Статті в журналах: "Social brokers"

1

Haridison, Anyualatha. "Digital democracy and brokerage dynamics in regional head elections in Indonesia." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 35, no. 4 (October 6, 2022): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v35i42022.433-449.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The progress of the digitalization era in democracy has led to changes in the current political contestation, especially the way candidates approach voters. This study explores broker schemes in the digital world regarding how candidates use social media to build a broker network. This study used qualitative research, by observing social media and interviewing several key informants. This study finds that in the era of digital democracy, candidates use social media to develop digital brokers, but as a pre-elaboration and intensively introduce the candidate's real work to voters. Some candidates believe that conventional brokers are still final in knowing and binding broker loyalty, but winning candidates experiment with digital brokers. On the other hand, digital democracy has provided space for candidates to focus on brokers on social media to code the brokers who will be targeted or nominated to become structured conventional brokers. This study expands the study of brokers in electoral political studies, especially insights related to digital brokerage schemes and adds focus to the study of regional elections in Indonesia. This study concludes that digital brokers are a strategy for expanding digital voter networks and persuading candidates' work to voters on social media in the long term.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

2

Kam, Jennifer A., Lisa M. Guntzviller, and Rachyl Pines. "Language Brokering, Prosocial Capacities, and Intercultural Communication Apprehension Among Latina Mothers and Their Adolescent Children." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 48, no. 2 (November 24, 2016): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116680480.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Past research on language brokering has primarily focused on the positive and negative outcomes that children of immigrant families experience from brokering. Little is known, however, regarding the positive experiences that language brokees—the immigrant family members for whom children broker—garner from participating in this interaction. Utilizing survey data from 120 Latina/o mother–adolescent dyads, we examined whether more frequent participation in brokering was positively related to mothers’ (i.e., brokees) and adolescents’ (i.e., brokers) prosocial capacities. In turn, we considered whether their prosocial capacities were related to feeling less apprehensive interacting with people outside their cultural group (i.e., intercultural communication apprehension). Multigroup path analyses revealed that mothers’ and adolescents’ frequent participation in brokering was positively related to general perspective-taking and empathic concern; however, only empathic concern was negatively related to intercultural communication apprehension. Our findings reveal that brokers and brokees may experience benefits with positive implications for their intercultural interactions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

3

Morel, Richard Paquin, and Cynthia Coburn. "Access, Activation, and Influence: How Brokers Mediate Social Capital Among Professional Development Providers." American Educational Research Journal 56, no. 2 (August 15, 2018): 247–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831218788528.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Professional development [PD] providers can shape how teachers understand and implement new policies. Yet we have a limited understanding of how providers develop the ideas they promote. We explore this by examining social capital among mathematics PD providers. Using social network and interview data, we identified providers in brokerage positions and analyze their interactions. We found that broker behavior varied by organizational setting. Brokers in school districts typically discussed logistical issues related to PD delivery, while brokers outside of districts often discussed substantive mathematical topics. When district brokers did access substantive information, they rarely shared it. We conclude that (1) the disconnect between accessing and sharing diminished district brokers’ ability to support PD in their districts and (2) the lack of substance diminished their ability to influence ideas about mathematics.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

4

Lee, Louise. "Understanding the role of the broker in business non-profit collaboration." Social Responsibility Journal 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-05-2013-0050.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the contribution of brokers to business non-profit collaborations, in the context of employee volunteering. It investigates the roles brokers play and ways they contribute to value creation within social alliances. Design/methodology/approach – This research focusses on a case study of a UK employee volunteering broker programme run by a local volunteer centre. A combined qualitative methodology involved document analysis and interviews, with brokers and business, community and government partners involved in employee volunteering collaborations. Findings – Brokers play three key roles in business non-profit collaboration as connectors, facilitators/co-designers and learning catalysts. These roles help stimulate manifestations of associational value, transferred resource value, interaction value and synergistic value. Research limitations/implications – Results indicate brokers play an important part in nurturing conditions underpinning innovation and value co-creation, key characteristics of transformational forms of business non-profit collaboration. This study was based on a single case study. Future research could explore broker contributions within a variety of business non-profit settings. Practical implications – For managers implementing business non-profit collaborations, this paper provides a framework depicting key broker roles and ways brokers enable collaborative value that may be useful when assessing whether to use the services of a broker. Originality/value – This paper enriches the understanding of business non-profit collaboration and the role of individual actors in affecting value creation, an under-researched area in the social alliance literature. It provides a framework for assessing broker contributions in business non-profit collaborations.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

5

Williams, Nathalie E., Christina Hughes, Prem Bhandari, Arland Thornton, Linda Young-DeMarco, Cathy Sun, and Jeffrey Swindle. "When Does Social Capital Matter for Migration? A Study of Networks, Brokers, and Migrants in Nepal." International Migration Review 54, no. 4 (June 8, 2020): 964–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918319882634.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The study of social capital has been one of the strongest areas of recent advance in migration research, but there are still many questions about how it works and why it has varying effects in studies of different places. In this article, we address the contextual variation in social capital’s effects on migration by considering migration brokers. We argue that destinations for which migration is logistically difficult to arrange give rise to brokerage industries and hypothesize that brokers, in turn, substitute for the informational capital typically provided by social networks. Our empirical tests in Nepal support this narrative, showing that social networks matter for migration to destinations where brokers are not available and have little discernible effect on migration to brokered destinations. Our results suggest that migration research should consider the growing role of brokerage agencies, that theorizations of social capital more broadly must contend with how it is delimited by brokers, and that social scientists might also consider other consequences that can arise from these migration brokers that are increasingly common in many countries and provide a marketized replacement for social capital in some cases.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

