Книги з теми "Social Energy Internet"

This chapter discusses the role of energy in economic development, the transformation of energy markets, trade in energy resources themselves, and the geopolitical dynamics that result. The transformation of energy markets and their expansion via trade can help or hinder development, depending on the processes behind them and how stakeholders interact. The availability of renewable, climate-friendly sources of energy, domestically and internationally, means that there is no inherent trade-off between economic growth and the use of fossil fuels. The existence of economic, political, social, and geopolitical adjustment costs means that the expansion of international energy markets to incorporate alternatives to oil and coal is a complex balance of environmental trade-offs with no solutions completely free of negative impact risk. An understanding of the supply of and demand for energy must incorporate the institutional context within which they occur, as well as the social and political dynamics of their setting.

In many ways, everything we once knew about energy resources and technologies has been impacted by: the longstanding scientific consensus on climate change and related support for renewable energy; the affordability of extraction of unconventional fuels; increasing demand for energy resources by middle- and low-income nations; new regional and global stakeholders; fossil fuel discoveries and emerging renewable technologies; awareness of (trans)local politics; and rising interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the need for energy justice. Research on these and related topics now appears frequently in social science academic journals in broad-based journals, such as International Organization, International Studies Quarterly, and Review of International Political Economy, as well as those focused specifically on energy (e.g., Energy Research & Social Science and Energy Policy), the environment (Global Environmental Politics), natural resources (Resources Policy), and extractive industries (Extractive Industries and Society). The Oxford Handbook of Energy Politics synthesizes and aggregates this substantively diverse literature to provide insights into, and a foundation for teaching and research on, critical energy issues primarily in the areas of international relations and comparative politics. Its primary goals are to further develop the energy politics scholarship and community, and generate sophisticated new work that will benefit a variety of scholars working on energy issues.

When the United States entered World War II, Italian nationals living in this country were declared enemy aliens and faced with legal restrictions. Several thousand aliens and a few U.S. citizens were arrested and underwent flawed hearings, and hundreds were interned. Shedding new light on an injustice often overshadowed by the mass confinement of Japanese Americans, this book traces how government and military leaders constructed wartime policies affecting Italian residents. Based on new archival research into the alien enemy hearings, this in-depth legal analysis illuminates a process not widely understood. From presumptive guilt in the arrest and internment based on membership in social and political organizations, to hurdles in attaining American citizenship, this book uncovers many layers of repression not heretofore revealed in scholarship about the World War II home front. In telling the stories of former internees and persons excluded from military zones as they attempted to resume their lives after the war, this book demonstrates the lasting social and cultural effects of government policies on the Italian American community, and addresses the modern problem of identifying threats in a largely loyal and peaceful population.

Sustainability policies shape the ways that society and the economy interact with the environment, natural resources and ecosystems, and address issues such as water, energy and food security, and climate change. These policies are complex and are, at times, obscured by contestation, uncertainty and sometimes ignorance. Ultimately, sustainability problems are social problems and they need to be addressed through social and policy change. Social Science and Sustainability draws on the wide-ranging experience of CSIRO’s social scientists in the sustainability policy domain. These researchers have extensive experience in addressing complex issues of society–nature relationships, usually in interdisciplinary collaboration with natural scientists. This book describes some of the evidence-based concepts, frameworks and methodologies they have developed, which may guide a transition to sustainability. Contributions range from exploring ways to enhance livelihoods and alleviate poverty, to examining Australians’ responses to climate change, to discussing sociological perspectives on sustainability and how to make policy relevant. Researchers, policy-makers and decision-makers around the globe will find this book a valuable and thought-provoking contribution to the sustainability literature. It is also suited to academics and students in postgraduate-level courses in social sciences and sustainability, or in courses in applied sociology, applied social psychology and other applied social sciences.

Over the last decades, the discussion on climate change, together with catastrophic events in the power sector, has raised global interest for radical policy changes. Since the year 2000, Germany´s Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) has been a forerunner in triggering large-scale decentralized deployment of renewable energy. Although built on a relatively large social consensus, the consequences of the German ‘Energiewende’ have also raised conflicts between communities and investor-oriented project developers. This chapter reviews the increasing role of energy co-operatives as means to involve civil society, mitigate conflicts in planning, and distribute subsidies more evenly among a variety of often rural stakeholders.

