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Статті в журналах з теми "Slurry spray"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

R. Verma, R. Verma, S. Kumar S. Kumar, N. M. Suri N. M. Suri, and S. Kant S. Kant. "Optimization of Mullite Based Coating Using Slurry Spray Technique." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/56.

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2

Wei, Xiao Hua, Hong Xing Zhang, Lan Zhu Ren, and Yang Fang. "The Atomizing Experimental Study of the Refined Oil-Water Coal Slurry on the Diesel Engine of the Large-Scale Ship." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1822.

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At present almost all low-speed diesel engines burn heavy fuel oil or low-quality fuel oil, the viscosity, low calorific value and impurities are similar as oil-water coal slurry, so, oil-water coal slurry is possible as the fuel of large marine diesel. This article has carried on the description about atomized characteristic of oil-water slurry, and it’s atomizing performance and analysis to the nozzle of type ZCK154S432 and type ZCK154S423 is studied experimentally from different spurting pressure, the different spray nozzle type as well as the different density of refined oil-water slurry, obtained the main factors of affect oil-water slurry’s atomization, illustrated the importance of developing coal instead of oil.

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3

Spencer, Nicholas D., Thorvald S. Peders, and Matthew B. Baer. "Processing tetramethylammonium-carbonate-coprecipitated slurries to obtain small-particle-size YBa2Cu3O7." Journal of Materials Research 6, no. 2 (February 1991): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1991.0220.

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The effect of different drying and calcination methods on the ultimate particle size of YBa2Cu3O7 (Y-123) has been investigated. The starting material was a tetramethylammonium (TMA) carbonate-precipitated slurry. Spray-drying the slurry after filtering and reslurrying (to remove residual TMA) was most effective in the ultimate formation of finely divided Y-123. The morphology of the spray-dried powder could be preserved by calcining in very low total pressures of flowing oxygen. When a slurry with 0.16% solids content was spray dried, and this powder calcined at 750 °C in 2 Torr of flowing oxygen, a Y-123 powder of mean particle size 0.74 μm (66% submicron) was obtained.

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4

Indacochea, J. Ernesto, Ira Bloom, Michael Krumpelt, and Thomas G. Benjamin. "A comparison of two aluminizing methods for corrosion protection in the wet seal of molten carbonate fuel cells." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 7 (July 1998): 1834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0260.

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The corrosion behavior of aluminized Type 310S stainless steel (SS) in the wet seal of molten carbonate fuel cells was investigated. Coupons of Type 310S SS were aluminized by two different aluminizing methods: thermal spray and slurry-coating. In both types of samples Fe and Cr diffused readily into the Al layer at 650 °C. At first this interdiffusion is limited to the interfacial area. With time, Fe and Cr aluminides precipitate in the Al layer. The slurry-coated layer contains a higher concentration of FeAl and Fe3Al than does the thermal spray layer. Consequently, the slurry-coated layer also displays a greater degree of corrosion than the thermal spray layer.

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5

Seshadri, A. K., J. A. Caton, and K. D. Kihm. "Coal-Water Slurry Spray Characteristics of a Positive Displacement Fuel Injection System." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906621.

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Experiments have been completed to characterize coal-water slurry sprays from a modified positive displacement fuel injection system of a diesel engine. The injection system includes an injection jerk pump driven by an electric motor, a specially designed diaphragm to separate the abrasive coal from the pump, and a single-hole fuel nozzle. The sprays were injected into a pressurized chamber equipped with windows. High speed movies and instantaneous fuel line pressures were obtained. For injection pressures of order 30 MPa or higher, the sprays were similar for coal-water slurry, diesel fuel, and water. The time until the center core of the spray broke up (break-up time) was determined both from the movies and from a model using the fuel line pressures. Results from these two independent procedures were in good agreement. For the base conditions, the break-up time was 0.58 and 0.50 ms for coal-water slurry and diesel fuel, respectively. The break-up times increased with increasing nozzle orifice size and with decreasing chamber density. The break-up time was not a function of coal loading for coal loadings up to 53 percent. Cone angles of the sprays were dependent on the operating conditions and fluid, as well as on the time and location of the measurement. For one set of cases studied, the time-averaged cone angle was 15.9 and 16.3 deg for coal-water slurry and diesel fuel, respectively.

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6

Gvozdyakov, D. V., A. V. Zenkov, V. E. Gubin, A. Zh Kaltaev, and Ya V. Marysheva. "Experimental studies into the effect of air pressure on the atomization characteristics of coal-water slurries." iPolytech Journal 25, no. 5 (November 9, 2021): 586–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/1814-3520-2021-5-586-600.

