Дисертації з теми "Social aspects"
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1
Brito, Rodrigo. "The psychological distinction between social entities and social categories =: La distinction psychologique entre entités sociales et catégories sociales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211223.
2
Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of Social Phobia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Neuroscience, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
Анотація:
Social phobia is a disabling, lifelong disorder characterised by fear in social settings.
The aim of the present study was to gain more knowledge about diagnostic, neurobiologic and epidemiologic aspects of social phobia.
Thirty-two individuals were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I and II psychiatric disorders, the Karolinska Scales of Personality and the Temperament and Character Inventory. Social phobia was accompanied by concurrent axis I disorders in about 28% of individuals, lifetime axis I disorders in 54%, personality disorders in 60%, and avoidant personality disorder (APD) in 47%. This suggests that there is a high comorbidity between social phobia and APD according to the DSM-IV criteria. The personality profiles associated with social phobia were dominated by anxiety-related traits that were primarily related to social phobia itself and not to the presence of concurrent personality disorders.
Eighteen subjects with social phobia and eighteen controls were investigated with positron emission tomography and the radiolabeled serotonin precursor, [3 -11C]–5-HTP (5-HTP). Individuals with social phobia demonstrated proportionally lower regional relative whole brain accumulation of 5-HTP in areas of the frontal and temporal cortices as well as the striatum, but higher accumulation in the cerebellum. This suggests that there are imbalances in presynaptic serotonin function in individuals with social phobia, although this could only be confirmed in men, and not in women.
By means of a postal survey, distributed to 2000 randomly selected individuals, social phobia in Sweden was found to be common, with a point prevalence of 15.6%.
3
Marteinsdóttir, Ína. "Aspects of social phobia /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3323.
4
Kosolap, N. Ye. "Social aspects of tourism." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26076.
5
Lam, Dominic Hung. "Social cognitive aspects of depression." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295141.
6
Петрушенко, Юрій Миколайович, Юрий Николаевич Петрушенко, Yurii Mykolaiovych Petrushenko, Олександр Валентинович Дудкін, Александр Валентинович Дудкин, and Oleksandr Valentynovych Dudkin. "Ecological aspects of social responsibility." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8290.
7
Raabe, Isabel Jasmin. "Social aspects of educational inequality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:484c79ff-93a6-41bb-96e7-d3045e48b98a.
Анотація:
Social factors have long been included in theories that aim at explaining educational inequality, for example social integration or social influence from significant others. Using social network data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU), I am investigating to what extent social aspects can contribute to our understanding of ethnic and gendered patterns in educational inequality. The first two empirical chapters focus on explaining ethnic patterns in school grades and in the aspirations to attend university. In these, I find a positive relationship between low school grades and extent of social exclusion, measured through the absence of friendships and the existence of social rejection from classmates. This helps explaining ethnic grade disadvantages of recently arrived migrants, since they are more likely to be socially excluded. Further, I use friendship network data to detect social clusters within school classes, and find that changes in cluster members' aspirations are relatively more important for changes in individual aspirations than the corresponding changes of classmates outside of the social cluster. These chapters use an ego-centric network approach, i.e. they utilise social network data to capture characteristics of the social dimension around individuals and analyse them in regression models on the individual level. The latter two empirical chapters investigate how social influence can stabilise gendered patterns of favourite subjects and competence beliefs. Examining why girls get discouraged from subjects in the field of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Maths (STEM), I find evidence for influence from friends on favourite subjects, as well as for the tendency of girls to be affected by the preferences of other girls in the classroom specifically when it comes to preferences for STEM subjects. Moreover, I show that there is a social influence from friends on maths competence beliefs, especially for boys, while girls tend to be more influenced by maths grades. These two chapters take a socio-centric approach, i.e. they deploy complete network analysis to detect patterns of social influence, while accounting for network structures and processes. This thesis shows that social aspects can contribute valuable insights into the study of educational choice and attainment. In identifying concrete social mechanisms surrounding and affecting individuals, this approach can thus help us understand how differences in educational outcomes come about.
8
Piolli, Alessandro Luis. "Participação publica e novas expertises : um estudo de caso na camara tecnica rural dos comites de bacias hidrograficas dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiai." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286969.
Анотація:
Orientador: Maria Conceição da CostaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: A centralidade da ciência e da tecnologia no mundo atual gera, cada vez mais, um aumento da participação de cientistas em decisões públicas, especialmente na resolução de controvérsias. Esta participação crescente de cientistas aponta dois problemas para o futuro das democracias. Um desses problemas seria resultante das desigualdades de conhecimentos entre especialistas e leigos, que são incompatíveis com o princípio da igualdade das democracias liberais. Outro problema ocorre quando o Estado, ao dar especial status à opinião de experts, fere o princípio da neutralidade. Pensados separadamente, esses dois problemas poderiam ser solucionados nos caminhos da política: as desigualdades de conhecimento ou a suposta "incapacidade pública" de participar das decisões seriam resolvidos com a educação; já a questão da neutralidade, ou o suposto descontrole democrático do conhecimento especializado poderia ser resolvido por meio dos concílios de cidadãos em tecnologia ou conselhos e comitês gestores com participação do público. Pensados juntos, no entanto, os dois problemas trazem uma questão mais complexa: se os experts são o princípio do conhecimento público, e esse conhecimento não deveria ser pensado como superior à opinião do público leigo, o público é, então, menos competente que os experts e está sob o controle cultural ou intelectual desses especialistas. Para discutir esses problemas, será feita uma análise compreensiva, com uso de tipos ideais de experts e de expertises, a partir do estudo de caso na Câmara Técnica Rural dos comitês federal e estadual das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí, que terá como foco três aspectos: a elaboração de uma proposta de cálculos para cobrança pelo uso das águas no meio rural; as disputas entre setor rural e de saneamento para a definição das formas de cobrança e pela alocação de recursos arrecadados; e as propostas dos comitês estudados para divulgação e educação científica de aspectos ligados a gestão das águas. O presente estudo demonstra que a diversidade permitida na gestão por comitês promove a formação de novas formas de expertise, como a expertise híbrida - entre as expertises interacional e contributiva - que têm fortalecido o processo democrático. A análise dos processos de formação dessas expertises é o ponto de partida para o desenvolvimento de dois argumentos centrais. O primeiro é o de que a contraposição feita entre ciência e política, comum nas disputas do comitê estudado, desvaloriza um dos principais avanços do novo modelo de gestão das águas: a diversidade política, técnica e científica gera uma maior abertura ao debate político, fundamental ao processo democrático, e não a despolitização do debate. O segundo argumento parte da noção de que é possível se estabelecer, por meio de negociações, um mínimo necessário de conhecimentos que permite ao público "leigo" o engajamento na discussão, permitindo a ele, mesmo mantendo suas características de não especialista, participar das decisões políticas de assuntos científicos.
