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1
Liu, Yu, Zhao Zhang, Guangqiang Li, Yang Wu, Xijie Wang, and Baokuan Li. "Effect of SiO2 containing slag for electroslag remelting on inclusion modification of 42CrMo steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Five heats were carried out to study the effects of SiO2 containing slag for electroslag remelting (ESR) on inclusion characteristics of 42CrMo steel. Fluoride vaporization at elevated temperature from slags was also explored by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that fluoride vaporization is dominated by slag viscosity and component activities in the melt. Slag composition has an important effect on the composition of the oxide inclusion. For 70 wt% CaF2–30 wt% Al2O3 slag, the compositions of oxide inclusions in remelted steel show no obvious differences compared with the virgin steel. Whereas, SiO2 content in oxide inclusions of steel processed by slag bearing SiO2 show an increasing trend with increase of SiO2 content in 50 wt% CaF2–CaO–SiO2 slag, and the MgO · Al2O3 inclusions are modified to (Al,Ca,Mg,Si)O inclusions with low melting temperature. Al2O3 contents in oxide inclusions are also closely related to the Al2O3 concentration in the molten slag, which increase with the addition of Al2O3 in slag bearing SiO2. In testing various slags, the incorporation of slag T2 with 50 wt% CaF2–30 wt% CaO–20 wt% SiO2 shows the highest cleanliness in remelted steel. This implies that slag T2 can be a promising slag for ESR process of alloy steel requiring Al content refinement due to less fluoride vaporization from slag and better inclusions modification.
2
Pimenov, A. T., and V. S. Pribylov. "APPLICATION OF SLAG FILLERS IN THE ASPHALT CONCRETE COMPOSITION FOR INCREASING THE ROAD COATING’S DURABILITY." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 16, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 766–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2019-6-766-779.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The paper presents the research results of the metallurgical slag characteristics on the example of metallurgical waste of Novokuznetsk in the Kemerovo region. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the ways of metallurgical waste’s usage in the asphalt mixes’ composition for the road construction and shows design methods and features of the asphalt concrete on slag aggregates. The aim of the research is to substantiate the possibility of using steelmaking slags of the Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant as a mineral skeleton of asphalt concrete pavement to increase its operational reliability. Basing on the research of the physicomechanical properties of asphalt binder and testing of prototypes, the authors confirm the increased shear strength of asphalt concrete on slag aggregates and resistance to cracking in comparison with traditional mixtures. The issue under consideration is relevant by finding more efficient building materials in the context of the development of resource-saving technologies and increasing environmental requirements in the Russian regions.Materials and methods. The authors carried out investigations of metallurgical slag by determining their physical and mechanical characteristics in accordance with the existing regulatory and technical base using modern measuring instruments and testing equipment.Results. As a result, the authors selected compositions of slag asphalt concrete mixtures that satisfied the requirements of the existing regulatory and technical base across the entire spectrum of physical and mechanical parameters and operational characteristics.Discussion and conclusion. The use of metallurgical slags of the Novokuznetsk Metallurgical Plant as a filler for asphalt concrete increases its operational characteristics, especially those, which are important in conditions of intense traffic load and sharply continental climate and those, which reduce the cost of such mixtures compared to traditional ones due to the use of industrial waste in them. Therefore, the metallurgical slag seriously competes with natural building materials in the preparation and laying of asphalt mixtures for streets and roads of various categories.The authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Financial transparency: the authors have no financial interest in the presented materials or methods. There is no conflict of interest.
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Chakrawarthi, Vijayaprabha, Brindha Dharmar, Siva Avudaiappan, Mugahed Amran, Erick Saavedra Flores, Mohammad Ayaz Alam, Roman Fediuk, Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin, and Raizal S. M. Rashid. "Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing of the Performance of Copper Slag Fiber-Reinforced Concrete." Materials 15, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 4536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Concrete technology is adopted worldwide in construction due to its effectiveness, performance, and price benefits. Subsequently, it needs to be an eco-friendly, sustainable, and energy-efficient material. This is achieved by replacing or adding energy-efficient concrete materials from industries, such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, fly ash, bottom ash, rice husk ash, etc. Likewise, copper slag is a waste material produced as molten slag from the copper industry, which can be used in concrete production. Copper slag can perform roles similar to pozzolans in the hydration process. This paper extends the comparative study of copper slag concrete with polypropylene fiber (PPF) subjected to destructive and non-destructive testing. Under destructive testing, compressive strength of concrete cubes, compressive strength of mortar cubes, splitting tensile tests on cylindrical specimens, and flexural tests on plain cement concrete were conducted and analysed. Ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer tests were performed on the samples as per IS13311-Part 1-1992 for non-destructive testing. The 100% replacement of copper slag exhibited a very high workability of 105 mm, while the addition of 0.8% PPF decreased the flowability of the concrete. Hence, the workability of concrete decreases as the fiber content increases. The density of the concrete was found to be increased in the range of 5% to 10%. Furthermore, it was found that, for all volume fractions of fiber, there was no reduction in compressive strength of up to 80% of copper slag concrete compared to control concrete. The 40% copper slag concrete was the best mix proportion for increasing compressive strength. However, for cement mortar applications, 80% copper slag is recommended. The findings of non-destructive testing show that, except for 100% copper slag, all mixes were of good quality compared to other mixes. Linear relationships were developed to predict compressive strength from UPV and rebound hammer test values. This relationship shows better prediction among dependent and independent values. It is concluded that copper slag has a pozzolanic composition, and is compatible with PPF, resulting in good mechanical characteristics.