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The paper studies the effect of atomizing agent pressure on the spray characteristics after spraying coal-water slurry that contains small additives of liquid waste from the pyrolysis of industrial rubber goods and used engine oil. The conducted experiments used automobile tires as the indicated rubber products; spraying was carried out employing an internal mixing pneumatic atomizer. Following the atomization of considered fuels, droplet size changes were studied using the interferometric particle imaging (IPI) technique. The spray angle was determined by means of a Photron high-speed camera. In addition, coal-water slurry containing liquid waste from the pyrolysis of industrial rubber goods and used engine oil (3–12 wt%) was sprayed to study the effect of atomizing agent pressure on the spray characteristics. A decrease in air pressure was found to reduce the spray angle by less than 6%, which resulted in the formation of rather large droplets exceeding 600 µm in size. It is experimentally confirmed that more fine droplets are formed at similar fuel and air pressures when using a spraying device equipped with an internal mixing chamber for slurry and air. The number of droplets, in this case, is 2–9% higher as compared to a typical two-component coal-water slurry fuel, with the spray angle of the sprayed coal slurry having the greatest value. When using an atomizer having an internal mixing chamber for slurry and an atomizing agent, fuel droplet breakup occurs due to the aerodynamic drag forces of the environment. Thus, the use of such atomizers reduces the number of possible breakup mechanisms for sprayed fuel droplets.

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7

Chiangka, Saowaluk, Sukasem Watcharamaisakul, and Boris Golman. "Effect of Slurry Formulation on Morphology and Flowability of Spray-Dried Alumina/Zirconia Composite Particles." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.531.

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Alumina/zirconia composite materials are widely used for biomedical applications because of their high biocompatibility and good mechanical properties. In this work, the effects of slurry solid content and binder type are studied on the characteristics of spray-dried composite particles. The tap density and particle size of composite particles increase while the compressibility index decreases with increasing solid content of slurry. An analysis of the SEM micrographs of spray-dried particles confirms the formation of dense composite particles of round shape without internal holes with 70 wt.% slurry using PVA+PEG co-binder.

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8

Goyal, D. K., H. Singh, and H. Kumar. "An overview of slurry erosion control by the application of high velocity oxy fuel sprayed coatings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 225, no. 11 (September 19, 2011): 1092–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650111412443.

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Slurry erosion of turbine components is a serious problem in most of the hydraulic power plants all around the world. Although some counter measures such as catchment area treatment to reduce the amount of sand particles going through the turbine components and modifying the hydraulic shape of turbine to reduce slurry erosion have been taken, still slurry erosion is responsible for heavy economic losses. Research is also in progress for improving the surface properties of the turbine components by the application of thermal sprayed coatings. Among various thermal spray processes, high-velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) spray process is a relatively industrially established and economical process. In this paper, an attempt has been made to describe HVOF thermal spray technology. Further, this paper presents a tutorial introduction, comprehensive history, and review of research work done on the use of this technique to provide protection against slurry erosion of some metals and alloys with a special emphasis on the hydraulic turbine steels.

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9

Siebers, D. L., and T. M. Dyer. "The Autoignition and Combustion of Coal-Water Slurry Under Simulated Diesel Engine Conditions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 108, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239961.

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The combustion characteristics of a coal-water slurry spray were examined under diesel engine conditions. A two-stage combustion process was used to simulate the diesel engine conditions in a constant-volume combustion bomb. The combustion characteristics investigated were ignition delay, ignition site, combustion development, combustion duration, and combustion completeness. The results show that the ignition delay of the coal-water slurry fuel is temperature and pressure dependent. Also, the coal slurry ignition delay is approximately a factor of five longer and the energy release rate is significantly slower in comparison to the ignition delay and energy release rate for conventional No. 2 diesel fuel. The combustion of the slurry spray was incomplete for all test conditions due to the impingement and the adherence of the coal slurry on the wall. This fundamental testing provides insight into engine design parameters which must be considered if coal-water slurry is to be used in practice.

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10

Cheng, Xiao Su, Meng Qi Peng, and Yu Fa Zhong. "Process Factors Using Centrifugal Spray Drying to Prepare Bauxite Microspheres." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.828.

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The centrifugal spray drying process of bauxite slurry was studied to investigate the influence of slurry solid content on the particle size distribution and the sphericity of the microspheres, and so was operation technology on average diameter and the sphericity of the microspheres. The optimal operation parameters are obtained to prepare high spherical microspheres bauxite with the diameter distribution of 100 μm and whose particle size distribution is narrow: the slurry solid content is 70 wt%, the dry air temperature is 250 °C, the rotation rate of spray head is 6000 rpm and the feed flow rate is 1 L/h in the experiments.