This epilogue comments on the changes within the Polish American community and the Polish-language press during the most recent decades, including the impact of the Internet and social media on the practice of letter-writing. It also poses questions about the legacy and memory of Paryski in Toledo, Ohio, and in Polonia scholarship. Paryski's life and career were based on his intelligence, determination, and energy. He believed that Poles in the United States, as in Poland, must benefit from education, and that education was not necessarily the same as formal schooling. Anybody could embark on the path to self-improvement if they read and wrote. Long before the Internet changed the way we communicate, Paryski and other ethnic editors effectively adopted and practiced the concept of debate within the public sphere in the media. Ameryka-Echo's “Corner for Everybody” was an embodiment of this concept and allowed all to express themselves in their own language and to write what was on their minds.

This book explores energy securitization in Azerbaijan through a sociological approach that combines discourse with a practice-oriented analysis. The study focuses on the national, international and private actors involved in the labour of energy security and their diverse sets of practices. Its empirical findings indicate that in Azerbaijan, energy securitization lacks the unitary and homogeneous character of its ideal type. Its heterogeneity interlaces internal security with external security, military with civil, defence with enforcement, coercion with control. It relies on surveillance and policing technologies as much as on maritime defence and counterterrorism; it intertwines the national and the international, as well as the public and the private domains of politics; it builds ties amidst manifold security actors and institutions that belong in different social universes; it merges security logic and neoliberal rationales and techniques. Energy securitisation encircles local dynamics and structures into patterns of international cooperation and corporate strategy. The rhetoric emphasis and the routinized character of energy security practices have trivialized any possible alternative and made invisible its costs. In particular, this book reflects on the multiple forms of abuse and violence and the poor energy choices tied to the processes of energy securitisation.

Medicalization in contemporary psychopharmacology is increasingly dominated by commercial interests that threaten the scientific and ethical integrity of psychiatry. At the same time, the proliferation of new social media has altered the manner in which the social groups and institutions that have stakes in medicalization interact. Consumers are at once more powerful than ever before, but also more vulnerable. The upshot of all these developments is that medicalization is no longer simply the professed enemy of anti-psychiatry and its supporters. It is now also an enemy of psychiatry. Once a welcome ally of psychiatry, medicalization appears to have turned into a fearsome enemy.

This chapter explores the partnerships between the Security Council and other international entities. In particular, the Council shares a progressive and multi-faceted relationship with the General Assembly, which possesses certain similar but distinct powers from that of the Council and establishes the broad outlines for how these two bodies interact with each other. The Security Council also works in tandem with the Economic and Social Council; the Trusteeship Council; the International Court of Justice; the agencies, funds, and programmes of the United Nations; the International Atomic Energy Agency; the International Criminal Court; special courts, tribunals, and investigative panels; and regional and subregional organizations, such as the African Union, the European Union, among others.

The Asia-Pacific region has been experiencing rapid development in the past 30 years, and issues relating to sustainable development will become increasingly important in the coming decades. This comprehensive overview presents sustainable development from the perspectives of Asia and the Pacific, with contributions from more than 70 leading international experts. The first part focuses on the theories and practices of sustainable development, including national and regional perspectives, as well as international policies and law concerning climate change. The second part highlights the challenges and opportunities of sustainable development and poverty reduction amid the changing ecological, social, cultural, economic, and political environment in this region. These include issues such as the importance of science for sustainable development and related areas, including sustainable energy, stratospheric ozone depletion, climate change, land-use change, biodiversity, and disaster risk reduction. The volume is an invaluable reference for all researchers and policy makers with an interest in sustainable development.

Mound-builders are unique in being the only birds that do not incubate their eggs using body heat; rather, a variety of naturally occurring sources of heat is exploited such as solar energy and the heat generated by decomposing organic matter. This book shows how this remarkable adaptation influences every part of these birds’ lives, including the development of the embryo, the parentless life of the hatchlings, their social organisation and their survival. Twenty-two species of mound-builders exist within the Megapode family. Mound-builders examines the three occurring in Australia: the Scrubfowl in the humid tropics; the Brush turkey in dense forested areas from Cape York to Sydney; and most remarkable of all, the Malleefowl in the arid interior. Scientific interest in these birds has increased considerably in recent decades, and Mound-builders summarises many significant discoveries. With a strong emphasis on conservation and changing interactions between mound-builders and people, this is an excellent introduction to one of the most unusual bird families.

