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1

Sieberhagen, Hester Sofia. "A qualitative literature review of the differentiated tax policies for small and medium enterprises in South Africa." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04032009-143734/.

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2

Pacheco, Solange Aparecida. "Perfil imunofenotípico de linfócitos em crianças nascidas de mães com asma e renite alérgica, em Belo Horizonte." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SMES-5XFJLX.

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BACKGROUND: Several reports have established that allergic diseases are increasing worldwide. Despite our knowledge that heredity influences the progress of asthma in childhood, it is been claimed that fetal environmental factors occurring during pregnancy might be of importance for the development of the disease. Attempts to identify a predictive marker of disease development in the cord blood cellularity have given conflicting results. Both proliferative and cytokine responses have been detected in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC), suggesting in utero allergen priming. OBJECTIVE: To determine if lymphocyte profile and activation status are altered by maternal history of allergy and to investigate the relationship between lymphocyte activation status and the development of allergic disease at twelve month of age, in a longitudinal study of high-risk children. METHODS: Prevalence of allergy and allergen sensitization were determined in pregnant women, attending pre-natal service in Belo Horizonte, Brazil (n=210). They were classified, based on clinical history and skin test, in Case and Control groups. Determination of the CD45 isoform of T cell subsets, as well as the determination of T cells expressing IL-2 receptor (CD25) and HLA~DR were evaluated in CBMC and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) obtained from pregnant women (group Case, n = 16; group Control, n = 14). Prospective newborns clinical follow-up was performed for 1 year. RESULTS: The prevalence of allergic disease during pregnancy was 16,6% for asthma and 29% for rhinitis, and house mites were the most frequent allergen (in Case group, Dermatophagoides pteronissinus, 95%; D. farinae, 70%). The frequency of CD4+ T cells carrying CD45RO marker was higher in PBMC of allergic pregnant women (48,4% i 16,1 versus 23,5% 1 22,1), but no difference in CBMC activation status profile (CD19+CD5+, CD3+CD25+, CD3+l-lLA-DR+, CD4+CD45RA+,- CD4+CD45RO+, CD8+CD45RA+, CD8+CD45RO+) between both groups was observed. At 12 months of age, 25% Case group children but none of the Control group had developed an atopic disease. CONCLUSION: In our population, CBMC activation profile did not differ between the two groups, so its determination could not predict the development of atopic diseases, for the first year of life.
JUSTIFICATIVA: A incidência de doenças alérgicas tem aumentado em todo o mundo, especialmente, nos países desenvolvidos. Além da característica genética da predisposição à alergia, fatores ambientais vigentes, durante a gravidez, poderiam ser importantes para o desenvolvimento da doença. Tentativas de identificar, através da celularidade do sangue de cordão, um marcador preditivo de desenvolvimento da doença, têm mostrado resultados conflitantes. Sensibilização alergênica in utero já foi demonstrada através de ensaios de proliferação e produção de citocinas por células mononucleares de sangue de cordão (CBMC). OBJETIVO: Determinar eventual alteração no perfil fenotípico de CBMC de crianças nascidas de mães alérgicas e investigar possíveis marcadores preditivos de desenvolvimento de atopia, através de estudo prospectivo longitudinal de recém-nascidos, durante doze meses. METODOLOGIA: A prevalência de alergia e a sensibilização alergênica foram pesquisadas em gestantes atendidas no serviço de pré-natal do Hospital das Clinicas, Belo Horizonte, Brasil (n=210), durante o período de a ., através de questionário clinico e teste cutâneo. As pacientes foram classificadas em Grupo Controle (n=64) e Grupo Caso (n=65). Células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMC) e CBMC de parturientes e seus respectivos recém-nascidos (Grupo Controle, n=14; Grupo Caso, n=16) foram analisadas, por citometria de fluxo. Foi realizado acompanhamento ambulatorial dos recém-nascidos por período de doze meses. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada a prevalência global de 31% de alergia nas gestantes, com 29% de prevalência para rinite e 16,6% de prevalência para asma. Os alergenos mais freqüentes foram o Dermatophagoides pteronissinus (95%) e D. farinae (70%). A freqüência de células T CD4+ expressando a isoforma CD45RO foi maior nas PBMC de parturientes alérgicas (48,4% i 16,1 versus 23,5% i 22,1), mas não observou-se qualquer diferença na ativação celular (CD19+CD5+, CD3+CD25+, CD3+HLA-DR+) e na freqüência das isoformas de CD45 (CD4+CD45RA+, CD4+CD45RO+, CD8+CD45RA+, CD8+CD45RO+) entre as CBMC entre dos dois grupos. Dentre as crianças do Grupo Caso, 25% desenvolveram quadro de atopia no primeiro ano de vida, enquanto, no Grupo Controle, nenhum caso foi detectado. CONCLUSAO: Em nossa população, o estado de ativação celular de CBMC de crianças nascidas de mães alérgicas não diferiu daquele observado em crianças filhas de mães não alérgicas. Assim, a determinação desse perfil não se mostrou útil na predição do desenvolvimento de alergia no primeiro ano de vida.
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3

Paddock, Catharine A. "Psychosocial factors in SMEs (stress in SMEs)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511245.

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4

Foreman, Mark McKinney. "Control and operation of SMES and SMES/PV systems." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10062009-020156/.

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5

Boubala, Helene Gesika Oumbahouin. "Risk management of SMMEs." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1723.

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Thesis (MTech (Internal Auditing))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010
Developing countries face the great challenge of balancing growth with equity and justice. Growth, in all its fairness, should translate into equitable opportunity for all, but as is observed, the distributional effect of growth often does not filter down to the majority of the socially and economically disadvantaged communities. It is imperative in these situations to embark on a process of developmental change to improve the quality of life of the majority of the disadvantaged community. South Africa used this strategy to endeavour to encounter or reverse the political history of the country, by encouraging entrepreneurs of previously disadvantaged racial groups through the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) to open small businesses. The South African Government believes that the development, growth and sustainability of the Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise (SMME) sector will help the country to decrease the high unemployment rate, and lead the country as a whole to a sustainable economical development. Research has shown that this aim can no longer be achieved by only facilitating access to finance to entrepreneurs. They argue that some management strategies such as risk management should be introduced, understood and applied by small business owners, in order for their businesses to go beyond their actual estimated survival period referred as 3 to 5 years maximum. This research provides background to which risk management techniques are applied within the ambit of small enterprises. The data were collected from eighty eight companies drawn from a possible of 150 small enterprises found in the Cape Metropole. The analysis of data of those who responded has shown that very few SMME owners, managers, entrepreneurs or key designated employees make use of risk management tools and techniques within their businesses, to achieve growth and sustainability. However, the majority agreed to the high importance of risk management in the success of a business enterprise.
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6

Xu, Chenke, and Hao Hu. "Factors influencing SMEs' export performance : A case study of Chinese SMEs." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-4786.

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Small and medium-sized enterprises play much more important roles in both domestic and international markets nowadays. The issue that factors influence their export performance (mainly the export sales and profits) also becomes much more attractive these years. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the factors which influence the SMEs’ export performance and how each factor influences the SMEs’ export performance. This study is built on a modified model of the factors influencing the SMEs’ export performance. The authors use case study to conduct this research, and one company’s (Company B’s) data is collected through the semi-structured interview. Some findings are obtained: the important factors which influence Company B’s export performance contain the trade shows, the expenses on getting the authentication, capital sources, export rebate, firm network, firm previous experience, firm competencies, personal network, international orientation and personal previous experience. In addition, the authors also find the effect of firm size is indirect. However, customs duty, transportation, as well as building up the brand do not play important impacts on export performance. Take the trade shows as an example, personal cards and product samples are sent to the customers, then the customers who are interested in the products will contact Company B. In this way, the customers are accumulated and the export sales increase. Thus, the export performance is enhanced.

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7

Schmuck, Ludger, and Veronika Vintish. "SMEs offline: why? : A multiple-case study of Swedish micro SMEs." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111569.