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11

AOKI, Hideyuki, Tomohiko FURUHATA, Toshiaki AMAGASA, Shoji TANNO, Takatoshi MIURA, Shigemori OHTANI, and Masatoshi DAIKOKU. "Simulation of spray combustion for slurry fuels." Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan 68, no. 12 (1989): 1053–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3775/jie.68.12_1053.

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12

Stunda-Zujeva, A., V. Stepanova, and L. Bērziņa-Cimdiņa. "Effect of spray dryer settings on the morphology of illite clay granules." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 16, 2015): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol1.200.

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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="X-NONE">Spray drying is an effective and common method for powder drying, e.g. clay. The morphology and properties of spray dried granules depend on properties of slurry and operational conditions of spray dryer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spray dryer settings on the morphology of illite clay granules. </span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="X-NONE">Laboratory scale spray dryer was used. Operational conditions: inlet temperature 190-220˚C, outlet temperature 70-96˚C, spray dispersion is obtained using two-fluid nozzle where the slurry feed was varied from 4.5 to 15 ml/min and gas pressure 15-40 mm. Slurry was prepared from clay fraction under 2 µm without additives. Latvian illite clay from Iecava, Pavāri and Laža deposits was studied. Slurries with concentration 1, 8 and 15 mass% was used.The size and morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, surface area and porosity by liquid nitrogen sorption.</span></p><p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="X-NONE">All obtained granules irrespective of </span><span lang="X-NONE">spray dryer settings</span><span lang="X-NONE"> were well-rounded and dense without large pores or holes, however the surface was rough. The mean diameter of granules was in range of 2.6-5.4 µm, depending on slurry feed rate. The surface area of produced granules mostly depended on clay composition and was in a range of 70-92 m2/g. Inlet temperature in a range of 190-220 °C was found to be appropriate to produce well dried clay granules (moisture content <10 wt%). </span></p>

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13

Lee, Da Sol, Seon Ho Jeong, Jong Woo Lee, Jin Yeop Jeong, and Hae Do Jeong. "Effect of Slurry Flow in Spray Slurry Nozzle System on Cu CMP." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 34, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/kspe.2017.34.2.101.

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14

Winarno, Adi, Nur Faizim, and Muchammad Lukman Fauszan Lukman. "DESIGN & BUILD A SLURRY TRANSFER CONTROL & MONITORING SYSTEM ON THE ATM 140 SPRAY DRYER USING MICROCONTROLLER WITH ULTRASONIC SENSORS." BEST : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology 4, no. 2 (November 28, 2022): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/best.vol4.no2.6157.

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In the current developments automation systems have begun to be applied to the industrial world, including the ceramic or tile industry. The ceramic industry in the main raw materials is soil, processing or mixing soil from crusher machines that will be produced into slurry materials ( slurry) using milling time continus (MTC), spray dryer pump machines to distribute slurries from the reservoir center to the ATM 140 reservoir. Often experiences overload slurry on atm 140 reservoirs because the system still uses swith. The operator still turns off the pump manually when there is an overload, based on these problems, an innovation is needed for an innovative slurry transfer control and monitoring tool on the ATM 140 spray dryer using an ultrasonic microcontroller-based sensor and the percentage of the contents of the reservoir that will be displayed on the LCD.

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15

Zhang, Yao, XiaoXia Tang, Nozomu Uchida, and Keizo Uematsu. "Binder surface segregation during spray drying of ceramic slurry." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 7 (July 1998): 1881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0267.

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Spray-dried granules were observed by a laser microscopy with the immersion liquid technique. The binder distribution in the granules was analyzed from light intensity profiles of the images. The results showed that a surface layer with a large amount of the binder is formed in the spray-dried granule, and the segregation is influenced by initial binder concentration and size of atomized droplet. A computer simulation for soluble binder segregation during spray drying was conducted by considering simultaneously the solvent evaporation, the relative migration between the liquid and the particles, the diffusion, and drying shrinkage. The simulation coincides with the experimental results. To make uniform granules, reducing the amount of binder, liquid content, size of atomized droplet, and drying rate is favorable.

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16

Nguyen, Phuc, Sook-Ying Ho, and Andrei Kotousov. "Slurry spray technique for manufacturing thermal barrier coatings." Surface Innovations 1, no. 3 (September 2013): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/si.12.00018.

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17

Kim, B. S., H. T. Shin, Y. P. Lee, and J. Jurng. "Study on ice slurry production by water spray." International Journal of Refrigeration 24, no. 2 (March 2001): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-7007(00)00013-x.

