Статті в журналах: "Slopes (Soil mechanics) Data processing"

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Putra, Irza Tri, Guskarnali Guskarnali, and Irvani Irvani. "APLIKASI SOFTWARE GEOSTUDIO 2007 SLOPE/WUNTUK ANALISIS KESTABILAN LERENG DI TAMBANG MUARA TIGA BESAR UTARA PT BUKIT ASAM (PERSERO) Tbk SUMATERA SELATAN." MINERAL 2, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/mineral.v2i2.1562.

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PT Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk is one of the State Owned Enterprises engaged in coal mining. Presente of Mine Muara slopes at Muara Tiga Besar Utara would be harmful to workers and the mechanical vehicle, because the soil/ rock is likely to experience landslides or falling. This study was conducted to determine the value of slope safety factor RKAP 2017 and redesign the slopes with a safe condition. The data used in this study include the value of cohesion (c’) the angle of friction (ϕ’) and density (γ). Retrieval of research data obtained from the test results did not drainage unconsolidated triaxial (UU) and test weight of soil/rock with Paraffin Wax Method, and then did the processing of data by using Software Geostudio 2007 Slope/w to determine the value of the safety factor of the slope. Factors affecting slope instability in Mine Muara Tiga Besar Utara were the geometry of the slope, weather/climate, vibration, and physical properties and mechanics of soil/rock composed of the density (γ), ie 1.203 to 2.025 gr/cm3, the value of cohesion (c’), which is 34 to 266 kPa and the shear angle value (ϕ’), ie 17.65 to 35.210. The results of slope stability analysis indicate that the value of slope safety factor RKAP 2017 was below 1.25, so the potential occurrence of landslides, while the redesign slope slope with the security condition had a value of safety factor is above 1.25, so that no potential landslides.

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Kemp, Nina, Vasileios Angelidakis, Saimir Luli, and Sadegh Nadimi. "How Do Roots Interact with Layered Soils?" Journal of Imaging 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging8010005.

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Vegetation alters soil fabric by providing biological reinforcement and enhancing the overall mechanical behaviour of slopes, thereby controlling shallow mass movement. To predict the behaviour of vegetated slopes, parameters representing the root system structure, such as root distribution, length, orientation and diameter, should be considered in slope stability models. This study quantifies the relationship between soil physical characteristics and root growth, giving special emphasis on (1) how roots influence the physical architecture of the surrounding soil structure and (2) how soil structure influences the root growth. A systematic experimental study is carried out using high-resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) to observe the root behaviour in layered soil. In total, 2 samples are scanned over 15 days, enabling the acquisition of 10 sets of images. A machine learning algorithm for image segmentation is trained to act at 3 different training percentages, resulting in the processing of 30 sets of images, with the outcomes prompting a discussion on the size of the training data set. An automated in-house image processing algorithm is employed to quantify the void ratio and root volume ratio. This script enables post processing and image analysis of all 30 cases within few hours. This work investigates the effect of stratigraphy on root growth, along with the effect of image-segmentation parameters on soil constitutive properties.

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Silva, Denise de Fátima Santos da, Rosyelle Cristina Corteletti, Allan Erlikhman Medeiros Santos, and Elaine Aparecida Santos da Silva. "Influence of parameters on the development of landslides in the Estrada de Ferro Vitória-Minas slopes." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 10 (August 19, 2021): e569101019300. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i10.19300.

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Landslides have been the object of extensive studies in the world, not only for their importance as active agents of modifications of relief forms, but also because can damages and losses to people and exposed structures, affecting various kinds of enterprises. This study had as objective the determination of influencing parameters on the development of landslides in the slopes aside of Estrada de Ferro Vitória-Minas (EFVM). EFVM is located in the southeastern region in Brazil and is an important railroad for the transportation of iron ore to the steel mills and for exportation, as well as for passenger transportation. The database used herein was collected from field work in EFVM, together with image processing and data in laboratory tests. The parameters selected to be evaluated were Atterberg limits, cohesion, friction angle, permeability and classification of soil in the slopes. Estimates were done on the volumes and areas of landslides that have already occurred in the slopes. Among the studied parameters, the results obtained for the Atteberg limits and soil cohesion were the most relevantly correlated with the field results, which is in accordance with other studies from literature. It is concluded that Atterberg limits are directly related to soil ruptures, and soil cohesion contributes to soil stabilization in slopes.

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Wildani, Elgi, Fitriana Meilasari, Budhi Purwoko, Hendri Sutrisno, and Syahrudin Syahrudin. "SLOPE STABILITY TECHNICAL STUDY USING SLOPE MASS RATING (SMR) METHOD AT PT. KARYA SUMBER ALAM PERKASA, SANGGAU REGENCY, KALIMANTAN BARAT." Jurnal TEKNIK-SIPIL 22, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jtsft.v22i2.57303.

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Soil (topsoil and overburden) above the granite quarry in pit 2 (two) PT. Karya Sumber Alam Perkasa has experienced a landslide. It is probably caused by the condition of pit 2 (two) slopes at PT. Karya Sumber Alam Perkasa, which is currently being mined, is quite steep. External factors that can trigger the movement of rock masses are vibrations due to breakers. This condition has the potential to increase the risk of slope stability. Slope stability is influenced by geological conditions, joints, slope geometry, water conditions below the soil surface, physical and mechanical properties, and vibrations due to blasting and mechanical equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a technical study of slope stability. The research aims to study rock mass class, potential type of landslide, and potential slope stability. The technical study of slope stability uses the Slope Mass Rating (SMR) method. Data processing using software Rocscience Dips 7.016. Analysis of potential types of landslides based on stereographic projections. The result of the RMR calculation is 78, so the rock mass class is number II, which is included in the excellent category. The results analysis of the potential for the type of failure indicates t tends to lead to the toppling failure, but after the study, there is no failure because it does not meet the landslide requirements. The result of the analysis of potential slope stability is that the slope in pit 2 (two) is safe or stable because the SMR value is 78 and the safety factor value is 2,458.

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Podhrázská, Jana, Josef Kučera, Filip Chuchma, Tomáš Středa, and Hana Středová. "Effect of changes in some climatic factors on wind erosion risks – the case study of South Moravia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 6 (2013): 1829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361061829.

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The intensity of wind erosion is determined by climatic factors (wind direction and wind speed, precipitation, temperature, humidity, presence of negative temperatures), soil and geological factors (geological composition of the area, the size and shape of soil particles, soil moisture, soil structure, mechanical stability of soil), vegetation factors (vegetation cover, crop residues), geomorphological factors (shape and distribution of the slopes, the incidence planes and leeward sites) and anthropogenic factors (length and orientation of land, farming, irrigation). Potential exposure of the wind erosion can be expressed through indexes of soil susceptibility to wind erosion in conjunction with the effects of climatic factors. In connection with the fluctuating values of climatic factors induced by climate changes, differences can be expected to occur also in the size of areas threatened by wind erosion. One of the areas, most endangered by wind erosion in the Czech Republic, is South Moravia. In this region there was performed the regionalization of localities, endangered by wind erosion. This paper presents results of analysis the erosion risks according to climatic and soil characteristics statistically processed for the period from 1901–1950. These are then compared with areas endangered by wind erosion that were established based on the updated set of climatic data and its statistical processing from the period of years 1961–2000. The results are processed into map outputs by using GIS.

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Wielandt, Stijn, Sebastian Uhlemann, Sylvain Fiolleau, and Baptiste Dafflon. "Low-Power, Flexible Sensor Arrays with Solderless Board-to-Board Connectors for Monitoring Soil Deformation and Temperature." Sensors 22, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 2814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072814.

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Landslides are a global and frequent natural hazard, affecting many communities and infrastructure networks. Technological solutions are needed for long-term, large-scale condition monitoring of infrastructure earthworks or natural slopes. However, current instruments for slope stability monitoring are often costly, require a complex installation process and/or data processing schemes, or have poor resolution. Wireless sensor networks comprising low-power, low-cost sensors have been shown to be a crucial part of landslide early warning systems. Here, we present the development of a novel sensing approach that uses linear arrays of three-axis accelerometers for monitoring changes in sensor inclination, and thus the surrounding soil’s deformation. By combining these deformation measurements with depth-resolved temperature measurements, we can link our data to subsurface thermal–hydrological regimes where relevant. In this research, we present a configuration of cascaded I2C sensors that (i) have ultra-low power consumption and (ii) enable an adjustable probe length. From an electromechanical perspective, we developed a novel board-to-board connection method that enables narrow, semi-flexible sensor arrays and a streamlined assembly process. The low-cost connection method relies on a specific FR4 printed circuit board design that allows board-to-board press fitting without using electromechanical components or solder connections. The sensor assembly is placed in a thin, semi-flexible tube (inner diameter 6.35 mm) that is filled with an epoxy compound. The resulting sensor probe is connected to an AA-battery-powered data logger with wireless connectivity. We characterize the system’s electromechanical properties and investigate the accuracy of deformation measurements. Our experiments, performed with probes up to 1.8 m long, demonstrate long-term connector stability, as well as probe mechanical flexibility. Furthermore, our accuracy analysis indicates that deformation measurements can be performed with a 0.390 mm resolution and a 95% confidence interval of ±0.73 mm per meter of probe length. This research shows the suitability of low-cost accelerometer arrays for distributed soil stability monitoring. In comparison with emerging low-cost measurements of surface displacement, our approach provides depth-resolved deformation, which can inform about shallow sliding surfaces.

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Самуилов, Феофан, Feofan Samuilov, Сергей Васильев, Sergey Vasil'ev, Иван Максимов, Ivan Maksimov, Петр Мишин, et al. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE METHOD FOR DETERMINING AND PROCESSING OF DATA ON THE PARAMETERS OF THE SUBSTRATE SURFACE OF AGROLLDSHIPS OF SLOPE LAND." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 13, no. 2 (August 6, 2018): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5b350696580256.71794175.

