Статті в журналах: "Snapper"

1

Potts, Jennifer C., and Michael L. Burton. "Preliminary observations on the age and growth of dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu) and mahogany snapper (Lutjanus mahogoni) from the Southeastern U.S." PeerJ 5 (April 19, 2017): e3167. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3167.

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Dog snapper (Lutjanus jocu Bloch and Schneider 1801) and mahogany snapper (Lutjanus mahogoni Cuvier 1828) are infrequently caught snappers in the southeastern U.S. primarily occurring off of southern Florida. The species were opportunistically sampled from commercial and recreational fisheries in the southeastern U.S. from 1979 to 2015. Fish were aged (56 dog snapper and 54 mahogany snapper) by counting opaque zones on sectioned sagittal otoliths. Otoliths of both species were easily interpretable and agreement between readers was acceptable. Analysis of otolith edge-type revealed that annuli formed between May and July on both species. Dog snapper ranged from 200–837 mm total length (TL) and ages 2–33, while mahogany snapper ranged from 270–416 mm TL and ages 2–18. The Von Bertalanffy growth equations were Lt = 746(1–e(−0.20(t−0.32))) and Lt = 334(1–e(0.31(t+1.19))) for dog snapper and mahogany snapper, respectively. The weight-length relations were W = 1.31 × 10−5L3.03(n = 78, r2 = 0.99) and W = 5.40 × 10−6L3.15(n = 79, r2 = 0.79) for dog snapper and mahogany snapper, respectively, where W = whole weight in grams.

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2

Frédou, Thierry, and Beatrice Padovani Ferreira. "Bathymetric trends of northeastern Brazilian snappers (Pisces, Lutjanidae): implications for the reef fishery dynamic." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, no. 5 (September 2005): 787–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000600015.

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The investigation of bathymetric distribution of five snappers caught along the Brazilian Northeastern coast by artisanal fleets through the analysis of the catch composition and relative abundance (CPUE) showed that, on the overall, fished mean size increased along depth and that particular species dominated the catch according to the depth strata. Mutton snapper, L. analis, yellowtail snapper, L. chrysurus, and dog snapper, L. jocu were mainly caught at intermediate depth (20-80m) whereas lane snapper, L. synagris, and silk snapper, L. vivanus, inhabit respectively shallow (<20m) and deep (>80 m) waters. Each fleet category exploited preferentially a particular combination of species and their size range. The fleet dynamic of the Northeast Brazil is technologically heterogeneous and determines the catch composition. Geographical distribution of the fishery and technical interaction between fleets and gears should be considered by the management of these species in order to maintain the sustainability of the stock and to guarantee the continuance of the resource.

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3

estabrook, barry. "Reviving Red Snapper." Gastronomica 10, no. 3 (2010): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2010.10.3.66.

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Red snappers in the Gulf of Mexico once hovered on the brink of extinction, their population having dropped to 2 percent of what had historically swum in the Gulf. But thanks to a recently introduced plan that turns the conventional wisdom of fisheries management on its head, the picture has begun to change. Called Individual Fishing Quotas (IFQs), the new regulations, which give a guaranteed allotment of fish to each participant instead of applying industry-wide quotas, went into effect for Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in early 2007. The results were immediate and so profound that the Gulf Fishery Management Council voted earlier this year to increase the annual limit on red snapper to nearly 7 million pounds from 5 million.

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4

Pedraza-Marrón, Carmen del R., Raimundo Silva, Jonathan Deeds, Steven M. Van Belleghem, Alicia Mastretta-Yanes, Omar Domínguez-Domínguez, Rafael A. Rivero-Vega, et al. "Genomics overrules mitochondrial DNA, siding with morphology on a controversial case of species delimitation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1900 (April 3, 2019): 20182924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2924.

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Species delimitation is a major quest in biology and is essential for adequate management of the organismal diversity. A challenging example comprises the fish species of red snappers in the Western Atlantic. Red snappers have been traditionally recognized as two separate species based on morphology: Lutjanus campechanus (northern red snapper) and L. purpureus (southern red snapper). Recent genetic studies using mitochondrial markers, however, failed to delineate these nominal species, leading to the current lumping of the northern and southern populations into a single species ( L. campechanus ). This decision carries broad implications for conservation and management as red snappers have been commercially over-exploited across the Western Atlantic and are currently listed as vulnerable. To address this conflict, we examine genome-wide data collected throughout the range of the two species. Population genomics, phylogenetic and coalescent analyses favour the existence of two independent evolutionary lineages, a result that confirms the morphology-based delimitation scenario in agreement with conventional taxonomy. Despite finding evidence of introgression in geographically neighbouring populations in northern South America, our genomic analyses strongly support isolation and differentiation of these species, suggesting that the northern and southern red snappers should be treated as distinct taxonomic entities.

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5

Nuraini, Siti, and Tri Ernawati. "CHANGES TO THE RED SNAPPER FISHERIES IN THE ARAFURA SEA FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AREA." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 15, no. 2 (May 24, 2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.15.2.2009.9-16.

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Red snappers are target species and exploited by industrial fisheries off the Bottom longline, trap and as by product of fish net in Arafura Sea. This study proposed to identify effect of industrial fishing on red snapper fishery; on size and catch composition.

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6

Williams, Ashley J., Stephen J. Newman, Corey B. Wakefield, Melanie Bunel, Tuikolongahau Halafihi, Jeremie Kaltavara, and Simon J. Nicol. "Evaluating the performance of otolith morphometrics in deriving age compositions and mortality rates for assessment of data-poor tropical fisheries." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 7 (March 15, 2015): 2098–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv042.

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Abstract Deepwater snappers (Family Lutjanidae) are important to artisanal and subsistence fisheries in Pacific Island countries. Most species of deepwater snapper are considered vulnerable to exploitation due to their extended longevity and low natural mortality rates. However, the sustainability of deepwater snapper fisheries in Pacific Island countries remains uncertain because there are limited resources available to collect the required data for comprehensive stock assessments. Reliable estimates of the age composition for exploited deepwater snapper populations are limited primarily because of the lack of skills and resources required for routine age estimation from sectioned otoliths. The development of alternative low-cost approaches to derive estimates of age for deepwater snappers is required. We evaluated the performance of using otolith morphometrics (weight, length, width, and thickness) to obtain estimates of age for the most important target species in these fisheries: Etelis carbunculus, E. marshi, E. coruscans, and Pristipomoides filamentosus. We compared age compositions and fishing mortality rates (F) derived from otolith morphometrics with those derived from counts of annual increments in otoliths. We then used the ratio of F to natural mortality (M) as a biological indicator to evaluate the potential effects on management responses by comparing estimates of F/M derived from otolith morphometrics with those derived from annual increment counts. Age compositions and estimates of F and F/M did not differ significantly between those derived from otolith morphometrics and those derived from annual increment counts for all species. These results demonstrate that management responses would likely be similar whether based on age estimates derived from sectioned otoliths, or predicted from otolith morphometrics. In the absence of sufficient resources to section otoliths for age estimation, we recommend that otolith morphometrics be used as a proxy for age in assessments of deepwater snapper fisheries in Pacific Island countries, and potentially for other similar data-limited fisheries.

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7

Robertson, D. Ross, Carol D. Cox, and Robert L. Cox. "Lutjanus inermis (Peters, 1869), Golden Snapper, range extension to the Galapagos Islands." Check List 17, no. 6 (November 25, 2021): 1633–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/17.6.1633.

