Дисертації з теми "Social capital"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Social capital.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "Social capital".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Rogan, Michelle A. "Acquiring social capital." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435932.
2
Baudasse, Thierry. "Social capital creation." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/333778.
Анотація:
Si capital social es una fuente de desarrollo económico, es importante crear mecanismos de inversión social que sean capaces de alimentar el Si capital social es una fuente de desarrollo económico, es importante. En la tercera parte se evalúa el rol del capital social en la educación capital social, particularmente en países en vías de desarrollo económico,superior en lo concerniente a la formulación de políticas publicas en el sector educación.
3
Dana-Démaret, Sabine. "Le capital social." Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO33004.
Анотація:
La notion de capital social est liee a celle de personnalite morale des societes. Malgre les critiques qui ont pu lui etre adressees et les defauts qui peuvent etre releves, cette notion est essentielle en droit des societes et son importance doit etre affirmee. Un point semble acquis en fonction des reformes recentes, ce n'est plus un instrument de controle de la societe (le droit de vote n'est plus uniquement fonction de la possession d'actions). Lui attribuer ce role n'entrainerait que deception et critiques. En revanche, le capital social est un instrument fondamental en matiere de financement de l'activite sociale; il faut en ce sens l'envisager de maniere extensive (cela vise la possible inclusion des apports en industrie, et le regime de ce que l'on peut appeler quasi-capital). Il a aussi un role a jouer comme instrument de protection des creanciers (non comme gage direct, mais comme garantie indirecte), grace aux principes de fixite et d'intangibilite, qu'il faut cependant redefinir clairement : et dans une moindre mesure comme instrument de protection des associes par le role d'ecran qu'il joue parfois. En conclusion, la reflexion aboutit a affirmer la necessite du capital social, et lui organiser un reel statut juridique, notamment par une redefinition des regles qui le caracterisentThe share capital's notion is closely linked to the legal entity's one. In spite of criticisms that were levelled at him, and defects which can be finded, the share capital is quite basic in company law, and his importance must be asserted. According to french new legislative reforms, it seems now established that he can't any longer be regarded as a companies' control instrument (the voting power does not depend any more on the share's property). Assigning still now to him such a part would mean disappointment and criticisms. The share capital represents a basic instrument for financing the company's activity. So he must be regarded in an extensive way : that concerns the potential inclusion of "intellectual contribution" and the legal system of what could be named "quasicapital". Also, he can be used as a creditors'protection tool (not as direct pledge but as an indirect guarantee), because of steadiness and intangibility principles, which have to be redefined. To a lesser extent, he can be used as a partners'protection tool because of the screen-role he acts sometimes. In conclusion, the share capital is an essential notion and he needs a real legal status, particulary through a new definition of principles which accompany him (steadiness and intangibility)
4
Dana-Démaret, Sabine. "Le Capital social." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613200v.
5
Jiang, Yifan. "Multi-cultural social networking and social capital." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/multicultural-social-networking-and-social-capital(cd11a4ec-b019-486a-81b2-c68e5cb1c478).html.
Анотація:
Social Networking Sites allow users to manage their homepages to present themselves, and to interact with friends through networked connections. Some of these sites attract people from different cultural backgrounds (e.g. Facebook), providing an opportunity for online multi-cultural social networking to occur. This project aimed to contribute to cross-cultural Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) research, by investigating this kind of multi-cultural social networking. It focussed upon: 1) the role of cultural differences on users’ perception of self-presentation of others; 2) the relationship between cross-cultural social capital and cross-cultural social networking on social networking sites; and 3) unveiling factors affecting users’ decisions regarding social networking interactions. The researcher firstly investigated whether cultural differences in online self-presentation through communication styles affect audiences’ perception, and whether audiences from different cultural backgrounds have different ways of perceiving others’ online self-presentation. Secondly, whether cross-cultural social capital was associated with the intensity of cross-cultural social networking, and through which ways users can obtain the benefits of social capital through social networking interactions. Lastly, explored the factors influencing users’ decisions on whether and/or how much effort to place upon each type of social networking.British and Chinese social networking users were chosen as research participants to represent two different cultural groups. By systematically comparing the difference between them, the results suggest: 1) Cultural differences in online self-presentation do influence people’s perception of others, though it is not the only factor that affects this perception. British and Chinese audiences tend to focus on different cues when perceiving online self-presentations. 2) Cross-cultural social capital was positively associated with cross-cultural social networking. Further interview analysis revealed all kinds of social networking interactions (i.e. observing, communicating, grouping) could help users obtain the benefits of bridging social capital (e.g. acquiring new information and diffusing reciprocity); however only communicating and grouping with strong relationships brought different aspects of the benefit of bonding social capital to British and Chinese users. For instance, communicating and grouping helped Chinese users receive substantive support and access to limited resources; whereas grouping with strong relationships helped British users mobilize solidarity. 3) Three main factors may influence users’ decisions regarding multi-cultural social networking interactions: (a) relationship strength - although both British and Chinese users tend to communicate mostly with strong relationships, they have differences in observing and grouping with different relationships. British users tend to observe mostly strong relationships and group with all relationships, whereas Chinese users tend to group mostly with strong relationships and observe all relationships; (b) perceived benefit of social capital - only bridging social capital benefit affected British users’ decision, whereas both bridging and bonding social capital benefits motivated Chinese users; and (c) users’ cultural background.
6
Rivera, Sylvia Manzano. "Mas capital: Latino politics and social capital." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290148.
Анотація:
This study examines the role of social capital in the political life of Latinos in the United States. I consider the likelihood that Latinos accumulate and utilize social capital differently than the dominant political science literature has suggested. Most social capital research has examined the majority population and the participatory outcomes of their network resources. For Latinos, social capital is complicated by ethnicity. Latino social networks and political participation can occur in two different ethnic contexts: one which is exclusively Latino and one which is dominated by the majority, Anglo population. Using Robert Putnam's definition and classification of social capital, I examine how the three largest Latino national origin groups accumulate social capital and participate in the American political system. Ultimately I examine not only how much social capital exists among Latinos, but also how it functions for them. This dissertation engages in testing and building upon social capital theory by examining its five components and its bifurcated nature. This dissertation offers a full analysis of social capital presence and performance among Latinos. First I examine social capital accumulation among Latinos. Then I explore how social capital operates in the context of political participation. I find clear evidence of two types of social capital: bridge and bond. I find that Latinos are accumulating both bond and bridge social capital, and levels of political activity are highly affected by these resources. National origin, nativity, gender and language largely influence how Latinos accumulate and employ their social capital resources. Foreign born, female and Spanish dominant Latinos have their social capital more densely concentrated among co-ethnics. The implications of the differing levels of bond and bridge social capital resources in the political setting are varied. My analysis indicates that bridge social capital has consistently strong and positive effects on Latino political participation in any ethnic political context. Bond social capital generally has a positive impact on Latino participation as well, though not as consistent as bridge capital. Social capital theory does indeed help explain some of the uniqueness found in Latino political behavior.
7
Pressley, Ashley. "Cultural capital, social capital and communities of practice in social marketing." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69685/.
Анотація:
The overall goal of this thesis is to examine three divergent literature streams, cultural capital, social capital and communities of practice (CoPs), in the context of social marketing theory. The thesis explores the means through which social and cultural capital are exchanged between two groups using social marketing techniques within a CoP framework and considers anti-social behaviour, experiential marketing and relationship marketing literatures. Four theoretical propositions are examined using mixed method and longitudinal action research approaches within a practical road safety intervention. The goal of the ‘live’ intervention sought to encourage the adoption of advanced driving practices in a group of young male drivers. Behaviour change was measured pre- and post- intervention using In Vehicle Data Recorders (IVDRs), questionnaire surveys and measured driver assessments. Supplementary qualitative insights were generated using observations, one-to-one interviews and focus groups. An understanding of advanced driving practices was achieved through extensive participation in advanced driver training by the researcher. The results of the investigation identified two groups of road users each exhibiting distinct tastes and preferences within a framework of concepts derived from the work of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The evidence suggests that following intervention, and including the socialisation of these groups, a positive shift occurred in the adoption of advanced driving practices. Contribution is made to social marketing theory through the application of Bourdieu’s cultural capital ‘taste zones’ applied to a social marketing context. Social marketing is then portrayed as playing a ‘bridging’ function between two groups. This approach portrays the role of social marketing as a facilitator of positive ‘customer–customer’ interactions as opposed to a more traditional ‘customer–change-agent’ orientation. Furthermore, the CoP concept is suggested as a viable mechanism through which this modified orientation can be achieved. Key words: social marketing, cultural capital, social capital, communities of practice, road safety, advanced driving.
