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Prasertrungruang, Montree, and Dusadee Ayuwat. "Social choices for the next generation of elderly: The combination of resources allocation and the utilization of social conditions." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.10 (April 2, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10964.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the advent of the aged society amidst capitalism development, the Next Generation of Elderly (NGE) has the chance to seek social choices. This research relied on the Resource Profile Framework to study the social choices of NGEs under the Capability Approach and the Structuration Approach. The qualitative research method was used with the research target group, or NGEs, who were Thai citizens aged 50 to 59 years residing in an urban and a rural areas of Kud Piang Khom Sub-District, the district of a complete aged society. The data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews from May to September, 2016 with 36 NGEs. Descriptive analysis was conducted to synthesize their social choices. The result showed 5 social choices used by the NGEs: (1) The choice that arises from the use of resource in one dimension for a return of resource in that dimension; (2) The choice that arises from the use of resource in one dimension for a return of resource in another dimension; (3) The choice that arises from the use of resources from many dimensions; (4) The choice that arises from facilitating social conditions; and (5) The choice that arises from integrating personal resources with utilization of facilitating social conditions. NGEs’ social choices were found to vary according to the individuals and community context.
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Holme, Jennifer Jellison. "Buying Homes, Buying Schools: School Choice and the Social Construction of School Quality." Harvard Educational Review 72, no. 2 (July 1, 2002): 177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.72.2.u6272x676823788r.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, Jennifer Jellison Holme explores how parents who can afford to buy homes in areas known "for the schools" approach school choice in an effort to illuminate how the "unofficial" choice market works. Using qualitative methods, Holme finds that the beliefs that inform the choices of such parents are mediated by status ideologies that emphasize race and class. She concludes that school choice policies alone will not level the playing field for lower-status parents, as choice advocates often suggest.
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Papakonstantinidis, Leonidas, and Christina Barbarousi. "A Social Welfare Economics Proposal Through Bargaining Theory: a Win-Win-Win Papakonstantinidis Model Approach Inserting Overall Arbitrator Player to the Local Development Game." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, no. 6 (2018): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.36.2004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, we investigate the impact of Social Bargain on Welfare Problem adopting the win-win-win Papakonstantinidis model inserting the Overall Arbitrator Player into the local development game. This deals with (a) the failure of Public Choice in the production of social welfare, (b) the Bargaining Process as a proposal for generating social capital in the field of Welfare Economics. The purpose of this research is to indicate that Public Choice fails to lead to Economic Development. Instead, this can be achieved by implementing Social Bargaining Process into the game of social welfare. In particular, the gap between development and underdevelopment (regional problem) in the community is being investigated, while it is identified as being real and unresolved in the literature of Social Choice Theory and Regional Science. This gap can be corrected – cured through Social Bargaining Process as a solution to the Welfare Problem. The above is being interpreted as follows: the agents of the game or voters of the community can make such collective decisions that eliminate regional disparities by choosing strategies or politicians that will make the appropriate assessments/choices for the community. The key questions are: a) why Public Choice fails to solve the problem of regional disparities and to lead to social welfare, (b) what makes the Social Bargaining Process the appropriate solution to the social welfare problem (or regional problem) and above it should be dealt with. As a methodology is being proposed the Mediation Theory model among two other processes: (1) The “Principal-Agent” process, considering Principal’s position as strong, and (2) the Leadership of a community and a single Member of the same community (“Leader-Member Exchange” – LMX), considering the Leader’s position as strong. The research findings proposed the creation of a social player in the bargaining process, where introduces the generation of social capital, that leads to social welfare to which Public Choice fails to lead and this point is also the originality of the paper.
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Mandali, Alekhya, Claire Gillan, and Valerie Voon. "27 The coexistence of social withdrawal and impulsivity: a trans-diagnostic approach." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 8 (July 20, 2020): e19.1-e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.44.
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IntroductionSocial anxiety disorder or phobia (SAD) is a debilitating condition, where an individual experiences overwhelming fear to situations involving social interactions. Prototypically, SAD presents as shy, submissive, inhibited, and risk- aversive behaviours. Contrastingly, an atypical sub-group show impulsive, aggressive, novelty-seeking behaviours along with severe substance abuse problems. In scenarios, where there is co-existence of polar opposite symptoms, trans-diagnostic approaches extrapolate the characteristics of a disorder as a continuum rather than a categorical one. Data-driven computational models such as drift diffusion model utilize behavioural measures and extract potential markers that reflect the activity of specific brain networks. Here, we aim to analyse and correlate the psychological traits with computational estimates of behaviour during risk-taking and value based decision making.MethodsWe used the data from 1400 participants who completed the 2 stage sequential learning task. We focused on the second stage of the task, where the reward probabilities of the choices are stochastic. The computational measures were estimated for two scenarios i.e. when the participants made 1) accurate choices and 2) risky choices (the choice with maximum variance in reward probability was labelled as risky). This computation was performed for all the trials across all the participants. We then used choice–(risky vs non-risky or correct vs incorrect) and response time as inputs to the hierarchical drift diffusion model to extract threshold (a), drift rate (v) and response bias (z) parameters. The computational parameters were then correlated with the 3 psychological factors that span the compulsive, anxiety- depression and the social withdrawal spectrum.ResultsThe computational parameters from both accuracy and risk taking scenarios of the sequential learning task were correlated with the 3 factors. While controlling for IQ and age, we found a generalized correlation which is significant between the threshold parameter(‘a’) and social withdrawal, with the former estimate being negatively correlated (Accuracy: |r| = -0.078, p=0.003; Risk: |r| = -0.075, p=0.005) with the latter. This relation was not observed with regard to anxiety-depression and compulsive traits.ConclusionsWe show that individuals with higher social withdrawal levels are impulsive as they accumulate less evidence while making a choice. This behaviour holds irrespective of the choice being chosen is an optimal or a risky one. Critically, we show how a trans-diagnostic approach of integrating computational model and psychological questionnaires can reveal the existence of psychological traits as a continuum.
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Matsen, Egil, and Øystein Thøgersen. "Designing social security – a portfolio choice approach." European Economic Review 48, no. 4 (August 2004): 883–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2003.09.006.