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The Internet is becoming a more and more influencing factor in our everyday life. It affects many of our daily tasks and it is a determining factor we built our decisions on. Especially in Sweden, retrieving information about products or services online prior to the purchase is a matter of course and emphasizes therefore its importance. A website offers a costefficient potential for smaller firms with limited resources to be visible for consumers and to compete on the larger market. However, the website adoption has been neglected amongst 41% of Swedish micro Small- and Medium sized Enterprises (SME), which raises the question why this phenomenon exists. Existing literature does not provide a solid explanation of this occurrence and this is where our study steps in. In order to answer our research question and to fill this gap, the study is designed as a qualitative multiple-case study with twelve semi-structured interviews conducted amongst the owner-managers of micro SMEs in different parts of Sweden. The study aims to fill the theoretical gap by identifying and explaining the reasons why micro SMEs in Sweden do not adopt a website. The empirical contribution is the development of managerial recommendations about how micro SMEs can overcome the barriers to adopt a website.  This research was guided by a conceptual framework, including strategic, consumer and customer, communication and interaction perspectives, as well as the perspective of the perception of websites. In order to carry out a profound analysis, we decided to apply two steps. The first step of the analysis was to connect the themes itself to theory in order to explore what the collected data represents so that reasons explaining why micro SMEs do not adopt a website could be found. The second step of the analysis included the exploration of the identified reasons in order to understand why these exist. The results from this study are expressed as six reasons why the owner-managers of micro SMEs in Sweden have not adopted a website. These reasons are: a wrong perception of a website, the lack of resources and competences, precaution, being a contractor to an umbrella company, being unaware of a website’s impact on the business and having successful network and offline-communication methods. The findings leave practitioners and researchers with an idea about what reasons are leading owners of micro SMEs to neglect a website and why these reasons exist.
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8

Potter, Justin Gregory. "Big data adoption in SMMEs." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52297.

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Big data and the use of big data analytics is being adopted more frequently, especially in large organisations that have the resources to deploy it. Big data analytics is allowing businesses to optimise operations and gain deeper insights into their customers needs and behaviours. There is, however, almost no published research into how big data analytics is being used by SMMEs and how they are doing this despite having constrained resources. The objective of this research was to explore the factors that contribute to the adoption of big data analytics in SMMEs. Nine qualitative, semi-structured interviews using the long interview method were conducted with respondents who worked in senior management positions in SMMEs that were using some form of big data analytics. Eight of these respondents were at EXCO level, seven had some level of business ownership and five were the Managing Directors of the organisation. The study found the use of evidence in decision-making and entrepreneurial orientation to be present. These organisations are both proactive and innovative, and limit their risk by the use of experimentation. This provides insights into how these companies develop novel business models through the use of cloud services and by providing the ability to digest and analyse data on their client s behalf. A framework is proposed and adapted. Suggestions for future research and limitations of the study are presented.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
sn2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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9

Hitchen, Emma L. "Open Innovation in SMEs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458437.

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This thesis focuses on the use of open innovation in SMEs. Open innovation helps to explain how small firms with fewer resources are able to successfully compete against larger firms. This work begins with a literature review, which analyses a decade of research into the topic, and provides a framework to categorise the barriers to open innovation in SMEs. The most frequent barriers found originate within the firm, at an organisational and cultural level. Following this is a quantitative study into the use of IPR, namely patents, industrial designs, trademarks and copyrights, in SMEs. A key result is that SMEs do not benefit from IP in the same way as large firms, and that they profit from IPR in different ways, depending on the size and corresponding IPR. The final part of this thesis comprises a qualitative study of the combined use of social media and open innovation in SMEs.
Aquesta tesi se centra en l'ús de la innovació oberta a les PIME. La innovació oberta explica com petites empreses amb menys recursos poden competir amb èxit contra empreses més grans. Aquest treball comença amb una revisió de la literatura, que analitza una dècada d'investigació sobre el tema, i proporciona un marc per categoritzar les barreres a la innovació oberta ens les PIME. Les barreres més freqüents s’originen dins l'empresa, a nivell organitzatiu i cultural. La següent part és un estudi quantitatiu sobre l'ús de la propietat intel·lectual, és a dir, patents, dissenys industrials, marques registrades i drets d'autor, a les PIME. Un resultat clau és que les pimes no es beneficien de la PI de la mateixa manera que les empreses grans, i que es beneficien dels drets de PI de diferents maneres, depenent de la mida i els drets de PI corresponents. La part final d'aquesta tesi comprèn un estudi qualitatiu de l'ús combinat dels mitjans de comunicació social i la innovació oberta a les PIME.
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Eliasson, Malin, and Senida Smajovic. "CSR Communication & SMEs." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9433.

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Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how SMEs in the Småland region define and communicate their CSR activities towards their stakeholders.

Background: Corporate social responsbility is a topic that is widely discussed today. In many cases the CSR agenda has been adopted by many large corporations. However there is a demand from governmental bodies to spread this agenda further to include and engage small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs). The main reason for this approach is due to SMEs being the most frequent type of business in Europe and is often influential in the local communities (Castka, Balzarova, Bamber, Sharp, 2004).

There is also a demand from stakeholders to receive information about CSR. Research within the field of CSR Communication has mostly been focused on large corporations. Recently, the focus has shifted towards SMEs and  it is still an emerging field.  The research  concerning CSR and CSR communication within the SME context is limited and therefore it is an important area that needs to be addressed.

Method: The purpose of this thesis was achieved by using the case study approach. Two companies; Smålandsbygg and Sköna Hem AB were investigated. Four respondents from each company were interviewed and the outcome of the interviews was analyzed together with the frame of reference.

Conclusions: According to the findings it is difficult to provide one common definition of CSR that can be applied for the two companies in the study. In general it might be difficult to provide a common definition of CSR in SMEs. According to previous research the way SMEs conduct their business is dependent on the owner and the personalities of the management. Consequently, there can be a variety of ways that SMEs are engaging in CSR or percieve CSR to be.

There are three different communication strategies when communicating CSR towards the stakeholders. It could be interpreted that both companies applied different communication strategies depending on which stakeholder they were communicating with.


 

Syfte: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur små och medelstora företag definierar och kommunicerar deras CSR aktiviteter gentemot sina intressenter.

Bakgrund: Företagets sociala ansvarstagande, även kallat CSR, är ett omdiskuterat ämne idag. I många fall har CSR agendan integrerats i de flesta stora företag. Emellertid finns det ett krav från statliga organ att sprida denna agenda vidare och engagera små och medelstora företag. Den främsta anledningen för denna ansats beror på att små och medelstora företag är den mest vanligt förekommande verksamheten i Europa och tenderar att vara inflytelserika i lokalsamhället. (Castka, Balzarova, Bamber, Sharp, 2004).

Det finns också efterfrågan från olika intressenter att få information om CSR. Forskning inom området CSR kommunikation har mest varit riktad mot större företag. Nyligen, har fokus skiftat till små och medelstora företag och är fortfarande ett område på frammarsch. Forskning inom CSR och CSR kommunikation i små och medelstora företag är begränsat och är ett viktigt område som måste uppmärksammas.

Metod: Syftet med den här uppsatsen uppnåddes genom att använda en fallstudie. Två företag; Smålandsbygg och Sköna Hem AB undersöktes. Fyra personer från varje företag blev intervjuade och resultatet från dessa intervjuer analyserades tillsammans med referensramen.

Slutsats: Enligt resultaten från studien är det svårt att tillhandahålla en allmän definition när det gäller CSR som kan appliceras i de två företag som var med i studien. Generellt sett kan det vara svårt att ge en allmän definition om CSR i små och medelstora företag överhuvudtaget. Tidigare forskning visar att sättet som små och medelstora företag drivs på, påverkas av ägarna och ledningens personlighet. Följaktligen kan det finnas flera olika variationer om hur små och medelstora företag är engagerade i CSR eller hur de uppfattar CSR konceptet.

Det finns tre olika kommunikationsstrategier när man vill kommunicera CSR till olika intressenter. De två företagen i studien applicerade olika kommunikationsstrategier beroende på vilken intressent de kommunicerade med.

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11

samier, suha, and Liang Qian. "Sustainable development in SMEs." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-10062.

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Анотація:

Nowadays, corporate responsibility is not only an issue for large international corporations but also for small- medium sized enterprise (SMEs) with limited resources and less market power. However sustainable development is not a compulsory lesson for SMEs to take, but it is one of the market approaches for a company to thrive and survive. As Donckels represented (1997) that entrepreneurship of SMEs do all their strength to be on its way to the next millennium. The purpose of this thesis is to describe and understand how sustainable business approaches can influence and enhance SMEs development despite of their barriers and limitations which are associated with their day to day management. For that reason, researchers are aiming to analyze closely and get pragmatic insight into the three dimensions of sustainable development (social, environmental, economic) and how the interaction among these three dimensions will benefit SMEs as a whole.