6

Syahribulan, Syahribulan, Sitti Fatima Tolla, and Muh Rizal. "Fenomena Calo Liar." Equilibrium: Jurnal Pendidikan 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/equilibrium.v6i1.1798.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Wild brokers or commonly known as car agents are jobs that offer services to passengers to be transported to a car that aims at the passenger area. The purpose of this study was (i) to know the motivating factors for someone working as a wild broker, especially brokers in the power terminal of the city of Makassar. (ii) This study also aims to determine the impact that is generated by the presence of brokers at the Makassar City Power Terminal. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Target in the research of all brokers inside and outside the terminal, passengers, terminal officers and car drivers. The sample chosen was 4 brokers, 4 terminal officers, 3 passengers and 4 car drivers. Sampling in this study was taken by using interview techniques. The results of the study showed that the difficulties in getting a job, urbanization factors, and economic factors became the basis for someone working as a broker. with the presence of brokers at the Makassar city power terminal it turned out to provide a loss to the passengers, car drivers and terminal officers.Keywords: Brokers, Terminals, Social Deviations.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

7

Sergeeva, Natalya, and Naomi Liu. "Social construction of innovation and the role of innovation brokers in the construction sector." Construction Innovation 20, no. 2 (November 23, 2019): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-02-2019-0016.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to re-visit social construction of technology (SCOT) framework in understanding of innovation in the construction sector and unpack the role of innovation brokers in this context. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper adopting SCOT framework to understand innovation in the context of the construction sector. The role of innovation brokers is unpacked in the paper, currently under-explored in the construction innovation studies. Findings The authors suggest SCOT framework as a useful overarching frame through which to understand construction innovation. The authors argue that innovation brokers should be positioned to oversee the interface of multiple social groups. Research limitations/implications Further empirical research is proposed to test the theoretical assumptions outlined in the paper. The research agenda is to conduct further empirical research adopting a socio-technical theoretical lens and appropriate qualitative or mixed-design methodologies. There are other socio-technical theoretical frameworks that could be used to explore socio-technical interactions in different ways, e.g. socio-technical systems theory, sociomateriality, actor-network theory, etc. Practical implications Three propositions are developed regarding the position of an innovation broker from the perspectives of multi-social-groups interfaces, shifting significance of the roles of innovation broker and the collaboration with government. Originality/value The authors outline the value of SCOT framework for innovation study within project-based construction sector. The authors contribute to better understanding of the role of innovation brokers in the system of construction innovation.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

8

Turner, Rachel A., Johanna Forster, Angelie M. Peterson, Robin Mahon, and Clare Fitzsimmons. "Information brokerage in Caribbean coral reef governance networks." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 4 (October 6, 2020): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892920000351.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

SummaryPoor connectivity between diverse resource users and complex wider governance networks is a challenge in environmental governance. Organizations that ‘broker’ interactions among these relationships are expected to improve governance outcomes. Here, we used semi-structured interviews and social network analysis to identify actors in positions to broker coral reef-related information to and from resource users and to assess the performance of these brokers. Representatives (n = 262) of actor groups were interviewed, including local and national government, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), community organizations and resource user groups from 12 communities across four Caribbean countries, to map information-sharing networks and to identify brokers. Broker performance was assessed through separate interviews with coral reef resource users (n = 545). The findings show that marine NGOs were the highest-functioning brokers. Where such local-level organizations were absent, government agencies in reef management roles acted as brokers, but their performance was lower. Actors in brokerage positions did not always effectively share information, with broker performance being positively correlated with network brokerage scores. The results further our understanding of the roles of brokers in different governance contexts. Identifying those in brokerage positions and supporting their roles in connecting local resource users to wider governance networks could encourage functional brokerage and enhance reef management outcomes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

9

Canfield, Matthew. "Banana Brokers." Public Culture 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-7181844.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

10

Hristova, Desislava, Pietro Panzarasa, and Cecilia Mascolo. "Multilayer Brokerage in Geo-Social Networks." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 9, no. 1 (August 3, 2021): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v9i1.14629.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Open network structures and brokerage positions have long been seen as playing a crucial role in sustaining social capital and competitive advantage. The degree to which individuals intermediate between otherwise disconnected others can differ across online and offline social networks. For example, users may broker online between two others who then exchange offline the information received through social media. Yet network studies of social capital have often neglected the interplay between online and offline interactions, and have concentrated primarily on a single layer. Here, we propose a geo-social multilayer approach to brokerage that casts light on the integrated online and offline foundations of social capital. Drawing on a data set of 37,722 Foursquare users in London, we extend the notion of brokerage by examining users’ positions in an online social network and their offline mobility patterns through checkins. We find that social and geographic brokerage positions are distinct and asymmetric across the social and co-location networks. On the one hand, users may appear to be brokers online when in fact their ability to intermediate would be mitigated if their offline positions were also taken into account. On the other, users who appear to have little brokerage power offline may be active brokers within networks that combine both online and offline interactions.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