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The scientific article considers methods for studying the underlying surface of agro landscapes of slope lands - local and integral: contact and non-contact. Each group in turn includes a visual, optical and mechanical approach. For carrying out experimental studies on sloping lands, a method has been developed for determining the average slope, roughness and waviness of an elementary site in the field, and profilographs for its implementation. Using the moving average method, it is possible to break the data into components and isolate, on a general background, the average surface slope, randomly distributed irregularities, surface roughness and technological furrows with a corrugation of the surface. In order to automate the process of determining these parameters, a program has been developed that allows you to directly calculate and display information on the monitor screen. Field studies using a profiler with contactless profilograph were conducted on different soil fertility, including the examination of the field station, located on the slope of the complex after the pre-winter tillage BDM-3x4P in Morgaushskiy District of the Chuvash Republic. After data processing, the average slope of the elementary area for a certain point of the field was 0.06 or 3.440. The direction of the main soil cultivation was determined from the angle of deviation of the technological grooves from the direction of the slope, which amounted to 93.60. The data obtained are presented in the Excel spreadsheet as a relationship between two parameters: the angle of rotation and the height of the surface profile of the soil, in the form of a sweep. Further, using the moving average method for the field section with soil disking, the average slope of the surface was determined to be 3.440, the surface roughness was 3.54 mm, and the waviness (soreness) of the soil surface was 7.94 cm.

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Khudayarov, Berdirasul, Sherzod Mardonov, Nurbek Rashidov, Xasan Sodikov, and Dilshod Baratov. "Ripper for processing slope fields." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404034.

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The purpose of the study is to substantiate the parameters of a spherical disk working body. New technology of tillage of slope fields that prevent water erosion, a design scheme of a ripper for its implementation is presented. The ripper consists of lower and upper working bodies of the “paraglider” type and a spherical disk. The study applied the laws and rules of theoretical mechanics, agricultural mechanics, mathematical statistics, and methods of strain measurement and the methods given in the existing regulatory documents (TSt 63.04.2001, TSt 63.03.2001). The new technology of tillage of slope fields makes it possible to form step ridges on the surface of the arable land and on the bottom of the furrow, which protects the soil of the slopes from water erosion. It is established that when the diameter of the spherical disk of 510 mm, the curvature radius of 56 mm, tilt angle relative to the direction of motion of 28-30° to the vertical at an angle of 17-18°, the transverse and longitudinal distance between the disc and work on the bottom ripper respectively 30 and 20 cm ensures the formation of ridges on the surface of the field according to agrotechnical requirements at a minimum cost of energy.

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Preti, F., and F. Giadrossich. "Root reinforcement and slope bioengineering stabilization by Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum L.)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 3 (May 29, 2009): 3993–4033. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-3993-2009.

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Abstract. The present paper deals with the characteristics of the root system of Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum L.), a species that is worth taking into consideration for its capacity for adaptation and resistance to drought. In particular, the aims of the study were 1) to investigate the plant's bio-mechanical aspects and 2) to verify whether root reinforcement and the field rooting ability of stem cuttings enhance its potential for use in slope stabilization and soil bio-engineering techniques, particularly in Mediterranean areas. Single root specimens were sampled and tested for tensile strength, obtaining classical tensile strength-diameter relationships. Analyses were performed on the root systems in order to assess root density distribution. The Root Area Ratio (RAR) was analyzed by taking both direct and indirect measurements, the latter relying on image processing. The data obtained were used to analyze the stability of an artificial slope (landfill) and root reinforcement. The measurement and calculation of mean root number, mean root diameter, RAR, root cohesion and Factor of safety are presented in order to distinguish the effect of plant origin and propagation. Furthermore, tests were performed to assess the possibility of agamic propagation (survival rate of root-ball endowed plants, rooting from stem cuttings). These tests confirmed that agamic propagation is difficult, even though roots were produced from some buried stems, and for practical purposes it has to be ruled out. Our results show that Spanish Broom has good bio-mechanical characteristics with regard to slope stabilization, even in critical pedoclimatic conditions and where inclinations are quite steep, and it is effective on soil depths of up to about 50 cm, in agreement with other studies on Mediterranean species. It is effective in slope stabilization, but less suitable for soil bio-engineering or for triggering natural plant succession.

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Preti, F., and F. Giadrossich. "Root reinforcement and slope bioengineering stabilization by Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum L.)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 9 (September 29, 2009): 1713–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1713-2009.

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Abstract. The present paper deals with the root system's characteristics of Spanish Broom (Spartium junceum L.), a species whose capacity for adaptating and resisting to drought is worth investigating. In particular, the aims of the study were 1) to investigate the plant's bio-mechanical aspects and 2) to verify whether root reinforcement and the field rooting ability of stem cuttings enhance its potential for use in slope stabilization and soil bio-engineering techniques, particularly in the Mediterranean areas. Single root specimens were sampled and tested for tensile strength, obtaining classic tensile strength-diameter relationships. Analysis were performed on the root systems in order to assess root density distribution. The Root Area Ratio (RAR) was analyzed by taking both direct and indirect measurements, the latter relying on image processing. The data obtained were used to analyze the stability of an artificial slope (landfill) and the root reinforcement. The measurement and calculation of mean root number, mean root diameter, RAR, root cohesion and Factor of safety are presented in order to distinguish the effect of plant origin and propagation. Furthermore, tests were performed to assess the possibility of agamic propagation (survival rate of root-ball endowed plants, rooting from stem cuttings). These tests confirmed that agamic propagation is difficult, even though roots were produced from some buried stems, and for practical purposes it has been ruled out. Our results show that Spanish Broom has good bio-mechanical characteristics with regard to slope stabilization, even in critical pedoclimatic conditions and where inclinations are quite steep, and it is effective on soil depths up to about 50 cm, in agreement with other studies on Mediterranean species. It is effective in slope stabilization, but less suitable for soil bio-engineering or for triggering natural plant succession.

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Hrushetskiy, Hrushetskiy, Yuriy Pavelchuk, Ihor Babyn, and Oleg Lyashuk. "MODELING OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF SOWING GRAIN CROPS BY OPENERS FOR DIRECT SOWING ON SLOPE." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 2(117) (August 30, 2022): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2022-2-4.

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To date, sowing is one of the most urgent tasks, therefore, universal sowing equipment is widely in demand, which should ensure a uniform distribution of the number of plants per unit area to create the same conditions for development. Theoretical studies were carried out using the methods of theoretical mechanics, strength of materials, probability theory, mathematical analysis and modeling. Research is carried out on the basis of numerous implementations of the equations of continuum dynamics in applied engineering calculation programs - CAE systems. The article provides a theoretical analysis of the interaction of the soil layer with the surface of the working body of the seeder for the implementation of the technological process of sowing seeds of grain crops on the slopes. We have obtained a diagram of the forces acting on the soil during the working process, a diagram of the forces acting on the soil layer while moving along the slope, a diagram for determining the parameters of the working plane, initial and limiting conditions for the interaction of the working body with the soil environment, a diagram for determining the speed of the soil layer, a diagram changes in the speed of the soil layer on the slopes, the scheme of forces acting on the soil layer on the slopes, the dependence of the gravity force of the soil layer on the surface of the working body and the backing force on the angle of the slope, the dependence of the backing force on the angle. The initial and limiting conditions of the mathematical model of the technological process are considered, and a technique for implementing the mathematical model of the technological process of the work of the working body on slopes with different values of the angle of inclination of the working surface is developed. A mathematical model of the technological process of tillage on different types of agricultural landscapes by experimental working bodies has been developed. The initial and limiting conditions of the mathematical model of the technological process of processing are established, taking into account the slope of the working surface of the field.

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Mabrur, Adkha Yulianandha, Silvester Sari Sai, and Fransisca Dwi Agustina. "Pemetaan Orthophoto Untuk Rencana Pembuatan Peta Rawan Longsor." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i1.1860.

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Landslides are one of the natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia. The area can be seen geologically by having a hilly land surface with quite steep soil conditions. Several factors cause landslides such as rainfall, sloping slopes, soil type, and the presence of vibration. One region that is classified as a landslides prone area is Pandansari Village, Ngantang District, Malang Regency. This is because some areas of Malang Regency are hills with quite steep land slopes, erratic rainfall conditions and land used that is not under the type of soil. The process of data sampling and processing is carried out by utilizing photogrammetric mapping and Geographic Information Systems in identifying landslide disasters. The processed data is the result of the photogrammetric mapping, namely orthophoto and DEM which can later be used for the landslide identification process. The results of the research in the first year are in the form of orthophoto which will later be used as data for making landslide-prone maps for the Pandansari Village area, Ngantang District, Malang Regency, and landslide-prone maps by utilizing the required data parameters as supporting data for identifying the level of landslide susceptibility. This study will be useful for the of the Pandansari Villager, Ngantang District, Malang Regency to determine the level of vulnerability from low to very vulnerable class, so people can anticipate landslides.

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Picarelli, L., G. Urciuoli, A. Mandolini, and M. Ramondini. "Softening and instability of natural slopes in highly fissured plastic clay shales." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 4 (June 14, 2006): 529–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-529-2006.

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Abstract. Softening is often considered to be the main cause of first-time slides in OC clay, but so far the mechanics of softening has not been satisfactorily explained. Bearing on laboratory data and field observations about landslides in tectonized highly plastic clay shales of Italian Apennines, the paper describes a process of soil weakening that could explain some failures of natural slopes.

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Kokocňska-Pakiet, Elzbieta. "Monitoring of soil structure." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 906, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/906/1/012055.