Freshwater scarcity is a critical challenge, with social, economic, political and environmental consequences. Water crises in Australia have already led to severe restrictions being applied in cities, drought ravaging farmlands, and the near-terminal decline of some rivers and wetlands. A Water Story provides an account of Australian water management practices, set against important historical precedents and the contemporary experience of other countries. It describes the nature and distribution of the country's natural water resources, management of these resources by Indigenous Australians, the development of urban water supply, and support for pastoral activities and agricultural irrigation, with the aid of case studies and anecdotes. This is followed by discussion of the environmental consequences and current challenges of water management, including food supply, energy and climate change, along with options for ensuring sustainable, adequate high-quality water supplies for a growing population. A Water Story is an important resource for water professionals and those with an interest in water and the environment and related issues, as well as students and the wider community.

This chapter explores the poetic qualities and nuances of the art of ritual healing, a genre termed as “somatic poetry.” Flowing out from the emphasis of the body as a site of social and cosmological action in the Amazonian world, somatic poetry is multimodal art created by listening, feeling, smelling, seeing, and tasting of natural subjectivities, not just those emanating from human speech or from the human mind. Somatic poetry involves the creative use of words and music and also plants, animals, and the landscape—entities recognized as having subjectivity and creative powers, powers that are internal rather than external to the art. The chapter provides one example of Amazonian somatic poetry, a healing practice called kushnirina, a medicinal vapor bath designed to cleanse and provide energy for the body. It then comments on Federico Calapucha's manioc story and a shamanic song performed by Lucas Tapuy in 2007. These examples show that somatic poetry is about creating loops of intersecting relationships with different species and unseen subjectivities of the landscape and the spirit world.

Waisted outlines the fascinating and misunderstood biology of fat (i.e., adipose tissue). This controversial, much-maligned organ plays a crucial yet curiously overlooked role in the global obesity crisis currently wreaking havoc on the world’s healthcare systems and economies. Attaining a better appreciation of the biology of fat, its social meanings, and how these intersect is essential for improving the world’s physical and mental health. Far from being a passive layer of blubber under the skin, fat plays a highly dynamic role in energy metabolism, reproductive health, and immunity, with these links having ancient origins in the evolution of modern humanity. Waisted provides a comprehensive, evidence-based perspective on the biology of fat and its crucial role in human evolution, health, disease, and society. Waisted draws upon biomedical, epidemiological, and evolutionary research to understand adipose tissue biology and the striking relationship between body fat distribution and health outcomes. Waisted demonstrates the practical implications of key conceptual points through relatable real-world cases and highlights how seemingly disparate common and rare diseases may be underpinned by adipose tissue dysfunction. Overall, Waisted covers a wide breadth of material that challenges and reframes the generally negative perspective of fat to highlight the underappreciated importance of adipose tissue biology in humans.

Today’s European Union (EU) is based on treaties negotiated and ratified by the member states. They form a kind of “constitution” for the Union. The first three treaties, the Treaty of Paris, creating the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951, and the two Treaties of Rome, creating the European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) in 1957, were the founding treaties. They were subsequently reformed several times by new treaties, including the Treaty of Maastricht, which created the European Union in 1992. The latest major treaty reform was the Treaty of Lisbon, which entered into force in 2009. Scholarship concerning these treaties has evolved over time. In the early years, it was mostly lawyers writing about the treaties, but soon historians and political scientists also took an interest in these novel constructions in Europe. Interestingly, American political scientists were the first to develop theories of European integration; foremost among these was Ernst Haas, whose 1958 book The Uniting of Europe developed the theory later referred to as neo-functionalism. The sector on integration of coal and steel would have an expansive logic. There would be a process of “spill-over,” which would lead to more integration.It turned out that integration was less of an automatic process than suggested by Haas and his followers. When integration slowed down in the 1970s, many political scientists lost interest and turned their attention elsewhere. It was only in the 1980s, when the internal market program gave European integration a new momentum that political scientists began studying European integration again from theoretical perspectives. The negotiation and entry into force of the Single European Act (SEA) in the mid-1980s led to many new studies, including by American political scientist Andrew Moravcsik. His study of the SEA included a critique of neo-functionalism that created much debate. Eventually, in an article in the early 1990s, he called his approach “liberal intergovernmentalism.” It took final form in 1998 in the book The Choice for Europe. According to Moravcsik, to understand major historic decisions—including new treaties—we need to focus on national preferences and interstate bargaining.The study of treaty reforms, from the SEA to the Lisbon Treaty, conducted by political scientists—including the treaties of Maastricht, Amsterdam, and Nice—have often contrasted neo-functionalism and liberal intergovernmentalism. But other approaches and theories were developed, including various institutionalist and social constructivist frameworks. No consensus has emerged, so the scholarly debates continue.