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18

Wang, S. H., J. S. Chang, and A. A. Berezin. "Atomization characteristics of electrohydrodynamic limestone-water slurry spray." Journal of Electrostatics 30 (May 1993): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3886(93)90078-l.

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19

Sukaraseranee, Weeranuch, Sukasem Watcharamaisakul, Boris Golman, and Jintamai Suwanprateeb. "Effect of Process Parameters on Characteristics of Spray-Dried Hydroxyapatite Granules." Key Engineering Materials 728 (January 2017): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.341.

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The effects of drying air temperature and flow rate, spraying air flow rate and slurry feed rate were investigated on the morphology, size distribution, density and flowability of spray-dried hydroxyapatite granules. The granules were of good spherical shape and smooth surface, but low flowability. The granules of uniform size distribution were obtained at high spraying air flow rate and granules of small sizes were collected at high spraying and drying air flow rates, high slurry feed rate and low drying air temperature. Thus, by adjusting the spray drying conditions we can control the granule properties.

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20

Gvozdyakov, D. V., A. V. Zenkov, V. E. Gubin, and M. V. Vedyashkin. "Experimental studies of the influence of pressure of slurry fuel and air on the spray cone structure during atomization." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 5 (December 17, 2019): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-5-110-123.

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Results of experimental studies of pneumomechanical atomization process of slurry fuel with a plasticizer in an aerodynamic simulator of power boiler furnace are presented. Analysis of the current state in the field of research of slurry fuel atomization processes has been conducted. Influence of pressure of slurry fuel and air on the structure of the emerging spray cone have been analyzed. The values of characteristic dimensions of three zones of spray cone have been determined: core, middle and outer zones. Effect of pressure of the sprayed slurry fuel and air on the period of stable spray cone formation and geometric characteristics of the zones has been experimentally confirmed. Ranges of velocities and sizes of droplets in the flow at various pressures have been distinguished. The quantitative values of slurry fuel droplets with different velocities in the process of its pneumatic spraying have been obtained. It has been established that the largest number of particles in the study area have velocities up to 8 m/s; a significant number of droplets (up to 20%) have velocities from 8 to 32 m/s; velocities of 32 m/s and more are typical for 1% of droplets. During the results processing, aerosol particles with a size of 1 micron or less have not been taken into account. The values of We criterion for the respective sizes and velocities of the sprayed fuel droplets have been determined. It has been established that significant part of the droplets undergoes catastrophic crushing, which is characteristic for the values of We numbers from 7800 and higher. The obtained results can be used for mathematical and physical modeling of the process of slurry fuels atomization in the furnaces of power boilers in order to predict the aerodynamic characteristics of the designed and existing units.

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21

Liu, Yan, Litao Jia, Bo Hou, and Debao Li. "Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over alumina-supported cobalt catalysts: effects of different spray temperature of aluminum slurry." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94, no. 5 (May 2016): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0499.

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Aluminum slurry was obtained by precipitating Al(NO3)3·9H2O and ammonium carbonate, and the slurry was dried by adopting spray means. The effects of different spray temperature on the as-synthesised aluminum precursors, calcined alumina, and the supported cobalt catalysts were investigated by the characterizations of SEM, XRD, TG-DTA, H2-TPD, H2-TPR, etc., and the activity and stability of the as-prepared catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis were also studied. It indicated that the aluminum precursor spray dried at 250 °C exhibited homogeneous microspheres, the calcined alumina exhibited single-particle size distribution and monomodal pore distribution, and the corresponding supported cobalt catalyst possessed proper cobalt particles (6.4 nm), which was benefitial for acquiring a high conversion rate (the turnover frequency is 17.2 × 10−3/s) and excellent stability (the deactivation rate is 0.31%) for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.

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22

Mohamed, N., D. L. McCurdy, M. D. Wichman, R. C. Fry, and James E. O'Reilly. "Rapid Coal Analysis. Part I: Particle Size Effects in Slurry Methods Based on Flame AA and Swing-Mill Grinding." Applied Spectroscopy 39, no. 6 (November 1985): 979–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702854249457.

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Laser diffraction particle size measurements are used to study aerodynamic mass transport losses of a finely ground aqueous coal slurry aerosol in the spray chamber of a conventional atomic absorption spectrometer. A swing mill used to grind the coal produces many particles small enough to transport efficiently in the aerosol stream, but some are too large and can settle out in the spray chamber. This effect is reduced but not eliminated if one passes the grindings through a 325-mesh sieve prior to weighing and direct analysis. In spite of the partial “leveling effect” produced by the sieve, the residual mass transport loss in the spray chamber for direct coal slurry analysis by flame AA is about 51% (relative to aqueous standard transport). This accounts for part of the five-fold decrease in absorbance previously reported for finely ground coal slurries as compared with aqueous solutions. The remainder of the decrease is due to incomplete combustion and vaporization of coal particles in the nitrous-oxide/acetylene flame.