11

Zaman, Shahaduz, and Sjaak van der Geest. "Brokers on the Ward." Asian Journal of Social Science 48, no. 1-2 (May 8, 2020): 92–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04801006.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract This paper is based on an ethnographic study conducted in a public hospital in Bangladesh. The study shows how the social dynamics necessary to deal with the structural realities of the hospital give this cosmopolitan institution a local character. In this paper, we describe this local character by focusing on the lower-level hospital staff, such as ward boys, cleaners, and gatemen. Social inequality and exclusion are rampant in Bangladeshi public hospitals. Doctors and nurses are unwilling to communicate with patients and their relatives, while the latter are unable to approach the former for specific help or information. Our research, shows how low-level support workers fill the void between the two “factions” and act as brokers transporting information and activities between these factions. By doing so they do not only make a crucial contribution to the functioning of the ward, but also gain considerable influence in spite of their low position.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

12

Rajah, Ananda. "Southeast Asia: Comparatist Errors and the Construction of a Region." Asian Journal of Social Science 27, no. 1 (1999): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/030382499x00183.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractThis paper questions the utility of traditional depictions of Southeast Asia as a region in terms of cultural criteria. These depictions, are essentialized characterizations and to the extent that they are directed at identifying Southeast Asia as a region, they reflect comparatist errors. It is argued that the central issue is not how Southeast Asia can or cannot be depicted as a region but, rather, conceptualizing regions and regionness as human constructs. Such an approach requires a focus on interactions instead of identity. From this perspective, regions may be seen as interpenetrated systems, both in a global sense and in sub-regional terms. Interpenetration is seen in terms of interactions of varying intensity and density centering on structures of interest which may be competitive or complementary and where the role of brokers and broker institutions are pivotal. Accordingly, from a long-term human historical perspective, endogenous experiences of region and regionness may well be regarded as variable phenomena depending on the structures of interest and the part played by brokers and broker institutions in any given historical period.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

13

Bhattacharya, Kakali, and Sonja Varbelow. "Cultural Brokers and Aliens." Qualitative Inquiry 20, no. 10 (August 28, 2014): 1157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800414545229.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

14

Leick, Birgit, and Susanne Gretzinger. "Business networking in organisationally thin regions: a case study on network brokers, SMEs and knowledge-sharing." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 27, no. 5 (August 17, 2020): 839–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-12-2019-0393.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

PurposeResearch on business networks in organisationally thin regions, which are characterised by a low density and quality of business networks, is still in its infancy, while the facilitation of business networks receives increasing interest. The present paper combines both perspectives by investigating how different types of network brokers facilitate business networking and knowledge-sharing in organisationally thin regions.Design/methodology/approachBurt's theory on brokers in social networks is applied to knowledge-sharing in business networks for organisational thinness as context. A qualitative case study represents the empirical basis that describes network brokers from various domains in three different German case regions, which are characterised by organisational thinness.FindingsThe network brokers studied facilitate different types of business networks, and they use various levers to increase knowledge-sharing among companies in business networks. Two broker types emerge, private business-driven versus public policy-driven network brokers with distinct approaches to the facilitation of business networking and knowledge-sharing and different limitations due to organisational thinness.Practical implicationsCompanies, notably SMEs, in contexts characterised by low networking density and quality may benefit from various types of network brokers that foster business networking and instigate knowledge exchange. Public policy should embed activities of private brokers in existing SME assistance programmes to increase the quantity and quality of business networks.Originality/valueNetwork facilitation in regions with weaknesses in their endowment with industry clusters, business networks and innovative knowledge exchange is under-explored, and this paper contributes to shedding light on this topic with a case study.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

15

McKeever, David. "Parties, Movements, Brokers." Contention 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cont.2021.090102.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article is a study of the consequences of brokerage for movements, and particularly for the role of political parties within social movements. My findings indicate that brokerage creates opportunities for minor groups to play a crucial role in mobilization, something that comes at a cost to a movement’s structure. I make my case with a study of brokerage in action, based on activist interviews, events data, and network data collected from the Scottish independence movement. Results demonstrate that the likelihood of the governing Scottish National Party participating in movement events only increases with the number of participating movement organizations. As the movement organizations transitioned from a referendum campaign to an autonomous movement, under-resourced peripheral groups took the lead in brokering the Nationalist movement.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

16

López-Sanders, Laura. "Embedded and External Brokers." American Behavioral Scientist 58, no. 2 (September 24, 2013): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764213503332.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

17

Pines, Rachyl L., Jennifer A. Kam, and Quinten Bernhold. "Understanding Latino/a language brokers’ identity goals in association with parent–child relational quality." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 490–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517734656.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the U.S., children of immigrant families often language broker—linguistically and culturally mediate for their family and members of U.S. mainstream culture. Previous research indicates that language brokering can have important implications for the parent–child relationship. Using survey data from 274 Latino/a sixth- to eighth-grade students, we examined how young brokers’ identity goals (i.e., “acting Latino/a” and “acting U.S. American”) and cultural identification are associated with parent–child relational closeness and parent–child destructive conflict management. Results showed that, in general, accommodating their parent by “acting Latino/a” was associated with higher relational quality for young language brokers who reported weak Latino/a cultural identification. Accommodating Latino/a parents’ cultural identity while language brokering might help improve parent–child relational quality for young Latino/a language brokers.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

