of the presentations at that workshop and summarizes what the direct effects of the increased CO2 concentrations are likely to be on future tree growth. It is expected that the growth of most trees will be stimulated by the higher CO2 concentrations but variations in response among species will alter competition among species. The fact sheet also speculates about what the implications may be for future forest management. This research benefits the forest industry, as well as the many consumers of forest products.
Islam, Md Monirul. "Vulnerability and adaptation of fishing communities to the impacts of climate variability and change : insights from coastal Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5321/.
Повний текст джерелаSikder, Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal. "Analyzing Spatial Variability of Social Preference for the Everglades Restoration in the Face of Climate Change." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2565.
Повний текст джерелаHagerman, Shannon Marie. "Adapting conservation policy to the impacts of climate change : an integrated examination of ecological and social dimensions of change." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7903.
Повний текст джерелаKuriakose, Jaise. "The resilience of low carbon electricity provision to climate change impacts : the role of smart grids." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-resilience-of-low-carbon-electricity-provision-to-climate-change-impacts-the-role-of-smart-grids(c139ce36-d73c-4d8b-913e-f66826496405).html.
Повний текст джерелаMbungu, Winfred Baptist. "Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Changes, and Climate Variability on Hydrology and Soil Erosion in the Upper Ruvu Watershed, Tanzania." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83863.
Повний текст джерелаPh. D.
Rahmani, Vahid. "Assessing impacts of climate change on Kansas water resources: rainfall trends and risk analysis of water control structures." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18342.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Stacy L. Hutchinson
Precipitation impacts hydrologic structures, agricultural production, water resources management, and recreational activities, all of which significantly affect a state’s economy. Water control structure design is based on the maximum runoff rate resulting from storms with a specific return period and duration. The Rainfall Frequency Atlas (National Weather Service Technical Paper 40, 1961) (TP-40) provided statistical rainfall analysis as the basis for hydrologic structure design until the information was updated for Kansas in February 2013 (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Atlas 14, volume 8) (Atlas-14). With growing concern about the effects of global climate change and predictions of more precipitation and extreme weather events, it is necessary to explore rainfall distribution patterns using the most current and complete data available. In this work, the changes in rainfall patterns were studied using the daily rainfall data from 23 stations in Kansas and 15 stations from adjacent states with daily rainfall data of 1890 through 2012. Analysis showed an increase in extreme precipitation events in Kansas with increase in magnitude from the northwest to southeast part of the state. A comparison of results of the TP-40 analysis to period 1980–2009, showed that approximately 84% of the state had an increase in short-term rainfall event magnitudes. In addition, trend analyzes on the total annual rainfall indicated a gradual increase at 21 out of 23 stations, including eight statistically significant trends. A change-point analysis detected a significant sudden change at twelve stations as early as 1940 and as recently as 1980. The increasing trend, particularly after the significant change-points, is useful in updating water management plans and can assist with agricultural production decisions such as crop selection and new plant variety development. A comparison between 10-yr, 24-hr storms from TP-40 and Atlas-14 indicated a change of -12% to 5% in Kansas. However, the number of exceedances from the 10-yr, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 7-, and 10-day storms demonstrated a tendency towards more exceedances, particularly in the last five decades. Results of this study are useful for hydrologic structure design and water resources management in order to prevent accepting additional risk of failure because of the current changing climate.
Nunfam, Victor Fannam. "Social impacts of climate change and occupational heat stress and adaptation strategies of mining workers in Ghana." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2273.
