Дисертації з теми "Smart charging system"
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Langschwager, Matthew T. "Cyber Physical System Modeling of Smart Charging Process." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13420593.
Повний текст джерелаThis research presents cyber-physical systems (CPS) modeling of the smart charging process to both identify and analyze potential vulnerabilities that may exist during the interaction and integration between an Electric Vehicle (EV) and the Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (EVSE). As EVSEs are increasingly being integrated into building energy management systems and interfaced with electric vehicles, safe and secure integration of these systems is of paramount importance for the safety and security of the nation's critical infrastructure and people. Both the charging station and electric vehicles have electro-mechanical components built from 3rd party providers, and there is no mechanism to check for safe and secure integration of EVs and EVSEs. The overall goal of the proposed research is to apply formal methods to verify and validate the cyber-physical interactions between the EV and EVSE to gain insight into vulnerable system states and their impacts. To that end, each component (EV and EVSE) was considered its own cyber-physical system and then separately broken down into individual states of operation. The states of each system were compared to determine how the EV and EVSE interacted on a fundamental level, with one system's state becoming the catalyst for change within the other system. These individual models were completed and subsequently integrated using the open-source software Ptolemy II. Upon successfully completing the interactions, the model was scrutinized using linear temporal logic (LTL) operators to test its veracity and projectability. The initial EV/EVSE model was then altered to emphasize previously determined vulnerabilities within the integrated system in order to verify their existence and potential for harming the system. Two such vulnerabilities were demonstrated in this research to confirm integrity of the model, which will be a valuable asset going forward to ensure the future safety of both operators and consumers regarding EV and EVSE interaction.
Färm, Emil. "Smart charging of an electric bus fleet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444348.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Yu. "System operation and energy management of EV charging stations in smart grid integration applications." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCA030.
Повний текст джерелаElectric vehicles (EV) have the advantages of zero direct emissions and high electrical energy conversion efficiency. However, EV charging facilities remain largely scarce due to the high investment and operation costs. In order to improve the penetration rate of EV charging facilities, the system control and economic operation optimization of EV charging stations (EVCS) are studied in this thesis.Firstly, as the control fundamentals of upper-level energy management system (EMS), the primary control techniques are studied for the real-time operation of an EVCS. In order to ensure the stability, dynamic capability of the EV charging micro grid system, this work investigated the coordinated control techniques of an EVCS with a local PV system and ESS.Secondly, in order to reduce the operation costs of the EVCS, an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) based EMS is proposed for the EVCS equipped with multiple types of chargers (EVCS-MTC). Multiple EVs can acquire the charging service through a common charger in the EVCS-MTC. In the proposed EMS, the ADP and the evolution algorithm (EA) are combined to determine the optimal charging start time for each EV.Lastly, in order to integrate the renewable energy into EVCS, a finite-horizon Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation is proposed for the optimal operation of a PV assisted EVCS in a university campus, employing the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology to provide ancillary services and taking dynamic electricity price and uncertain behaviors of EV owners into considerations
Alghamdi, Turki. "Interactions of Connected Electric Vehicles with Modern Power Grids in Smart Cities." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42513.
Повний текст джерелаSchmalfuß, Franziska. "Acceptance of Electric Mobility System Components and the Role of Real-Life Experience." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-231870.
Повний текст джерелаSahilaushafnur, Rosyadi. "Study and Analysis of Asymmetrical Charging as A New Electrical Vehicle (EV) Smart Charging Method." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264103.