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23

Choudhary, Abhisek, Pandu Ramavath, Papiya Biswas, Nukala Ravi, and Roy Johnson. "Experimental Investigation on Flowability and Compaction Behavior of Spray Granulated Submicron Alumina Granules." ISRN Ceramics 2013 (August 7, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/264194.

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Aqueous slurry with various solid loadings (up to 40 wt%) of alumina powder (D50 = 300 nm) with suitable rheological properties were spray dried into granules. Solid loading and feed rate of the slurry are found to have a prominent effect on the shape and size distribution of granules. Powder flow measurements exhibited a cohesive index of 28.45 signifying an extremely cohesive flow due to high surface area and irregular morphology. Finer sizes though it offers high geometrical surface area it leads to more surface contacts and hence, high interparticle friction. Spherical morphology achieved through optimum spray drying parameters significantly reduced the cohesive index to 6.45 indicating free flow behavior. Compaction studies of the spray-dried granules and corresponding plot of relative density versus compaction pressure revealed an agglomerate strength of 500 MPa followed by a plateau-like behavior reaching a maximum in the relative density of 59%-60% of the theoretical values.

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24

Kerimbekova, Susanna, Geniy Kuznetsov, Roman Volkov, and Pavel Strizhak. "Identification of slurry fuel components in a spray flow." Fuel 323 (September 2022): 124353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124353.

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25

Santa, J. F., L. A. Espitia, J. A. Blanco, S. A. Romo, and A. Toro. "Slurry and cavitation erosion resistance of thermal spray coatings." Wear 267, no. 1-4 (June 2009): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2009.01.018.

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26

Hsu, F. L. G., and C. F. Irwin. "Granular detergent composition by spray cooling of a slurry." Zeolites 15, no. 1 (January 1995): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(95)90266-x.

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27

Filiatre, C., G. Bertrand, C. Coddet, and A. Foissy. "Alumina slurry formulation intender for spray-dried powder production." Polymer International 52, no. 4 (2003): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1006.

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28

Ahmad, Zaki, and M. Ahsan. "Environmental Response of Plasma Sprayed Nanostructured Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 32 (February 2008): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.32.65.

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Erosion corrosion and environmental chamber corrosion studies conducted on plasma sprayed samples from three different spray dried and densified nanopowders showed good resistance to corrosion. A dense, uniform and even distribution of splats and small number of microvoids and pores offered a high resistance to erosion-corrosion in sodium chloride polystyrene slurry. The coatings offer a high resistance in salt spray chamber environment.

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29

Lee, Dasol, Hyunseop Lee, and Haedo Jeong. "The effects of a spray slurry nozzle on copper CMP for reduction in slurry consumption." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 29, no. 12 (December 2015): 5057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-1101-2.

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30

Jo, Hoseong, Da Sol Lee, Seon Ho Jeong, Hyun Seop Lee, and Hae Do Jeong. "Hybrid CMP Slurry Supply System Using Ionization and Atomization." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052217.

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Анотація:

Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is frequently used in semiconductor manufacturing to polish the surfaces of multiple layers in a wafer. The CMP uses a slurry that aids in fabricating a smooth surface by removing the excess materials. However, excessive use of slurry affects the environment and is expensive. Therefore, we propose a hybrid slurry supply system that combines ionization and atomization to reduce slurry consumption and improve the polishing quality. The proposed hybrid system atomizes the ionized slurry using electrolysis and a spray slurry nozzle. We compared the material removal rate (MRR) and polishing uniformity based on the slurry supply systems used in Cu and SiO2 non-patterned wafers. Additionally, the step height reduction and dishing were compared in the Cu-patterned wafers. The experimental analysis using the hybrid system confirmed a 23% and 25% improvement in the MRR and uniformity, respectively, in comparison with the conventional slurry supply system. This improvement can be attributed to the chemical activation and uniform supply of the ionized and atomized slurries, respectively. Moreover, a significant reduction was observed in dishing and pitch-size dependence. Furthermore, the proposed system prevents heat accumulation between the CMP processes, serving as a cooling system.

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31

Trivedi, AP, and KN Dhumal. "Effect Of Soil And Foliar Applications Of Zinc And Iron On The Yield And Quality Of Onion (Allium cepa L.)." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 1 (June 4, 2013): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15188.