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12

Oni, Oluwasola. "Broadband adoption by SMES." Thesis, Brunel University, 2007. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5330.

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Анотація:
Because the benefits of broadband for businesses have been widely publicized, the UK government has tried to ensure that there is a wide and fast take-up of the technology. Initial figures showed that broadband adoption by SMEs was particularly slow and there has been little research on the use of broadband by businesses, particularly SMEs. An in-depth study into the roles and activities of the groups involved in broadband diffusion to SMEs was conducted. The innovation diffusion and social construction of technology theory were applied to develop a framework that addresses some of the issues not covered in previous literature. The research was carried out in two phases and the empirical data from these was obtained and analysed using a qualitative and interpretive approach. Whilst broadband adoption figures have picked up more recently the research results show that SMEs have not adopted broadband in its full capacity. The results show that factors including cost, quality of service, and lack of awareness might be a reason for this. Implications for policy makers and groups involved in broadband diffusion to SMEs have therefore been provided. The first phase of the research provides results that indicated that broadband has not necessarily changed the way the Internet is used by the SMEs. In the second phase, the results showed a wide if not incompatible difference among groups involved in the issues surrounding broadband diffusion to SMEs. Although the governi-nenht as provided funds for SMEs' adoption of information technology, the level of awareness displayed by SMEs is persistently low. A case is put that this may be because SMEs are unique as are their needs and so need to be targeted as individual businesses with individual needs as opposed to a 'one size fits all' solution.
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Cavraro, Martina Elisabetta <1989&gt. "Open Innovation and SMEs." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7949.

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Анотація:
The need of innovation is a crucial part for companies that want to improve their products or services. The complexity of what affects innovation is amplified when we talk about SMEs. They have different kinds of resources with respect to multinationals, but like them, they increasingly need to find a way to compete in an international scenario which is characterized by globalization. For this reason, the main way for improving is to find the perfect method that fits with the firm's aims. Open innovation is one of these methods that could help enterprises with the innovation process. The focus of my thesis is to understand and analyze how a small an new company, founded by an Italian artisan, has been able to use techniques and solutions used in other sectors in order to to design and produce his product. In the first chapter there will be a brief description of the economic context after the crisis and the factors that affect the international landscape. After this delineation, there will be a theoretical approach of innovation, in particular of open source innovation. In the last part there will be the final analysis of the chosen company.
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Shah, Mansoor Ali, and Hoyu Chao. "“Logistic Outsourcing Process in SMEs” - Case Studies of Four Taiwanese SMEs." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6041.

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Анотація:
Background: According to experts logistics outsourcing is a process and companies should develop their understanding about it as a process. Literature suggests a systematic and strategic approach for this process and also presents different models and aspects to improve logistics outsourcing as a process. But some scholars reveal a gap in literature regarding logistics outsourcing process in SMEs. They suggest in the discussion regarding logistics outsourcing as a process SMEs are totally ignored and there is a need to conduct research on this topic with perspective of SMEs. They also suggest the practices of SMEs in logistics outsourcing process are different from suggested process in literature. Research Questions: Q.1: According to the literature, how should companies develop and perform logistics outsourcing process? Q.2: How does the logistics outsourcing process in SMEs differ from the process suggested in the literature? Q.3: Why do the practices of SMEs regarding logistics outsourcing process differ from the process suggested in the literature? Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to reduce the gap in literature regarding logistics outsourcing in SMEs by studying their logistics outsourcing process to identify and understand the differences in their practices as compare to suggested process in literature. Methodology: This thesis is written from a positivistic perspective with a deductive approach. For this thesis multiple-case studies are employed by using qualitative research method. For empirical data collection semi-structured interviews are used and pattern matching is used as analysis method. Conclusion: Taiwanese SMEs do not have very structured and systematic process for logistics outsourcing which is exactly opposite to the suggested process by literature.  These SMEs are also performing some suggested aspects of logistics outsourcing process but not as recommended in literature and these aspects are also not integrated as a process. According to our findings, lack of understanding about logistics outsourcing as a process, limitation of resources and lack of interest of top management are main reasons for these differences in the practices of SMEs regarding logistics outsourcing process from the suggested process in literature. We also find that the reviewed literature and suggested models of logistics outsourcing process are focusing on strategic partnership between 3PLs and companies but the partnership between SMEs and their logistics services providers is more tactical in nature. This is also a possible reason of this difference.
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Yan, Lina, and Carol Musika. "The Social Media and SMEs Business Growth : How can SMEs Incorporate Social Media." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-74702.

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Анотація:
Background: The dramatic increase of the popularity of social media has affected in a large extent how SMEs reach and engage with their target customers to promote their products or services and to brand their firms. How SMEs incorporate social media for better business growth has gained huge attention from both academic and industrial sectors. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the aspects that are incorporated by SMEs when implementing social media in order to gain knowledge how SMEs could incorporate those factors when implementing social media. Research questions: What are those aspects that SMEs are incorporating to implement social media? Methodology: This study adopts six semi-structured interviews with six case organizations to identify and evaluate the aspects that are incorporated by SMEs to implement social media in the context of Sweden. Three small size and three medium-size firms in Växjö, Sweden who use social media for business purposes have been selected. Conclusion: The findings of this research identified and evaluated several aspects that are incorporated by all SMEs to implement social media in the context of Sweden: decision making about platform(s) and their deploying; governance responsibility; value metrics; accessibility; risk management; online community followers growing; content creation and updating; incentive strategy; monitoring social media sites; comments utilizing for future development; message processing rules; customer feedback timelines and report creating and sharing. The result shows the new approach of social media implementation which brought by Culnan, McHugh, and Zubillaga (2010) can help the researchers to identify and evaluate the aspects that SMEs are incorporating to implement social media, and chose to acquire knowledge that they can take advantage of from those aspects to incorporate and reinforce their social media implementation. Equally by putting into practice these aspects SMEs foster their growth in a number of ways such as customer relations, external and internal communication and several other ways.
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Mannathoko, Bame Joshua. "Survival analysis of SMMEs in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1531.

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This study investigates the factors influencing survival of micro enterprises funded by the Department of Youth in Botswana. Data drawn from 271 business ventures established between the years 2005 and 2009 was analysed by using the Cox proportional hazards model (CPHM), a survival analysis technique. Results from the analysis suggest that businesses operated by younger owners endure a higher risk of failure in comparison to businesses owned by older entrepreneurs while firm size at start-up was also a significant determinant of survival. As a component of human capital, a personal contribution to the start-up capital and prior employment experience were also found to be significant predictors of business survival. Regarding gender of the business owner, the claim that female operated businesses face a higher probability of failure when compared to businesses run by males was not supported by the study results. The amount of funding from the DOY at start-up was found not to have any influence on the survival or failure outcomes for the business projects. Based on these findings, certain policy implications can be deduced. This study recommends that policy makers focus more on human capital requirements of beneficiaries of government business development initiatives as well as entrepreneur contribution to start-up capital in order to increase the success rate of the business ventures. In addition, the capacity to perform continuous monitoring and mentoring of government funded businesses ventures, particularly SMMEs, should be increased within the relevant departments or alternatively outsourcing of the requisite skills should be considered. Lastly, recommendation to replicate this research, at a larger scale in future is proposed.
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17

Malm, Mikael, and Patrik Sundén. "Intäktsmöjligheter för SMEs på internet." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för medier och design, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-8124.