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Abstract Based on data from the Central Office of Construction Supervision, there were 5455 construction disasters in Poland between 2008 and 2019. Four thousand twenty-three disasters were caused by random events, of which 110 were caused by landslides. Most of these events took place in 2010, when there were up to 94 disaster-related landslides. Landslides have been occurring with different intensity, significantly influencing the current structure of the Earth surface. In natural conditions, without human intrusion, these phenomena have a character of long-term processes that activate depending on the changes of natural external conditions such as ground saturation with water, area deforestation, high degradation or slopes erosion. Everyone who had contact with landslides knows that it is not a sudden phenomenon, but a process - chain of events occurring one after another and developing with time. This phenomenon forces constant necessity of getting more detailed knowledge of the processes mechanism and character and phenomena occurring inside the slopes. That is why slope monitoring plays such an important role in understanding the mechanism of landslides. In Poland, most structures of this type belong to the second or third geotechnical category in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Transport, Construction and Maritime Economy (2012). The law obliges the owner of the land on which this type of structure is located to perform inspections and monitoring of its condition. The monitoring of the slope protecting the liquid waste landfill facility located at the food processing plant was analysed in the article. In 1997, the slope was subject to a construction disaster in consequence of washout by the Oder River and too high irrigation of the ground structure. Following the disaster, the slope with the waste reservoirs slid into the river polluting it. Since the reconstruction, the slope is subject to constant monitoring of the external geometry and checking the condition of the ground building the dam. The paper discusses the applied monitoring methods and shows the methodology of conducting the measurements. The results of slope settlement were analysed and compared with model calculations. In conclusion, modern monitoring techniques were shown, which could be applied to this type of structures.

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D.N. Sharma, Ziaullah Shareef, and K.K. Sharma. "Soil and Rock Mechanics Investigations for the Assessment of Strata Behaviour of an Opencast Coal Mine." Global Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15377/2409-5710.2015.02.01.2.

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Abstract: The Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) planned for deepening the Opencast projects from the present depth of 250m to 400m. For successful operation and forecasting of strata behaviour in pre-mining was recognized. In this direction, SCCL had tie-up with CSIRO, Australia to work jointly, with a lead research provider. As part of these studies, to meet the requirement of generating needy data to conduct Numerical Modelling, extensive program was organized to take up different Physico Mechanical Properties (PMP) tests. In light of this, different tests suggested were taken up in SCCL and NIRM laboratories. The data thus generated were analyzed statistically to make use of the same for Numerical Modelling by CSIRO, Australia. The data generated during the course of organizing different tests, are synthesized and discussed in this paper. The paper deals with the methodology evolved in generation of desired soil and Rock Mechanics data to assess the stability of pit slopes, internal dump and OB dumps.

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Isaeva, S. Sh. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF SOILS IN THE GUSAR-GONAGKEND CADASTRAL REGION OF AZERBAIJAN." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 3 (October 24, 2020): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2020-56-3-46-54.

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The scientific research of land resourceswhich develops the ways of organizing the effective use and protection of lands based on the ecological assessment of soils serve to create ecologically and economically balanced high-yielding and sustainable agricultural landscapes, maximally adapted to the local ecological situation. The soil bonitet scores of the studied territory were determined according to the results of analyzes and mathematical and statistical processing of data from soil-field and laboratory studies carried out in the Gusar-Gonagkend cadastral region in 2014–2016. Fund and literary soil materials have also influences the results. According to the methods of D.S. Bulgakov, G.Sh. Mamedova and S.Z. Mamedova special assessment scales for the compliance of soils with the ecological requirements of summer pastures, mesophytic forests, perennial plantations, grain and vegetable crops were developed. On the basis of these rating scales, an ecological assessment of the soils of the Gusar-Gonagkend cadastral region was carried out. The main limiting factors affecting soil fertility were determined, and the ecological scores of the soil subtypes of the study area were calculated. As a result of the research, it was found that the limiting factors for the soils of the high-mountainous zone of the Gusar-Gonagkend cadastral region are the steepness of slopes and soil fertility indicators; for soils of the mid-mountain zone - the steepness of slopes, the sum of active temperatures, pH values and particle size distribution; for the soils of the low-mountain zone - the amount of precipitation and indicators of soil fertility. The highest ecological points in the high-mountainous zone were obtained by mountain-meadow black soil-like soils (93 points), in the middle-mountain zone - mountain-forest brown typical (89 points), in the low-mountain zone - mountain-gray-brown dark and ordinary soils (93 points).

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Darban, Reza, Emilia Damiano, Aldo Minardo, Lucio Olivares, Luciano Picarelli, and Luigi Zeni. "An Experimental Investigation on the Progressive Failure of Unsaturated Granular Slopes." Geosciences 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9020063.

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Slope failure is a complex process which depends on several factors concerning nature and properties of soil, slope morphology and structure, past stress history, groundwater regime, boundary conditions, and their changes. As a consequence, the mechanism of slope failure is typically characterized by the development of a highly non-uniform strain field, which does not allow an easy prediction of the failure conditions. Usually, the process which will bring the slope to final collapse starts with local soil failure, which then leads to formation and propagation of a shear zone, and finally to general slope failure. This mechanical process is called progressive failure. However, in spite of the progresses in the knowledge of the slope behavior, a complete framework about the progressive failure is still missing; in particular, information about the response of granular unsaturated sloping soils is very poor. This paper reports the results of a couple of small-scale experiments on slopes reconstituted with unsaturated pyroclastic soils and subjected to continuous rainfall. The use of miniaturized sensors and optical fibers provided useful data to read some aspects of the mechanics of failure.

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Harist, Muhammad Chaidir, Humam A. Afif, Dian Nurahandayani Putri, and Iqbal Putut Ash Shidiq. "GIS modelling based on slope and morphology for landslide potential area in Wonosobo, Central Java." MATEC Web of Conferences 229 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822903004.

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National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB) noted since early 2017 to December 4th, 2017 recorded as many as 577 incidents of landslides throughout Indonesia. Based on Indonesia Disaster Information Data (DIBI) within 2017 until now in Wonosobo District there are 9 landslide events and one of them is in Wadaslintang Sub-District where causing fatalities and material loss. Many factors can cause landslides such as rainfall, slope, geological soil type and vegetation density, which is slopes are a major factor in some landslide disaster cases. Therefore, to anticipate the loss of both casualties and material losses more in Wonosobo Regency, it is necessary to conduct a study in order to obtain landslide potential areas. The model applied to determine landslide potential areas is the SMORPH model approach by implementing slope morphology and angle/gradient of the slopes using Geographic Information System (GIS). From the results of data processing found that the area of landslide potential with the highest grade in Wonosobo district of 17% area, and for sub-district and the sub-district with the highest potential landslide is Wadaslintang with the percentage of 13.85% area. Landslides can affect a variety of land uses, and the most widely affected is a plantation with 87,07 Km2

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Zakaria, Muhammad Faizal, and Siti Masyithoh Maisarah. "IDENTIFIKASI BIDANG GELINCIR PADA DAERAH RAWAN LONGSOR DESA SRIMARTANI, YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal Geofisika Eksplorasi 5, no. 3 (January 17, 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jge.v5i3.36.

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Landslides are one of the disasters that often occur in Srimartani Village, Piyungan District, Yogyakarta. The biggest cause of landslides is the steep slope and the existence of a sliding plane on the slope. This study aims to identify the sliding plane on the slopes in Srimartani Village. This research was conducted using geoelectric method Wenner configuration with a: 10 m and n: 6. The data acquisition was taken in 6 lines. Data processing was done using Res2Dinv software and the result is a 2D true resistivity cross section. The results of the interpretation of the six lines indicate the existence of a sliding plane which is characterized by low resistivity contrast at the bottom and higher resistivity near the surface. Low resistivity (10 Ωm) is identified as clay rock and high resistivity ( 10 Ωm) above is identified as surface soil.

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Chashchin, Aleksey, Iraida Samofalova, and Natalya Mudrykh. "The use of morphometric indicators of the relief for soil mapping of around plants in the conditions of the middle taiga in the northern part of the Perm region." InterCarto. InterGIS 27, no. 4 (2021): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-4-27-162-174.

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The digital elevation model (DEM) matrix allows to reveal the relationship of the soil cover with morphometric parameters. Therefore, in the absence of the possibility of a large-scale field survey of soils, for territories with a high degree of erosion hazard, the data on the relief make it possible to carry out predictive large-scale soil maps. The aim of the work is to create a cartographic model of the soil cover of agricultural land based on the extrapolation of the results of DEM processing and to compare it with the existing large-scale soil map in similar natural conditions. The object of research is the territory of LLC “Selskoe” located in the Solikamsk urban district of the Perm region. Agricultural land use belongs to the northernmost agricultural lands in the region. The total area of research was 429 hectares of arable land. The plot includes 8 fields. For soil mapping, a digital elevation model ALOS 30 and a large-scale soil map of the key site were used, which characterizes part of the land use of the subsidiary farm “Voskhod”. Using the results of the classification of the relief according to the GIS SAGA TPI based landform classification algorithm as a contour base and the existing soil map of the key site, a soil map of LLC “Selskoe” was made by the extrapolation method. The steepness of the slopes and the topographic moisture index were used as auxiliary data. In conditions of complex relief, a clear dependence of the location of soils on relief elements has been established. By extrapolating data from a large-scale soil survey, 10 soil cartographic units were identified. According to the relief elements, podzolic, sod-podzolic, bog-podzolic and alluvial soils were identified. In terms of granulometric composition, light soils prevail, a small area is occupied by medium loamy soils.

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Labiouse, V., and B. Heidenreich. "Half-scale experimental study of rockfall impacts on sandy slopes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 6 (December 3, 2009): 1981–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1981-2009.

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Abstract. In the framework of rockfall trajectory modelling, the bouncing phenomenon occurring when a rock block impacts with the slope surface is the most difficult to predict, owing to its complexity and its very limited understanding. To date, the rebound is commonly quantified by means of two coefficients of restitution estimated from a rough description of the ground material. To acquire a better knowledge of the bouncing phenomenon and to investigate the influence of various impact parameters, a comprehensive experimental study was undertaken at the LMR-EPFL (Rock Mechanics Laboratory – Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne). After a summary of the main conclusions drawn from a small-scale study, the paper focuses on half-scale experiments, describing first the testing device and the data processing and analysing then the influence of several impact parameters. It is observed that the rebound and the commonly-used coefficients of restitution expressed for the mass centre of the block depend not only on slope material characteristics, but also on factors related to the kinematics (slope inclination and impact velocity) and to the block (weight, size and shape). As many trajectory computer codes consider constant coefficients of restitution only function of the outcropping material, the trajectory results should be interpreted with caution and always checked against field observations.