Abstract: The science and the technology are in the center of the world nowadays, which generates the crescent increase of the scientists' participation on public decisions, especially on the resolution of controversies. These scientists increasing participation highlights two problems for the future of democracies. One of these problems would result in inequality of knowledge between experts and lay people, which are incompatible with the principle of equality in liberal democracies. Another problem takes place when the State gives special status to the view of experts, offending the principle of neutrality. If considered separately, these two problems could be solved in the path of politics: the inequality of knowledge or the supposed "public failure" to participate in decisions would be solved with education, while the issue of neutrality, or the supposed lack of democratic expertise could be solved through the councils of citizens in technology or management boards and committees with public participation. If considered together, however, the two problems bring up a more complex issue: if experts are the principle of public knowledge, and this knowledge should not be taken as superior to the opinion of the lay people, the public is the less competent than experts and is under the intellectual or cultural control of experts. To discuss these issues, a comprehensive analysis will be done, with use of ideal types of experts and expertise from the case study in the Rural Technical Chamber of federal and state committees of the river basins of the rivers Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí, which will focus three aspects: the preparation of a draft recovery calculations for the use of water in rural areas, disputes between the rural sector and sanitation for the definition of the forms of recovery and the allocation of funds raised and the proposals of the committees studied to disseminate scientific and educational aspects of water management. This study shows that the diversity allowed by the management committees promotes the formation of new forms of expertise such as hybrid expertise - between the interactional and contributory expertises, which has strengthened the democratic process. The analysis of the formation procedures of such expertise is the starting point for the development of two central arguments. The first is that the opposition made between science and policy, common in disputes of the committees studied, devalues one of the main advances of the new model of water management: the policy, technical and scientific diversity generates greater openness to political debate, fundamental the democratic process, not the depoliticization of the debate. The second argument comes from the notion that it is possible to establish, through negotiations, a minimum necessary of knowledge which enables the lay public to the engagement in discussion, enabling him, even while maintaining its characteristics of non-specialists, to participate in decisions policies for scientific affairs.
Mestrado
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
9
Herbaux, Denis. "On the economics of interpersonal relationships: three essays on social capital, social norms and social identity." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210211.
Анотація:
For decades, economic theories have been mostly based on rational choices made by selfish individuals to maximize their utility, while sociology spent a lot of efforts describing the environment of individuals and explaining how this environment shapes theirs decisions. However, the last thirty years have seen many sociological concepts appear in the economic literature. For example, behavioral economics introduces things such as envy or altruism in economic theories. Other notions such as social capital, social norms, trust or community became more and more present in economic papers. The objective of this new strand of literature is to engage into sort of socioeconomic approach and to shed some light on interpersonal relationships. This thesis belongs to this socioeconomic approach, and tries to explore new aspects of various concepts. The two first papers are theoretical. In the first one, we explore the negative side of social capital, which has not been studied extensively, by investigating the effect of a norm on consumers when moving is costly. In the second one, we introduce a sociological concept, namely social identity, in a classic economic model in order to show how social interactions modifies its results, and hence, the importance of taking such interpersonal relationships into account. The third and final paper is an empirical case study of social capital in Belgium, an exercise that has not been done before, with the objective of comparing the level of social capital between the various regions of the country. In the first paper, The Tyranny of Social Norms on Individual Behavior, we study the negative effect of the existence of a norm and moving cost inside a community. Because of deviation cost (such as social shame or peer pressure for example), consumers inside a given community may not reach their ideal consumption, that is the consumption they would have without social constraint. On the other hand, moving to another community may be too expensive (in terms of social assets needed to be part of the new community). Hence, agents may get stuck in their community, being forced to consume something they do not want to. One example of such behavior is the underinvestment in education in some neighborhood. We show that such equilibria are possible and that they may be socially suboptimal equilibria as well as Pareto inferior equilibria. We also show that state intervention can correct those “bad” equilibria by operating transfers between agents in order to lower the moving cost.
In the second paper, Social Identity, Advertising and Market Competition, we use a particular approach of a sociological concept, namely Social Identity, which focuses on the fact that people want to signal who they are to others. We assume that this is done by choosing a specific consumption (think of fashion market for example). We show that under this assumption, the classical result of Bertrand Price Competition does not hold anymore, and that prices and profits are positive, meaning that social identity creates market power for firms. Moreover, if the number of goods is limited, groups will be formed, and there will be multiple equilibria, each one corresponding to a particular partition of the consumers. We then add the possibility for firms to use advertising. This allows consumers to have a coordination tool, but increases also market powers for firms. We investigate the various equilibria that arise and their impact in term of welfare.
In the third paper, Social Capital in Belgium, we construct an index of social capital using the European Social Survey, and we show that this index can be decomposed in three aspects: Trust, Social Activities and Social Network. We then study whether there is a difference in social capital between Belgium’s regions or not. We show that indeed, such difference exists, even when controlling for socioeconomic variables. In a third part, we investigate whether the level of social capital is higher or lower in Belgium than in other European countries, and we analyze European regional differences in term of social capital.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
10
Domenech, Aparisi T. A. "Social aspects of industrial symbiosis networks." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/762629/.
Анотація:
The field of industrial ecology aims to transform industry into cyclical systems so that the “waste of one process can be used as resource for another process” (Frosch and Galloupoulos, 1989). Within this field, Industrial Symbiosis (IS) has emerged as a set of exchange structures to advance to a more eco-efficient industrial system, by establishing inter-organisational networks of waste material and energy exchanges. Even though the area has attracted much academic attention and has been reported to lead to economic and environmental benefits (Chertow and Lombardi, 2005), initially, most of the contributions focused on the engineering and technical feasibility of the exchanges, whereas social elements remained mostly unaddressed. Although relevant literature has partly addressed this gap and recognized the role played by social aspects, there is still little understanding of how social mechanisms work; how they affect the emergence and operation of IS networks and, most importantly, there is a lack of comprehensive frameworks for the analysis of the soft elements of IS. This research has been designed to contribute to these areas, by exploring the social aspects surrounding IS networks and providing a framework for their analysis. The framework provided covers the material, social and discursive dimensions of IS networks and focus on the dynamic analysis of the interaction between them. The research design relies on the cross-comparison of a number of IS networks: Kalundborg (Denmark), Sagunto (Spain) and NISP (UK). Social Network Analysis and Discourse Analysis have been used as main methodological approaches. Findings of the research cover two key areas: 1) the formulation of a comprehensive analytical framework that addresses the social dimension of IS initiatives in a systematic and integrative way and 2) empirical learning on the main social processes affecting the operation of IS networks.
11
Денисенко, Павло Анатолійович, Павел Анатольевич Денисенко, and Pavlo Anatoliiovych Denysenko. "Some economic aspects of social capital." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091.
Анотація:
Nowadays innovation-oriented development of particular socio-economic system is no longer considered as a result of some individual breakthrough, it was substituted by systematic work of specially created professional networks of different kind and size. Formal and informal interrelations among talented workers, knowledge management, creative environment, social capital, organizational culture becomes the new frontier of competitive advantage.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8091
12
Kharlamova, G. "Environmental security: economic and social aspects." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022.
Анотація:
Ecology – is complex problem, so complex decisions are needed.
Preservation of environment and acceptance of administrative decisions, recreational use of natural resources of natural-resources fund territories demand certain regulating actions. These actions have to be based on exact basis of complex interdisciplinary approach to environment security.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10022
13
Hattingh, Coenraad Jacobus. "Neurobiological aspects of social anxiety disorder." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10865.
Анотація:
This thesis investigates the functional neuroanatomy of SAD [Social Anxiety Disorder] using an activation likelihood-estimate meta-analysis (ALE meta-analysis), and explores the structural basis of SAD using a cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter volume analysis.
14
Dimitrova, Teodora. "Social Dumping: Theoretical and Empirical Aspects." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-22873.