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The well-cataloged marine fish fauna of the Galapagos Islands includes eight of the 12 species of snappers (Lutjanidae) found in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. A recent recreational scuba dive in the Galapagos produced photographs of an additional snapper species, Lutjanus inermis (Peters, 1869), which was sufficiently common as to likely have a recently established resident population.

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8

Fodrie, FJ, KL Heck, CFT Andrus, and SP Powers. "Determinants of the nursery role of seagrass meadows in the sub-tropical Gulf of Mexico: inshore-offshore connectivity for snapper and grouper." Marine Ecology Progress Series 647 (August 13, 2020): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13403.

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Quantifying the nursery role of habitats or locations in supporting fisheries is central to understanding population-scale animal-habitat relationships, and in guiding ecosystem-based management. We assessed the nursery role of northern Gulf of Mexico seagrass meadows for gray snapper, lane snapper, and gag recruiting to Alabama’s extensive offshore reef complex. We accomplished this using broadscale juvenile trawl surveys and geochemical tags—indicative of past habitat use—stored in the otoliths of >2200 fishes. These natural tags revealed that 47-61% of snapper and gag recruits to Alabama reefs originated in Florida panhandle seagrass nurseries. Seagrass meadows in Alabama and Mississippi were also important nurseries for snappers and gag, contributing 26-46% of recruits. Despite high juvenile snapper and gag catches along the extensive Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, relatively few of those fishes recruited to Alabama’s reefs (<13% of total recruits, across species), although they may have recruited to populations outside our sampling domain. Beyond the applied value of these data for resource management (i.e. interstate connectivity), our findings highlight broadscale drivers of the nursery role of juvenile habitats for coastal marine populations. These factors include: (1) juvenile habitat extent (i.e. extensive Florida panhandle meadows sourced the most recruits for Alabama fisheries); (2) proximity between juvenile and adult habitats (i.e. highest unit-area contribution from Alabama-Mississippi meadows); and (3) unidirectional, alongshore migration of egressing juveniles (i.e. primarily east-to-west movement, enhancing connectivity with Florida panhandle nurseries, and dampening connectivity with Chandeleur nurseries).

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9

Saillant, Eric, S. Coleen Bradfield, and John R. Gold. "Genetic impacts of shrimp trawling on red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico." ICES Journal of Marine Science 63, no. 4 (January 1, 2006): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.12.005.

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Abstract Genetic variation and genetic relatedness are investigated among age-0 red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) sampled as bycatch in shrimp trawls from five localities in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Reference samples from the same geographic areas were obtained by sampling a few juveniles at a time during multiple trawl tows. No significant differences in allelic richness, gene diversity, or allele (or genotype) distributions at 16 nuclear-encoded microsatellites were found between the five bycatch samples and reference samples taken from the same geographic area. These results indicate that red snappers taken as bycatch neither have reduced genetic variation relative to the local population nor do they appear to represent a non-random sample from the local population in terms of allele or genotype distributions. Estimates of the within-sample variance of pairwise relatedness did not differ significantly from zero for any bycatch or reference sample. Hence, red snapper in the bycatch samples are not more closely related genetically to one another than would be expected when sampling individuals at random from the local population. These results indicate that there are no direct, detectable genetic impacts of shrimp trawling on red snapper at the localities sampled.

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10

Pearce, J., and C. K. Govind. "Spontaneous generation of bilateral symmetry in the paired claws and closer muscles of adult snapping shrimps." Development 100, no. 1 (May 1, 1987): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.100.1.57.

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Adult snapping shrimps Alpheus heterochelis (Say) have paired asymmetric claws consisting of a major or snapper claw and a minor or pincer claw. An unusual condition of bilateral symmetry consisting of paired snapper claws arose spontaneously in several snapping shrimps by transformation of the pincer to a snapper in the presence of an existing contralateral snapper claw. Transformation in the external morphology and fibre composition of the closer muscle was completed within two intermoult periods in the majority of cases where true symmetry was achieved and once established became permanent. Thus snapping shrimps, which are by nature solitary, when continually exposed to each other in the laboratory may transform their pincer to a snapper without any trauma to the existing snapper claw.

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11

Saunders, Richard J., Anthony J. Fowler, and Bronwyn M. Gillanders. "The use of food resources by 0+ snapper, Chrysophrys auratus, from northern Spencer Gulf, South Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 8 (2012): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11266.

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Food availability is an important factor in survival and growth of juvenile fish and has been proposed as a major factor shaping the patterns of distribution and abundance of 0+ snapper, Chrysophrys auratus, in New Zealand and Japan. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that diet of 0+ snapper would exhibit spatial variation related to their abundance within a major nursery region. Therefore, we described the stomach contents of 0+ snapper collected from within a nursery region in areas of low and high abundance of 0+ snapper. The data also provided the opportunity to consider sized based differences in diet and temporal feeding patterns. 0+ snapper were generalist carnivores that preyed on a wide range of invertebrates and fish. No evidence of sized based dietary variation was identified but feeding either ceased or was much reduced during the hours of darkness. The major finding was that more polychaetes were present in the stomachs of 0+ snapper in the area of high 0+ snapper abundance than in the areas of low 0+ snapper abundance. The spatial differences in diet observed supports the hypothesis that prey availability is important as a driver of habitat selection by 0+ fish.

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12

Simmons, Carrie M., and Stephen T. Szedlmayer. "Competitive interactions between gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in laboratory and field studies in the northern Gulf of Mexico." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 75, no. 8 (August 2018): 1313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0039.

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Field removal and laboratory studies examined competitive interactions between gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) and red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus). In field studies, all gray triggerfish and red snapper were counted and sizes estimated on 24 reef sites. Gray triggerfish were then removed from half of these reef sites, resulting in significantly fewer gray triggerfish on the removal reefs at the start of the experiment. After 7 months the experiment ended and reef sites were resurveyed. Gray triggerfish decreased on both treatments, while the mean number of red snapper did not differ between treatments; however, there were significantly more small (<400 mm total length) red snapper on reefs where gray triggerfish were removed. In seven laboratory growth trials (30 to 35 days each), red snapper held with gray triggerfish had significantly lower growth rates and numerous bite marks compared with red snapper alone. These competitive interactions indicate that management efforts to rebuild and increase gray triggerfish populations may have unintentional negative effects on red snapper populations, particularly for smaller fish.

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13

Rapi, Nuraeni L., Mesalina Tri Hidayani, Djumanto Djumanto, and Murwantoko Murwantoko. "Size Distribution and Length-Weight Relationship of Red Snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) in Pinrang Waters Regency of Pinrang." Agrikan: Jurnal Agribisnis Perikanan 12, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.29239/j.agrikan.12.2.317-321.

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Fisheries activities red snapper in Pinrang waters is considered to be a small scale and caught with that variety of types instrument catch fish (multi gears) one of them is bubu fishing gear. Now, the level of the utilization of red snapper is believed to have been experience symptoms of over fishing due to the high pressure in the area. The study aims to analyze the size structure and length-weight correlation of red snapper (Lutjanus sp). The study was conducted during 5 months of period, starting from March to July 2019 in Pinrang waters, Pinrang District. The sample of the fish obtained by fishermen using ‘Bubu’ fishing gear. The results showed that the total length structure of males and females of the red snapper was ranging from 32 - 57 cm, while the weight structure of males and females of the red snapper had a wide range from 500 to 2500 grams. The total sample of the red snapper is 163 divided into 68 males and 95 females. The growth pattern of red snapper can be categorized in a negative allometric type with a value of b = 2.3328 which means that the length increased faster than the weight gain.

