Дисертації з теми "SOAE"

Die Modulation von Distorsionsprodukt-Otoemissionen (DPOAE) durch Töne tiefer Frequenz ist ein Methode, mit der die Auswirkung von Verlagerungen der kochleären Trennwand auf die Funktion des kochleären Verstärkers untersucht werden kann. Damit bietet sie einen neuen objektiven Ansatz zur Diagnostik unterschiedlicher kochleärer Hörstörungen sowie zur Untersuchung physiologischer Mechanismen der Kochlea. Durch einen tieffrequenten Ton (f = 32,8 Hz) werden die DPOAE in Abhängigkeit von dessen Phase periodisch verändert. Die Ausprägung der Modulation hängt von den Parametern des Tieftons und der Primärtöne (mit den Frequenzen f1 und f2) ab. Bei zwölf normalhörenden Probanden wird der Einfluß des Tieftonpegels, der Primärtonpegel und der Primärtonfrequenzen auf die Modulation der DPOAE mit der Frequenz 2f1-f2 untersucht. Die Ergebnisse dieser Methode werden mit denen der subjektiven Phasenaudiometrie bei diesen Probanden verglichen. Mit den Primärtonfrequenzen f1 = 2,5 und f2 = 3 kHz steigt die mittlere Modulationstiefe der DPOAE mit zunehmendem Tieftonpegel sowie mit abnehmenden Primärtonpegeln nichtlinear. Mit hohem Tieftonpegel (L = 115 dB SPL) und geringen Primärtonpegeln (bis zu L1 = 50 und L2 = 30 dB HL) sind DPOAE-Pegelverläufe mit zwei Minima und zwei Maxima pro Tieftonperiode zu beobachten. Die Pegelminima liegen kurz nach der maximalen Druck- bzw. Sogphase des Tieftons vor dem Trommelfell, entsprechend der maximalen Auslenkung der kochleären Trennwand in Richtung Scala vestibuli bzw. Scala tympani. Sie zeigen eine mittlere Latenz von 4 ms gegenüber den Verdeckungsmaxima der subjektiven Mithörschwelle im Phasenaudiogramm, die wahrscheinlich durch die Summe der Antwortzeit der aktiven kochleären Prozesse und der Laufzeit der DPOAE-Signale retrograd aus der Kochlea zur Meßsonde im äußeren Gehörgang zustande kommt. Mit geringeren Tieftonpegeln (L = 110 dB SPL) bzw. höheren Primärtonpegeln (ab L1 = 55 und L2 = 40 dB HL) sowie höheren Primärtonfrequenzen (f1 = 4, f2 = 4,8 kHz) sind nur noch jeweils ein DPOAE-Pegelminimum und -maximum pro Tieftonperiode zu beobachten. Mit den Primärtonfrequenzen f1 = 5 und f2 = 6 kHz zeigt sich keine Modulation der DPOAE mehr. Die Ergebnisse werden unter Verwendung einer Boltzmannfunktion zweiter Ordnung als Annäherung an die mechano-elektrische Transferfunktion äußerer Haarzellen simuliert. Bei einigen Probanden werden außerdem die Modulation der DPOAE mit der Frequenz 3f1-2f2 durch den tieffrequenten Ton sowie der Einfluß spontaner otoakustischer Emissionen (SOAE) auf die Messung tieftonmodulierter DPOAE untersucht.
Low-frequency modulation of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) is a method which allows to investigate the effect of the displacement of the cochlear partition on the function of the active cochlear process. It offers a new objective approach to diagnose different sensory hearing disorders as well as to investigate physiological cochlear mechanisms. The DPOAE are modulated by a low-frequency tone (with the frequency f = 32,8 Hz), depending on its phase. The extent of this modulation depends on the acoustic parameters of the suppressing low-frequency tone and the stimulating primary tones (f1 and f2). In twelve normal hearing subjects the influence of the low-frequency tone level, the levels and the frequencies of the primary tones on the modulation of the DPOAE with the frequency 2f1-f2 are investigated. In these subjects, the phase-dependent masked subjective threshold is also registered. The results of both methods are compared. With the primary tone frequencies f1 = 2,5 and f2 = 3 kHz the mean value of the DPOAE modulation depth presents a nonlinear growth with increasing low-frequency tone level and decreasing primary tone levels, respectively. With high low-frequency tone level (L = 115 dB SPL) and low primary tone levels (up to L1 = 55 and L2 = 40 dB HL), the time course of the DPOAE level shows two minima and two maxima within one period of the low-frequency tone. The minimal DPOAE levels are registered shortly after the phases of maximal condensation and rarefaction of the low-frequency tone in front of the eardrum, respectively, corresponding to the largest displacement of the cochlear partition towards the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli. The time course of the DPOAE level shows a mean latency of 4 ms with regard to the masking patterns of the phase-dependent masked threshold, due to the response time of the active cochlear process and the retrograde travelling time of the DPOAE. With lower low-frequency tone levels (L1 = 110 dB SPL), higher primary tone levels (from L1 = 55, L2 = 40 dB HL), and higher primary tone frequencies (f1 = 4, f2 = 4,8 kHz), respectively, the DPOAE level presents only one maximum and one minimum per period of the low-frequency tone. With the primary frequencies f1 = 5 and f2 = 6 kHz no modulation of the DPOAE is registered. The results are simulated using a second-order Boltzmann function as an approximation of the mechano-electric transfer function of the outer hair cells. Additionally, in some subjects the low-frequency modulation of the DPOAE with the frequency 3f1-2f2 and the influence of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAE) on the registration of low-frequency modulated DPOAE are investigated.

One of the most crucial decisions when developing a system based on Service Oriented Architecture is to select an appropriate server which will be the ground for building the application. Similar to databases, an application server has significant influence on efficiency, stability, and security of entire system. During the preparation of architecture for system development one has to decide which available application server would be optimal for hosting and maintaining v Web Services in the given case. There are multiple significant criteria that lead to the proper choice. The impact on a decision among other things is type of the physical machine on which the application server is installed, estimated number of simultaneous clients, and sizes of requests and responses between clients and server. The goal for this thesis is to conduct the comparative analysis of the most commonly used application servers using Service Oriented Architecture and to determine which server should be applied in which particular cases. Performance and load tests will be conducted using SoapUI application.

This thesis describes the development of a SOA-based architecture for integrating large EDI-using manufacturing companies purchasing processes with smaller non-EDI capable manufacturing companies, using online services.

The underlying need for this project lies with the fact that these small manufacturing companies risk to miss out on business, due to their inability to communicate via the industry standard EDI format. At the same time, getting EDI-capable involves significant investments in software licenses, connectivity services and consulting or training that these small companies may not be ready to make. The mentor company of this thesis project, System Andersson, produces resource planning software for this type of companies and would like to be able to provide them with an easy to use way of “jacking in” EDI support into their businesses, without having to make such significant investments. Ideally this feature would be developed as a standalone subscription based service that could be provided to users in such a way that their existing System Andersson software could connect to it and no further hard- or software would be needed on site. This EDI-enabling should be as easy as to be entirely transparent for the end-user companies. The task handed to the author was thus to develop an architecture for how such a subscription based service could be developed. Furthermore, in order to promote re-use and simplify development, the architecture was to be based on SOA concepts.

As a result of the project, such an architecture has been developed. The architecture details two services for translating and storing for later delivery a number of EDI message types of the EDIFACT variety. The architecture also specifies communications protocols (SOAP over HTTPS and AS2 over HTTPS) and APIs (web services) for how to communicate with these services. These specifications can be used to implement a system that performs the necessary integration, so that the smaller companies may indeed communicate via EDI.

The fitness of the developed architecture has been tested by implementing a prototype version of such a system based on it. It has also been validated by way of comparing to how well it adheres to SOA design principles. All in all, this design appears to be quite sound and presents a working solution to the studied problem.

The diploma thesis describes the analysis, specification, origin and transformation of the current editing system N.E.S.P.I, which is the intellectual property of the company WebRex s.r.o. The main aim is to separate the administration of the web sites from their content, which can be seen on the Internet and by doing so to achieve the unified and complex administration interface for the customers. By bringing the service into work we do not only save time and simplify the work of the programmers, but we are also able to reach the stage when the editing system is not only the intellectual property of the company, but also its physical property, because the customer owns only the web sites, but the possibility to administrative them is offered as further service. The service should also provide the customers with modern access to informational technologies and propose enhanced assistance for their entrepreneurial plans and ideals.