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A field experiment was carried out at the research farm of National Research Centre for Onion and Garlic, Manjari, Pune (Maharashtra), India during kharif season of 2004 and 2005 to find out the effect of application of zinc and iron and their different modes of applications on growth, yield, and quality of onion. There were 27 treatment combinations with Zn and Fe were applied either in the soil or as foliar spray with cow dung slurry/FYM/gibbrelic acid/amino acids/2,4- D to onion. Application of Zn significantly increased the bulb weight (73.9 g), bulb yield (45 t/ha) when applied with 2,4-D (3 ppm) as foliar spray. Zinc application significantly influenced the bulb quality and recorded the highest A grade bulbs and the lowest poor quality C grade bulbs when applied with 2,4-D (81.9%) as foliar spray. The maximum medium B grade bulbs were obtained with the application of Fe with cow dung slurry (11.4%). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(1): 41-48, March 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i1.15188

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32

Volchyn, I. A., and V. A. Raschepkin. "MODELING OF A DUSTED GAS FLOW CLEANING PROCESS USING A KINEMATIC MODEL OF THE INTERACTION OF DISPERSED PARTICLES WITH DROPLETS IN A WET SCRUBBER." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2021.07.

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A mathematical model is proposed for the scavenging process of the dispersed particles by droplets in a wet scrubber under excess spray density in Venturi tube within kinematic approach of the interaction of particles in countercurrent gas-dispersed flows, which refines the existing engineering model, taking into account the spatial size variation of the droplets, due to their coagulation with wet slurry droplets and uncaptured particles entering a wet scrubber from the Venturi tube. The results of calculations with the adopted mathematical model showed that in case of possibility to organize the spraying of a gas flow in a scrubber with 300–500 micron droplets aerosol at a specific spray density of about 1 liter/m3, a 1–2 meters wide layer of droplets ensures effective absorption of both uncaptured PM2.5 solid particles, and the slurry droplets from the Venturi tube. The ejection of the slurry droplets into a wet scrubber from the Venturi tube, and the associated increase in the size of the scrubber droplets due to coagulation with slurry droplets, does not noticeably affect the efficiency of the dusted gas stream cleaning. An adopted mathematical model was applied to calculate the capture of particles by droplets in cylindrical and conical scrubbers. Due to the increase in a residence time of the droplets upon increased velocity of the countercurrent gas flow, the efficiency of gas cleaning from dispersed particles in a conical scrubber appears to be higher than in a cylindrical scrubber. However, with an increase in the spray density above 2 liter/m3 and with droplet diameters greater than 1000 microns, the efficiency of the conical scrubber decreases, which is associated to an increase in the escape of a significant proportion of massive drops to the walls with a reduction in the scrubber reactor cross-section. Bibl. 21, Fig. 4.

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33

Bai, Yu, Jian Feng Yang, and S. W. Lee. "Optimization of Alumina Slurry Properties and Drying Conditions in the Spray Drying Process and Characterization of Corresponding Coating Fabricated by Atmospheric Plasma Spray." Key Engineering Materials 484 (July 2011): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.484.158.

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In this paper, alumina (Al2O3) slurry properties and spraying drying conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiment for preparing the dense and spherical alumina feedstock. The feedstock was carried in a moving gas stream and deposited on the stainless substrate by atmospheric plasma spray (APS).The phase composition and microstructure of feedstock and as-sprayed coatings were studied by XRD, SEM and TEM. In addition, the porosity, surface roughness and micro hardness of as-sprayed coatings were also investigated. The results showed that Al2O3 powder content in slurry was the most influential factor for the particle size and morphology of feedstock and most of α-Al2O3 existing in the starting feedstock transformed into γ-Al2O3 during APS. Moreover, it was found that, using the feedstock prepared by optimized parameters, the as-sprayed coating had an average grain size of about 250 nm, with lower porosity of about 4 %, surface roughness Ra of about 1.94 μm, micro hardness HV0.3 of about 1000 under applied load 300 g.

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34

KIM, CHANGYEON, HAKDUCK KIM, and JUHUN SONG. "Spray Characteristics of a Coal Slurry with Liquid Carbon Dioxide." Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society 26, no. 4 (August 30, 2015): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7316/khnes.2015.26.4.357.

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35

Minoshima, Hironori. "Study on Mechanism of Spray Drying Granulation of Dispersed Slurry." Journal of the Society of Powder Technology, Japan 43, no. 9 (2006): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.4164/sptj.43.692.

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36

Lee, Jong-Ho, Kang-Heon Hur, and Jung-Soo Lee. "Preparation of Ultrafine Barium Titanate Powder by Slurry Spray Pyrolysis." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 46, no. 2 (March 31, 2009): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2009.46.2.137.