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14

Fakoya, K. A., M. A. Anetekhai, and A. O. Saba. "Length-weight relationship and relative condition factor of Gorean snapper, Lutjanus goreensis (Valenciennes, 1830) in the coastal zone of Lagos, south-west Nigeria." Zoologist (The) 17 (March 12, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tzool.v17i1.4.

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Snappers are highly recommended as choice seafood and as viable candidate for cage culture in the brackish water and marine environments. However, very limited data exists on biological parameters of the snappers, Lutjanus species throughout their distribution range. Hence, the present study sought to improve knowledge on Length-Weight Relationship (LWR) and relative condition factor (Kn) of the Gorean snapper, Lutjanus goreensis (Valenciennes, 1830) sampled between December 2008 and December 2009 in the coastal zone of Lagos, Nigeria. Specimens were collected from landings of artisanal fisheries and inshore trawl fisheries. A total of 822 unsexed estuarine (7.90 to 34.90 cm and 9.51-695.60 g) and 377 sexed marine (21.90 to 56.10 cm and 156-2 975 g) specimens were analyzed. The overall value of the slope, b for the LWR indicated negative allometric growth for unsexed estuarine (2.860); marine male (2.856) and female (2.917) specimens, respectively. The relative condition factor, Kn did not vary significantly from 1. Sex-wise variations of b values and Kn were not significant either. The present study presents, for the first time, baseline information on the length-weight relationship parameters and condition of L. goreensis in the marine waters of Nigeria and in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean. The results are useful indicators to assess the well-being of wild Gorean snapper populations in Lagos coastal zones for management and under culture conditions. Keywords: Lutjanus goreensis; length-weight relationships; condition factor; Lagos; Nigeria

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15

Moran, M., C. Burton, and J. Jenke. "Long-term movement patterns of continental shelf and inner gulf snapper (Pagrus auratus, Sparidae) from tagging in the Shark Bay region of Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 8 (2003): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf03012.

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Snapper is an important commercial and recreational target species in the Shark Bay region of Western Australia. The present study aimed to define the range of movements of snapper by tagging in the two inner gulfs of Shark Bay and on oceanic fishing grounds adjacent to the Bay. Recaptures by fishers fell to low levels within 4 years after tagging, but small numbers of recaptures were still being made up to 15 years after release. There was no mixing of snapper populations between the two inner gulfs nor was there any movement between the ocean and the inner bay. This supports genetic and other evidence for the existence of several separate stocks in the region. Snapper of the ocean stock were mostly recaptured within 20 km of their release point, although a few fish moved long distances of up to 370 km southwards along the continental shelf. The tagged snapper tended to become more dispersed along the shelf with increasing years at liberty. Yet, an empirical model indicated that of the snapper recruiting to the main oceanic fishing grounds near Koks Island, which have a mean life expectancy in the fishery of 1.5 years, 76% would remain within 93 km (50 nautical miles), even after 6 years. The distinct stocks and their movement characteristics are significant for snapper fishery management in the Shark Bay region.

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16

Everett, AG, ST Szedlmayer, and BJ Gallaway. "Movement patterns of red snapper Lutjanus campechanus based on acoustic telemetry around oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico." Marine Ecology Progress Series 649 (September 10, 2020): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13448.

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Offshore oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico are known aggregation sites for red snapper Lutjanus campechanus. To examine habitat use and potential mortality from explosive platform removals, fine-scale movements of red snapper were estimated based on acoustic telemetry from March 2017 to July 2018. Study sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico, USA, included one platform off coastal Alabama (30.09°N, 87.88°W) and 2 platforms off Louisiana (28.81°N, 91.97°W; 28.92°N, 93.15°W). Red snapper (n = 59) showed a high affinity for platforms, with most (94%) positions being recorded within 95 m of the platforms. Home range areas were correlated with water temperature and inversely correlated with dissolved oxygen concentrations. During summer and fall, red snapper used larger areas and many fish (54%) emigrated from their platforms but most (83%) returned in ≤3 d. Site fidelity for red snapper was 31% yr-1 and residency time was 7 mo, but the probability-of-presence at platforms was 70% after 1 yr, indicating the importance of platforms for this species. Overall fishing mortality was high for platforms (F = 0.86, 95% CL = 0.47-1.40), but since the stock is managed on a quota basis this high mortality should have little effect on total stock abundance. Thus, platforms can still provide an important habitat for red snapper, and consideration of area use patterns, fishing mortality and environmental factors can reduce red snapper mortality when scheduling explosive platform removals. As such, the present study indicates that an optimum time for explosive removal would be in late summer after the red snapper fishing season is completed.

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17

Prasetya, Agung Wahyu, Kismiyati, and Sri Subekti. "Intensity and Predilection of Helminth Parasites of the Red Snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus)." World's Veterinary Journal 11, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.54203/scil.2021.wvj64.

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Marine fish, particularly the red snappers, are often exposed to helminth parasitic infestation. As a result of the parasitic infestation, the fish population, the fish weight, and the morphological changes in the fish are shrinking. The present research aimed to find out the intensity and predilection of the helminth ectoparasites over the infection of the red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) and employed the survey method for this purpose. The sampling was carried out by the purposive sampling technique. The sample obtained consisted of 30 fish, 20% of the total red snapper population of 150 fish reared in the floating net cages of Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Laut Lampung. The intensity of the fish infestation by a mixture of Haliotrema epinepheli and Benedenia epinepheli was 132.5 individuals/fish. Neobenedenia girellae and Haliotrema epinepheli infected fish with an intensity of 149.41 individuals/fish. The 66.7% of Benedenia epinepheli had a predilection for the dorsal fin, and 33.3% for the anal fin. In Neobenedenia girellae, 57.1% had a predilection for the body surface, 37.2% for the head surface, and 5.7% for the dorsal fin. In conclusion, all sampled fish were positively infected with helminth ectoparasites, including Neobenedenia girellae, Haliotrema epinepheli, and Benedenia epinepheli.

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Spencer, Erin T., Emilie Richards, Blaire Steinwand, Juliette Clemons, Jessica Dahringer, Priya Desai, Morgan Fisher, et al. "A high proportion of red snapper sold in North Carolina is mislabeled." PeerJ 8 (June 25, 2020): e9218. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9218.

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Seafood mislabeling occurs when a market label is inaccurate, primarily in terms of species identity, but also regarding weight, geographic origin, or other characteristics. This widespread problem allows cheaper or illegally-caught species to be marketed as species desirable to consumers. Previous studies have identified red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) as one of the most frequently mislabeled seafood species in the United States. To quantify how common mislabeling of red snapper is across North Carolina, the Seafood Forensics class at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill used DNA barcoding to analyze samples sold as “red snapper” from restaurants, seafood markets, and grocery stores purchased in ten counties. Of 43 samples successfully sequenced and identified, 90.7% were mislabeled. Only one grocery store chain (of four chains tested) accurately labeled red snapper. The mislabeling rate for restaurants and seafood markets was 100%. Vermilion snapper (Rhomboplites aurorubens) and tilapia (Oreochromis aureus and O. niloticus) were the species most frequently substituted for red snapper (13 of 39 mislabeled samples for both taxa, or 26 of 39 mislabeled total). This study builds on previous mislabeling research by collecting samples of a specific species in a confined geographic region, allowing local vendors and policy makers to better understand the scope of red snapper mislabeling in North Carolina. This methodology is also a model for other academic institutions to engage undergraduate researchers in mislabeling data collection, sample processing, and analysis.