Das Ziel der Diplomarbeit bestand darin eine Testumgebung zur Orchestrierung von Geo Web Services aufzubauen. Dabei diente die Diplomarbeit "Orchestrierung von Web Services" von Jäger/Weidenhagen als Grundlage. Um ein Verständnis für dieses Gebiet zu bekommen, werden zu Beginn die Grundlagen betrachtet. Rechtliche Aspekte zum Thema Orchestrierung werden angegeben, um die Wichtigkeit des Themas zu unterstreichen. Eingängige Standards wie SOAP und WSDL werden in ihren Kernpunkten erläutert. Insbesondere bei SOAP wird näher darauf eingegangen. Neben den OWS besteht auch die Möglichkeit Geo-Datenbanken in Diensteketten einfließen zu lassen. Dafür werden exemplarisch Dienste aufgesetzt, die dies ermöglichen. Weiterhin werden die Benutzerschnittstellen von Web Services (und auch Diensteketten) untersucht. Die Option eines Clients mittels Scriptsprachen wird beschrieben. Dabei erwies sich PHP am geeignetsten. Auf diese Weise kann für jede Dienstekette eine dynamische Webseite gestaltet werden, die eine graphische Schnittstelle für den Nutzer bietet.

La presente tesi di laurea magistrale ha analizzato nel dettaglio gli aspetti produttivi sottostanti alla realizzazione della fiction più longeva della televisione italiana: Un Posto al Sole (1996-in corso). Il lavoro è stato diviso in tre capitoli, il primo dei quali ha riguardato le prime trasmissioni radiofoniche e televisive che hanno sviluppato il genere soap opera, descrivendone poi la storia e le caratteristiche. Il secondo capitolo è stato dedicato alle soap opera di produzione italiana, con la loro distribuzione e la loro evoluzione, per introdurre correttamente l’ultima parte, cioè il fulcro della tesi. Nel terzo capitolo infatti sono stati esaminati nel dettaglio tutti gli aspetti produttivi di Un Posto al Sole: ideazione, scrittura, location, casting, costumi, riprese, post-produzione e distribuzione, concludendo infine con l’analisi dei dati Auditel, degli investimenti pubblicitari e dei riconoscimenti ottenuti. Lo scopo finale della tesi si considera raggiunto, in quanto tendente a dimostrare che una produzione tutta italiana può consolidarsi nella qualità e nel favore del pubblico, contando sulla creatività e sull’impegno di un intero staff e riscuotendo un gradimento paritario in tutte le regioni italiane, benchè ambientata in una sola città, Napoli.

Das Ziel der Diplomarbeit bestand darin eine Testumgebung zur Orchestrierung von Geo Web Services aufzubauen. Dabei diente die Diplomarbeit "Orchestrierung von Web Services" von Jäger/Weidenhagen als Grundlage. Um ein Verständnis für dieses Gebiet zu bekommen, werden zu Beginn die Grundlagen betrachtet. Rechtliche Aspekte zum Thema Orchestrierung werden angegeben, um die Wichtigkeit des Themas zu unterstreichen. Eingängige Standards wie SOAP und WSDL werden in ihren Kernpunkten erläutert. Insbesondere bei SOAP wird näher darauf eingegangen. Neben den OWS besteht auch die Möglichkeit Geo-Datenbanken in Diensteketten einfließen zu lassen. Dafür werden exemplarisch Dienste aufgesetzt, die dies ermöglichen. Weiterhin werden die Benutzerschnittstellen von Web Services (und auch Diensteketten) untersucht. Die Option eines Clients mittels Scriptsprachen wird beschrieben. Dabei erwies sich PHP am geeignetsten. Auf diese Weise kann für jede Dienstekette eine dynamische Webseite gestaltet werden, die eine graphische Schnittstelle für den Nutzer bietet.

The PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor language (PHP) has evolved to a sophisticated mainstream programming language for rapid development of significant Web applications at major sites including Facebook.com, Wikipedia.org and Yahoo.com. Leading software vendors such as Oracle and IBM are rushing in providing tools that bridge their products to PHP. However, we have observed a gap in facilitating PHP to utilize Web services efficiently. This thesis reports our efforts in design and implementation of PHP applications that consume Web services. In doing so, I have proposed a framework facilitating PHP programs to utilize Web services with high performance capability. In addition, a number of Web service standards including WS-Addressing and those in WS-Security are integrated into my PHP implementation. Examples of using various Amazon Web Services are provided with details.

This thesis focuses on design of document exchange solution used between Stavební spořitelna České spořitelny a.s. (SSČS) and its external sales network, which is outdated and doesn't meet the needs of SSČS or sales network. The thesis also includes the identification of suitable basic principles used in the service-oriented architecture (SOA) concept and their application in design solutions. The aim of the thesis is a conceptual solution design, based on the principles of SOA and the following technological design of changes in existing environment, so that on this basis could be created a functional and technical specification for suppliers of these applications. Stated objective is achieved through an initial analysis of the current environment, which identifies the possibilities of existing applications, and identifies weaknesses in the process that will be changed in the new solution. The analysis covers as the environment of external sales network as the related environment in SSČS, which together figure in the process of documentation exchange. As the results of the analysis and based on theoretical knowledge and consultation with experts in the field of SOA is then formulated a proposed solution at the conceptual level, which is further elaborated in the description of the proposed changes in individual components of the new solution. The outputs of this thesis will serve SSČS both in terms of describing the existing and the new environment, and as an input for the specifications of the proposed amendments to the supplier concerned applications. Structure of the thesis consists of introduction, devoted to the characterization of SSČS and providing an initial framework for solved domain. This is followed by a description and the analysis of external sales network, particularly in terms of application equipment and communication flows, followed by a description of the environment in SSČS, which contains the components processing sent documents. Next part of thesis is devoted to the formulation of the basic concepts of SOA and selection of appropriate principles that are followed in the subsequent section to draft the solution itself, first at the conceptual level, followed by a detailed description of the necessary changes. Everything is then evaluated in the final part.

L’amplification optique large bande à base de SOA est devenue indispensable pour la montée en débit des systèmes de transmissions optiques et pour pouvoir exploiter au mieux la bande optique des fibres optiques. Ce travail présente une étude théorique et expérimentale d’un SOA large bande passante développé par Alcatel Thales III-V Lab dans le cadre des projets ANR AROME et UltraWIDE. Dans cette thèse, nous avons d’abord effectué une modélisation semi-phénoménologique du gain matériau et du coefficient de gain d’une structure à base de multi-puits quantiques avec un nombre réduit de paramètres. L’intégration de notre modèle dans un modèle de SOA déjà développé au laboratoire a montré son efficacité pour restituer quantitativement le comportement statiques (gain, facteur de bruit) des nouvelles structures SOA large bande sur une large plage de longueurs d’onde (> 110 nm), de courants d’alimentation et de puissances optiques. A l’aide de ce modèle, nous avons étudié l’influence de la structure du SOA sur la bande passante pour un gain cible en jouant sur la longueur, le nombre d’électrode et le courant d’alimentation du SOA. Nous avons mis en évidence qu’une structure bi-électrodes n’apportait pas d’amélioration de la bande passante optimisée par rapport au cas mono-électrode. En revanche, la structure bi-électrode permet d’optimiser la puissance de saturation et le facteur de bruit du SOA, sans sacrifier ni le gain maximal ni la bande passante optique. Nous avons aussi montré que, pour ce type de composants, une augmentation de la puissance optique injectée pouvait être compensée par une augmentation du courant d’alimentation pour maintenir une large bande passante optique. Nous avons également mis en place deux techniques d’élargissement de la bande passante optique de SOA à large bande. La première technique est fondée sur le filtrage en réflexion spectralement sélectif (ESOA). Le dispositif expérimental a permis d’amplifier simultanément 8 canaux CWDM dans une bande passante (définie à −1 dB) de 140 nm. La deuxième technique, basée sur un amplificateur hybride Raman-SOA, a fourni une bande passante optique (définie à −1 dB) de 89 nm avec un gain de 17 dB. Nous avons ainsi pu réaliser une transmission simultanée de 5 canaux CWDM allant jusqu’à 10 Gb/s sur 100 km
SOA-based optical amplification became crucial for increasing optical system capacity and to benefit from the broad bandwidth of optical fibers. In this work we present both theoretical and experimental studies for a new broadband SOA developed by Alcatel Thales III-V lab in the framework of AROME and UltraWIDE ANR projects.We developed firstly a semi-phenomenological model for both the material gain and the gain coefficient of a multi-quantum well -based SOA structure with a reduced set of parameters. This material gain model has been integrated in an existing SOA model and proved its performance in reproducing steady state behavior of this new broadband SOA (gain and noise figure) for a wide range of wavelengths, input powers and bias currents. Thanks to this model, we studied the influence of the SOA geometrical structure on the optical bandwidth for a given target gain, by varying length, number of electrodes and bias current. We showed that two-electrode SOA structures do not provide any improvement of the bandwidth compared to the one-electrode case. However, the two-electrode structure allows the optimization of both the SOA saturation power and the noise figure, without sacrificing neither the maximum gain nor the optical bandwidth. We have also shown that for this kind of component, an increase in the injected optical power could be compensated by an increase in the supply current to maintain a wide optical bandwidth.We have also investigated two techniques to widen the optical bandwidth of our broadband SOA. The first one is based on a modification of the SOA structure by introducing a selective reflection filter (ESOA). Its experimental implementation allowed the amplification of an 8-CWDM-channel comb in a bandwidth (defined at -1 dB) of 140 nm. The second one, based on a hybrid Raman-SOA amplifier, provided an optical bandwidth (defined at -1 dB) of 89 nm with a gain of 17 dB. With this last technique, we were able to achieve a 5-CWDM-channel comb transmission up to 10 Gb/s over 100 km