The second, between-group function of punishment asserts that people are motivated to protect their group from dangerous outsiders. Consistently, people assign severe punishment to offenders belonging to societal groups that are stereotypically associated with crime. Moreover, people are particularly punitive when an out-group offender harms an in-group victim. People are parochial altruists who sacrifice their self-interest to protect their own group, sometimes to the detriment of other groups. I then describe how parochial altruism evolved as a consequence of war and inter-group conflict, and that between-group punishment can function to deter out-groups from committing hostilities. These insights have implications for contemporary jihadi terrorism: suicide bombing essentially is an act of parochial altruism where a terrorist imposes collective punishment on an enemy out-group.

The aim of this book is to present the most important issues related to sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). They are discussed from a macro and micro perspective, both in the form of theoretical foundations of these concepts and practical examples of companies operating in Central and Eastern European countries that have implemented these ideas in their daily operations and translated them into corporate and functional strategies. The book consists of four parts. The first one is theoretical in its assumptions and is devoted to explaining the key concepts of sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). The authors describe the determinants of sustainable development in the contemporary world, including the most important ones, such as globalization, climate change, poverty, unlimited consumption, as well as limited access to natural resources - all in relation to the goals of sustainable development. The chapter also discusses the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which is now recognized as the process by which business contributes to the implementation of sustainable development. How sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are incorporated into the organization's strategies and influence the corporate strategy on the corporate and functional areas of the organization is presented in the last chapter of the first part of the e-book. The next part of the e-book helps readers understand the concepts of SD and CSR in the field of organizational strategy - in strategic management, and at the level of functional strategies—marketing, human resources, marketing research, accounting and operational management. The authors explain the reasons why companies need to consider the local and global perspective when setting SDGs, and the existence of potential conflicts within them. Taking into account the area of ​​marketing, the authors point to the increase in environmental and social awareness of all stakeholders, which translates into changes in the criteria for decision-making by managers and risk assessment. The issue of sustainability is also the subject of market research. Companies producing products and services, institutions dealing with environmental or consumer protection, scientists and students conduct many research projects related to, inter alia, much more. How to use secondary data for analysis and how to prepare, conduct, analyze and interpret the results of primary research in that area are discussed in detail in the next chapter of this section. The concept of SD also refers to the basic functions of human resource management (HRM)—recruitment, motivation, evaluation and control. They should take into account SD not only for the efficiency of the organization and long-term economic benefits, but also for ethical reasons. Thanks to the SHRM, the awareness and behavior of the entire organization can strongly express sustainable goals in the planning and implementation of the overall corporate strategy. The growing importance of the idea of ​​SD and the concept of CSR also resulted in the need for accounting and finance to develop solutions enabling the provision of information on the methods and results of implementing these concepts in entities operating on the market. This part of the book also examines manufacturing activities in the context of sustainability. As a result, many problems arise: waste of resources, mismanagement, excessive energy consumption, environmental pollution, use of human potential, etc. The chapter presents such concepts as: zero-waste, lean-manufacturing, six-sigma, circular production, design and recycling products in the life cycle as well as ecological and environmentally friendly production. The next two parts of the e-book contain examples of companies from Central and Eastern Europe that used SD goals in their strategies, questions and tasks for readers.