15
Farias, Deusiney Robson de Araújo. "Ciberativismo e campo político brasileiro: uma reflexão crítica sobre as vicissitudes das lutas políticas na era do ciberespaço." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20249.
Анотація:
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Activism in cyberspace, also called cyberactivism, a transnational practice that puts us before invisible demands for techno excluded, and largely ignored by the political field, is presented as a solution to political problems, such as the collaborative public dialogue promotion and as online mobilization. In Brazil, the political struggles variations of recent years raise the following questions: what are the fundamental characteristics of activism in cyberspace and in the Brazilian political field? According to their characteristics, for what reasons do the demands and actions proposed by cyberactivists have little repercussion and support in the Brazilian political field and in society, often leading to temporary disappearance or at random? In response to these questions, we propose five hypotheses, namely: [1] political activism in cyberspace is part of an "activist protocampo"; [2] the hackeractivist has the potential to influence the political field through its actions of resistance; cyberactivists can simulate public opinion; The clickactivist or "like" activist is the maneuvering mass of the cyberactivist actions; [3] ciberactivism favors a much more alterity with the medium of communication and its connection links; [4] the political field is based on the blackmail game, characterized as its main conventional method of action / articulation; and [5] this form of activism provoked a political field reaction, which instrumented means capable of neutralizing actions in cyberspace and capitalizing on the results in favor of the image itself. The critical reflection on the Brazilian political and cybercultural reality aims at organizing a theoretical-methodological framework based on the deductive reasoning method, which is supported by two related symbolic models: [a] the political field as an autonomous microcosm, a socially structure based on a control and dispute system; and [b] activism in cyberspace, an emerging form of action with enormous political potential. Pierre Bourdieu's methodological view of relationally thinking about the object represented a fundamental part of our thesis. Likewise, the theoretical-epistemological framework formed in Brazil about activism in cyberspace contributed to the existing terms classification in the existing literature. Especially based on the concepts of Eugenio Trivinho, Jean Baudrillard, Fábio Malini, Henrique Antoun and Norberto Bobbio, we propose the concept of glocal activism, considering the global life organization modes added to the technomiditic local civilization arrangements resulted in a third social and political dimension, no longer local or global, but - just - glocal. This way, we conclude that, behind the political field visible power, there is an invisible power that acts through the blackmail game. In this dispute, hackeractivism has great potential to decrypt the existing game and eventually subvert the structures of power. This same action, however, makes us vulnerable to advanced digital technology, historically reinforcing the glocal phenomenon as an inexorable existential condition
O ativismo no ciberespaço, também denominado ciberativismo, prática transnacional que nos coloca diante de demandas invisíveis para tecnoexcluídos e, em grande parte, ignoradas pelo campo político, apresenta-se como solução para problemas políticos, como promoção de diálogo público colaborativo e como mobilização online. No Brasil, as vicissitudes das lutas políticas dos últimos anos fazem emergir as seguintes questões: quais as características fundamentais do ativismo no ciberespaço e do campo político brasileiro?; em que pesem suas características, por quais razões as demandas e ações propostas pelos ciberativistas têm pouca repercussão e sustentação no campo político brasileiro e na sociedade, muitas vezes chegando ao desaparecimento temporário ou ao ocaso? Como resposta a essas questões, propomos cinco hipóteses, a saber: [1] o ativismo político no ciberespaço faz parte de um “protocampo ativista”; [2] o hackerativista tem o potencial de influenciar o campo político por meio de suas ações de resistência; os ciberativistas podem criar simulacros de opinião pública; o clickativista ou ativista like é massa de manobra das ações ciberativistas; [3] O ciberativismo favorece muito mais uma alteridade com o meio de comunicação e seus links de conexão; [4] o campo político sustenta-se a partir do jogo de chantagens, caracterizado como o seu principal método convencional de ação/articulação; e [5] essa forma de ativismo provocou uma reação por parte do campo político, que instrumentalizou meios capazes de neutralizar ações no ciberespaço e capitalizar os resultados em favor da própria imagem. A reflexão crítica sobre essa realidade política e cibercultural brasileira visa organizar um arcabouço teórico-metodológico a partir do método de raciocínio dedutivo, baseada em dois modelos simbólicos conexos: [a] o campo político como microcosmo autônomo, estrutura socialmente estruturada sobre um sistema de controle e disputa; e [b] o ativismo no ciberespaço, forma emergente de ação com enorme potencial político. A visão metodológica de Pierre Bourdieu, de pensar relacionalmente o objeto, representou parte fundamental de nossa Tese. Igualmente, o arcabouço teórico-epistemólogico formado no Brasil sobre ativismo no ciberespaço contribuiu para a classificação dos termos apresentados na literatura existente. Especialmente com base nos conceitos de Eugênio Trivinho, Jean Baudrillard, Fábio Malini, Henrique Antoun e Norberto Bobbio, propomos o conceito de ativismo glocal, considerando que os modos de organização global da vida, somados aos arranjos locais na civilização tecnomidiática, resultaram em uma terceira dimensão social e política, já nem local nem global, mas – justamente – glocal. Diante disso, concluímos que, por trás do poder visível do campo político, existe um poder invisível que atua por meio do jogo de chantagens. Nessa disputa, o hackerativismo tem grande potencial para descriptografar o jogo existente e, eventualmente, subverter as estruturas de poder. Essa mesma ação, contudo, nos entrega ao domínio da tecnologia digital avançada, reforçando historicamente o fenômeno glocal como condição existencial inexorável
16
Valenzuela, Musura Rafael, and Francesco Albarosa. "Social Sustainability Aspects of Agile Project Management : An Exploratory Study of Social Sustainability Aspects in Agile Project Management." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130909.
Анотація:
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explore a new perspective within the sustainability of project management theoretical area. The research focuses on verifying the existence of interconnections between Agile Project Management and Social Sustainability, and on understanding how Agile Project Management impacts organisational social dynamics from a Social Sustainability point of view. Research Methodology/ Approach/ Design: Through an in-depth single-holistic case study, the research investigates the social dynamics taking place amongst the members of an international IT company, applying an agile project management framework since more than two years. A total of six extensive semi-structured interviews have been carried out with people covering different positions within the company. By working on qualitative data from the interviews, the researchers obtained an in-vivo set of interconnected concepts. The analysis work consisted in qualitatively analysing these concepts and relations in order to build a network diagram reproducing graphically the interconnections existing between Agile Project Management elements and the Social Sustainability factors proposed by Missimer et al. (2016a, 2016b). Research Findings: The findings - obtained through the analysis of the network diagram - have been analysed with the lenses of the five factors, that have not to be degraded in order to ensure the social sustainability of a social system. It has been found that implementation of Agile Project Management, within the company’s environment, has impacted the organisation’s social dynamics in several ways. These impacts influenced in a direct or indirect way individual’s “Health”, their “Capacity to Influence”, their “Capacity to Acquire New Competences”, and their “Capacity of Meaning-Making”. By analysing the type of influence APM has on these four aforementioned factors, it has been found that it influences positively all of them. This allowed us to conclude that, according to Missimer et al. definition of Social Sustainability, Agile Project Management shows several interconnections to Social Sustainability and that it seems to benefit organisational internal social dynamics making them more socially sustainable. Research limitations: Because of the exploratory nature of the research, the empirical study has been based on a single in-depth case study. However, generalisability of the findings are limited by the inherent limitations of this inquiry strategy. Further researches will allow to verify and eventually expand or complete the proposed model. Originality/value: This research contributes to a detailed understanding of the existing relations between Agile Project Management and Social Sustainability theory. This represents a completely new point of view in the studies of Sustainability of Project Management, suggesting the validity of a new stream of research focusing on Agile Project Management as a new project management process through which promote corporate sustainability.