8
KAYUMOV, Yakhyo. "Does Social Capital Matter : from Civil Society to Social Capital in Uzbekistan." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14546.
9
Kayumov, Yakhyo. "Does Social Capital Matter? From Civil Society to Social Capital in Uzbekistan." Gadjah Mada University Press, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15885.
10
Carayol, Timothée. "Social capital, human capital, and labour market outcomes." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/414/.
Анотація:
This thesis aims to document several aspects pertaining to the dynamics of human capital, both from a theoretical and an empirical viewpoint. Chapter 2 studies how informational flows arising from social connections can affect careers and promotions. It aims to achieve identification of this causal pathway by focusing on the careers of bishops in the Catholic church. The range of the data, both in time and in space, makes it possible to infer some types of social connections between bishops (based on geography and careers), which in turn allows for the identification of their effect on careers. I find that being connected to the relevant bishops has a positive and significant effect on the likelihood of promotion to a diocese. Chapter 3 investigates the transmission of human capital from one generation to the next. While the correlation of parents’ educational achievement with that of their children is strong and well documented, there is a scarcity of consensual evidence that this relationship has a causal nature. We use a French reform that increased the duration of compulsory schooling by two years as a natural experiment, providing exogenous variation in parental years of schooling, and study its effect on the children of the affected individuals. We find evidence of a strong effect of paternal education on the educational achievement of children. Research on employer learning has concentrated on contexts where there is uncertainty only on either the general or the match-specific human capital of the worker. Chapter 4 develops a model where general and specific human capital coexist, and the uncertainty is on their respective shares in total productivity. The model generates predictions on a number of dimensions, e.g. declining worker mobility with experience and increase in wage variance over the lifetime.
11
Karlan, Dean S. "Social capital and microfinance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8412.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2002.Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter one is titled "Social Capital and Group Banking." Lending to the poor is costly due to high screening, monitoring, and enforcement costs. Group lending advocates believe individuals are able to select creditworthy peers, monitor the use of loan proceeds, and enforce repayment better than an outside lending organization can by harnessing the social capital in small groups. Using data collected from FINCA-Peru, I exploit the randomness inherent in their formation of lending groups to identify the effect of social capital on group lending. I find that having more social capital results in higher repayment and higher savings. I also find suggestive evidence that in high social capital environments, group members are better able to distinguish between default due to moral hazard and default due to true negative personal shocks. Chapter two is titled "Can Games Measure Social Capital and Predict Financial Decisions." Economic theory suggests that market failures arise when contracts are difficult to enforce or observe. Social capital can help to solve these failures. Measuring social capital has become a great challenge for social capital research. I examine whether behavior in a trust game predicts future financial behavior. I find that trustworthy behavior in the game predicts higher loan repayment and savings deposits, whereas more trusting behavior predicts the opposite. Analyzing General Social Survey responses to questions on trust, fairness and helping others, I find that those with more positive attitudes towards others are more likely to repay their loan.
(cont.) Chapter three is titled "When Curiosity Kills Profits: An Experimental Examination." Economic theory predicts that under Bertrand competition, with equal and observable costs, firms earn zero profits. Theory also predicts that if costs are not common knowledge, firms should use their weakly dominant strategy of pricing above marginal cost and earn positive profits. Hence, rational profit-maximizing Bertrand firms should prefer less public information. In an auction game, we find that individuals without information on each other's valuations earn more profits than those with common knowledge. Then, given a choice between the two rules, half the individuals preferred to have the information. We discuss possible explanations, including ambiguity aversion.
by Dean S. Karlan.
Ph.D.
12
Galdos, Gonzalo. "Confianza y capital social." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/285401.
Анотація:
En el caso infortunado de que usted tuviera un familiar directo —padre, hermano o hijo— quien, siendo criminal confeso y sentenciado, huye de la prisión y se refugia en su casa, frente a la inminencia de un allanamiento policial, ¿usted lo delataría y entregaría, o lo ayudaría en su escape?
13
Neuenfeld, Débora Raquel. "Capital social e desenvolvimento." Florianópolis, SC, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/91786.
Анотація:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em AdministraçãoMade available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T02:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 249523.pdf: 1772121 bytes, checksum: 0df2a25424f23a7ea34934905140010a (MD5)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar como se apresentam os indicadores de desenvolvimento humano em dez regiões do Estado de Santa Catarina que expressam diferentes níveis de confiança. Trata-se de um estudo de cunho exploratório e descritivo que utilizou uma abordagem qualitativa. Em relação aos dados, estes foram coletados de fontes secundárias, utilizando-se dos dados do índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal das regiões e dos resultados da pesquisa intitulada "Diagnóstico do Capital Social em dez regiões de Santa Catarina" realizado pelo Grupo Politéia, grupo de pesquisa do Centro de Ciências da Administração da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo. A presente dissertação, além de apresentar reflexões a respeito da noção de desenvolvimento e desenvolvimento sustentável, também apresentou uma análise da evolução do conceito de capital social e do entendimento dos autores sobre sua possível associação ao conceito de desenvolvimento. Ainda, procura-se discutir o conceito de indicadores e sua utilização nas ciências sociais. Com base nos dados da pesquisa, foram analisados os índices de desenvolvimento humano das dez regiões do Estado de Santa Catarina separadamente de forma a obter um panorama da situação de cada região no que se refere a este índice. Verificou-se também o capital social das regiões por meio da análise do nível de confiança expresso pelos pesquisados pelo Grupo Politéia. Tal análise possibilitou a constatação de que há diferenças consideráveis entre o nível de confiança atribuído pelos pesquisados aos diversos agentes institucionais em todas as regiões estudadas. Por fim, foram analisadas as possíveis relações entre o índice de desenvolvimento humano e o nível de confiança das regiões. A análise do IDHM das regiões e dos níveis de confiança expressos pelos dirigentes das organizações sociais analisadas permitiu afirmar que há uma relação positiva entre o índice de desenvolvimento humano e o capital social na maioria as regiões. Contudo, a análise das informações referentes às pessoas da comunidade não permitiu afirmar que há relação entre eles. Destaca-se também que este trabalho busca colaborar na evolução das produções de cunho acadêmico relacionadas ao desenvolvimento humano e ao capital social, uma vez que se entende que tais estudos possam trazer importantes contribuições para o estabelecimento de ações que visem o desenvolvimento sustentável da sociedade.
14
Decroix, Yann. "Du capital social à la situation nette." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUED001.
Анотація:
Le capital social, garantie des créanciers et mesure des droits et du pouvoir des associés, n'est plus. Cet échec justifie de proposer un nouvel instrument juridique : la situation nette comptable. Reflet de la solvabilité et de la valeur patrimoniale de la société, la notion répond favorablement à l' "intérêt commun des créanciers sociaux et des tiers ", qui réside dans la confiance ou l'assurance de l'exécution par la société de la prestation promise ou attendue. Elle autorise une mesure satisfaisante de la solvabilité et de la valeur de la société, dont l'appréciation permet de juger la capacité de l'entreprise à réaliser cette prestation et qui est le siège véritable de la protection des tiers et des créanciers sociaux. A l'égard des associés, la situation nette révèle la réelle consistance de leurs droits financiers et politiques. La notion permet encore d'approcher davantage la réalité du pouvoir social et de jauger et protéger la pérennité économique de la sociétéShare capital, as a guarantee to creditors and gauge of the rights and powers of shareholders, is dead. Its failure justifies putting forward a new legal tool : the "net book position". This notion, which reflects the solvency of a company and the value of its patrimony, satisfies the "mutual interest of creditors and third patries", which resides in the belief or assurance that such company will fulfill its obligations and their expectations. It allows a satisfactory evaluation of the solvency and the value of a company, which enables a judgement to be made on its ability to fulfill such obligations and expectations, and which is the issue of creditors and third patries'protection. With respect to shareholders, "net book position"reveals the true extent of their financial and voting rights within a company. This notion also allows us to take a closer look at the reality of power within companies and to ascertain and protect their economic perennation
15
Sandovici, Maria Elena. "Social capital and political action." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
16
Bowles, David Bernard. "Social Capital and Volunteer Behaviour." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490399.