Economy and mankind are inextricably interlinked. Just as the economy or the production of material wealth is unimaginable without a man, so human existence and development are impossible without the wealth created in the economy. Shortly, both the goal and the means of achieving and realization of the economy are still the human resources. People have long ago noticed that it was the economy that created livelihoods, and the delays in their production led to the catastrophic events such as hunger, poverty, civil wars, social upheavals, revolutions, moral degeneration, and more. Therefore, the special interest of people in understanding the regulatory framework of the functioning of the economy has existed and exists in all historical epochs [A. Sisvadze. Economic theory. Part One. 2006y. p. 22]. The system of economic disciplines studies economy or economic activities of a society. All of them are based on science, which is currently called economic theory in the post-socialist space (the science of economics, the principles of economics or modern economics), and in most countries of the world - predominantly in the Greek-Latin manner - economics. The title of the present book is also Modern Economics. Economics (economic theory) is the science that studies the efficient use of limited resources to produce and distribute goods and services in order to satisfy as much as possible the unlimited needs and demands of the society. More simply, economics is the science of choice and how society manages its limited resources. Moreover, it should be emphasized that economics (economic theory) studies only the distribution, exchange and consumption of the economic wealth (food, beverages, clothing, housing, machine tools, computers, services, etc.), the production of which is possible and limited. And the wealth that exists indefinitely: no economic relations are formed in the production and distribution of solar energy, air, and the like. This current book is the second complete updated edition of the challenges of the modern global economy in the context of the coronary crisis, taking into account some of the priority directions of the country's development. Its purpose is to help students and interested readers gain a thorough knowledge of economics and show them how this knowledge can be applied pragmatically (professionally) in professional activities or in everyday life. To achieve this goal, this textbook, which consists of two parts and tests, discusses in simple and clear language issues such as: the essence of economics as a science, reasons for origin, purpose, tasks, usefulness and functions; Basic principles, problems and peculiarities of economics in different economic systems; Needs and demand, the essence of economic resources, types and limitations; Interaction, mobility, interchangeability and efficient use of economic resources. The essence and types of wealth; The essence, types and models of the economic system; The interaction of households and firms in the market of resources and products; Market mechanism and its elements - demand, supply and price; Demand and supply elasticity; Production costs and the ways to reduce them; Forms of the market - perfect and incomplete competition markets and their peculiarities; Markets for Production Factors and factor incomes; The essence of macroeconomics, causes and importance of origin; The essence and calculation of key macroeconomic indicators (gross national product, gross domestic product, net national product, national income, etc.); Macroeconomic stability and instability, unemployment, inflation and anti-inflationary policies; State regulation of the economy and economic policy; Monetary and fiscal policy; Income and standard of living; Economic Growth; The Corona Pandemic as a Defect and Effect of Globalization; National Economic Problems and New Opportunities for Development in the conditions of the Coronary Crisis; The Socio-economic problems of moral obsolescence in digital technologies; Education and creativity are the main solution way to overcome the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus; Positive and negative effects of tourism in Georgia; Formation of the middle class as a contributing factor to the development of tourism in Georgia; Corporate culture in Georgian travel companies, etc. The axiomatic truth is that economics is the union of people in constant interaction. Given that the behavior of the economy reflects the behavior of the people who make up the economy, after clarifying the essence of the economy, we move on to the analysis of the four principles of individual decision-making. Furtermore, the book describes how people make independent decisions. The key to making an individual decision is that people have to choose from alternative options, that the value of any action is measured by the value of what must be given or what must be given up to get something, that the rational, smart people make decisions based on the comparison of the marginal costs and marginal returns (benefits), and that people behave accordingly to stimuli. Afterwards, the need for human interaction is then analyzed and substantiated. If a person is isolated, he will have to take care of his own