Повний текст джерелаFör närvarande har spridningen av elektrifierade fordon (EV) ökat snabbt. Att ta hänsyn till EVanvändarnas synvinkel, laddningstiden och platsen att ladda sin bil är väsentliga faktorer. Ökning av EVpenetration ger också inverkan på det elektriska nätverket, såsom överbelastning och problem med kraftkvalitet. IEC 61851 och ISO 15118 är de två primära standarderna för att tillhandahålla krav på elfordonsförsörjningsutrustning (EVSE) för att säkerställa att laddningsprocessen kan genomföras på ett adekvat sätt utan att störa det elektriska systemet i allmänhet. Efter standarder och med tanke på användarens preferens på laddningsplats bör en ny laddningsmetod som kan dra högre energi än befintlig teknik utvecklas. Ett tre-fas nätanslutet hemsystem modelleras i denna studie för att se effekterna av obalanserad hushållsbelastning på en trefasladdning. Lastmodelleringen täcker variationen i lasten på sommaren, våren / hösten och vintern. Specifika användningsområden för elektricitet distribueras i ett trefas hemsystem som består av fas 1: kallapparat, matlagning, standbylagare och andra laster; fas 2: värmepumpar, audiovisuella (TV- och ljudsystem) och datorstorlek; och fas 3: Blixt och tvätt. Två laddningsmetoder definieras i denna modell, som är symmetriska (befintlig standard) och asymmetriska (föreslagna). I symmetrisk teknik drar ombordladdaren (OBC) lika fasström oberoende av hembelastningar anslutna i varje fas i trefassystemet. Trefassystemet kommer inte att balansera helt i denna metod. Under tiden, i asymmetrisk metod, kommer OBC att dra återstoden av strömmen i varje fas enligt dess realtids tillgänglighet genom att balansera alla tre faserna i hemmet. Den asymmetriska metoden förväntas uppnå snabbare laddningstid än symmetrisk laddning på grund av högre energitillgänglighet. Det finns tre huvudfall definierade i denna studie: teoretiskt fall (EV debiteras från timme 00:00), 0-100% SOC-fall och användarfallet (avståndsinriktningen avgör bilfrågan). Resultatet av simulering avslöjar att asymmetrisk laddningsmetod kan ge högre tillgänglig energi än asymmetrisk teknik. Säkringsgraden påverkar mycket på detta resultat. Om den högre säkringsgraden som tillämpas i samma belastningsprofil kommer energiförbrukningen mellan symmetrisk och asymmetrisk att minska. Men fortfarande har den symmetriska metoden aldrig bättre energitillgänglighet än den asymmetriska metoden, varken med 16 A-säkring och 20 A-säkring. Detta resultat av energitillgänglighet blir en indikation för det teoretiska fallet, i vilket asymmetrisk metod kan ge fler laddningscykler än den symmetriska metoden, särskilt för 16 A-säkringssystem. För alla fall som har simulerats visar den asymmetriska metoden fördelar när det gäller minskning av tid och kostnadsminskning. På ett år är besparingen av timmar med laddningstid som kan uppnås genom en ny laddningsmetod i ett säkringssystem på 16 A så hög som 8 timmar och 4 timmar för 0-100% SOC-fall respektive partiell laddning av användarfall (mindre än 50% ungefär). I en kostnadsjämförelse på tre år är de pengar som kan sparas med den asymmetriska metoden i ett säkringssystem på 16 A så höga som 35 Euro för 0-100% fall och 23 405 Euro i användarfallet. Efter erhållna simuleringsresultat visar den asymmetriska metoden en lovande prestanda för den nya laddningstekniken när det gäller varaktighet och sparande. Det finns ett behov att driva en ny standard för att realisera genomförandet av denna avgiftsaktivitet. Ett kommunikationsschema mellan energimätare, EVSE och OBC bör inrättas för att utbyta information om aktuell tillgänglighet i realtid. Nya ACinformationssekvenser kan anpassas från DC-laddningskommunikationsstandarden, IEC 61851-24.
Huber, Julian [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weinhardt. "Engineering User-Centric Smart Charging Systems / Julian Christoph Huber ; Betreuer: C. Weinhardt." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216949328/34.
Повний текст джерелаHuber, Julian Christoph [Verfasser], and C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weinhardt. "Engineering User-Centric Smart Charging Systems / Julian Christoph Huber ; Betreuer: C. Weinhardt." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216949328/34.