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Migas, P., and M. Korolczuk-Hejnak. "Semi-Solid State of Blast Furnace Slag Admixtures of AL2O3." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The nature and properties of liquid solutions - metallurgical slags (used in the pig iron and steel production) affect the quality of the final product and processing time. The main object of the study was slag system: CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3, when the content of Al2O3 was raised to ca. 25% in liquid and semi-liquid state. Measurements were performed using Searle’s method of concentric cylinder systems. Graphite measuring systems were used for testing with two types of bobs: smooth and perforated. Rheological measurements were carried out for five slag systems in the temperature range between 1310-1500°C, shear rate values were changed in the wide range between 1s-1 to 150/180s-1. FactSage application was used to calculate the mass of solid phases precipitating from the slag volume for different chemical compositions at various temperatures. In the temperature range in which the solid phases occurred in the slag the analysed systems show non-Newtonian behaviour.
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Li, Jiajie, Shaowei Zhao, Xiaoqian Song, Wen Ni, Shilong Mao, Huihui Du, Sitao Zhu, et al. "Carbonation Curing on Magnetically Separated Steel Slag for the Preparation of Artificial Reefs." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 2055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062055.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magnetic separation is an effective method to recover iron from steel slag. However, the ultra-fine tailings generated from steel slag become a new issue for utilization. The dry separation processes generates steel slag powder, which has hydration activity and can be used as cement filler. However, wet separation processes produce steel slag mud, which has lost its hydration activity and is no longer suitable to be used as a cement filler. This study investigates the potential of magnetically separated steel slag for carbonation curing and the potential use of the carbonated products as an artificial reef. Steel slag powder and steel slag mud were moulded, carbonation-cured and seawater-cured. Various testing methods were used to characterize the macro and micro properties of the materials. The results obtained show that carbonation and hydration collaborated during the carbonation curing process of steel slag powder, while only carbonation happened during the carbonation curing process of steel slag mud. The seawater-curing process of carbonated steel slag powder compact had three stages: C-S-H gel formation, C-S-H gel decomposition and equilibrium, which were in correspondence to the compressive strength of compact increasing, decreasing and unchanged. However, the seawater-curing process of carbonated steel slag mud compact suffered three stages: C-S-H gel decomposition, calcite transfer to vaterite and equilibrium, which made the compressive strength of compact decreased, increased and unchanged. Carbonated steel slags tailings after magnetic separation underwent their lowest compressive strength when seawater-cured for 7 days. The amount of CaO in the carbonation active minerals in the steel slag determined the carbonation consolidation ability of steel slag and durability of the carbonated steel slag compacts. This paper provides a reference for preparation of artificial reefs and marine coagulation materials by the carbonation curing of steel slag.
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Loncnar, Mojca, Ana Mladenovič, Vesna Zalar Serjun, Marija Zupančič, and Hans A. van der Sloot. "Leaching and Geochemical Modelling of an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and Ladle Slag Heap." Toxics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Old metallurgical dumps across Europe represent a loss of valuable land and a potential threat to the environment, especially to groundwater (GW). The Javornik electric arc furnace (EAF) and ladle slag heap, situated in Slovenia, was investigated in this study. The environmental impact of the slag heap was evaluated by combining leaching characterization tests of landfill samples and geochemical modelling. It was shown that throughout the landfill the same minerals and sorptive phases control the leaching of elements of potential concern, despite variations in chemical composition. Although carbonation of the disposed steel slags occurred (molar ratio CO3/(Ca+Mg) = 0.53) relative to fresh slag, it had a limited effect on the leaching behaviour of elements of potential concern. The leaching from the slag heaps had also a limited effect on the quality of the GW. A site-specific case, however, was that leachates from the slag heap were strongly diluted, since a rapid flow of GW fed from the nearby Sava River was observed in the landfill area. The sampling and testing approach applied provides a basis for assessing the long-term impact of release and is a good starting point for evaluating future management options, including beneficial uses for this type of slag.