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Ebert, Udo, and Heinz Welsch. "Meaningful environmental indices: a social choice approach." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 47, no. 2 (March 2004): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2003.09.001.
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Pitelis, Christos N. "Corporate Control, Social Choice and Capital Accumulation: An Asymmetrical Choice Approach." Review of Radical Political Economics 18, no. 3 (September 1986): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/048661348601800305.
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Brennan, Gareth James, and MaryBeth Gallagher. "Expectations of choice: an exploration of how social context informs gendered occupation." Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy 45, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijot-01-2017-0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose Occupational choice describes the process that leads to occupational engagement as a result of intrinsic and extrinsic influences. There has been a considerable amount of research concerning occupational choice, gender and adolescence. However, this has largely focused on the areas of career choice and engagement in risky health behaviours. This paper aims to expand on the literature by providing a broader scope of occupation more aligned with the concept associated with occupational science. Furthering this, the researcher aims to examine the influence of gender as an extrinsic influence on occupational choice. The researcher aims to explore how contextual influences inform gendered occupational choice. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory qualitative approach was used in the current study. Incorporating photographs as a means of elucidating conversation during the interview process, photo-elicitation interview techniques were used as part of the data collection. This involved using a collection of photographs to prompt participants to discuss their interpretations of various occupations. Six adolescent boys and girls aged 11-14 years participated in the study. Participants were recruited from mixed-gendered sports clubs in the West of Ireland. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. An occupational justice perspective was used to interpret the data. Findings Responses suggest that gender informs occupational choice through different mechanisms. These included social systems, physical and institutional opportunities as well as expectations participants held of themselves and others they considered to be within their social grouping. Social systems included groups such as friends and family. The ease of access to physical and institutional resources was another factor that informed choice. Participants projected views of expectations they perceived others held for them informed how the participants made their choices. These factors varied across gender. Despite opportunities being available to both sexes, choices were often restricted to particular occupations. Originality/value The findings suggest that factors informing the occupational choices of adolescents included a combination of intrinsic factors such as gender and perspectives, as well as external factors including peers, family and opportunities in the local community. Practical applications of this involve acknowledging and further understanding the contextually situated nature of choice to provide more equitable practice. The results of the study may provide more insight into the factors that enable and inhibit occupation. A further understanding of these influences can redirect how we view adolescent occupations in a way that promotes health.
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Sager, Tore. "Positive Theory of Planning: The Social Choice Approach." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 33, no. 4 (April 2001): 629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3319.
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Gabel, Matthew J., and Charles R. Shipan. "A social choice approach to expert consensus panels." Journal of Health Economics 23, no. 3 (May 2004): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.10.004.
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Vitetta, Antonino. "Sentiment Analysis Models with Bayesian Approach: A Bike Preference Application in Metropolitan Cities." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (March 17, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2499282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social media data is an important source of information that can also be used for the study of the passenger mobility sector. In transport systems, user choice is studied through demand models that define how user behavior is affected by the performance of the supply system. Demand models are typically calibrated through data observed in the transport system. The observed data includes the choices actually made by users. This paper investigates how sentiment analysis of data available in social media can be adopted to specify, calibrate, and validate demand models in certain choice levels. In this work a model based on the Bayesian approach is specified, calibrated, and validated in the case of bike preference in some Italian metropolitan cities. The model takes into account the discrete choice approach. Specification, calibration, and validation made it possible to identify the relevant variables that influence sentiments and obtain the posterior distribution probability of the parameters. The prior and the posterior conditional probabilities are compared, and some indications are obtained on the elasticity and weight of the sentiments that influence the choice.
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Stratton, James M. "Tapping into German Adjective Variation: A Variationist Sociolinguistic Approach." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 34, no. 1 (February 8, 2022): 63–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542721000088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Following the Labovian paradigm, the present study uses variationist quantitative methods to examine the linguistic and social factors influencing adjective choices in German. By focusing on adjectives of positive evaluation (such as cool ‘cool’, toll/geil ‘great’), an analysis of over 3,000 tokens reveals that the choice of using one adjective over a competing counterpart is structured systematically. This choice is heavily constrained by the social factor age, with gender also influencing variation to varying degrees. The syntactic position of the adjective also conditions use, with some adjectives favoring predicative position and others favoring attributive or stand-alone position. Comparisons across apparent time, as well as with previous research, indicate that the semantic field of positive evaluation is a perpetually changing locus of variation. By applying variationist methods to German data, the present study illustrates how German lexis can index social meaning, paving the way for future research on German lexical variation. More broadly speaking, this study also contributes to ongoing variationist sociolinguistic research on German language variation and change.*
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Nasir, Zafar Mueen. "An Analysis of Occupational Choice in Pakistan: A Multinomial Approach." Pakistan Development Review 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v44i1pp.57-79.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Occupational choice plays an important role in determining earnings and success in the labour market. In the social structure of Pakistan, an occupation reflects the socio-economic status of the individual. In this backdrop, the paper looks at the occupational structure and analyses how different characteristics help individuals to access jobs of their choice. The main issue discussed in the paper is how men and women have a different occupation distribution. Estimates are based on a multinomial log model of occupation choices for men and women, using the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey (PIHS) 2001-02 data. The empirical results show that individuals with high educational achievements choose high-ranking jobs. It is also noted that gender has a role in the labour market and males are sorted out in high-paying occupation. Occupational choice is influenced more by the human capital variables than by the individual characteristics. Among human capital variables, education has the strongest impact in the selection of an occupation of choice.
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Bishop, Paul. "Spatial variations in personal insolvency choices: The role of stigma and social capital." Urban Studies 54, no. 16 (December 6, 2016): 3738–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016679765.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article offers an explanation for the wide spatial variations in choice of insolvency route by personal debtors across local authorities in England and Wales. It is argued that formal bankruptcy has a more negative impact on social capital through stigma effects than the alternative of Individual Voluntary Arrangements. Consequently, spatial variations in choices are related to variations in social capital. The hypotheses derived from this approach are tested through the use of spatial econometric models utilising data from England and Wales. The results provide support for a positive link between variables related to social capital (age, mobility and home ownership) and choice of IVAs. It is argued that avoidance of stigma costs provides an explanation for the apparent paradox of the significant growth of IVAs despite their high cost to debtors compared to bankruptcy. Whilst there is only limited support for impacts directly related to the urban-rural environment, significant spatial interdependencies in choices across neighbouring areas are also uncovered.