Повний текст джерелаBonora, Giulia. "Analysis of the impact of stationary energy storage systems in trolleybus grids using Simulink-based modelling." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25832/.
Повний текст джерелаFachrizal, Reza. "Synergy between Residential Electric Vehicle Charging and Photovoltaic Power Generation through Smart Charging Schemes : Models for Self-Consumption and Hosting Capacity Assessments." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik och byggd miljö, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419665.
Повний текст джерелаLöfgren, Louise. "Elbilsladdnings påverkan på elnätet : Simuleringar av Gävles lokala elnät med olika laddningsmönster." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36846.
Повний текст джерелаThe transport sector is facing a transition from combustion engine vehicles to electric vehicles. Through this action the carbon dioxide emissions in the transport sector can be reduced. The purpose of this study is to observe how an increased power use from electric vehicle charging (EVC) affects the local electricity grid in Gävle. The study also addresses how different charging techniques affect the electricity grid. The background of this study is to the increase awareness of the capacity of the electricity grid. There is a need from the electricity grid company to look over the impact on the grid from EVC. This could also be useful for others looking over the impact on the electricity grid from EVC. This is a hot topic and lots of other studies look over the different aspects of EVC. Previous studies also examine different types of charging techniques and how smart charging reduces the negative impact on the electricity grid. Smart charging is a way to adjust the EVC by regulating it after different parameters and connecting the entire electrical grid. This study simulates existing measured values of the low-voltage grid in Gävle and various types of EVC. This study examines the power use of existing measurement data as well as load current and voltage drops in the electricity grid with different load profiles in four different areas. Results from this study shot that EVC affects the electricity grid, to what extent depends on the type of charging technology used and the dimensions of the electricity grid. The study shows that electricity use in the area has power peaks in the afternoon and evening with residential customers, but power peaks tend to be in the middle of the day if there are industries in the area. EVC increase the load on the electricity grid, causes voltage drops and a few fuses in the grid to be triggered. Charging with 11 kW between 16:00-19:00 and charging with a power monitor of 13.8 kW create the greatest voltage drops and highest load on the grid. Charging without means of control affects the electricity grid the most but charging with a power monitor also creates problems. Charging with 5.5 kW between 23:00-06:00 as well as when only 50 % of all customers charge with 11 kW between 16:00-19:00 impacts the grid the least. Charging with low power during the night when the base load is at its lowest is the charging technology that is most favorable for the electricity grid. Results also show that the grid can handle a higher load of EVC in the near future if only some of the customers in the network start using electric vehicles.
Dushku, Mergim, and Ekholm Julius Kokko. "Charge into the Future Grid : Optimizing Batteries to Support the Future Low-Voltage Electrical Grid." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157358.
Повний текст джерелаÖkningen av elbilar och elproduktion från solceller kan ge problem i lågspänningsnätet. Med ett ökat antal elbilar kan den sammanlagrade effekten vid laddning underskrida den minsta tillåtna spänningsnivån i nätet. Solpaneler kan däremot leda till att den högsta tillåtna spänningsnivån överskrids, genom att producera en hög sammanlagrad effekt när solstrålningen är som högst. Vanligtvis förstärker elnätsbolag i Sverige det befintliga nätet med motståndskraftigare infrastruktur, såsom kraftigare och större kablar eller transformatorstationer. Detta är dock en kostsam och tidskrävande lösning, som skulle kunna lösas med alternativa medel, till exempel redan existerande resurser. Detta examensarbete undersöker hur smart laddning av batterier kan ge stöd till lågspänningsnätet, med en ökning av elbilar samt solcellsproduktion. För att undersöka detta har ett optimeringsverktyg utvecklats i Matlab. En befintlig modell av ett lågspänningsnät har kombinerats med det utvecklade optimeringsverktyget, där styrbara batterier samt solcellsproduktion kan placeras vid specifika hushåll i elnätet. De styrbara batterierna är antingen elbilar eller stationära batterisystem, och är ämnade till att stödja lågspänningsnätet genom att antingen reducera effekttoppar, spänningsvariationer eller en kompromiss av båda. Vidare undersöker detta examensarbete det maximala antalet elbilar som ett specifikt lågspänningsnät i Sverige kan hantera. Resultaten visar att smart laddning av batterier kan reducera effekttoppar samt spänningsvariationer. Reduceringen av spänningsvariationerna för hela lågspänningsnätet visar sig vara högst under sommaren, vilket är då solcellsproduktionen generellt är som högst. Resultaten visar även att stationära batterisystem kan reducera spänningsvariationer ytterligare, jämfört med en elbil. Att introducera flera styrbara batterier tillåter ett ännu större stöd till lågspänningsnätet. Angående det maximala antalet av elbilar som ett lågspänningsnät kan hantera visade resultaten att placeringen av elbilarna samt laddningseffekten har en stor påverkan.