Повний текст джерелаDayon, Gildas. "Evolution du cycle hydrologique continental en France au cours des prochaines décennies." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30252/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe assessment of the impact of climate change often requires to set up long chains of modeling, from the model to estimate the future concentration of greenhouse gases to the impact model. Throughout the modeling chain, sources of uncertainty accumulate making the exploitation of results for the development of adaptation strategies difficult. It is proposed here to assess impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle over France and associated uncertainties. The contribution of each sources of uncertainty is not addressed, mainly that associated with greenhouse gases emission scenario, climate models and internal variability. In the context of impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle over France, it is possible to ask what is the contribution of each sources of uncertainty to the total uncertainty associated with mean changes. Is it possible to reduce, and if so how, the contribution of one source or another ? We propose in this work an approach to assess the transferability in the future climate of a statistical method to downscale climate simulations. The transferability assumption is one the main sources of uncertainty in statistical downscaling method. The assessment suggested here relies on the use of regional climate models, in a perfect model framework, and shows that some predictors are useful to ensure the transferability of the downscaling method in the future climate. This framework, proposed for a statistical downscaling method, is also applicable to bias correction methods in regional climate models. Recent atmospheric reanalyses of the 20th century are downscaled with the method developed in this work, associated with observations of temperature and precipitation. The hydrological cycle over France is characterized with these reconstructions. We show that the multi-decadal variability of observed streamflows during the 20th century is generalized to the whole country and is partly due to atmospheric variability. This multi-decadal variability of streamflows is generally weaker in hydrological simulations done with historical simulations from climate models. The climate projections have been downscaled with the method developed in this work. The temperature on the country, on average over climate models, could increased by 3,5°C in winter and 6,5°C in summer in the course of this century. Precipitations will decrease all over the country in summer, nearly by half on southern part of France for the most severe scenario. In winter, precipitations will increase in the northern part of the country and will decrease slightly in the southern part. In the next few decades, the decrease in precipitation is important in summer, and changes are less pronounced for other seasons. Results of hydrological projections done with one hydrological model and an ensemble of climate models are presented for the coming decades and for the end of the century. On the Seine river, results slightly differ in winter from those presented in previous studies. Here, precipitations and streamflow increase in winter and decrease in summer on that river basin. Elsewhere in France, results are consistent with previous studies, namely an increase in evapotranspiration, a decrease in streamflow and much drier soil. The uncertainty due to both climate models and internal variability on relative changes in streamflows always increase during the 21st century, to over 20% in winter for the most severe scenario. In the coming decades, the uncertainty due to internal variability only on streamflow changes is as strong as the uncertainty due to both climate models and internal variability. In the coming decades, annual streamflow changes of the Loire, Garonne and Rhône rivers are stronger than the maximum changes observed during the 20th century
Makame, Makame Omar. "Vulnerability and adaptation of Zanzibar east coast communities to climate variability and change and other interacting stressors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1011895.
Повний текст джерелаEmrich, Merle. "International biopolitics and “climate refugees” as bare life. A Critical Discourse Analysis of how the UN’s framing of “climate refugees” impacts climate related global humanitarian migration and refugee governance." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23429.
Повний текст джерелаDanso, Isaac [Verfasser]. "Soil and water conservation technologies in the West African Sudan Savanna:Cropping systems options to address variability of crop yields and impacts of climate change / Isaac Danso." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080591680/34.
Повний текст джерелаPickering, Evelyn Rose. "The Social Construction of Water in Dominica and How it has Influenced Use and Exportation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338920.
Повний текст джерелаSaemian, Sina. "ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY ON TEHRAN WATER SUPPLY IN 2021 : AN APPLICATION OF A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS) TO COMPARE ADAPTATION STRATEGIES." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-193998.
Повний текст джерелаHansson, Robin, and Elena Mokeeva. "Securing resilience to climate change impacts in coastal communities through an environmental justice perspective: A case study of Mangunharjo, Semarang, Indonesia." Thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-175468.
Повний текст джерелаMenke, Valerie [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmiedl. "Impacts of short-term climate change and anthropogenic activity on marine ecosystem variability and biogeochemical processes in the Gulf of Taranto (central Mediterranean Sea) / Valerie Menke ; Betreuer: Gerhard Schmiedl." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156462053/34.
Повний текст джерелаAssfaw, Tesfamicheal Wossen [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Berger. "Climate variability, social capital and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa : household level assessment of potential impacts and adaptation options / Tesfamicheal Wossen Assfaw ; Betreuer: Thomas Berger." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156326451/34.
Повний текст джерелаWossen, Tesfamicheal Assfaw [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Berger. "Climate variability, social capital and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa : household level assessment of potential impacts and adaptation options / Tesfamicheal Wossen Assfaw ; Betreuer: Thomas Berger." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-11645.