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ZHU, SHANFENG, QIZHI FANG, and WEIMIN ZHENG. "SOCIAL CHOICE FOR DATA FUSION." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 03, no. 04 (December 2004): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622004001288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Social choice theory is the study of decision theory on how to aggregate separate preferences into group's rational preference. It has wide applications, especially on the design of voting rules, and brings far-reaching influence on the development of modern political science and welfare economics. With the advent of the information age, social choice theory finds its up-to-date application on designing effective Metasearch engines. Metasearch engines provide effective searching by combining the results of multiple source search engines that make use of diverse models and techniques. In this work, we analyze social choice algorithms in a graph-theoretic approach. In addition to classical social choice algorithms, such as Borda and Condorcet, we study one special type of social choice algorithms, elimination voting, to tackle Metasearch problem. Some new algorithms are proposed and examined in the fusion experiment on TREC data. It shows that these elimination voting algorithms achieve satisfied performance when compared with Borda algorithm.
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Abe, Takaaki, Yukihiko Funaki, and Taro Shinoda. "Invitation Games: An Experimental Approach to Coalition Formation." Games 12, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12030064.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper studies how to form an efficient coalition—a group of people. More specifically, we compare two mechanisms for forming a coalition by running a laboratory experiment and reveal which mechanism leads to higher social surplus. In one setting, we invite the subjects to join a meeting simultaneously, so they cannot know the other subjects’ decisions. In the other setting, we ask them sequentially, which allows each subject to know his or her predecessor’s choice. Those who decide to join the meeting form a coalition and earn payoffs according to their actions and individual preferences. As a result, we obtain the following findings. First, the sequential mechanism induces higher social surplus than the simultaneous mechanism. Second, most subjects make choices consistent with the subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium in the sequential setting and choose the dominant strategy in the simultaneous setting, when a dominant strategy exists. Finally, when the subjects need to look further ahead to make a theoretically rational choice, they are more likely to fail to choose rationally.
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INOHARA, Takehiro. "Mathematics of Consensus Building － Approach from Social Choice Theory." Journal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics 22, no. 3 (2010): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3156/jsoft.22.3_322.
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van den Berg, Pauline, Astrid Kemperman, and Harry Timmermans. "Social Interaction Location Choice: A Latent Class Modeling Approach." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 104, no. 5 (July 21, 2014): 959–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.924726.
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Miller, Michael K. "Social choice theory without Pareto: The pivotal voter approach." Mathematical Social Sciences 58, no. 2 (September 2009): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2009.02.003.
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Darmann, Andreas. "A social choice approach to ordinal group activity selection." Mathematical Social Sciences 93 (May 2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2018.01.005.
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Efimov, Boris A., and Gleb A. Koshevoy. "A topological approach to social choice with infinite populations." Mathematical Social Sciences 27, no. 2 (April 1994): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(93)00722-7.
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Torra, Vicenç. "Random dictatorship for privacy-preserving social choice." International Journal of Information Security 19, no. 5 (October 16, 2019): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10207-019-00474-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Social choice provides methods for collective decisions. They include methods for voting and for aggregating rankings. These methods are used in multiagent systems for similar purposes when decisions are to be made by agents. Votes and rankings are sensitive information. Because of that, privacy mechanisms are needed to avoid the disclosure of sensitive information. Cryptographic techniques can be applied in centralized environments to avoid the disclosure of sensitive information. A trusted third party can then compute the outcome. In distributed environments, we can use a secure multiparty computation approach for implementing a collective decision method. Other privacy models exist. Differential privacy and k-anonymity are two of them. They provide privacy guarantees that are complementary to multiparty computation approaches, and solutions that can be combined with the cryptographic ones, thus providing additional privacy guarantees, e.g., a differentially private multiparty computation model. In this paper, we propose the use of probabilistic social choice methods to achieve differential privacy. We use the method called random dictatorship and prove that under some circumstances differential privacy is satisfied and propose a variation that is always compliant with this privacy model. Our approach can be implemented using a centralized approach and also a decentralized approach. We briefly discuss these implementations.
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Levenson, Maximilian. "A Relationalist Rethinking of Destructive Events." Journal of Speculative Philosophy 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jspecphil.36.1.0069.
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ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to show how William James's thought can help to construct a critical approach to the conceptualization of unexpected destructive events and suggest modes of conceptualization that reduce social injustice. I draw on several interrelated themes in James's thought, including, but not limited to: metaphysical and moral relationalism, the tragedy of choice, and the psychology of selective attention (with particular emphasis on its consequences for ethical pluralism). Specifically, I argue that James provides resources for mounting a criticism of a kind of essentialist thinking about unexpected events; for showing how this essentialism can create social injustice by obfuscating social choices and causing marginalized groups to bear a disproportionate share of social costs; for helping to construct a pluralistic approach to unexpected events that makes transparent the tragic choices laying behind them; and for putting this approach to use in ways that mitigate social injustice.
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HILLCOAT-NALLÉTAMBY, SARAH. "‘Pathways to choice’ of care setting." Ageing and Society 39, no. 2 (September 14, 2017): 277–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000940.
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ABSTRACTThis article aims to encourage critical reflection about the limitations of the rational choice approach as an explanatory insight to understanding older people's choice-making about their health or social care requirements. It develops an interpretive framework examining how older people engage in the process of choice-making when selecting a care option. Choice-making is conceptualised as a temporal, processual phenomenon, influenced by others, and characterised by an individual's behavioural responses to changing circumstance and lifecourse events. Data are from qualitative interviews with 29 older adults whose choice of care option involved moving to an extra-care setting in Wales (United Kingdom). Transcripts were coded using in-case and constant-comparison approaches, and analysis was undertaken using concepts ofengagementandtemporalityas elements of the choice-making process. Using an inductive approach, a typology of six different ‘pathways to choice’ of care setting was identified; these findings suggest that choosing a care option in later life is a diverse, interactive and time-bound social phenomenon, inadequately captured by the rational choice approach where it is understood more as an individualised, linear and logical process. Recognising that choice-making evolves through time as part of a process shaped by others means service providers will be better positioned to offer opportunities for more preventative-focused interventions which empower older consumers to make planned and informed choices about care options.