Анотація:
The concept ofsocial capital has proved extremely popular, appearing to provide a valuable analytical tool to investigate contemporary social relations, particularly the perceived decline in social and civic engagemenL This thesis compares Robert Putnam's widely acclaimed work on social capital with that ofPierre Bourdieu. Unlike Putnam's 'public good' model, Bourdieu's concept ofsocial capital cannot be considered in isolation from his overall theoretical approach involving economic, cultural, social and symbolic capitals, and the concepts ofhabitus and field. In contrasting these theories a class-based approach is adopted, comparing the activities ofthe volunteers from two similar day centres for older people. Valley is set in an aflluent rural setting, while Northbury is located in a working class town. Participant observation was carried out while working as a volunteer at each of these locations. The participant observation is used to compare the two Centres as case studies and then uses Bourdieu's concepts to explore the differences between them. The comparison is argued to help look at the way social capital, in Bourdieu's formulation, can be a useful heuristic tool when looking at such volunteer behaviour. The implication is that Putnam's more popular version of social capital neglects class differences, ignoring the reality ofliving within classdivided contemporary society. The popularity ofPutnam's thesis lies not in its explanatory power, but rather in its normative call to reinvigorate 'community' through individual civic reengagement. This theoretical position fits very well with a social policy discourse that is keen to play down class differences and encourage individual responsibility for care. Bourdieu's theoretical approach is complex, but it at least provides the tools for a more realistic investigation of social capital, avoiding the sterile Third Way debates of 'community' which neglect the underlying causes ofsocial disconnectedness, particularly class inequalities.
17
Leung, Ambrose. "Delinquency, capital and social institutions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60962.pdf.
18
Beaubien, Brad M. "Community festivals and social capital." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217382.
Анотація:
This research examines the relationship between community festivals and social capital across time and place. Social capital includes the social networks, norms, and trust that enable groups of individuals to cooperate in pursuing shared objectives, and benefits accrue to both the individual and the community. Research shows the ancient Greek and American Indian civilizations relied on festivals for a variety of purposes relating to social capital, including the bridging of social divides, the transmission of cultural heritage, and the reinforcement of community identity. Today, research findings from five small town festivals in Indiana indicate a similar relationship with social capital. Festivals can bring a community together, offer a shared experience for a diverse group of people, build new relationships, and foster community pride and identity. As such, community festivals may serve as a tool for community planners in building or sustaining social capital in a community.Department of Urban Planning
19
Webster, Richard. "The Dimensions of Social Capital." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5722.
Анотація:
This study called into question the rationale and methods used by researchers used to measure levels of social capital, particularly Putnam (1995), Paxton (1999), and Park (2006). A central purpose to this study was to partially replicate and extend the work of Park, who theoretically derived four dimensions of social capital. I develop measures of each dimension and then regress each on the variables of age, sex, race, ethnicity, marital status, education, income, and religiosity. This created four sets of outcomes from which I drew conclusions about the dimensionality of the social capital concept. Based on the low percentage of variance explained by the models and the fact that many coefficients reverse signs from one model to the next, I conclude that these dimensions do not represent four parts of a single, underlying construct. This was counter to both Paxton and Park's conclusions. The results of this study also offer a way to examine the effects of subgroups on each dimension. In addition, Park's hypothesis of “coffeeing together” was tested and found to be inconsistent with the descriptive results. Recommendations were made for future applications of social capital research and an alternative hypothesis was cited as a promising way to conduct subsequent studies.M.A.
Masters
Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology
20
Higgins, Donna L. "Social capital and HIV prevention." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360543.
21
Schneider, Fábio Böckmann. "Integração regional e capital social." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7424.
Анотація:
A Integração Regional Continental dos Estados é tema de grande relevância para a Ciência Política. O presente estudo se configura interdisciplinar ao combinar Direito Internacional com Relações Internacionais e Ciência Política. Na abordagem das principais correntes teóricas da Integração Regional, busca - se à reflexão intensiva e extensiva sobre a categoria Capital Social. Na análise histórico-analítica da Integração Regional, abordamos os legados da construção das sociedades e dos Estados-membros do MERCOSUL, contextualizando, em termos de cultura política, o tema proposto, em especial, a forma de incorporação das populações no campo político. Nas relações entre a Integração Regional e Capital Social, traçamos uma linha comparativa entre o MERCOSUL e a União Européia, a partir do modelo institucional e da adoção de políticas públicas. Tratamos também de documentos, concernentes à Integração Regional no que tange à cooperação estatal, suas relações com a soberania estatal e a conformação do modelo institucional. Na busca de demonstrar os entraves e as perspectivas da efetiva utilização do Capital Social de Integração Regional e seus possíveis efeitos positivos no Processo de Integração Continental da América do Sul.The Continental Regional Integration of States is theme of great relevance for the Political Science. The present study if it configures interdisciplinary when combining International Right with International Relationships and Political Science. In the approach of the main theoretical currents of the Regional Integration, search - if to the intensive and extensive reflection on the Social Capital category. In the historical-analytical analysis of the Regional Integration, we approached the legacies of the construction of the societies and of the States-members of MERCOSUL, in terms of political culture, the proposed theme, especially, the form of incorporation of the populations in the political field. In the relationships among the Regional and Capital Integration Social, we drew a comparative line between MERCOSUL and the European Union, starting from the institutional model and of the adoption of public politics. We also treated of documents, concerning to the Regional Integration with respect to the state cooperation, their relationships with the state sovereignty and the resignation of the institutional model. In the search of demonstrating the impediments and the perspectives of the effective use of the Social Capital of Regional Integration and their possible positive effects in the Process of Continental Integration of South America.
22
Sangnier, Marc. "Essais autour du capital social." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0125.
Анотація:
Le capital social est constitué des valeurs qui poussent les individus à coopérer et à agir avec réciprocité et empathie en l'absence de tout mécanisme de contrôle formel. Le capital social se manifeste au travers de la confiance, mais aussi via les opinions favorables à la responsabilité collective plutôt qu'individuelle en ce qui concerne la sécurité économique. Cette thèse amène de nouvelles réponses aux deux questions fondamentales que se pose la littérature. Quelles sont les conséquences des différences en matière de valeurs sur l'activité économique ? Qu'est-ce qui détermine l'existence de telles valeurs ? Les deux premiers chapitres s'intéressent à la relation entre la confiance d'une part, et la volatilité macroéconomique et le développement financier d'autre part. L'analyse montre que la confiance réduit la volatilité économique et favorise le développement financier tant dans l'espace que dans le temps. Le troisième documente une relation non-monotone entre normes de coopération et générosité de l'état-providence. Des états-providences généreux peuvent exister à la fois dans des pays dotés d'un fort niveau de confiance et dans ceux où elle est plus faible si les citoyens sont nombreux à profiter indûment du système d'assurance sociale. La question de l'origine des valeurs est abordée dans les deux derniers chapitres. Le quatrième s'intéresse à la persistance des valeurs liées au mythe des débuts de l'industrie minière aux États-Unis : la responsabilité individuelle et l'opposition à l'intervention publique. Le dernier se penche sur les changements de la confiance envers les dirigeants et les institutions en Afrique à la suite d'émeutes ou de manifestationsSocial capital is made from all values that push individuals to cooperate, to act with reciprocity or empathy in the absence of any formal control mechanism. Social capital manifests itself through trust, but also through opinions toward collective rather than individual responsability in economic activity. This thesis contributes to the economic literature interested in the role of norms by giving additional answers to its two fundamental questions. First, what are the consequences of differences in values on economic performance ? Second, where do these values come from ? The first two chapters document the relationship between trust on the one hand, and macroeconomic volatility and financial development on the other hand. It is shown that higher trust reduces macroeconomic volatility and fosters financial development across space and time. The third chapter rationalizes and documents a non-monotonic relationship between norms of cooperation and the generosity of the welfare state. It is shown that large and generous welfare states can be sustained both with high and low levels of trust, provided that a low level of trust is compensated with a large share of uncivic individuals who unduly use the social system. The question of the formation of values is tackled in the two last chapters. The fourth one documents the long-term persistence of values associated with the funding myths of mining activity in the United States : individual self-responsability and opposition to public intervention in the economy. The last chapter focuses on short term changes of trust in leaders and institution among Africans in the aftermath of riots and protests
23
Мішеніна, Наталя Вікторівна, Наталия Викторовна Мишенина, Natalia Viktorivna Mishenina, and N. V. Oliynik. "Social capital and economic development." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12844.