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Gillig, Dhazn, Richard Woodward, Teofilo Ozuna, and Wade L. Griffin. "Joint Estimation of Revealed and Stated Preference Data: An Application to Recreational Red Snapper Valuation." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 32, no. 2 (October 2003): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500005980.

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This study extends the joint estimation of revealed and stated preference data literature by accounting for truncation in the revealed preference data. The analytical model and estimation procedure are used to estimate the value of recreational red snapper fishing in the Gulf of Mexico. This recreational red snapper valuation is decomposed into its direct and indirect components. As expected, the value of recreational red snapper fishing using the joint revealed-stated preference model proposed in this analysis is bracketed on the upper limit by the value obtained using the contingent valuation method and on the lower limit by the travel cost method. The results also indicate that the joint model improves the precision of estimated recreational red snapper valuation.

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20

Ross, P. M., S. F. Thrush, J. C. Montgomery, J. W. Walker, and D. M. Parsons. "Habitat complexity and predation risk determine juvenile snapper (Pagrus auratus) and goatfish (Upeneichthys lineatus) behaviour and distribution." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 12 (2007): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07017.

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Early research into the distribution of juvenile snapper (Pagrus auratus) indicated that complex habitats were not important during early life stages. Recent studies in soft-sediment environments, however, have shown juvenile snapper to be more abundant in areas of complex habitat. No previous studies have investigated how and why this species uses both reef and soft-sediment habitats. Therefore, we examined the role of topographic complexity in influencing juvenile snapper distribution and habitat use, providing both field and laboratory evidence for the importance of complex benthic habitats for juvenile snapper and goatfish (Upeneichthys lineatus). Underwater visual censuses showed both species to be most abundant over sand flats adjacent to rocky reef habitats, a distribution that may balance the requirements of food acquisition and predator avoidance. In aquaria experiments, where juvenile snapper were given a choice between habitat with and without shelter, the use of shelter habitat increased significantly in the presence of a predatory threat. This demonstration of the use of complex habitat as shelter highlights the importance of benthic complexity for juvenile snapper and suggests that the management of essential habitats could enhance juvenile survivorship and should have an important role to play in sustainable management of exploited species.

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21

Stoltz, Marnus, Boris Baeumer, Remco Bouckaert, Colin Fox, Gordon Hiscott, and David Bryant. "Bayesian Inference of Species Trees using Diffusion Models." Systematic Biology 70, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa051.

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Abstract We describe a new and computationally efficient Bayesian methodology for inferring species trees and demographics from unlinked binary markers. Likelihood calculations are carried out using diffusion models of allele frequency dynamics combined with novel numerical algorithms. The diffusion approach allows for analysis of data sets containing hundreds or thousands of individuals. The method, which we call Snapper, has been implemented as part of the BEAST2 package. We conducted simulation experiments to assess numerical error, computational requirements, and accuracy recovering known model parameters. A reanalysis of soybean SNP data demonstrates that the models implemented in Snapp and Snapper can be difficult to distinguish in practice, a characteristic which we tested with further simulations. We demonstrate the scale of analysis possible using a SNP data set sampled from 399 fresh water turtles in 41 populations. [Bayesian inference; diffusion models; multi-species coalescent; SNP data; species trees; spectral methods.]

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Anderson, Joel, Dusty McDonald, Ethan Getz, Roberta Weixelman, Fay Grubbs, and Jason Ferguson. "Distribution, Maturity, Age and Growth of Gray Snapper (Lutjanus griseus) in the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico." Gulf and Caribbean Research 33 (2022): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/gcr.3301.02.

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Recent population expansion of Gray Snapper, Lutjanus griseus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico is driving increasing catch in the recreational fishery in Texas. We assessed long—term trends in distribution and abundance of Gray Snapper in Texas using fishery—dependent and fishery—independent data collected by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department in the years 1980 — 2019. Boosted regression trees (BRT) were used to evaluate factors (water quality, season, depth, bay and inlet distance) driving Gray Snapper presence in fishery—independent samples of juveniles (seines) and subadults (gill nets) found in estuaries. Estuarine Gray Snapper were subsequently sampled from gill nets, and otolith age and gonad development were evaluated microscopically to assess patterns of age, growth, and maturity. Increasing Gray Snapper abundance in Texas was coupled with expansion of the population age structure in comparisons before and after 1993. Gray Snapper juveniles and subadults encountered in Texas estuaries are generally associated with lower bays and offshore passes, and are more common in the late summer/early fall. Comparison of size (total length in mm) of recreational catch inshore versus offshore suggests that mature adults recruit to offshore habitats around 409 mm TL, or around 3 years old, which is approximately coincident with the onset of sexual maturity. Increasing abundance coupled with an expanding age structure of Gray Snapper in Texas have co—occurred with increasing winter temperatures over time. Population expansion could be facilitated by management measures that improve overwinter survival of juveniles and subadults in estuaries prior to offshore recruitment.

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23

Chen, Shengyang, Qian Yang, Xuan Chen, Yongqi Tian, Zhiyu Liu, and Shaoyun Wang. "Bioactive peptides derived from crimson snapper and in vivo anti-aging effects on fat diet-induced high fat Drosophila melanogaster." Food & Function 11, no. 1 (2020): 524–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fo01414d.

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Crimson snapper scale peptides (CSSPs) prepared from crimson snapper scales exhibited significant antioxidant activity in vitro and anti-aging effects in vivo on fat diet-induced high fat Drosophila melanogaster.

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24

Wells, R. J. David, James H. Cowan,, William F. Patterson, and Carl J. Walters. "Effect of trawling on juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) habitat selection and life history parameters." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 11 (November 2008): 2399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-145.

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This study documents ontogenetic habitat shifts of red snapper ( Lutjanus campechanus ) and highlights possible impacts of shrimp trawling on age-0 fish life history parameters on the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) continental shelf. Red snapper were collected quarterly during 2004 and 2005 over sand, low-relief shell rubble, high-relief shell rubble, and natural high-relief reef habitats within a de facto nontrawl area and in similar habitats on the open shelf where commercial shrimp trawling occurred. Age-0 red snapper were most dense over sand and low-relief shell rubble habitats and moved to higher-relief shell rubble and natural reef habitats by age-1. Habitat-specific daily growth rates of age-0 fish were highest over sand (range 0.65–1.03 mm·day–1). Densities of age-0 red snapper were highest over trawled sand, but higher over nontrawled shell rubble by 6 months of age (age-0.5+). Red snapper collected over sand and low-relief shell rubble areas exposed to trawling had truncated size distributions, higher mortality estimates, and lower production potential (the latter evaluated with G–Z and P–B ratios) compared with fish over nontrawled areas of similar habitat. Results suggest that juvenile red snapper residing over nontrawled areas may have a higher probability of survival than fish in areas exposed to commercial shrimp trawling.