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Namita S Malik, Smita Gupta ,. "Prioritising Or Postponing?” Thematic Analysis Of Reproductive And Motherhood Choices Among Educated Indian Married Women." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 5784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.3006.
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This paper attempts to understand and explains the intersection of reproductive and motherhood choices among educated working and non-working married women in India. The choices women pick in realm of sociological, cultural and religious controls have been largely silenced in literature.
This phenomenological study looks into lives of 20 married educated Indian women and their reproductive and motherhood choices. With the help of semi-structured questionnaire, 20 women, predominantly educated middle class women, have been interviewed. A thematic analysis using a grounded approach has been used to analyse the qualitative data obtained from these 20 women. Two dominant themes emerged in the systematic qualitative review. Among educated working women, voices of career goals, self-accomplishments, and career promotions were the major theme manifested while exercising their reproduction choice. On the other hand, theme emerged among educated non-working mothers were enhancement in social influence, stability and social pressure. Study revealed the stress and social tensions embedded in exercising reproductive choice con-joined with family influences, economic priorities, career and biological clock urge.
The study further describes how increase in technological advancements and modernism has not affected largely sphere of women reproductive choices and changed social perception of motherhood; rather complicated dilemmas for her.
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Shepherd, Richard. "Social determinants of food choice." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 4 (November 1999): 807–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199001093.
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Food choice is influenced by a large number of factors, including social and cultural factors. One method for trying to understand the impact of these factors is through the study of attitudes. Research is described which utilizes social psychological attitude models of attitude-behaviour relationships, in particular the Theory of Planned Behaviour. This approach has shown good prediction of behaviour, but there are a number of possible extensions to this basic model which might improve its utility. One such extension is the inclusion of measures of moral concern, which have been found to be important both for the choice of genetically-modified foods and also for foods to be eaten by others. It has been found to be difficult to effect dietary change, and there are a number of insights from social psychology which might address this difficulty. One is the phenomenon of optimistic bias, where individuals believe themselves to be at less risk from various hazards than the average person. This effect has been demonstrated for nutritional risks, and this might lead individuals to take less note of health education messages. Another concern is that individuals do not always have clear-cut attitudes, but rather can be ambivalent about food and about healthy eating. It is important, therefore, to have measures for this ambivalence, and an understanding of how it might impact on behaviour.
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FLEURBAEY, MARC. "SOCIAL CHOICE AND JUST INSTITUTIONS: NEW PERSPECTIVES." Economics and Philosophy 23, no. 1 (March 2007): 15–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267107001204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has become accepted that social choice is impossible in the absence of interpersonal comparisons of well-being. This view is challenged here. Arrow obtained an impossibility theorem only by making unreasonable demands on social choice functions. With reasonable requirements, one can get very attractive possibilities and derive social preferences on the basis of non-comparable individual preferences. This new approach makes it possible to design optimal second-best institutions inspired by principles of fairness, while traditionally the analysis of optimal second-best institutions was thought to require interpersonal comparisons of well-being. In particular, this approach turns out to be especially suitable for the application of recent philosophical theories of justice formulated in terms of fairness, such as equality of resources.
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Wang, Min, Yulan Han, and Yiyi Su. "Social contagion or strategic choice?" Chinese Management Studies 11, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-05-2017-0122.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore how Chinese negotiators’ positive and negative emotions affect value claiming during dyadic negotiations and examine the influence of these aroused emotions on the recipient as well as the antecedents and consequents of such reactions. Design/methodology/approach Using a simulated face-to-face negotiation between buyers and sellers, the authors conducted an experiment based on the manipulation of the sellers’ emotions. About 280 undergraduates participated in a simulated negotiation. SPSS20.0 statistical analysis software was used to test the hypothesis. Findings The results indicated that the sellers who demonstrates negative emotions claimed more value than happy sellers (direct effect), and the perceived power disadvantage mediated this effect. Moreover, buyers in the happy dyads displayed a higher evaluation of their guanxi (relationship). This experiment also indicated that the sellers’ emotions (happiness or anger) evoked a reciprocal emotion in the buyers, supporting the social contagion perspective. More importantly, as emotion recipients, the buyers’ reactions exerted further influence on the outcomes (ripple effect); specifically, in the happy dyads, the buyers’ positive emotional reactions were negatively related to their individual gains. Finally, the buyers with low agreeableness were more likely to display negative emotional reactions. Research limitations/implications Negotiators should have an understanding of how emotions may shape conflict development and resolution via direct and ripple effects. In general, during Chinese negotiations, expressing anger is an effective negotiation tactic that incurs the expense of damaged relationships with counterparts. Originality/value The findings validated the impact of emotions in the Chinese negotiation context. Further, the paper extended the research by demonstrating the influence of emotions on the recipients’ reactions. Both the direct and ripple effect provided evidence for adopting the strategic choice perspective during negotiations.
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Flambard, Véronique. "Demand for housing choices in the north of France: a discrete approach." Journal of European Real Estate Research 10, no. 3 (November 6, 2017): 346–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-11-2016-0038.