This project deals with testing of web services. The result of this work will be a tool for load testing of web services using fault injection in their communication. The first part of the project discusses the basic aspects of testing web services. The second part of the work is more focused on testing high loads in combination with fault injection. The tool will allow automated run of the tests. The distributed model of the tool was designed to simulate real loads. In the last chapter are summarized achieved results.

Viena iš labiausiai išplitusių žiniatinklio paslaugų technologijų – SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) servisai, yra pakankamai sudėtingi ir neefektyvūs. Vis dažniau naudojamos įvairios šių servisų alternatyvos. Viena tokių alternatyvų yra REST (Representational state transfer) architektūros principų taikymas žiniatinklio paslaugų kūrimui. Šio tipo paslaugas yra paprasta realizuoti ir jos yra efektyvesnės nei SOAP variantas. Be to, jų kūrimo metodas remiasi gerai žinomomis ir senai žiniatinklyje nusistovėjusiomis koncepcijomis. Šiame magistriniame darbe atliktas REST architektūros principų tyrimas ir taikymas, darbo metu sukurtos, daugiavartotojiškos pozicionavimo sistemos kontekste. Aprašytos šios sistemos teikiamos galimybės, struktūra ir įgyvendinimo ypatumai. Tai pat, pateikti šios sistemos kontekste atlikto SOAP ir REST servisų efektyvumo eksperimento rezultatai.
One of the most known web service technologies today – SOAP Web services, is fairly complicated and inefficient. Other SOAP Web service alternatives become more and more popular. One of these alternatives is REST style architecture application in web service implementations. This type of web services is much simpler and efficient than SOAP Web services. Furthermore, it is based on well-established web concepts. This work describes analysis and implementation of REST style architecture in created multi-user position tracking system. Document provides detailed description of implemented position tracking system possibilities, structure and implementation peculiarity. Finally, experimental proof is given about SOAP and REST service implementations efficiency in this system.

Service-oriented architecture (SOA) governance has been identified as the most important factor affecting the outcome of SOA within organisations. However, authors have failed to explain how organisations should govern specific aspects of its SOA, leaving a gap in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate established SOA governance mechanisms in order to explain implications of governance in a SOA context. The research question of the study was to identify which SOA governance mechanisms do or do not provide support for different constituents of SOA. The study also contained three sub-questions; (i) Is there a difference between how SOA governance mechanisms support technical vs. non technical constituents of SOA? (ii) Is there any SOA governance mechanism that is more important than others? (iii) Is there a relation between the SOA governance mechanisms?   The study was conducted using theories related to SOA and SOA governance. We identified the most academically accepted SOA governance mechanisms to test their support for different constituents of SOA. To get an holistic view of SOA, we used a SOA maturity framework to identify what the constituents of SOA really are. The support of the SOA governance mechanisms were then studied in relation to the different constituents of SOA, through interviews and observations, during a ten week internship at Scania.   The results showed that as good as every SOA governance mechanism supports the constituents of SOA, although the level of support varied. In general, we found patterns separating the support for technological and non-technological constituents of SOA. The technological constituents of SOA were to a great extent provided the same support from SOA governance mechanisms, which also was true for the non-technological constituents of SOA. Interestingly, except for one SOA governance mechanism, the technological constituents of SOA and the non-technological obtained different levels of support from governance. The most important SOA governance mechanisms are the creation of standards and policies, having processes to create and enforce policies, processes for education, and establishing SOA skills and training. We can also conclude that there is a relationship between many of the SOA governance mechanisms, and that academics and practitioners therefore have to view SOA governance holistically, rather than independent governance mechanisms.

La vie privée et sa protection sont aujourd'hui largement discutées. Membres de la société civile, juristes ou encore techniciens, nous sommes tous appelés à nous emparer d'une notion que l'on nous présente à la fois comme menacée, désuète ou appartenant à nos libertés fondamentales. Aujourd'hui, les controverses autour de la protection de la vie privée ont pour origine des usages techniques. L'informatisation des fichiers étatiques et les possibilités accrues de surveillance issues des innovations en informatique et, plus récemment, les « usages sociaux » des outils numériques comme les « réseaux sociaux », provoquent de vives réactions. Pourtant, le recours à cette notion, notamment pour protéger les libertés individuelles, est-il complètement satisfaisant alors que, d'une part, les outils à l'origine de sa mise en question suscitent un large engouement, et que, d'autre part, ses contours sont mal définis? Nous adoptons, pour répondre à cette question, une position interdisciplinaire. D'une part, nous enquêtons d'un point de vue philosophique sur la « condition numérique » contemporaine afin d'en saisir les enjeux. Ce faisant, nous établissons que les outils numériques remettent en cause la notion de « frontiére ». Nous montrons simultanément que la possibilité d'une existence séparée est nécessaire pour constituer une subjectivité propre. Se pose alors la question de la mise en pratique d'une telle existence. Nous nous éloignons des approches déontologiques et utilitaristes qui guident actuellement la conception et l'évaluation des outils numériques pour leur préférer une approche fondée sur « l'éthique du souci de soi ». Cette approche nous conduit à établir que le code informatique constitue la structure de la condition numérique et qu'il s'agit de prendre en compte, dés la conception d'une application un ensemble de propriétés, comme la protection de la vie privée. Nous cherchons dans un second temps à aider les concepteurs d'applications à concevoir au mieux et à réaliser des applications qui permettent de protéger la vie privée des utilisateurs et des possesseurs des données. Notre domaine d'application est l'approche orientée services qui est aujourd'hui un largement utilisée. Nous nous concentrons sur son utilisation pour la réalisation d'applications à partir de compositions de services dynamiques et hétérogènes. Nous cherchons à protéger la vie privée à l'aide du contrôle d'accès. Pour ce faire, nous proposons de configurer les propriétés de contrôle d'accès des services au moyen d'une démarche dirigée par les modèles divisée en deux étapes. Au niveau conception, la composition et la politique de contrôle d'accès à un niveau abstrait sont spécifiées par des experts dédiés. Nous estimons que le contrôle d'accès doit être pris en compte dés la conception de l'application afin d'éviter le recours à la programmation manuelle. En rester à un niveau abstrait permet de s'adapter à l'état de la composition et à l'hétérogénéité et au dynamisme des services. Au niveau exécution, notre architecture permet de configurer les services concrets au moyen de proxies responsables de l'exécution du contrôle d'accès. Des transformations de modèles vers textes automatisées permettent de passer d'un niveau à l'autre afin de s'abstraire de la programmation manuelle et de garantir la protection des services concrets par les proxies. Notre approche a été validée par la réalisation d'un prototype et son utilisation sur un cas d'application
Privacy is hot topic. Lawyers, technicians and plain people are all concerned by this notion. Nowadays, most discussions focus on the effects of digital tools, such as social media or surveillance software. However, privacy is still ill-defined. Moreover, digital tools which endanger privacy are widely used. Should not we leave privacy aside and accept that we are, maybe more than ever, visible ?In this doctoral thesis, I address this question from a twofold viewpoint. I first inquire into the nature of our digital condition from a philosophical standpoint. I claim that digital artifacts rework the implementation of our frontiers, be them geographical or social. However, I contend that such frontiers are necessary. As I show that code defines the structure and the effects of digital tools, I point out that properties such as privacy management should be addressed right from the conception of software applications.Helping out designers to address such properties is the second issue I tackle. I focus on Service-Oriented Computing as it is a widely used paradigm. Most speci- fically, I deal with the composition of heterogenous and dynamic services. I define access control as an efficient mechanism to protect privacy and I propose a twofold generative approach to secure services compositions. The composition and its access control policies are separately defined at an abstract level. An expert is responsible for each of them. As we promote an abstract description of the application, we free the designer from technical complexity. At runtime, we propose an architecture which selects and protects the actual services by hiding them behind proxies which run the access control policy. Automated model transformations permit to generate the application from its specification. We thus bypass manual programming. We have implemented a modeling and execution environment and applied our approach to a use case in order to validate our work