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Syftet med denna uppsats var att identifiera vilka möjligheter för SMEs att få intäkter med sina produktioner via internet. Syftet var även att undersöka vad SMEs tänker kring hur man kan använda olika intäktsmodeller. För att undersöka detta använde vi oss av en kartläggning av intäktsmodeller och gruppintervju. Kartläggningen baserades på tidigare forskning och användes för att få en överblick på vilka intäktsmodeller som används av företag idag. Gruppintervjun användes för att låta företag diskutera med varandra hur olika intäktsmodeller kan användas, och hur de tycker om användning av alternativa betalningsmetoder. Vi fann i vår studie flera olika intäktsmodeller och att företag använder ofta mer än en intäktsmodell. Intervjun visade på att SMEs ofta ser mer negativa aspekter på olika intäktsmodeller än vad de ser de positiva aspekterna. Studien visar på att det finns ett antal olika intäktsmodeller som SMEs kan använda sig av på internet, men att de måste vara innovativa och hitta vägar för att kombinera olika intäktsmodeller för att blomstra på internet.
The purpose of this paper was to identifying the opportunities for SMEs to obtain revenue with their productions online. The aim was also to investigate what SMEs think about how they can use the different revenue models. To investigate this, we used a mapping of revenue models and a group interview. The mapping was based on previous research and was used to obtain an overview of the revenue models used by companies today. The group interview was used to allow the company's to discuss with each other how different revenue models can be used, and how they feel about the use of alternative payment methods. In our study we found several different revenue models and that companies often use more than one revenue model. The interview showed us that SMEs often see more negative aspects of different revenue models than what they find the positive aspects. The study shows that there are a number of different revenue models that SMEs can make use of the internet, but they must be innovative and find ways to combine different revenue models to thrive online.
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18

Dastory, Linda. "Financing of Innovation in SMEs." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220923.

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This licentiate thesis consist of two essays. Both essays deal with corporate finance and its impact on innovation investment.  In the first essay we use German Community Innovation Survey to identify financially constrained firms. Contrary to previous studies we find that the relationship between financial constraints and firm size is inverted u-shaped and that it is the group of medium sized firms which has the largest funding gaps. This is explained by the fact that these firms have high innovation capabilities but at the same time face high cost of capital. Furthermore, we test if financial constraints have an impact on firm productivity growth. We find negative effects from funding gaps on productivity, but only for investment in tangible capital and not for innovation investments. The second essay investigates whether there has been a change in the productivity and funding mix of innovative SMEs post stricter bank regulations. Our result shows that the likelihood of using bank loans as a funding source has not changed for innovation investments nor for tangible investments after stricter capital regulations have been announced. On the other hand, sources such as subsidies have increased due to regulatory programs that have been implemented in the aftermath of the recent financial crisis. Furthermore, SMEs productivity has not changed post stricter bank regulations. Overall, the impact from different sources of funding on productivity is rather limited.

QC 20180110

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19

Ates, Aylin. "Strategy process in manufacturing SMEs." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11809.

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20

Sousa, Sérgio Dinis Teixeira de. "Quality improvement measures in SMEs." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422289.

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21

Gupta, Jairaj. "Essays on SMEs insolvency risk." Thesis, University of Hull, 2014. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10547.

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Анотація:
In light of the new Basel Capital Accord, Small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) play a fundamental role in the economic performance of major economies. Several lending communities proposed to treat SMEs as retail clients to optimize capital requirements and profitability. In this context, it is becoming critically important to have a detailed understanding of its risk behavior for appropriate pricing of credit risk. Thus, this thesis presents four essays on SMEs insolvency risk starting from chapter 3 through chapter 6 that investigates different dimensions of their default risk. My first essay makes distinction among SMEs that report operating cash flow and those which do not while modeling their default risk. However, I do not report any significant improvement in model’s classification performance when operating cash flow information is made available. Similarly, my second essay considers domestic and international SMEs separately while modelling their default risk and report almost identical classifications performance of the models’ developed for both the groups. The third essay compares the default risk attributes of micro, small and medium-sized firms respectively with SMEs. Test results suggest significant difference in the default risk attributes of only micro firms and SMEs. On a different line, my fourth essay deals with the methodological issues that have been witnessed recently in the bankruptcy literature that use hazard models for making bankruptcy predictions. This essay highlights the critical issues and provides appropriate guidance for the correct use of hazard models in making bankruptcy predictions. Here, I also propose a default definition for SMEs which considers both legal bankruptcy laws and firms’ financial health while defining the default event. Empirical results show that my default definition performs significantly better than its respective counterparts in identifying distressed firms with superior goodness of fit measures across all econometric specifications. Detailed abstract of respective essays are as follows. Evidence pertaining to SMEs financing strongly motivates me to believe that firms which are unable to generate sufficient operating cash flow (OCF) are more susceptible to bankruptcy. However, the role of OCF in bankruptcy of SMEs lacks empirical validation. Thus, my first essay (chapter 3) investigates the role of operating cash flow information as predictors in assessing the creditworthiness of SMEs. One-year distress prediction model developed using significant financial information of United Kingdom SMEs over a period of 2000 to 2009 confirm that the presence of operating cash flow information does not improve the prediction accuracy of the distress prediction model. My second essay (chapter 4) considers domestic and international small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of the United Kingdom separately while modelling their default risk. To establish the empirical validation, separate one-year default prediction models are developed using dynamic logistic regression technique that encapsulates significant financial information over an analysis period of 2000 to 2009. Almost an identical set of explanatory variables affect the default probability of domestic and international SMEs, which contradicts the need for separate default risk models. However, the lower predictive accuracy measures of the model developed for international SMEs motivate me to compare the weights of regression coefficients of the models developed for domestic and international firms. Test results confirm that four out of the nine common predictors display significant statistical differences in their weights. However, these differences do not contribute to the discriminatory performance of the default prediction models, given that I report very little difference in each model’s classification performance. A huge diversity exists within the broad category of Small and medium size enterprises (SMEs). They differ widely in their capital structure, firm size, access to external finance, management style, numbers of employees etc. Thus, my third essay (chapter 5) contributes to the literature by acknowledging this diversity while modeling credit risk for them, using a relatively large UK database, covering the analysis period between 2000 and 2009. My analysis partially employs the definition provided by the European Union to distinguish between ‘micro’, ‘small’, and ‘medium’ sized firms. I use both financial and non-financial information to predict firms’ failure hazard. I estimate separate hazard models for each sub-category of SMEs, and compare their performance with a SMEs hazard model including all the three sub-categories. I test my hypotheses using discrete-time duration-dependent hazard rate modelling techniques, which controls for both macro-economic conditions and survival time. My test results strongly highlight the differences in the credit risk attributes of ‘micro’ firms and SMEs, while it does not support the need to consider ‘small’ and ‘medium’ firms’ category separately while modelling credit risk for them, as almost the same sets of explanatory variables affect the failure hazard of SMEs, ‘small’ and ‘medium’ firms. My fourth essay (chapter 6) considers all serious and neglected concerns while developing discrete and continuous time duration dependent hazard models for predicting failure of US SMEs. I compare theoretical and classification performance aspects of three popular hazard models, namely discrete hazard models with logit and clog-log links and the extended Cox model. I report that discrete hazard models are superior to extended Cox models in making default predictions. I also propose a default definition for SMEs which considers both legal bankruptcy laws and firms’ financial health while defining the default event. My empirical results show that my default definition performs significantly better than the default definitions which are only based on legal consequence or firms’ financial health in identifying distressed firms. In addition, my default definition also shows superior goodness of fit measures across all econometric specifications.
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22

Ndiperu, Eyong Etta Minette, and Tzesiana Kiosani. "CSR and Business Strategies: SMEs." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37437.

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Aim – The aim of this study is to investigate the role that business strategy plays in theimplementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This research will enable us to answerthe questions of why SMEs get involved in CSR and How is CSR implemented/incorporated inthe business strategy of the company?Method – The study is based on an abductive research approach, which enables the theoreticalframework, empirical data as well as the analysis to evolve simultaneously. Information wascollected through semi-structured interviews from four representatives of three companies. Apurposive sampling is used to select the studied companies. Axial coding is used to analyze thedata and draw conclusions.Findings – The study shows SMEs are also very interested in CSR practices. There are severalmotivations behind SMEs involvement in CSR practices. These motivations include: theirinterest in doing good to other stakeholders (fulfillment of personal values), their image andreputation, an increase in employee involvement, and a stronger market position etc. The studyalso shows that business strategy has a significant role in the implementation of CSR.Conclusion – The results of this research show that CSR practices have an explicit noteworthyconnection with SME reputation. Incorporating your CSR strategy and your business strategyhas a positive effect in the implementation of CSR practices.
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23

Tiorini, Alis, and Qiuhong Jiang. "Strategic Management in East Asia SMEs : The Case Study of SMEs in China and Indonesia." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9454.

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Problem: Researchers argue that strategic management and its implementation has be-come the main focus in SMEs because of its role in generating economic wealth. Although, there are many advantages to use strategic management, there are still many SME organizations that resist using it, since some of them may think this process is only useful for larger organizations and they did not recognize that it‟s also very helpful for SMEs as a whole. Therefore, the organization face challenges such as how to use this strategic management, and how to recognize the importance of strategic management and so on.