18

Goduscheit, René Chester, Dmitry Khanin, Raj V. Mahto, and William C. McDowell. "Structural holes and social entrepreneurs as altruistic brokers." Journal of Innovation & Knowledge 6, no. 2 (April 2021): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2020.12.001.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

19

Maru, Yiheyis T., and Jocelyn Davies. "Supporting cross-cultural brokers is essential for employment among Aboriginal people in remote Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 4 (2011): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11022.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Employment is generally considered as essential for improving individual and social livelihoods and wellbeing in Australia. Typically, employment rates are low among Aboriginal people living in remote regions of Australia. Often this is attributed to a lack of mainstream labour markets. However, Aboriginal employment participation is low even in remote places where there are employment opportunities, creating a seemingly paradoxical situation of lots of job vacancies and lots of unemployed locals. Social networks are one of the factors that contribute to this phenomenon, and that can potentially help to address it. We applied social network and social capital theory in research in the Anmatjere region of central Australia. Our findings indicate that Aboriginal people have strong and dense bonding networks but sparse bridging and linking networks. While the existence of such ties is supported by research and observation elsewhere in remote Australia, the implications for employment have not been considered from the perspective of social network theory. Dense bonding networks reinforce, and are reinforced by, Aboriginal norms of sharing and reciprocity. These underpin the Aboriginal moral economy but can have negative influence on motivation to engage with mainstream employment opportunities that are driven by workplace and market norms. Brokers who can bridge and link Aboriginal individuals and their dense social networks to potential employers are essential for Aboriginal people to be able to obtain trusted information on jobs and have entrée to employment opportunities. Brokers also foster new norms that mediate the conflicting values and expectations held by potential Aboriginal employees and employers, who are generally not Aboriginal people. Social network theory suggests that bridging and linking provides advantage to the broker. However, stress and burnout are readily suffered by the people who broker networks with divergent values in cross-cultural settings. To improve employment outcomes and expand livelihood options for Aboriginal people in remote Australia, it is essential to recognise, support and recruit brokers.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

20

Alpes, Maybritt Jill. "Why aspiring migrants trust migration brokers: the moral economy of departure in Anglophone Cameroon." Africa 87, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 304–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972016000978.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractIn the face of restrictive migration policies, migration brokers in emigration countries sell services that are meant to facilitate departure projects. Not all aspiring migrants who give money to migration brokers are able to travel. This article asks how aspiring migrants in Anglophone Cameroon understand and deal with the potential for deceit by migration brokers. The analysis is based on sixteen months of fieldwork conducted between 2007 and 2013, predominantly in the town of Buea. By studying the social effects of European migration management through the lens of norms and values in a place of departure, the article argues that migration brokers cannot be understood exclusively as actors who are instrumental for the realization of migration trajectories. In a context where European migration management frustrates aspirations for global citizenship, migration brokers are also dealers in hopes for global belonging. Relations of trust between brokers and aspiring migrants are articulated through local terms such as ‘dokimen’, ‘feymen’ and ‘big men’. The article's two case studies examine relations between migration brokers and aspiring migrants within a broad social framework that includes family dynamics, as well as with a temporal perspective that stretches beyond the initial moment of failed departure.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

21

Pokrzywniak, Jakub. ""Good Practices in Brokerage Activity" – Selected Dilemmas." Prawo Asekuracyjne 1, no. 110 (March 30, 2022): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8054.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The article examines the publication "Good Practices in Brokerage Activity" published in 2021 by the Association of Polish Insurance and Reinsurance Brokers. The project aims to update good practices in the brokerage activity (hereinafter: Good Practices) and should be considered a positive initiative, because the existing Broker's Code of Ethics which was adopted on 23 May 2013 as well as the Principles of Good Practices and Cooperation of Insurance Brokers and Insurance Companies published in 2000 do not solve all problems which the market is currently facing. In addition, brokerage activity has been scarcely regulated under private law. Given the above, established customs and principles of social coexistence are particularly important for brokerage services in connection with Article 56, Article 65 § 1 and Article 354 of the Polish Civil Code. Not only do the draft Good Practices refer to the conduct of brokers, but they also contain a number of standards of conduct meant for insurance companies. As a result, this document ought to be acknowledged by insurance undertakings (their professional associations). On the other hand, it should be emphasized that Good Practices will not be binding on brokers who are not members of the Association of Polish Insurance and Reinsurance Brokers. Although Good Practices contain a lot of recommendations that deserve an unequivocally positive assessment, there are some provisions therein that may provoke controversies. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the provisions which may require further work and discussion.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

22

Latorre Guillem, Miguel Angel. "The Customer Orientation Service of Spanish Brokers in the Insurance Industry: The Advisory Service of the Insurance Distribution Channel Bancassurance." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2020): 2970. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072970.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This research focuses on the customer orientation of insurance brokers, whose activity is regulated by the Law on the mediation of private insurances and reinsurances. The goal is to ascertain whether the intermediation inherent in the insurance broker’s activity, which implies a customer-oriented service, entails a positive behaviour that transcends the immediate environment, reaching society. This study presents a comparative analysis between the insurance brokerage society, characterised by a personalised customer service, and banks’ advisory services on insurance. To this end, the study uses a sample of insurance brokerage firms in Spain. The results presented in this study suggest that the customer values the advisory service provided by the broker. However, for a particular business segment in standardized insurance products and products related to banking assets, customers are more likely to resort to the bank’s services. In addition, the results indicate that the commission percentages applied by the entities operating in the banking insurance channel exceed those perceived by the insurance broker. With all this, intermediation in the development of the insurer’s activity can entail social behaviour that involves customer-orientation and, possibly, social service and environmental performance.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