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Delfianto, Rizki, Mochtar Lutfi Rayes, and Christanti Agustina. "MORFOLOGI DAN KLASIFIKASI TANAH PADA TOPOSEKUEN LERENG BARAT GUNUNG KELUD, KEDIRI, JAWA TIMUR." Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtsl.2021.008.2.24.

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The research that was conducted from April to December 2020 in the Supiturung Micro-Watershed, located on the western slope of Mount Kelud, Kediri was aimed to study the morphological characteristics and soil classification using a topo-sequence approach. Four pedons were observed across the physiographic positions (upper, middle and lower slopes) on dry-land farming land use. The method used in this research included 8 stages, namely the preparation stage, pre-survey, map making, field observations, laboratory analysis, soil classification, data processing, and reporting. On the field, cross-sectional profiles were carried out on four selected pedons by testing the soil profile measuring 1 x 1 meter with a depth of 150-200 cm, followed by soil horizon, soil thickness, texture, structure, consistency, effective depth, type and number of pores, as well as other characteristics. Soil samples were collected from the genetic horizon of the pedons for being analyzed using standard procedures, then taken to the laboratory for soil physical and chemical analysis. Soil morphology with physicochemical properties was then classified based on the Keys Taxonomy of Soil to the Sub Group level. The results showed that each pedon has a different Sub Group. This condition can be caused by many factors, such as differences in epipedon thickness, base saturation values, organic C levels, and other morphological conditions at the time of direct observation. Four pedons have lithologic discontinuities, recognition of these types of lithologic changes is important because pedogenesis and pedogenic interpretations are greatly influenced by changes in the parent material.

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Wężyk, Piotr, Marta Szostak, Wojciech Krzaklewski, Marek Pająk, Marcin Pierzchalski, Piotr Szwed, Paweł Hawryło, and Michał Ratajczak. "Landscape monitoring of post-industrial areas using LiDAR and GIS technology." Geodesy and Cartography 64, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geocart-2015-0010.

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Abstract The quarrying industry is changing the local landscape, forming deep open pits and spoil heaps in close proximity to them, especially lignite mines. The impact can include toxic soil material (low pH, heavy metals, oxidations etc.) which is the basis for further reclamation and afforestation. Forests that stand on spoil heaps have very different growth conditions because of the relief (slope, aspect, wind and rainfall shadows, supply of solar energy, etc.) and type of soil that is deposited. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology deliver point clouds (XYZ) and derivatives as raster height models (DTM, DSM, nDSM=CHM) which allow the reception of selected 2D and 3D forest parameters (e.g. height, base of the crown, cover, density, volume, biomass, etc). The automation of ALS point cloud processing and integrating the results into GIS helps forest managers to take appropriate decisions on silvicultural treatments in areas with failed plantations (toxic soil, droughts on south-facing slopes; landslides, etc.) or as regular maintenance. The ISOK country-wide project ongoing in Poland will soon deliver ALS point cloud data which can be successfully used for the monitoring and management of many thousands of hectares of destroyed post-industrial areas which according to the law, have to be afforested and transferred back to the State Forest.

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Paliaga, Guido, Fabio Luino, Laura Turconi, Mario Profeta, Zoran Vojinovic, Sara Cucchiaro, and Francesco Faccini. "Terraced Landscapes as NBSs for Geo-Hydrological Hazard Mitigation: Towards a Methodology for Debris and Soil Volume Estimations through a LiDAR Survey." Remote Sensing 14, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153586.

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Terraced landscapes are widely applied in many mountainous regions around the world as a result of the necessity to practice subsistence agriculture. Hence, they can be regarded as one of the most diffused anthropogenic modifications of the Earth’s surface. Different techniques have been used for their implementation leading to the artificial immobilization of debris and soil along the slopes whose surface is interrupted by a sequence of sub-horizontal and sub-vertical areas often using stone walls. In some areas of the world, such interventions are thousands of years old and their resistance to the degradation caused by the morphogenetic system can be attributed to the permeability of the stone walls as well as to their regular maintenance. In some other areas, the lack of maintenance has been the main cause for degradation processes ending with their collapse. The effects of climate change manifested through higher intensities and higher frequencies of rainfall are likely to accelerate the degradation process further by causing terraces to act as a source of debris or hyperconcentrated flow. This will in turn increase the severity of geo-hydrological hazards. The measures concerning reduction of geo-hydrological hazards caused by are sought through identification of abandoned terraces and assessment of the potential for their sudden collapse. The present paper describes a framework for identification of abandoned terraces and estimation of the potential volume of shallow landslides that can be generated. The research conducted aims to advance the existing hazard assessment practices by combining numerical modeling with processing of high-resolution LiDAR data. A new algorithm is developed to support localization of terraces. The catchment scale approach applied to eight smaller catchments enables estimation of the total volume of soil and debris trapped along the slopes. It also generated some important quantitative data which will be used in the future risk assessment work. The work has been carried out within the EU-funded H2020 project RECONECT.

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Gunadi, Gunadi, Juniarti Juniarti, and Gusnidar Gusnidar. "PEMETAAN BEBERAPA CIRI KIMIA TANAH DI NAGARI SITIUNG KECAMATAN SITIUNG KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA." Jurnal Solum 14, no. 1 (September 19, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/js.14.1.38-50.2017.

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Sitiung located in Dharmasraya, West Sumatera has 5804.3 haarea which was dominated by smallholder agriculture. The soil chemical properties in Sitiung village were often analysed by some scientists, but there was no map yet provided for the soil properties information. The purpose of the study was to determineand tocreate mapofsomesoil chemical characteristics in Sitiung Village, Sitiung District, Dharmasraya Regency. The study was conducted using a survey method, as well as spatial data analysis model. Soil sampling were taken in purposive random sampling under several land units (LU), the land units (LU) were limited by soil order, slopes, and land use. LU 1: Ultisols, flat, mixed garden; LU 2: Ultisols, flat, rice; LU 3: Entisols, flat, rice; LU 4: Entisols, flat, mixed garden; LU 5: Entisols, mild, shrubs; LU 6: Oxisols, mild, shrubs; LU 7: Entisols, mild, oil palm; LU 8: Entisols, flat, oil palm; LU 9: Oxisols, mild, oil palm; LU 10: Oxisols, flat, oil palm; LU 11: Ultisols, mild, oil palm; LU 12: Oxisols, steep, oil palm. Parameters analysed were pH, Al-exchangable, organic-C, total-N, P-available, CEC, and base saturation. The spatial data analysis and data processing were used to transform soil analysis results into a thematic soil map.The result showed that the highest pH value was 5.76 (slightly acid) found in LU 3, and the lowest pH value was 4.37 (highly acid) in LU 10. The highest Al-exchangable was 9.72 cmol/kg in LU 6, while the lowest value was 0.92 cmol/kg in LU3. Furthermore, the highest value oforganic-C was 3.12 % (high) in LU 2, and the lowest was 1.78 % (low) in the LU 6. The total-N content wasmedium. The highest content of P-available was 14.7 ppmin LU 10, and the lowest was 7.93 ppm (low) in the LU 4. The highest CEC was 12.74 cmol/kg (low) and the lowest was 4.70 cmol/kg (very low) in LU 7. The basic cation content was found to be low to moderate.Keyword: Land Unit, Sitiung Village, Soil chemical properties, Thematic soil map

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Bulolo, Sam, and Eng Choon Leong. "Modelling shear strength of compacted soils." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 15007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199215007.

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Compacted soils constitute most engineering projects such as earth dams, embankments, pavements, and engineered slopes because of their high shear strength and low compressibility. The shear strength of compacted soils is a key soil parameter in the design of earth structures but it is seldom determined correctly due to their unsaturated state. The shear strength of compacted soils can be better evaluated under the framework of unsaturated soil mechanics. Saturated and unsaturated tests were conducted on compacted specimens using conventional direct shear apparatus under constant water content condition. Tests were conducted at different water contents and net normal stresses. The main objective of this study is to develop a shear strength model for compacted soils. Initial matric suction was measured before the test using the filter paper method. The two-stress state variables together with the extended Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for unsaturated soils were used to obtain a lower bound model of the shear strength. The model was demonstrated using published data.

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Ratnasari, Luthfiya, and Fara Nabila Rossa. "GIS Application for Modelling Erosion Hazard in Batam Island." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 6, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 557–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v6i1.3919.

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Soil erosion disaster is a disaster that occurs simultaneously with landslide events that occur due to the destruction of the soil layer which then causes erosion followed by landslides. The phenomenon of land erosion occurs due to high rainfall, the influence of slopes and slope length, as well as due to development resources according to Mamarodia (2014). Erosion can also occur due to land degradation, namely the loss of organic matter and nutrients from the root area, this study aims to determine the erosion hazard model in Batam Island which can be displayed in the form of a RUSLE model by utilizing a geographic information system (GIS). The data used in the form of slope maps, land use maps, maps of soil types and rainfall maps on Batam Island using the data processing method used is the RUSLE method to provide information in the form of erosion hazard categories and produce a two-dimensional erosion hazard model map. The result is a map of the erosion hazard model in a two-dimensional form with categories obtained from the combination of the four maps that have been classified. The results of this research are information on the area of soil erosion with very light categories (24,200.42 Ha), light (5,488, 20 Ha), medium (5,100.42 Ha), heavy (3,029.43 Ha), and very heavy (2,929.64 ha) spread over Batam Island. The slope with the highest slope height is class 129,284 ft to 148,627 ft, and the lowest height elevation is in class -6,11 ft to 13,232 ft. the Batam area tends to have an area with an elevation of 13,232 ft to an altitude of 32,574 ft.

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Levkevich, V. E. "Slope Protection Structures at Water Reservoirs in Belarus and Causes of their Deformations." Science & Technique 17, no. 6 (December 13, 2018): 478–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2018-17-6-478-488.