Повний текст джерелаErazo, Bolivar. "Representing past and future hydro-climatic variability over multi-decadal periods in poorly-gauged regions : the case of Ecuador." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30119.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates methods to represent the past and future hydro-climatic variability in space and over time in poorly-gauged regions. It proposes a complete and reproducible procedure applied to the continental Ecuador to deal with observed and simulated hydro-climatic data in order to represent past variability and project the potential impact of climate change on water resources by the end of the 21st century. Up-to-date techniques were identified in a literature review and were integrated in a chain protocol to obtain continuous space-time series of air temperature, precipitation and streamflow over past and future multi-decadal periods. Three central chapters are dedicated to this objective according to the following topics: (1) regionalization of air temperature and precipitation from in situ measurements by comparing deterministic and geostatistical techniques including orographic corrections; (2) streamflow reconstruction in various catchments using conceptual hydrological models in a multi-model, multi-parameter approach; and (3) hydro-climate projections using climate model simulations under a high range emission scenario. Climate regionalization revealed the importance of calibrating parameters and of assessing interpolated fields against independent gauges and via hydrological sensitivity analyses. Streamflow reconstruction was possible with the regionalized climate inputs and the combined simulations of three hydrological models evaluated in contrasting climate conditions. Future medium term (2040-2070) and long term (2070-2100) hydro-climatic changes were analysed with confidence intervals of 95% using scenarios from nine climate models and transferring the model parameters calibrated for streamflow reconstruction. Analysis of hydro-climatic variability over the period 1985-2015 showed a slight increase in temperature, while precipitation variability was linked to the main modes of El Niño and La Niña phases at inter-annual scale and to the displacement of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) at seasonal scale. Under climate change, a general increase in temperature (+4.4 °C) and precipitation (+17%) is expected by the end of the 21st century, which could lead to between +5% and 71% increase in mean annual streamflow depending on the catchments. These results are discussed in terms of significance for water management before suggesting future hydrological research such as regionalizing streamflow, better quantifying uncertainties and assessing the capacity to meet future water requirements
Rack, Mireille. "Sustainability assessment of biochar : evaluating the potential environmental, economic and social impacts of the production and application of biochar in Europe as an option for climate change mitigation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58339.
Повний текст джерелаGrochocki, Julian Lucian. "Late Holocene Environmental Variability as Recorded in the Sediment of a Northeastern Ohio Kettle Lake." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1491558782637496.
Повний текст джерелаQasmi, Saïd. "Sensibilité du climat européen à la variabilité multidécennale de l'Atlantique Nord." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30367.
Повний текст джерелаThe anthropogenic warming trend observed during the 20th century in Europe is characterized by fluctuations, which are partly explained by internal climate variability. The physical mechanisms between the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV, whose internal component contributes to shape atmospheric variability), and the European climate are investigated in this thesis. A comprehensive study of climate models shows a great diversity in the simulation of the teleconnection between the AMV and European summer temperature. The underestimation of its intensity relative to the observations contributes to explain the uncertainties within the decadal climate predictions. Numerical experiments used to assess the mechanisms of influence of the AMV on the European climate indicate that the AMV is likely to significantly modulate temperature, precipitation and the occurrence of extreme events in winter and summer
Arceño, Mark Anthony. "Changing [Vitivini]Cultures in Ohio, USA, and Alsace, France: An Ethnographic Study of Terroir and the Taste of Place." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1610041972377958.
Повний текст джерелаKulaiappan, Palanisamy Hindumathi. "Le niveau de la mer actuel : variations globales et régionales." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30166/document.
Повний текст джерелаSea level is an integrated climate parameter that involves interactions of all components of the climate system (oceans, ice sheets, glaciers, atmosphere, and land water reservoirs) on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Over the 20th century, tide gauge records indicate a rise in global sea level between 1.6mm/yr and 1.8 mm/yr. Since 1993, sea level variations have been measured precisely by satellite altimetry. They indicate a faster sea level rise of 3.3 mm/yr over 1993-2015. Owing to their global coverage, they also reveal a strong regional sea level variability that sometimes is several times greater than the global mean sea level rise. Considering the highly negative impact of sea level rise for society, monitoring sea level change and understanding its causes are henceforth high priorities. In this thesis, we first validate the sea level variations measured by the new satellite altimetry mission, SARAL-AltiKa by comparing the measurements with Jason-2 and tide gauge records. We then attempt to close the global mean sea level budget since 2003 and estimate the deep ocean contribution by making use of observational data from satellite altimetry, Argo profiles and GRACE mission. We show that uncertainties due to data processing approaches and systematic errors of different observing systems still prevent us from obtaining accurate results. In the second part of the thesis, by making use of past sea level reconstruction, we study the patterns of the regional sea level variability and estimate climate related (global mean plus regional component) sea level change over 1950-2009 at three vulnerable regions: Indian Ocean, South China and Caribbean Sea. For the sites where vertical crustal motion monitoring is available, we compute the total relative sea level (i.e. total sea level rise plus the local vertical crustal motion) since 1950. On comparing the results from these three regions with already existing results in tropical Pacific, we find that tropical Pacific displays the highest magnitude of sea level variations. In the last part of the thesis, we therefore focus on the tropical Pacific and analyze the respective roles of ocean dynamic processes, internal climate modes and external anthropogenic forcing on tropical Pacific sea level spatial trend patterns since 1993. Building up on the relationship between thermocline and sea level in the tropical region, we show that most of the observed sea level spatial trend pattern in the tropical Pacific can be explained by the wind driven vertical thermocline movement. By performing detection and attribution study on sea level spatial trend patterns in the tropical Pacific and attempting to eliminate signal corresponding to the main internal climate mode, we further show that the remaining residual sea level trend pattern does not correspond to externally forced anthropogenic sea level signal. In addition, we also suggest that satellite altimetry measurement may not still be accurate enough to detect the anthropogenic signal in the 20 year tropical Pacific sea level trends
Pauline, Noah Makula. "Living with climate variability and change: lessons from Tanzania." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20169.
