Дисертації з теми "Smart bike"

Thule Sweden AB is a company that develops products to facilitate people's adventures. The companyfocuses on various transport solutions where products are offered in four product categories which areSports and Cargo Carriers, Active with Kids, RV Products and Packs, Bags and Luggage. Thecategories consist of everything from roof racks, roof boxes, bicycle carts and strollers to tents for RVsand caravans and backpacks for everyday life.A problem that Thule Sweden AB has identified is the limited opportunity to bring important objectswith you on your bike. The pursuit of a possible solution would, in the company's opinion, be a newconcept for transport where a bicycle could be used. This is due to an increase in the number ofcyclists in all possible areas. With an increasing number of cyclists, new needs and problems alwaysarise at the same time as the company wants to explore a potential development of the existingpackage holder "Tour Rack" in the product collection. The result of the new concept would mean thatit would be integrated with the package holder, where new transport options could be created.The report covers the steps taken to find a solution to enable the transport of objects that have beenidentified as difficult to carry on a bicycle. This has been done with the help of a product developmentprocess where a lot of focus has been on the customer's wishes and needs. Initially, a boot camp wasconducted to identify the target group and possible objects that cyclists considered difficult to bring.This step led to the establishment of a requirements- and function specification, which was the basisfor the generation of several different concepts. The concepts were eliminated and decisions onfurther development were made where one concept was considered to be the best according to theboot camp. The concept was developed step by step and verified using physical prototypes and tests.The tests consisted of assembling manufactured prototypes with the desired objects, which were thenintegrated with the package holder. This was done to ensure the function of the concept.Through this process, the study resulted in a concept where an H-shaped geometry is integrated withthe package holder "Tour Rack". The concept has three integration points in form of screws thatenable an easy mounting process and a functionally stable concept for transport. Securing of objectstakes place by the user tightening two straps over the placed object which attaches softly between tworubber surfaces.

Traffic congestion has become one of the major challenging problems of modern life in many urban areas. This growing problem leads to negative environmental impacts, wasted fuel, lost productivity, and increased travel time. In big cities, trains and buses bring riders to transit stations near shopping and employment centers, but riders then need another transportation mode to reach their final destination, which is known as the last mile problem. A smart bike-sharing system (BSS) can help address this problem and encourage more people to ride public transportation, thus relieving traffic congestion. At the strategic level, we start with proposing a novel two-layer hierarchical classifier that increases the accuracy of traditional transportation mode classification algorithms. In the transportation sector, researchers can use smartphones to track and obtain information of multi-mode trips. These data can be used to recognize the user's transportation mode, which can be then utilized in several different applications; such as planning new BSS instead of using costly surveys. Next, a new method is proposed to quantify the effect of several factors such as weather conditions on the prediction of bike counts at each station. The proposed approach is promising to quantify the effect of various features on BSSs in cases of large networks with big data. Third, these resulted significant features were used to develop state-of-the-art toolbox algorithms to operate BSSs efficiently at two levels: network and station. Finally, we proposed a quality-of-service (QoS) measurement, namely Optimal Occupancy, which considers the impact of inhomogeneity in a BSS. We used one of toolbox algorithms modeled earlier to estimate the proposed QoS. Results revealed that the Optimal Occupancy is beneficial and outperforms the traditionally-known QoS measurement.
PHD