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Assessment of the current state in respect of various bank stabilization with identification of causes of their destruction and deformation scale has been carried out on the basis of the survey pertaining to coastal protection structures in more than 100 reservoirs of the country. The paper presents results of field observations on bank slope protection structures which are used at water reservoirs in Belarus. It has been established that the most common protection of banks and slopes is strengthening in the form of reinforced concrete monolithic or prefabricated slabs. It has been determined that deformations of slope protection are represented by opening of tile-to-tile construction, temperature and settlement joints (it has been recorded opening width of 0.35 m) which develop under a complex impact of wind waves, fluctuations in levels and other factors. Subsequently deformations of exposed joints lead to destruction of the protection. Value of slope deformations reaches in some cases rather significant extent: linear processing (destruction) of slopes – up to 24.20 m; volume of erosion – up to 4.25 m3/m running. Physical modeling of slope deformations carried out at a hydro-technical laboratory of the Belarusian National Technical University while using models of ground retaining structures protected by reinforced concrete strengthening with various opening width of joints has allowed to determine dynamics and scope of slope deformations due to the influence of wave and level regimes having various parameters. Data of on-site investigations on protection have made it possible to assess the state of slope paving for various operational periods of retaining structures. The paper presents reasons and factors that affect the protection stability. The results of on-site and laboratory investigations on protection stability have permitted to determine that the following reasons influence on the development of deformations: presence of objective inaccuracies and assumptions in the accepted calculated design schemes and dependencies for determination of protection parameters; lack of completeness in registration of conditions for wave formation and level regime of reservoirs; initial data and survey materials do not always provide true information about ground conditions for construction of bank protection facility; technological deviations while constructing structures and their protection. It has been ascertained that one of the characteristics determining a dynamic stability of banks and slopes in structures under conditions of the reservoirs in Belarus along with the above reasons is a composition of the eroded soil characterized, in particular, by a inhomogeneity coefficient of loose soil. A self-pavement effect identified during the study of protection stability and formed during destruction of a bank composed of loose soils with increased heterogeneity has made it possible to propose a method for protecting slopes and banks. On-site investigations and laboratory experiments have permitted to obtain empirical relationships for calculation of dynamic equilibrium profile with self-pavement of two types. The paper provides a calculation for combined slope protection consisting of rockfill and synthetic filter materials of increased strength.

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Scotto di Santolo, A., A. M. Pellegrino, and A. Evangelista. "Experimental study on the rheological behaviour of debris flow." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2010): 2507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2507-2010.

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Abstract. A model able to describe all the processes involved in a debris flow can be very complex owing to the sudden changing of the material that turns from solid into liquid state. The two phases of the phenomenon are analysed separately referring to soil mechanics procedures with regard to the trigger phase, and to an equivalent fluid for the post-failure phase. The present paper is devoted to show the experimental results carried out to evaluate the behaviour assumed by a pyroclastic-derived soil during the flow. A traditional fluid tool has been utilized: a standard rotational rheometer equipped with two different geometries. The soils tested belong to deposits that cover the slopes of the Campania region, Italy, often affected by debris flows. The influence of solid concentration Cv and grain size distribution was tested: the soils were destructurated, sieved and mixed with water starting from the in situ porosity. All material mixtures showed a non-Newtonian fluid behaviour with a yield stress τy that increases with a solid volumetric concentration and decreases for an increase of sand fraction. The experimental data were fitted with standard model for fluids. A simple relation between Cv and τy was obtained. The yield stress seems to be a key parameter for describing and predicting the post-failure behaviour of debris flows. These results suggest that in the field a small change in solid fraction, due to rainfall, will cause a slight decrease of the static yield stress, readily inducing a rapid flow which will stop only when the dynamic yield stress is reached, namely on a much smoother slope. This can explain the in situ observed post-failure behaviour of debris flows, which are able to flow over very long distances even on smooth slopes.

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Puflea, Suzana Mirela, and Ion Ioniţă. "Characteristics of the Land Degradation in the Stavnic River Basin." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2016-0017.

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Abstract Located in the Central Moldavian Plateau, the Stavnic catchment is associated to a left tributary of the upper Barlad River, and extends on 21,341 ha of which 39% is under forest. The typical hilly landforms, the alternation of permeable and impermeable rocks (clays, sands, loess-like deposits), the unrolling of wetted and dry periods, the sequence of freeze and thaw cycles, and the influence of the anthropogenic factor triggered the acceleration of land degradation processes. The present day geomorphic processes such as soil erosion, gullying, mass movements and silting of reservoirs represent a major threat to the local environment. Soil erosion on the agricultural land covers mainly the land with slopes of over 5%, and it highlights through different stages of intensity. By data processing, gained from the soil surveys undertaken by O.J.S.P.A. Iasi and Vaslui, it is obviously that moderate-excessive soil erosion extends on 52% of the surveyed area. The gully erosion apparently plays secondary role in the Stavnic catchment. However, there has been identified a total number of 330 gullies, most of them being included into discontinuous gullies class, often located on the hillslopes. Landslides are the most representative geomorphologic processes and they extend on 12,006 ha, which represents 56% of the Stavnic catchment. One mention must be made, that in the context of climate aridisation occurred during the last three decades, the landslides are almost all stabilized. The majority of the few active landslides have frequently formed through the reactivation of the old landslide diluvia. By using the Cesium-137 technique in dating the recent sediments from the Cazanesti accumulation, within the lower Stavnic catchment, the mean siltation rate of 4.5 cm yr-1 after the Chernobyl nuclear accident was estimated.

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Aldosari, Mohammed, Abdulla Al-Rawabdeh, Darcy Bullock, and Ayman Habib. "A Mobile LiDAR for Monitoring Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls with Textured Precast Concrete Panels." Remote Sensing 12, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12020306.

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Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls retain soil on steep, unstable slopes with crest loads. Over the last decade, they are becoming quite popular due to their high cost-to-benefit ratio, design flexibility, and ease of construction. Like any civil infrastructure, MSE walls need to be continuously monitored according to transportation asset management criteria during and after the construction stage to ensure that their expected serviceability measures are met and to detect design and/or construction issues, which could lead to structural failure. Current approaches for monitoring MSE walls are mostly qualitative (e.g., visual inspection or examination). Besides being time consuming, visual inspection might have inconsistencies due to human subjectivity. This research focuses on a comprehensive strategy using a mobile LiDAR mapping System (MLS) for the acquisition and processing of point clouds covering the MSE wall. The processing strategy delivers a set of global and local performance measure for MSE walls. Moreover, it is also capable of handling MSE walls with smooth or textured panels with the latter being the focus of this research due to its more challenging nature. For this study, an ultra-high-accuracy wheel-based MLS has been developed to efficiently acquire reliable data conducive to the development of the serviceability measures. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed acquisition/processing strategy, two case studies in this research have been conducted with the first one focusing on the comparative performance of static and mobile LiDAR in terms of the agreement of the derived serviceability measures. The second case study aims at illustrating the feasibility of the proposed strategy in handling large textured MSE walls. Results from both case studies confirm the potential of using MLS for efficient, economic, and reliable monitoring of MSE walls.

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Valevskaya, L., and O. Sokolovskaya. "DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF QUINO GRAIN - THE MAIN STAGES OF JUSTIFICATION OF STORAGE AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY." Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 21, no. 1 (September 12, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v21i1.2089.

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The work is devoted to determining the physical and technological properties of quinoa grain. Quinoa is an unconventional crop for Ukraine, but experiments on its cultivation have been successfully completed in the Sumy region. Due to its unique chemical composition, quinoa is used in dietary and functional products.Quinoa contains about 20% protein, which makes it an excellent dietary supplement for people who do not eat animal products. The amino acid composition of quinoa proteins is very balanced and is characterized by a high content of such essential amino acids. Feature of the fatty acid composition of quinoa. it has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linolenic fatty acid and linoleic, which belongs to the acids ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids.Due to the growing popularity of quinoa and its suitability for cultivation in our climatic and soil conditions, it is important to develop the technology of its storage and processing. One of the main stages of substantiation of the choice of technology for storage and processing of quinoa grain is to determine its physical and technological properties.Physical and technological properties of grain mass are determined by a large number of indicators.Determination of physical and technological properties of quinoa grain was performed for three types of quinoa: red, black and white. In determining the physical and mechanical properties were used methods approved by the relevant standards, or used in research and recommended in the relevant literature.We have identified the following basic physical and technological properties: geometric characteristics, nature, weight of 1000 grains, duty cycle, packing density, air supply, angle of natural slope, coefficient of internal friction, coefficient of external friction. Numerical values of these indicators for each type of quinoa are determined.Knowledge of the physical and technological properties of the grain mass to solve a large number of applied problems that have practical significance. and play an important role in the processes of moistening, heating and cooling of grain. A thorough study of physical and technological properties can provide optimal conditions for storage of seeds without compromising their quality. The obtained data can be used for selection of modes of cleaning, drying and active ventilation.

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Saiya, Halvina Grasela, Suprapto Dibyosaputro, and Sigit Herumurti Budi Santosa. "USLE Estimation for Potential Erosion at Wae Heru Watershed and Wae Tonahitu Watershed, Ambon Island, Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Geography 48, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.17619.

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Abstract Calculate the potential erosion at Wae Heru and Wae Tonahitu Watershed aims to map and assess the potential erosion, in order to be a scientific consideration for exploration and development. The method is a field survey to determine the forms of land use and other forms of conservation efforts; secondary data collection, i.e. soil data, rainfall data, slopes data and data interpretation from Geo Eye satellite imagery in 2012. Further data processing used USLE formula with ArcGIS program. The results showed that the potential erosion of Wae Heru Watershed and Wae Tonahitu Watershed are in very light potential class. This is because the conditions in the upstream are still forested largely. However, at the downstream potential for erosion is vary, i.e. light class, moderate class, heavy class and very heavy class. This is because the conditions in the downstream undergo conversion into settlement, moor, garden, open land and sand mining. Abstrak Menghitung potensi erosi di Wae Heru dan Wae Tonahitu Daerah Aliran Sungai bertujuan untuk memetakan dan menilai potensi erosi, agar menjadi pertimbangan ilmiah untuk eksplorasi dan pengembangan. Metode ini adalah survei lapangan untuk menentukan bentuk penggunaan lahan dan bentuk lain dari upaya konservasi; pengumpulan data sekunder, data tanah yaitu, data curah hujan, data yang lereng dan interpretasi data dari citra satelit Geo Eye pada tahun 2012. pengolahan data lebih lanjut digunakan rumus USLE program ArcGIS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa erosi potensi Wae Heru DAS dan Wae Tonahitu Daerah Aliran Sungai di kelas potensial sangat ringan. Hal ini karena kondisi di hulu masih berhutan sebagian besar. Namun, pada potensi hilir erosi adalah bervariasi, yaitu kelas ringan, kelas menengah, kelas berat dan kelas yang sangat berat. Hal ini karena kondisi di hilir mengalami konversi menjadi pemukiman, tegalan, kebun, lahan terbuka dan penambangan pasir.