Повний текст джерелаThere is sufficient evidence supporting that climate change and variability are pervasive realities that are strongly impacting on smallholder farmers in the Great Ruaha River sub-Basin of Tanzania. This PhD study examines smallholder farmers’ vulnerability, coping and adaptation strategies to climate change and variability (including non-climatic stresses), and investigates how such coping and adaptation may be constrained or enhanced given climate variability and change. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used when engaging with smallholder farmers and government officials. Primary data collection was undertaken in two phases, with phase one using participatory tools (e.g. focus group discussions, wealth ranking, community mapping and transect walk, and historical time lines). Data collected include climatic and non-climatic extreme events, farmers’ perceptions, coping and adaptation strategies. Phase two involved detailed individual interviews (questionnaire surveys) and key informant interviews (case studies), so as to obtain in-depth information on issues of interest. Secondary data were collected from existing statistical sources, literature surveys in archives, libraries and documentation centres, and from governmental agencies (e.g. TMA). Demographic, agricultural production and livestock statistics, and rainfall and temperature records were collected. Results from selected meteorological stations and farmers’ perceptions (74%) indicate that there has been an increase in average maximum temperatures, and both dry and wet years with varying magnitudes during the past four decades. Other climatic stresses include delayed onset and later cessation of the rain seasons. The agreement between farmers’ perceptions and rainfall trends provides good evidence that the climate has become increasingly variable in the GRRB during the past four decades. Achieving sustainable livelihoods is further compounded by non-climatic stresses such as access to markets and coordinating institutions. Results indicate that vulnerability is a complex phenomenon that entails two approaches (end-point and starting-point perspectives). The end-point perspective views vulnerability as the net projected climate change impacts after adaptation has taken place, whilst the starting-point perspective looks at both the current and future multiple stresses and places much emphasis in improving the adaptive capacity. In the study villages, such a nuanced picture highlighted areas for enhanced adaptation strategies. Farmers respond by using various strategies to deal with droughts, floods and other stresses when they occur. During droughts, they mostly use irrigation (canal, pumping and cans), or plant short-term maturing crops. During food shortages, farmers use strategies such as buying food, borrowing money, temporary migration, working in other people’s farms for cash, and reducing consumption. Moreover, the farmers’ choice of adaptation and coping strategies is influenced by factors such as location, access to resources, education levels and institutions. This calls for a whole system approach, which entails defining vulnerability of smallholder farmers to climatic and non-climatic stresses and thus designing appropriate response strategies. For example, mainstreaming adaptation to such stresses when considering development plans, projects, programmes and policies at all scales.
Abeysirigunawardena, Dilumie Saumedaka. "Climate variability and change impacts on coastal environmental variables in British Columbia, Canada." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2664.
Повний текст джерелаMuhire, Innocent. "Climate change and variability and their impacts on the yields of major food crops in Rwanda." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13872.