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25

Siregar, Winona Valeria, and M. Nur Ghoyatul Amin. "Quality Control of Raw Materials on Red Snapper (Lutjanus sp.) Freezing Process in PT. Tridaya Jaya Manunggal Pasuruan East Java." Journal of Marine and Coastal Science 10, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmcs.v10i2.27660.

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Red snappers are fishery commodities which have high market values. Raw materials of red snappers are important elements which determine the quality of the final products. Therefore, an enhancement of raw materials quality should be conducted through quality supervision and examination when the raw materials are retrieved, stored, and about to enter production process. The aim of this fieldwork practice is to find out the raw materials quality control on red snapper freezing process in PT. Tridaya Jaya Manunggal Pasuruan, East Java. The data taken consists of primary and secondary data which are processed descriptively. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, active participation and literature review. PT. Tridaya Jaya Manunggal has implemented quality control on production process, starting from raw materials retrieval until these raw materials become final products. The quality control of raw red snappers were done in accordance with the quality control procedures which are plan, do, check, and action. The results of implementing quality control which were executed with organoleptic examination, temperature, Total Volatile Base (TVB), microbiology, and heavy metals on raw red snappers. Raw materials which didn’t meet the required standard were rejected, and then they were processed to be second grade products.

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26

RENSHAW, MARK A., STEN KARLSSON, and JOHN R. GOLD. "Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris), mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), and yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus)." Molecular Ecology Notes 7, no. 6 (November 2007): 1084–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01785.x.

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27

Ault, Jerald S., Steven G. Smith, James A. Bohnsack, Jiangang Luo, Molly H. Stevens, Gerard T. DiNardo, Matthew W. Johnson, and David R. Bryan. "Length-based risk analysis for assessing sustainability of data-limited tropical reef fisheries." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy123.

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AbstractThis study extended a “data-limited” length-based stock assessment approach to a risk analysis context. The estimation-simulation method used length frequencies as the principal data in lieu of catch and effort. Key developments were to: (i) incorporate probabilistic mortality and growth dynamics into a numerical cohort model; (ii) employ a precautionary approach for setting sustainability reference points for fishing mortality (FREF) and stock reproductive biomass (BREF); (iii) define sustainability risks in terms of probability distributions; and, (iv) evaluate exploitation status in terms of expected length frequencies, the main “observable” population metric. This refined length-based approach was applied to six principal exploited reef fish species in the Florida Keys region, consisting of three groupers (black grouper, red grouper, and coney), two snappers (mutton snapper and yellowtail snapper), and one wrasse (hogfish). The estimated sustainability risks for coney were low (<35%) in terms of benchmarks for fishing mortality rate and stock reproductive biomass. The other five species had estimated sustainability risks of greater than 95% for both benchmarks. The data-limited risk analysis methodology allowed for a fairly comprehensive probabilistic evaluation of sustainability status from species and community perspectives, and also a frame of reference for exploring management options balancing sustainability risks and fishery production.

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Saillant, Eric, S. Coleen Bradfield, and John R. Gold. "Genetic variation and spatial autocorrelation among young-of-the-year red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 6 (March 4, 2010): 1240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq011.

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Abstract Saillant, E., Bradfield, S. C., and Gold, J. R. 2010. Genetic variation and spatial autocorrelation among young-of-the-year red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1240–1250. Temporal and spatial genetic variations at 18 nuclear-encoded microsatellites were assayed among age-0 Gulf red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus), sampled from the 2004 and 2005 cohorts in each of five regions in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and from a mixed-age group sampled off northwest Florida. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance revealed genetic heterogeneity among habitat patches within regions, but not among regions. A significant, positive spatial autocorrelation of microsatellite genotypes among fish sampled within the geographic range 50–100 km was detected. Bayesian coalescent analysis of historical demography indicated a decline of nearly an order of magnitude in the effective population size for red snapper across the area surveyed. The highest posterior probability for the current effective population size was 2163, approximately four orders of magnitude smaller than the estimates of red snapper census size. The results of the study demonstrate that spatial genetic structuring among young-of-the-year red snapper in the Gulf occurs at small geographic scales and is consistent with a metapopulation stock-structure model of partially connected populations. This accentuates the importance of maintaining healthy local spawning populations of red snapper in all regions across the northern Gulf.

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Parsons, D. M., M. A. Morrison, B. M. Gillanders, K. D. Clements, S. J. Bury, R. Bian, and K. T. Spong. "Variation in morphology and life-history strategy of an exploited sparid fish." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 10 (2016): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15056.

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Defining appropriate management units to balance productivity and yield of exploited species is fundamental to effective resource management. Anecdotal and tag–recapture information related to morphology, movement behaviour and life-history strategy suggest that separate groups of snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) exist in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. To address the existence of discrete groups, we examined morphology, meristics and otolith chemistry from snapper collected throughout the Hauraki Gulf. We also used tag–recapture information, stable isotope analysis and interpreted functional aspects of morphology and meristics data to understand potential life-history strategy differences. Snapper from rocky reef habitats did not display morphology and meristic features distinct from snapper from soft sediment habitats and differences in otolith chemistry and stable isotope ratios could respectively be explained by a locational influence and predominance of kelp in rocky reef food webs. Conversely, snapper collected from a known spawning area had distinct morphological and meristic features consistent with semi–pelagic sparids and stable isotope analysis also indicated a potentially more pelagic and higher trophic-level diet. Maintenance of population complexity such as this is generally beneficial to fish populations, and can be achieved by revisiting the spatial units used for fishery management.

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Murphy, Hannah M., Gregory P. Jenkins, Paul A. Hamer, and Stephen E. Swearer. "Interannual variation in larval survival of snapper (Chrysophrys auratus, Sparidae) is linked to diet breadth and prey availability." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 8 (August 2012): 1340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-066.

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Larval snapper ( Chrysophrys auratus , Sparidae) sampled over 7 years had different diets and feeding strategies between years with lower versus higher larval and 0+ abundances. We analysed stomach contents of snapper larvae from each year to determine diet composition, prey selectivity, prey quality, and trophic niche breadth and compared larval diet with prey availability. Snapper larvae from higher abundance years were specialized foragers selecting for calanoid nauplii at 2–4 mm standard length (SL) and calanoid copepodites and cladocerans at >4 mm SL. These larvae were characterized by either a constant or dome-shaped trophic niche breadth and an increase in prey quality (size of consumed prey) with increasing larval size. Snapper larvae from lower abundance years were generalist foragers characterized by an increase in trophic niche breadth, but not prey quality, with increasing larval size. Changes in foraging strategies were concordant with changes in the prey environment, with low zooplankton densities corresponding with generalist diet (lower larval abundance) years and high zooplankton densities with specialist diet (higher larval abundance) years. These findings suggest that snapper larval survival and juvenile recruitment strength is linked to changes in larval diet that relate to prey abundance and composition.

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Oktaviyani, Selvia. "MENGENAL MARGA LUTJANUS, SALAH SATU KOMODITAS UNGGULAN DALAM PERIKANAN TANGKAP." OSEANA 43, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2018.vol.43no.3.61.

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NOTES ABOUT LUTJANUS, ONE OF MAIN COMMODITIES IN CAPTURE FISHERIES. The snapper, genus Lutjanus are commercially important fish species, distributed in tropical to temperate regions all over the world. This group is mostly reef associated marine fishes and several deep-water (>100 m) species. Genus Lutjanus contains the largest number of species, i.e. 72 species in the world and almost 33 species in Indonesian waters. The snappers are dioecious and gonochoristic organisms, this means that they have separate sexes and the sexual differentiation remains constant throughout their life span. They are carnivorous and the diet consist mainly of small fishes, crustaceans, mollucas, and pelagic urochordata.