For everyday cycling, one needs to carry rainproof clothing just for the case of unexpected downpours. In the present research, we present a concept for a helmet which is automatically rainproof when the rain starts. When the sun comes out, the helmet is breathable again even before it completely dries up. This functionality is provided by active hydrogel meshes. Hydrogel meshes offer great advantages due to their ability to change the aperture size with swelling and deswelling. In our current work, we present the design and modeling steps for hydrogel-layered active meshes which use (i) swelling and deswelling in hydrated state and (ii) swelling starting from the dry state. The main goal is to close the air openings of a bicycle helmet when rain starts as an automatic rainproofing. This can be achieved through the swelling of the hydrogel pNiPAAM-co-chlorophyllin in the meshes, which leads to closing when hydrated. At the same time, the light-sensitive behavior leads to opening of the apertures under direct sun exposure, i.e. when the sun appears again after the rain. We present the steps of modeling and design using the Normalized Extended Temperature-Expansion-Model (NETEM) to perform simulations in Abaqus. The model is capable of describing both the swelling of the hydrogel under light stimulus and the volume change due to hydration. It is based on the analogy between free swelling and thermal expansion and defined for nonlinear displacements. We also discuss the fabrication process of hydrogel-layered fibers and challenges in their application and simulation. As a proof of concept for hydrogel-layered meshes, we show preliminary experimental results of a poly(acrylamide)/poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAAm/PAMPS) hydrogel with semi-interpenetrated network (SIPN) structure and its swelling capacities on a mesh. Starting from the active hydrogel meshes as presented in the current work, the next step can be smart textiles that harness the power of hydrogels: the adaptation to combinations of stimuli - like humidity, temperature and brightness - that define environments.

While there has been considerable research regarding the role of Mobility Hubs in cities and transport networks, significant investment is required to develop these facilities. It is the correlation between investment, new users’ attraction and revenue generation that is the key for a sustainable development of Mobility Hubs and this investment must, therefore, be correctly assessed and targeted. This study aims to develop a methodology to determine the viability of investing in Mobility Hub features, weighing the investment on different Hub features and services against expected potential benefits and revenue generation, addressing the question: Can investment in Mobility Hub features be justified and, if so, which features maximize its expected positive impact? Based on a review of literature and definition of possible Hub features as variables, secondary research data was compiled to enable the analysis of expected impacts of each variable/feature in terms of new user’s attraction and revenue generation, which was then used to develop individual Net Present Value analysis of each feature. The result of these analysis demonstrates and concludes that different Hub features have the potential to generate substantially different investment outcomes, and that each feature should be analyzed individually prior to investment decision. It was also concluded by this research that the proposed assessment methodology can be used for future research on other listed Hub features, albeit with the constraint that primary data will be required when secondary research data is not available.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte des « villes intelligentes », où le traitement de l'information améliore la qualité de vie. Elle étudie la perception de l'environnement, et plus particulièrement la perception de la pollution de l'air en ville, à l'aide de capteurs sur vélos. Le premier chapitre introduit les défis techniques et scientifiques, en terme de collecte de l'information et de modélisation, appliqués au domaine de l'aérologie. Le deuxième chapitre s'intéresse à la conception d'une flotte d'instruments mobiles de mesure de la pollution de l'air. Nous caractérisons la forme du réseau de capteurs nécessaire à la modélisation, d'une part à l'aide de la littérature et d'autre part via une simulation. Le troisième chapitre expose notre réalisation d'un tel instrument. Nous l'avons articulé autour d'un micro-capteur à métal-oxyde semi-conducteur (capteur MOx) de NO2 et CO, le MiCS-4514, et évalué ses performances en milieux contrôlés. Le quatrième chapitre présente les deux déploiements de cet instrument dans la ville de Toulouse, d'abord auprès d'une association de location de vélos puis avec des « vélo-taffeurs » de notre laboratoire, et le jeu de données collecté. Enfin, nous estimons les niveaux de pollution en NO2 et en CO dans la ville
This thesis takes place in the context of "smart cities", where the information processing improves the quality of life. It studies the perception of the environment and especially the perception of air pollution in the city using sensors on bikes. The first chapter introduces the technical and scientific challenges in terms of information collection and modeling applied to aerology. The second chapter presents the design of a fleet of mobile instruments for measuring air pollution. We characterize the shape of the sensor network needed for modeling, on the one hand using the literature and on the other hand using a simulation. The third chapter deals with the development of such an instrument. We have built our instrument around a semiconductor metal oxide micro-sensor (MOx sensor) of NO2 and CO, the MiCS-4514, and evaluated its performance in controlled environments. The fourth chapter presents the two deployments of this instrument in the city of Toulouse in France, first with a bicycle rental association and then with bikers from our laboratory, and the dataset collected. Finally, we estimate the pollution levels in NO2 and CO in the city