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Purpose This research aims to analyse the housing demand in northern France with respect to socio-demographic variables and the distance between the residence and the workplace. Design/methodology/approach Econometrics with discrete choice models are used to study the three main dimensional choices of housing demand: tenure, type and location. A contribution is to use a heteroscedastic logit model where the variance of the error term is allowed to differ over alternatives and to capture in particular the heterogeneity of tastes. As a matter of fact, household characteristics are very likely to influence the magnitude of the scale parameter in the choice of housing alternatives and then influencing the results if it is not taken into account. Applications for housing demand are nearly non-existent. This paper fills this gap. Findings Econometric estimation confirms that residential choices are influenced by age, income and size of the household, as well as by the rent-to-income ratio. An increase in any of these variables decreases the probability of choices of all the alternatives other than the most often chosen alternative (which is for this application house ownership in the suburb). Moreover, the distance to work systematically influences the housing choice for single-parent families and two-earner households. Additionally, preferences are found to significantly differ between local housing markets, specifically between Lille (a large agglomeration and capital city of the North area) and Dunkerque (an industrialised area). The geographical areas are defined based on INSEE employment zones (“zones d’emplois”). Research limitations/implications This research has been performed for the north of France and may not hold for other areas even though the methodology can be replicated and the mechanisms at play are quite similar elsewhere. Practical implications An important conclusion for sustainable development is the importance to improve city centre amenities relative to those of the suburb or to increase the services associated with high-density dwelling because clearly the most desired alternative remains a house in the suburb. The housing market in the Dunkerque area has some special features characterised by a strong industrial landscape (with port and heavy-duty industrial activities). In this context, amenities provided by the city centre offset the strong attraction of a house in the suburb. Social implications This research shows that households with similar characteristics tend to prefer the same type of real estate property. Therefore, to avoid social segregation, it is important that housing supply respond to different household preferences and needs in the different segments of the housing market. Moreover, the housing supply should take into account the specificities of the geographical areas (both in terms of population who may have a different profile) and in terms of amenities. Originality/value This research is one of the very few conducted ones on discrete housing choices in France (with the notable exception of De Palma et al., 2007 for the choice of location). Three simultaneous choices are considered: tenure (including social housing which is almost always ignored), type of building and location. The authors have shown that it is important to take into account the heterogeneity of the preferences in the econometric model with a heteroscedastic logit model.
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Hendren, Nathaniel, Camille Landais, and Johannes Spinnewijn. "Choice in Insurance Markets: A Pigouvian Approach to Social Insurance Design." Annual Review of Economics 13, no. 1 (August 5, 2021): 457–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-090820-111716.
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Should choice be offered in social insurance programs? This review presents a conceptual framework that identifies the key forces determining the social value of offering choice. We show that the value of offering choice is higher the larger the variation in individual valuations for extra insurance is, but it gets reduced by both selection on risk and selection on moral hazard. Besides adverse selection, the implementation of choice-based policies is further challenged by the presence of choice frictions or the obligation to offer basic uncompensated care. All these inefficiencies can be seen as externalities that do not rationalize the absence of providing choice per se but point to the need for regulatory policies and suggest the potential value of corrective pricing à la Pigou. Applying this framework to the existing evidence on these forces in the context of unemployment insurance, we find that offering insurance choice can be valuable even in the presence of significant adverse selection. We conclude by showing how this framework can constitute a fruitful guide for further empirical research in different insurance domains.
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Jacobson, Tom, and Leanne Chang. "Sen’s Capabilities Approach and the Measurement of Communication Outcomes." Journal of Information Policy 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.9.1.0111.
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Abstract Amartya Sen’s capabilities approach to development defines development as an increase in freedoms citizens have to choose preferred development options. While Sen’s more recent writings are theoretical and philosophical his work was originally based in social choice theory, which comprises a tradition in quantifying and analyzing collective preferences, or choices among preferences. This article argues that such aggregation procedures can be useful in research devoted to communication for development (C4D). They can be employed in evaluating the outcomes of processes intended to facilitate participation in decision making, in both small and large-scale project settings.
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Moses, Michele S., and Kathryn E. Wiley. "Social Context Matters: Bridging Philosophy and Sociology to Strengthen Conceptual Foundations for College Access Research." American Educational Research Journal 57, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 1665–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831219883587.
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Scholars in distinct academic disciplines may examine the same or similar phenomena, often relying on concepts that are well known within each discipline. In this article, we examine two related sociological concepts—capital and adaptive preferences—each used to explain young people’s choices and aspirations. We make the case that integrating the philosophical concept of the “social context of choice” into analyses using “capital” or “adaptive preferences” provides an interdisciplinary approach to analyses of underrepresented students’ educational choices and aspirations in higher education, beyond what each concept provides alone. We ground our philosophical examination in data from a 2-year empirical study of an educational access and outreach program for low-income students.
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Bischoff, Ivo. "Institutional choice versus communication in social dilemmas—An experimental approach." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 62, no. 1 (January 2007): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2005.01.003.
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Hansson, Sven Ove. "Preference-based choice functions: a generalized approach." Synthese 171, no. 2 (September 2, 2009): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9650-5.
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De Hoyos, Genevieve, and Claigh Jensen. "The Systems Approach in American Social Work." Social Casework 66, no. 8 (October 1985): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948506600806.
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The authors find that social workers today assess their clients traditionally, but are eclectic in their choice of interventions, extending the medical model to include the person-in-situation approach or applying whatever theory works. Three major systems theories are reviewed.
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Stevens, Jeffrey R. "Evolutionary pressures on primate intertemporal choice." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1786 (July 7, 2014): 20140499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0499.
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From finding food to choosing mates, animals must make intertemporal choices that involve fitness benefits available at different times. Species vary dramatically in their willingness to wait for delayed rewards. Why does this variation across species exist? An adaptive approach to intertemporal choice suggests that time preferences should reflect the temporal problems faced in a species's environment. Here, I use phylogenetic regression to test whether allometric factors relating to body size, relative brain size and social group size predict how long 13 primate species will wait in laboratory intertemporal choice tasks. Controlling for phylogeny, a composite allometric factor that includes body mass, absolute brain size, lifespan and home range size predicted waiting times, but relative brain size and social group size did not. These findings support the notion that selective pressures have sculpted intertemporal choices to solve adaptive problems faced by animals. Collecting these types of data across a large number of species can provide key insights into the evolution of decision making and cognition.
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Okhrimenko, Iana. "Social Choice, Social Sustainability, and Why the Neoclassical Approach Fails to See the Difference." Zarządzanie Publiczne, no. 4(50)/2019 (2019): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15678/zp.2019.50.4.05.