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32

Verma, Vikash. "Real Imaging System “Snapper”." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology V, no. IV (April 26, 2017): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.4150.

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Cornia, Paul B., Benjamin A. Lipsky, Gurpreet Dhaliwal, and Sanjay Saint. "Red Snapper or Crab?" New England Journal of Medicine 350, no. 14 (April 2004): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmcps032443.

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34

Buckley, Joseph. "Ernst Snapper (1913–2011)." Notices of the American Mathematical Society 60, no. 01 (January 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/noti928.

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35

Parsons, Glenn R., Daniel G. Foster, and Mike Osmond. "Applying Fish Behavior to Reduce Trawl Bycatch: Evaluation of the Nested Cylinder Bycatch Reduction Device." Marine Technology Society Journal 46, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.46.3.2.

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AbstractWe used a laboratory flow chamber to examine the behavioral response of juvenile red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, to hydraulic and illumination changes with the intention of exploiting these responses to devise a more effective bycatch reduction device (BRD). Snapper were observed to use slack water areas for flow refuge, and this refuging behavior increased the chance of the fish escaping from the flow chamber. Additionally, we observed that dark-adapted red snapper were more likely to exit the test chamber when the flow chamber was illuminated during nighttime hours. We also observed a significant effect of illumination intensity on the time required for red snapper to locate and exit the flow chamber. These behavioral observations were then used to design a BRD that was tested in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery on board a commercial fishing vessel. The Nested Cylinder Bycatch Reduction Device (NCBRD) employed flow blocking plates to encourage fish to move into an area of the trawl where they could more easily escape. The NCBRD reduced total fish bycatch by about 53% and retained 81% of shrimp. Modifications of the inner cylinder of the NCBRD provided higher shrimp retention rates (86.2%-96.6%) but lower bycatch reduction rates (37.2%-42.9%). Illumination of the NCBRD during field testing had no significant effect on total fish bycatch or shrimp retention. However, we found that red snapper bycatch was reduced by 50% when the NCBRD was illuminated. These results suggest that illumination may be effective for increasing the performance of a BRD’s ability to exclude red snapper and perhaps other species.

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36

Zeldis, John R., John Oldman, Sira L. Ballara, and Laura A. Richards. "Physical fluxes, pelagic ecosystem structure, and larval fish survival in Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 593–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-209.

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The ecosystem supporting snapper (Pagrus auratus) larvae was studied during three springsummer (NovemberJanuary 19851988) spawning seasons in Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. Upwelling-favourable winds caused more incursion of shelf water into the Gulf in 19851986 and 19861987 than in 19871988, but in the first two seasons, the winds were relatively weak. Stronger winds in 19871988 drove greater vertical diffusivity and correlated with greater mixed-layer primary biomass and productivity. Effects of vertical mixing appeared to dominate horizontal incursion of upwelled shelf water in supporting upper water column productivity. The more productive 19871988 season had greater abundances of nauplii, copepodites, adult copepods, cladocerans, chaetognaths, hydromedusae, decapod larvae, and numerous larval fish taxa (including snapper). There was much higher survival of snapper between the late-stage egg and post-first-feeding larval stages in 19871988, which correlated spatially and temporally with high larval prey densities. Neither higher egg production, fewer predators, nor less horizontal advection accounted for these strong larval snapper cohorts. We hypothesize that larval competence improved within the superior larval feeding environment, reducing predatory losses. The ecosystem response to wind mixing may partially explain the correlation of sea temperatures with recruitment, previously observed for the Hauraki Gulf snapper stock.

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Sumpton, Wayne D., Bill Sawynok, and Neil Carstens. "Localised movement of snapper (Pagrus auratus, Sparidae) in a large subtropical marine embayment." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 8 (2003): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02119.

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Snapper were tagged with dart and anchor tags in order to determine movement and the contribution of juveniles inhabiting estuarine areas to the offshore adult population. Laboratory experiments showed that loss of anchor tags was greater than dart tags, although this was not reflected in the results of field trials. A total of 6572 individuals were tagged in field experiments, of which 509 (7.7%) were recaptured. Only four of over 2500 fish tagged and released in Moreton Bay were recaptured in waters outside the bay, suggesting the bay is not an important source of recruits to the offshore fishery. However, problems associated with tag loss and mortality meant that the actual contribution of juveniles to the offshore fisheries remained unclear. Most snapper movements were localised; only ~1% of movements exceeded 100 km. Movements of snapper were mainly directed northward against the prevailing direction of the East Australian Current. Snapper were considered to be a suitable species for marine reserve protection owing to their relatively localised movement patterns.

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Garner, Steven B., William F. Patterson, and Clay E. Porch. "Experimental assessment of circle vs. J hook performance and selectivity in the northern Gulf of Mexico recreational reef fish fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 5 (February 8, 2017): 1437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx001.

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Few data exist to evaluate the performance or assess the potential impacts of hook regulations on catchability or selectivity of recreational fisheries in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of hook type (circle vs. J hook) and hook size (1/0, 4/0, and 7/0) on catch composition, traumatic hooking, species-specific catches, and size-selectivity of red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, and grey triggerfish, Balistes capriscus. Selectivity was estimated by conditioning size distributions from hook-specific catches against in situ size distributions observed with a remotely operated vehicle. Deep hooking (hook set in gills or beyond) was low in all hook treatments for red snapper (<10%) and grey triggerfish (<6%), but was generally higher with J hooks, especially for other fishes caught with the largest J hook (34%). Hook type did not significantly affect catches, but catches decreased significantly with increasing hook size in all groups except red snapper. Selectivity curves were dome-shaped for both focus species in all hook treatments and selection peaks were similar among treatments for red snapper. Peak selectivity was 78.1 mm larger for J hooks than circle hooks for grey triggerfish. Overall, study results indicate that the circle hook regulation may have reduced traumatic hooking mortality by up to 50%, and that catchability is similar between hook types for both red snapper and grey triggerfish when controlling for hook size. Strong dome-shaped selection estimated for nearly all selectivity curves suggest logistic size-selectivity assumptions in assessment models are likely inappropriate for recreational sectors targeting red snapper or grey triggerfish.

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Freitas, Matheus Oliveira, Vinícius Abilhoa, and Gisleine Hoffmann da Costa e Silva. "Feeding ecology of Lutjanus analis (Teleostei: Lutjanidae) from Abrolhos Bank, Eastern Brazil." Neotropical Ichthyology 9, no. 2 (June 17, 2011): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252011005000022.