Vi befinner oss i en transformation där elcykeln tillför en ny dimension av mobilitet. Samtidigt sker ett teknologiskifte där Internet of Things (IoT) möjliggör uppkoppling av produkter till varandra och från produkt till människa, på ett sätt som tillför nya värden. Elcykeln är inget undantag. Med IoT blir elcykeln intelligent; den smarta elcykeln är här. Smarta elcyklar är nytt på den svenska marknaden. För att förstå hur affärsmodeller och betalningsmodeller kan skapas kring denna nya produkt undersöks inställning till, och drivkrafter för, den smarta elcykeln. Vidare prövas inställningen till olika betalningsmodeller.Resultaten visar att elcykelcyklisten är intresserad av att skaffa sig en smart elcykel och helst vill man betala hela beloppet direkt vid köpet, även om man är öppen för alternativa betalformer som bygger på cykeln som tjänst.I arbetet konstateras att det finns samband mellan teknikintresse och inställningen till smarta elcyklar liksom samband mellan inställning till olika betalningsmodeller och inställning till den smarta elcykeln.Arbetet utgör en grund för vidare forskning kring den smarta elcykeln och affärsmodeller baserade på elcyklar uppkopplade genom IoT.

Le transport est devenu fondamental dans les villes pour le bon fonctionnement de l'économie et le bien-être de la population urbaine. Depuis plusieurs années, le transport est confronté à de nombreux problèmes tels que l'embouteillage, le taux élevé d'accidents, la vie malsaine due à la fumée et à la poussière, la pollution atmosphérique due aux émissions de carbone, etc. Pour faire face à ces problèmes, les recherches intègrent les technologies numériques au transport terrestre, connu sous le nom de système de transport intelligent (ITS). Les ITS peuvent détecter, analyser, collecter, contrôler et communiquer différentes données. Cette thèse étudie et propose un nouveau protocole pour les applications de collecte de données dans un environnement urbain. Nous faisons trois contributions principales. Tout d'abord, nous proposons un nouveau protocole dénommé le protocole "Internet of Bikes" IoB-DTN qui applique le paradigme DTN (Réseau tolérant aux délais) aux applications de l'Internet des objets (IoT) exécutant une application de collecte de données sur un système de partage de vélo urbain basé sur un réseau de capteurs. Le protocole est évalué sur un scénario réaliste en évaluant les politiques de gestion des buffers, le nombre de copies pulvérisé dans le réseau ainsi que le nombre des vélos utilisés. Deuxiément, une évaluation comparative des performances du protocole IoB-DTN multi-sauts avec une technologie de réseau étendu à basse consommation (LPWAN), de type LoRa/LoRaWAN est étudiée. LPWAN a été conçu pour fournir une connectivité à grande distance et rentable pour les applications IoT à faible débit: durée de vie de plusieurs années et une portée de multikilomètres pour les appareils mobiles alimentés par des batteries. Cette partie de notre travail vise à fournir aux concepteurs et aux managers de réseaux des idées sur la technologie la plus pertinente pour leurs applications urbaines pouvant fonctionner sur des systèmes de partage de vélos. Enfin, nous proposons un protocole efficace, IoB-DTN basé sur un mécanisme d’agrégation de données. Nous proposons trois variantes de IoB-DTN: IoB basé sur l'agrégation spatiale (IoB-SA), IoB basé sur l'agrégation temporelle (IoB-TA) et IoB basé sur l'agrégation spatio-temporelle (IoB-STA). Nous comparons les trois variantes avec le protocole multi-saut IoB-DTN sans agrégation et la technologie à faible puissance et longue portée, de type LoRa. Les résultats de la comparaison permettent de vérifier que les trois variantes de l’IoB-DTN basées sur l’agrégation de données améliorent plusieurs paramètres tels que le taux de livraison, la consommation d’énergie et le débit
Transport has become fundamental in the cities to the well functioning of the economy and the welfare of the city population. For several years, transportation faces many issues such as traffic jamming, high accidents rate, unhealthy life due to smoke and dust, air pollution as a result of carbon emission, etc. To deal with these matters, researches integrate digital technologies to ground transportation which is known as Intelligent Transport System (ITS). ITS can sense, analyze, collect, control and communicate different data. This thesis investigates and proposes a new protocol for data collection applications in an urban environment. We make three main contributions: firstly, we propose a new protocol denoted the "Internet of Bikes" IoB-DTN protocol which applies Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) paradigm to the Internet of Things (IoT) applications running a data collection application on urban bike sharing system based sensor network. The protocol is evaluated on a realistic scenario by assessing the buffer management policies, the number of copies sprayed in the network as well as the number of bicycles used. Secondly, a comparative evaluation of the performance of the multi-hop IoB-DTN protocol with a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology, LoRa/LoRaWAN type is investigated. LPWAN have been designed to provide cost-effective wide area connectivity for small throughput IoT applications: multiyear lifetime and multikilometer range for battery-operated mobile devices. This part of our work aims at providing network designers and managers insights on the most relevant technology for their urban applications that could run on bike sharing systems. Finally, we propose an efficient IoB-DTN protocol based on data aggregation mechanism. We propose three variants of IoB-DTN: IoB based on spatial aggregation (IoB-SA), IoB based on temporal aggregation (IoB-TA) and IoB based on spatio-temporal aggregation (IoB-STA). We compare the three variants with the multi-hop IoB-DTN protocol without aggregation and the low-power long-range technology, LoRa type. Comparison results verify that the three variants of IoB-DTN based on data aggregation improve several metrics such as the delivery rate, energy consumption and throughput