17
Demeuldre, Michel. "Le changement musical: étude transculturelle de trois siècles de changements dans la musique et la danse en milieu urbain." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213065.
18
Cirillo, Jasmin. "Social & psychobiological aspects of whispered speech." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2003/302/index.html.
19
McKenzie, Samantha L. "Psychological and social aspects of bariatric surgery." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:4936.
Анотація:
This portfolio has three parts. The first is a systematic literature review, in which the psychological and social factors associated with successful weight loss after bariatric surgery are reviewed. The second part is an empirical paper, which investigates the experiences of women who have successfully lost weight following bariatric surgery, specifically with reference to changes in self-concept. Seven women were interviewed and emergent themes were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nine subthemes were identified, clustered into three superordinate themes: (1) 'obesity as socially unacceptable', (2) 'making a case for surgery', and (3) 'the slim self as socially acceptable'. Links to self-concept were made, and clinical implications were discussed. The third part of the portfolio comprises of the reflective statement and appendices.
20
Kennerley, H. A. "Psychological and social aspects of maternity blues." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371549.
21
Da, Silva Jack. "Ecological aspects of Eurasian badger social structure." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252789.
22
Sittlington, Julie. "The psycho-social aspects of infant feeding." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529510.
23
Fauré, Eléonore. "Sustainability goals combining social and environmental aspects." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191524.
Анотація:
This thesis examines how to take into account both environmental and social sustainability goals to be used in scenarios or in policymaking. In paper I, we select four sustainability goals that have to be fulfilled by 2050 in normative future scenarios for Sweden in a degrowth context. Two goals address ecological challenges, climate change and land use issues specifically. The other two goals address social issues and deal with participation and influence in society as well as resource security and distribution. The environmental goals will require significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use compared to today's levels. The social goals are within reach today, although the degree of fulfillment differs across different groups in society. In paper II, we review existing and suggested climate or energy targets at a global, national and local scale and search for justice perspectives or for proposals for such perspectives. We find that the justice aspect is not explicitly formulated in existing climate and energy targets and that, the community of justice i.e. the receivers of benefits or burdens, in our reviewed examples, is limited to human beings, thereby excluding all other living beings. In paper III, we assess how four different backcasting scenarios for land use in a Swedish context, all of which fulfil a climate target of zero CO2 emissions in 2060, impact on other sustainability goals. We conduct a goal conflict analysis between the chosen climate goal and the other Swedish environmental goals, the gender equity goals and the public health goal. We find that there are more potential goal conflicts in scenarios with no global climate agreement. From the results of all three papers, I then discuss several aspects that have to be taken into account when setting goals, such as the major uncertainties associated with long-term goals, the elusiveness, the normativity of goals and the need to separate goals from the means to achieve the goals.Utsläpp av växthusgaser (GHG) och andra miljöproblem, såsom förlust av biologisk mångfald, markanvändning och övergödning av sötvatten och marina kustekosystem, är stora utmaningar för mänskligheten. De planetära gränser för dessa områden har redan överskridits. Av de 16 svenska miljömålen för 2020, vars syfte är att lösa dessa ödesfrågor, bedöms bara ett – "Ett skyddande ozonskikt" – uppnås i tid. Vad gäller sociala mål på global nivå fram till 2015 – FN:s Milleniemål – har visserligen betydande framsteg gjorts på en del områden, t.ex. jämställdhet i utbildningen, men utfallet skiljer sig mellan länder och inom länder med avseende på socioekonomisk grupp och kön. Denna avhandling undersöker hur man kan ta hänsyn till både miljömässiga och sociala hållbarhetsmål som ska användas i framtidsscenarier eller som underlag till beslutsfattande. I artikel I väljs fyra hållbarhetsmål i en tvärvetenskaplig process. Målen ska uppfyllas 2050 i s.k. normativa framtidsscenarier (backcasting) för Sverige i en kontext av nedväxt eller låg tillväxt. De två första målen handlar om klimatförändringar och markanvändningsfrågor. De två andra är sociala mål och omfattar delaktighet och inflytande i samhället samt tillgång till resurser och fördelning av dessa. För att uppnå de valda miljömålen, kommer drastiska minskningar av växthusgasutsläpp (GHG) och markanvändning att behövas, jämfört med dagens situation. Båda de sociala målen är inom räckhåll i dag, även om graden av uppfyllelse skiljer sig mellan olika grupper i samhället. I artikel II genomförs en kvalitativ dokumentanalys för att samla information om befintliga och föreslagna klimat- och energimål på global, nationell och lokal nivå. Vi letar också efter rättviseperspektiv i befintliga klimat- och energimål samt förslag till sådana perspektiv i föreslagna mål i den vetenskapliga litteraturen liksom i rapporter från miljöorganisationer. En slutsats är att rättvisa inte är uttryckligen formulerat i befintliga klimat- och energimål. Vi använder en teoretisk ram för social rättvisa som skiljer mellan vem som ger och får det som fördelas, vad som fördelas (rättvisevaluta) och hur det fördelas (distributionsprinciper). Utifrån vår analys fann vi att en egalitär princip används för de flesta föreslagna målen, exempelvis för globala mål om utsläpp av växthusgaser per capita. Samtliga av de granskade målen omfattar endast rättvisa mellan människor och exkluderar därmed andra levande varelser. I artikel III analyserar vi hur fyra olika backcastingscenarier för markanvändning i ett svenskt sammanhang år 2060 påverkar andra hållbarhetsmål när ett klimatmål om noll CO2-utsläpp är uppfyllt. Med hjälp av en matris gör vi en målkonfliktanalys med de övriga svenska miljömålen, jämställdhetsmål och mål för folkhälsan med dess 11 tillhörande målområden. Analysen visar att de potentiella målkonflikterna är fler i scenarier utan globalt klimatavtal. Detta beror främst på att vissa miljöfrågor måste behandlas på global nivå, samt att minskningen i miljöpåverkan kommer att bero på åtgärder som inte bara vidtagits i Sverige utan också globalt. Utifrån dessa tre artiklar diskuterar jag sedan olika aspekter som måste beaktas vid fastställandet av mål. Eftersom hållbarhetsmål är långsiktiga och kännetecknas av en hel del osäkerhet diskuterar jag behovet av att sätta upp "försiktigt utopiska mål" (cautiously utopian goals), det vill säga mål som kan vara omöjliga att uppnå, men möjliga att närma sig. Sådana mål kan få till stånd de djupgående förändringar som krävs för en hållbar och rättvis framtid samtidigt som de är acceptabla för de intressenter som berörs. Mål är ofta otydliga vad gäller vad som ingår eller inte. Vad gäller klimatmålen, exempelvis, är det ofta otydligt huruvida utsläpp från handel är inkluderade eller ej och vilket referensår en viss utsläppsminskning baseras på. Sådana avgränsningar bör synliggöras och helst diskuteras med avseende på hur de kan påverka till exempel andra länders utsläppsminskningar. Det finns också ett behov att skilja mål från medel för att uppnå målen, eftersom det gör det möjligt att formulera mål som kan uppnås på olika sätt. Ekonomisk tillväxt ses ofta som ett mål i sig, såsom i FN:s nya hållbarhetsmål (SDGs). Tillväxt borde dock betraktas som ett rent verktyg för att uppnå egentliga mål rörande, exempelvis, välbefinnande. Mål är också normativa och återspeglar både olika kulturella och etiska perspektiv på vad en god hälso- och sjukvård eller bostadsstandard bör vara. De underliggande värdena bör därför också synliggöras och ifrågasättas. Både inter- och intragenerationella rättviseperspektiv bör göras mer konkreta och tydliga så att sådana frågor kan följas upp. En bra start kan vara att förutom ett territoriellt perspektiv börja använda ett konsumtionsperspektiv vid upprättandet av klimat-eller markanvändningsmål, då effekten av vår konsumtion på andra länders miljö och hälsa har ökat under de senaste årtiondena.