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Diet and feeding ecology of the mutton snapper Lutjanus analis were investigated in the Abrolhos Bank, Eastern Brazil, the largest and richest coral reefs in the South Atlantic, where about 270 species of reef and shore fishes occur. To evaluate seasonal and ontogenetic shifts in the diet, specimens of L. analis were obtained through a fish monitoring program in four cities in southern Bahia State, from June 2005 to March 2007. Stomachs from 85 mutton snappers that ranged in size from 18.1 to 74.0 cm TL were examined. Prey were identified to the lowest possible taxon and assessed by the frequency of occurrence and volumetric methods. Variations in volume prey consumption were evaluated using non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination, analysis of similarity, and similarity percentage methods. Significant differences in diet composition among size classes were registered, whereas non significant differences between seasons were observed. Considering size-classes, food items consumption showed important variations: juveniles (<34.0 cm TL) fed mostly on crustaceans, sub-adults (34.1-50.0 cm TL) showed a diversified diet and adults (>50.1 cm TL) consumed basically fish, mostly Anguiliformes. Lutjanus analis is an important generalist reef predator, with a broad array of food resources and ontogenetic changes in the diet. This snapper species plays an important role on the trophic ecology of the Abrolhos Bank coral reefs.

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40

França, Aline Rocha, and George Olavo. "Indirect signals of spawning aggregations of three commercial reef fish species on the continental shelf of Bahia, east coast of Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 63, no. 3 (September 2015): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592015087506303.

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AbstractLutjanus analis (Mutton snapper), Lutjanus jocu(Dog snapper) and Mycteroperca bonaci (Black grouper) are reef fishes of high commercial value, and are among the principal exploited reef resources on the eastern and northeastern coast of Brazil. These species share the habit of forming transient spawning aggregations, predictable in time and space, which leaves them particularly vulnerable. The present study aimed to obtain indirect indicators of periods and places of spawning aggregations for these species, based on the exploratory analysis of available data on commercial catches and fishing efforts in Southern Bahia. Line fishery landings data were monitored in 12 locations in the region, and catch records of Mutton snapper (1320 landings), Dog snapper (654) and Black grouper (1162) were analyzed. A strategy was developed for exploratory analysis of monthly CPUE variation and individual distribution of CPUE per trip. The results showed the occurrence of aggregations in 26 specific sites, with values of relative abundance far above the annual mean, during spring/summer and autumn/winter. The occurrence of these anomalous catches was validated with the fishermen responsible for respective fishing trips. Additional studies are needed to confirm spawning activity at these sites. Analysis of inter-annual variation suggests a decreasing trend in relative abundance of Black grouper and Mutton snapper, possibly associated with unregulated fishing of spawning aggregations.

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Diamond, Sandra L., Kristin M. Kleisner, Daisy Englert Duursma, and Yuning Wang. "Designing marine reserves to reduce bycatch of mobile species: a case study using juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 8 (August 2010): 1335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f10-044.

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Marine reserves have not been widely used to conserve mobile species because species abundance levels can be highly variable over space and time. Here we explore the potential for marine reserves to reduce bycatch of mobile species using red snapper ( Lutjanus campechanus ) as a case study. Bycatch in Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawls is a major source of juvenile red snapper mortality, and marine reserves may be mandated if bycatch reduction targets are not met. Using geographic information system (GIS) analyses of fishery-independent data, we investigated whether red snapper juveniles concentrate in “hot spots” and examined the trade-offs between abundance within hot spots (intensity) and predictability over time (persistence). These trade-offs allow fishery managers to tailor marine reserves to meet specific conservation goals. For red snapper, hot spots were primarily located around the 30 m isobath, with hot spots spread along the Texas coast in fall and clustered around the Texas–Louisiana border in summer. Increased intensity of hot spots led to lower persistence due to the smaller spatial area of higher intensity hot spots. Hot spots moved annually but generally persisted in the same locations over time, indicating that marine reserves could reduce red snapper bycatch. This approach provides a foundation for making informed decisions about design and placement of reserves for mobile species.

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Lestari, Rafika, Masda Admi, Rastina Rastina, Maryulia Dewi, Nurliana Nurliana, Abdul Harris, and Ginta Riady. "The Isolation of Staphylococcus Epidermidis Bacteria in White Snapper Salted Fish (Lates Calcalifer) of Sibolga City, North Sumatera Province." J-Kesmas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Indonesian Journal of Public Health) 7, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/j-kesmas.v7i1.1918.

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Salted fish is vulnerable to contamination by microbial. Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the bacteria that can contaminate the salted fish. This research aims to isolate the Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria contamination in salted white snapper fish sold in Sibolga City, North Sumatra Province. The sample used was white snapper salted fish, amounting to 10 samples from 10 traders. The isolation of Staphylococcus epidermidis was carried out using the Carter method. White snapper salted fish are mashed using a blender, then planted on Nutrient Broth (NB) as a bacterial growth media. Furthermore, identification of bacterial colonies grew using gram staining, Manitol Salt Agar (MSA) media, Blood Agar Plate (BAP) media, catalase test and confectionery media (Manitol and Glucose). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study suggest that Staphylococcus epidermidis contains bacterial contamination. Based on the data collected, it can be concluded that 7 out of 10 samples of white snapper salted fish sold in Sibolga City, North Sumatra Province, are contaminated with 70 percent Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria.

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Moran, M., C. Burton, and N. Caputi. "Sexual and local variation in head morphology of snapper, Pagrus auratus, Sparidae, in the Shark Bay region of Western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 50, no. 1 (1999): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf98031.

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Sexual dimorphism is demonstrated in pink snapper, Pagrus auratus (Sparidae), from the Shark Bay region of Western Australia, by canonical variate analysis of 13 morphometric measurements of the head. Snapper of both sexes develop a prominent hump on the forehead as they grow to large size, but the males do so to a greater extent than the females. Males also develop a bulge on the snout which was not found in females. Snapper with humps are less well accepted in an export market and this may result in high-grading problems in the quota-managed commercial fishery. Morphometric differences between localities were also found, with three regions previously recognized as containing separate genetic stocks being clearly distinct. Snapper from four areas within one of these stocks, the widespread ocean stock, were compared and found to show lesser differences. These four population samples fell into two groups, interpreted as a resident inshore group and an offshore group which migrates inshore for spawning. The local differences indicate incomplete mixing which has implications for fisheries management and stock assessment.

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Linayati, Linayati, Bramantiar Rizkyansyah, Tri Yusufi Mardiana, and Muhammad Zulkham Yahya. "The Addition of Honey Bee to The Feed for Increase The Growth of White Snapper Seeds (Lates calcarifer)." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 10, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v10i3.26944.

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Анотація:

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding honey to the feed for growth and the best dosage for the growth of white snapper seeds.The white snapper seeds used have an average weight of ± 2.5 g / fish.This study used an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD).The experiment was carried out in 5 (five) treatments and each treatment had 3 (three) repetitions.The treatment consisted of adding honey to the feed with a treatment dose of (A) 0 ml / kg of feed, (B) 50 ml / kg of feed, (C) 100 ml / kg of feed, (D) 150 ml / kg of feed and (E) 200 ml / kg of feed.The results indicated that the addition of honey to the feed had a significant effect on the growth of white snapper seeds.The best dose of honey is at a dose of 200 ml / kg which has the best effect on fish growth.The condition of water quality during the study was in a suitable range for the life of white snapper seeds.

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45

Wulansarie, R., S. Bismo, A. Stefani, B. R. Maulana, and W. D. P. Rengga. "Preserving snapper spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) using ozone technology and cold temperature." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 969, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/969/1/012019.