 

 

Purpose: Our purpose is to find out how strategic management determines / affects / in-fluence SMEs performance in South East Asia and specifically in China and In-donesia. Moreover, its purpose is to identify the crucial factors that determine survival and growth in the two countries.

Theory: The theoretical framework is divided into several major parts. We start with looking at definition of strategy and different types of strategy in organization. The chapter continues with looking at SMEs strategic Management Model (Analoui & Karami, 2003), strategic choice, strategic fit and theory of firm per-formance i.e. dynamic capabilities (core capabilities). The last part of the chap-ter combine the previous theory, i.e. strategy and firm performance. More spe-cific, we use our theoretical framework of the process, regarding the effect of strategic management on SMEs performance.

 

Method: We chose qualitative method as our research method. We use case study to do this research and conduct interview to collect data. Qualitative is the appropriate method for this thesis since we aim to understand the phenomenon of SMEs strategic management on different levels. In order to gain more information, we conducted interview with middle management and top management of the com-pany. This method help us to explore into deeper stages of analyzing our subject and support our research.

 

Conclusion: We found there is no general answer on how strategic management determine / affects / influence SMEs performance in East Asia SMEs specifically in China and Indonesia. Further, the studied companies have more common characteris-tics than different characteristics. All of them are aware of the importance of us-ing strategic management. Moreover, our research indicate that understanding the role of internal & external factors, and constantly combining the two factors into daily operation are the crucial factors for these companies survival and growth in the two countries

 

 

 

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24

Mammadov, Karim, and Tamara Galusca. "Knowledge Management and National Culture in SMEs : A case study of Turkish SMEs in Sweden -." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2721.

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Background: The modern world is frequently referred to as a world of knowledge. In today’s business the role of knowledge is gradually increasing. The problem of how to manage knowledge to gain efficiency and competitive advantage forced modern companies to think about Knowledge Management and its applications. However, many companies, and SMEs in particular, seem to be not so common to this process.

Purpose: Since SMEs experience various problems in their daily activities this research aims to make them aware about the potential obstacles in Knowledge Management process. Therefore, this study tries to identify the cultural patterns in Knowledge Management, by considering it as a process.

Delimitations: Considering the triangle in which corner stones are SMEs, national culture and Knowledge Management this research provides a limited scope on studied area.

Realization: This study reviews its theoretical assumptions and tests them on the example of two case companies. The empirical findings gathered in those companies enlighten the assumptions of the authors and provide a ground for the analysis.

Results: Focusing on the case of Turkish SMEs in Sweden the authors of this research were capable to confirm the theoretically driven assumption and to show the relation between the concepts of national culture, SMEs and Knowledge Management.

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25

Khoshaba, Peter, Felipe Hernandez, and Marcus Berglin. "The internationalization of family SMEs: A network perspective : A qualitative study of Swedish family SMEs." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26785.

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Abstract Background: Family businesses have traditionally operated within their domestic borders and with a more global competitive market, family firms are more compelled to extend their operations abroad (Casillas & Acedo, 2005; Kontinen & Ojala, 2010). Times are changing and old internationalization theories is becoming outdated and new theories are evolving, the revised Uppsala model from 2009 is one of them. With the help of the revised Uppsala model we will try to see how family firms internationalize from a business network perspective. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to augment the research field of small and medium family business’s internationalization process with regards to the specific features of family firms. More specifically, we intend to develop an understanding of how specific features of family firms influence their international activities with regard to the network perspective of the Uppsala model.    Method: This is a qualitative study with an abductive approach which is founded on a multiple case study with two family firms. We look at how networks and relationships influence family firm’s internationalization process by conducting interviews with the top management of two family SMEs. We have conducted the interviews mainly with the two CEOs of the respective firm. Conclusion: The internationalization process of family SMEs has developed when relationships and networks have been established. The ownership structure of family firms convey particular aspects that has to be considered when investigating the internationalization process of family SMEs. Risk-avoidance and long-term orientation are central features for Family SMEs international activity.
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26

Tölle, Julian, and Herbst Fransisca Kappfjell. "The Business Model of Biotech SMEs : How do biotech SMEs cope with the industry’s challenges?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-126959.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate how biotech SMEs structure their business model to deal with the industry’s challenges. The first step was to lay a theoretical foundation of the business model and clarify ambiguities surrounding the business model concept. This lead to the Business Model Canvas, which was used as tool of analysis for this thesis. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with companies, experts and cluster managers, following the nine building blocks of the Business Model Canvas.   The results showed that two typologies of business models could be seen, which we divided in pharmaceutical biotech SMEs and non-pharmaceutical biotech SMEs. Both business models face challenges of research and development process, but to different degrees. Pharmaceutical biotech SMEs deal with long, costly and risky research process, which results in a research-centered business model. During the research period, these companies don’t generate revenues through sales. Non-pharmaceutical biotech SMEs on the other hand, face less harsh research and development processes, which allows them to market their products faster and generate revenue from sales. This results in a more customer-centric business model than the pharmaceutical biotech SMEs.
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Aamir, Suhaib, and Umar Farooq. "Assessing the Preparedness of Small and Medium-sized Entities in Sweden : to Adopt International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs)." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34857.

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SMEs serve as a backbone to keep an economy going and to boost it up in times of difficult hours like recession, for example. They are considered as the main source of modernization, innovation and entrepreneurial spirit. Like rest of Europe, 99% of enterprises are SMEs in Sweden which form a ratio of approximately 58 SMEs per 1000 inhabitants. Moreover SMEs employ around 60% of Sweden‟s manpower which shows their concern toward social responsibility.

Several companies irrespective of their size are bound by the statutory rules of a particular country in which they operate to prepare financial reports that conform to specified set of accounting principles. There has been much ongoing debate regarding the suitability of one set of accounting standards in a country for all its operating enterprises, regardless of their size. In July 2009 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) published the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs). The IFRS for SMEs is intended to be applied to the general purpose financial statements of entities that do not have public accountability. The main theme of our thesis is to examine the suitability and difficulties faced by SMEs in Sweden towards IFRS for SMEs. Furthermore, this thesis will identify the problems that will be faced by SMEs in Sweden, in the process of adopting IFRS for SMEs. Lastly, this study will be conducted to check whether SMEs in Sweden prefer to choose and use IFRS for SMEs or Swedish GAAP.

In order to achieve the determined objectives, the study "Assessing the preparedness of small and medium-sized entities in Sweden to adopt International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs)" was conducted. A qualitative research employing semi-structured interviews was carried out with eleven interviews in order to solidify the quality criteria of our research work. Sample was selected based on convenient sampling from Umeå due to the limitations of resources in terms of cost and time; opinions from three different categories of respondents (audit firms, SMEs and experts‟ opinion from the academic perspective) would be gathered. All collected data would be analyzed against the theoretical framework, and with the help of analysis conclusion regarding this study would be drawn.

Based on the qualitative results, the findings exhibits that SMEs in Sweden are not inclined towards IFRs for SMEs and are not ready in any way to adopt these standards. The Swedish GAAP has been designed over years and all SMEs are very much familiar with the rules and principles applicable in Swedish GAAP. Therefore, according to our research inclination of SMEs in Sweden is towards Swedish GAAP rather than IFRS for SMEs.

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28

Dzansi, Dennis Yao. "Social responsibility of SMMEs in rural communities." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03302005-112633.

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29

Caga, Siyabonga Macpherson. "Barriers faced by SMMEs in accessing finance." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1013348.

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Анотація:
SMMEs have been cited as major players in economic development in South Africa and in other developing countries. In South Africa SMMEs contribute more than 52 percent towards the GDP. Subsequently, the South African government has taken various steps to encourage their growth and to improve access to finance for SMMEs. Despite this, securing finance remains a challenge in this group of enterprises. Since SMMEs have unique financial needs, commercial banks and other funders are faced with difficulties in catering for them. Banks in particular have been reluctant in financing these high-risk ventures. SMME owners as a result still prefer informal sources of finance such as personal savings, retained earnings or friends or family rather than bank loans. The study purpose was to examine the barriers that are faced by SMMEs in accessing finance. To do this a survey was conducted on 40 SMMEs operating in the manufacturing sector in Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The research findings indicated various barriers that are faced by SMMEs in accessing finance. Dominating among the barriers are those that are related to perceived risks of SMMEs by funders, including lack of collateral or business assets, lack of financial statements, excessive red tape by funders, administrative burden associated with applications as well as unfair evaluation of risks and profitability of SMMEs by funders. Other factors that were identified as barriers were those that are associated with poor business plan development, poor business training and development and source of funding. The majority of the respondents recommended that there must be better risk and profitability evaluation, easy loan repayment methods, more government support for SMMEs, flexible eligibility criteria for SMME loans and proper loan amount allocations.
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30

Shayesteh, Afshar Christina. "Meeting SMEs need for IT : Exploring management issues of IT service deliveries to SMEs in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46269.