Borne, Olivier. "Vehicle-to-grid and flexibility for electricity systems : from technical solutions to design of business models." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC023/document.
Повний текст джерелаTransport industry being one the first CO2 emitters, there is an urgent need to decarbonize this sector, which could be achieved by the conjunction of the electrification of the vehicles and decarbonization of the electricity generation mix. In conjunction with increasing flexibility needs to support the introduction of Renewable Energy Sources, the development of Electric Vehicles could add new constraints for System Operators if charging process is not managed in a smart way.However, considering mobility requirements, there is a flexibility in the charging pattern of the vehicles, which could be used to offer flexibility services to System Operators, using smart-charging algorithms. Moreover, this flexibility could increase with the possibility to have reverse flow from the battery to the grid.Research focused mainly, during last years, on the design of algorithms to provide services with electric vehicles, taking into account mobility needs of users. In this thesis, we try to go beyond this design of algorithms, going through the different steps to elaborate a viable business model. We focus on the provision of one service – Frequency Containment Reserve – identified as the most valuable for Electric Vehicles equipped with bidirectional chargers
Karlén, Albin, and Sebastian Genas. "Marginaler för morgondagen : En kvantitativ analys av flexibiliteten hos aggregerade laddande elbilar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177967.
Повний текст джерелаThe electrification of the car fleet is taking place at a frenetic pace. Additionally, demand for electricity from other sectors of the Swedish society is expected to grow considerably in the coming decades, which in combination with an increasing proportion of intermittent energy sources puts increasing pressure on the electrical grid and prompts a need to adapt to these changes. A proposed solution to part of the power system's upcoming challenges is to utilize the flexibility available from charging electric vehicles (EVs) by letting an aggregator control a large number of EV chargers and sell the extra capacity to, for example, Svenska kraftnät's balancing markets. To quantify how much flexibility charging EVs can contribute with, the aggregator needs to make forecasts of how much power that is most likely available at a given time – a point forecast – but also an estimate of what power level the aggregator almost certainly will exceed – a quantile forecast. In this study, an investigation has been made of how the forecast error changes if the amount of aggregated EV chargers is increased, and how much an aggregator can lower their margins when selling the flexibility to be able to deliver according to the bid with certainty. This was done by quantifying the flexibility of 1000 EV chargers located at mainly workplaces, and by scaling up and down the data through random sampling. For these groups, probabilistic forecasts of the flexibility were then made with a moving average forecast as well as an ARIMA model. Based on the forecasts, potential revenues were finally simulated for the case where the aggregator uses the available flexibility for up-regulation to the balancing market FCR-D up, which is a frequency containment reserve that is activated in the event of disturbances. The results show that a tenfold increase in the number of aggregated EV chargers more than halves the forecast error. The two forecast models proved to have comparable precision, which suggests that the moving average forecast is recommended due to its lower complexity compared to the ARIMA model. The increased precision in the forecasts also resulted in higher revenues per charger. The average income from delivering flexibility from 1000 aggregated electric car chargers to FCR-D amounted to SEK 6900 per month, or SEK 0.8 per session – figures that would probably have been higher without the corona pandemic's increased share of work done from home. A 99 percent confidence level for the quantile forecast resulted in a safety margin of varying size, which on average was around 90 percent for 100 chargers, 60 percent for 1000 chargers and 30 percent for 10,000 chargers. Most flexibility was shown to be available on weekday mornings when approximately 600 kW was available at most for 1000 chargers. By examining frequency data for the Nordic power grid from the past ten years, the joint probability that a more than 50 percent activation of the FCR-D bid would coincide with the outcome for the available capacity being one-in-a-hundred-low, was concluded to be nearly non-existent – likely only once in about 511 years. For the aggregator to place bids based on a 99 percent confidence level can thus be considered safe.