La biologie de la reproduction de la sole en milieu naturel est abordee par des methodes ultra-structurales, biochimiques et immunologiques. La dynamique cellulaire de l'elaboration des reserves vitellines est etudiee au cours de l'ovogenese. La synthese de vitellogenine dans les hepatocytes est mise en evidence pour la premiere fois chez les poissons. Leur approche morpho-fonctionnelle des structures intervenant dans la regulation neuroendocrine de la reproduction est realisee. Le gnrh cerebral est mis en evidence et quantifie dans le cerveau et l'hypophyse dont l'organisation est prealablement decrite

Šio darbo tikslas – sukurti informacine sistema (IS), kuri atvaizduotų B2B transakcijas realizuojant BTP protokolą. IS yra palyginti jauna žinių sritis, jai šiek tiek daugiau nei 50 metų, tačiau be šiuolaikinių IS sunku įsivaizduoti šiandieninę įmonę. Pastaruoju metu IS sparčiai plinta, jos poreikiai vis labiau didėja: vykdomas nuotolinis mokymas, organizuojamas nuotolinis darbas (teledarbas), sparčiai plečiasi elektroninė prekyba, daug dėmesio skiriama medicinai, naujas galimybes žada elektroninės bibliotekos. Šis atliktas darbas apima daugelį paminėtų sričių, nes realizuojami duomenų mainai tarp IS nepriklausomai nuo įmonės dalykinės srities. Daugelyje įmonių duomenys kaupiami duomenų bazėse ar duomenų centruose, todėl norint realizuoti duomen�� mainus tarp IS programuotojams reikia įdėti nemažai pastangų, kad galėtų realizuoti duomenų mainus tarp paskirstytų sistemų ar duomenų bazių, juolab, kad vienos verslo įmonės duomenų gali nepakakti siekiant įgyti konkurencinį pranašumą. Šiame darbe atliktas duomenų apsikeitimo supaprastinimas, kuris leidžia atlikti duomenų mainus vienus metu tarp neriboto skaičiaus verslo įmonių vienu metu realizuojant visiems žinomą OASIS konsorciumo sukurtą BTP protokolą. Duomenų mainai vykdomi užklausiant verslo dalyvius standartinėmis SQL užklausomis, tokiu būdu šių duomenų prašantiems asmenims galima pateikti duomenis nepriklausomai nuo naudojamos duomenų bazės. Siekiant įgyvendinti sistemos išplečiamumą, duomenys yra pateikiami standartiniu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
This work aim is to create information systems (IS), which can implement B2B transaction by using the Business Transaction Protocol (BTP). IS has only 50 years history, but without IS we can’t imagine modern business company. Now computers are usable in most leading edge areas and theirs needs and power always grows. We use its in distance learning, organizing distance work (work-net), expeditiously developing electronic business, appointing a lot off attention to modernize medicine, new possibilities for electronic libraries. This work can be used in all mentioned regions implementing data exchange among computers regardless their actions in business. Many companies store data in database or data centers, so if we want to realize exchange data among computer – our programmers have to avail a lot of energy and workforce to realize exchange from remote systems or databases, especially, if some services and data are in different databases. This work can realize data exchange simplification, which executes data exchange from unlimited numbers of business companies. It uses well-known BTP protocol from OASIS consortium to exchange data. All needed data we get from business participants using standard SQL queries. Thus people which are asking for data – in this work we can offer to get data from different databases platforms. To access system in different programming languages, data are implemented into standard SOAP1.1 protocol - where they will be transported in XML document... [to full text]

Les équipements électroniques envahissent progressivement l'univers quotidien. D'aucuns souhaiteraient que ces équipements puissent intelligemment réagir à l'activité de l'utilisateur afin de l'assister dans ces activités de tous les jours. Le domaine de l'Informatique Pervasive adresse la vision de ce monde naturellement numérique assistant les individus sans être intrusif. Face aux défis de l'Informatique Pervasive dans les réseaux locaux, notamment la distribution, l'hétérogénéité et la dynamique des équipements, cette thèse répond par une ligne de conduite et l'approche logicielle Home SOA. Cette ligne de conduite distingue les situations où les solutions protocolaires sont pertinentes et ramène les autres situations à des problèmes de génie logiciel. Parmi les solutions protocolaires, la proposition d'une interface uniforme de gestion de cycle de vie logiciel dans le Comité de Travail UPnP Device Management est une des contributions importantes. Le Home SOA est l'association de technologies de développement modulaire et d'un ensemble de patrons de conception orientés objets. Au-delà de l'orientation objet, le Home SOA exploite les modèles récents de composants à services et le concept de plateforme de services. Les pilotes orientés service masquent les aspects distribués tout en réifiant la dynamique des entités pervasives sur la plateforme. Les pilotes raffinés adaptent les objets mandataires dans des interfaces à la sémantique du domaine d'application visé. La contextualisation des services de la plateforme alliée à une automatisation de la sélection de service achève de simplifier le développement d'applications pervasives. Le cadriciel est implémenté au-dessus de la plateforme OSGi et est validé par la réalisation d'applications conscientes du contexte et mixant des domaines d'applications distincts dans le réseau domestique
Pervasive Computing aims at filling our environment with communication devices in order to assist us in our daily activities without our explicit intervention. Indeed, in the near future, human beings will engage interactions with a number of smart devices, faded in into the environment, without being aware of their location or their precise nature and without going through complex, specific interfaces. Addressing Pervasive Computing challenges in local networks such as device distribution, heterogeneity and dynamicity, this thesis exposes a conduct line and a software approach named Home SOA. This conduct line distinguishes the situations where protocol-based solutions are relevant and turn the other situations into Software Engineering problems. Among the protocol-based solutions, the proposition of a uniform protocol interface for software lifecycle management in the UPnP Device Management Working Committee is one of the major contributions. The Home SOA promotes a set of object-oriented design patterns above modular software platform technologies. Beyond the object orientation, the Home SOA makes benefit of recent service component models and the service platform concept. Distribution is hidden by service-oriented drivers while network dynamicity is locally reified on the platform. Distributed objects are turned by refined drivers into interfaces semantically close to the targeted application domain. Service contextualization and service selection automation reach the objective of simplifying the development or pervasive applications. The proposed framework is implemented on the OSGi platform and is validated by the realization of context-aware applications mixing distinct application domains in the Home network

Wood consists not only of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose but also of so called extractives which includes fats and acids and these components are separated in the mill from the black liquor. These extractives are in the mill denoted as tall oil soap. Tall oil has a large field of applications like chemicals and fuel and as it is produced to the atmosphere if it can replace oil and thus reduce the oil consumption. Tall oil soap is separated from the black liquor in a skimmer and the focus of this thesis was to examine the effect of air injection and the soap layer thickness on the soap separation efficiency in a skimmer. The work was focused on in analyzing the soap content of the inlet and outlet black liquor flow of the skimmer and to detect if an enhancement has been achieved with the two mentioned methods. The reason for the pulp mill to improve the soap separation efficiency was to decrease the risk of foaming and fouling in the evaporator but also to be able to increase the production of tall oil. The air injection gave a 41% improvement of the soap separation efficiency and further improvements are probably possible to achieve. The air injection flow was about 7 l air /m3 liquor in the black liquor feed. The airflow lowers the density of soap, creating a greater difference in density between soap and black liquor and this improves the separation efficiency. A thicker soap layer could increase the likelihood for soap drops to raise and reach the soap-liquor interface, because the soap drops have the tendency to bind with each other and will be separated from the liquor instead of following with the skimmed liquor outlet (fig. i.2). However, this study shows no indication of improvement with thicknesses that exceeds 0,75- 3,5 m which also endanger the skimmer due to overflow from the skimmer or create a short circuit between the in- and the outlet black liquor flow.