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37

Liang, H., K. Shinohara, H. Minoshima, and K. Matsushima. "Analysis of constant rate period of spray drying of slurry." Chemical Engineering Science 56, no. 6 (March 2001): 2205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00505-4.

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38

Grewal, H. S., H. S. Arora, Anupam Agrawal, H. Singh, and S. Mukherjee. "Slurry Erosion of Thermal Spray Coatings: Effect of Sand Concentration." Procedia Engineering 68 (2013): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.210.

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39

Kim, Kangwook, Hakduck Kim, Changyeon Kim, and Juhun Song. "Flash spray characteristics of a coal-liquid carbon dioxide slurry." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 33, no. 5 (March 17, 2016): 1612–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0024-7.

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40

Kumar, Rajeev, Sanjeev Bhandari, and Atul Goyal. "Synergistic effect of Al2O3/TiO2 reinforcements on slurry erosion performance of nickel-based composite coatings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 8 (October 19, 2017): 974–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117736487.

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Various aspects such as development, experimentation, and analysis have been covered in the present work to examine the behavior of test coatings under slurry erosion. The primary objective of the present study was to establish the specific mass loss from the test coatings under various slurry environmental conditions and highlights the importance of the addition of alumina in improving the slurry erosion resistance of Ni-TiO2 coating. To attain this objective, two powder compositions, viz. Ni-20TiO2 and Ni-15TiO2-5Al2O3 were deposited onto the CA6NM grade hydro-turbine steel using high velocity frame spray process. The microstructural characterization of the coatings was done by employing surface roughness tester, scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques, whereas mechanical analysis was carried out using micro-hardness and bond strength tester. The slurry erosion tests were performed using an indigenously fabricated high speed slurry erosion test rig at different levels of rotational speed, average particle size of erodent, and slurry concentration in order to explore their effects on slurry erosion performance of test coatings. The slurry erosion results, as well as scanning electron microscope observations of eroded specimens, revealed higher slurry erosion resistance of Ni-15TiO2-5Al2O3 coating in comparison with Ni-20TiO2 coating. Furthermore, each operational parameter was found to have a proportional effect on specific mass loss in case of both the coatings.

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41

Ye, Xingxing, Yexun Shi, Liming Shen, Peng Su, and Ningzhong Bao. "Optimization of Spray-Drying Process with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for Preparing High Quality Graphene Oxide Slurry." Processes 9, no. 7 (June 27, 2021): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071116.

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The “Drying-redissolution” method is promising for the industrial production of high-concentration well-dispersed graphene oxide slurry (GOS). As the potential key step in this method, the spray drying process requires a statistical investigation which guides the large-scale preparation of graphene oxide powder (GOP). This work systematically studies the effects of operating parameters, including nozzle airflow rate (439–895 L·h−1), atomization pressure (0.5–0.7 MPa), and liquid feed rate (3.0–9.0 mL·min−1), by using the response surface methodology integrated Box–Behnken design (RSM–BBD), aiming to produce GOP with high yield and easy re-dispersion. The optimized spray drying condition is predicted to be 439 L·h−1, 0.59 MPa, and 9.0 mL·min−1, at which a powder yield of 70.45% can be achieved. The experimentally obtained GOP has an average particle size of 11.65 μm and the low crumpling degree of the particle morphology results in the good re-dispersibility (97.95%) and excellent adsorption performance (244.1 mg·g−1) of GOP. The GOS prepared by the spray-dried GOP possess low viscosity and high exfoliation efficiency with a single-layer fraction up to 90.8%, exhibiting good prospects for application. This work first applied the RSM–BBD model on the spray drying process of GO, and evidenced the possibility of producing high-quality GO slurry with the “drying-redissolution” method.

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42

Golman, Boris. "Modeling of the Drying Kinetics of Slurry Droplet in Spray Drying." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 11, no. 2 (February 11, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50058.

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The detail analysis of the heat and mass transfer between the droplet containing suspended solids and the drying gas was carried out numerically. The temperature and moisture distributions within the slurry droplet were calculated during the first and second drying phases. The parametric study revealed that the droplet drying time decreases with increasing the drying gas temperature and decreasing the droplet diameter.

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43

Zhang, Chenghu, Dezhi Zou, Xinpeng Huang, and Weijun Lu. "Coal-Fired Boiler Flue Gas Desulfurization System Based on Slurry Waste Heat Recovery in Severe Cold Areas." Membranes 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12010047.