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Prakasam, Geetha Rani, Mukesh, and Gopinathan R. "Enrolment by academic discipline in higher education: differential and determinants." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 26, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabes-12-2018-0104.
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Purpose Enrolling in an academic discipline or selecting the college major choice is a dynamic process. Very few studies examine this aspect in India. This paper makes a humble attempt to fill this gap using NSSO 71st round data on social consumption on education. The purpose of this paper is to use multinomial regression model to study the different factors that influence course choice in higher education. The different factors (given the availability of information) considered relate to ability, gender, cost of higher education, socio-economic and geographical location. The results indicate that gender polarization is apparent between humanities and engineering. The predicated probabilities bring out the dichotomy between the choice of courses and levels of living expressed through consumption expenditures in terms of professional and non-professional courses. Predicted probabilities of course choices bring in a clear distinction between south and west regions preferring engineering and other professional courses, whereas north, east and NES prefer humanities. Design/methodology/approach The present paper follows the same approach as that of Turner and Bowen (1999). The Multinomial regression is specified as P ( M i = j ) = ( exp ( β j × X i ) / ∑ j − 1 5 exp ( β j × X i ) ) , where P (Mi=j) denotes the probability of choosing outcome j, the particular course/major choice that categorizes different disciplines. This response variable is specified with five categories: such as medicine, engineering, other professional courses, science and humanities. The authors’ primary interest is to determine the factors governing an individual’s decision to choose a particular subject field as compared to humanities. In other words, to make the system identifiable in the MLR, humanities is treated as a reference category. The vector Xi includes the set of explanatory variables and βj refers to the corresponding coefficients for each of the outcome j. From an aggregate perspective, the distribution of course choices is an important input to the skill (technical skills) composition of future workforce. In that sense, except humanities, the rest of the courses are technical-intensive courses; hence, humanities is treated as a reference category. Findings The results indicate that gender polarization is apparent between humanities and engineering. The predicated probabilities bring out the dichotomy between the choice of courses and levels of living expressed through consumption expenditures in terms of professional and non-professional courses. Predicted probabilities of course choices bring in a clear distinction between south and west regions preferring engineering and other professional courses, whereas north, east and NES prefer humanities. Research limitations/implications Predicted probabilities of course choices bring in a clear distinction between south and west regions preferring engineering and other professional courses, whereas north, east and NES prefer humanities. This course and regional imbalance need to be worked with multi-pronged strategies of providing both access to education and employment opportunities in other states. But the predicted probabilities of medicine and science remain similar across the board. Very few research studies on the determinants of field choice in higher education prevail in India. Research studies on returns to education by field or course choices hardly exist in India. These evidences are particularly important to know which course choices can support student loans, which can be the future area of work. Practical implications The research evidence is particularly important to know which course choices can support student loans, which can be the future area of work, as well as how to address the gender bias in the course choices. Social implications The paper has social implications in terms of giving insights into the course choices of students. These findings bring in implications for practice in their ability to predict the demand for course choices and their share of demand, not only in the labor market but also across regions. India has 36 states/UTs and each state/UT has a huge population size and large geographical areas. The choice of course has state-specific influence because of nature of state economy, society, culture and inherent education systems. Further, within the states, rural and urban variation has also a serious influence on the choice of courses. Originality/value The present study is a value addition on three counts. First, the choice of courses includes the recent trends in the preference over market-oriented/technical courses such as medicine, engineering and other professional courses (chartered accountancy and similar courses, courses from Industrial Training Institute, recognized vocational training institute, etc.). The choice of market-oriented courses has been examined in relation to the choice of conventional subjects. Second, the socio-economic background of students plays a significant role in the choice of courses. Third, the present paper uses the latest data on Social Consumption on Education.
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J. Bryce, Herrington. "Public policy rules and norms in choice of a nesting place of a social enterprise." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 3, no. 2 (October 14, 2014): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-12-2012-0055.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider how public policy rules and norms embedded in the operation and financing of firms and nonprofits may affect the choice of one or the other for nesting a social enterprise while reducing the risk of failure due to an initial bad choice. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is conceptual and literature based. It identifies and evaluates factors in public policy that are embedded in the rules and norms of operating and financing firms and nonprofits that could materially affect the choice of a nesting place of a social enterprise. It treats the choice as a two-stage process: whether firm or nonprofit and what type of firm or what type of nonprofit. Findings – The choice of a structural form for nesting a social enterprise is dependent upon the public policies embedded in each form that affect the probability of venture success and entrepreneurial remorse. Research limitations/implications – This paper suggests that public policy norms and rules are deserving variables in the empirical and experimental determinants of choice and success in social enterprises. Practical implications – This paper may be used for conducting experiments of choice, as a teaching or other pedagogical tool, and for guiding entrepreneurs in making informed choices as to where to nest a social enterprise. Originality/value – The literature contains several articles on how personality, alertness, opportunity, context, and similar factors affect entrepreneurial behavior. This paper is unique in that it adds public policy to that list by demonstrating that the norms and rules derived from policy (federal and state) are determinative of an informed choice.
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Kociemska, Hanna. "Theory of Public Choice, Theory of Social Choice and Public-Private Partnership in a Heterodox Approach." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H, Oeconomia 51, no. 6 (April 13, 2018): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2017.51.6.129.
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Garcia, Matt. "Network Exploration of Interdistrict School Choice Over Time in a Mandatory Open Enrollment State." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 123, no. 9 (September 2021): 171–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681211052006.