Повний текст джерелаClimate change and variability has rapidly emerged as one of the most serious threats to sustainable development especially for developing African countries such as Rwanda. Since most of the agricultural activities in African countries are rain-fed, any adverse change in climate is likely to have a devastating effect on output and the livelihood of the majority of the population in the affected countries. Therefore, there should be continuous and regular preparedness to on-going climate variability. Climate change and variability derived information, are most likely to improve the agricultural outcomes when it is integrated into a framework for decision making to mitigate specific risks. It is in that regard, this research aims at analyzing climate change and variability and their impacts on the yields of major food crops in Rwanda. The raw climatic data (temperatures and precipitations) used in this study were obtained from the Rwandan Meteorological Center based in Kigali and Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA) while the agricultural records were collected from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources (MINAGRI). Length and completeness of records were the basic criteria used to select weather stations in order to have the most complete dataset. Five major crops, namely beans, cassava, Irish potatoes, maize, and sweet potatoes were selected for investigation because they are grown over large areas in most parts of the country during the two agricultural seasons i.e. season A (September-January) and season B (February-June). This research uses a number of statistical techniques in an attempt to quantify the magnitude and significance in temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days, aridity index and rainfall erosivity changes and variability taking place over Rwanda. The same techniques were applied in determining the magnitude and significance of inter-annual variations in food crop yields over Rwanda. A geographical information system (GIS) was used to present spatially the results on maps...
Wang, Bin. "Modelling impacts of climate variability and change on wheat cropping across New South Wales." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90285.
Повний текст джерелаWheat is the most important crop in Australia in terms of the gross value of production. However, in Australia wheat yield is extremely variable from year to year among major production regions, such as New South Wales (NSW), with its agricultural system being significantly affected by water stress and ongoing climate change. To accurately quantify crop yield, and estimate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) at specific sites and regional scales, it is essential to link spatial information of agro-resources and crop simulation model to assess crop growth in response to agricultural management and environmental variation. The outcomes of this project will enhance the capability of farmers and policy makers to adapt and manage farm outcomes in the face of climate change/variability. For this study, I extracted the historical daily climate data (1900-2010), known as SILO patched point dataset (PPD, http://www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au/silo/ppd/index.php), for maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, and solar radiation at 894 weather stations evenly distributed across the NSW wheat belt. Wheat yields at shire level during 1922-2000 (data in some shires were not available in some years) across the NSW wheat belt were obtained from Fitzsimmons (2001). Statistical methods were used to quantify the relationship between reported shire wheat yields and climate factors during the wheat-growing season across the NSW wheat belt in eastern Australia from 1922 to 2000. I found that wheat yields were positively correlated to rainfall and minimum temperature while negatively correlated to maximum temperature at a significant level (p<0.05). Growing season rainfall is usually the main direct climatic driver affecting wheat yields variation in this semi-arid area, but the indirect effects of temperature and solar radiation are also important. A detailed understanding of how historical climate variation has impacted on wheat yield can provide useful insights for the development of sustainable agricultural systems in the face of future climate change. I used the statistical downscaling and bias-correction method developed by Liu and Zuo (2012) to generate realistic daily site-specific climate data from monthly GCM output on a coarse-resolution grid. Briefly, monthly GCM output data (solar radiation, rainfall, daily maximum and minimum temperature) from each of the selected GCMs were downscaled to the 894 observation sites using an inverse distance-weighted interpolation method. Biases were then corrected using a transfer function derived from interpolated GCM data and observed data for the sites. Daily climate data for each of 894 sites under two RCPs for 1900-2100 were generated by a modified stochastic weather generator (WGEN) with parameters derived from the bias-corrected monthly data. The results show that wheat growing season rainfall is projected to decrease under different future scenarios across the NSW wheat belt. Future climate projected an averaged warming of 2.1˚C for RCP4.5 and 3.8˚C for RCP8.5 across this region in 2061-2100 compared to the baseline period 1961-2000. A crop simulation model (APSIM) driven by statistical downscaling data was used to simulate wheat productivity and water use efficiency under the CMIP5 multimodel ensemble projections across the NSW wheat belt. Despite an acceleration of crop development and shortening of growth duration together with declining growing season rainfall, GCMs projected that multi-model median yields could increase by 0.4% (4704 kg/ha) for RCP4.5 and 7.3% (5027 kg/ha) for RCP8.5 by 2061-2100. These results show that drier area would benefit more from elevated CO₂ than wetter area in the NSW wheat belt. Without the increase in CO₂ concentration simulated wheat yield decrease rapidly under RCP4.5 by 2061-2100 and much more so under RCP8.5 compared to the present. The simulated evapotranspiration (ET) decreased by 11.9% (282 mm) for RCP4.5 and 18.8% (260 mm) for RCP8.5 over the whole wheat belt. Increasing yields combined with decreasing ET resulted in simulated water use efficiency increasing by 11.4% (15.4 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) for RCP4.5 and 29.3% (17.8 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) for RCP8.5. Wheat production in water-limited, low yielding environments appears to be less negative impacted or in some cases even positively affected under future climate change and elevated CO₂, compared to other growing environments in the world. Agro-ecosystems have high spatial heterogeneity and temporal variation of productivity, arising from the spatial and temporal variability of climate, soil texture/water, and management practices. Furthermore, the projected yield increase in the future could be overestimated because the crop model generally does not sufficiently account for yield reduction due to diseases, pests and weeds. I did not explicitly consider certain aspects such as efficient management practices, breeding new crop cultivars, which will obviously have a significant impact on wheat yield in the future. Therefore, these current simulated results would provide a baseline for future adaptive strategies such as incorporating new traits into new cultivars in new management systems not currently available.