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Lee, Wei-Hao, Ta-Wui Cheng, Kuan-Yu Lin, Kae-Long Lin, Chia-Cheng Wu, and Chih-Ta Tsai. "Geopolymer Technologies for Stabilization of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slags and Sustainable Application as Construction Materials." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The basic oxygen furnace slag is a major waste by-product generated from steel-producing plants. It possesses excellent characteristics and can be used as a natural aggregate. Chemically, the basic oxygen furnace slag encloses free CaO and free MgO, which is the main reason for the expansion crisis since these free oxides of alkaline earth metals react with water to form their hydroxide yields. The objective of the present research study is to stabilize the basic oxygen furnace slag by using innovative geopolymer technology, as their matrix contains a vast quantity of free silicon, which can react with free CaO and free MgO to form stable silicate compounds resulting in the prevention of the basic oxygen furnace slag expansion predicament. Lab-scale and ready-mixed plant pilot-scale experimental findings revealed that the compressive strength of fine basic oxygen furnace slag-based geopolymer mortar can achieve a compressive strength of 30–40 MPa after 28 days, and increased compressive strength, as well as the expansion, can be controlled less than 0.5% after ASTM C151 autoclave testing. Several pilot-scale cubic meters basic oxygen furnace slag-based geopolymer concrete blocks were developed in a ready-mixed plant. The compressive strength and autoclave expansion test results demonstrated that geopolymer technology does not merely stabilize the basic oxygen furnace slag production issue totally, but also turns the slags into value-added products.
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Topolář, Libor, Peter Rypák, Kristýna Šamárková, and Pavel Rovnaník. "Non-Destructive Testing during the Hardening of Alkali-Activated Slag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 732 (February 2015): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.732.329.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Non-destructive acoustic analysis methods, Impact-echo method as a traditional and the Acoustic Emission method as nontraditional method for civil engineering, were used for experiment. This paper reports the experiment during hardening and drying of specimens of alkali activated slag mortars. Alkali activated slag is a material having a great potential to be used in practice. The main drawback of this material is a high level of autogenous and especially drying shrinkage, which causes a deterioration of the mechanical properties. The aim of this paper is introduce the effect of method used and time curing on the microstructure of alkali activated slag mortars. An understanding of microstructure–performance relationships is the key to true understanding of material behaviours.
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Lun, Yun Xia, Shao Shun Liu, Ming Kai Zhou, and Xiao Fan Liu. "Analysis of Testing Methods for Volume Stability Evaluation of Steel Slag Sand." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1134.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many testing methods are used to evaluate the volume stability of steel slag sand, but none of them can legalized widely, which hinders its extensive use. Three typical methods-chemical analysis method, steam powdering ratio and mortar bar linear expansion rate under hot-water curing condition are compared in this investigation. The results showed that though chemical analysis method could rapidly judge the volume stability, the content of free CaO and MgO wasn’t precise because of the interference of calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide in aging steel slag sand; the maximum powdering ratio reflected the uneven distribution of expansion components ; mortar bar expansion rate visually presented the volume stability of steel slag sand when used in mortar or concrete. So it was a synthetic application in order to decide the volume stability of steel slag sand.
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Chen, Sanshan, Feng Chen, and Shenghao Tong. "Influence of Ferronickel Slag on Impermeability of Seawater-Corroded Cement Soil Using an Electrochemical Test." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (February 2, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4964166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the traditional penetration testing of cement soil is time-consuming, this paper introduces a new electrochemical testing method to study the effect of ferronickel slag powder on improving the impermeability of cement soil in the corrosive seawater environment. To this end, the mercury intrusion test was employed to analyze the change in the pore characteristics of cement soil, and the variation in the impermeability of cement soil was further explained from a microscopic point of view. The test results show that using the electrochemical method to test the impermeability of cement soil dramatically improves the efficiency of testing. The impermeability of cement soil gradually rises with an increase in its ferronickel slag powder content. Moreover, the optimal mass replacement ratio of the ferronickel slag powder and mineral powder composite to cement is 40% in the testing range of 0–40%. The mercury intrusion test results also confirm that the addition of ferronickel slag powder can decrease the most probable pore size and total porosity of cement soil; further, from a microscopic perspective, the ferronickel slag powder can help reduce the corrosion of cement soil by seawater. The above test conclusions are consistent with the results of the traditional permeability test. Our findings not only imply that ferronickel slag powder can lessen the effect of seawater on the corrosion of cement soil but prove that the electrochemical test is a reliable and straightforward method for determining the impermeability of cement soil.