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Background: Early studies of district-level outcomes of interdistrict school choice policies found changes in how districts interact with one another and changes in districts’ per-pupil expenditures. More recent studies suggest that wider social and political consequences may result from interdistrict choice policies. Purpose: In Colorado, interdistrict school choice participation increased from 4.64% participation in the 2003–2004 fiscal year to almost 10% participation in the 2016–2017 fiscal year, shifting more than $7.79 billion in per-pupil revenue in the process. This suggests a corresponding shift in the social organization of schooling under Colorado’s statewide interdistrict school choice policy. Research Design: Quantitative studies on school choice policies typically examine the factors leading to individual choices when choosing schools or the individual outcomes of those choices. This study takes a different approach to quantitative analysis of school choice by employing separable temporal exponential random graph modeling (STERGM), a network analysis method, to examine patterns of student-enrollment ties that are created between school districts when students enroll outside their district of residence. Conclusions/Recommendations: School district leaders and policy makers should be cognizant of changes to the organization of education and the fiscal impact of those changes—especially given that findings from this study suggest that these changes may be out of their hands. Findings may have indirect impacts on matters such as mill levy and bond evaluations by way of total program formula calculations and may suggest a hidden destabilization of democratic processes, such as losing the interest of voters who send their students to a school in another district.
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Ryan, David, Melvin Holmes, and Hannah Ensaff. "“I Control What I Eat and I'm Sensible with What I Eat, Apart from School” – A Qualitative Study of Adolescents’ Food Choices and the School Environment." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_062.
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Abstract Objectives Adolescent obesity is a significant issue in the UK, with 36% of 11 to 15 year olds classified as overweight or obese. Schools are seen as a sound setting to address this phenomenon. Mandatory School Food Standards have endeavoured to improve the nutritional profile of school food provision. However students often choose micronutrient poor, energy dense options. This study aimed to explore how and why secondary school students make their food choices within the school environment. Methods Seven focus group interviews were conducted with students (n = 28) aged 13–14 years in a school in Northern England. Development of the focus group schedule was informed by the socio-ecological model and food choice process model. Question topics included school food provision, students’ food choices and the role of friends and family in students’ food choices. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using an inductive thematic approach: an iterative process of reading and re-reading transcripts, coding of nodes and grouping of nodes into unique themes. NVivo12 software was used to facilitate data management. Results Six initial themes emerged; (1) home environment, (2) food knowledge, (3) food choice factors, (4) food autonomy struggle, (5) social influences and (6) home versus school. Findings suggest that adolescents juxtapose the school and home food environments, in terms of food provision, food choices, as well as food-related rules and customs. Students identified food choices at home as being a structured and clearly defined process, with parents and caregivers acting as nutritional gatekeepers. In contrast, students depicted school food choices as being less straight-forward, determined by factors including social influences and school food choice parameters (e.g., time, queues, cost). Students reported choosing less “healthy” items at school than at home, and justified this by reportedly adopting perceived healthier choices/behaviours at home. Conclusions Both the school and home environment (in)directly influence adolescents’ school food choices. Further research is needed to understand these contrasting environmental influences, and how adolescents manage and integrate their food choice behaviours in different environments. Funding Sources Research funded by the University of Leeds.
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Clarke, Matthew. "Measuring Human Well-being in Thailand: A Normative Social Choice Approach." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 11, no. 2 (May 2006): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860600591028.
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Biong, Harald, and Ragnhild Silkoset. "Buying CSR with employees’ pensions? The effect of social responsible investments on Norwegian SMEs’ choice of pension fund management." International Journal of Bank Marketing 35, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2015-0162.
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Purpose Employees often expect an emphasis on financial aspects to be predominant when their employers choose a fund management company for the investment of employees’ pension fund deposits. By contrast, in an attempt to appear as socially responsible company managers may emphasize social responsibility (SR) in pension fund choices. The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent managers for small- and medium-sized companies emphasize SR vs expected returns when choosing investment managers for their employees’ pension funds. Design/methodology/approach A conjoint experiment among 276 Norwegian SMEs’ decision makers examines their trade-offs between social and financial goals in their choice of employees’ pension management. Furthermore, the study examines how the companies’ decision makers’ characteristics influence their pension fund management choices. Findings The findings show that the employers placed the greatest weight to suppliers providing funds adhering to socially responsible investment (SRI) practices, followed by the suppliers’ corporate brand credibility, the funds’ expected return, and the suppliers’ management fees. Second, employers with investment expertise emphasized expected returns and downplayed SR in their choice, whereas employers with stated CSR-strategies downplayed expected return and emphasized SR. Originality/value Choice of supplier to manage employees’ pension funds relates to a general discussion on whether companies should do well – maximizing value, or do good, – maximizing corporate SR. In this study, doing well means maximizing expected returns and minimizing costs of the pension investments, whereas doing good means emphasizing SRI in this choice. Unfortunately, the employees might pay a price for their companies’ ethicality as moral considerations may conflict with maximizing the employees’ pension fund value.
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Stritch, Justin M., and Robert K. Christensen. "Raising the next generation of public servants? Parental influence on volunteering behavior and public service career aspirations." International Journal of Manpower 37, no. 5 (August 1, 2016): 840–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2014-0249.
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Purpose – While there is a large body of literature examining the effect public service motivation (PSM) has on both an individual’s career and volunteering decisions, the effects of social learning and parental influences on both volunteerism and selection into public service are relatively unexplored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between parental volunteering and career choice, PSM, and the volunteering behaviors and career choices of their adult children. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examine data collected from first-year undergraduate students at a large, public university in the southeastern USA to examine, the impact of parents in the development of public service behaviors like volunteering and career choice. Findings – The authors find that parental influence matters in shaping voluntary behavior and career aspirations, but that this social learning is distinct by gender. Originality/value – The authors are unaware of work that directly focusses on parents’ volunteering and career choices, after controlling for PSM, on both the volunteering and public service career decisions of their children.
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Ghvanidze, Sophie, Natalia Velikova, Tim Dodd, and Wilna Oldewage-Theron. "A discrete choice experiment of the impact of consumers’ environmental values, ethical concerns, and health consciousness on food choices." British Food Journal 119, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 863–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2016-0342.