23

Frye, Timothy, Ora John Reuter, and David Szakonyi. "Vote Brokers, Clientelist Appeals, and Voter Turnout: Evidence from Russia and Venezuela." World Politics 71, no. 04 (August 27, 2019): 710–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887119000078.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractModern clientelist exchange is typically carried out by intermediaries—party activists, employers, local strongmen, traditional leaders, and the like. Politicians use such brokers to mobilize voters, yet little about their relative effectiveness is known. The authors argue that broker effectiveness depends on their leverage over clients and their ability to monitor voters. They apply their theoretical framework to compare two of the most common brokers worldwide, party activists and employers, arguing the latter enjoy numerous advantages along both dimensions. Using survey-based framing experiments in Venezuela and Russia, the authors find voters respond more strongly to turnout appeals from employers than from party activists. To demonstrate mechanisms, the article shows that vulnerability to job loss and embeddedness in workplace social networks make voters more responsive to clientelist mobilization by their bosses. The results shed light on the conditions most conducive to effective clientelism and highlight broker type as important for understanding why clientelism is prevalent in some countries but not others.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

24

Chaudhary, Anil Kumar, and Laura A. Warner. "Introduction to Social Network Research: Brokerage Typology." EDIS 2015, no. 3 (May 6, 2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-wc197-2015.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Brokerage occurs constantly in our daily lives. You, an Extension educator, want to deliver a financial management program in two neighborhoods, A and B. Neighborhood A needs help immediately, but you have no connections there. You do have connections in the other neighborhood, and you know that a family in Neighborhood A has friends in Neighborhood B. In this example, the Neighborhood A family can be a broker to help you deliver a program in Neighborhood B. Extension educators can use brokerage typology to understand how information and resources flow among their target audiences, and by identifying the brokers in their local communities, to increase the connectedness of communities and expand the reach of Extension programs to a larger population. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Anil Kumar Chaudhary and Laura A. Warner, and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, March 2015. AEC535/WC197: Introduction to Social Network Research: Brokerage Typology? (ufl.edu)

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

25

Roy, V. P. Nirmal. "Part-time Brokers in Financialised Rural Land Markets: Processes, Typology and Implications." Review of Development and Change 25, no. 1 (June 2020): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972266120927711.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article aims to delineate the part-time matchmaking broker in the rural land markets of Kerala, India, in the light of financialisation of land. While the land scenario in India has garnered attention with respect to urbanisation and financialisation, few studies have analysed the processes involved in rural land markets in conjuncture with financialisation. The article maps out the actors involved in rural land markets so as to trace the role of intermediary brokers, their intricate processes of intermediation and their implications, to understand the process of mediation in the working of rural land markets. Rural land market functioning is analysed in the backdrop of a tax-evading land transfer tax system and brokers who are mainly matchmakers that augment speculative land market activity. In this scenario, the study analyses the various types of intermediaries by revealing how the ‘part-time matchmaking broker’ uses social networks to mediate speculative land purchases in a financialised rural land market regime. The article concludes by drawing attention to the rent-seeking behaviour associated with intermediaries.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

26

Waheed, Zehra. "Translating customer needs into project decisions: identifying knowledge brokers in project networks." Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal 32, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlo-03-2018-0034.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Purpose It is essential for projects to fulfil a wide spectrum of customer expectations including social, psychological, technological, and physical ones. The purpose of this paper is to identify roles within project networks that act as transmitters and linkers of this important knowledge, thereby resulting in appropriate and timely on-ground decision-making. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative case analysis coupled with social network analysis (SNA) is used to map project actors and identify key knowledge brokers within a complex co-location project. The project network comprised 91 actors from a range of project partners from public and private sectors. Findings The research identifies key knowledge brokers where selection appears to reflect their “heavyweight” stature, high social capital, technical expertise, and personality. The research recommends early identification of brokers from within and outside the parent organization/s. Research limitations/implications The research covers a single, inductive, and interpretive study of a co-location project involving mature project organizations. Wider generalizability of findings to less mature organizations or those operating in vastly different sectors may be limited. Practical implications This study contributes to the existing body of literature on knowledge brokerage in projects and assists project managers in identifying and developing relevant brokers. Originality/value The study provides further evidence behind the argument that customer needs are translated into appropriate project decisions through key knowledge brokers.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

27

Dürr, Eveline, Rivke Jaffe, and Gareth A. Jones. "Brokers and Tours: Selling Urban Poverty and Violence in Latin America and the Caribbean." Space and Culture 23, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331219865684.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article explores how so-called “slum” tourism commodifies poverty and violence, transforming urban deprivation into a tourism product. In particular, we pay ethnographic attention to the role of brokers who mediate encounters between residents and tourists. The article explores how brokers—tour guides, art curators and civil society organizations—work to mediate power structures and enact a specific representational-performative politics. In so doing, brokers play a key role in aestheticizing and performing poverty and violence and converting disadvantaged spaces into a tourist product. We argue that brokers are vital to the reproduction of existing inequalities and to the formation of new social relationships and subjectivities.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