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To reduce operating costs on the basis of ensuring the desulfurization efficiency in a wet flue gas desulfurization system, a theoretical model was put forward, and a calculation method was set up. Correlations between reaction zone height, flue gas inlet temperature, slurry inlet temperature, gas–liquid ratio and desulfurization efficiency were found. Based on the heat and mass transfer model of the spray tower, the integrated system of desulfurization tower and open slurry pool and the flue gas desulfurization-waste heat recovery system were established. Additionally, the effect of outdoor wind speed, heat dissipation area and ambient temperature on the slurry equilibrium temperature in the integrated system were analyzed. The results show the slurry equilibrium temperature of the desulfurization system is negatively correlated with outdoor wind speed and heat dissipation area, and positively related to ambient temperature. The slurry temperature is the main factor that affects the performance of the wet flue gas desulfurization system. Finally, based on the Harbin heating group Hua Hui hotspot energy-saving reconstruction project, a case analysis was conducted, which proves the flue gas desulfurization-waste heat recovery system is profitable, energy saving and a suitable investment project.

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44

Aboushook, M., A. Fadol, G. Abdelhafez, and M. Al-Maghrabi. "Using Spray Technique of Bentonite Slurry in Treatment of Sand Dunes." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences 22, no. 2 (2011): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/met.22-2.7.

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45

Walker, William J., James S. Reed, and Surendra K. Verma. "Influence of Slurry Parameters on the Characteristics of Spray-Dried Granules." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82, no. 7 (July 1999): 1711–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1999.tb01990.x.

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46

Verma, Rajeev, Suman Kant, and Narendra Mohan Suri. "Process Optimization of Slurry Spray Technique Through Multi-attribute Utility Function." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 44, no. 2 (June 5, 2018): 919–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-018-3337-5.

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47

Verma, Rajeev, Narendra Mohan Suri, and Suman Kant. "Effect of parameters on adhesion strength for slurry spray coating technique." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 32, no. 4 (August 17, 2016): 416–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2016.1221090.

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48

Grewal, H. S., H. Singh, and Anupam Agrawal. "A Phenomenological Model for Slurry Erosion Prediction of Thermal Spray Coatings." Tribology Letters 56, no. 1 (August 15, 2014): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-014-0391-3.

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49

Urano, Maho, Megumi Kitahara, Kae Kishi, Eiichi Goto, Tatsuaki Tagami, Toshiro Fukami, and Tetsuya Ozeki. "Physical Characteristics of Cilostazol–Hydroxybenzoic Acid Cocrystals Prepared Using a Spray Drying Method." Crystals 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10040313.

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The cocrystal formation of pharmaceuticals can improve the various physical properties of drugs, such as solubility, without the need for chemical modification of the drug substances. In the present study, we prepared cocrystals of cilostazol and additive coformers (derivatives of hydroxybenzoic acid) using a spray drying method. Based on the preparation of the cocrystals of cilostazol and the coformers as reported previously, the characteristics of the cilostazol cocrystals prepared using solvent evaporation, slurry, and spray drying methods were compared. The physical characterization revealed that the spray drying method successfully produced cilostazol–4-hydroxybenzoic acid and cilostazol–2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid cocrystals, whereas samples of cocrystals of cilostazol and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid produced via the spray drying process appeared to contain coformer polymorphs. The dissolution of cilostazol was improved using the spray-dried cocrystal samples composed of coformers compared to samples prepared using cilostazol alone or a physical mixture. The present results provide useful information regarding the manufacture of cilostazol cocrystals and pharmaceutical cocrystals via spray drying in large-batch production.

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50

McCurdy, D. L., M. D. Wichman, and R. C. Fry. "Rapid Coal Analysis. Part II: Slurry Atomization DCP Emission Analysis of NBS Coal." Applied Spectroscopy 39, no. 6 (November 1985): 984–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702854249420.

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A McCrone Micronising Mill is used to wet grind NBS bituminous coal to a median particle diameter of 5.7 μm within 10 min. The finely divided coal slurry is immediately nebulized without sieving into a three-electrode DCP for accurate trace element determinations within 15 min overall elapsed time. Three important parameters contribute to near-quantitative elemental recovery without the use of wet or dry ashing, matrix matching, standard additions, or correction factors. These parameters are: (1) extremely small coal particle size, (2) spray chamber conditions favoring unusually efficient aerosal mass transport, and (3) high particle atomization efficiencies characteristic of the hot DCP. Near-unity response factors are observed for the rapid DCP emission determination of trace metals in finely divided coal slurry. Calibration may therefore be performed simply with aqueous standards. The slurry method gives near quantitative agreement between experimental and certified values for Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Pb in NBS bituminous coal.

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