Анотація:
The concept of social capital is generally associated with social and civic participation and with networks of cooperation and solidarity. But other, more abstract, concepts are also associated with social capital, such as social cohesion, trust, reciprocity, and institutional effectiveness.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/12844
24
Johnson, Noel. "Social capital and organisational resilience." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2775/.
Анотація:
Over recent years, natural and man-made crises and disasters have raised an awareness of the need for organisational resilience. Many organisations are now part of complex supply networks, and developing good business relationships can be central to supply network resilience. The aim of the research is to gain a fuller understanding of how organisations can exploit their social capital for building resilience. Although previous research has shown social capital to influence the resilience of place based communities, bringing the constructs together in an organisational or business community context has received little attention. The research has three objectives: 1) Identify ways in which organisations exploit their social capital for resilience; 2) Explore how four emergent ‘enabling conditions’ (time and continuity, interaction, interdependence, and closure and brokerage) help organisations exploit social capital for building resilience; and 3) Develop a reflective framework to help organisations consider how they can exploit their social capital for building resilience. The focus group is a community of construction contractors working in partnership for the UK Highways Agency. Working within the so called Construction Management Framework, a concept very different from traditional ‘aggressive’ frameworks, the research explores how contractors have developed good working relationships, collective behaviours including resource sharing and information exchange underpinned by the community’s espoused values, equal status, and peer pressure. Observed, is the contractor community’s willingness and ability to collaborate in order to improve performance and achieve shared goals. The research identifies many examples of the contractor community maintaining positive adjustment under challenging conditions – resilience.
25
Smith, Matthew Scott. "Social Capital in Online Communities." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2730.
Анотація:
Social capital is the value of the relationships we create and maintain within our social networks to gain access to and mobilize needed resources (e.g., jobs, moral support). Quantifying, and subsequently leveraging, social capital are challenging problems in the social sciences. Most work so far has focused on analyses from static surveys of limited numbers of participants. The explosion of online social media means that it is now possible to collect rich data about people's connections and interactions, in a completely ubiquitous, non-intrusive manner. Such dynamic social data opens the door to the more accurate measuring and tracking of social capital. Similarly, online data is replete with additional personal data, such as topics discussed in blogs or hobbies listed in personal profiles, that is difficult to obtain through standard surveys. Such information can be used to discover similarities, or implicit affinities, among individuals, which in turn leads to finer measures of social capital, including the often useful distinction between bonding and bridging social capital. In this work, we exploit these opportunities and propose a computational framework for quantifying and leveraging social capital in online communities. In addition to being dynamic and formalizing the notion of implicit affinities, our framework significantly extends current social network analysis research by modeling access and mobilization of resources, the essence of social capital. The main contributions of our framework include 1) hybrid networks that provide a way for potential and realized social capital to be distinguished; 2) the decoupling of bonding and bridging social capital, a formulation previously overlooked which coincides with empirical evidence; 3) the unification of multiple views on social capital, in particular, the seamless integration of resources. We demonstrate the broad applicability of our framework through a number of representative, real-world case studies to test relevant social science hypotheses. Assuming that the extraction of implicit affinities may be useful for community building, we built a large social network of blogs from an active, tech-oriented segment of the Blogosphere, using cross-references among blogs. We then used topic modeling techniques to extract an implicit affinity network based on the content of the blogs, and showed that potential sub-communities could be formed through increased bonding. A widespread assumption in sociology is that bonding is more likely than bridging in social networks. In other words, people are more likely to seek out others who are like them than attempt to link to those they share little or nothing with. We wanted to test that hypothesis, particularly in the context of online communities. Using Twitter, we created an experiment where hand-crafted accounts would tweet at regular intervals and use varied following strategies, including following only those with maximum affinity, following only those with no affinity, following random users, etc. Using the number of follow-backs as a surrogate for social capital, we showed that the assumed physical social behavior is also prevalent online, p < 0.01. There is much interest in computational social science to compare physical and cyber behaviors, test existing hypotheses on a large scale and design novel experiments. The advent of social media is also impacting public health, with growing evidence that some global health issues (e.g., H1N1 outbreak) may be discovered and tracked more efficiently by monitoring the content of social exchanges (e.g., blogs, tweets). In collaboration with colleagues from Health Sciences, we wanted to test whether broadly applicable health topics were discussed on Twitter, and to design and guide the process of discovering such themes. We gathered a large number of tweets over several regions of the United States over a one-month period, and analyzed their content using topic modeling techniques. We found that while clearly not a mainstream topic, health concerns were non-negligible on Twitter. By further focusing on tobacco, we discovered several subtopics related to tobacco (e.g., tobacco use promotion, addiction recovery), which indicate that analysis of the Twitter social network may help researchers better understand how Twitter promotes both positive and negative health behaviors. Finally, in collaboration with colleagues from Linguistics, we wanted to quantify the effect of social capital on second language acquisition in study abroad. Using questionnaire data collected from about 200 study abroad participants, we found that students participating in bridging relationships had significantly higher levels of language improvement than their counterparts, F(1,201) = 12.53, p < .0001.
26
Carmichael, Dawn. "Software metrics for social capital in social media." Thesis, Abertay University, 2015. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/940064df-2863-4507-8130-833ca609ca0c.
Анотація:
The aim of this research was creating metrics for measuring social connectedness in social media. This thesis made use of social capital theory in order to inform the construction of original metrics. The methodology used in this thesis involved conducting a literature review into the use of social capital theory in social media, proposing new metrics, implementation in software, validation, evaluation against other measures and finally demonstrating the utility of the new metrics. A preliminary case study verified the suitability of using Facebook as a context for developing the metrics. The main practical work outlined in this thesis aimed to validate Social Capital in Social Media (SCiSM) metrics against the Internet Social Capital Scale (ISCS) (Williams 2006). The SCiSM metrics were developed to relate to bonding social capital, bridging social capital and total social capital (Putnam 2000). The methodology used to validate the SCiSM metrics was Meneely (2012) and involved using two independent data sets to validate the SCiSM metrics using both correlations and linear regression. Statistical analysis found a strong positive correlation between ISCS and SCiSM whilst regression analysis demonstrated that the relationship between SCiSM and ISCS was concerned with ranking rather than an absolute number. SCiSM was evaluated against other social capital metrics used in the literature such as degree centrality. It was found that SCiSM had a higher number of significant correlations with the ISCS than other measures. The SCiSM metrics were then used to analyse the two independent data sets in order to demonstrate their utility. The first data set, taken from a Facebook group, was analysed using a paired t-test. It was found that bonding social capital increased over a twelve week period but that bridging social capital did not. The second data set, which was taken from Facebook status updates, was analysed using correlations. The result was that there was a positive correlation between number of Facebook friends and bonding social capital. However it was also found that there was a negative correlation between number of Facebook friends and bridging social capital. This suggests that there is a dilution effect in the usefulness of large friend networks for bridging social capital. In conclusion the problem that this research has addressed is providing a means to improve understanding of social capital in social media.
27
Johnson, Cathleen A. "Social Capital and Conventions: A Social Networks Perspective." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27230.
Анотація:
We introduce a spatial cost topology in the network formation model analyzed by Jackson and Wolinsky, Journal of Economic Theory 71 (1996), 44--74. This cost topology might represent geographical, social, or individual differences. It describes variable costs of establishing social network connections. Participants form links based on a cost-benefit analysis. We examine the pairwise stable networks within this spatial environment. Incentives vary enough to show a rich pattern of emerging behavior. We also investigate the subgame perfect implementation of pairwise stable and efficient networks. We construct a multistage extensive form game that describes the formation of links in our spatial environment. Finally, we identify the conditions under which the subgame perfect Nash equilibria of these network formation games are stable.