28

Zhou, Alvin, and Aimei Yang. "The Longitudinal Dimension of Social-Mediated Movements: Hidden Brokerage and the Unsung Tales of Movement Spilloverers." Social Media + Society 7, no. 3 (July 2021): 205630512110475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20563051211047545.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study traces the retweet networks among a group of movement spilloverers spanning across five social-mediated movements (i.e., People’s Climate March, Women’s March, #GrabYourWallet, March for Our Lives, and #StoptheBans) and examines the longitudinal inter-movement dynamics. Our analysis reveals that movement spillover is a widespread phenomenon existing in ideologically compatible movements across issue areas and lasted over 5 years. We also found that movement spilloverers functioned as relationship brokers both within their original movement networks and across movements. We identified four types of brokers based on their movement memberships and flows of information, and explored the unique characteristics of these brokers. We found that itinerants and representatives are exceptionally influential among the general public and media, whereas coordinators commend considerable influence among politicians. Representatives are most effective when influencing the activist community. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

29

Md Said, Muhamad Helmi, Grace Emmanuel Kaka, Muhammad Amrullah Bin Drs Nasrul, and Tinuk Dwi Cahyani. "Syndicate Marriage or Trafficking? The Travails of Asian Migrant Women." Journal of Educational and Social Research 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0010.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Migration is a phenomenon that has come to stay. It cuts across all nations in the world. People migrate for different purposes such as education, marriage, labour, job opportunity or employment and shelter for refugees. Migration occurs through various mediums which could be self, family members, friends, or other intermediaries such as brokers. This research applied the pure library-based research method to highlight the activities of brokers in migration in Asia and examine the ordeals of women victims in cross-border migration. It was discovered that activities of these illegal brokers, that is also known as syndicates, are not different from human trafficking. The women victims, whose desires are to change their status, soon got trapped in uncertainty with shattered dreams, hence the suggestion that Asian countries enter into bilateral agreement to enable favourable and a less strict migration procedures for their member states. In addition, the contracting states should enact strict legislation to curb syndicate marriage and check the accesses of these illegal brokers. Received: 13 October 2021 / Accepted: 21 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

30

Galunic, Charles, Gokhan Ertug, and Martin Gargiulo. "The Positive Externalities of Social Capital: Benefiting from Senior Brokers." Academy of Management Journal 55, no. 5 (October 2012): 1213–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0827.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

31

Macerinskiene, Irena, and Andrius Balciunas. "The Evidence of Social Responsibility in Foreign Exchange Brokers’ Activities." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 213 (December 2015): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.622.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

32

Rotberg, Fiona J. Y. "SOCIAL NETWORKS, BROKERS, AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: A BANGLADESHI CASE." Journal of International Development 25, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.2857.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

33

Purnomo, Hadi, Bayu Tri Cahya, Muhammad Lutfi Kuncoro, and Suparwi Suparwi. "Analisis Broker Contract Kepengurusan Surat Izin Mengemudi dalam Islamic Framing (Studi Kasus Satpas Polres Demak)." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 7, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v7i1.1861.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Indonesia's bureaucratic administration is quite famous for its complexity. Starting from the procedures it is long and many of them, so the service that is less efficient in serving many people. Nowadays, until technology enters the modern era in driver’s licence management, services are still not optimal, because technology is only limited to being glanced at without being touched and considered to be improved to control service efficiency. Brokers are here to sneak in, offering convenience, speed to prospective driver’s licence applicants, so that transactions can be made between them. However, this incident made it unclear for the community. On the other hand, the actions of brokers are very helpful for driver’s licence applicants in their management. With the phenomenological qualitative methodology, it will be illustrated that the contract exists between the two parties (brokers and service users), because the clarity of a contract is the most important thing to tie cooperation between fellow social beings so that no one is harmed and is not partial. This research was conducted at the Demak Resort Police with a phenomenological approach and using interview data collection techniques, observation and documentation. The results of this study reveal that the contract that exists between the driver’s licence broker and service users in the management of the driver’s licence is the Ijarah Agreement. And this contract transaction is a legal thing. In general, the process of the driver’s licence management mechanism by brokers is haram. Because there is an element of risywah or bribery in the mechanism.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

34

Wye, Lesley, Helen Cramer, Jude Carey, Rachel Anthwal, James Rooney, Rebecca Robinson, Kate Beckett, Michelle Farr, Andrée le May, and Helen Baxter. "Knowledge brokers or relationship brokers? The role of an embedded knowledge mobilisation team." Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice 15, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426417x15123845516148.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

35

Tancoigne, Elise. "Invisible brokers: “citizen science” on Twitter." Journal of Science Communication 18, no. 06 (December 16, 2019): A05. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.18060205.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Who speaks for “citizen science” on Twitter? Which territory of citizen science have they made visible so far? This paper offers the first description of the community of users who dedicate their online social media identity to citizen science. It shows that Twitter users who identify with the term “citizen science” are mostly U.S. science professionals in environmental sciences, and rarely projects' participants. In contrast to the original concept of “citizen science”, defined as a direct relationship between scientists and lay participants, this paper makes visible a third category of individual actors, mostly women, who connect these lay participants and scientists: the “citizen science broker”.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