Ce travail est une étude de synthèse s'inscrivant dans le cadre de l'histoire des techniques. Nous situons en parallèle les industries de la soie française et chinoise ainsi que les sociétés et les cultures construites autour d'elles de la fin du XVIIIe au début du XXe siècle. La confrontation des documents en langues occidentales et orientales offre différents points de vue pour reconstituer l'histoire de ces industries, leurs relations commerciales ainsi que les échanges techniques et de styles. La première partie traite des industries des deux pays au XVIIIe, ainsi que de leurs premiers contacts. La seconde concentre sur l'évolution de cette industrie en France, de la fin du XVIIIe au milieu du XIXe siècle où, malgré les contacts perdus, s'approfondissaient les études sur les documents chinois recueillis au siècle précédent. La troisième partie aborde l'introduction des techniques européennes et l'évolution des techniques en Chine, du milieu du XIXe au début du XXe siècle
This thesis studies the interaction between the French and the Chinese silk industries during the period between the 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The reconstruction of this history is based on the different perspectives reflected in the historical documents in both Western and Oriental languages, which concerned with the commercial relations and the technical and stylistic exchanges between the two industries. The first part deals with these two silk industries during the 18th century and the second part is concerned with the evolution of the French silk industry from the end of the 18th to the mid-19th century. During this period, even though the contacts between the two industries became minimal, the study of the Chinese silk technology continued in France, based on the Chinese documents in France. The third part tackles the introduction of European techniques to China during the period between the mid-19th century and the beginning of the 20th century

Background and aims: The population of older people in our society is increasing. Agerelated changes in the skin results in a diminished perception of pain and pressure and a decreased microcirculation in the skin affects its ability to adapt to injury. Occurrence of pressure sore on geriatrikal clinics are 5-10%, witch means that between five and ten thousand patients gets daily treat for pressure sores. When the patient gets a pressure sore the need for help increases. A common apprehension is that if the patient’s affects with pressure sores it’s because of deficiency in care. According to the law, all nursing interventions should be performed according to scientific and evidence and the nurse’s assistants are responsible for how they perform. The aim of this study was to examine how much knowledge the nurses assistants in community care services has about preventing, predicting and locate riskfactors for pressure sores and if they get the right education. Methods: A questionnaire based on 20 questions was maid and used for this purpose. Out of 99 persons the questionnaires was answered bye 65 nurses assistants working in community care service in a small town in Sweden. Results: The results shown that the nurses assistants don’t use risk assessment scales in attempt to identify patients vulnerable to pressure sores and they are not well associated with the riskfactors. The study even shows that they have little knowledge in how to prevent pressure sores from appearing. The nursing model are some times out of date and the nurses assistants personal view attends to decide witch care they will perform instead of scientific and evidenced based nursing.

The termotropic polymorphism of anhydrous lithium stearate (n-octadecanoate, LiCi8), lithium oleate (cis-9-octadecenoate) and an unusual semi-crystalline lithium phenylstearate (LiPS) soap mixture composed of 12 positional isomers, was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing microscopy (plus x-ray diffraction and 7Li NMR spectroscopy for the latter). Each soap exhibited a characteristic stepwise melting behaviour. In contrast to the oleate, both LiC[18] and LiPS formed high temperature liquid crystal phases (lamellar and reversed hexagonal structures respectively) directly preceding their amorphous melts. The phase behaviour of LiCi8 in the hydrocarbon solvents n-hexadecane and squalane and that of LiPS in 1-phenylheptane was investigated using DSC and microscopic and macroscopic observations in polarized light (plus x-ray diffraction and [7]Li NMR spectroscopy for the latter). Phase diagrams were constructed. The phase behaviour of each system was critically dependent upon the thermotropic polymorphism of the solvent-free soap itself. At high temperatures two distinct mesophases were formed in the LiPS-l-phenylheptane system; a solvent-swollen reversed hexagonal mesophase at low solvent concentrations and a novel reversed micellar nematic mesophase at higher solvent concentrations. No mesophase formation was observed, however, in the LiC[18]-hydrocarbon systems. The phase behaviour of LiPS with [2]H[2]O was investigated (using the experimental techniques employed for the 1-phenylheptane system plus 2H NMR spectroscopy) and a phase diagram constructed. LiPS was shown to form a single homogeneous lamellar mesophase on addition of [2]H[2]O at room temperature with a broad composition and temperature range of stability.