We analyze the dynamic implications of learning in a large population coordination game where both the actions of the players and the communication network evolve over time. Cost considerations of social interaction are incorporated by considering a circular model with endogenous neighborhoods, meaning that the locations of the players are fixed but players can create their own communication network.The dynamic process describing medium-run behavior is shown to converge to an absorbing state, which may be characterized by coexistence of conventions. In the long run, when mistake probabilities are small but nonvanishing, coexistence of conventions is no longer sustainable as the risk-dominant convention becomes the unique stochastically stable state.
We create and investigate a system that is capable of observing the accumulation of social capital and the effect of social capital accumulation on behavior of individually rational players. In the first model, we develop a restricted system to show that social capital forms and is maintained at a steady state level. The resulting network is the chain. The second model uses a congestion function in conjunction with social capital to show a network emerge that contains links that costlier than those in the chain network.Ph. D.
28
Yucel, Deniz. "Number of Siblings, Social Skills, and Social Capital." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322578334.
29
Sibony, Denis. "Capital social, philanthropie et identité : quelles implications pour l'économie sociale ?" Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943009.
Анотація:
Comment expliquer les variations du niveau de don dans des pays comparables ? Dans tous les pays industrialisés, la crise économique des années 1980 a favorisé la recherche d'alternatives à l'État providence en incitant les organismes du Tiers secteur à jouer un rôle accru dans un partenariat pour la définition et la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques. Parmi les organisations du Tiers secteur, les fondations philanthropiques offrent un cadre juridique qui permet aux personnes qui le souhaitent de réaliser des actes de générosité en affectant une partie de leur fortune personnelle, sous forme de don, à des fins d'intérêt général. Le don peut être ainsi considéré comme une expression concrète de la coopération entre les citoyens en vue du bien commun. Tous les pays démocratiques essaient d'en favoriser le développement. Les explications classiques de la variation de niveau du don entre pays développés ne prennent pas en considération le don comme un fait social. Nous soutenons que le niveau du don dans une société ne peut être expliqué par la somme des dons individuels qui répondent chacun à des motivations personnelles mais bien par ce qui constitue son substrat social : l'état de la société dont la cohésion est déterminée à la fois par la présence de capital social et la représentation des identités. A la différence du capital humain qui regroupe les compétences, les qualifications et les connaissances des individus, le capital social peut être compris comme " l'ensemble des relations, des réseaux et des normes qui facilitent l'action collective ". Le capital social fait ainsi référence aux relations que les individus établissent entre eux au sein des réseaux sociaux ainsi qu'aux normes de réciprocité qui naissent de ces relations. L'hypothèse du don comme variable dépendante de l'état de cohésion sociale ouvre la voie à cette recherche doctorale axée d'une part sur le niveau de capital social dans les pays économiquement développés et d'autre part, sur la signification du don comme mode de représentation de l'identité. Elle contribue à définir les contours théoriques du capital social en mettant en évidence les liens étroits qui unit ce concept au don et par là, à la construction des identités. Cette analyse de la relation entre don, capital social et identité a des implications directes pour la recherche dans le champ de la société civile. La société civile est présentée sous deux perspectives différentes. La première, de tradition nord-américaine, associe le Tiers secteur à la condition exclusive du " non profit". La seconde perspective, de tradition européenne, retient l'idée d'une économie sociale hybride composée d'entreprises et organisations qui relèvent à la fois des secteurs marchand et non marchand. Ces entreprises et organisations de l'économie sociale sont des structures entremêlant dans leurs actions une pluralité de logiques économiques. En se fondant sur l'analyse de Polanyi sur l'encastrement de l'économie et ses différentes formes d'intégration, associée à la logique maussienne du don, nous tentons d'éclairer la dimension socioéconomique, voire politique des initiatives de l'économie sociale. L'économie sociale peut ainsi être appréhendée comme une " économie du don ", comprise comme économie plurielle. Par ailleurs, la Nouvelle sociologie économique propose à la fois une analyse réticulaire de l'économie qui se fonde entre autre sur la présence et la densité des liens interpersonnels et une analyse culturelle de l'économie qui relie les marchés aux valeurs. A partir de là, il devient possible d'appréhender l'économie sociale comme une " économie du capital social ", entendu comme facteur organisationnel et générateur de sens.
30
Sibony, Denis. "Capital social, philanthropie et identité : quelles implications pour l’économie sociale ?" Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0887/document.
Анотація:
Comment expliquer les variations du niveau de don dans des pays comparables ? Dans tous les pays industrialisés, la crise économique des années 1980 a favorisé la recherche d'alternatives à l'État providence en incitant les organismes du Tiers secteur à jouer un rôle accru dans un partenariat pour la définition et la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques. Parmi les organisations du Tiers secteur, les fondations philanthropiques offrent un cadre juridique qui permet aux personnes qui le souhaitent de réaliser des actes de générosité en affectant une partie de leur fortune personnelle, sous forme de don, à des fins d'intérêt général. Le don peut être ainsi considéré comme une expression concrète de la coopération entre les citoyens en vue du bien commun. Tous les pays démocratiques essaient d’en favoriser le développement. Les explications classiques de la variation de niveau du don entre pays développés ne prennent pas en considération le don comme un fait social. Nous soutenons que le niveau du don dans une société ne peut être expliqué par la somme des dons individuels qui répondent chacun à des motivations personnelles mais bien par ce qui constitue son substrat social : l’état de la société dont la cohésion est déterminée à la fois par la présence de capital social et la représentation des identités. A la différence du capital humain qui regroupe les compétences, les qualifications et les connaissances des individus, le capital social peut être compris comme « l’ensemble des relations, des réseaux et des normes qui facilitent l’action collective ». Le capital social fait ainsi référence aux relations que les individus établissent entre eux au sein des réseaux sociaux ainsi qu'aux normes de réciprocité qui naissent de ces relations. L’hypothèse du don comme variable dépendante de l’état de cohésion sociale ouvre la voie à cette recherche doctorale axée d’une part sur le niveau de capital social dans les pays économiquement développés et d’autre part, sur la signification du don comme mode de représentation de l’identité. Elle contribue à définir les contours théoriques du capital social en mettant en évidence les liens étroits qui unit ce concept au don et par là, à la construction des identités. Cette analyse de la relation entre don, capital social et identité a des implications directes pour la recherche dans le champ de la société civile. La société civile est présentée sous deux perspectives différentes. La première, de tradition nord-américaine, associe le Tiers secteur à la condition exclusive du « non profit». La seconde perspective, de tradition européenne, retient l’idée d’une économie sociale hybride composée d’entreprises et organisations qui relèvent à la fois des secteurs marchand et non marchand. Ces entreprises et organisations de l’économie sociale sont des structures entremêlant dans leurs actions une pluralité de logiques économiques. En se fondant sur l’analyse de Polanyi sur l’encastrement de l’économie et ses différentes formes d’intégration, associée à la logique maussienne du don, nous tentons d’éclairer la dimension socioéconomique, voire politique des initiatives de l’économie sociale. L’économie sociale peut ainsi être appréhendée comme une « économie du don », comprise comme économie plurielle. Par ailleurs, la Nouvelle sociologie économique propose à la fois une analyse réticulaire de l’économie qui se fonde entre autre sur la présence et la densité des liens interpersonnels et une analyse culturelle de l’économie qui relie les marchés aux valeurs. A partir de là, il devient possible d’appréhender l’économie sociale comme une « économie du capital social », entendu comme facteur organisationnel et générateur de sensHow to explain variations in the level of donation in comparable countries? In all industrialized countries, the economic crisis of the 1980s encouraged the search for alternatives to the welfare state by encouraging third sector organizations to play a greater role in a partnership for the definition and implementation of public policies.Among Third sector organizations, philanthropic foundations provide a legal framework that allows people who wish to carry out acts of generosity by allocating a part of their personal wealth in the form of gift, for the purpose of general interest. Giving can be considered as a concrete expression of the cooperation between citizens for the common good.All democratic countries try to promote giving. The conventional explanations of the variation in level of gift among developed countries do not consider the gift as a social fact. We argue that the level of giving can't be explained by the sum of individual gifts that each respond to personal motives but by the state of the society whose cohesion is determined to both by the presence of social capital and the representation of identities.Social capital can be understood as " relationships, networks and norms that facilitate collective action." Social capital refers to relations that individuals establish them in social networks and the norms of reciprocity that arise from these relationships.This thesis is focused, first, on the level of social capital in economically developed countries and secondly on the meaning of the gift as a mode of representation of identity. It helps define social capital theory by highlighting the close relationship that unites the concept of the gift and hence the construction of identities.This analysis of the relationship between gift, identity ans social capital has direct implications for research in the field of civil society. Civil society is presented from two different perspectives. The first perspective, in a North American tradition, determines the Third sector to the sole condition of "non profit" sector. The second perspective, in an European tradition, consider social economy with organizations or enterprises within both profit and non-profit sector. These organizations and entreprises mix in their actions a plurality of economic logics.Based on the analysis of Polanyi on the embedding of the economy and its various forms of integration, associated with the Maussian logic of the gift, we try to shed light on the socio-economic dimension, or political dimension, of social economy. Social economy can be seen as a "gift economy", understood as a plural economy.Finally, the New Economic Sociology offers both an analysis of the reticular economy based on the presence and density of interpersonal ties and a cultural analysis of the economy that connects markets to values. It is possible to understand the social economy as a “social capital economy". Social capital is understood as an organizational factor and a meaning
31
Andersson, Anton. "Inequality in the Distribution of Social Capital : Social background factors and access to social capital among labor market entrants." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-89648.