QC 20160901
Beyond GDP Growth
24
Brown, Adam. "Social aspects of communication in Parkinson's disease." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10108.
Анотація:
Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological condition which affects motor control, in almost all cases involving speech, and is frequently of many years duration. Much is known about speech production but less of the psychosocial consequences of the speech impairment (dysarthria). Accounts of people with dysarthria have shown that its impact on quality of social participation can be varied and profound. However, level of participation has not been investigated. Reduction in social activity and social networks has been found following onset of other neurogenic communication disorders. In Parkinson's disease there is some evidence of social activity reduction but this has not been studied in relation to severity of dysarthria. Social anxiety has been found to be raised in speakers with other speech production impairments and this may be a contributor to reduction in social engagement. Investigation of social variables is of importance in understanding relationships within a biopsychosocial model of health which underpins intervention for therapies for communication disorders. Aims The study aimed to investigate the impact of dysarthria on social participation and whether presence of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD) resulted in changes to social anxiety, social networks and social activity. It further sought to investigate whether severity of dysarthria resulted in changes to the same variables. Method A group of 43 mild-moderately dysarthric speakers with PD were recruited. Exclusion criteria were applied to control for cognitive impairment, depression, apathy, movement disability and co-occurring neurological and communication impairment. A group of 30 non-neurologically impaired participants were recruited matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status and educational attainment. Participants with PD were further grouped using measures of sentence intelligibility and motor speech impairment into higher and lower functioning groups. All participants completed a social anxiety questionnaire, a social activity checklist and detailed their social network. Group data were compared to address the research questions. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with all participants to explore change to social life and perceptions of causes of change. Results Participants reported a range of changes to interaction and social engagement arising from speech and other impairments and also from intra and interpersonal contextual factors. Quantitative data showed that presence of dysarthria was associated with social anxiety and avoidance but not changes to social activity level or social network size. Greater severity of dysarthria was associated with deterioration in social activities and social network. There was wide individual variation on these variables. Outcomes Impact of dysarthria may be significant and unrelated to severity of impairment and satisfaction with level of activity is low in dysarthric speakers. Mild - moderately dysarthric speakers with PD may experience social anxiety in particular types of social situation. Moderately dysarthric speakers may experience loss of social capital in terms of quantitative changes in social networks and social activities. Motor speech impairment was a better predictor of social functioning than intelligibility in this sample. It is possible that a threshold for change lies at a more severe level of speech involvement. How speakers with PD perceive and experience their social interactions is discussed and limitations to the research are considered. The implications of the findings are discussed in relation to the ICF framework and the concept of social capital.
25
Belaunde, Plenge Walther. "Social Responsibility Expenses: Tax Aspects to Consider." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118609.
Анотація:
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a way of doing business that assumes a more active role in relation to everyone involved in such activity and to anyone who could be affected in anyway by it. Thus, the corporation becomes an agent who must adopt principles and policies for all of its activities, not only to prevent negative consequences but also to obtain larger benefits for its workers, shareholders, neighbors, community, among others.This paper analyses if the expenses on CSR are tax deductible for Income Tax purposes, focusing mainly in what is referred to as social and environmental expenses, which are the ones that demand the most resources.La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) es una forma de realizar actividades empresariales asumiendo un rol más activo en relación a todos aquellos que forman parte de dicha actividad y de aquellos que pueden verse afectados de otra manera por las mismas. Así la empresa pasa a ser un actor que debe adoptar principios y políticas que acompañen a todas sus actividades no sólo para que no tengan consecuencias adversas, sino para que las mismas tengan mayores beneficios para sus trabajadores, accionistas, vecinos, comunidad, entre otros.En el artículo se analiza si los Gastos de responsabilidad social son deducibles para fines del Impuesto a la Renta, enfocándonos principalmente en los denominados gastos sociales y ambientales que son los que mayores recursos demandan.
26
Kavanagh, Christopher. "Individual pains and social gains : the personal and social consequences of collective dysphoric rituals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e2e0f4de-ccf1-4962-87fe-4d7fa48faf75.
Анотація:
This thesis presents the results of a multi-method exploration of the effects of collective dysphoric rituals on self-identification, group affiliation, and prosocial behaviour. Findings are presented from a worldwide sample of martial artists, student participants in artificial ritual experiments, and observers and performers of Shinto firewalking festivals in Japan. The thesis tests recent predictions of the Modes of Religiosity theory in regards to the psychological processes that underpin shared dysphoric rituals and various costly signalling theories concerning the group orientated consequences of participating in extreme ritual events. The results from the studies raise questions with the broader generalisability of recent findings linking collective dysphoric rituals and inclusive self- identification and urge for a more nuanced appraisal of associations with prosocial behaviour. Furthermore, the role of subjective positive assessment of dysphoric experiences is shown to be a topic that has been unduly overlooked and preliminary evidence is provided for a potential relationship with identity fusion. Methodologically the thesis presents a series of novel artificial ritual studies that offer initial evidence in support of shared dysphoria's ability to enhance cooperation and promote positive ingroup association.
27
Eisemann, Martin. "Psychosocial aspects of depressive disorders." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 1985. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101299.
Анотація:
The objective of this study was to elucidate the possible importance of factors from the social environment for the development of depression. As a theoretical framework, Engel's biopsychosocial model (Engel, 1980), based on systems theory, has been applied. Proceeding from the single individual (characterized by experience, personality, behaviour) as the highest level of the organismic hierarchy the following system levels have been taken into account: dyads, family, community, culture-subculture. The depressive patients (n=lll) showed to be living in a narrowed social network and to lack confiding relationships compared with a non-psychiatric control sample (n=98). The personality characteristics (e.g. anxiety, detachment, suspicion) of the patients were related to experienced loneliness, contact difficulties, social network features and leisure activities. By means of a discriminant analysis 83% of the subjects could be correctly classified. In a study of perceived parental rearing, depressives showed to have experienced lack of emotional warmth. As regards social class an overrepresentation of social class III in the subgroups of unipolar, bipolar and unspecified depression was observed. Finally, implications for treatment are discussed in favour of a combination of drug and cognitive psychotherapy. Future research strategies are also suggested.Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1985, härtill 8 uppsatser.
digitalisering@umu
28
Ronsse, Jean-Michel. "Le transfert d'image ou l'appréhension de l'effet de la communication publicitaire sur les comportements." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213231.
29
Ronsse, Jean-Michel. "Média société et communication." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213308.