碩士
聖約翰科技大學
電子工程系碩士在職專班
100
In this paper, an intelligent bicycle installations, this smart device contains the human heart rate sensor design, environmental temperature and humidity,atmospheric pressure sensor, refers to the outside refers to the number of measurements, G-sensor anti-theft application design and the design of an electric power storage and conversion output. This device can be combined through a wireless Bluetooth module and smart phones do they know the sensor data and applications sent to the smart phone, smart phone's high-speed computing capabilities, large screen display as well as GPRS and WIFI this information into the cloud to do more potential applications. And run through the bike through a small power generators, after a power storage and conversion,can supply the smart device power, lighting and the help of smart phones do standby power charging. Even an all day in the outdoors do not have to worry about no power, so that you never ever use of clean energy. Activities to become smarter, more comfortable riding a bike.

碩士
明道大學
材料與能源工程學系碩士班
106
In recent years, the rise wave of bicycle riseup and the government promotion of the U-Bike. Many people who take a short range most choose to ride this rental bicycle. To make the population of the cycling family greatly improved. Therefore, bicycle safety issues will be more important than ever. And bicycles in the past always had a big problem. There is no direction light to let the rear car knows the next turn. This is also the main reason to cause so many accidents. Another problem is that most bicycles are generally not equipped with rearview mirrors and the rider unknown the rear situations. This paper is to improve the problem of bicycle riding. Combined with the most popular 3D printing technology. Using 3D printing plasticity and high precision to make the entire apparatus and accessories. And the photo-interrupter sensor element is determined as a bicycle steering. Achieve the direction light when the faucet turns 7 degrees. Combined with the ultrasonic module to measure the rear car. Buzzer and light up reminder light within 180cm of the rider. Improve safety when riding. And we explore how to install this system on Ubike. Previous studies of objects, stand or appearance can only be hand-made . Nowadays, the technology that we uses 3D printing not only design a more beautiful appearance. It can also make the length, angle and mechanism more precise and accurate. And the printing speed is fast and can use Environmentally friendly material. Most of the advantages are better than traditional production or handmade.

碩士
淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
103
This thesis aims to develop an embedded system which is embedded in the bicycle for detecting the environmental information when the rider riding the bicycle. The collected information includes voice, CO2, holes on the road as well as temperature. To achieve this some sensors, including g-sensor, temperature sensor and CO2 sensors should be installed in the Arduino hardware. The information collected by the developed embedded system will be stored locally and will be automatically transmitted to the mobile device when the bicycle has been return at some specific locations.