Анотація:
This thesis examines the relation between ascribed factors and the distribution of social capital among young adults. Information about the type of ties used in access to social capital is utilized to provide an understanding of the social contexts and mechanisms that play a role in the creation of social capital. The study measures social capital with a position generator methodology and utilizes the first wave of the Swedish LIFINCON survey, which is a study of 19 year olds of Iranian, Yugoslavian and Swedish origin. The results show that having socioeconomically advantaged parents and living in a large city region is associated with higher levels of social capital. Gender differences are found in the accessed range of social capital as women more often reached positions with the lowest prestige value. Background in Iran or Yugoslavia has a positive effect on social capital and parents’ class position in the country of origin is important for their children’ social capital. It is argued that social closure and social distance can explain why social background is important in determining access to high prestige social capital and that the composition of an individual network is affected by the average resources in a “group” or region.
32
Tegegne, Mesay Andualem. "Social capital and immigrant integration: the role of social capital in labor market and health outcomes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6304.
Анотація:
This dissertation presents three empirical studies on the distribution and role of social capital among immigrants in the United States. Using data from two national datasets – the New Immigrant Survey (NIS 2003, 2007) and the Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey (SCCBS 2000) – it examines the implications of social capital for immigrants’ social and economic integration. In doing so, it addresses several key limitations within migration research.
The first limitation it addresses is the focus of prior research on migrants’ co-ethnic (bonding) social capital and the limited research on immigrants’ “bridging” social capital and distributional inequities across immigrant groups. Second, while most research has focused on role of social capital in economic integration, relatively little is known about the short-run and long-term implications of immigrants’ social capital for their health and well-being. Third, prior research has generally focused on specific immigrant groups, particularly Hispanic and Asian immigrants, and it is unclear if prior findings are generalizable to immigrants overall or if they are simply capturing group and/or context-specific effects of social capital. This dissertation includes three studies that provide pieces of evidence that address these limitations and contribute to the migration literature.
In the first study, I explore the link between race, immigration status and social network diversity. Using data on personal network characteristics from the SCCBS (2000), I examine the role of race and immigration status in the distribution of ethnicity and status-bridging social capital. Findings confirm the double disadvantage of minority and outsider status for minority immigrants when it comes to access to network diversity, which is to say group (i.e. race) differences in native-immigrant gaps in access to ethnicity-bridging social capital. The findings also show that this double disadvantage is explained away by group differences in network ethnic diversity, and that race and immigrant status are a factor in determining the return from network ethnic diversity in terms of network quality, which is reflective of the extant socioeconomic stratification system in the United States.
In the second study, I use a nationally representative data of immigrants from the NIS (2003), to examine the link between reliance of new immigrants on “bonding” social capital for job search and two indicators of labor market performance: earnings and occupational prestige. I find that while using a “relative” to find a job generally has a negative effect on both earnings and occupational prestige, this effect is not shared across all immigrants, which explains inconsistent findings in prior studies of the role of co-ethnic social capital in the labor market outcomes of Hispanic and Asian immigrants.
In the third study, I turn my attention to the immigrant health literature, which has largely focused on the acculturation-health relationship and largely ignored the significance of network processes, particularly the interethnic integration of new immigrants, for the short-term and long-term health outcomes of immigrants. I use longitudinal data from the NIS (2003, 2007), which includes various measures of health status and behaviors, and examine the contemporaneous and longitudinal associations between interethnic social capital and health. I find positive cross-sectional associations with negative health behaviors (smoking, drinking and dietary change), on the one hand, and positive long-term (lagged) effects on health status (self-rated health and the incidence of chronic diseases), on the other. These results find evidence for the time-dependent health implications of interethnic network integration for the health status of immigrants in the United States.
33
Schwarz, Susan. "The role of human capital, social capital, and psychological capital in micro-entrepreneurship in China." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40361/.
Анотація:
A key question in entrepreneurship research is how certain individuals in different contexts are able to generate superior venture performance. Micro-entrepreneurs in emerging and transition economies lack access to various forms of capital to launch and grow new ventures, as they operate in settings characterised by resource scarcity and underdeveloped market institutions. To meet the need for tangible financial resources, lenders provide small loans to stimulate business development. Yet financial capital alone does not ensure successful business outcomes, raising questions as to how micro-entrepreneurs deploy intangible resources to drive growth. Based on in-person survey interviews conducted with 164 entrepreneurs receiving loans at community banks in Zhejiang Province, China, as well as qualitative field data, this study examines the impact of human capital, social capital, and psychological capital on the growth of micro-enterprises in China, with a focus on the moderating role of psychological capital. By integrating psychological capital with human capital and social network approaches, this study fills a research gap at the intersections of these three perspectives. The contributions of this study include establishing boundary conditions for these theories to explain how entrepreneurs overcome resource scarcity to grow ventures within a relational society undergoing a transition to a market economy.
34
Seo, Jiwon. "Overcoming Economic Hardship: The Effects of Human Capital and Social Capital." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1111646600.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 175 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-175). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
35
De, Clerq Dirk. "The role of knowledge and social capital in venture capital investing." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2002. http://d-nb.info/988798018/04.
36
Temporin, Simone. "University social responsibility and academic social capital in Tunisia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33893/.
Анотація:
Revolutionary movements emerged from the “Arab spring” have determined undergoing socio-political changes in the region with significant implications and impacts on democratic transition and future sustainability. In this framework, the study explores Tunisian public universities’ social dimension and democratic implications of institutional partnerships in cooperation with local communities. In particular, it examines institutional, academic and students’ social responsibility as central elements of universities’ missions and students’ education. Existing complex dynamics linking social responsibility, social capital and democracy are considered within university contexts, taking also into consideration the role of Islam and Islamic values. In fact, university and students’ social responsibility have the potential to contribute to the redefinition of a post-revolution public sphere inspired by democratic participation and society-wide shared norms. Change in government policies affecting freedom of expression, restricted associational rights and political participation might result in institutional autonomy, allowing universities to fulfil their role in society while responding to economic and socio-cultural challenges. The study involved a sample of academic professors and students from Humanities and Engineering faculties from one public university. Research fieldwork was conducted combining qualitative and quantitative data collection. Questionnaires were employed to gather information from undergraduate students to explore university social responsibility, social capital creation, students’ identity formation, Islam and democracy. Interviews were used both to obtain insights from students and professors to consider their perceptions and self-awareness of social responsibility, while deepening contextual knowledge. Furthermore, official government documents and government policies in relation to higher education reforms were also consulted. In particular, the research points out the development of a structured under-utilisation of social capital for social responsibility. Government political control and socio-cultural censorship, as well as HE policies and legal frameworks have limited universities’ autonomy and their social dimension, restricting opportunities for students’ political and civic engagement in society. These aspects have also affected the provision of education for democracy and civic engagement courses; extra-curricular volunteering programs; as well as, support for community partnerships. Furthermore, Islamic associations’ social, political and cultural role has been under governmental control resulting in fragmented, marginal and often antagonist contributions to democracy and social responsibility. As such, in Tunisia, since the independence, the regime have hindered the development of a shared culture based on civically and politically active citizenship for the stabilisation and reproduction of democratic attitudes, behaviours and habits. Research findings present reflections and implications in relation to universities’ third mission in Tunisia to advance institutional and students’ autonomy to fulfil their wider civic role in society. Furthermore, suggestions for future research in the field have been made as a way to advance knowledge and provide information to support future policies and reforms.