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Анотація:
Information technology provides organisations with effective system that facilitates their work which every enterprise is in need of. Large enterprises have always been a candidate for the market but now the market for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is growing and they are able to be competitive in their area of expertise. IT service companies who wants to work with SMEs must be aware of the conditions of IT implementation and IT adoption to be able to provide SMEs with the needed services. However, there is not enough research about the conditions for SMEs in Sweden which makes this an interesting area to study. This thesis tries to create a better understanding of what the conditions are for IT implementation and IT adoption in Swedish SMEs. A case study was conducted on one of the biggest IT service companies in Sweden and three semi-structured interviews were performed with employees. The employees had different roles but they all had experience about working with SMEs. The interviews combined with the related research made it possible to define some of the conditions of IT implementation and IT adoption. Forinstance, SMEs are in need of fast and cheap solutions because of their lack of long term planning. The size of SMEs and their lack of financial funds can prevent them from buying IT services if the IT service companies do not create solutions based on the conditions of SMEs.
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31

Odongo, Martha Pauline Ojok, and Olivia Rose Gram Thomsen. "Circular Economy and Organisational Learning for SMEs : A study of SMEs practising circular economy in Kenya." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45983.

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Анотація:
SMEs are an integral part of the Kenyan economy, and SMEs working with a circular economy (CE)can play a crucial role in contributing to sustainable growth and the nation’s sustainable development goals, Vision 2030. However, these SMEs face several challenges. This study aims to contribute to the body of research on CE and SMEs in developing countries, an area that is under-researched. Through the study, the researchers explore and bring to the fore the barriers and enablers experienced by SMEs practising CE in emerging economies. This study further examines whether SMEs can apply organisational learning to overcome and harness the barriers and enablers. This research is a qualitative study of an exploratory nature. Primary data was collected from SMEs across different sectors through semi-structured interviews. The main findings indicate that the SMEs face barriers with resources, collaborations, infrastructure, regulations and policies, culture, awareness, and the internal and external environment. However, these categories were also found to act as enablers in addition to adaptive spaces and knowledge management. The research further establishes that the present conditions in the external environment attached to weak policies and regulations are a barrier to progression and learning in CE. This study invites further research of circular economy in developing countries and practical solutions for a way forward.
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32

BATTAGLIA, DANIELE. "Balancing innovation and internationalization activities for SMEs growth: an empirical analysis on Italian and Spanish SMEs." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2710736.

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Анотація:
Nowadays more and more SMEs have to face pressures imposed by the globalization which limit their capability to grow. To overcome such liability, SMEs are called to innovate in order to introduce new products on new markets. However, threats imposed by shorter product life-cycle may render expensive and ineffective such strategy for the sustainability of SMEs business. In this vein, the capability of SMEs to excel into innovation and internationalization activities is gaining momentum in the agenda of scholars, practitioners and policy makers. The crucial dilemma affecting all these stakeholders is related with the complementarity existing between innovation activities, internationalization and firm performance (growth in particular for SMEs). In fact, despite the problems identified above, innovation may guarantee SMEs to enter market niches abroad more easily and to achieve a competitive advantage. At the same time, internationalization may enhance the product innovation capabilities of SMEs, thus sustaining business growth. Despite the importance of such topic, literature has provided contradictory indications about the complementarity and the capability to balance innovation and internationalization activities for SMEs growth. Some literature has pointed toward the existence of a positive relationship between export, innovation and growth, implying that such activities should be pursued and balanced to achieve superior performance. However, more and more scholars are trying to question such link recognizing it as problematic for SMEs, since it requires managers to allocate properly scarce resources among very different activities which may end up in a drain of resources and a loss of managerial attention in other strategic activities. Innovating and exporting are two activities which bring a number of benefits for SME performance when undertaken in isolation. (e.g. superior market and product knowledge, superior productivity). However, operating into international markets and developing new products entail also significant costs and organizational problems for SMEs. For these reasons, in this thesis, we analyse the relationship existing between internationalization, innovation and SMEs growth to explore the conditions enabling the balancing of such activities to achieve superior growth. In doing this, this work aims to answer two main questions, namely “if” and “how” SMEs can benefit from the contemporary balancing of internationalization and innovation endeavors. To explore these issues, this work analyses the relationship between internationalization, innovation and growth in the context of SMEs through the development of three empirical studies in different settings (Italy and Spain). To understand “if” the contemporary undertaking of those two activities could be beneficial to growth - after reviewing previous literature on the effect that international activities, innovation and their interplay have on SMEs growth - this work explores the relationship existing between internationalization, innovation and growth using a domain ambidexterity framework. In detail, it testes empirically the relationship existing between exports, R&D activities and growth showing that their balancing limits SMEs growth. To explore “how” SMEs can balance such activities to achieve growth, some conditions which may limit or boost the conjunct effect on growth of innovation and internationalization and some activities which may simplify their contemporary development are tested. In detail, this thesis investigates the role that innovation collaborations with universities and research centres, international experience and firm’s age have in moderating the impact of innovation and internationalization activities on SMEs growth. Specifically, we highlight that young firms are constrained if they try to balance such activities. However, “adolescent” firms are more able to balance them to grow. Moreover, empirical models show that being open to innovation partners as universities and research centres, or having some previous experience in international markets allows firms to successfully combine innovation and internationalization activities to sustain their growth. Finally, to provide a finer grained contribution the thesis deepen the exploration of the “how” question through the exploration of another way of internationalization (imports, rather than exports) in which firms are involved. Firms can be engaged not only in outbound international activities (i.e., selling products abroad through exports), but may also be involved in international operations through import activities. Despite the different finality that import and export have, importing requires anyway a commitment and an exploration of international markets to identify solutions viable for firm’s business and may complement the development of innovation activities. In this vein, the same managerial problems identified above may arise even when firms are engaged in import activities, but imports may enable SMEs to pursue more successfully exports and innovation, thus suggesting that it can be a relevant factor influencing the capability of firms to balance export and innovation to achieve growth. This work shows how SMEs can balance imports, exports and innovation to sustain growth. In this vein this research advances that imports should be an antecedent of innovation and export strategies. Several contributions are offered and discussed in relation to SMEs, international business, strategy and organization science literature.
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33

Kumlungsua, Nartlada. "SMEs' Internationalization Process via Strategic Alliances." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2513.

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Анотація:

The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe the internationalization process of SMEs which choose strategic alliances as entry mode. Understanding the internationalization of small firms is important to enhance knowledge of how they develop their business activities in international markets. Moreover, a strategic alliance perspective gives a critical insight of firms’ strategy to challenge in global competition.

The qualitative approach is chosen to carry out the research question and achieve the purpose of this study. A case study is therefore used to generate advanced knowledge and understanding. Anoto group AB, a small Swedish company is picked as a sample due to the criteria fitting. I collected both secondary and primary data through various sources.

The findings reveal that internal factors and external factors strongly influence the small company’s strategy. The advantage and core values of using strategic alliances motivate the small firm to go abroad. Due to the limited resources and knowledge, the small firm could not go globally alone. Using a strategic alliance can enable the firm to gain resources, gain market power and leverage competencies. Therefore, the small company can accomplish the goal in short time and be successful in international markets through managing alliances.

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34

Karimunda, Michel, and Lyna Alami Barumwete. "Financial Statements and SMEs' loan granting." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1234.

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Анотація:

Abstract

Date: 2007-05-16

Authors: Lyna Alami Barumwete

Michel Karimunda

Course: Bachelor thesis in business administration,10 Swedish Credits (15 ECTS)

Tutor: Margareta Paulsson

Title: Financial statements and SMEs’ loan granting.

Problem: How do banks use financial reports and accounts during

SMEs’ loan granting?

Purpose: The main goal of the thesis is to analyse how banks use financial reports and accounts during SMEs’ loan granting. Additionally, we will analyse what kind of information in the financial statements lenders prioritise when deciding to grant a loan to SMEs.