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Štefaňák, Jan, Zdeněk Kala, Lumír Miča, and Arnoldas Norkus. "GLOBAL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS FOR TRANSFORMATION OF HOEK-BROWN FAILURE CRITERION FOR ROCK MASS." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 24, no. 5 (September 11, 2018): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.5194.

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A variety of engineering activities require reliable evaluation of rock strength. For instance, the stability of rock slopes depends on structural geology of rock massif in which the slope is excavated. Hoek-Brown (HB) failure criterion applied in rock design practice introduces factors based on the properties of jointed rock. The non-linear finite element safety calculation is conveniently used for calculation safety the factor of slope stability. The Mohr-Coulomb (MC) failure (strength) criterion for soil is widely applied in geotechnical design. Therefore, the appropriate transformation from HB to the equivalent MC, employing angle of shearing resistance φ and cohesion c, is necessary. This article studies the effect of jointed rock massif properties on the transformed MC parameters by using Sobol’s global sensitivity analysis (SSA) and HB transformation equations. Statistical parameters needed for the evaluation of sensitivity analysis are processed using classical statistical methods upon the emulation of Latin Hypercube Sampling simulation methods. Developed and adapted by authors techniques are illustrated by processing real rock investigation data from survey of the trachyte massif located in the Czech Republic. The first and higher order effects of random inputs are identified using SSA. It is illustrated that the effects of inputs on the MC parameters varies significantly depending on the discontinuity distribution and height of the slope.

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Lytvynenko, Anatoаlii, and Oleksandr Alieksieienko. "Assessment of physical and mechanical indicators of sandy soils by static and dynamic probing data." Automobile Roads and Road Construction, no. 110 (2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2021-110-018-025.

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In the work, on the basis of the analysis of tabular data of both current and former normative documents on engineering-geological surveying and design of soil bases and foundations of structures and literary sources, as well as own experience, a graphical and analytical interpretation of determination of the basic values of physical-mechanical normative and calculated indices of sandy soils according to the indicators of static q, MPa and dynamic RD, MPa probing are given. The use of the proposed empirical analytical dependencies can significantly accelerate the processing of field engineering-geological surveying and provide more objective comparison of such soils condition at different objects while making design decisions. They can also be used in the development of resident software, in case of its development and manufacture for automatically calculating the values of the physical and mechanical parameters of sandy soils. The obtained analytical dependencies are presented in the form of two tables for different types of sandy soils: separately for surveying that are carried out using both static and dynamic probes. And the graphs allow you to visually compare these dependencies, that can provide new material for further scientific generalizations and conclusions in the field of soil science and mechanics.

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Schwarz, M., F. Giadrossich, and D. Cohen. "Modeling root reinforcement using a root-failure Weibull survival function." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 11 (November 6, 2013): 4367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4367-2013.

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Abstract. Root networks contribute to slope stability through complex interactions with soil that include mechanical compression and tension. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of root distribution and the dynamics of root turnover, the quantification of root reinforcement on steep slopes is challenging and consequently the calculation of slope stability also. Although considerable progress has been made, some important aspects of root mechanics remain neglected. In this study we address specifically the role of root-strength variability on the mechanical behavior of a root bundle. Many factors contribute to the variability of root mechanical properties even within a single class of diameter. This work presents a new approach for quantifying root reinforcement that considers the variability of mechanical properties of each root diameter class. Using the data of laboratory tensile tests and field pullout tests, we calibrate the parameters of the Weibull survival function to implement the variability of root strength in a numerical model for the calculation of root reinforcement (RBMw). The results show that, for both laboratory and field data sets, the parameters of the Weibull distribution may be considered constant with the exponent equal to 2 and the normalized failure displacement equal to 1. Moreover, the results show that the variability of root strength in each root diameter class has a major influence on the behavior of a root bundle with important implications when considering different approaches in slope stability calculation. Sensitivity analysis shows that the calibration of the equations of the tensile force, the elasticity of the roots, and the root distribution are the most important steps. The new model allows the characterization of root reinforcement in terms of maximum pullout force, stiffness, and energy. Moreover, it simplifies the implementation of root reinforcement in slope stability models. The realistic quantification of root reinforcement for tensile, shear and compression behavior allows for the consideration of the stabilization effects of root networks on steep slopes and the influence that this has on the triggering of shallow landslides.

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Rizqulloh, M. R., and A. Riyanto. "Distribution analysis of brittleness index, modulus young, modulus bulk, and Poisson’s ratio using the integration of refraction seismic method and MASW case study of Fasilkom UI’s new building." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012030.

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Abstract This research was conducted by validating the results of the SPT data collection that had been previously taken using geophysical methods in the engineering and environmental fields. This study can help to determine the subsurface lithology used to find the right building foundation. This research conducting to determine the distribution of the Brittleness value and the rock mechanic parameter values below the surface of the cross-section of the refractive seismic data processing in the field of the case study of Fasilkom UI’s new building in January 2020. Analysis of the distribution of Brittleness values and rock mechanics was carried out based on the calculation of Vp and Vs values obtained from processing the results of data acquisition and supporting data in the form of data (Soil Penetration Test) SPT. The 2D cross-section of rock mechanic parameters are Poisson’s Ratio has results ranging from -1 to 0.5, bulk modulus has resulted in the range 0 to 5.4, and modulus young has resulted in the range 0 to 9.5. The distribution of Brittleness values below the surface of the first and second layers is dominated by the brittle layer, the third layer is the distribution of the brittle and ductile layers, the fourth and fifth layers are dominated by ductile layers.

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Rizqulloh, M. R., and A. Riyanto. "Distribution analysis of brittleness index, modulus young, modulus bulk, and Poisson’s ratio using the integration of refraction seismic method and MASW case study of Fasilkom UI’s new building." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 846, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/846/1/012030.

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Abstract This research was conducted by validating the results of the SPT data collection that had been previously taken using geophysical methods in the engineering and environmental fields. This study can help to determine the subsurface lithology used to find the right building foundation. This research conducting to determine the distribution of the Brittleness value and the rock mechanic parameter values below the surface of the cross-section of the refractive seismic data processing in the field of the case study of Fasilkom UI’s new building in January 2020. Analysis of the distribution of Brittleness values and rock mechanics was carried out based on the calculation of Vp and Vs values obtained from processing the results of data acquisition and supporting data in the form of data (Soil Penetration Test) SPT. The 2D cross-section of rock mechanic parameters are Poisson’s Ratio has results ranging from -1 to 0.5, bulk modulus has resulted in the range 0 to 5.4, and modulus young has resulted in the range 0 to 9.5. The distribution of Brittleness values below the surface of the first and second layers is dominated by the brittle layer, the third layer is the distribution of the brittle and ductile layers, the fourth and fifth layers are dominated by ductile layers.

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Σφέικος, A., Θ. Στιμάρατζης, A. Κίλιας, and Β. Χρηστάρας. "BEHAVIOR OF PINDOS LIMESTONE DURING HIGH SLOPE EXCAVATION. AN APPROACH TO INTERPRETE AND SIMULATE THE BEHAVIOR OF THE FORMATION USING SLOPE STABILTY ANALYSIS METHODS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16659.

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The Acheloos river diversion project includes also works which improve the condition of the infrastructure network in the area. One of them was the improvement of a section at the Mouzaki - Arta national road. The road is developed through geological formations of the Pindos Zone. In the Argithea area, Karditsa County, it cuts through Cretaceous limestone bearing Calpionella. This formation develops high and steep slopes, over 50 m high. It consists of thin to medium bedded limestone, showing locally chert intercalations, and gradational transition to siliceous limestone. Thin silt or clay layers separate bedding. The formations is strongly folded and intensively jointed. The initial design proposed the construction of a slope with H:V relationship of 1:4 and benches every 20 m. The designed geometry was during and soon after excavation destroyed, due to sliding of rock particles. A new geometry was developed possessing a more stable state of dynamic equilibrium. Our task is to investigate and simulate the behavior of this formation. Based on data from both laboratory analysis and literature we ascribed the limestone formation values for its geotechnical properties. Using these values we estimate the values for the Safety Factor for the geometrical features of the slope. We control the stability of the slope using both rock mechanics and soil mechanic methods. The results point that rock formations, like the Cretaceous limestone which exhibit variation in their composition, and high contrast between the geotechnical characteristics values of the composing elements, may be considered as a material with soil properties. The Safety Factor calculation using these assumptions for the above mentioned slope, resulted a geometry close to the one developed. Therefore we conclude that such rock material and formations may successfully be simulated as materials with soil geotechnical behavior.

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Naji, Taghreed Abdulhameed, Ali Adnan N. Al-Jasim, Auday H. Shaban, and Hameed Majed Abduljabbar. "Spatial Analyzing of the Chemical Soil Properties for the Sanam Mountain- Al Zubair Region South of Basra Province and Diagnosis of its Effects on Soil Qualities Using Remote Sensing Technology and GIS." Materials Science Forum 1050 (January 18, 2022): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1050.173.