37
Chiu, Wei-Yi. "The analysis of social capital in online social communities." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46995/1/Wei-Yi_Chiu_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
Social networks have proven to be an attractive avenue of investigation for researchers since humans are social creatures. Numerous literature have explored the term “social networks” from different perspectives and in diverse research fields. With the popularity of the Internet, social networking has taken on a new dimension. Online social communities therefore have become an emerging social avenue for people to communicate in today’s information age. People use online social communities to share their interests, maintain friendships, and extend their so-called circle of “friends”. Likewise, social capital, also known as human capital, is an important theory in sociology. Researchers usually utilise social capital theory when they investigate the topic relating to social networks. However, there is little literature that can provide an explicit and strong assertion in that research area due to the complexity of social capital.
This thesis therefore focuses on the issue related to providing a better understanding about the relationship between social capital and online social communities. To enhance the value within the scope of this analysis, an online survey was conducted to examine the effects of the dimensions of social capital: relational capital, structural capital, and cognitive capital, determining the intensity of using online social communities. The data were derived from a total of 350 self-selected respondents completing an online survey during the research period. The main results indicate that social capital exists in online social communities under normal circumstances.
Finally, this thesis also presents three contributions for both theory and practice in Chapter 5. The main results contribute to the understanding of connectivity in the interrelationships between individual social capital exchange within online social networks. Secondly, social trust was found to have a weak effect in influencing the intensity of individuals using online social communities. Third, the perpetual role of information sharing has an indirect influence on individual users participating in online social communities. This study also benefits online marketing consultants as marketers can not only gain consumer information easier from online social communities but also this understanding assists in designing effective communication within online social communities. The cross-sectional study, the reliability of Internet survey data, and sampling issues are the major three limitations in this research. The thesis provides a new research model and recommends that the mediating effects, privacy paradox, and social trust on online social communities should be further explored in future research.
38
Vanin, Paolo. "Industrial organization, trade and social capital." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7355.
Анотація:
Esta tesis aplica herramientas de teoría de juegos a la investigación de los efectos dinámicos de distintas formas de externalidades, debidas a interacción localizada. Se compone de tres capítulos. El primero, "Competencia y reputación", estudia la interacción entre oligopolistas en mercados con información asimétrica. El segundo, "Política comercial y estructura industrial", se enfoca en la interacción entre empresas en competencia monopolística, expuestas a la competencia internacional, y en sus externalidades de aprendizaje. El tercero, "Crecimiento económico y desarrollo social", investiga los procesos de acumulación de capital privado y de capital social, que emergen de las decisiones individuales, en un contexto marcado por externalidades de interacción social.This thesis applies game theoretic tools to the investigation of the dynamic effects of several forms of local interaction externalities. It consists of three chapters. The first, "Competition and Reputation", is devoted to study repeated interaction among oligopolits in markets with asymmetric information. The second, "Trade Policy and Industrial Structure", focuses on interaction among monopolistic competitors facing foreign competition, and on their learning externalities. The third, "Economic Growth and Social Development", investigates the patterns of private and social capital accumulation, arising from individual choices in an environment with social interaction externalities.
39
Sánchez, Rus Heliodoro. "El capital social: presente y futuro." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51581.
Анотація:
El presente trabajo analiza los diversos aspectos de la disciplina del capital desde la perspectiva del Derecho comunitario europeo y el Derecho español. El régimen del capital social incorporado en la Directiva 77/91/CEE desempeñó un papel relevante en la armonización del derecho de sociedades europeo en el último cuarto del siglo pasado. No obstante, a día de hoy es un concepto cuestionado y hay voces que reclaman su supresión. Debe tenerse en cuenta, sin embargo, que el capital no es un concepto unitario sino que engloba diversas figuras que han ido surgiendo en momentos históricos diferentes y que responden a distintas finalidades. Por otra parte, la configuración del capital no es exactamente idéntica en las sociedades anónimas y en las sociedades de responsabilidad limitada. El presente trabajo propugna una línea evolutiva que permita la adaptación de las viejas disposiciones legales al nuevo entorno en el que deben operar las sociedades de capital.This work analyses the different features of the discipline of the legal capital from the view of the European Community Law and the Spanish Law. The regime of the registered capital incorporated in the Directive 77/91/CEE played a significant part in harmonizing the European Companies Law during this last quarter of the last century. However, on today’s date it is a concept subject to question and there are people claiming its suppression. It must be borne in mind, however, that the capital is not an unitary concept but that it encompasses different characters which have been appearing in different moments of the history and which respond to different aims. On the other hand, the configuration of the legal capital is not exactly identical in the public companies (or open corporations) as in the private companies (or closed corporations). This work suggests an evolutionary line allowing bringing in line the old legal provisions to the new environment in which the companies have to operate.
40
Stelfox, Kevin. "Young people, social capital and schools." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230768.
Анотація:
This research focuses on social relationships within a school context and explores how social relationships within that context contribute to the production and reproduction of inequalities. The research draws on Bourdieu's work and examines the key role of schools in reproducing social and cultural inequalities (Bourdieu 1998). The research explores the process of producing and reproducing inequalities from the perspective of the young people. The study uses the lens of social capital to investigate how social relationships in the form of social capital practices operate within the classroom and the wider school context. While acknowledging structural and cultural dimensions highlighted by Bowles and Gintis (1977) and Willis (1981), I seek to explore how the social relationships between young people in a school context contribute to well documented educational inequalities. I argue that Bourdieu's theoretical framework offers the opportunity to explore relationships by placing social capital in relation to other capitals (economic and cultural) and to locate practices of everyday life, thus linking micro-social and macro-social structural factors. The starting position of this research focuses on the micro, i.e., the individual pupils as active agents in relation to social capital within the school context, before locating it within a wider macro context. The research uses a sequential mixed method design collecting data on the participant's social networks and exploring social practices with semi structured interviews. The research highlights how education and schooling produce and reproduce inequalities in and through the two case study sites.
41
Piché, Eric F. "Religion and social capital in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0004/MQ42678.pdf.
42
Krajden, Oren. "Building social capital after Hurricane Katrina." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95039.
Анотація:
Disaster response is a vital field in social work practice. Social workers commonly treat posttraumatic stress, assist in planning, logistics, and the protection of vulnerable populations. In 'complex disasters', where official sources of assistance have limited reach, social workers are called upon to adopt an increased coordination and networking role within the community. The case of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 is frequently studied because its protracted recovery illuminated the importance of community networks. However, although the social work literature analyzes efforts towards community development by local residents, there is a gap in the study of the efforts undertaken by social workers themselves. This study investigates the action of social workers in improving social networks during Hurricane Katrina. A case study of the hurricane was conducted using archives from the year 2005 to 2010. Reports of social worker activity in the aftermath of the disaster were analyzed using social capital theory for evidence of attempts to build social networks via bonding (homophilous), bridging (heterophilous) and linking (institutional) exchanges. Social workers were found to have facilitated bonding social capital between themselves and their clients, their own families, and within the social work profession. Bridging social capital was at times increased between geographic, cultural and racial communities, but social workers were not immune to prejudices which could impede this process. Linking social capital was very difficult to provide, as access to institutional sources of assistance could be sporadic and inconsistent. Nevertheless, there was evidence that linking capital was built between vulnerable populations and helping agencies, clinics, the military, as well as faith-based and other community organizations. The presence of the practitioner-client relationship presented distinct opportunities and obstacles and differentiated the social capital exchanges inL'intervention en cas de catastrophe est un domaine essentiel du travail social. Les travailleurs sociaux traitent souvent le stress post-traumatique, aident à la planification, à la logistique et à la protection des populations vulnérables. Dans des cas de « désastre complexe », où les sources officielles d'aide n'ont qu'une porteé limiteé, les travailleurs sociaux sont toutefois appelés à jouer davantage un rôle de coordination et de création de réseaux au sein de la communauté. Le cas de l'ouragan Katrina en 2005 est très étudié puisque le rétablissement retardé suite à la catastrophe permet de souligner l'importance des réseaux communautaires. Il existe de la documentation sur le travail social qui analyse les efforts de développement communautaire des résidents locaux, mais très peu sur les efforts des travailleurs sociaux. Cette étude examine les actions entreprises par les travailleurs sociaux pour améliorer les réseaux sociaux après l'ouragan Katrina. Une étude de cas sur l'ouragan a été réalisée à l'aide de documents d'archives datant de 2005 à 2010. Des rapports sur l'activité des travailleurs sociaux après la catastrophe ont été analysés selon la théorie du capital social afin de trouver des cas de création de liens sociaux d'attachement (homophilous), d'accointement (hétérophilous) ou instrumental (institutionnels). On constate que les travailleurs sociaux ont facilité la création de capital social d'attachement avec leurs clients, avec leurs propres familles et au sein de la profession du travail social. Il y a également eu, à certains moments, une hausse de capital social d'accointances entre les différentes communautés géographiques, raciales et culturelles mais les travailleurs sociaux ne sont pas eux-mêmes à l'abri de préjugés, ce qui a entravé le processus. Le capital social instrumental était difficile à créer puisque l'accè
43
Letki, Natalia. "Social capital in East-Central Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419054.