Methodology: We used a qualitative and deductive scientific method. The empirical material and data has been collected through four face-to-face interviews with three major banks operating in Umeå.

Conclusions: We found that financial and accounting information is significant during credit assessment for SMEs, especially when it comes to evaluate their repayment ability and control of their financial stability. Still, there are other factors that play a major roll and have therefore to be taken into consideration such as acquaintance and what the loan is going to be used for.

Key words: Financial information, auditing information, accounting

information, bank lending, credit assessment, credit-risk, loan and

credit granting, SME.

Number of pages: 55

Number of references/sources: 24

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35

Chang, Chi Wa. "SMEs' entrepreneurship and performance in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2002. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636692.

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36

Huang, Ing-wei, and 英維 黄. "Importance of SMEs Development in Thailand." Graduate School of International Development. Nagoya University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6287.

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37

Chen, Muxia, and Liu Bowen. "Strategic Management in Chinese Manufacturing SMEs." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, ESOL (Entrepreneurship, Strategy, Organization, Leadership), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18175.

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This study is about to find out whether and how strategic management is employed in the Chinese manufacturing SMEs, as well as to explore the main characteristics of the strategic management process in these SMEs. It aims to work as a reference for the senior managers in these firms to better improve and utilize the strategic management tools for their future growth.
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38

Min, Geum Young. "Servitization of manufacturing SMEs in motorsport." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252173.

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39

Tanvisuth, Arunee. "International entrepreneurship activities among Thai SMEs." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3273672.

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40

Berglund, Anders. "Assessing the innovation process of SMEs." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2007/44/LTU-LIC-0744-SE.pdf.

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41

Loane, Sharon Patricia. "The internationalisation of Internet enabled SMEs." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441168.

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42

Sze, L. (Le). "Malaysian SMEs internationalization through networks approach." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201904031400.

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Abstract. In Malaysia, 98.5 per cent of business incorporation is related to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs had contributed 36.6 per cent of the total gross domestic product in 2016, and it is expected to increase to 41 per cent in 2020. Importantly, Malaysian SMEs create 65 per cent of employment opportunities, and around 20 per cent of the Malaysian SMEs are actively operating their businesses with international partners or clients—internationalization. Although building and managing network relationship has been view as one of the most important ways to ensure the business sustainability in Malaysia, and yet, most of the Malaysian SMEs entrepreneurs are not equipped with a fundamental knowledge of networks in business management. Generally, the Malaysian SMEs entrepreneurs gain networks knowledge through practice, which means that they learn of how to develop, coordinate, and maintain a network relationship via trial and error approach. Undeniably, the trial and error approach is considered a meaningful learning process in business management. Notwithstanding, such a strategy is relatively risky and improper to be applied on internationalization. The reason given is that operating in the international market is more challenging than running a business in the domestic market; the Malaysian SMEs entrepreneurs may face many uncertainties in the global market without proper networks, such as customer needs, distribution channel, legislation, and so on. Thus, the objective of this thesis serves to answer: 1) How do networks affect Malaysian SME entrepreneurs to discover international opportunities and to operate their business in the international markets? 2) During the internationalization, what are the influences of networks on Malaysian SME entrepreneurs’ knowledge, experience, and future business ideas? The current thesis used Gioia methodology, a systematic inductive approach and rigorous qualitative method to develop the empirical model. Five companies from different industry were selected for the interview, including instant beverage, restaurant, bird’s nest supply, design and printing services, and hardware trading. This thesis contributes to the current literature of the Malaysian SMEs by integrating business network internationalization process model (Johanson & Vahlne 2009) and guanxi (i.e., personal relationship). In this regard, the Malaysian SME entrepreneurs are more focusing on the development of guanxi for the sustainability of businesses. In term of managerial implications, entrepreneurs could benefit from knowing how to make a prospect list of global markets and manage international network relationships. The findings of this thesis also important to Malaysian government and institutions; it could be served as a blueprint to plan and design a better training programme for the Malaysian SME entrepreneurs, such as the art of turning a business partnership into a personal relationship.
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43

Xiao, Li. "Financing high-tech SMEs in China." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2007. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/6568/.

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This thesis addresses a gap in the literature relating to the financing of technology-based SMEs in China, more specifically, it examines the sources and types of finance sought and used by high-tech SMEs in relation to the various stages of their development since China's 'reform and opening' in 1978. The central argument is that the development of high-tech SMEs in China has been strongly influenced by the availability of different sources of funding and the relationship between private enterprises and the banking sector in particular. The thesis analyses the financing of high-tech SMEs in relation to a three stage model of business development. It also draws upon concepts from institutional economies to interpret the changing relationships between high-tech SMEs and financial suppliers. The empirical evidence is based on the achieved 83 face to face interviews including 74 with owners/senior managers of high-tech SMEs and 9 with bank and government officials in the study region namely Guangdong and Guangxi. The results show that the ease of access to finance significantly varied through the three development stages. Internal finance and funds from individuate and private firms remained the key sources for high-tech SMEs at all three stages, with bank finance and venture capital yet to become significant sources at the start-up and early stages. A clear financial gap for medium and long-term funds was identified, placing a serious barrier on the ability of high-tech SMEs to invest in the R&D necessary for making radical and distinctive innovations at the start-up stage. Currently, the majority of Chinese high-tech SMEs are dependent on the application of existing advanced technology to products and services and rely on their low costs of production to compete with other high-tech companies.
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44

Liu, Hong. "How Chinese manufacturing SMEs implement BPR." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2007. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/769/.

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Анотація:
The contribution of SMEs is extremely important to the economy in China, so how can they improve their competition and enhance their innovation capability, which is a serious problem for them to consider? Owing to global business development influence, Chinese SMEs need to know Western management theories in order to recognise the difference between theory in the West and practice in the East and how these theories guide them in business management. In particular, business process re-engineering (BPR) theory is significant to Chinese SMEs redesign, restructure, and re-engineering of their enterprise in order to improve productivity and effectively enhance competition. So the ultimate aim of this research is to help Chinese SMEs to realise the existing problems when implementing BPR and help them flexibly use BPR theory in practice. To achieve this aim the research is based on an empirical study to present evidence on the current status of BPR used among Chinese SMEs and to show the problems that influence their adoption and utilisation of BPR theory in business management. In addition, a framework is proposed with identified aspects that improve BPR implementation in Chinese SMEs. In order to achieve these objectives the research shows six cases providing an in-depth description of how Chinese SMEs understand BPR theory and use re-engineering concept to improve their business operations. government policy factors influence Chinese SMEs' adopting and utilising BPR theory. These factors are used to develop a framework especially for SMEs use in Chinese cultural society. Implementation of BPR, in SMEs, is not widely discussed. Thus the study has important implications for research and practice; the limitations of the research; the contributions both in academia and practice; and the reflection of the research and future research, all of which are discussed.
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45

Hashim, Noor Azuan binti. "E-commerce adoption by Malaysian SMEs." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14590/.