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Díaz-Piloneta, Marina, Marta Terrados-Cristos, Jose Valeriano Álvarez-Cabal, and Eliseo Vergara-González. "Comprehensive Analysis of Steel Slag as Aggregate for Road Construction: Experimental Testing and Environmental Impact Assessment." Materials 14, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 3587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Blast Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag represents one of the largest waste fractions from steelmaking. Therefore, slag valorisation technologies are of high importance regarding the use of slag as a secondary resource, both in the steel sector and in other sectors, such as the construction or cement industries. The main issue regarding the use of BOF slag is its volumetric instability in the presence of water; this hampers its use in sectors and requires a stabilisation pre-treatment. These treatments are also cost-inefficient and cause other environmental issues. This paper analyses the use of untreated BOF slag from a technical and environmental point of view, suggesting it as an alternative to natural aggregates in road surface layers and asphalt pavements. A comprehensive analysis of the requirements to be met by raw materials used in asphalt mixes was performed, and a pilot test was carried out with two different mixtures: one mix with limestone as coarse aggregate and another with 15% BOF slag. Furthermore, the global warming impacts derived from each mix with different aggregates were measured by Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), and a transport sensitivity analysis was also performed. The results show how the utilization of BOF slag as coarse aggregate in road construction improves the technical performance of asphalt mixtures (Marshall Quotient 4.9 vs. 6.6). Moreover, the introduction of BOF slag into the asphalt mix as a coarse aggregate, instead of limestone, causes a carbon emissions reduction rate of more than 14%.
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M. A, Hafez,, Sidek, H.N, Moustafa Z. Ibrahim, and Almkahal, Z. "LIGHTWEIGHT SLAG, PFA COLUMN A NEW SOFT GROUND IMPROVEMENT METHOD." Engineering Heritage Journal 4, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 04–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gwk.01.2020.04.07.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study investigates how to reduce the demand on in non-renewable granite source, by replacing granite aggregate with boiler slag in the stone column. It is a fact that boiler slag is a power station waste material which causes too many environmental problems. By introducing it as a ground improvement technique, we can reduce the bulging and shear failure problems encountered on stone columns application by adding more improvement to the stone column mixture. For more enhancements to the mixture, pulverized fly ash (PFA) of Class F is added. By increasing the amount of PFA, the resistance of the stone column in term of shear and bearing capacity are increased as the PFA pozzolanic reaction begins to produce more strength during the increasing time of the curing period. Both samples of the boiler slag and PFA are taken from Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Power Station, Klang, Selangor. The materials mixed are sand, cement and water to make boiler slag aggregates -PFA (slag) mixture. This study aims to define the slag concrete performance according to the optimum configuration of the materials used in the mixture. Unconfined Compression Test (UCT) is applied to define the ideal ratio of boiler slag between 60% to 30% ratios from the total weight which applied with 2% ratio of cement from the total weight. The results of the study show that the number of boiler slags, the period of curing, and the method of curing are the most important factors in defining the slag stone column performance. Testing the samples in ordinary circumstances to entire areas can be accomplished by determining the soil properties and meeting them. The best result gained was the 40% ratio of boiler slag in a curing method that preserved the mixture moisture and temperature, which led to the optimum strength of the slag stone column.
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Lindh, Per, and Polina Lemenkova. "Resonant Frequency Ultrasonic P-Waves for Evaluating Uniaxial Compressive Strength of the Stabilized Slag–Cement Sediments." Nordic Concrete Research 65, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2021-0012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Marine sediments can be stabilized by ultra high-strength binders: cement, Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) and slag. The properties of the stabilized soil indicate potential to their reuse. This study investigated the performance of the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) in the marine sediments stabilized by binder (cement, CKD, slag), tested by ultrasonic P-waves. Materials include 194 specimens collected from the port of Gothenborg. The experiment was performed in Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI). The UCS of specimens stabilized by different ratio of binders (cement, CKD, slag) was tested by resonance frequencies of the elastic P-waves. The significant increase in the UCS (>1500 kPa) was recorded for the highest values of CKD and cement, and low values of slag. The correlation profiles of low water/high binder (LW/HB) cement/slag (40/60%) were controlled by curing time. The slag–cement–CKD simplex tests demonstrated UCS of samples with low/high water content and various binder ratio of cement (kg/m3). The ratio of cement binder and curing time play a critical role in the increase of UCS followed by mechanical properties of specimens and intensity of stress. The highest values exceed 1000 m/s in P-waves. The results shown high accuracy (97%) and non-contacting approach for testing UCS of sediments. Seismic methods can be applied to test the UCS of the stabilized sediments, and also in-situ via seismic CPT, surface testing or cross hole seismic testing.