Les populations de poissons marins exploitées sont soumises à des pressions multiples d’origines humaines ou environnementales. L’impact de l’Homme sur ces ressources halieutiques ne se limite pas aux effets de la pêche ; la dégradation des habitats ainsi que le changement global affectent les espèces à tous les stades de leur cycle de vie. Ces effets se conjuguent à ceux de l’exploitation halieutique et perturbent la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes et des populations. Il est primordial, en vue de la restauration ou du maintien du bon état des écosystèmes en accord avec les objectifs de la directive cadre européenne « stratégie pour le milieu marin », de pouvoir appréhender ces pressions multiples et de quantifier leurs impacts respectifs sur le renouvellement des ressources marines exploitées. Plus particulièrement, dans le cas des espèces de poissons marins nourriceries-dépendantes faisant l’objet de cette thèse, les conditions hydroclimatiques déterminent la survie des premiers stades (oeufs puis larves). La qualité et la disponibilité des nourriceries vont ensuite impacter la survie des stades juvéniles, déterminant la capacité d’accueil de ces habitats essentiels, conditionnant in fine la taille maximale des populations. Enfin, la pêche cible principalement les individus adultes. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’analyser la dynamique de population de ces espèces par une approche de modélisation du cycle de vie intégrant ces différentes pressions. Les phases successives de ce travail ont largement fait appel aux outils de la modélisation Bayésienne hiérarchique, adaptés à l’intégration de modèles écologiques complexes dans une approche statistique visant à intégrer de multiples sources d’information (information a priori et données hétérogènes) en prenant en compte les différentes sources d’incertitude associées aux processus et aux données. La première partie de la thèse s’attache à analyser la relation entre la biomasse féconde et le succès du recrutement chez un ordre représentatif des espèces nourriceries-dépendantes : les pleuronectiformes (poissons plats). Une approche de métanalyse (12 espèces ; 39 populations) de la variance du succès du recrutement est mise en oeuvre. Les résultats montrent que (i) la variabilité interannuelle du recrutement est inférieure pour les poissons plats, comparativement aux principaux autres ordres de poissons exploités, (ii) chez les populations de pleuronectiformes, la variance du succès du recrutement diminue quand le niveau de biomasse féconde augmente, ce qui est en accord avec l’hypothèse d’une mortalité densité-dépendante durant la phase juvénile benthique (hypothèse de concentration). Dans une deuxième partie, en valorisant les acquis de la première partie, les connaissances et les travaux existants, nous avons développé un modèle de cycle de vie de la sole de Manche Est, dans le but de décrire la dynamique de cette population et de quantifier l'effet des différentes pressions anthropiques. Ce modèle structuré en stades successifs permet la description du cycle de vie dans son intégralité en intégrant sa composante spatiale. Cette population présente en effet une ségrégation spatiale aux différents stades de vie : diffusion limitée et rétention larvaire lors de la vie pélagique, confinement des juvéniles dans des nourriceries côtières et estuariennes, et mouvements limités des adultes. Nous comparons deux hypothèses de connectivité induite par les mouvements des adultes. La première considère qu’une fois passée la phase juvénile sur des habitats spécifiques de nourricerie, marquée par une séggrégation spatiale forte, la population adulte forme un ensemble homogène au sein de la Manche Est. Cette hypothèse correspond à celle utilisée par le groupe de travail du CIEM chargée de l’évaluation de cette population. La deuxième considère que la forte séggrégation spatiale due à la phase juvénile sur nourriceries perdure aux stades adultes sous la forme de trois composantes spatialement et démographiquemnt distinctes. Le passage d’une hypothèse à l’autre impacte fortement l’estimation des paramètres clés (e. G. Production de juvéniles par les différentes nourriceries). Considérer un fonctionnement sous la forme de trois composantes conduit à des dynamiques spécifiques pour chaque sous-composante, et renforce l’intérêt de considérer une gestion spatialisée de la ressource. Enfin, dans la troisième partie, le modèle régional développé dans la deuxième partie de la thèse est utilisé pour simuler des scénarios sur les facteurs de pressions intégrés au modèle, à savoir la mortalité par pêche sur les adultes, la quantité et la qualité des habitats juvéniles, et les conditions hydroclimatiques rencontrées par les stades larvaires. Les résultats démontrent l’impact majeur de la pêche sur les populations marines exploitées, mais mettent également en avant l’importance de la conservation/restauration des habitats de nourriceries pour les espèces nourriceries-dépendantes En revanche, la variabilité issue des conditions hydroclimatiques semble de moindre ampleur mais l’impact de la variabilité des conditions hydroclimatiques et de modifications de l’habitat est accentué quand le niveau d’exploitation de la population augmente. Au travers du cas d’étude de la population de sole de Manche Est, les travaux contribuent à la compréhension du fonctionnement des espèces nourriceries-dépendantes, et apportent une contribution en terme d’outil d’aide à la décision pour la gestion spatialisée des ressources marines exploitées dans un contexte multi-pressions
Marine fish populations are subject to various environmental and anthropic pressures, from fishing mortality to habitat degradation and global change, that impact populations at different stages of their life cycle. Improving our knowledge of the different ecological processes and a fair assessment of consequences of the environmental and anthropic pressures associated with each life history stage is required to help the sustainable management of fish populations. In the case of nursery-dependant species, hydroclimatic conditions influence the survival and the dispersal of eggs then larvae. The quality and the availabilty of nursery grounds further impact juvenile survival, determining the carrying capacity of these essential habitats and in fine the maximum size of the population. Last, fishing activities target mostly adults. This thesis ultimately aims at investigating the functioning of these nursery-dependant species through a life cycle modeling approach that integrates the different pressures in their spatial dimensions along the life cycle. The methods largely rely on hierarchical Bayesian models, which are well adapted to integrate complex ecological models within a statistical approach, accounting for various sources of information (prior knowledge and data) together with the different sources of uncertainty in the process and the observations. The first part of the thesis analyzes the relationship between the spawning biomass and the recruitment success for flatfish (Pleuronectiforms), known to concentrate in restricted nursery grounds during the juvenile stage. We propose a modeling approach which integrates two successives phases in the recruitment process: a density-independent phase corresponding to the pelagic eggs and larval stages followed by a benthic juvenile phase, where density-dependent processes occur. Using a metanalytical approach (39 populations for 12 flatfish species) centered on the analysis of the variance of this relation, we show that (i) flatfish display a lower interannual variance in the recruitment success compared to other exploited orders of marine fishes, (ii) the variance of recruitment success decreases with increasing stock level, which is consistent with the hypothesis of density-dependent process during the juvenile phase of the life cycle. In the second part of the thesis, we rely on results from the the first stage (plus expert knowledge and existing work) to develop a life cycle model for the Eastern Channel common sole which accounts for both the stage-specific pressures described previously and the spatial functioning of the population at the successives stages. The population displays a consistent spatial segregation between pool of individuals along the whole life cycle, due to the combination of (i) moderate pelagic diffusivity and larval retention, (ii) juvenile containment in nurseries, and (iii) limited adults’ movements. We compared two contrasted hypotheses about the spatial structure of the population. The first hypothesis considers that after the juvenile phase characterized by spatial segregation on specific nurseries, the adult population forms one single homogeneous pool in the Eastern Channel. This is the hypothesis used buy the ICES stock assessment Working Group. The second hypothesis considers that the spatial segregation persists after the juvenile phase, within three adults sub-components. Althought it is not possible to quantify the relative likelihood of those different hypotheses, we emphasize how changing from one hypothesis to the other impacts estimation of key population dynamics parameters. Considering these three sub-components with isolated dynamics emphasizes the importance of spatialized management scenarios. Finally, in the third part of the thesis, we rely on the model developed previously to simulate realistic scenarios on the different pressures (i. E. Hydroclimate, habitat, fishing) in order to quantify their respective and/or combined effects (e. G. Climate and fishing pressure). Results emphasize the importance of nursery habitat availability and quality for these species. Realistic restoration scenarios of the Seine estuary lead up to an increase in biomass and catch potential. Fishing however remains the main source of population depletion and adapting fishing mortality to MSY levels leads to substantial increases in biomass and catches. We also show how hydroclimatic conditions are susceptible to interact with these two “manageable” pressures, e. G. Overfishing increase the sensitivity to unfavorable hydroclimatic conditions. Overall, the thesis provides insights towards the understanding of the population dynamics of nursery-dependent species, and provides a substantial contribution to develop tools to evaluate the performance of spatialized management scenarios in a multi-pressures context

La soie est un biopolymère synthétisé par certains arthropodes. Cette fibre est constituée de protéines arrangées en une microstructure semi-cristalline et possède d'intéressantes propriétés mécaniques. L'axe principal de ce travail de thèse concerne la compréhension du processus de formation de la fibre de soie. La soie de Bombyx mori a été choisi comme modèle. Sa protéine, nommée Fibroïne, a été utilisée pour produire une fibre dans une cellule microfluidique construite pour mimer l'appareil de filage du ver à soie. Le processus de formation de la soie a été suivi par des techniques de diffusion des rayons X (SAXS et WAXS) et par spectroscopie Raman. Elle débute par une étape d'agrégation. La taille des agrégats est de l'ordre de 100 nm. Dans ces particules, la Fibroïne est sous une forme compactée. Cette agrégation est suivie d'une phase de compaction des agrégats. Plus tard, à une échelle de temps de quelques heures, la Fibroïne subit une transition conformationnelle depuis une structure principalement amorphe (Silk I) vers la structure caractéristique de la soie naturelle (Silk II). Ce processus est proposé comme un modèle de la formation de la fibre de soie in vivo. Le second axe de ce travail est orienté vers la connaissance des propriétés physiques de la soie naturelle de B. Mori. Sa résistance aux hautes températures est étudiée d'un point de vue structural, moléculaire et mécanique. L'effet des hautes pressions sur la structure de la fibre de soie est aussi présentée
Silk is a biopolymer spun by several arthropods. This fibre is made of protein arranged in a semi-crystalline microstructure and has remarkable mechanical properties. The main axis of this thesis work concerns the comprehension of silk fibre formation. Bombyx mori silk has been used as a model. The protein component of B. Mori silk, named Fibroin, has been spun into a fibre in a microfluidic device designed to mimic the silkworm spinning apparatus. The silk formation process has been followed by synchrotron radiation scattering (SAXS and WAXS) and Raman spectroscopy. It starts with an aggregation phase. The size of aggregates is around 100 nm. Inside these particles, the Fibroin is compacted. This aggregation is followed by a phase of compaction of the aggregates. Later, within a few hours, the Fibroin undergoes a conformational transition from a mainly amorphous structure (Silk I) to the semi-crystalline structure characteristic of the natural fibre (Silk II). This process is proposed as a possible model of silk formation in vivo. The second axis of this work is dedicated to the investigation of the physical properties of natural B. Mori silk. Its resistance to high temperature is studied from a molecular, structural and mechanical point of view. The semi-crystalline structure of the fibre remains stable up to carbonization although its mechanical properties and the Fibroin's integrity are affected at lower temperature. The effect of high pressure on the fibre structure is also presented : throughout the pressure increase, the crystallites can compact slightly before their disorganization

Thesis deals with creation of web service which provides information about cultural events. In the beginning of thesis, there is the most relevant theory which mostly focuses on technological part of the theme. The practical part of the thesis is connected with the web service, which shows usage of knowledge gained during creation of theoretical part. There are two additional web applications. One of them is used to create and manage a user of web service and provide him im-portant information. Author calls such web application a Portal. The last one is consumer of the web service.