碩士
南臺科技大學
電子工程系
105
The industry is growing rapidly in early days, and the transportation vehicles which depended on petrochemical energy becomes normal. The greenhouse gas emissions influences weather more and more obviously in recent years. While Taiwan government promise to make every effort on energy conservation reduction of CO2, promotion of non-oil energy transportation vehicle like bikes are used more often. Almost everyone has more than one bike in a family. Riding bike becomes leisure sports. When a user rides a bike, he/she is not easy to pay attention to security and the body conditions. This thesis is to discuss how to design an intelligent bike system. The function includes heartbeat sensor module which can detect heartbeat and remind users to take a relief when their heartbeat is too high. The bike can automatically turn on the light as well as the left or right signal light to enhance security when it is dark. In order to save cost, we developed a mobile phone APP to combine the bike that can provide map and GPS position recording.

碩士
國立中興大學
資訊管理學系所
105
People''s awareness of environment has rise in recent years, more and more energy saving and carbon reduction policy were popularized and got attention by the government, people were also gradually changing their habits and customs to rejoin the concept of green life style. Bike rental service combine sightseeing with exercise, is always a popular public transport. In Taiwan, Youbike is a well-known brand of public bike rental service, however, in China, they have another type of bike rental service, which is a fully station-less bicycle-sharing system. Except to find out the difference between the two type of bike rental service and each of their problems, this research also want to solve current bike rental service encountered difficulties by using blockchain technology and smart contract, and to make a feasible solution for the realization of bicycle sharing economy.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.
Os sistemas de Bike-sharing disponibilizam o aluguer de bicicletas aos utilizadores a um pre co acess vel, melhorando assim a mobilidade urbana. Atualmente este e o meio de transporte que mais rapidamente se est a a expandir pelo mundo, com um crescimento agregado de 45% desde 2007. Hoje em dia existem mais de 800 cidades com programas de Bike-sharing. Um dos principais desa os na gest~ao de sistemas de Bike-sharing e assegurar que os utilizadores n~ao ter~ao problemas em encontrar bicicletas e lugares de estacionamento em qualquer esta c~ao do sistema, independentemente do momento do dia. Por em, o comportamento dos utilizadores faz com que as bicicletas tenham uma distribui c~ao assim etrica. Portanto e necess ario um sistema de reposicionamento de bicicletas de modo a manter o n umero adequado de bicicletas em cada esta c~ao, para a satisfazer a procura por parte dos utilizadores. O reposicionamento de bicicletas e uma opera c~ao dispendiosa em termos de log stica e sua ine ci^encia representa a principal causa de insatisfa c~ao nos clientes. O desenvolvimento de algoritmos que ajudem e aconselhem os condutores das carrinhas que fazem o reposicionamento das bicicletas a equilibrar as esta c~oes de forma e caz e precisa e um passo muito importante em termos de sustentabilidade destes sistemas. Nesta disserta c~ao ser a apresentado o tema An Intelligent Bike-Sharing Rebalancing System. Este sistema representa um valor adicional para o projeto Smart BikeEmo- tion desenvolvido pela empresa Ubiwhere.
Bike-sharing o ers users bikes-on-demand at an a ordable price, improving urban mobility. It is currently the fastest growing way of transportation in the world, with an aggregated growth rate of around 45% since 2007. Nowadays there are more than 800 cities with bike-sharing programs. Currently, one of the main problems and challenges in the management of Bike- Sharing Systems is to assure that users will be able to nd available bicycles and parking slots in a station independently of the time. However, users behaviour causes bicycles to be asymmetrically distributed. Therefore a Rebalancing System is needed to maintain the adequate number of bikes at each station, in order to satisfy the demand. Rebalancing is a costly operation in terms of logistics and its ine ciency represents the main cause of dissatisfaction within customers. The design of algorithms that help and advise operators to redistribute bicycles accurately and e ciently through the cities is a very important step in terms of sustainability of these systems. In this thesis an Intelligent Bike-Sharing Rebalancing System will be developed. This system represents an additional value to the project Smart BikeEmotion developed by Ubiwhere.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
資訊網路與多媒體研究所
101
This paper describes a bike tracking system in the campus area. In a big school like National Taiwan University, students commute to class by a bike and place their bike in a crowded parking area. When they retrieve their bike, they sometime have trouble finding their bikes easily if they forget its spot. The first common problem is that people waste lots of time seeking their bike in a parking area because after they park their bike for a couple of days. The second problem is bike theft shown in the previous study[4]. Therefore, a power-efficient, non-intrusive, friendly-user daily life bike tracking system is provided to solve the problem. The design is to set a customized Bluetooth tag on the bike and trace the bike location by employing a smart phone with low power consumption and high accuracy. This paper includes user requirement analysis, system design and implementation, evaluation, basic user bike mobility analysis and a discussion about android development feature in this system as well as how it does not disturb user daily life while sensing the bike location.

碩士
淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
103
In recent years, mobile phone manufacturers have launched smart phones primarily, but Google also launched a Android smartphone operating system, and Android operating system and provides an open mobile platforms. Many sites have special web services, and other services such as Google Map. However, when the user wants to use the service provided by different sites, you can mix and match the way through the integration of these services, to produce the services they need. The study is based on Google Map as a service platform, then combine Smart-Bike implement cloud services Google Map application, partly by GPS positioning data, humidity, CO2, noise, temperature, etc. as do MySQL database and data integration stored for future integration of other applications and data correlation process. Information disclosure we have established in the Android Mashup Engine to match a Google Map data, and then do the processing through data on MySQL, and Smart-Bike Information Technology to Google Maps API to provide map services, and through a web platform will be consolidated as the future of information application queries.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
管理學院工業工程與管理EMBA專班
106
In an era of energy scarcity and energy conservation and carbon reduction, bicycles are a convenient and environmentally friendly means of transport. They are also popular and popular sports and fitness products in all countries of the world. The global market produces more than one hundred million bicycles in a year, and it has formed more. It is an important part of the development of important industries and green transportation systems; in Taiwan, it is more common to build and upgrade bicycle lanes, and the concept of a bicycle island is developing. Relatively speaking, the safe use of bicycles is even more important. Taiwans bicycle industry is the leader in the world. Of course, the safety of bicycles has been improved, especially in the structural strengthening and functional transformation of the bodywork of the frame, and a growing number of warning accessories have been added. Development, but for warning products but no obvious warning effect, give research. This study will focus on bicycle warning accessories, especially the improvement of signal effects and integration of functions as the direction of efforts; collect relevant literature and patent searches, and use the TRIZ model to explore the existing problems and classify them into 39 engineering parameters. Introduce contradictory matrices to obtain 40 inventive principles and deduce the results. And confirm the improvement effect from the experiment process, aiming at the improvement before the existing most lamps need to manually switch the power supply and the LED display glow recognition problem is adjusted to improve (1) can automatically turn on the power The Bicycle Light Signal Device Capable of Automatic Activation And Light Signal System Using The Same and (2) The Turn Signals Lamp For Bicycle; to achieve the intelligentization of the bicycle signal Inductive and systematic operation methods are designed with automatic induction and power saving and high degree of recognition of the microcomputer MMS, and in line with human factors, the user is willing to install the like, and the universal use improves security.In addition, the invention patent applications (US 9,415,820 B2) and (Taiwan: I511898; I523785) of the two functions are completed with the industrial utilization, novelty and progress of (1)(2); With the use of the warning function, we can achieve a high security warning effect. At the same time, we can use systematic intelligence sensing, miniaturization, power saving, and even the use of derivative networking (IOT) products.

碩士
逢甲大學
西班牙薩拉戈薩大學物流供應鏈管理與創新創業雙碩士學位學程
105
Bike Sharing Systems (BSSs) are growing in popularity and many countries have implemented bike-sharing systems in urban areas. Not only can BSSs improve user’s health, increase transportation choices and convenience, but they also reduce travel time and costs. This is in addition to reduce carbon footprint, reduce energy consumption and the attendant improvements in the environment. The origins of bike sharing, the challenges that come with bike sharing, and a historical background of the different generations of bike sharing schemes are discussed. The study analyzes how the current capabilities of third generation “smart-dock” systems compare and identify areas that may attract more riders and reduce operational costs; assessing several technology options. The study focuses on the capabilities of recently developed fourth generation “smart-lock” systems. It evaluates the costs and benefits of a couple different approaches to technology integration into BSSs in terms of business and technical feasibility. Finally, the study discusses the pros and cons of the different approaches drawing conclusions about the optimal design and business models for developing “smart keyless locking system”.

碩士
淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
103
Riding bicycle has been a popular exercise nowadays. However, there is no efficient way to support communication between bicycles. This problem is especially significant when a group of riders want to communicate with each other. With the advances of smart phone in terms of its hardware and software supports, developing apps in smart phone is much more easy to support the user with a variety of functions. This thesis aims to develop a communication system to support a group of riders when they riding bicycles. The WiFi-direct technology will be applied to carry out the communication between members of the rider group. A variety of functions, including unicast, multicast as well as broadcast will be supported in the developed communication system. In addition, we will support an alert subsystem to notify all the other members when one member falls from the bicycle. Furthermore, a guiding subsystem will be developed to guide the rider along the way and timely show the road status to the rider. I expect that the developed communication system will make the bicycle riding exercise safer and more convenient in information exchange between bicycle riders.

Master Dissertation (Master Degree in Engineering and Management of Information Systems)
Nos dias que correm, a mobilidade assume especial importância no quotidiano das áreas metropolitanas em crescimento no país. . Com o notório crescimento das cidades, torna-se necessária e urgente uma transformação dos costumes e formas de mobilidade dentro das áreas urbanas, alterando as realidades aparentes que hoje conhecemos. Inseridos numa sociedade cada vez mais consciencializada e alerta para as questões ambientais, é essencial transportar esta mentalidade renovada para a resolução das problemáticas citadinas. Assim, o conceito de “Cidade Verde” levanta uma série de questões que exigem uma resposta eficaz para o bem-estar dos seus habitantes. Por entre as várias soluções apresentadas para estas patologias, uma das mais promissoras é, sem dúvida, o sistema de mobilidade partilhada. Pela sua dimensão, é pertinente expor o caso prático da cidade de Barcelona, em Espanha, explorando o seu sistema de partilha de scooters, um meio que adquire especial importância como meio de transporte urbano. Como qualquer sistema em constante aprimoramento, procura-se uma solução para a problemática da variação de procura, que apresenta oscilações constantes, tanto a nível temporal como geográfico, resultando na falta de veículos em algumas áreas e excesso noutras. Assim sendo, o rebalanceamento do sistema torna-se crucial para uma possível maximização na utilização de veículos, satisfazendo a procura e potenciando um aumento da sua utilização. No correr desta dissertação, foram estudados e utilizados vários métodos de otimização moderna (metaheurísticas) para a procura de soluções (sub)ótimas para o(s) percurso(s) a percorrer pelo(s) veículo(s) que executam a redistribuição das scooter/bicicletas pelas diversas áreas abrangidas pelo sistema de partilha. Deste modo, foi desenvolvido um sistema de apoio à decisão para satisfazer estas necessidades, garantindo ao utilizador toda a informação relevante para um trabalho mais eficiente e preciso.
Nowadays, mobility is especially important in the daily life of the country growing metropolitan areas. With the increasing influx of people and development of these large cities, the reality of mobility that we know becomes increasingly unsustainable. Along with mobility, the environmental concerns are one of the main topics of discussion worldwide and the population is starting to act and change the way they live to find a more “green” and sustainable way of doing it. Several proposals have been put forward, trying to mitigate this issue and, one of the most promising is, undoubtedly, shared mobility systems. In this case study will be addressed the Barcelona scooter sharing system, characterized by its great size and importance as a mean of urban transport. One of the problems presented by these sharing services is that demand varies widely, both temporal and geographical. Thus, there are several cases where there is a lack of vehicles in some areas and an excess in others. The rebalancing of the system is crucial to maximize vehicle utilization and meet customer demand. In this thesis, several modern optimization methods (metaheuristics) were used to search for (sub)optimal solutions for the redistribution route(s). A decision support system was developed to meet this end, giving the end user relevant information for a more efficient and precise work.