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Анотація:
E-commerce adoption among SMEs has been much discussed in management information technology and technological innovation literature. However, most of these prior studies focused mainly on e-commerce awareness or factors that influence e-commerce adoption. This study, on the other hand, attempts to develop a holistic insight into e-commerce adoption by SMEs. It investigates why some SMEs adopt e-commerce readily, and others do not. In addition, this study investigates the appropriateness of government support for SMEs encouraging them to adopt e-commerce. There is very little research that assesses e-commerce adoption by SMEs, certainly none as extensive as this, and there is also very limited empirical investigation of government support for SMEs to adopt e-commerce. This study helps to fill this gap by exploring these issues relating to e-commerce and SMEs. The framework model proposed in this study was developed out of an integration of various perspectives using the technological innovation literature, specifically the DOl and TOE frameworks. This model considers internal factors (the demographic characteristics of managers and their organisations), external factors (particularly government support), and reasons for, benefits of, and inhibitors to e-commerce adoption. Data for this study were collected through a questionnaire survey of over three thousand SMEs in Malaysia and forty face-to- face semi-structured interviews with SME managers and government officials . ., Results show there is a low level of adoption of e-commerce by SME managers whether or not they received government e-commerce supports. E-commerce usage hardly extends beyond e-mail. Online buying and complex websites, such as websites with online ordering and online payment facility are not common. Websites are used to provide contact details and information about the firm and information about its goods and services only, without displaying prices. The SME and SME manager demographic characteristics show significant association with e-commerce adoption. Two important factors that facilitate e- commerce adoption emerge from these characteristics namely SME location and the manager's experience of living abroad. To encourage e-commerce adoption, SMEs in developing countries need not only to have appropriate technology infrastructure installed, but also to be in a location with good public transportation services and efficient delivery methods. SME managers also need experience of buying and selling on the Internet, which they might gain while living abroad. The interviews raise a number of questions about the effectiveness of government support programmes, and the ulterior motives of SMEs. The benefits of e-commerce are more often perceived than achieved. Interestingly, the reason that SMEs adopt e-commerce is to enhance company image, rather than its efficiency. From the research findings, a series of recommendations for e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Malaysia emerges, providing guidance for policymakers, practitioners, and academics. Many recommendations, such as the need to evaluate e-commerce initiatives, may perhaps be extended to government K'T policies in the developing world as a whole. The study exposes many gaps, often overlooked, between the rhetoric of e-commerce adoption and the reality. The model proposed in this study may be comprehensive for e-commerce adoption in firms. Future research can build on and extend the proposed integrated model by including other potential factors from different contexts. It will be helpful to explore other statistical analysis, either in the current model or in an enhanced one. The findings will help towards a better understanding for firms and government and suggest a quantitative basis for them to determine favourable policies and conditions for expanding their e-commerce. This study provides the impetus for future research on many issues.
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46

Roa, Baez Julian, and Remi Leon Igbekele. "Challenges of AI Adoption in SMEs." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301269.

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Анотація:
This thesis paper discusses the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in the context of small and medium-sized companies. AI is a disruptive innovation currently leading a technological transition in many industries. Academic literature on its adoption in the context of SMEs is limited. This thesis aims to answer the research question "W hat are the main challenges of AI adoption in SMEs?". The authors use a qualitative research approach, interviewing 18 representatives of different Swedish organizations to answer the question. The authors identify six main challenge categories regarding AI adoption in SMEs via a coding process, which are Change Management, Education, Data, Hiring, Project Structuring, and External Help. The authors show similarities to challenges described in the existing literature on AI adoption. However, Hiring and External Help impact AI adoption in SMEs more significantly than in larger corporations, while Change Management can be easier for smaller organizations. Furthermore, a framework that helps to prioritize the above challenges is introduced. In comparison with literature on the adoption of other (non-AI) IT innovations in SMEs, some challenges are more salient to AI: the unclear definition of the term, false expectations as a result of the AI Hype, the uncertainty of project outcome, and the prerequisite of a previous digitalization process. The authors recommend further research in other contexts.
I denna avhandling diskuteras införandet av artificiell intelligens (AI) teknik i små och medelstora företag. AI är en disruptiv innovation som för närvarande leder en teknisk övergång i många branscher. Den akademiska litteraturen kring dess användning i små och medelstora företag är begränsad. Denna avhandling syftar till att besvara forskningsfrågan "Vilka är de största utmaningarna med att införa AI i små och medelstora företag?". Författarna använder en kvalitativ forskningsansats och intervjuar 18 representanter från olika svenska organisationer för att besvara frågan. Författarna identifierar sex huvudsakliga utmaningar områden avseende AI-adoption i små och medelstora företag via en kodningsprocess: förändringshantering, utbildning, data, anställning, projekt strukturering och extern hjälp. Författarna visar på likheter med de utmaningar som beskrivs i den befintliga litteraturen om AI-användning. Anställning och extern hjälp påverkar dock AI-användningen i små och medelstora företag mer påtagligt än i större företag, medan förändringshantering kan vara lättare för mindre organisationer. Vidare introduceras ett ramverk som hjälper till att prioritera ovanstående utmaningar. I jämförelse med litteratur om antagandet av andra (icke-AI) IT-innovationer i små och medelstora företag är vissa utmaningar mer framträdande när det gäller AI: den oklara definitionen av begreppet, falska förväntningar som ett resultat av AI-hypen, osäkerheten från projektresultatet och förutsättningen av tidigare digitaliseringsprocess. Författarna rekommenderar ytterligare forskning i andra sammanhang.
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47

Dattée, Gabrielle, and Léa Pons. "Industrial Symbiosis involving SMEs in France." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149709.

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Industrial Symbiosis (IS) refers to the collaboration of traditionally separate industries that benefit each other through the physical exchange of materials, water, energy and/or by-products. Firms engaging in IS approach aim to mutualize resourcesor equipment(i.e. mutualization synergies), or to substitute resources with the output of another company (i.e. substitution synergies). Despite the obviouseconomic, environmental and socialbenefits provided by IS, this procedure remains fledgling, especially in France.In order to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges induced by such a procedure, we conducted a qualitative study involving the interviews of seven actors who brought a global perspective towards IS implementation in French SMEsand who provideinformation and organizational framework so that to create successful IS networks. Studying IS involving SMEsin Francehighlights several challenges that embrace the specificities of the scope of our study: firms suffer from a lack of structure, a lack of resources (i.e. human, time, material), and a short-term vision, and are evolving within anextremely bureaucratic and highly procedural country. Implementing a successful IS in France with SMEs requires at first to overcome the entry barriers when approaching SMEs, which is often the role of facilitators working in associations. The other main stakeholders involved in the synergies, firms but also public and private actors,must establish a common networkin order to carry properly the synergiesand to make themsustainable. As France is characterized by place-oriented IS systems, networks that lead to synergies are built at a local scale which is relevant for mutualization synergies, but which can appear as an obstacle to detect substitution synergies as it maynot involve enough firms.
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48

Ebner, Stephan, and Susanne Leone. "U.S. compliance for german SMEs 2021." Universität Leipzig, 2021. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74483.

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49

Rönnberg, Hanna, and Jenny Areback. "Initiating transformation towards AI in SMEs." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell Ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79343.

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Анотація:
Purpose – The purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. The purpose will be fulfilled through identifying which opportunities that exist for SMEs and which challenges they are facing. Additionally, we will identify which requirements are necessary to face these challenges. Method – A qualitative approach was most suitable for this study since the purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. It was also suitable since we have collected data through interviews. We have done a single case study where we have studied one supply chain. Finally, we have had an inductive research approach which means that we have gathered a theoretical background which has founded the base and the background for our study, but our interviews have founded the result of the study and created a conclusion based on that. Findings –The result of the study provides identified opportunities with AI for SMEs, what challenges can occur, and which requirements that are needed to face the challenges. The opportunities are identified as forecasting, maintenance and repair, self-optimization, and tracing and tracking. The identified challenges when initiating transformation towards AI are cultural difficulties, lack of external communication, lack of internal communication, limited internal processes, and lack of resources. The requirements are identified as automation, data, strategy, and capabilities. The opportunities, challenges and requirements are summarized in a framework. Theoretical and Managerial Implications – We have contributed to literature by exploring how an SME, as a mass production company, can benefit from AI by identifying opportunities, challenges, and requirements. Additionally, the framework guides SMEs to prepare for opportunities with AI and ensure that they have all of the requirements. Further, by understanding which requirements that are necessary for a transformation and which challenges that can occur, managers can reduce risk of failing projects. Limitations and Future Research –The number of studied companies together with that the study is a single case study limits the generalizability. It creates a suggestion for future research where a wider set of data can be collected. Additionally, we have identified challenges that can occur, however how companies should face these challenges in the best way is a suggestion for future research.
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50

Wu, Meixian. "Brand management in SMEs in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231253.

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SMEs have been developing rapidly in Sweden since the last decade; many of them have developed a strong brand and went global. Brands can be utilized as a tool for people involved in the ecosystem to consistently communicate with the stakeholders. On the customers’ side, decisions on purchasing certain products are often made by symbolic attributes. According to studies, brand management can benefit an organization’s performance. Brand management is critical for the substantiality of SMEs. Many studies have been done on brand management in larger organizations. Only some research has been done on SMEs brand management, from which it was concluded that SMEs placed very little or no priority on brand management. In this thesis, the author studies brand management in SMEs in Sweden, by using Wong and Merrilees’s model (2005) on three archetypes of brand orientation. The aim of this study is to get insights on what brand-related activities can help with the goal of heightening brand awareness for customers. This research is done by a qualitative study based on three in-depth interviews undertaken with small-sized organizations and a supplementary desktop research with data from authority.
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