30
Sekudu, Johannah. "Abortion : a social work study." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28535.
31
Buch, Wes. "Anorexia nervosa and social network." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28588.
Анотація:
Aspects of the social networks of anorexic (N=34) and non-anorexic (N=35) women were examined according to hypotheses derived from social network theory and research and from the literature pertaining to anorexia nervosa. The nature of the social network was discussed from the perspective of Pattison's (1977a) psychodynamic psychosocial systems theory. Subjects were compared on selected social network variables using the Pattison Psychosocial Inventory (PPI). The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) and the Family Environment Scale (FES) were used to investigate the contribution of certain personality and environmental variables to social network variation. Statistical analyses of the difference between means were tested using the Hotelling's T² procedure followed by univariate t-tests. Analyses of proportions were performed using z-tests. The Bonferroni inequality was employed in order to reduce the probability of Type I error when determining the statistical significance of the univariate t-tests and z-tests.
The null hypothesis was accepted for the majority of the results. Only one social network variable, total network size, significantly differentiated anorexic and control subjects, although several other variables were approaching statistical significance. Various contrasting explanations of the results were discussed. For example, it is possible that anorexia nervosa is not a homogeneous or singular nosological entity and does not inevitably result in predictable and largely invariant social impairment. It was proposed that recent typologies of anorexia nervosa may yield significant between-group variation in social network variables. Furthermore, social networks may vary with the degree of severity and/or chronicity of the anorexic condition.
The correlational analyses produced several statistically significant results. Regarding environmental (FES) variables, both cohesion and independence were positively correlated with support from family network members. Contrary to hypotheses, however, interpersonal effectiveness (CPI) achieved only weak
and non-significant correlations with social network size and support.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
32
Lawrenson, Ilean. "Anthropologizing musical performance, the quest for a rapprochement of classical music production and practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ42167.pdf.
33
Bennertz, Rafael 1984. "Completa ai ... com alcool! : o fechamento da controversia sobre combustivel automotivo brasileiro." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286871.
Анотація:
Orientador: Lea Maria Leme Strini VelhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo geral contribuir para a compreensão do desenvolvimento da tecnologia do uso do álcool combustível no Brasil. Para tanto apresenta, no primeiro capítulo, uma extensa revisão teórica sobre os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia, ênfase especial é dada à algumas das principais abordagens teóricas da Sociologia da Ciência e da Tecnologia. São discutidas: a Escola de Edimburgo, o Programa Empírico do Relativismo e os Estudos de Laboratório. São destacadas ainda algumas abordagens Sociológicas e Históricas sobre a Tecnologia, tais como a Construção Social da Tecnologia, os estudos sobre a emergência dos Sistemas Tecnológicos, e a Teoria Atore-rede (TAR). Guiado pelas propostas da TAR, e sustentado por dados primários, como entrevistas, e secundários como documentos, revistas, fotos e estudos específicos sobre o caso do Proálcool, o segundo capítulo descreve o caso do desenvolvimento da tecnologia de uso do álcool combustível. Neste sentido, apresenta as tentativas históricas de substituição da gasolina por álcool no Brasil, evidencia que já existiam controvérsias sobre o uso da gasolina ou do álcool e aponta a crise do petróleo de 1973 como a força propulsora que deu novas forças às tentativas de substituição da gasolina como combustível para automóveis particulares. Na seqüência, é problematizada a existência de alternativas ao uso do petróleo como, por exemplo, a possibilidade de uso de outras formas de transporte. Tendo estas reflexões por base, a pesquisa busca seguir os cientistas e os técnicos nas suas atividades estratégicas de promoção do álcool combustível enquanto objeto capaz de encerrar as controvérsias relativas ao combustível a ser utilizado no Brasil da década de 1970. O segundo capítulo se encerra com uma breve reflexão sobre como o referencial analítico ajudou a compreender a construção deste coletivo habitado por objetos técnicos e sociais. O texto conclui com uma síntese do trabalho, retomando os objetivos específicos, que foram trabalhados em cada capítulo, desenha conclusões a partir da análise do caso com base no referencial teórico e aponta para recomendações e possibilidade de aprofundamento da pesquisa.
Abstract: This dissertation has as objective to contribute to the understanding of the development of the technology for alcohol fuel consumption in Brazil. To do so it presents, in the first chapter, an extensive revision about the Social Studies of Science and Technology, a special emphasis is given on the comprehension of some school of thoughts in the sociology of science and Technology. Those are The Edinburg School, The Empirical Program of Relativism and The Laboratory Studies. Some approaches from the sociology and the history of technology as The Social Construction of Technology, Large Technological Systems and Actor-Network Theory (ANT) are emphasized as well. Under the guidance of ANT and with support from primary data as interviews, as well as from secondary data like documents, magazines, pictures and specific studies about the Proálcool case the second chapter describes the case of the development of the technology of alcohol fuel consumption. In doing so it presents the historical attempts to replace gas for alcohol fuel in Brazil, highlights the existence of controversies about the usage of gas or alcohol fuel and points the global petrol crises in 1973 as the main driving force which brought new energy to the attempts to the replacement of Gas as fuel for privately owned automobiles. In the sequence, the existence of alternatives to the usage of petro-fuel like the possibility to use other means of transportation is issued. Based on these conjectures the research tries to follow the scientists and technicians at their strategic activities to promote alcohol fuel as an object capable of closing the controversies about which fuel should be used in Brazil in the 1970's. The second chapter finishes with a brief consideration about how the analytical frame work helped to understand the construction of this collectivity populated by technical and social objects. The text concludes with a synthesis of the work, reassesses the precise objectives from each chapter, draws some conclusions from the case study and offers some hints on how to extend the research.
Mestrado
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
34
Piccolo, Lara Schibelsky Godoy 1977. "Motivational aspects in the design of technology for social changes = Aspectos motivacionais no design de tecnologia para mudanças sociais." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275540.