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) provides a standards-based conceptual framework for flexible and adaptive systems and has become widely used in the recent years because of it. The number of legacy systems has already been migrated to this platform. As there are still many systems under consideration of such migration, we found it relevant to share the existing experience of SOA migration and highlight challenges that companies meet while adopting SOA. As not all of these migrations were successful, we also look into factors that have influence on the success of SOA projects. The research is based on two methods: a literature review and a survey. The results of the thesis include identification and quantitative analysis of the challenges and success factors of SOA projects. We also compare the survey results for different samples (based on the company industry, work area, size, and respondents experience with SOA and respondents job positions). In total, 13 SOA challenges and 18 SOA success factors were identified, analyzed and discussed in this thesis. Based on the survey results, there are three SOA challenges received the highest importance scores: “Communicating SOA Vision”, “Focus on business perspective, and not only IT perspective” and “SOA Governance”. The highest scored SOA success factor is “Business Process of Company”. While comparing different samples of the survey results, the most obvious differences are identified between the results received from people with development related job positions and people with business related job positions, and the results from companies of different sizes.

Magistrinis darbas turi išspręsti problemas iškylančias norint sujungti WSDL servisus veikiančius SOAP protokolu. Problemai išspręsti sukurta programinė įranga, kuri naudojant XSLT tranformacijas suvienodina servisų struktūras, pateikia vartotojui servisų projektavimo įrankį ir rezultate gražina programinį kodą.
This work is trying to solve the WSDL services mapping problem. To solve the problem was chosen develop the new system, because there is no such a decision that has been made or is currently under construction. The system will have a graphical user interface that will be generated by the WSDL description. The main requirement is that a developed system can generate the programing code by combining several existing e-service SOAP protocols.

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Neste trabalho, foram investigados e analisados conceitos fundamentais da metodologia de BPM (Business Process Modeling) através de sua notação BPMN (Business Process Modelling Notation), bem como o desenvolvimento de software por meio da UML (Unified Modeling Language), ambas atreladas à arquitetura SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture), com o objetivo de integrar as áreas de desenvolvimento de software e de gestão de empresas, a fim de possibilitar uma visão macro dos processos. Optou-se por analisar BPM, pois sua metodologia garante uma prática de desenvolvimento rápido do sistema, tornando-o flexível, e permite a sua reutilização, com uso de tecnologias legadas, pois empresas conseguem alcançar um maior controle dos processos de negócio. Já a UML possibilita a padronização na modelagem de software e, assim como BPM, com possível integração com SOA. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer a apresentação dos diversos cenários verificados a partir de um amplo levantamento da literatura que trata dessa integração. Dessa maneira, foi realizada uma comparação quantitativa e qualitativa dos cenários encontrados, a fim de definir qual é a melhor possibilidade de integração para uma empresa. Tudo isso para assegurar a interoperabilidade entre diferentes entidades, agregando valor e reduzindo custos de manutenção para as empresas. Através de descritores selecionados, foi feita uma busca em bases de dados específicas para levantar trabalhos publicados sobre a integração BPM-SOA e UML-SOA. Esse levantamento permitiu observar distintos cenários de integração, além das vantagens, desvantagens e problemas mencionados por seus autores. A finalidade é compreender quais os principais entraves relacionados à integração e implementação de BPM-SOA e UML-SOA que seja capaz de comprovar, quantitativa e qualitativamente, as integrações e apontar qual a melhor possibilidade.
In this study, we investigated and analyzed the fundamental concepts of BPM methodology (Business Process Modeling) through its BPMN notation (Business Process Modelling Notation) and software development through the UML (Unified Modeling Language), both linked to architecture SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) with the aim of integrating the software development areas and business management, in order to provide a macro view of the processes. We chose to analyze BPM, because its methodology ensures a practice of rapid system development, making it flexible, and allows reuse, using legacy technologies, as companies can achieve greater control of business processes. Already the UML allows for standardization in software modeling and, as BPM, with possible integration with SOA. The aim of this study is to make the presentation of the various scenarios checked from a broad survey of the literature dealing with this integration. Thus, a quantitative and qualitative comparison of the scenarios found was carried out in order to define what is the best possibility of integration for a company. All this to ensure interoperability between different entities, adding value and reducing maintenance costs for companies. Through selected keywords, a search was made in specific databases for up papers on the integration BPM-SOA and UML-SOA. This survey allowed to observe different integration scenarios, beyond the advantages, disadvantages and problems mentioned by the authors. The purpose is to understand what the main obstacles related to the integration and implementation of BPM-SOA and SOA-UML to be able to prove quantitatively and qualitatively, the integrations and point out what the best possibility.

Les protéines fibreuses (kératine, élastine, collagène, fibroïne…) représentent 1/3 des protéinesconstitutives des mammifères et des oiseaux. Ce sont des protéines qui ont une fonction de protection et/oumécanique. La soie apparait comme le système le plus « simple » car elle est principalement constituée demotifs de répétition à base d’alanine et de glycine, deux petits acides aminés. Certaines soies présentent despropriétés mécaniques comparables ou supérieures à celles des fibres synthétiques et seraient susceptiblesd’être de nouveau largement utilisées dans des applications techniques (par exemple biomédicales) si lavariabilité de leurs propriétés était maîtrisée. Ce travail porte sur la structure des soies grèges ou décreuséesde Bombyx mori (ver à soie domestique), de Nephila madagascariensis (araignée sauvage, fibre sansenveloppe de séricine), de Bombyx mori génétiquement modifié (incluant un gène de Nephila) et sur unesoie recombinante 4RepCT (Escherichia coli). La soie est analysée par spectrométrie Raman (et IRTF) ettraction uni-axiale, ainsi que par le couplage de ces méthodes. L’analyse de la région des bas nombresd’onde en spectroscopie Raman a permis de caractériser des régions ordonnées de 2 à 3 μm de long etdistantes d’environ 60 μm. Il s’agit de la première mise en évidence d’une hétérogénéité de structure de lasoie. Le couplage avec la traction uni-axiale montre une sollicitation de ces régions ordonnées sousdéformation, suggérant une organisation de la soie selon le modèle de Prevorsek, c’est à dire qu’une mêmechaîne macromoléculaire appartient à la fois à des régions amorphes et à des régions ordonnées. L’étudestatistique des propriétés mécaniques de la soie de ver et d’araignée montre une grande distribution, maisune bonne stabilité dans le temps (dizaines d’années). La modification génétique ne procure pasd’amélioration des propriétés mécaniques de la fibre, seulement une légère diminution de la variabilité.Diverses stratégies sont mises en oeuvre pour tenter d’échapper à cette variabilité : production bactérienne,solubilisation de la soie et régénération sous forme de films. Le rôle de l’eau lors de la biosynthèse de lasoie, ainsi que l’effet de divers paramètres (filtration, pH, séchage…) lors de la préparation des films ont étéétudiés. Nous avons pu confirmer que la présence d’agrégats de protéines favorise l’organisation dans lesfilms et 2 types de films ont donc été préparés. Les films les plus amorphes présentent les propriétésmécaniques les plus intéressantes, même si elles n’atteignent de quelques % de celles des fibres. Lafabrication de composites à matrice de soie régénérée renforcée par des fibres de soie permet d’augmenterla résistance et la déformation à rupture. Ces premiers résultats sont encourageants pour le développementde matériaux composites fibres de soie/matrice de soie régénérée
Fibrous proteins (keratin, elastin, collagen, fibroin ...) make up to one third of the proteins ofmammals and birds. They are structural proteins with a protective and/or mechanical function. Silk appearsto be the ‘simplest’ model because it mainly consists of two small amino acids residues (alanine andglycine). Some silks have comparable or superior mechanical properties compared to those of syntheticfibres and could be used in technical applications (e.g. biomedical) if the variability of their properties canbe controlled. This work focuses on the structure of silks from: Bombyx mori (domestic silkworm)degummed or not, Nephila madagascariensis (wild spider, no sericin coating), GM Bombyx mori (includinga gene of Nephila) a recombinant spider silk 4RepCT (Escherichia Coli). Silk is analyzed by Ramanspectroscopy (and FTIR), uni-axial tensile testing, and also by the coupling of these methods. The analysisof the low wavenumbers region in Raman spectroscopy allowed the characterization of ordered regions of 2to 3 microns separated by about 60 microns. This is the first evidence of the heterogeneous structure ofsilk. Coupling with the uni-axial tensile test shows that these ordered regions are stressed under macroscopicdeformation, suggesting silk organization according to Prevorsek’s model, i.e. that the samemacromolecular chain belongs to both amorphous and ordered regions. The statistical study of themechanical properties of silkworm and spider silks shows great dispersion, but a good stability over time(decades). Genetic modification does not improve the fibres mechanical properties but a slight decrease intheir variability. Various strategies have been investigated to control the variability: bacterial production,solubilization of silk and films regeneration. The role of water in silk biosynthesis, as well as the effect ofvarious parameters (filtration, pH, drying ...) during the preparation of the films were studied. It wasconfirmed that the presence of protein aggregates promotes the organization in film and two types of filmswere prepared. The most amorphous ones have the most interesting mechanical properties, though only afew percent of those from the starting fibres. The fabrication of regenerated silk matrix compositesreinforced by silk fibres increases the strength and strain to failure. These initial results are encouraging forthe development of silk fibres/regenerated silk matrix composite materials