food, clothes, shoes, his own house and so on. In the case of such a closed economy and universalization of labor, firstly, its productivity will be low and, secondly, it will be able to consume only what it produces. It is clear that human productivity will be higher and more profitable as a result of labor specialization and the opportunity to trade with others. Indeed, trade allows each person to specialize, to engage in the activities that are most successful, be it agriculture, sewing or construction, and to buy more diverse goods and services from others at a relatively lower price. The key to such human interactions is that trade is mutually beneficial; That markets are usually the good means of coordination between people and that the government can improve the results of market functioning if the market reveals weakness or the results of market functioning are not fair. Moroever, it also shows how the economy works as a whole. In particular, it is argued that productivity is a key determinant of living standards, that an increase in the money supply is a major source of inflation, and that one of the main impediments to avoiding inflation is the existence of an alternative between inflation and unemployment in the short term, that the inflation decrease causes the temporary decline in unemployement and vice versa. The Understanding creatively of all above mentioned issues, we think, will help the reader to develop market economy-appropriate thinking and rational economic-commercial-financial behaviors, to be more competitive in the domestic and international labor markets, and thus to ensure both their own prosperity and the functioning of the country's economy. How he/she copes with the tasks, it is up to the individual reader to decide. At the same time, we will receive all the smart useful advices with a sense of gratitude and will take it into account in the further work. We also would like to thank the editor and reviewers of the books. Finally, there are many things changing, so it is very important to realize that the XXI century has come: 1. The century of the new economy; 2. Age of Knowledge; 3. Age of Information and economic activities are changing in term of innovations. 1. Why is the 21st century the century of the new economy? Because for this period the economic resources, especially non-productive, non-recoverable ones (oil, natural gas, coal, etc.) are becoming increasingly limited. According to the World Energy Council, there are currently 43 years of gas and oil reserves left in the world (see “New Commersant 2007 # 2, p. 16). Under such conditions, sustainable growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) and maximum satisfaction of uncertain needs should be achieved not through the use of more land, labor and capital (extensification), but through more efficient use of available resources (intensification) or innovative economy. And economics, as it was said, is the science of finding the ways about the more effective usage of the limited resources. At the same time, with the sustainable growth and development of the economy, the present needs must be met in a way that does not deprive future generations of the opportunity to meet their needs; 2. Why is the 21st century the age of knowledge? Because in a modern economy, it is not land (natural resources), labor and capital that is crucial, but knowledge. Modern production, its factors and products are not time-consuming and capital-intensive, but science-intensive, knowledge-intensive. The good example of this is a Japanese enterprise (firm) where the production process is going on but people are almost invisible, also, the result of such production (Japanese product) is a miniature or a sample of how to get the maximum result at the lowest cost; 3. Why is the 21st century the age of information? Because the efficient functioning of the modern economy, the effective organization of the material and personal factors of production largely depend on the right governance decision. The right governance decision requires prompt and accurate information. Gone are the days when the main means of transport was a sailing ship, the main form of data processing was pencil and paper, and the main means of transmitting information was sending letters through a postman on horseback. By the modern transport infrastructure (highways, railways, ships, regular domestic and international flights, oil and gas pipelines, etc.), the movement of goods, services and labor resoucres has been significantly accelerated, while through the modern means of communication (mobile phone, internet, other) the information is spreading rapidly globally, which seems to have "shrunk" the world and made it a single large country. The Authors of the book: Ushangi Samadashvili, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University - Introduction, Chapters - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11,12, 15,16, 17.1,18 , Tests, Revaz Shengelia, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University, Chapters_7, 8, 13. 14, 17.2, 17.4; Zhuzhuna Tsiklauri - Doctor of Economics, Professor of Georgian Technical University - Chapters 13.6, 13.7,17.2, 17.3, 18. We also thank the editor and reviewers of the book.