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The article discusses the spatial analysis of the chemical soil properties that is a key component of the agriculture ecosystem based on satellite images. The main objective of the present study is to measure the chemical soil properties (total dissolved salts (TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), PH, and) and the spatial variability. On 13 November 2020 (wet season), a total of 12 soil samples were collected in the field through random sampling in the Sanam mountain-Al Zubair region south of Basra province, to contain its soil samples components of minerals and precious elements such as silica and sulfur. From experimental results, the soil sample in the sixth position has the highest concentration of TDS values, reached (5798.4 mg/l), and the soil chemical parameters (EC,and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), and the percentage of sodium dissolved in the soil (Na%)), which they exceeded the limit when compared with the Iraqi determinants and the World Health Organization determinants. Furthermore, the results showed spatial fitting and a high correlation between Salinity and Sodium Adsorption Ratio in the soil. Anomalies of the pH value (7.05) at the position_10 instead of position_11 (7.1) that has a very strongly saline soil, due to attributed to the presence of sulfur in this position. The article describes the spatial prediction for TDS values through the application of the curve fitting process using soil salinity index was done for the wet season years of (2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2018, 2020) and 2020_dry season for each position of the same field samples, to study the extent of the variation that occurred over these years. The highest concentration of TDS values was in positions (4, 6 & 8), as listed in table 5. The spatial analysis and data processing has been carried out using the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS 3.16) and Environment for Visualizing Images (ENVI 5.3).

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Suschenko, Anastasia O., and Evgenia V. Kompantseva. "The study of amino acid composition of roots of dandlion (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) growing in the North Caucasus." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 20, no. 5-6 (July 15, 2020): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2020.20.3.184-190.

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Aim. Being an integral part of proteins, amino acids are involved in all physiological processes in the human body. Plants being an accessible source of biologically active substances, there is a need to study medicinal plant raw material containing amino acids that are interchangeable and essential for the human body. Materials and methods. Air-dry roots of dandelion (Тaraxacum officinale Wigg.) collected on the slopes of mount Mashuk (Pyatigorsk) in April and September 2018 were studied. They were cleared of traces of soil. To determine the bound forms of amino acids the raw material was prepared by hydrolysis during heating. Data about the composition and amount of amino acids in the analyzed samples of dandelion roots were obtained by means of the system of capillary electrophoresis Drops-105. Processing of the data was carried out with the use of the computer program Multichrom for Windows. Results and discussion. 13 free amino acids were found in the roots of dandelion, of which 7 were nonessential (-alanine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, arginine, proline) and 6 were essential amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, -phenylalanine). Bound amino acids were found to include 8 nonessential amino acids (-alanine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, arginine, Proline, glutamic and aspartic acid) and 6 essential ones (valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, -phenylalanine). The amount of free and bound amino acids in the roots of dandelion collected in April is about 1.4% by weight of the raw material and reaches 3.5% in the roots collected in September. Conclusion. The qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids in dandelion roots growing in the North Caucasus has been studied. The detected amino acids make a certain contribution to the total pharmacological effect of this type of medicinal plant raw material.

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Zhou, Zhijun, Chenning Ren, Guanjun Xu, Haochen Zhan, and Tong Liu. "Dynamic Failure Mode and Dynamic Response of High Slope Using Shaking Table Test." Shock and Vibration 2019 (March 25, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4802740.

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A shaking table test was performed to study the dynamic response and failure modes of high slope. Test results show that PGA amplification coefficients increased with increasing elevation and the PGA amplification coefficient of the concave slope was slightly larger than that of the convex slope. The slope type affected the dynamic response of the slope. The elevation amplification effect of the concave slope under seismic load was more significant than that of the convex slope; thus, the concave slope was more unstable than the convex slope. Additionally, the PGA amplification coefficient measured on the slope surface was always larger than that inside the slope, and the data show an increasing trend with the broken line. The dynamic amplification effect of the high slope was closely related to the natural frequency of the slope. Within a certain range, the higher the frequency, the more significant the amplification effect. The dynamic failure process of concave and convex slopes was studied through tests. Findings indicate that the dynamic failure modes of the concave slope are characterized by shoulder collapse, formation of the sliding surface, and integral sliding above the slope line. Dynamic failure modes of the convex slope are mainly slips in the soil layer and collapse of the slope near the slope line.

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FIRMINO GOMES, FRANCISCO EMANOEL, George Leite Mamede, and Fernando Bezerra Lopes. "ALTERNATIVA PARA O CÁLCULO AUTOMÁTICO E ESPACIALIZADO DO FATOR TOPOGRÁFICO DA USLE EM BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS." IRRIGA 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2018v1n2p6-13.

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ALTERNATIVA PARA O CÁLCULO AUTOMÁTICO E ESPACIALIZADO DO FATOR TOPOGRÁFICO DA USLE EM BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS FRANCISCO EMANOEL FIRMINO GOMES1; GEORGE LEITE MAMEDE2 E FERNANDO BEZERRA LOPES3 1Departamento de engenharia agrícola/UFC, Doutorando em engenharia agrícola, Fortaleza, CE, Fone:(85)99238-2819, CEP:60440-900, e-mail: emanoelfg@hotmail.com. 2Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável/ UNILAB, Professor Doutor, Redenção, CE, CEP: 62790-000, e-mail: georgemamede@hotmail.com 3Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, UFC, Professor Doutor, Fortaleza, CE, CEP:60440-900, e-mail: lopesfb@ufc.br 1 RESUMO Dentre os fatores da Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), o fator topográfico é que menos se aproxima da realidade e, em geral, os modelos apresentam elevada complexidade para sua determinação. Neste estudo, portanto objetivou-se calcular o fator topográfico da USLE de maneira simplificada usando técnicas de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG). Para tanto, foi utilizado dados do Modelo Digital de Elevação - MDE obtido a partir do (SRTM -Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), assim foram calculadas as declividades e os comprimentos de rampas usando processamento dos dados matriciais do MDE, para então estimar o fator topográfico. Os valores de fator topográfico variaram de 0,21 a 9,88 com média de 1,97. As técnicas de sistema de informação geográficas mostraram-se eficientes para o cálculo do fator topográfico a partir do MDE. Palavras-chave: erosão, topografia de encosta, geoprocessamento. GOMES, F. E. F.; MAMEDE, G. L.; LOPES, F. B. ALTERNATIVE FOR THE AUTOMATIC AND SPACIALIZATION OF USLE TOPOGRAPHIC FACTOR IN WATERSHEDS 2 ABSTRACT Among the factors of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the topographic factor is that it is less close to reality and, usually, the models used for its determination presents high complexity. In this study, therefore, the main objective was to calculate the topographic factor of the USLE in a simplified way using techniques geographic information system (sig). For that, data from the Digital Elevation Model – DEM was used, derived from the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), so slopes and slope length were calculated by processing of the DEM matrix data, so the topographic factor was estimated. The topographic factor values varying from 0.21 to 9.88 with an average of 1.97. The GIS techniques showed efficient for estimating the topographic factor derived from DEM data base. Keywords: erosion, topography of hillside, geoprocessing.

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Ikhsan, Cahyono, Ariva S. Permana, and Arlendenovega S. Negara. "Armor Layer Uniformity and Thickness in Stationary Conditions with Steady Uniform Flow." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 1086–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-06-01.

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The continuous movement of riverbed particles due to turbulent flow determines the stability of non-cohesive riverbeds and banks during riverbed and bank erosion and sedimentation. This study emulated the stable channel design by deriving the low maintenance cost of the channel through bed protection by an armor layer. The study investigated the effects of shear stress and grain size uniformity to determine the minimum non-cohesive armor layer thickness for the stability of riverbeds under steady uniform flow conditions. Experiments were conducted with four different discharges, five armor material gradations, and five bed-slope variations in a full-scale flume. We observed and recorded the behaviors of the five gradations of armor materials for given discharges and bed slopes. Eighty data points were recorded and analyzed. The hydraulic analysis of the flow along with the soil mechanics analysis of the armor materials was done. The soil mechanic analysis was particularly focused on the uniformity coefficient of the armor layer, Cu, to derive the armor layer equation. However, for the manageability of the study, we set the limit of the Cu between 3.0 and 6.0. From the viewpoint of non-erodibility, a wider Cu value indicated a thinner armor layer. Variables that govern the armor layer thickness and the layer thickness itself were derived and proposed. The variables, namely Cu, shear stress (t0 and tc), and mean diameter of the bed load and armor materials (Db50 and Da50). Our results show that these variables governed the thickness of the armor layer, and this is expected to contribute to the design of stable natural channels, which can minimize the cost of irrigation canal maintenance and development. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-06-01 Full Text: PDF

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Liu, Yuedong, Dongdong Yan, and Kexiong Zheng. "Design of a Comprehensive Assessment Model for the Stability and Engineering Geology of Slope Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 9, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1639311.

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The geological mechanics, geotechnical characteristics, and hydrogeological conditions of slopes are complex and changeable, so their stability assessment is a complicated system; their traditional engineering geological assessment does not consider the opposition of the system, the uncertainty of performance indicators, and the ambiguity of index classification, being easy to distort results due to the ambiguity. Improved convolutional neural network (CNN) has outstanding advantages in analyzing problems with randomness and fuzziness. It can perform unified numerical processing on slope assessment indicators with precise values, interval values, and qualitative judgment values, making the traditional qualitative description is transformed into quantitative calculation. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing and analyzing previous research works, this paper expounded the research status and significance of the comprehensive assessment model for slope stability and engineering geology; elaborated the development background, current status, and future challenges of the improved CNN; introduced the methods and principles of the model structure, convolutional layer design, and data flow optimization of the improved CNN; performed the assessment index system establishment and index weight determination; established the mathematical assessment model for slope stability; conducted the assessment module design for slope stability based on the improved CNN; analysed the importance of individual factors to the comprehensive engineering geological characteristics; discussed the determination of assessment value of comprehensive unit engineering geological characteristics; explored the assessment module design for slope engineering geology based on the improved CNN; and finally carried out an engineering application and its result analysis. The study results show that the improved CNN can select some universal and objective factors according to the actual conditions of slopes, including topography, stratum lithology, geological structure, atmospheric rainfall, groundwater, engineering activities, setting up factor sets and judgment sets, and making fuzzy inferences. The comprehensive assessment model can use appropriate mathematical methods to judge the pros and cons of slope’s stability and engineering geology according to certain principles and standards, and grade the results and identify the most important geological problems. The results of this paper provide a reference for further researches on the design of a comprehensive assessment model for slope stability and engineering geology based on the improved CNN.