Yip, Queenie. "Climate impacts on hydrometric variables in the Mackenzie River Basin." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/3542.
Повний текст джерелаRaje, Deepashree. "Hydrologic Impacts Of Clmate Change : Quantification Of Uncertainties." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/1064.
Повний текст джерела"The Impacts of Geography and Climate Change on Magdalenian Social Networks." Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44052.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Appendix_D_Sites_Dates
Appendix_E_Flowchart_Biome_Reconstruction
Appendix_H_Flowchart_ABM
Appendix_I_Flowchart_Social_Network
Appendix_J_Portable_Art_Objects
Appendix_J_Art_Characteristics
Appendix_L_Poster_Summary
Appendix_A_Prehistoric_Fauna
Appendix_B_Modern_PFT_Distribution
Appendix_C_Prehistoric_PFT_Distribution
Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2017
Kelley, Colin Patrick. "Recent and future drying of the Mediterranean region: anthropogenic forcing, natural variability and social impacts." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8CR5RFV.
Повний текст джерелаDaghagh, Yazd Sahar. "Impacts of climatic variability, water scarcity and socio-economic demographics on farmers’ mental health in Australia." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/122612.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Centre for Global Food and Resources, 2019
Ginn, Joel. "Getting the Message Across: Flexitarians as Messengers for Meat's Climate Change Impacts." 2021. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/1012.
Повний текст джерелаMatimolane, Selelo Wilson. "Impacts of Climate Variability and Change on Maize (Zea may) production in Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1179.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Geography and Geo-Information Sciences
Climate variability and change directly affect agricultural production. This is because the agricultural sector is inherently sensitive to climatic conditions and is one of the most vulnerable sectors to risks and impact of global climate change. The aim of this study was to determine maize producer's vulnerability and assess the impact of climate variability and change on maize production in the Makhuduthamaga Local Municipality, of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Climatic and maize yields data utilized in the study are for the period 1985 - 2015). Interviews were also conducted with the producers and various officials from government and non-governmental sectors. The results illustrate significant rainfall and temperature variations both spatially and temporally. The variations observed in the average rainfall and rain days for the period under consideration were not related to the variation in yield of maize for the same period. The regression results revealed low R² values, indicating a weak relationship between maize yields, rain days and rainfall. Furthermore, the results revealed a significant positive relationship between annual rainfall and temperature (r²<0.05 and P<0.05) but not a significant relationship with maize yields. The results of the qualitative data showed that the producers’ perception of the occurrence of climate variability was high, as 65.7% of the respondents indicated that the state of climate is increasingly variable. About 61.5% of the producers implemented or adopted an adaptation strategy to cope with the perceived climate variability and change. Age, gender and access to extension services were determined as important factors that determine the adoption of adaptation strategies. The vulnerability assessment revealed that producers were highly vulnerable to changing climate; this exposes producers to the risks of crop failure, loss of income and food insecurity. The study recommended (a) intervention and adaptation strategies that target mitigation of decreased rainfall impacts (b) increased access to extension service (c) empirical research around the impacts of climate change to increase producers’ level of awareness.
NRF
Maponya, Phokele Isaac. "Climate change and agricultural production in Limpopo Province : impacts and adaptation options." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19116.
Повний текст джерелаEnvironmental Sciences
D. Phil. (Environmental Management)