Esta obra tem por objetivo apresentar produções acadêmicas que possuem em comum a grande área Ciências Agrárias. Permeando por este vasto tema, nas próximas páginas serão apresentados trabalhos que abordam sobre Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Engenharia Agrícola, bem como na Ciência Animal. Desta forma, para melhor direcionar o fluxo da leitura, o livro está dividido em capítulos, nos quais os primeiros apresentados abordam o tema “Ciência e Tecnologia em Alimentos” e apresenta trabalhos desenvolvidos com ênfase em controle de qualidade, aproveitamento de subprodutos e planejamento experimental. Acredito que o controle de qualidade de alimentos e o aproveitamento de subprodutos são temas de grande relevância para nosso país e desta forma, nós como professores e pesquisadores, devemos, por meio da ciência sempre trazer novas pesquisas a fim de preencher lacunas no conhecimento e apresentar novas possibilidades e soluções para o melhor aproveitamento e utilização dos alimentos. Na sequência, são apresentados trabalhos desenvolvidos na temática de produção e caracterização de forrageiras de cereais de inverno, predição da produtividade da cultura da soja por meio da aplicação de modelos de regressão linear, bem como relatar um estudo casos de onfalite em bezerros. Neste sentido, os trabalhos aqui apresentados, alinham-se a estas demandas e trazem novas analises que condizem com as necessidades emergentes da nossa sociedade. Profª. Drª. Heloisa Gabriel Falcão. Instituto Federal de Educação (IFG) – Campus Inhumas O crescimento da economia e da taxa de urbanização de alguns países, especialmente da Ásia, resultou em significativas mudanças no estilo de vida das populações neles residentes, com incrementos no consumo de bens duráveis, energia e alimentos. Além disso, estima-se que a população mundial ultrapassará 8,5 bilhões de pessoas até 2030 e que a maior porção desse crescimento demográfico ocorrerá na China, Índia e Indonésia. Esse contexto representa um desafio para a segurança alimentar e energética mundial, uma vez que, se as tendências atuais forem mantidas, a área agrícola deverá aumentar em cerca de 42 milhões hectares até 2027. Contudo, a limitação de terras agricultáveis permitirá um crescimento de apenas 10% em escala mundial, sendo que, quase metade disso se dará no Brasil e na Argentina. Assim, a América do Sul será a mais importante fonte de expansão agrícola do mundo. Com abundantes recursos naturais e grande potencial de desenvolvimento agropecuário, a América do Sul configura importante elemento estratégico para melhorar a segurança alimentar global. Em particular, o setor agropecuário brasileiro é reconhecido internacionalmente pela elevada inserção no mercado globalizado, com destaque para produção de carne de frango, açúcar, suco de laranja, fumo, café e soja... produtos do agronegócio brasileiro que são campeões no ranking de exportações do mercado global. Outros produtos agropecuários brasileiros que merecem grande destaque por configurarem entre as primeiras posições no ranking mundial de produção e exportação são: carne bovina, óleo de soja, farelo de soja, milho e leite bovino. A pandemia de Covid-19 impactou negativamente a economia mundial em razão das necessidades sanitárias e de distanciamento social. Ainda assim, mesmo em momentos de maiores restrições de circulação e transportes, vários segmentos agropecuários do Brasil experimentaram expressiva elevação na produção e vendas nacionais e internacionais. Isso ocorreu em razão das políticas preventivas de vários países no sentido de garantir a segurança alimentar de suas populações, restringindo as exportações e aumentando as importações de alimentos para ampliar suas reservas estratégicas. Essas políticas preventivas não foram adotadas pelo Brasil e, devido ao desmonte dos estoques reguladores e da redução substancial dos recursos destinados a agricultura familiar desde 2017, o mercado interno foi drasticamente afetado pelas exportações record de 2020 e 2021. A redução da quantidade de milho, soja e carnes, principalmente bovina, no mercado interno promoveu expressivo aumento dos preços num momento onde houve aumento de desemprego e queda de renda das classes menos abastadas da população brasileira. O Brasil, que já tinha voltado ao mapa da fome em 2018, sofreu um aumento de 14% no número de domicílios com algum tipo de insegurança alimentar entre 2018 e 2020. Estima-se que mais de 55% da população brasileira sofreu de insegurança alimentar entre 2020 e 2021, conforme dados da rede Penssan e da Organização das Nações Unidas. Nesse contexto, apesar das reduções dramáticas no volume de recursos públicos destinados a produção cientifica no Brasil, tornou-se ainda mais imprescindível a produção de pesquisas e a disseminação do conhecimento resultante delas. Composto por sete capítulos que apresentam pesquisas relevantes, esse livro pretende contribuir com subsídios significativos para o enfrentamento desse imenso desafio que se apresenta, ainda mais intenso nesses tempos de pós-Covid-19, que é elevar a eficiência da produção agropecuária a fim de garantir melhores condições de segurança alimentar para a população brasileira. O primeiro capítulo apresenta uma proposta de utilização da farinha de okara para o enriquecimento do hamburguer de carne bovina. Um dos