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Buzzi, J., E. Costa, A. Riaza, O. Fernández, D. García-Sellés, and J. Corbera. "Cartografía de calizas con datos hiperespectrales AISA Eagle II en una zona montañosa con vegetación densa: cómo orientar geológicamente la corrección atmosférica." Revista de Teledetección, no. 51 (June 29, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/raet.2018.8998.

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Carbonated rocks are crucial targets for oil exploration, outcropping often in large areas with minimum spectral differences among geological units. The typical carbonate spectral absorptions in 2200 nm and 2300 nm, are excluded from the wavelength range of AISA Eagle II. AISA Eagle II hyperspectral data are processed in flight lines of 1024 swath pixels in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range (400 to 970 nm). The flight has a spatial resolution of 1 m and records a total of 128 channels with a spectral resolution of 4,8 nm. The area of study is a carbonate rocky mountain densely vegetated, covered by variably dense trees and bushes. Masking vegetation cover and shade effects is prior to any geological analysis using hyperspectral image processing. Carbonate units occur in mountain slopes, with small areas of ridges of rock outcrops and wide fans of loose material. The background soil of different geological units differ spectrally only by overall reflectance. Instead, limestone rocky outcrops display spectral responses with smooth typical iron oxide absorptions that distinguish them apart from loose boulders of limestone. Trying to enhance spectral differences in the visible wavelength range among carbonate geological units, an atmospheric correction using field spectra from geologically selected targets in a limestone quarry was performed. This way, it was possible to map apart lithologically similar detrital units dominated by carbonate in a river plain. The limy river bottom displays spectra with a straight line in the visible wavelength range due to abundant organic matter and small grain size. The spectra of the upper terraces record spectral absorption features related to iron oxide contents similar to the rock outcrops in ridges of mountains. The use of field spectra from geologically selected targets improves the mapping capability of hyperspectral imagery in areas with geological units with a homogeneous spectral response.

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Pupatenko, V. V., Yu A. Sukhobok, and G. M. Stoyanovich. "Evaluation of Electrophysical Properties of Soils in the Slope Zones of the Foundation During GPR Survey." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 6 (July 30, 2021): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-6-88-107.

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The article describes a new method for conducting a ground penetrating radar survey of slope zones of soil objects of transport infrastructure. In the lithological section of these objects, there are sub-horizontal and inclined soil boundaries, as well as slope zones. Traditional survey methods (drilling, pitting), as well as the standard GPR method, make it possible to reliably survey at these objects, as a rule, only the zones under the horizontal main ground of the subgrade and sub-horizontal sections of the ground outside its boundaries. Survey under inclined surfaces is often difficult or technically impossible; geophysical methods, just like traditional ones, provide initial information that is exceedingly difficult for further decoding. The sections are filled with re-reflections and noises, and the process of decoding them is associated with great methodological problems.This paper presents a new method for determining speed of propagation of radio waves in the slope zones of the foundation. The initial information is the data obtained during the survey using the common depth point (CDP) method, using a well-known survey technique and a standard set of hardware. The novelty of the article results is determined by the algorithm for processing the measurement results developed by the authors. The software implementation made on its basis makes it possible to obtain the hodograph equation considering the slope of the layers. Defining geometric characteristics of embankments associated with the presence of slopes of variable steepness have been considered. A technique for calculating propagation speed of radio waves for a two-layer medium with a boundary inclined to the scanning surface has been proposed. The validity of the developed method was verified using finite-difference time-domain modelling.The article provides examples of practical application of the developed method in the GPR survey of real track foundation objects (transport infrastructure objects). The method proposed in the article makes it possible to increase the informative area of the surveyed diameters. At the same time, the accuracy of the GPR method is preserved, the area of its application for obtaining reliable information is increased to 60 % of the cross-sectional area of the foundation.

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Keerthi, V., and T. Anuradha. "A Secret data sharing Model for Agriculture Experts in Federated Cloud based on Polynomial based Encrypted Scheme." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 4 (February 28, 2021): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d8542.0210421.

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A shift in computation from PC’s to Cloud allows more number of users to involve in cooperative computation on various categories of data wish to merge their expertise and thereby gain more useful information without leaking their own sensitive information. In the case of data collected from various sensors in an agricultural farm IoT device, the cloud and customers can cooperate to provide adequate services; benefits to experts, research stations related to agriculture. Enormous Agriculture Data generated is related to Soil, weather, Research, crop, farmers, Agriculture marketing, Agri-IOT, fertilizers and pesticide makes cloud as a centralized resource.The exchange of information and research will inculcate a healthy competitive atmosphere in the country in agriculture. Sharing of data, computation, services across cloud boundaries with different clients at different places will enhance expertise suggestions and results to farming field which benefit to improve countries economy. Federation of cloud will allow resource and data sharing, but the security threats severely limit the application development as the usage of data processing or sharing mechanisms will leak private information. So in this research paper, a Polynomial Based Encryption Secret Sharing Scheme (PBESSS)is proposed as Federated cloud data exchange system with multiple cloud instances of the same cloud host or separate computing hosts.

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Sitinjak, Jeremi, Fatma Sarie, and Okrobianus Hendri. "STABILISASI TANAH LEMPUNG MENGGUNAKAN PASIR PANTAI TERHADAP NILAI CBR." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil TRANSUKMA 4, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/transukma.v4i1.90.

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Masalahan yang sering dijumpai dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan konstruksi adalah tidak selalu ditemuinya tanah dasar (subgrade) yang memiliki nilai CBR atau daya dukung yang memadai, sehingga perlu dilakukan stabilisasi. Pada penelitian ini mengambil sampel tanah dari daerah Kasongan Lama, Katingan Hilir, Kabupaten Katingan, Kalimantan Tengah. Maksud dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa jenis tanah dari nilai CBR tanah dengan penambahan Pasir Pantai Ujung Pandaran sebagai bahan campuran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh penambahan pasir pantai pada tanah lempung terhadap nilai CBR. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dan analisis data di Laboratorium Mekanika Tanah, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Palangka Raya. Adapun penelitian yang dilakukan adalah 4 variasi yaitu 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15% dan pemeraman selama 3 hari. Setelah pengujian dan pengolahan data dilakukan didapat hasil jenis tanah menurut klasifikasi USCS digolongkan pada kelompok CH yaitu lempung organik dengan plastisitas tinggi sedangkan menurut klasifikasi AASTHO tanah termasuk kedalam kelompok A-7-6 yaitu tanah berlempung. Hasil pemeriksaan nilai CBR secara berturut-turut sesuai campuran sebagai berikut 3,25%; 4,05%; 6,10%; dan 7,30%. Dari hasil nilai CBR dapat terlihat bahwa penambahan pasir pantai pada tanah lempung menunjukkan peningkatan nilai CBR pada tanah lempung sesuai dengan peningkatan persentase campuran. The problem that is often encountered in the implementation of construction development is not always found subgrade that has a CBR value or adequate carrying capacity, so it needs to be stabilized. In this study, soil samples were taken from the Kasongan Lama area, Katingan Hilir, Katingan Regency, Central Kalimantan. The purpose of this study was to analyze the soil type from the CBR value of the soil with the addition of Ujung Pandaran Beach Sand as a mixed material. The purpose of this study was to find out how much influence the addition of beach sand to clay had on the CBR value. This study uses experimental methods and data analysis at the Soil Mechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of Palangka Raya. The research conducted was 4 variations, namely 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% and curing for 3 days. After testing and processing the data, the results obtained that the soil type according to the USCS classification was classified in the CH group, namely organic clay with high plasticity, while according to the AASTHO classification the soil was included in group A-7-6, namely loamy soil. The results of the examination of the CBR value successively according to the mixture as follows: 3.25%; 4.05%; 6.10%; and 7.30%. From the results of the CBR value, it can be seen that the addition of beach sand to clay soils shows an increase in CBR values in clay soils according to the increase in the percentage of the mixture.

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Jiang, Haonan, Timo Balz, Francesca Cigna, and Deodato Tapete. "Land Subsidence in Wuhan Revealed Using a Non-Linear PSInSAR Approach with Long Time Series of COSMO-SkyMed SAR Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071256.

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Wuhan is an important city in central China, with a rapid development that has led to increasingly serious land subsidence over the last decades. Most of the existing Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) subsidence monitoring studies in Wuhan are either short-term investigations—and thus can only detect this process within limited time periods—or combinations of different Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) datasets with temporal gaps in between. To overcome these constraints, we exploited nearly 300 high-resolution COSMO-SkyMed StripMap HIMAGE scenes acquired between 2012 and 2019 to monitor the long-term subsidence process affecting Wuhan and to reveal its spatiotemporal variations. The results from the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric SAR (PSInSAR) processing highlight several clearly observable subsidence zones. Three of them (i.e., Houhu, Xinrong, and Guanggu) are affected by serious subsidence rates and non-linear temporal behavior, and are investigated in this paper in more detail. The subsidence in Houhu is caused by soft soil consolidation and compression. Soil mechanics are therefore used to estimate when the subsidence is expected to finish and to calculate the degree of consolidation for each year. The COSMO-SkyMed PSInSAR results indicate that the area has entered the late stage of consolidation and compression and is gradually stabilizing. The subsidence curve found for the area around Xinrong shows that the construction of an underground tract of the subway Line 21 caused large-scale settlement in this area. The temporal granularity of the PSInSAR time series also allows precise detection of a rebound phase following a major flooding event in 2016. In the southern industrial park of Guanggu, newly detected subsidence was found. The combination of the subsidence curve with an optical time-series image analysis indicates that urban construction is the main trigger of deformation in this area. While this study unveils previously unknown characters of land subsidence in Wuhan and clarifies the relationship with the urban causative factors, it also proves the benefits of non-linear PSInSAR in the analysis of the temporal evolution of such processes in dynamic and expanding cities.

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