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Abstract Indonesia has abundant natural resources, one of which is agricultural products. One of the abundant agricultural products in Indonesia is snapper spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) which contains various kinds of nutrients. Snapper spinach can contain harmful contaminants, one of which is E. coli bacteria. These bacteria can cause snapper spinach to rot easily, so it needs to be removed or reduced. This study aims to determine the effect of ozone and/or cold temperatures on the shelf-life quality of snapper spinach (Amaranthus hybridus). The research methods include the preparation process, the washing process, the storage process (using ozone, cold temperatures, and cold ozone). The results of the study were tested using the TPC test. The best research result is that the process of adding cold temperatures after the ozone method treatment is very influential both in terms of physical and in terms of microbial contamination, seen in samples treated with ozone washed using water and stored at cold temperatures looks better than those stored at room temperature.

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46

Badrudin, Badrudin, and Aisyah Aisyah. "SEPARATE STOCKS OF RED SNAPPER EXPLOITATION AND MANAGEMENT IN THE INDONESIAN SECTOR OF THE ARAFURA SEA." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 15, no. 1 (April 27, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.15.1.2009.81-88.

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Red snapper resources in the Arafura Sea have been effectively exploited by the industrial scale of bottom long line, fish trawl and shrimp trawl fisheries. Research activities carried out by the ACIAR-RCCF revealed that there were genetic similarity of the three red snapper species between the Australian and lndonesian sectors of the Arafura Sea"

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47

Nurulludin, Nurulludin, Suprapto Suprapto, and Prihatiningsih Prihatiningsih. "PARAMETER POPULASI IKAN KAKAP LAUT-DALAM (Etelis radiosus, Anderson 1981) DI PERAIRAN TELUK CENDERAWASIH, PAPUA." BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap 8, no. 2 (January 13, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.8.2.2016.125-130.

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Ikan kakap laut-dalam (Etelis radiosus) adalah salah satu sumberdaya demersal ekonomis penting di Indonesia. Informasi ilmiah tentang ikan kakap laut-dalam ini masih sangat jarang, terutama dari kawasan Teluk Cenderawasih bagian Utara Papua. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Februari – November 2013 di Teluk Cenderawasih. Aanalisis panjang cagak ikan terhadap 3.255 ekor menggunakan software FISAT II, diperoleh beberapa nilai parameter populasi sebagai berikut: laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,17 per tahun, panjang asimtotik (L ) 108,68 cm FL, laju kematian alami (M) 0,4 pertahun, dan laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) 0,17 per tahun. Estimasi tingkat ekploitasi (E) sebesar 0,30 memiliki pengertian bahwa tingkat pemanfaatan ikan kakap laut dalam masih di rendah dan dapat ditingkatkan. Deep-sea snapper (Etelis radiosus) is one of high economic valued of demersal resources in Indonesia. Scientific information on deep-sea snapper is limited, especially from the northern part of Cenderawasih Gulf, Papua. This paper aims to determine some parameters populations of deepsea snapper (Etelis radiosus) in the gulf of Cenderawasih, Papua. The research conducted in February - November 2013 in the Gulf of Cenderawasih. Deepsea snapper fork length measurement randomly taken from 3.255 fishes in Nabire. The result obtained that the growth coefficient (K), asymptotic length (Linf)), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) were 0.17/ year, 108.68 cmFL, 0.4/year, 0.17/year and 0.30/year. That implied the deepsea snapper fishing exploitation is under exploitation and there possibility of precountionary increasing of fishing effort.

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48

Hardoko, Hardoko, and Sri Utami. "Chemical-Physical Properties Characterization of White Snapper Fish Skin Rambak Crackers Based on Boiling and Drying Duration." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 12, no. 1 (March 21, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i1.14842.

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HighlightsThe utilisation process of snapper skin from fish fillet industry by products for cracklings was not optimalThe optimization of snapper skin crackling production by boiling and drying methodThe optimal method of snapper skin crackling production was 30 minutes of boiling and sun-drying for 30 hoursAbstractFish skin is a byproduct of fish filet production, its use is still limited, but some of the terrestrial animal skin is partially processed into rambak crackers, which is quite well known in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the duration of boiling and drying time on the chemical-physical properties of rambak crackers from white snapper skin. The research method used was an experiment with a boiling time treatment of 0, 10, 15, and 20 minutes and drying time with 10, 20, and 30 hours in sunlight. The results showed that the boiling time and drying duration had an effect on the chemical-physical properties of the rambak crackers of white snapper fish skin. The resulting rambak crackers have physical characteristics of 15.13-25.39 N / m2, 70.44-100.07% enlarging capacity, and chemical characteristics of the water content was 1.09-4.95%, protein content of 65.26-70.43%, and fat content of 13.43-15.83%. The best crackers are those which resulted from 30 minutes of boiling and 30 hours of frying process with a fracture limit of 15.13 N/m2, an enlarging capacity of 100.07%, moisture content of 1.09%, protein content of 66.25%, and fat content of 13. 43%.

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49

Oceaneawan, Goldy, Noer Samsoe, Telaga Kautsar, Aditya Suharsono, and Leksono Mucharam. "Pore-pressure prediction derived by common-reflection-surface (CRS) stacking seismic velocity to prevent drilling problems in geopressure zones: a case study of Snapper Field, Gippsland Basin, Australia." APPEA Journal 53, no. 2 (2013): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12096.

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Snapper Field is located in the Gippsland Basin, Australia. The field was discovered in 1968, and then continued by development drilling from the Snapper A platform, which started in 1981. The geopressure zones were encountered below 3,200 m at the Snapper—1 well and below 2,800 m at the Snapper A—21 well. If these zones are not anticipated before drilling, they could create problems, such as sticking, kick, or blowout. This extended abstract presents a technique to predict pore pressure from seismic velocity, where the seismic velocity was derived by CRS. Many case studies have shown that CRS stack could produce smooth macro-velocity model, which is more reliable to be used for pore pressure prediction. Eaton's equation was used to transform the seismic velocity derived by CRS to pore pressure as a function of depth. All of these workflows have been conducted using field data from the Snapper Field provided by the Victorian Department of Primary Industries. The prediction was compared with actual well pressure data to test the accuracy of prediction. The comparison shows that the pressure, which has been generated using this technique, is accurate. This result could be applied when making drilling programs particularly to identify the geo-pressure zones for wildcat/exploration wells in another field when pressure data from neighbouring wells are unavailable. If these geo-pressure zones could be anticipated, it will reduce drilling risk operation.

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50

Andrews, Allen H., Christiane Yeman, Caroline Welte, Bodo Hattendorf, Lukas Wacker, and Marcus Christl. "Laser ablation–accelerator mass spectrometry reveals complete bomb 14C signal in an otolith with confirmation of 60-year longevity for red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)." Marine and Freshwater Research 70, no. 12 (2019): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18265.

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Bomb-produced 14C has been used to make valid estimates of age for various marine organisms for 25 years, but fish ages that lead to birth years earlier than the period of increase in 14C lose their time specificity. As a result, bomb 14C dating is limited to a minimum age from the last year of prebomb levels because the temporal variation in 14C in the marine surface layer is negligible for decades before c. 1958. The longevity of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the Gulf of Mexico remains unresolved despite various forms of support for ages near 50–60 years. Although the age and growth of red snapper have been verified or validated to a limited extent, some scepticism remains about longevity estimates that exceed 30 years. In this study, red snapper otoliths were analysed for 14C using a novel laser ablation–accelerator mass spectrometry technique to provide a continuous record of 14C uptake. This approach provided a basis for age validation that extends beyond the normal limits of bomb 14C dating with confirmation of a 60-year longevity for red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico.

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