44
Fu, Qianhong. "Trust, Social Capital and Organizational Effectiveness." Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9926.
Анотація:
Many authors have argued that social capital is positively related to economic prosperity, regional development, collective action, and democratic governance. But it alone can not explain all of these phenomena in societies. The concept of trust can not be neglected in the social capital literature. Considerable confusion exists concerning the relationship between social capital and trust, namely whether trust is a precondition of social capital or a product of it. This paper begins to explore their relationships by tracing the origins and development of the concept of social capital. It then discusses the relationship between social capital and trust by comparing their origins or sources. Finally, these two ideas are placed in organizational context to develop an analytical distinction between trust and social capital while clarifying and exploring the implications of these two primary perspectives on organizational effectiveness. The paper concludes that trust and social capital are mutually reinforcing -- social capital generates trusting relationships that in turn produce social capital.Master of Public and International Affairs
45
Naughton, Linda. "Geographical narratives of exercised social capital." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2013. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2043/.
Анотація:
Social capital, as conceptualised to date, has looked at the composition of social networks and the socio-economic outcomes they produce, with very little reference to context, space, place, agency, or power. This thesis contributes to our understanding of social capital by looking systemically at the socio-spatial context in which networks emerge, and how social capital is exercised through mediating relationships with the objective of understanding how these processes are enabled or constrained in practice. Jane Jacobs approach to observing real-world, city processes from the ground up is applied to a case-study of creative practitioners working in the Stoke-on-Trent area from 2007-2011. Research methods were designed to elicit narratives from participants using a mapping exercise as a way to enact the everyday practices of the participants. These enactments were filmed as participants performed/narrated the story of their network. The narratives collected show that when social capital is conceptualised as an effect of dynamic social networks, rather than a static fund of potential resources, the processes by which individuals and groups win, lose or maintain advantage are uncovered. Exercised social capital has its own spatialities and modalities which place us nearer to, or further away from our goals. This thesis contributes both a novel framework and methods for analysing the exercise of social capital in a real world context which furthers our understanding of the co-constitution of space and society.
46
Bolton, Debra J. "Social capital in rural southwest Kansas." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/10725.
Анотація:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Family Studies and Human Services
William H. Meredith Jr
Walter R. Schumm
This study addresses a social capital literature that has mostly targeted a White majority population in the United States. Hispanic audiences, especially new immigrant populations, have not been primary survey respondents in most studies. Information about the social connectedness of minorities has come from secondary sources. The goal of this study was to understand to what extent Hispanic, compared to Anglo, families in rural Kansas experienced different levels of social capital in terms of social connectedness and community involvement. This study was done in English and Spanish in order to reach the under-represented population. According to political scientist, Robert Putnam (2000), it is through experiences of face-to-face interaction with those from different backgrounds that people learn to trust each other. Connections create networks that allow social trust to spread throughout society. At the individual level, there has been strong, consistent evidence that social connectedness has positive consequences. Individuals have the capacity and the choice to build their social connectedness and community engagement. Then those assets can be shared with the collective; be it family, organization, community, state, or country. When individuals have access to networks of supportive and accepting associates, it can generate an array of personal and societal benefits that include preventing or overcoming illness, preventing crime, mitigating poverty, addressing racial inequalities, supporting child development, improving health, and addressing other social ills. When one builds a stock of personal relationships and other social connections from which he or she can call upon in times of need, it is called social capital. This study, in part, assessed social connectedness and community engagement of people in Southwest County, a rural location in Southwest Kansas which has a 30% Hispanic population. Surveys were sent to selected households in English and Spanish, and two small focus groups were conducted in the two languages. Statistical analyses indicated support for the hypotheses when the independent variables gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, and community longevity were analyzed with dependent variables made up of scaled items to measure social connectedness and community engagement. Race/ethnicity, education, and income appeared to be the strongest predictors of social connectedness and community engagement. Implications of the results are discussed.
47
Allison, Marion. "Young people, enterprise and social capital." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/27885.
Анотація:
In Scotland, current policy aims to produce work ready young people with relevant enterprise and employment skills. However, many are caught in a repetitive cycle of short term work placements with large numbers of young people still not at work or in education. Accordingly, this study was concerned with social capital in respect of young people’s outcomes from engaging with a youth work project, that was designed to encourage enterprise and employability skills. Using qualitative data drawn from a single site case study, this research develops an understanding of the extent to which different forms of social capital influenced young people’s outcomes. The thesis sets out a theoretical position that draws from Archer’s understanding of critical realism and social capital theory based on the works of Putnam, Coleman and Bourdieu. This approach suggests that the complex interactions between social structures, identities, material resources and cultural forms, enable or inhibit the emergence of social capital practices. An action research approach was applied and empirical work was based on observations and reflections of young people participating in an enterprise challenge. Data were collected via questionnaires, professional discussions and the observations and analysis of relevant documents. Overall findings illustrate the emergence of bonding, bridging and linking social capital in addition to identity, economic and cultural capital developments. However, changes within social structure were the hardest to detect. Whilst there are indicators of young people’s improved outcomes, findings suggest that conditioned socio-cultural stereotypes in respect of gender and class may be limiting opportunities. Shared reflexive practices and linking social capital may however provide opportunities to disrupt, and create new pathways, but should be treated with caution. Youth workers can develop and extend the reach of young people’s social capital practices and the thesis concludes by presenting a set of general recommendations that might serve to facilitate change.
48
Денисенко, Павло Анатолійович, Павел Анатольевич Денисенко, and Pavlo Anatoliiovych Denysenko. "Some economic aspects of social capital." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091.
Анотація:
Nowadays innovation-oriented development of particular socio-economic system is no longer considered as a result of some individual breakthrough, it was substituted by systematic work of specially created professional networks of different kind and size. Formal and informal interrelations among talented workers, knowledge management, creative environment, social capital, organizational culture becomes the new frontier of competitive advantage.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091
49
Ouderkirk, Simon A. "Social capital and the third choice." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
50
Milstein, Theresa V. "Community supported agriculture| Cultivating social capital." Thesis, Western Illinois University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1550530.
Анотація:
U.S. citizens disengaged from politics and from each other in the latter half of the 20th century, which is evidence of decreased social capital and a weakening democracy. At the same time, small farms were lost at an alarming rate resulting in fewer farms and the rise of "Big Ag". Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) reconnects people to the food they eat and cultivates a community among the farmers and member-shareholders. CSA democratizes food for growers who are beholden to their members rather than to agribusiness, and for members who elect to support a CSA rather than purchase supermarket foods of unknown origin. This study used a survey of 132 CSA operators from across the United States to test whether operators who described "community" as a motivating factor to run a CSA and measured their success in terms of community took concrete actions to build social capital within their CSA and community. The findings revealed that "community" as a motivation and as a measure of success was significantly correlated with social capital building activities. More specifically, CSA operators who rated "Generating a sense of community" as an important motivation and "Community development/quality of life" as an important measure of success were more likely to survey their members as to their wants and needs, host open house events at the farm, participate in community events, and report that the CSA improved social capital in their communities. CSA could be one method to improve depleted social capital and cultivate food democracy.