36

Kim, Julie S. "Payments and Intimate Ties in Transnationally Brokered Marriages." Socio-Economic Review 17, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwx061.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractHow do women make sense of marriages that start with payments and brokers? This study explores the sustenance of connected lives through relational work by analyzing how women from Asia who marry South Korean men in transnationally brokered marriages understand money and marriage. Evidence from 31 in-depth interviews elucidates the different ways in which women manage their social and economic relations in their home country and their destination country, and how the negotiation of those ties impacts marriage decisions and experiences. The case extends our understanding of relational work by uncovering its dynamic nature as women’s changing expectations reconfigure their relations with family, brokers and husbands, and, in turn, reformulate their monetary practices. Examining women’s relational work also reveals micro-processes that underlie macro-level trends in the flow of money, information and people in Asia, lending an understanding of broader transnational processes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

37

Caswill, Chris, and Catherine Lyall. "Knowledge brokers, entrepreneurs and markets." Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426413x662671.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

38

Falah, Fajrul. "Kepercayaan dan Hegemoni dalam Cerpen “Makelar” Karya Sri Lima R.N. (Kajian Hegemoni Gramsci)." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 14, no. 2 (May 30, 2019): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.14.2.136-146.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This study aims to express the trust and hegemony in the "Broker" short story by Sri Lima R.N. This research is motivated by the idea that language in fiction or short stories is meaningful and indicated not to be neutral. The language in the short story, became the media for sending message content to the author as a reflection of the social community referred to. The approach used in this study is the sociology of literature, specific to the study of Gramsci hegemony. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Research data obtained from text, words, phrases, sentences, contained in short stories related to trust and hegemony. The research data is then described and expressed based on the approach used. The results of the study show that there was a change in the characteristics of Handoko's character as a broker who was initially good, become opportunist. Brokerage profession is used as a tool to hegemony the public to get profits. Community trust in brokers and people who are considered smart also grow. However, Handoko's figure was eventually protested by people who had used their services and failed. Handoko or brokers run away from the protests and demands of the people.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

39

Bilecen, Başak, and Andrés Cardona. "Do transnational brokers always win? A multilevel analysis of social support." Social Networks 53 (May 2018): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2017.03.001.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

40

Aspinall, Edward. "WHEN BROKERS BETRAY: Clientelism, Social Networks, and Electoral Politics in Indonesia." Critical Asian Studies 46, no. 4 (October 2, 2014): 545–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2014.960706.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

41

Lloyd, Stephanie. "Morals, Medicine and Change: Morality Brokers, Social Phobias, and French Psychiatry." Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 32, no. 2 (March 26, 2008): 279–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-008-9092-4.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

42

Lee, Chun-chang, Yu-hsin Lin, Hsin-Chung Huang, Wei-wen Huang, and Hsu-hung Teng. "The Effects of Task Interdependence, Team Cooperation, and Team Conflict on Job Performance." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 4 (May 24, 2015): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.4.529.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Using a linear structural model, we investigated the impact of task interdependence, task and relationship conflict in a team, and team cooperation on job performance of real estate brokers in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The empirical results showed that task interdependence significantly and positively influenced team cooperation and job performance, and significantly and negatively influenced relationship conflict. Relationship conflict significantly and negatively influenced team cooperation; task conflict positively and significantly influenced job performance; team cooperation significantly and positively influenced job performance; and trust significantly moderated the effect of task conflict on job performance. It is clear from these results that, when investigating the factors affecting real estate brokers' job performance, it is necessary to consider the effects of task interdependence, task conflict, relationship conflict, and team cooperation, as well as the moderating effect of trust.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

43

Reinecke, Juliane, Jimmy Donaghey, Adrian Wilkinson, and Geoffrey Wood. "Global supply chains and social relations at work: Brokering across boundaries." Human Relations 71, no. 4 (March 18, 2018): 459–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718756497.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Global supply chains are not just instruments for the exchange of economic goods and flow of capital across borders. They also connect people in unprecedented ways across social and cultural boundaries and have created new, interrelated webs of social relationships that are socially embedded. However, most of the existing theories of work are mainly based at the level of the corporation, not on the network of relations that interlink them, and how this may impact on work and employment relations. We argue that this web of relations should not just be seen in economic, but also social terms, and that the former are embedded and enabled by the latter. This article argues for the value of focusing on the role of brokers and boundary workers in mediating social relations across global supply chains. It develops four approaches that lie on a spectrum from structural perspectives focused on brokers who link otherwise unconnected actors to more constructivist ones focused on boundary workers performing translation work between domains.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

44

Schiltz, Julie, and Karen Büscher. "Brokering research with war-affected people: The tense relationship between opportunities and ethics." Ethnography 19, no. 1 (August 29, 2016): 124–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138116664542.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

This article examines the roles of brokers in conducting research in a (post-)conflict context and uses this analysis as a lens to rethink reflexive ethics in humanitarian research. Drawing on fieldwork in Gulu, northern Uganda, the paper analyses the ambiguous position of brokers, and the complex social space in which they navigate. The paper outlines how brokers, in the pursuit of opportunities and in trying to meet expectations of other players, use strategies such as concealing information for researchers, or actively promoting the research project rather than merely facilitating it. It is further argued that research in northern Uganda may reproduce conceptions of war-affected people as vulnerable and of the war-affected context as problem-fraught and in need of intervention. The paper concludes by seeking ways to rethink a reflexive ethical stance in humanitarian research and encourages researchers to take the role of brokers and other stakeholders into account.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