Анотація:
Orientador: Maria Cecília Calani BaranauskasTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
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Resumo: Conectando pessoas e presente em todos os aspectos da vida, quando projetadas para este fim, as tecnologias têm potencial de influenciar a forma com que pessoas em um grupo social percebem e se relacionam com as coisas no ambiente. Este estudo de doutorado em Interação Humano-Computador (IHC) investiga como elementos motivacionais da Psicologia podem ser aplicados para informar o design, explo- rando esse potencial da tecnologia em promover mudanças sociais. O estudo é instanciado no domínio de consumo de energia elétrica, lidando com o desafio contemporâneo de cons- cientizar a sociedade dos limites naturais do planeta no que diz respeito ao uso de recursos naturais. Informar o design com aspectos motivacionais é uma abordagem recente em IHC. Quando encontrada na literatura, comumente tem foco em aspectos individuais e intrín- secos da motivação. Contudo, como argumentado nessa pesquisa, o contexto sociocultural evidencia a importância de considerar também os fatores externos que motivam as pessoas a se engajarem com uma tecnologia e com uma determinada questão social. Por considerar tanto fontes intrínsecas quanto extrínsecas de motivação, a Teoria da Autodeterminação é então considerada o principal referencial teórico da Psicologia nessa investigação, e a Semiótica Organizacional é a base metodológica para analisar os elemen- tos socioculturais que influenciam a motivação extrínseca. A análise situada dos dados socioculturais por uma perspectiva motivacional levou ao design da Tecnologia Socialmente Informada para Eco-Feedback de Energia (sigla SEET, em inglês), uma arquitetura que tem por objetivo estabelecer um novo padrão de com- portamento, ou uma nova maneira de perceber o consumo de energia coletivamente. O SEET é composto por um sistema interativo que promove colaboração, e pela Árvore da Energia, um dispositivo de feedback tangível para locais onde há encontro de pessoas. O SEET é avaliado em dois cenários complementares: uma Escola de Ensino Funda- mental no Brasil, onde os dados socioculturais foram coletados, analisados e aplicados para informar o design; e no contexto de um departamento de uma universidade no Reino Unido. Aspectos motivacionais da arquitetura do SEET são então analisadas, assim como o impacto dessa tecnologia ao desencadear as esperadas mudanças sociais
Abstract: By connecting people and being present in almost all aspects of life, when properly de- signed for that, technology can potentially influence the way people in a social group perceive and relate with things in their environment. This PhD study in the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) field investigates how motivational elements from Psychology can be applied to inform the design aiming at exploring this potential of technology for promoting a social change. The study is in- stantiated in the energy consumption domain, coping with the contemporary challenge of raising awareness among the society of the planet¿s natural resources usage and limits. Informing the design with motivational aspects is a recent approach in HCI. When found in literature, it is mostly focused on individual and intrinsic aspects of motivation. However, as argued in this research, the sociocultural context evidences the importance of considering also the external factors that motivate people to be engaged with technology and the social issue. By taking into account both intrinsic and extrinsic sources of motivation, the Self- Determination Theory is then considered the main theoretical background from Psychol- ogy in this investigation, and the Organisational Semiotics the methodological basis to analyse sociocultural elements that influence extrinsic motivation. The situated analysis of sociocultural data with motivational lenses has led to the de- sign of a Socially-informed Energy Eco-feedback Technology (SEET), an architecture that aims at establishing a "new pattern of behaviour", or a new way of perceiving collective energy consumption. The SEET is composed by an interactive system that promotes collaboration and The Energy Tree, a tangible and public feedback device for gathering places. The SEET is evaluated in two complementary scenarios: an elementary school in Brazil, where the sociocultural data was collected, analysed and applied to inform design; and in the context of an university department in the United Kingdom. Motivational as- pects of the SEET architecture are then analysed, as well as the impact of this technology to trigger the desired social change
Doutorado
Ciência da Computação
Doutora em Ciência da Computação
35
Penn, Simon Andrew Christopher. "Social and economic aspects of fourteenth century Bristol." Thesis, University of Bolton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.731703.
36
Dubois, Mikael. "Prevention and social insurance : conceptual and ethical aspects /." Stockholm : Department of Philosophy and the Histoty of Technology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4277.
37
Clark, Kim Julie. "Aspects of social alienation in Benjamin Constant's 'Adolphe'." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394087.
38
Lloyd, Michael. "Aspects of the social organisation of "male infertility"." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6527.
Анотація:
This dissertation revolves around three main elements: 'male infertility'; existing social science research on infertility; and ethno methodology. The substantive topic 'male infertility' is enclosed in quotation marks for two reasons. First, following the overall form of ethno methodological inquiry, the aim is to explicate how the sense and order of 'male infertility' is constituted through available socially organised procedures; hence, the quotation marks are used to 'bracket' the phenomenon and focus on the methods that make it available. Second, 'male infertility' is a convenient shorthand topic label, a general organising concept, as opposed to a precise label for a tightly defined phenomenon.
While this study's approach makes it very different to existing sociological studies of infertility, the difference is not to the extent of isolation - a strong attempt is made to engage with prior studies. Often this engagement takes a critical form, the general argument being that sociological studies which approach phenomena for the way they 'bear the marks' of societal structures, will ignore the incarnate orderliness of social action - that is, the way social action is readily explicable to members, in and as it occurs, using the resources at-hand, with 'no time-out'. Ethno methodology suggests that this ready explicability is based upon taken-for-granted, socially organised sense-assembly practices - thus, this study's argument that the content, the intelligibility of 'male infertility is interdependent with the social scenes and embedded socially organised procedures, with and within which 'male infertility' is found. Form and content stand or fall together. Consistent with this viewpoint, four empirical analyses of the social organisation of 'male infertility' are offered. The specific topics discussed are: the conversational disclosure of infertility; the language of reproduction; humour and infertility; and high rates of non-response by men in studies of infertility.
In general, the empirical analyses are 'indifferent' to the topic of study, that is, there is no overriding aim of offering practical correctives or broader socio-political critique. However, in at least one empirical chapter a more critical stand is taken, and, in the concluding chapter, it is argued that an ethno methodological descriptivist approach can have socio-political implications. Overall, the study supports the growing trend for ethno methodological insights to be utilised in the study of substantive topics; and, since the dissertation is a form of writing 'anew', it can be considered to minimally change 'male infertility' as a form of life.
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Philippon, Axelle Christine Irêne. "Social, cognitive and methodological aspects in earwitness identification." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439179.
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Tsapos, Christos L. "Passive solar building performance : energy and social aspects." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368062.
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Breed, C. Kathleen. "Fear, censure and crime : social aspects of modernity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272390.
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Коблянська, Інна Ігорівна, Инна Игоревна Коблянская, and Inna Ihorivna Koblianska. "Economical, ecological and social aspects of logistics activities." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8232.
Анотація:
Nowadays, logistics is a fast developing management practice. Current tendencies of logistics activities, such as outsourcing, integration of suppliers, manufactures and distributors into unit value chain promote achieving a significant economical effect.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8232
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Hulevskaya, Nataliya. "Economic, social and political aspects of sustainable tourism." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8280.
Анотація:
The definition of sustainable tourism was given in 1988 by World Trade Organization (WTO). Sustainable tourism satisfies present needs of the tourists and destinations by protecting and increasing opportunities for the future. Management of all resources should be carried out in such way, that satisfaction of economic, social and aesthetic needs provide preservation of cultural values, essential ecological processes, biological variety and system of life-support. The output of sustainable tourism is the production, which exists in the consent with local environment, community and culture in such a manner that it is of benefit, instead of damage to tourism development.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8280
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Glass, Thomas Westbrook. "Essays on the distributional aspects of Social Security /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Kotsidis, Vasileios. "Aspects of pro-social behaviour : theory and experiments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51676/.
Анотація:
Chapter 1 introduces the work, providing an overview of the common themes underlying the research and outlining the focus and approach particular to each project. Chapter 2 proposes a game-theoretic model that shows how moral preferences can emerge endogenously to promote material outcomes and traces their relationships with the fundamentals of the environment. The analysis indicates that the instilling of moral values can act as a commitment mechanism that counteracts the detrimental effects of behavioural biases. The greater the effect of such biases on the agents’ decisions (and, thus, payoffs), the more expanded the scope for morality. The study in chapter 3 tests the performance of a leading account of social preferences, namely the model of inequality aversion proposed by Fehr and Schmidt (1999), in tracking behaviour. It does so through an appropriately designed experiment. The aim is to evaluate if the account can consistently anticipate people’s behaviour. The results suggest that the model performs well only with respect to people that exhibit either very high or very low aversion to advantageous payoff inequality. The study in chapter 4 repeats the exercise reported in chapter 3, this time with respect to an account of social preferences that builds on the idea of social norm compliance, in particular, the one proposed by Krupka and Weber (2013). The aim is again to evaluate if the model performs well in consistently tracking people’s behaviour. The results do not offer much support for the explanatory power of the model. The individuals that exhibit the least concern about adhering to social norms and are choosing the payoff-maximising options are the only ones the actions of whom match the model’s predictions. Chapter 5 summarises the findings of this thesis and concludes.