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Purpose Over the last few decades, consumers’ concerns for healthier lifestyles and the environment have become the driving forces for forming food-buying intentions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of product attributes regarding nutrition and health benefits of products, the environmental impact of production and social responsibility of producers on consumers’ food and wine choices. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis is based on an online survey conducted in the USA, the UK and Germany, and incorporates a discrete choice experiment with visual shelf simulations. Findings Price and nutrition information are much more influential on consumers’ food choices than information about social responsibility of producers or the ecological impact of production. Product attributes emphasizing the ecological impact of production and social responsibility of food producers are specifically valued by consumers with high levels of environmental consciousness and by those concerned about goods production. Consumers who are health conscious regarding their lifestyle and diets derive high utility values from the nutritional information of the product. Practical implications The study contributes to an understanding of how to promote healthier food and wine choices and social and environmental responsibility of food and wine producers in various markets. Originality/value The study offers a comparison of product attributes concerning ecological, social, nutrition and health benefits of the product; as well the investigation of congruent interrelationships between the consumers’ values and related product attributes in three culturally distinct consumer groups.
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Conroy-Beam, Daniel. "Couple Simulation: A Novel Approach for Evaluating Models of Human Mate Choice." Personality and Social Psychology Review 25, no. 3 (January 7, 2021): 191–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868320971258.
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Choosing a mate is perhaps the most important decision a sexually reproducing organism makes in its lifetime. And yet, psychologists lack a precise description of human mate choice, despite sustained attention from several theoretical perspectives. Here, I argue this limited progress owes to the complexity of mate choice and describe a new modeling approach, called “couple simulation,” designed to compare models of mate choice by challenging them to reproduce real couples within simulated mating markets. I present proof-of-concept simulations that demonstrate couple simulation can identify a population’s true model of mate choice. Furthermore, I apply couple simulation to two samples of real couples and find that the method (a) successfully reconstructs real-world couples, (b) discriminates between models of mate choice, and (c) predicts a wide range of dimensions of relationship quality. Collectively, these results provide evidence that couple simulation offers a framework useful for evaluating theories of human mate choice.
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Daniel, Maren Mallo, Jurbe Joseph Molwus, Joseph Tanko Nkup, and Nenrot Gombwer Wuyokwe. "Addressing Socio-technical Issues in Built Environment Research: A Philosophical Premise." Urban Development Issues 65, no. 1 (April 9, 2020): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udi-2020-0004.
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AbstractResearchers within the built environment disciplines have increasingly drawn on a plurality of social methods in order to enrich their research. Three decades down the line the place of philosophy in the choice of appropriate research methods is yet to be appreciated by some built environment researchers. Consequently, a lack of adventure in interpretive research, wrong choice of methods and underrepresentation of the qualitative approach are reported, which suggests the existence of a knowledge gap. This study is aimed at illustrating the philosophical premise for employing social research methods to address socio-technical issues in built environment research. In achieving this, reference was made to a fire incident in a student dormitory in Nigeria as a problem upon which contrasting–subjectivist and objectivist–philosophical positions were examined. The consideration of these philosophical positions and the choices that resulted from both spectrums were seen to have their strengths and weaknesses. To offset the weaknesses in each approach while also leveraging on the strengths that each approach offers, the paper illustrated how a compromise–pragmatist–position can be reached to allow for the choice of, and mixing of multi-methods to solve research problems that could not be adequately solved using any single method.
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Shaver, Kelly G., and Linda R. Scott. "Person, Process, Choice: The Psychology of New Venture Creation." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 16, no. 2 (January 1992): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879201600204.
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Psychology can be distinguished from other behavioral sciences by its emphasis on the behavior of the individual person. Behavior, in turn, is influenced by the way in which the external world is represented in the mind, and by the individual's exercise of choice. The article examines the possibility that relatively enduring attributes of the person might affect entrepreneurial activity, describes the social cognitive processes Involved in constructing representations of the external environment, and suggests which motivational variables affect behavioral choices. Although past research on “the psychology of the entrepreneur” has not been productive, a psychological approach based on persons, process, and choice holds promise for the future.
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Self, Sharmistha, and Subhasree Basuroy. "Factors influencing healthcare choices by the elderly in India: role of social interactions." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 9 (September 11, 2017): 1231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2015-0340.
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Purpose The primary objective of this paper is to identify and analyze factors that influence choice and quality of healthcare of the elderly population in two northern and two southern states in India. The purpose of this paper is to look beyond the obvious factors that influence choice and therefore the quality of healthcare and seek to find whether there are some additional indirect factors that also influence choice and quality of healthcare. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilizes data from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India pilot project, which was a cross-sectional survey of men and women aged 45 and over focusing on two northern states (Punjab and Rajasthan) and two southern states (Kerala and Karnataka). In this paper the authors carry out a Probit analysis to estimate the factors that influence the elderly’s choice of healthcare. Findings The authors find that social activity via different types of social interactions outside the home and access to a phone (which is one of the cheapest and most commonly used methods of communication used by people in India) are statistically significant in influencing better quality of healthcare for the elderly. Moreover, gender-segregated results suggest that social activity is particularly important for elderly females. Relative price of healthcare is also an important determinant of the quality of healthcare sought. The authors also find some consistent regional influences on healthcare choices by the elderly. Research limitations/implications The main limitation is the data itself which is cross-sectional in nature. However, as further rounds of survey are conducted the authors hope to be able to build on the results of this paper using a longitudinal approach. A second limitation is the lack of variables available for carrying out an instrumental variables analysis. The results imply that elderly males and females are influenced by different things when it comes to healthcare choices. Thus for policy to be effective, the government needs to pursue avenues that would be most likely to succeed. Practical implications One of the most important practical implications of this research is the understanding that informal channels of knowledge transmission are important especially for the elderly in India. Traditional methods of knowledge transmission such as education, media, and income are less likely to be effective in a country where majority of the people are illiterate and poor. Social interactions appear to be most effective in influencing healthcare choices of elderly females. Social implications The most obvious social implications of this paper are the importance of social interactions via social activities outside the home and ability for social communication via access to a phone for the elderly population in India to make better healthcare choices and therefore receive better healthcare. Originality/value The literature on elderly healthcare is limited when it comes to developing countries. What makes matters worse for India is that up until recently there have been no comprehensive efforts to collect reliable data on the elderly population in India. As a result there is extremely limited availability of policy-relevant research dedicated to issues relating to the older population. Most of the existing literature looks at self-reported health and healthcare status or utilization. This paper would be among the first to address factors influencing quality of healthcare received by the elderly population in India.