45

Kangas, Riikka, and Timo Aarrevaara. "Higher Education Institutions as Knowledge Brokers in Smart Specialisation." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 3044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073044.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The effectiveness of societal interaction has become a key aspect in evaluating the success of higher education institutions (HEIs) in performing their duties. These factors have been built into institutional funding models, and the funding of research follows a similar approach. External stakeholders are now having to share in undertaking some of the functions that will define higher education institutions’ external activities, societal interaction and impact on society. The European Union’s smart specialisation strategy is such a factor. This initiative allows higher education institutions to implement policies by building regional clusters. The counterparts of higher education institutions in these clusters of smart specialisation are knowledge-intensive enterprises, high-tech service providers, educational institutions, the Arctic Smartness Specialisation Platform and other centers of expertise for smart specialisation. In this paper, we have analysed the role of higher education institutions as knowledge brokers in smart specialisation though a qualitative analysis of 20 interviews conducted during the implementation of the smart specialisation project. Our findings show that the knowledge broker role can be promoted from four perspectives: the social dimension of networks; decision-making and control; cluster building; and exchange elements. The clarification and legitimation of the role of higher education institutions as knowledge brokers in these areas would give smart specialisation more impetus to reach its goals.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

46

Christopoulos, Dimitris, and Karin Ingold. "Exceptional or just well connected? Political entrepreneurs and brokers in policy making." European Political Science Review 7, no. 3 (December 10, 2014): 475–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773914000277.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Policy brokers and policy entrepreneurs are assumed to have a decisive impact on policy outcomes. Their access to social and political resources is contingent on their influence on other agents. In social network analysis (SNA), entrepreneurs are often closely associated with brokers, because both are agents presumed to benefit from bridging structural holes; for example, gaining advantage through occupying a strategic position in relational space. Our aim here is twofold. First, to conceptually and operationally differentiate policy brokers from policy entrepreneurs premised on assumptions in the policy-process literature; and second, via SNA, to use the output of core algorithms in a cross-sectional analysis of political brokerage and political entrepreneurship. We attempt to simplify the use of graph algebra in answering questions relevant to policy analysis by placing each algorithm within its theoretical context. In the methodology employed, we first identify actors and graph their relations of influence within a specific policy event; then we select the most central actors; and compare their rank in a series of statistics that capture different aspects of their network advantage. We examine betweenness centrality, positive and negative Bonacich power, Burt’s effective size and constraint and honest brokerage as paradigmatic. We employ two case studies to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of each algorithm for differentiating between brokers and entrepreneurs: one on Swiss climate policy and one on EU competition and transport policy.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

47

Eisenberg, Theodore. "Negotiation, Lawyering, and Adjudication: Kritzer on Brokers and Deals." Law & Social Inquiry 19, no. 01 (1994): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1994.tb00403.x.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

48

Kettering, Sharon. "Brokerage at the court of Louis XIV." Historical Journal 36, no. 1 (March 1993): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00016113.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

ABSTRACTFor a commission brokers negotiated an exchange between those who had patronage to grant and those in need who were willing to give something in return. They received a fee for their help as intermediaries in the search for patronage. Brokerage differed from patronage in that it was a mercenary service which did not by itself create a personal bond. Noble brokers of royal patronage in the provinces and at court were prevalent during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Provincial brokers included the governors, lieutenants general, intendants, clerics, first presidents of the sovereign courts, military commanders, great nobles, and any resident provincials related to, or well-known by, high-ranking court or government personages. Court brokers included all those regularly at court, and ranged from those immediately surrounding the king, as the fount of royal patronage, downward and outward in layers of influence calculated upon their distance from the king. Brokers in the provinces became less important during Louis XIV's reign because the king himself insisted on supervising the distribution of royal patronage at court. Patronage became more easily obtainable at Versailles than in the provinces, and, increasingly, nobles in need of patronage went to court to find it, aided in their search by courtiers acting as brokers. During Louis XIV's reign, an absolute monarchy sought successfully to centralize the brokerage of royal patronage at court, a hitherto unrecognized aspect of the process of social and political centralization known as early modern statebuilding.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

49

Gervase Clarence-Smith, William. "Middle Eastern Migrants in the Philippines: Entrepreneurs and Cultural Brokers." Asian Journal of Social Science 32, no. 3 (2004): 425–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568531043584827.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

AbstractThe Philippines deviated from the usual Southeast Asian pattern of Hadhrami Arab dominance among Middle Easterners. Despite the influence of Muslim Arabs in the Islamic southwest, the predominant community initially consisted of Armenians, and then of immigrants from Ottoman Syria from the 1880s. Coming via Latin America, the United States, or Asian entrepôts, most of these "Syrians" were Christians from modern Lebanon. They, however, included substantial Muslim Druze and Oriental Jewish minorities, and some came from Syria proper, Palestine, and even further a field. They formed the largest twentieth-century Syro-Lebanese community in Monsoon Asia. Some Middle Easterners became Filipino citizens, speaking either Spanish or English, others emigrated to the USA or Australia, and yet others went home. Their main contribution to the Philippines was economic. Initially peddlers and small shopkeepers, they moved into real estate, agriculture, mining, the leisure industry, the professions, the import-export trade, embroidery for export to the USA and, after independence, manufacturing for the local market.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

50

Delgado, Vanessa. "Children of immigrants as “brokers” in an era of exclusion." Sociology Compass 14, no. 10 (September 3, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12832.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Статті в журналах з теми "Social brokers"

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями