Статті в журналах: "Sm3+ IONS"

1

Nogami, Masayuki, Toyonori Eto, Kazuhiro Suzuki, and Tomokatsu Hayakawa. "Redox equilibrium and spectral hole burning in Sm2+-doped Al2O3–SiO2 glasses." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 8 (August 2002): 2053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0304.

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Sm2+ ion-doped Al2O3–SiO2 glasses were prepared using sol-gel and melt-quenching methods; the redox equilibrium and spectral hole burning were investigated. The Sm3+ ions were reduced into Sm2+ by heating in H2 gas or x-ray irradiation. The redox between the Sm3+ and Sm2+ obeyed first-order kinetics, the rate of which was larger for the sol-gel glasses. The Sm3+ ions were also reduced by x-ray irradiation and the activation energy for redox equilibrium was half of that for the glasses treated in H2 gas. Two different mechanisms were proposed for the redox reaction of the samarium ions. In the x-ray irradiated glasses, the Sm3+ ions were reduced into Sm2+ by electron transfer from the oxygen defect center, whereas the H2-gas reaction removed the oxygen ions to reduce the Sm3+ ions. The spectral hole burning of the x-ray-irradiated glasses could be burned by the reverse reaction of the reduction of the Sm3+ ions; that is, the electron transfer from the excited Sm2+ into the surrounding oxygen. A short distance between the Sm2+ and oxygen defect centers allowed fast hole burning. On the other hand, the hole burning in the H2-treated glasses was performed by electron transfer between Sm2+ and another trapping center such as Sm3+.

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2

Gou, Jing, Dongyang Zhang, Binxun Yu, Jing Wang, and Shengzhong Liu. "The Photoluminescence Behaviors of a Novel Reddish Orange Emitting Phosphor CaIn2O4:Sm3+Codoped with Zn2+or Al3+Ions." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/969724.

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A novel reddish orange phosphor CaIn2O4:Sm3+codoped with Zn2+or Al3+ions was prepared by solid state reaction and their luminescence properties were investigated under near ultraviolet excitation. The strategy of Zn2+or Al3+ions codoping was used with the aim to improve the luminescence properties of CaIn2O4:Sm3+, but the concrete effects of the two ions is different. The introduction of Zn2+ions can produceZnIn'defects that favor charge balance in CaIn2O4:Sm3+to facilitate its photoluminescence. The effect of Al3+ions codoping can effectively transfer energy from charge-transfer absorption band to characteristic transition of Sm3+ions, utilizing more energy from host absorption for the photoluminescence of Sm3+ions. Based on these mechanisms, the luminescence intensity of CaIn2O4:0.6%Sm3+was enhanced to 1.59 times and 1.51 times when codoping amount of Zn2+and Al3+ions reached 0.6%. However, the chromaticity coordinates of CaIn2O4:0.6%Sm3+almost did not have any changes after Zn2+ions or Al3+ions codoping; those are still located at reddish orange region. The excellent luminescence properties of CaIn2O4:0.6%Sm3+,0.6%Zn2+and CaIn2O4:0.6%Sm3+,0.6%Al3+demonstrate that they both have potential application value as new-style reddish orange phosphors on light-emitting diode.

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3

Eremin, Evgeniy V., Nikita V. Volkov, Irina A. Gudim, and Vladislav L. Temerov. "Magnetic and Magnetoelectric Properties of Sm_1-xLa_xFe₃(BO₃)₄ Single Crystals." Solid State Phenomena 233-234 (July 2015): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.233-234.368.

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Sm1-xLaxFe3(BO3)4(х = 0, 0.5, and 0.75) single crystals are grown by the flux method and their characteristics are investigated in the temperature range 5−300 K and magnetic fields of up to 9 T. It is established that substitution of nonmagnetic La3+ions for magnetic Sm3+ions increases the magnetic moment and weakens the magnetoelectric effect in Sm1-xLaxFe3(BO3)4.

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4

Zhang, J.-G., P. C. Eklund, Z. L. Hua, L. G. Salamanca-Riba, M. Wuttig, P. K. Soltani, and G. M. Storti. "Photoluminescence and optical absorption in CaS : Eu2+ : Sm3+ thin films." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 2 (February 1992): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.0411.

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The optical absorption and photoluminescence of Eu2+ : Sm3+-doped CaS films have been investigated in this paper. The energy dependence of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the film were obtained by analyzing transmission and reflection spectra of the thin film. The refractive index at low energies is very close to the bulk value for CaS (n = 2.03) and decreases with increasing energy in the range of 1.2 to 2.5 eV. The energy gap of CaS: Eu2+ : Sm3+ thin films is found to be a direct gap with value Eg = 4.48 eV. Photoluminescence studies on annealed CaS: Eu2+ : Sm3+ thin films showed a broad band at ∼1.92 eV identified with emission from Eu2+ ions, and a set of sharp lines corresponding to emission from Sm3+ ions. Most of the strong features presented in the room temperature spectra are found in good agreement with previous bulk studies of CaS: Eu2+ and CaS: Sm3+. The abnormal increase of the Sm3+ photoluminescence with increasing temperature is explained by the phonon-assisted energy transfer from Eu2+ ions to Sm3+ ions.

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5

Xiao, Jun, Cong Wang, Xin Min, Xiaowen Wu, Yangai Liu, Zhaohui Huang, and Minghao Fang. "Multiple Energy Transfer in Luminescence-Tunable Single-Phased Phosphor NaGdTiO4: Tm3+, Dy3+, Sm3+." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (June 27, 2020): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071249.

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Advances in solid-state white-light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) necessitate the urgent development of highly efficient single-phase phosphors with tunable photoluminescence properties. Herein, the Tm3+, Dy3+, and Sm3+ ions are incorporated into the orthorhombic NaGdTiO4 (NGT) phosphors, resulting in phosphors that fulfill the aforementioned requirement. The emission spectrum of Tm3+ ions overlaps well with the adsorption spectra of both Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions. Under the excitation at 358 nm, the single-phase NaGdTiO4: Tm3+, Dy3+, Sm3+ phosphor exhibits tunable emission peaks in the blue, yellow, and red regions simultaneously, resulting in an intense white-light emission. The coexisting energy transfer behaviors from Tm3+ to Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions and the energy transfer from Dy3+ to Sm3+ ions are demonstrated to be responsible for this phenomenon. The phosphors with multiple energy transfers enable the development of single-phase white-light-emitting phosphors for phosphor-converted WLEDs.

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6

Zhang, Zhong Ju, Xu Dong Zheng, Zhi Cheng Shi, and Xin Wang. "Effect of Sm³⁺ Concentration on the Vibrational and Luminescent Properties of LaPO₄." Materials Science Forum 848 (March 2016): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.848.482.

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Lanthanum orthophosphate (LaPO4) is a useful host for doping rare earth ions with high quantum efficiencies. In the present investigation the monoclinic LaPO4 and LaPO4:Sm3+ were synthesized via hydrothermal route. SEM, XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy as well as the luminescence spectroscopy were utilized to character the samples of the Sm3+-doped LaPO4. The results indicated that the lattice parameters decreased linearly with Sm3+ concentration, and general linear hypsochromic shifts regarding Sm3+ concentration were observed in infrared spectroscopic wavenumbers and Raman band positions. The emission spectra showed that Sm3+ ions were in more non-centrosymmetric environment when Sm3+ concentration increased.

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7

Martel, J. F., S. Jandl, B. Viana, and D. Vivien. "Crystal-field study of Sm3+ ions in Sm2O3, Sm3+:Gd2O3 and Sm3+:Y2O3." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 61, no. 9 (September 2000): 1455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3697(00)00009-3.

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8

Bishnoi, Swati, G. Swati, Paramjeet Singh, V. V. Jaiswal, Mukesh K. Sahu, Vinay Gupta, N. Vijayan, and D. Haranath. "Appearance of efficient luminescence energy transfer in doped orthovanadate nanocrystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 3 (April 27, 2017): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576717004277.

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This paper reports the detailed synthesis mechanism and the structural, morphological and optical characterization of ultraviolet (∼311 nm) excitable samarium doped gadolinium yttrium orthovanadate, (Gd,Y)VO4:Sm3+, nanocrystals. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement studies confirmed that the synthesized samples crystallize in a tetragonal structure withI41/amdspace group. The enhanced photoluminescence intensity of (Gd,Y)VO4:Sm3+compared with the existing YVO4:Sm3+phosphor clearly indicates the significant role of Gd3+ions. This has been attributed to the sensitization of the6PJenergy level of Gd3+ions by energy transfer from orthovanadate (VO43−) ions and subsequent energy trapping by Sm3+ions. The energy transfer from VO43−to Sm3+viaGd3+ions as intermediates and concentration quenching of Gd3+luminescence are discussed in detail. The optical band gap of the as-prepared nanocrystals has been estimated using UV–vis–NIR absorption spectroscopy, which reveals a slightly higher band gap (3.75 eV) for YVO4as compared to GdYVO4(3.50 eV). Furthermore, confocal microcopy, decay parameters and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage chromatic coordinates have supplemented these studies, which established the suitability of these nanophosphors for achieving spectral conversion in silicon solar cells.

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9

Van Do, Phan, Nguyen Xuan Ca, Luong Duy Thanh, Nguyen Van Nghia, and Tran Thi Chung Thuy. "Optical properties and energy transfer in KYF4:Sm3+ and KYF4:Tb3+,Sm3+ polycrystalline materials." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 47 (2020): 27590–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05257d.

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10

Sun, K. W., Z. Liu, R. X. Wang, X. C. Ling, and J. W. Sun. "Photoluminescence properties of Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3:Sm3+ modified K0.5Na0.5NbO3 perovskite oxide ceramics." Chalcogenide Letters 20, no. 8 (August 2023): 563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2023.208.563.

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Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3:Sm3+ modified KxNa(1-x)NbO3 ceramics with perovskite-type structure were synthesized via solid state sintering method. Sm3+ ions doping was designed for substituting both A and B sites in the ABO3 structure, Sm3+ doped Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3:Sm3+) oxide precursor powders with the chemical formula of Ba0.7Sr0.3-xSmx(Ti1-xSmx)O3 (x=0.005 ， 0.015 ， 0.025) were synthesized. Combined Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3:Sm3+ with K0.5Na0.5NbO3, the perovskite-type solid solution composite ceramics were fabricated via solid phase sintering method. X-Ray diffraction was used for investigating the phase structure of the precursor powders and luminescent composite ceramics. The photoluminescence properties of the Sm3+ ions in the Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3-K0.5Na0.5NbO3 composite ceramic materials were systematically investigated by exploring the effects of composition of the composites, excitation wavelength and temperature on photoluminescence.

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11

Geng, Xiu Juan, Yong Jie Chen, Yan Wen Tian, and Lin Jiu Xiao. "Luminescence Properties and Energy Transfer of Sm³⁺-Eu³⁺ Co-Doped Gd₂(MoO₄)₃ Red Phosphors." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.931.

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The red phosphor Gd2(MoO4)3:Eu3+,Sm3+ was prepared by sol-gel method. The morphology and luminescence characteristics of the phosphor particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorophotometer. The results showed that the phosphor had the advantages of small particle size and the uniform particle size distribution. The luminescence properties of Eu3+ ions in Gd1.37Eu0.6Sm0.03(MoO4)3 could be evidently improved by co-doping of Sm3+ ions, which was due to the efficient energy transfer process from Sm3+ to Eu3+ ions. The chromaticity coordinates for Eu3+ doped Gd1.4Eu0.6(MoO4)3 and Eu3+ and Sm3+ codoped Gd1.37Eu0.6Sm0.03(MoO4)3, are(0.662, 0.329) and (0.668, 0.331), respectively. Because of the introduction of Sm3+ into the red-emitting phosphors, the chromaticity coordinates of Gd1.37Eu0.6Sm0.03(MoO4)3 phosphor is closer to the standard values of International chromaticity coordinates(0.67, 0.33). So Gd1.37Eu0.6Sm0.03(MoO4)3 shows good prospect for red phosphors of white LED.

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12

Xu, Yingwei, Tingting Zhang, Li Zheng, and Ailing Zou. "Luminescence properties of Eu²⁺ and Sm³⁺ co-doped in KBaPO₄." High Temperature Materials and Processes 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2021-0046.

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Abstract KBaPO4:Eu2+/Sm3+ phosphor was synthesized via the high-temperature solid-phase reaction method. The structural properties, surface morphology, and optical properties of the synthesized samples were obtained by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and fluorescence measurements. The XRD patterns indicate that the crystal structure of KBaPO4 has not been changed by co-doped with two rare-earth ions. Under the excitation of 400 nm, the Eu2+ and Sm3+ co-doped KBaPO4 phosphors showed typical emission peaks at 430 (blue), 562 (yellow), and 600 nm (red). Meanwhile, with the increase of the Sm3+ content, the photoluminescent (PL) emission intensity of Sm3+ increased until the content reaches 0.12. However, the PL intensity of Eu2+ ions gradually decreased, which indicated that there was a possible energy transfer between the two ions. Therefore, the obtained results indicated that Eu2+/Sm3+ co-doped KBaPO4 is a promising phosphor for the use in white light-emitting diodes with near ultraviolet chips.

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13

Kamimura, Sunao, Hiroshi Yamada, and Chao-Nan Xu. "Strong light emission from stress-activated perovskite-related oxides." MRS Proceedings 1492 (2013): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.592.

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ABSTRACTWe report mechanoluminescence (ML) in Sm3+-doped Sr3Sn2O7 phosphors with perovskite-related structure. The ML from Sr3Sn2O7:Sm3+, emitted strong reddish-orange light upon compression, is clearly observable by naked eyes. Based on the comparison between ML spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum, the ML emission was identified to be due to electron transition from an excited state 4G5/2 to the ground state 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2) in Sm3+ ions. Although the ML emission was gradually decayed as compressive load was applied repeatedly, it recovered completely upon irradiation with UV light (254 nm). This behavior indicating that ML of Sr3Sn2O7:Sm3+ is intimately related to the charge traps. The charge transfer state (CTS) band in the PL excitation spectra was observed for Sr3Sn2O7:Sm3+, indicating that the efficient energy transfer from the host to the Sm3+ ions. The formation of CTS and the charge traps may be responsible for this ML performance.

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14

Babkin, A. V., E. A. Neskoromnaya, I. V. Burakova, A. E. Burakov, E. S. Mkrtchyan, and A. G. Tkachev. "Sorption-desorption properties of graphene oxide/polyhydroquinone nanocomposite in the extraction of rare earth elements Sm (III) ions from acetic-acetate buffer systems." Perspektivnye Materialy 1 (2022): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-1-34-48.

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The paper describes the extraction of the rare earth element Sm3+ from aqueous buffer systems by a graphene-based nanostructured composite, modified using an organic polymer – polyhydroquinone. The authors determined the important parameters of the sorption-desorption of Sm3+ ions on a new nanocomposite “graphene oxide/polyhydroquinone” during a batch test, such as: initial concentration, the sorbent weight, pH of the solution, sorption rate constants, maximum sorption capacity of the nanocomposite, percentage sorption and desorption, entropy and enthalpy of the Sm3+ extraction process. The kinetic, isothermal and thermodynamic dependences allowed to propose of the Sm3+ ions adsorption mechanisms. The kinetic data were processed by pseudo-first- and second-order, Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models, and adsorption isotherms — using the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich equations. As a result of kinetic studies, the contact time of the samarium adsorption was determined — 15 min, while the sorption capacity was 100 mg·g–1. It was found that the absorption of Sm3+ ions proceeds by a mixed diffusion mechanism and limited by the interaction “samarium ions : sorbent functional groups”. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum sorbent sorption capacity was 333.3 mg·g–1. Thus, the high efficiency of the developed graphene oxide/polyhydroquinone nanocomposite for purification of aqueous media from rare earth elements was confirmed.

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15

Hemalatha, S., M. Nagaraja, Madhu A., Vinayak Pattar K, K. Suresh, and Srinatha N. "The effect of co-dopants (Cu³⁺, Sm³⁺-ions) on the optical properties of Sodium-Zinc-Borate glasses." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1221, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1221/1/012021.

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Abstract In this article, we describe the synthesis and optical characteristics of (Cu2+, Sm3+-ions) doped sodium zinc borate glasses made using the conventional melt quenching technique. The produced glasses were investigated using XRD, UV-Visible-NIR, and Photoluminescence spectroscopy. XRD analysis reveals the amorphous nature of produced glass samples. The presence of both Cu2+ and Sm3+ ions may be seen in UV-Visible-NIR absorption spectra in the 200-2000 nm range. Refractive index, density, and energy band gaps were all examined as physical and optical variables.In addition, photoluminescence emission spectra for two excitation wavelengths, 290 nm and 400 nm, were obtained to confirm Cu2+ and Sm3+-ions-induced photoluminescence in sodium zinc borate glasses, respectively. When using a 290 nm excitation, the spectra exhibited one wide emission peak about 460 nm, however when using a 400 nm excitation, the spectra revealed three separate peaks in the visible region.The spectral properties of all of the samples were identical. The drop in PL intensity with Sm3+ concentration might be attributed to energy transfer between copper and samarium ions with 400 nm excitation. Surprisingly, the glass sample with 1 mol% Sm3+ exhibits the highest visible PL intensity / emission. The investigation’s findings show that the produced samples are viable candidates for photonic and LED applications.

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16

Anjaiah, Gudelly, Thammisetty Sasikala, and Puram Kistaiah. "Concentration Dependent Luminescence and Energy Transfer Properties of Samarium Doped LLSZFB Glasses." Current Physical Chemistry 9, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946809666190724152259.

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Background: Recently, great importance has been devoted to borate glass systems doped with rare-earth ions because of their unique peculiar properties in the field of photonics for optical applications. Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of concentration of Sm3+ ions on the luminescence properties of lead fluoroborate glasses through the energy transfer mechanism. Materials and Methods: Samarium doped lead fluoroborate glasses with chemical composition 20PbF2 .10Li2O .5SrO .5ZnO. (60-x) B2O3. xSm2O3 (where x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol %) were prepared by means of melt quenching method. The concentration dependent luminescence properties were investigated in detail from the optical absorption, photoluminescence and decay analysis. Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory was applied to analyze the optical absorption spectra. The experimental oscillator strengths of absorption bands have been used to determine the J-O parameters. Using the J-O parameters Ωλ (λ = 2, 4 and 6) and luminescence data several radiative parameters were obtained. Results: From the luminescence spectra, it was noticed that luminescence quenching starts at higher concentrations of Sm3+ ions (x ≥ 0.5 mol %). The decay curves of 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition exhibit a single exponential at lower dopant concentrations (x= 0.1 and 0.5 mol %) and non-exponential at higher concentrations (x ≥ 1 mol %). The concentration quenching was attributed to the energy transfer through the cross-relaxation between Sm3+ ions. The non-exponential curves were well fitted to Inokuti-Hirayama model for S = 6, indicating that the energy transfer between Sm3+ - Sm3+ ions is of dipole-dipole type. The calculated color coordinates of the as-prepared glasses fall within the reddish-orange region of the CIE diagram. Conclusion: All the experimental results indicate that the 0.5 mol% Sm3+ ions doped LLSZFB glass can be a possible choice for solid state lighting and display applications.

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17

Ou, Yiyi, Junyu Wei, and Hongbin Liang. "Tunable Luminescence and Energy Transfer of Sr3B2O6:Ce3+, Sm3+ Phosphors with Potential Anti-Counterfeiting Applications." Materials 15, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 5189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15155189.

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Sm3+ and Ce3+ singly doped and Sm3+ and Ce3+ co-doped Sr3B2O6 phosphors are prepared via a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure and phase purity are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The Sm3+-doped sample displays an emission in the orange-red region, with the strongest emission line at about 648 nm and possessing a good luminescence thermal stability between 78 and 500 K. With the increase in the Sm3+ content, the concentration quenching is observed due to the cross-relaxation (CR) processes among the Sm3+ ions. Upon 340 nm excitation, the Ce3+-doped phosphor presents a broad emission band in the blue region with a maximum at about 420 nm, which overlaps well with the 6H5/2 → 6P3/2 excitation line of Sm3+ and implies the possible energy transfer from Ce3+ to Sm3+. The spectral and decay measurements of the Ce3+ and Sm3+ co-doped samples are conducted and the Inokuti–Hirayama (I-H) model is adopted to analyze the luminescence decay dynamics of the donor Ce3+. Owing to the evident sensitization of the Sm3+ by the Ce3+ ions, the co-doped samples exhibit color variation under different wavelength excitations, endowing them with potential applications in optical anti-counterfeiting.

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18

Ashok, Gadkari B., Shinde J. Tukaram, and Vasambekar N. Pramod. "Role of Sm³⁺ Addition on Humidity Sensing of Nanocrystallite Mg-Cd Ferrites." Advanced Materials Research 645 (January 2013): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.645.160.

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Nanocrystallite powders of 5 wt% Sm3+ added Mg-Cd ferrite samples were prepared by oxalate co-precipitation method. XRD, SEM and FT-IR techniques were used for characterization of the samples. The XRD reveals cubic spinel nature with secondary phase (SmFeO3). The crystallite size lies in the range of 28.69 to 32.66 nm. All the Sm3+ ions added samples are humidity sensitive at low humidity range 40 to70 %RH. The electrical resistivity of Sm3+ ions added samples decreased by four orders of magnitude, when %RH increased from 40%RH to 90 %RH. The response and recovery time of all the samples are 160-290 sec. The shorter response time was observed for Sm3+ added Cd ferrite sensor.

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19

Liu, Li Hong, Rong Jun Xie, Xu Dong Sun, Qing Huang, and Naoto Hirosaki. "Effects of Sm³⁺ Doping on the Photoluminescence Properties of Ca₉Eu_1-xSm_x(VO₄)₇ Red-Emitting Phosphors." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 1488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1488.

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This paper reports the photoluminescence properties of Ca9Eu1-xSmx(VO4)7 (x=0.2-0.4) synthesized at 1250 oC in air for 12 h using traditional solid-state reaction method. With the increase of Sm3+ substitution amount, purity Ca9Eu1-xSmx(VO4)7 phase was obtained even when the Eu3+ ions were totally substituted by Sm3+. The experimental results showed that when Sm3+ was codoped with Eu3+ into Ca9Eu1-xSmx(VO4)7 crystal structure, Sm3+ would act as a sensitizer and transfer the excitation energy to Eu3+ ions and finally enhance the emission intensity of Ca9Eu1-xSmx(VO4)7 under 405 nm excitation, which leads to more favorite of this kind of phosphor used in UV LED based white LEDs.

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20

Herrmann, Andreas, Mohamed Zekri, Ramzi Maalej, and Christian Rüssel. "The Effect of Glass Structure on the Luminescence Spectra of Sm3+-Doped Aluminosilicate Glasses." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020564.

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Peralkaline Sm3+-doped aluminosilicate glasses with different network modifier ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Zn2+) were investigated to clarify the effect of glass composition and glass structure on the optical properties of the doped Sm3+ ions. For this purpose, the Sm3+ luminescence emission spectra were correlated with the molecular structure of the glasses derived by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The different network modifier ions have a clear and systematic effect on the peak area ratio of the Sm3+ emission peaks which correlates with the average rare earth site symmetry in the glasses. The highest site symmetry is found for the calcium aluminosilicate glass. Glasses with network modifier ions of lower and higher ionic radii show a notably lower average site symmetry. The symmetry could be correlated to the rare earth coordination number with oxygen atoms derived by MD simulations. A coordination number of 6 seems to offer the highest average site symmetry. Higher rare earth coordination probabilities with non-bridging oxygen result in an increased splitting of the emission peaks and a notable broadening of the peaks. The zinc containing glass seems to play a special role. The Zn2+ ions notably modify the glass structure and especially the rare earth coordination in comparison to the other network modifier ions in the other investigated glasses. The knowledge on how glass structure affects the optical properties of doped rare earth ions can be used to tailor the rare earth absorption and emission spectra for specific applications.

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21

Yang, Mingming, Siwei Long, Xin Yang, Shaopeng Lin, Yunzhong Zhu, Decai Ma, and Biao Wang. "Temperature-Dependent and Threshold Behavior of Sm3+ Ions on Fluorescence Properties of Lithium Niobate Single Crystals." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 2058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11102058.

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Temperature-dependent and threshold behavior of Sm3+ ions on fluorescence properties of lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) single crystals were systematically investigated. The test materials, congruent LiNbO3 single crystals (Sm:LN), with various concentrations of doped Sm3+ ions from 0.2 to 2.0 mol.%, were grown using the Czochralski technique. Absorption spectra were obtained at room temperature, and photoluminescence spectra were measured at various temperatures in the range from 73 K to 423 K. Judd–Ofelt theory was applied to calculate the intensity parameters Ωt (t = 2, 4, 6) for 1.0 mol.% Sm3+-doped LiNbO3, as well as the radiative transition rate, Ar, branching ratio, β, and radiative lifetime, τr, of the fluorescent 4G5/2 level. Under 409 nm laser excitation, the photoluminescence spectra of the visible fluorescence of Sm3+ mainly contains 568, 610, and 651 nm emission spectra, corresponding to the energy level transitions of 4G5/2→6H5/2, 4G5/2→6H7/2, and 4G5/2→6H9/2, respectively. The concentration of Sm3+ ions has great impact on the fluorescence intensity. The luminescence intensity of Sm (1.0 mol.%):LN is about ten times as against Sm (0.2 mol.%):LN at 610 nm. The intensity of the fluorescence spectra were found to be highly depend on temperature, as well as the concentration of Sm3+ ions in LiNbO3 single crystals, as predicted; however, the lifetime changed little with the temperature, indicating that the temperature has little effect on it, in Sm:LN single crystals. Sm:LN single crystals, with orange-red emission spectra, can be used as the active material in new light sources, fluorescent display devices, UV-sensors, and visible lasers.

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Wi, Jung-Hyun, Jae-Yong Jung, and Sang-Geon Park. "Synthesis of Rare-Earth-Doped Strontium Tungstate Phosphor at Room Temperature and Applied Flexible Composite." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 8922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15248922.

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In this study, we successfully synthesized rare-earth-doped crystalline SrWO4 at room temperature by co-precipitation. The results from the X-ray diffraction analysis showed a main diffraction peak related to the (112) plane. Phosphors doped with either Dy3+ or Sm3+ ions showed strong light absorption in the UV region and blue-yellow and red light emission. To synthesize a white light phosphor, Dy3+ and Sm3+ ions were co-doped to produce a SrWO4:[Sm3+]/[Dy3+] phosphor. When the Sm3+ ion concentration was increased and the Dy3+ concentration was maintained, the red light intensity increased while the blue-yellow light intensity decreased. The composites were combined with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and a flexible composite material was fabricated. The composite exhibited various luminescence properties under UV and visible light, which suggested its potential for use as an LED color filter.

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23

Qadeer, Riaz, Imtiaz Hanif, and Javed Hanif. "Effect of Different Cations on the Adsorption of Dy3+, Gd3+, Eu3+ and Sm3+ Ions on Activated Charcoal from Aqueous Solutions." Adsorption Science & Technology 13, no. 1 (February 1996): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749601300104.

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The effect of different cations on the adsorption of Dy3+, Gd3+, Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions on activated charcoal from aqueous solutions (pH = 4.0) has been studied at room temperature (295 ± 1 K). Their effect on the adsorption of the metal ions has been correlated with the charge density (Z/r) of the cations. It was observed that cations with a larger Z/r value reduced the adsorption of metal ions more than cations with smaller Z/r values. It was also observed that the ease of adsorption of the metal ions followed the sequence: Dy3+ > Gd3+ > Eu3+ > Sm3+. Such data are important in relation to the recovery of metal ions from solution.

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24

LI, Q., Y. F. ZHANG, Q. LIU, Z. L. WANG, and C. JU. "ENHANCED RED EMISSION OF 1D CaYAl3O7: Eu3+ PHOSPHOR VIA CO-DOPING Sm 3+ OR Li+ /Na+ /K+ PREPARED BY ELECTROSPINNING." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 15, no. 4 (December 2020): 1153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2020.154.1153.

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In this study, a series of one-dimensional CaYAl3O7: Eu3+ and CaYAl3O7: Eu3+, R (R = Sm3+or Li+ , K+ , Na+ ) phosphors were synthesized by electrospinning. The formation, structure and photoluminescence properties of the phosphors were examined by thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), x-ray powder diff raction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The results show that one-dimensional materials with well crystallization were obtained, and the diffraction peaks of the samples are in good agreement of standard card (JCPDS: 49-0605). The emission spectrum is dominated by a red peak centered at 617 nm due to the 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions. Concentration quenching occurs when the Eu3+ concentration is about 13 mol %, and the critical transfer distance of the phosphor is also calculated. With the increase of the concentration of doped Sm3+ ions, the luminescent intensity increased, and reached the maximum at the Sm3+ concentration of 10 mol %. The energy transfer processes between Sm3+ and Eu3+ is investigated in detail. Furthermore, Li+ , Na+ and K+ ions were designed as charge compensators to maintain the charge balance of CaYAl3O7: Eu3+, and the luminescence intensities can be eff ectively enhanced, especially by Li+ ion.

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25

Yang, Jie, Xiao Liu, Bin Zhai, Zhi Qiang Wang, Xin Zhao, and Hai Lin. "Samarium Ions Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Glass Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (December 2012): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.216.

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Sm3+doped YAG glass ceramics containing single phase of YAG micro-crystals have been obtained by heat-treating the aluminosilicate precursor glasses. The YAG crystals grow with several preferred orientations and a dominant one (444) in the matrix, and present microcrystal sizes in the range of 3~15µm. The pilotaxitic texture existed in internal network of the YAG glass ceramics can increase yield strength and tensile strength of the sample effectively. Typical visible transition emissions of Sm3+have been observed in the YAG glass ceramics under the excitation of short-wavelength visible light, and the spectral intensity ratio between the electric dipole4G5/2→6H9/2and the magnetic dipole4G5/2→6H5/2transitions is lower than the values reported in the optical glasses specifying the enhanced symmetric nature in the Sm3+doped YAG glass ceramics. The obvious Stark splitting exhibited in emission spectrum manifests that rare-earth ions have been incorporated into YAG lattices.

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26

Ghoshal, Sib Krishna, Azmirawahida Zainuddin, Ramli Arifin, M. R. Sahar, Md Supar Rohani, and Khaidzir Hamzah. "Samarium Concentration and Optical Correlation of Tellurite Glass." Advanced Materials Research 1107 (June 2015): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1107.443.

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Modifying the structural and optical properties of inorganic glasses via controlled doping of various rare earth ions by inhibiting the quenching effect is a challenging task. We report the influence of samarium (Sm3+) ions concentration on enhanced optical properties of tellurite glass. A series of glasses with composition (0.80-x)TeO2 + 0.10Li2O + 0.10 Na2O + xSm2O3, where 0.0<x <0.03 mol% are prepared using melt quenching method and optical characterizations are performed. The XRD spectra confirm the amorphous nature of the glass. The Urbach energy decreases and the optical gap for both direcet and indirect transitions increases with the increse of samerium contents. The UV-Vis spectra comprised of eight absorption bands and PL spectra reveal four prominet peaks corresponding to various transitions from the ground state to the excited states of Sm3+ ion. The optical response shows significant enhancement with increasing concentration of samerium ions. Our detail experimental analyses may be useful for the development of tellurite glass based photonic devices. Keywords: Tellurite Glass, Sm3+ ions, Urbach Energy, Direct and Indirect Transition.

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27

Liu, Ying, Maxim S. Molokeev, and Zhiguo Xia. "Lattice Doping of Lanthanide Ions in Cs2AgInCl6 Nanocrystals Enabling Tunable Photoluminescence." Energy Material Advances 2021 (February 24, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2021/2585274.

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Lead-free halide double perovskite Cs2AgInCl6 has become the research hotspot in the optoelectronic fields. It is a challenge to utilize the lattice doping by different lanthanide ions with rich and unique photoluminescence (PL) emissions for emerging photonic applications. Here, we successfully incorporated Dy3+, Sm3+, and Tb3+ ions into Cs2AgInCl6 nanocrystals (NCs) by the hot-injection method, bringing diverse PL emissions of yellowish, orange, and green light in Cs2AgInCl6:Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Dy3+, Sm3+, Tb3+). Moreover, benefiting from the energy transfer process, Sm3+ and Tb3+ ion-codoped Cs2AgInCl6 NCs achieved tunable emission from green to yellow orange and a fluorescent pattern from the as-prepared NC-hexane inks by spray coating was made to show its potential application in fluorescent signs and anticounterfeiting technology. This work indicates that lanthanide ions could endow Cs2AgInCl6 NCs the unique and tunable PL properties and stimulate the development of lead-free halide perovskite materials for new optoelectronic applications.

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28

Bhardwaj, Sunil, Rajni Shukla, Sujata Sanghi, Ashish Agarwal, and Inder Pal. "Absorbance and Fluorescence Spectral Analysis of Sm³⁺ Ions Doped Bismuth Boro-Silicate Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.279.

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Glasses having compositions 20B2O3.(79.5-x)Bi2O3.xSiO2(10 ≤ x ≤ 40) doped with 0.5 mol% of Sm3+ions were prepared by melt quench technique. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The spectroscopic properties of Sm3+ions in bismuth borosilicate glasses as a function of bismuth oxide were investigated using optical absorption and fluorescence spectra. The Judd-Ofelt theory has been employed to calculate transitions probability from the data of absorption cross-section of several f-f transitions. The intensity parameters Ω2is related to the symmetry of glass hosts, where as the parameter Ω6is inversely proportional to the rare earth oxygen (RE-O) covalency. The variation of Ω4with Bi2O3content has been attributed to rigidity of the samples. Using the Judd Ofelt intensity parameters the other radiative properties like radiative transition probability, radiative life time, branching ratio and the stimulated emission cross-sections of prepared BBSS glasses have been calculated. A bright fluorescent orange emission at 600 nm (4G5/2→6H7/2) of Sm3+ion has been investigated as a function of Bi2O3in host glass. The radiative transition probabilities of Sm3+ions are large in bismuth borosilicate glasses, suggesting the suitability of these glasses as potential candidate for laser application.

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29

Zhang, Zhilin, Xueyin Jiang, Zhuoting Li, Peifang Wu, and Shaohong Xu. "Interaction of Sm3+ ions in borate glass." Journal of Luminescence 40-41 (February 1988): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(88)90376-6.

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30

Lisiecki, Radosław, Bogusław Macalik, Robert Kowalski, Jarosław Komar, and Witold Ryba-Romanowski. "Effect of Temperature on Luminescence of LiNbO3 Crystals Single-Doped with Sm3+, Tb3+, or Dy3+ Ions." Crystals 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10111034.

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Crystals of LiNbO3 single-doped with Sm3+, Tb3+, or Dy3+ and crystal of LiTaO3 single-doped with Tb3+ were grown by the Czochralski method. Luminescence spectra and decay curves for LiNbO3 samples containing Sm3+ or Dy3+ ions were recorded at different temperatures between 295 and 775 K, whereas those for samples containing Tb3+ ions were recorded at different temperatures between 10 and 300 K. Optical absorption spectra at different temperatures were recorded within the UV-blue region relevant to optical pumping of the samples. It was found that the effect of temperature on experimental luminescence lifetimes consists of the initial temperature-independent stage followed by a steep decrease with the onset at about 700, 600, and 150 K for Sm3+, Dy3+, and Tb3+ ions, respectively. Additionally, comparison of temperature impact on luminescence properties of LiNbO3:Tb3+ and LiTaO3:Tb3+ crystals has been adequately described. Experimental results were interpreted in terms of temperature-dependent charge transfer (CT) transitions within the modified Temperature—Dependent Charge Transfer phenomenological model (TDCT). Disparity of the onset temperatures and their sequence were explained based on the location of familiar zigzag curves connecting the ground state levels of rare earth ions with respect to the band-gap of the host. It was concluded also that LiNbO3:Sm3+ is suitable as an optical sensor within the 500–750 K temperature region whereas LiNbO3:Dy3+ offers the highest sensitivity at lower temperatures between 300 and 400 K.

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31

Xue, Na, Zhoufei Hei, Ze Zhao, Jing Wang, Ting Wang, Mengxue Li, Hyeon Mi Noh, Jung Hyun Jeong, and Ruijin Yu. "Preparation and Luminescent Properties of Sm3+-Doped High Thermal Stable Sodium Yttrium Orthosilicate Phosphor." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3500–3505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.11814.

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Orange-red-emitting sodium yttrium orthosilicate NaYSiO4:xSm3+ (x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) were synthesized. The phase structure and photoluminescence properties of these phosphors were investigated. The emission spectrum obtained by excitation into 406 nm contains exclusively the characteristic emissions of Sm3+ at 571 nm, 602 nm, 648 nm, and 710 nm, which correspond to the transitions from 4G5/2 to 6H5/2, 6H7/2, 6H9/2, and 6H11/2 of Sm3+, respectively. The strongest one is located at 602 nm due to the 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition of Sm3+, generating bright orange–red light. The optimum dopant concentration of Sm3+ ions in NaYSiO4:xSm3+ is around 2 mol%, and the critical transfer distance of Sm3+ is calculated as 23 Å. The thermal quenching temperature is above 500 K. The fluorescence lifetime of Sm3+ in NaYSiO4:0.02Sm3+ is 1.83 ms. The NaYSiO4:Sm3+ phosphors may be potentially used as red phosphors for white light emitting diodes.

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32

Park, Seongtae, Yonghwa Chung, Kiwan Jang, Hong-Guo Liu, Yong-Ill Lee, and Changdae Kim. "Influence of Sm3+-Ions on the Hole-Burning Efficiency of Sm2+-Ions Doped in Mg0.5Sr0.5FCl0.5Br0.5Mixed Crystals." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 43, no. 12 (December 9, 2004): 8103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.43.8103.

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33

Nosov, Viktor G., Anna A. Betina, Tatyana S. Bulatova, Polina B. Guseva, Ilya E. Kolesnikov, Sergey N. Orlov, Maxim S. Panov, et al. "Effect of Gd3+, La3+, Lu3+ Co-Doping on the Morphology and Luminescent Properties of NaYF4:Sm3+ Phosphors." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 7, 2023): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062157.

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The series of luminescent NaYF4:Sm3+ nano- and microcrystalline materials co-doped by La3+, Gd3+, and Lu3+ ions were synthesized by hydrothermal method using rare earth chlorides as the precursors and citric acid as a stabilizing agent. The phase composition of synthesized compounds was studied by PXRD. All synthesized materials except ones with high La3+ content (where LaF3 is formed) have a β-NaYF4 crystalline phase. SEM images demonstrate that all particles have shape of hexagonal prisms. The type and content of doping REE significantly effect on the particle size. Upon 400 nm excitation, phosphors exhibit distinct emission peaks in visible part of the spectrum attributed to 4G5/2→6HJ transitions (J = 5/2–11/2) of Sm3+ ion. Increasing the samarium (III) content results in concentration quenching by dipole–dipole interactions, the optimum Sm3+concentration is found to be of 2%. Co-doping by non-luminescent La3+, Gd3+ and Lu3+ ions leads to an increase in emission intensity. This effect was explained from the Sm3+ local symmetry point of view.

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34

Viswaksenan, M. S., A. Simi, and A. Panneerselvam. "Novel rare earth metal and aluminium codoped ZnO photocatalysts for degradation of rhodamine b dye." Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 18, no. 3 (July 2023): 859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2023.183.859.

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In this study, samarium and aluminium codoped zinc oxide nanostructures were produced via a soft chemical route, and their structural, morphological, optical, and photocatalytic capabilities were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and photoluminescence (PL) studies show that both undoped and Sm & Al codoped ZnO nanostructures have a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. The shape of the sample's hexagonal nanostructures, as seen in FESEM pictures, changes as the amount of Sm3+ doping increases. Sm3+ and Al2+ ions have been incorporated into ZnO, as seen by the EDX spectra. ZnO nanostructures were thoroughly studied to learn how Al2+ and Sm3+ doping affected their structure, shape, absorption, emission, and photocatalytic activity. The capacity to absorb visible light is enhanced by the incorporation of Sm3+ ions, which causes a red shift in the optical energy band gap from 2.5 to 3.2 eV. Based on the results of in-depth photocatalytic tests, it has been shown that Sm & Al codoped ZnO nanostructures exhibit the highest photodegradation efficiency for RhB dye for Sm0.04MAl0.04MZn0.92MO, i.e. 84%, when exposed to visible light. ZnO, when doped with a rare earth metal ion (Sm3+), displays enhanced photocatalytic efficiency and might have real-world uses. In this research, nanoscale photocatalysts, as manufactured, degrade RhB dye effectively as a photocatalyst

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35

Zhang, Qing, and Guixian Su. "Preparation of amino functional polysiloxane–lanthanide (Dy3+ and Sm3+) composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 27, no. 5 (March 19, 2019): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119837837.

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Polysiloxane with amino group as the functional side chain was prepared via equilibrium polycondensation reaction. It was modified with salicylaldehyde and then incorporated with lanthanide ions (Dy3+ and Sm3+) to obtain two luminescent functionalized polysiloxane–lanthanide composite materials. The structures and properties of products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, fluorescent emission spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that two kinds of lanthanide ions were all incorporated successfully with the functionalized polysiloxanes. The coordination effect exists between the nitrogen atoms on the ligand and the lanthanide ions. In addition, the green and red light emissions that are characteristic of Dy3+ and Sm3+ were achieved.

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36

Anjaiah, J., C. Laxmikanth, N. Veeraiah, and P. Kistaiah. "Infrared luminescence and thermoluminescence of lithium borate glasses doped with Sm3+ ions." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0028.

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AbstractThermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of X-ray irradiated pure and doped with Sm3+ ions Li2O-MO-B2O3 (where MO=ZnO, CaO, CdO) glasses have been studied in the temperature range of 303 to 573 K. All the pure glasses exhibited single TL peaks at 382 K, 424 K and 466 K. When these glasses were doped with Sm3+ ions no additional peaks have been observed but the glow peak temperature of the existing glow peak shifted gradually towards higher temperatures with gain in intensity of TL light output. The area under the glow curve was found to be maximum for Sm3+ doped glasses mixed with cadmium oxide as a modifier. The trap depth parameters associated with the observed TL peaks have been evaluated using Chen’s formulae. The possible use of these glasses in radiation dosimetry has been described. The results clearly showed that samarium doped cadmium borate glass has a potential to be considered as a thermoluminescence dosimeter.

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37

Lu, Hao-Ying, and Yi-Shao Chen. "The Influence of Codopant Aluminum Ions (Al3+) on the Optical Characteristics of YBO3:Sm3+Phosphors." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/615863.

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The yttrium borate (YBO3) phosphors with codopants Al3+and Sm3+ions were prepared via the chemical coprecipitation method with one-hour thermal treatment at 1200°C. From the XRD patterns, the codopant Al3+does not change the crystal structures of YBO3:Sm3+and these patterns indicate that the phosphors crystallize as the hexagonal structure. Besides, the codopant Al3+does not affect the wavelengths of emission bands but enhances the PL intensities of emission bands. Under the wavelength 406 nm excitation source, the emission peaks locating at wavelengths 571 nm, 611 nm, and 657 nm are assigned to the electronic transitions4G5/2→6H5/2,4G5/2→6H7/2, and4G5/2→6H9/2, respectively. The PL intensities of phosphors Sm0.01AlxY0.99−xBO3increase with the Al3+ion concentration. As the concentration of Al3+ions increases to 3%, the PL intensity of Sm0.01AlxY0.99−xBO3phosphor reaches its maximum intensity. When the concentration of Al3+ions is above 3%, the PL intensity of phosphor Sm0.01AlxY0.99−xBO3decreases. Comparing with the Sm0.01Y0.99BO3phosphor, the PL intensity locating at wavelength 571 nm of Sm0.01Al0.03Y0.96BO3phosphor is about 1.8 times stronger than the Sm0.01Y0.99BO3phosphor. It is believed that the codopant Al3+can improve the luminescent characteristics of YBO3:Sm3+phosphors.

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38

Rakpanich, Suwat, Natthakridta Chanthima, Hong Joo Kim, Mitra Djamal, Pichet Limsuwan, and Jakrapong Kaewkhao. "Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Sm³⁺ in Bismuth Borate Glass." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.42.

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In this research present the results of the analysis of Sm3+ ions doped bismuth borate glasses. Optical measurements such as absorption, excitation and emission profiles have been carried out. Glasses with the chemical compositions (50-x)B2O350Bi2O3xSm2O3 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.50 and 2.5 mol%) were prepared using a conventional melt-quenching method. The emission spectrum of Sm3+ doped bismuth borate glasses has shown the emission transitions of to 4G5/26H 5/2 (563 nm), 4G5/26H 7/2 (598 nm), 4G5/26H9/2 (644 nm). Energy level schemes relating to the emission mechanisms involved in Sm3+ glasses have been given.

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39

Liu, Qiaoli, Junwei Liu, Dayong Lu, Tingqu Li, and Weitao Zheng. "Dense Sm and Mn Co-Doped BaTiO3 Ceramics with High Permittivity." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040678.

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The structure, valence state, and dielectric properties of (Ba1−xSmx)(Ti0.99Mn0.01)O3 (BSTM) (x = 0.02‒0.07) ceramics prepared via a high temperature (1400 °C/12 h) solid state reaction were investigated. A homogeneous and dense microstructure was observed in all samples. With increasing Sm content, the crystal structure changed from tetragonal (x ≤ 0.06) to cubic (x = 0.07) and unit cell volume (V0) decreased continuously, which was mainly due to the substitution of Ba2+ ions by smaller Sm3+ ions in the perovskite lattice. Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation revealed that Mn ions were reduced from high valence to low valence under the role of Sm3+ donor, and only Mn2+ ions were observed at x = 0.07. The Curie temperature (Tc) moved to lower values, from 105.5 down to 20.4 °C, and the x = 0.07 sample satisfied Y5V specification with high permittivity (ε′RT > 13,000) and low loss (tan δ < 0.03).

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40

Sahar, M. R., R. Arifin, and S. K. Ghoshal. "Emission Spectra of Zinc Oxychloride Tellurite Glass: Effects of Eu³⁺/Sm³⁺ Co-Doping." Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (November 2011): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.451.

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Eu3+or/and Sm3+co-doped glasses based on TeO2-ZnO-ZnCl2-Li2O are prepared using the melt quenching technique and the effects of co-doping on the emission spectra of these glasses are examined. The Sm3+doped glass under 403 nm excitations show emission bands around 561, 598 and 642 nm corresponding to the transitions of4G5/2→6H5/2,4G5/2→6H7/2and4G5/2→6H9/2respectively. Whereas, in Eu3+doped glass under 397 nm excitation emission bands appear around 553, 586, 613, 650 and 699 nm that corresponds to the transitions of5D1→7F2,5D0→7F1,5D0→7F2,5D0→7F3and5D0→7F4. In addition, the emission spectra of the Eu3+/Sm3+co-doped glass under 482 nm excitation consists of five bands in which three are contributed by Sm3+at 561, 598 and 642 nm and two by Eu3+at 613 nm and 699 nm respectively. Surprisingly, the emission bands of Eu3+are still observed in the emission spectra of Sm3+for the Eu3+/Sm3+co-doped glasses despite the absence of the excitation wavelength 482 nm in the absorption and excitation domain of Eu3+. This observation is attributed to the partial resonance transfer of the absorption energy from Sm3+to the Eu3+ions.

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41

Nawaz, Fakhra, Muhammad Rahim Sahar, and Sib Krishna Ghoshal. "The Influence of Yb³⁺ Co-Doping on Optical Properties of Sm³⁺-Doped Sodium Tellurite Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 895 (February 2014): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.895.359.

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A series of Sm3+-doped sodium tellurite glasses co-doped with Yb3+were synthesized by melt quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed by X-Rays diffraction technique. From UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, eight absorption peaks of Sm3+ions are observed. The broad absorption band in the range of ~870-1100 nm corresponds to the superposition of Sm3+:6H5/26F11/2and Yb3+:2F7/22F5/2transitions. The experimental and theoretical oscillator strengths of these bands were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory. The optical band gap energy (Eopt) values for direct allowed transition and Urbach energy were found to be in the range of 2.73-2.91 eV and 0.21-0.27 eV respectively. Four luminescence emission bands4G5/26H5/2,6H7/2,6H9/2and6H11/2were revealed under 406 nm excitation and intensity of all bands is found to be quenched with addition of Yb3+ions. The role of Yb3+co-doping in the optical properties is compared and understood.

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42

Matos, Israel R. Montoya. "Influence of Alkali Metal Ions on the Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Sm3+-Doped Silicate Glasses." Ceramics 6, no. 3 (August 21, 2023): 1788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030109.

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In the present work, the influence of alkali ions (Li, Na, K) on the structural and spectroscopic properties of silica glasses doped with Sm3+ was investigated. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques were used to investigate the structural properties of the alkali silicate glasses. The optical absorption showed bands characteristic of Sm3+ ions in alkali silicate glasses, and this was investigated. The Judd–Ofelt theory was applied to evaluate the phenomenological intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4, and Ω6) of the optical absorption measurements. The multi-channel visible and near infrared emission transitions originating from the 4G5/2-emitting state of the Sm3+ in alkali silicate glasses with a maximum phonon energy of ~1050 cm−1 were investigated. From the evaluated Judd–Ofelt parameters, radiative parameters such as spontaneous emission probabilities, radiative lifetimes, branching ratios, and stimulated emission cross-sections were calculated. The recorded luminescence spectra regions revealed intense green, orange, red, and near-infrared emission bands, providing new traces for developing tunable laser and optoelectronic devices.

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43

Jiao, Haiyan, Peiyu Wang, Liwei Liu, and Yuhua Wang. "Effects of Ti4+ Ions on Fluorescence Properties of Sr2CeO4:Sm3+ Phosphors." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3998–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.11807.

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Ti4+-doped Sr2CeO4:Sm3+ phosphors were synthesized with the solid-state reaction method and the effects of doping Ti4+ on the photoluminescence properties were investigated in detail. A broad excitation band ascribed to the O2-–Ce4+ transition was observed in the range of 200 to 400 nm and with doping Ti4+ into Ce4+ sites, the intensity of charge transfer band of O2- →Ce4+ (300–370 nm) was significantly broaden and enhanced. As a result, the emission intensity of Sr2Ce1−xTixO4 has improved about 85% by doping 0.01 mol Ti4+. White emission of −Sr2-yCe0.99Ti0.01O4:ySm3+ at y ≤ 0.03 is due the co-existence of Ce4+ → O2- CT emission and 4G5/2–6HJ Sm3+ transitions whereas only the Sm3+ red emission prevails for 003<y≤0.15. The Sr1.99Ce0.99Ti0.01O4:0.01Sm3+ phosphor exhibited excellent color purity. Its chromaticity coordinate is measured to be (0.326, 0.322), which is close to the pure white (0.33, 0.33). The results showed that Sr1.99Ce0.99Ti0.01O4: 0.01Sm3+ phosphors could be considered as a potential single-phase white-emitting phosphor for white light-emitting diodes.

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44

Lojpur, V., A. Egelja, J. Pantic, V. Djordjevic, B. Matovic, and M. D. Dramicanin. "Y3Al5O12:Re3+ (Re=Ce, Eu, and Sm) nanocrystalline powders prepared by modified glycine combustion method." Science of Sintering 46, no. 1 (2014): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1401075l.

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Yttrium aluminum garnet doped with rare earth ions (Ce3+, Eu3+ and Sm3+) was prepared by modified glycine method. Ce3+ as a dopant was used in four different concentrations (Y3-xCexAl5O12; x(%) = 1, 2, 3, 5), while doping concentration of Eu3+ and Sm3+ was Y3-xEuxAl5O12; x(%) = 3 and Y3-xSmxAl5O12; x(%) = 1, respectively. Phase composition of powders was investigated using XRD technique and expected target phase was confirmed. Photoluminescent characterization included measurements of excitation and emission spectra, as well as determination of emission decays. Y3-xCexAl5O12 shows intense broad-band emission, with maximum in green spectral region, at about 524 nm under ultraviolet or blue excitation. The origin of the luminescence is the 5d1?4f1 transition which is both parity and spin allowed. Ultraviolet and blue excitations of Eu3+ and Sm3+ doped Y3Al5O12 produce intense orange and red emissions. These emissions are phosphorescent in character and come from spin forbidden f-f electron transitions in Eu3+ and Sm3+ ions. For the case of Eu3+ doping emission comes mainly from 5D0?7F1 transitions with Stark components peaking at 590 nm and 590.75 nm, and with emission decay of 4.15 ms. In the case of Sm3+ doping, the emission spectrum, shows 4G5/2?6H5/2, 4G5/2?6H7/2, and 4G5/2?6H9/2 transitions, with the most intense stark components positioned at 567.5 nm, 617 nm, and 650 nm, respectively and for transition centered at 617 nm, emission decay is 3.12 ms.

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Wu, Wen-Te, Kwong-Kau Tiong, Yu-Wei Lee, Sheng-Yao Hu, Yueh-Chien Lee, and Wei Huang. "Tunable Luminescence of Sm3+/Tb3+ Co-Doped CaMoO4 Phosphors Synthesized by Microwave-Assisted Heating." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 7883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157883.

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We present a series of Sm3+/Tb3+ co-doped CaMoO4 phosphors synthesized by an efficient method of microwave-assisted heating. The prepared CaMoO4 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and Commission Internationale de l’Elcairage (CIE) chromaticity diagram. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed that all synthesized CaMoO4 samples are crystallized in a pure tetragonal phase. The photoluminescence spectra significantly show both red- and green emissions in the synthesized Sm3+/Tb3+ co-doped CaMoO4 phosphors. It is obvious that the variations in the intensity ratio of red/green emissions depend on the molar ratio of Sm3+/Tb3+ co-doping and dominate the CIE color coordinates on the chromaticity diagram. The investigations showed the functionality of the material system as advanced color-tunable phosphors for white-LEDs as evidenced by the controllability of the light-emitting region of Sm3+/Tb3+ co-doped CaMoO4 phosphors through the adjustment of the molar ratio of Sm3+/Tb3+ ions.

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46

Naik, Eshwara I., Halehatty S. B. Naik, and Ranganaik Viswanath. "Role of Sm3+ Doping on Structural, Optical and Photoluminescence Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-gel Auto- combustion Method." Current Nanomaterials 5, no. 3 (December 21, 2020): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405461505999200930141732.

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Background: Various interesting consequences are reported on structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of Zn1-xSmxO (x=0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion route. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of Sm3+-doping on structural and photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Methods: Zn1-xSmxO (x=0, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method. Results: XRD patterns confirmed the Sm3+ ion substitution through the undisturbed wurtzite structure of ZnO. The crystallite size was decreased from 24.33 to 18.46 nm with Sm3+ doping. The hexagonal and spherical morphology of nanoparticles was confirmed by TEM analysis. UV-visible studies showed that Sm3+ ion doping improved the visible light absorption capacity of Sm3+ iondoped ZnO nanoparticles. PL spectra of Sm3+ ion-doped ZnO nanoparticles showed an orange-red emission peak corresponding to 4G5/2→6HJ (J=7/2, 9/2 and 11/2) transition of Sm3+ ion. Sm3+ ion-induced PL was proposed with a substantial increase in PL intensity with a blue shift in peak upon Sm3+ content increase. Conclusion: Absorption peaks associated with doped ZnO nanoparticles were moved to a longer wavelength side compared to ZnO, with bandgap declines when Sm3+ ions concentration was increased. PL studies concluded that ZnO emission properties could be tuned in the red region along with the existence of blue peaks upon Sm3+ ion doping, which also results in enhancing the PL intensity. These latest properties related to Sm3+ ion-doped nanoparticles prepared by a cost-efficient process appear to be interesting in the field of optoelectronic applications, which makes them a prominent candidate in the form of red light-emitting diodes.

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47

Al’tshuler, T. S., and M. S. Bresler. "Jahn-Teller effect on Sm3+ ions in SmB6." Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics 88, no. 5 (May 1999): 1019–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.558885.

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48

Jobbitt, N. L., J. P. R. Wells, and M. F. Reid. "Energy transfer between Sm3+ ions in Y2SiO5 crystals." Journal of Luminescence 224 (August 2020): 117302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117302.

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49

Altshuler, T. S., N. S. Altshuler, and M. S. Bresler. "ESR on Sm3 ions in mixed-valence compound." Ferroelectrics 233, no. 1 (September 1999): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199908016993.

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50

Xu, Chao, Dian Qing Lu, and Hai Feng Jiang. "Influence of Different Auxiliary Activators Doping on Spectral Properties of Sr₃Al₂O₆: Eu²⁺ Phosphors." Advanced Materials Research 601 (December 2012): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.601.54.

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The long afterglow luminescent materials Sr3Al2O6: Eu2+, Re3+ ( Re= La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er) were synthesized via solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction and fluorescence spectrophotometer were employed to characterize the phosphors. The excitation spectra were all well simulated by eight Gaussian curves, indicating that they originated from the 4f7 (8S7/2) – 4f65d (8HJ) transitions of Eu2+ ions. The excitation spectra intensity of Sr3Al2O6: Eu2+, Sm3+ is much stronger than the others, which indicates that there is a more efficient energy transfers from Sm3+ to Eu2+. The simulated results of the emission spectra showed that they generated from the Eu2+ ions in the Sr2+ sites of SrO6 and SrO7 polyhedral, which indicated that the Eu2+ ions were apt to occupy low-coordination crystallographic site. The proposed explanation for excitation spectra and emission spectra property were also discussed

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