Wang,Sheng-Wei and 王昇唯. "A study of smart charging system." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60722631753991033755.
Повний текст джерела國立彰化師範大學
電子工程學系
104
This article is based on the concept of travel charger as a basis for the use of a Microchip PIC16 (L) F1936 wafer analogy signals into digital signals, via a 16x2 LCD display module shows the battery voltage, current, temperature, and also monitor the voltage, current, ,temperature. Preventing the battery voltage is too high because the current is too large, abnormal temperature rises beyond the setpoint range it off to protect the lithium battery, to avoid damage to the battery, so that in the shortest time to reach fully charge the battery. And establish a connection with the computer through a USB to RS232, using Microsoft Visual Studio draw a relationship between voltage, current, temperature of the curve.
LIU, HAN-HSUEH, and 劉翰學. "Smart Selecting Charging Management System for Electric Vehicles." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3u48k7.
Повний текст джерела明新科技大學
電機工程系碩士班
107
The main cause of climate change is global warming, which has many negative consequences on biological and human systems. In order to reduce the use of fossil fuels, many countries have begun to develop green energy technologies. Using electric vehicles to replace internal combustion engine vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is a key issue. How to build effective charging system is the first priority for the development of electric vehicles. This thesis proposes a smart selection charging management system for electric vehicles. Before charging, the charging system selects an electric vehicle with higher priority to charge according to the load condition, sate of charge of electric vehicles and the priority settings. In order to avoid frequently switching between electric vehicles, the system is designed to have a charging cycle time of 10 minutes. After 10 minutes operation, the charging system will reselect the electric vehicle with higher priority to charge. This process is repeated until all electric vehicles are fully charged. The feasibility of the developed smart selection charging management system for electric vehicles is demonstrated by the case studies, and the research results can be used as a reference for the development of electric vehicle charging system in the future.
BRITOS, WALTER RAMON LEGUIZAMON, and 雷拉蒙. "Implementation of Smart Charging and Network Reconfiguration for Operating Cost Reduction in Power Distribution Systems." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49975659915543314773.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
電機電力工程國際碩士學程
104
A procedure for implementing smart charging and network reconfiguration is formulated in this thesis. This technique aims to mitigate the negative impact in the operating cost that may occur due to the presence of large number of electric vehicles connected into power distribution systems. Price-based demand response is implemented for smart charging, where the electric vehicles are charged based on their availability and the energy price. A day-ahead market is considered, from where the forecasted energy price and initial load profile is collected. Linear programming optimization model is used to determine the hourly charging level of each electric vehicle with the goal of minimizing the charging costs. After the smart charging is carried out, the total scheduled charging load is added to the forecasted initial load profile of the distribution system. Network reconfiguration considering the switching cost is then performed to reduce the operating cost of the distribution system resulting from power losses and the switching operation. Genetic algorithm technique is adopted to determine the hourly configuration of the system. The proposed procedure is tested in a modified IEEE system under smart grid framework. Simulations results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
"A Novel Battery Management & Charging Solution for Autonomous UAV Systems." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.49138.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Computer Engineering 2018
"Stochastic Optimization and Real-Time Scheduling in Cyber-Physical Systems." Doctoral diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15890.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Ph.D. Electrical Engineering 2012