"Forschung meets Business" - diese Kombination hat in den vergangenen Jahren immer wieder zu zahlreichen interessanten und fruchtbaren Diskussionen geführt. Mit dem Symposium "Sicherheit in Service-orientierten Architekturen" führt das Hasso-Plattner-Institut diese Tradition fort und lud alle Interessenten zu einem zweitägigen Symposium nach Potsdam ein, um gemeinsam mit Fachvertretern aus der Forschung und Industrie über die aktuellen Entwicklungen im Bereich Sicherheit von SOA zu diskutieren. Die im Rahmen dieses Symposiums vorgestellten Beiträge fokussieren sich auf die Sicherheitsthemen "Sichere Digitale Identitäten und Identitätsmanagement", "Trust Management", "Modell-getriebene SOA-Sicherheit", "Datenschutz und Privatsphäre", "Sichere Enterprise SOA", und "Sichere IT-Infrastrukturen".
'Research meets Business' is the successful concept of the SOA Security Symposia held at the Hasso-Plattner-Institute that has lead to interesting discussions in the community. The SOA Security Symposium 2010 continued this tradition and invited researchers and representatives from the industry to discuss concepts, issues, and solution in the field of SOA Security. The topics presented in the scope of this symposium focused on the security related topics 'Secure Digital Identities and Identity Management', 'Trust Management', 'Model-driven SOA Security', 'Privacy',' Secure Enterprise SOA', and 'Secure IT-Infrastructures'.

La these degage les composantes du roman d'aventures en vers au xiiie siecle, a partir de l'un de ses modeles les plus meconnus : sone de nansay, roman biographique et dynastique compose par un clerc brabancon, nomme branque, vers 1270. Malgre la diversite du genre, l'etude comparative etablit plusieurs constantes: rechercher la variete et la surprise sans nuire a l'unite ni a la coherence narratives, susciter pitie et peur grace a des topiques pathetiques et des procedes d'ecriture dramatique, lier amour et chevalerie en particulier dans le theme quasi oblige du tournoi. Sone offre une structure signifiante qui illustre l'ascension sociale du heros, orphelin puine, accedant, par ses seuls merites, au trone imperial. Les mesaventures, les voyages, les insertions lyriques, certains personnages revelent que l'auteur est tributaire de chretien de troyes, de la litterature du graal, de jean renart et de la chanson de geste. Toutefois il rationalise, humanise et christianise les donnees legendaires et folkloriques. En outre, aux stereotypes d'un orientalisme onirique, il prefere un exotisme norvegien, plus exact et didactique. Denoncant les leurres d'une courtoisie trop abstraite ainsi que les vices de la chevalerie, il prone, avec mesure, une ethique plus humaine et naturelle, un amour conjugal et un retour aux vrtus primordiales des heros epiques. Soulignant l'importance des duels, des tables rondes et des menestrels, la superiorite de l'amour sur toutes les autres valeurs, le roman d'aventures en vers affirme le triomphe de l'individu
This thesis identifies the basic structures of the 13th century romance, via one of its least-known examples: sone de nansay, written around 1270 by branque, a clerk from brabant. Despite the diversity of this genre, a comparative approach brings out a number of constant themes: the search for variety and surprise effects without harming the unity and coherence of the narrative, the arousal of pity and fear through pathetic topics and the techniques of dramatic writing, the linking of love and chivalry, particularly through the tournament. Sone has a meaningful structure which shows the upward social mobility of the hero, an orphaned second child who accedes to the imperial throne by his own merit. The mishaps, the journeys, the lyricals interludes and certain characters reveal that the author was influenced by chretien de troyes, grail literature, jean renart and epic poetry. Nevertheless, he rationalizes, humanizes and gives a christian dimension to material taken from legend and folklore. Moreover he prefers local colour from norway, which is more precise and more didactic, to dreamy stereotypes of the east. Denouncing the lures of over-formal courtesy and the defects of chivalry, he comes down moderately in favour of a more humane and natural ethic, conjugal love and a return to the original virtues of the epic heroes. The romance affirms the triumph of the individual

It is desirable that SOAP performs efficiently in environments where there are a large number of transactions. However, SOAP is based on XML and therefore inherits XML's disadvantage of having voluminous messages. Firstly, the performance of different SOAP bindings is investigated. A benchmark of different SOAP bindings in wireless environments demonstrates the unsuitability of HTTP and TCP bindings in limited bandwidth environments. UDP is recommended as an alternative transport protocol for SOAP. Secondly, the thesis examines the use of multicast in reducing the traffic caused by SOAP messages in low bandwidth environments to deal with challenges described. A novel SOAP-level multicast protocol based on the similarity of SOAP messages, called SMP (Similarity-based SOAP Multicast Protocol), is proposed. In particular, issues of traffic, network optimization, response time and scalability are investigated. Lastly, two extensions of SMP are proposed to further improve the performance of SMP. SMP's extensions are two algorithms, greedy and incremental tc-SMP, for traffic-constrained similarity-based SOAP multicast. Tc-SMP optimizes network traffic by building its own spanning trees instead of using the one built by traditional methods, such as Dijkstra's algorithm. A new client is added to a tc-SMP tree through an existing tc-SMP node that causes minimal additional traffic for that connection. Detailed analytical models and experimental evaluations of the proposed methods demonstrate that combining SOAP messages of similar content and multicasting them as aggregated messages can significantly lower total network traffic. These improvements are advantageous for Web service applications that involve a high number of simultaneous similar transactions such as stock quotes, weather and sport event reports.

Seamless middleware integration requires conversion of the message format from the source of the request to that of its target. A number of solutions have been proposed and implemented, but they lack wide applicability and ease of use. This thesis proposes an improved solution based-on dynamic protocol-level systems integration using configuration, rather than programming. This allows large complex enterprises to extend and enhance their existing systems more easily. The major components of this solution are a Middleware Protocol Definition Language (MPDL) based on the Object Management Group (OMG) Interface Definition Language (IDL) that can describe a wide range of protocols declaratively, and a run-time environment, The Ubiquitous Broker Environment (TUBE), that takes these protocol descriptions and performs the necessary mediation and translation. The MPDL can describe a range of synchronous, asynchronous, object-based, and binary and text-based protocols. Ea ch protocol need only be described once, and the framework provides a means to easily implement special extensions to the protocol. Further, this approach can be used as the basis for developing new middleware protocols; the protocol used internally by TUBE is itself defined and executed using this approach. TUBE has been implemented and successfully tested across a range of commonly used middleware, including synchronous, asynchronous, object-based, binary and text-based protocols. Key components of the system are currently in operation in a large Australian corporation.