produtos mais conhecidos do processamento da soja é o leite de soja ou extrato aquoso de soja. Ele é obtido a partir da lavagem, maceração, aquecimento e filtração dos grãos de soja. O okara é o subproduto solido do processo de filtração que separa o leite de soja. Aproximadamente, 250 g de farinha de okara são obtidos a partir do processamento de cada quilo de soja. Trata-se de um alimento altamente nutritivo, fonte de isoflavonas, antioxidantes, fibras solúveis e insolúveis que, além de auxiliar na redução de colesterol e triglicerídeos, previne a ação carcinogênica do bolo fecal. Os capítulos 2 e 3 apresentam um estudo que desenvolveu e avaliou as características químicas, físicas e funcionais de biscoitos, tipo cookie, com substituição parcial de farinha de trigo por farinha de gérmen de milho. Essa proposta se mostra extremamente relevante do ponto de vista econômico e nutricional. Uma vez que o advento do conflito bélico entre Rússia e Ucrânia tende a reduzir a oferta de trigo no mercado global e elevar seus preços. O Brasil é o segundo maior produtor de milho do planeta e apenas o 21º produtor de trigo. O resultado disso é que o Brasil importa cerca de 50% do trigo consumido no mercado interno. Além disso, o aumento da prevalência de pessoas com sensibilidade ao glúten, apontado pela pesquisa nacional de saúde do IBGE em 2017, torna esse tipo de experimento, muito relevante para o aumento de alternativas alimentares para esse público. O capítulo 4 compreende um estudo que identificou os agentes causadores de mastite em vacas leiteiras. Além disso, avaliou a relação entre a sua ocorrência de mastite e a qualidade do leite. A mastite é uma reação inflamatória da glândula mamária, geralmente associada à presença de microrganismos, que reduz a qualidade do leite e seus derivados, bem como a segurança do consumidor em razão de alterações na composição físico-química e sensorial dos produtos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de grande relevância, uma vez que a retomada das exportações de leite para a China em 2021 tende a reduzir a oferta no mercado interno. Ainda sem as exportações para a China, o Brasil vendeu cerca de 29 milhões de toneladas de leite para Argélia, Venezuela, Estados Unidos, Argentina e Uruguai em 2021. Isso explica parte da pressão inflacionaria sobre o produto desde o início das medidas de contenção da Covid-19. Nesse contexto, contribuições que auxiliem na melhoria da qualidade e aumento da produtividade são salutares. O capitulo 5 nos relata um experimento que analisou as características químicas e bromatológicas de forragens de cereais de inverno em duas alturas de corte do solo e os benefícios da manutenção da cobertura vegetal na forma de matéria seca. Cereais de inverno, como centeio, trigo, triticale, cevada e aveia, além de produzirem grãos utilizados na alimentação humana, podem servir de alimento para aves, suínos, bovinos de corte, ovinos e, principalmente, vacas leiteiras. Na região Sul do Brasil, durante o inverno, não é incomum que grande parte de áreas agrícolas e máquinas fiquem ociosas. Dessa forma, a produção de cereais de inverno para forragear os rebanhos e para formar reservas para épocas de escassez parece ser uma estratégia viável para melhorar a constância da produtividade animal, gerando renda e diluindo os custos fixos da propriedade rural. Ademais, a manutenção de matéria seca no solo contribui para a redução de custos por meio da conservação da fertilidade do solo e redução da perda de carbono e necessidade de insumos. O sexto capítulo trata da utilização de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto para estimar a produtividade da cultura da soja, com a utilização de imagens de satélite. São apresentados modelos de regressão múltipla para prever a produtividade a partir de índices de vegetação (NDVI, SAVI, NDWI e EVI2). Ainda que pesquisas oficiais com as do IBGE e CONAB estimem a produtividade da soja com relativa precisão em escala estadual, elas são baseadas em abordagens qualitativas com grupos focais. Assim, o desenvolvimento de novas técnicas para o acompanhamento das culturas em escala microrregional pode contribuir para a redução de custos e maior precisão nas pesquisas oficiais. Além disso, os produtores e operadores do agronegócio podem fazer uso de insumos específicos para o planejamento da cultura e tomada de decisões. O capitulo 7, último desse livro, relata um estudo de 30 casos de onfalite em bezerros, dos quais 15 animais foram tratados conservadoramente e 15 submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico. A onfalite constitui uma infecção dos remanescentes umbilicais cuja evolução pode resultar em óbito do animal ou comprometer o crescimento e rentabilidade do sistema produtivo desse. Os escassos estudos epidemiológicos brasileiros, a respeito dessa afecção umbilical, relatam que entre 21% e 45% dos bezerros neonatos desenvolverão algum nível dessa infecção e desses, entre 5,5% e 10% irão a óbito. Os resultados do estudo descrito nesse capítulo são extremamente relevantes para que criadores, zootecnistas e médicos veterinários tenham maios evidencias na tomada de decisão a respeito dos procedimentos a serem adotadas diante de tal situação. João Francisco Severo Santos. Doutor em Ciências do Ambiente – UFT. Analista de Pesquisas Agropecuárias - IBGE