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Baccin, Giulia Alessandra <1991>. "The Bolivian water wars: social and economic aspects." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8727.
Анотація:
My research covers the story of the water wars in Bolivia. Water is a natural monopoly and it expects very high costs for infrastructures technologies, indeed its market cannot be competitive. Bolivia is a country in which Indigenous heritage is still strong in language and other aspects of everyday life. The commonest water management system in the Andes region among the Aymara and Quechua was that of “Communal Waters”. It originated in the Incan period, and was organized considering the intensity of rain and the needs of every family, based on equity and reciprocity. Bolivia confronts the two cultures of water: western and indigenous. The management of water, until 1999 in the hands of SEMAPA, was privatized and entrusted to the American Multinational Bechtel. It was investing to modernize the water network and drainage system and to extend it to the favelas. The loans were guaranteed by the World Bank and as there was no money in the public fund, the tariffs would sustain the reimbursement of the loan, but it was unaffordable by the majority of Bolivians. Soon people rose against the water privatization. In January 2000, a strike paralyzed the country in the name of the right to water; the government reacted harshly, imposing the martial law. The multinational was sent away and the administration belonged to the people. Soon people realized that the problem was not Bechtel or the law on privatization, it had to do with social conflicts, ethnic and economic that are Bolivian. In 2009 the Bolivian changed their constitution, which now proclaims that water is a human right and bans its privatization. Under Morales government the Water Ministry was created in 2006, to integrate the functions of water supply and sanitation.
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Feltrin, Rebeca Buzzo 1984. "O processo de construção social da tecnologia : o caso do projeto habitacional Jardim dos Lirios." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286848.
Анотація:
Orientador: Lea Maria Leme Strini VelhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T03:21:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Feltrin_RebecaBuzzo_M.pdf: 4845623 bytes, checksum: f354966366370256b3d090849bf8ff0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Os programas habitacionais brasileiros, embora apresentem facilidades às famílias de baixa renda, tendem a excluir os futuros moradores da participação nas decisões sobre sua própria casa. O projeto da casa popular ou ¿habitação social¿ apresenta uma arquitetura padrão e fechada que não leva em consideração as necessidades individuais das famílias moradoras, gerando frustrações com relação ao produto final. Os futuros moradores, excluídos da fase de elaboração do desenho de suas casas, acabam encarando uma segunda luta pela moradia adequada: a adaptação da casa padrão de forma a transformá-la em uma moradia que realmente atenda às necessidades de sua família. No entanto, o processo de transformação das casas populares passa a ser uma batalha individual para essas famílias, sem o apoio do Estado. O presente trabalho analisa o processo de planejamento, negociação, construção e transformação de casas populares em um Projeto Habitacional brasileiro, destacando a participação das famílias mutirantes ¿ futuros moradores ¿ nesses processos. Utiliza-se o referencial teórico do Construtivismo Social da Tecnologia, com destaque para as relações entre gêneros. Desta forma, alguns aspectos foram observados, como: os grupos sociais relevantes, os conflitos de interesses entre os grupos, a influência dos moradores no processo de decisão e implementação dos acordos entre grupos, fechamento das situações de conflito, além da participação das mulheres na construção física e social das casas populares. A análise se baseia, principalmente, na observação direta da atuação do grupo de moradores e representantes da Prefeitura durante reuniões para discussão dos rumos do Projeto Habitacional no bairro Jardim dos Lírios, em Americana/SP. Algumas entrevistas com os principais atores envolvidos no caso estudado contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. A organização dos futuros moradores ¿ em especial das mulheres ¿ com o objetivo de criar estratégias para influenciar o processo de desenvolvimento do artefato, conquistando alterações no desenho inicial das casas tem-se mostrado um grande avanço na busca por projetos habitacionais mais participativos e democráticos
Abstract: Although the Brazilian housing programs presents some facilities to low-income families, they tend to exclude future residents from the participation in the decision-making process about their own houses. The ¿social housing¿ project presents a standard and closed design, which does not take into consideration the residents¿ needs and life styles.The tenants, after receiving the standard houses, have to struggle again, by rebuilding and transforming the received units, in order to achieve what they consider as adequate housing. At this stage, however, the process of transformation of the popular houses becomes an individual battle for these families, without State support. The present work analyzes the process of planning, negotiation, construction and transformation of popular houses in a Brazilian Housing Project, with a special focus on the participation of the future residents in these processes. The research is undertaken in line with the framework of the social construction of technology (SCOT). As such, it is concerned with the social process of building of popular houses in a Brazilian Housing Project, identifying all relevant social groups involved, their interests and views about the final artefact (the house unit), as well as their strategies to shape the artefact. The analysis has also identified situations of conflict among social actors, negotiation processes and agreements reached. Special attention was given to the women¿s role in the whole process. The analysis is based, mainly, on direct observation of the performance of the participants during the meetings between the group of future residents and representatives of the City Hall. Interviews with key actors in the housing project contributed to the development of the research. The organization of the group of residents - in special of the women - to influence the construction process and to search alterations in the initial design of the house has proved to be a new and successful route to more participative and democratic housing projects
Mestrado
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
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Lin, Tao. "Personal social networks, neighborhood social environments and activity-travel behavior." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/224.
Анотація:
Rapidly rising levels of car ownership in newly developed economies and increasing travel demand worldwide over the past several decades have intensified the negative externalities of transportation, such as traffic congestion and air pollution. To develop policies that mitigate these problems through managing and controlling travel demand, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of individuals’ activity-travel behavior. A considerable amount of research has been conducted around the impact of the built environment on travel behavior. As well, over the past decade, the social contexts of travel have gradually been recognized as important explanatory factors of activity-travel behavior. Thus, the link between social contexts and activity-travel behavior has become a much discussed research topic recently. This study aims to contribute to this growing literature by investigating three important but under-explored areas related to the connection between social contexts and activity-travel behavior: 1) how social network attributes influence the choice of companions for conducting daily activities and travel; 2) how personal social networks and neighborhood social environments influence activity location choices and time use; and 3) how the dynamics of social networks and changes in residential social environments induce activity-travel behavior changes as a result of home relocation. This study adopts a longitudinal design and uses both cross-sectional data and longitudinal panel data. Multivariate modelling approaches including Structure Equation Modelling (SEM), multilevel logistic regression and a doubly censored Tobit model are employed. Findings from this study show that social network variables are significant determinants in explaining individuals’ engagements in joint/solo activities/travel and choices of companions for joint activities. Social network attributes and neighborhood social environments are also found to significantly influence individuals’ choices between in- and out-of-neighborhood locations for activities and time use. The study also demonstrates that changes in travel after residential relocation are induced by changes both in the built and social environments as well as the geography of social networks. These findings contribute to the knowledge about the social contexts of activity-travel behavior.
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Vigier, Adrien. "Essays on economic and social networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609482.
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Kolly-Foroush, Maryam. "Le Quartier en action, ou les marges d'une jeunesse dite d'origine immigrée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209774.