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Shi, Yan, Hai Yan Chen, and Jia Wang. "Effects of Ultrafine Grinded Steel Slag Addition on Properties of Cement." Materials Science Forum 804 (October 2014): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.804.67.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The steel slag was ultrafine grinded to different particle size, the chemical composition and mineral composition of steel slag were analyzed. The effects of amount of steel slag addition and particle size on the cement gelling properties were studied. The results showed that, with the decrease of the particle size of steel slag, both of the water requirement of normal consistency and the setting time which meet the standard requirement of cement was increased. The stability of cement mixed with ultrafine grinded steel slag were all qualified after testing. The strength of cement mortar was decreased with the increase of ultrafine grinded steel slag. When the content of steel slag powder was above 30wt%, the strength of cement mortar was decreased significantly.
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Deng, Jun Ping, Xiao Liang Wang, and Yi Ping Guo. "Research on the Hydration Mechanism of Portland Cement with Magnesium Slag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 576 (June 2014): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.576.57.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Magnesium slag is a kind of industrial waste during the silicothermic process for magnesium reduction which has potential hydration activity. By adding 20% to 50% of magnesium slag into Portland cement, the influence principle of the additive amount of magnesium slag on the pozzolanic activity is investigated through performance testing and hydration products analysis. During the early period of hydration process, the strength of pozzolanic effectiveness ratio weakens with the increasing additive amount of magnesium slag, while during the later period of hydration process with the additive amount of magnesium slag less than 40%, the strength of pozzolanic effectiveness ratio increases with increasing additive amount of magnesium slag. The activity index of magnesium slag increases with the increase of period and additive amount, and the strength brought by hydration of magnesium slag is a key source of the strength improvement of Portland cement with magnesium slag.
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Teixeira, Jamilla Emi Sudo Lutif, Aecio Guilherme Schumacher, Patrício Moreira Pires, Verônica Teixeira Franco Castelo Branco, and Henrique Barbosa Martins. "Expansion Level of Steel Slag Aggregate Effects on Both Material Properties and Asphalt Mixture Performance." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 3 (March 2019): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119835513.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The influence of steel slag expansion level on the early stage performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) is evaluated. Initially, samples of Linz-Donawitz type steel slag with different levels of expansion (6.71%, 3.16%, 1.33%) were submitted to physical, mechanical, and morphological characterization to assess the effects of expansion on individual material properties. Steel slag was then used as aggregate in HMA to verify the effects of its expansion characteristics on the volumetric and mechanical performance of the asphalt mixture. Four different asphalt mixtures were designed based on Marshall mix design, using asphalt cement (pen. grade 50/70), natural aggregate (granite), and steel slag (in three different levels of expansion). The mechanical characteristics of the asphalt mixture were evaluated based on results from Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, and resilient modulus testing. A modified Pennsylvania testing method (PTM) was also performed on the studied asphalt mixtures to verify the potential of asphalt binder film to minimize the expansive reactions of steel slag. It was observed that the level of steel slag expansion changes some of the material’s individual properties, which can affect the volumetric parameters of the mix design. The use of steel slag as aggregate in HMA also improves the mechanical properties of non-aged asphalt mixtures. Moreover, the expansive characteristics of this material could be minimized when combined with other asphalt mixture components.
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Goncharova, Margarita A., Irina A. Tkacheva, and Maxim G. Zagorulko. "The Identification of the Mineralogical Composition of Converter Slags on the Basis of Testing and Diagnostics." Materials Science Forum 989 (May 2020): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.989.248.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper describes a methodological system of testing and diagnosing technogenic waste to create new construction composites. The converter slag structure is shown both in the form of lump materials and on the nanoscale. The results of determining the mineralogical composition of converter slags are also presented. Petrographic research of slags and their X-ray diffraction analysis are conducted with the results shown. Special attention is paid to the atomic force microscopy method. It shows that the composing minerals have unique features of the surface topography with the indication of averaged statistical data of characteristics. In further research, this experience can significantly ease the task of determining the bi-calcium silicate in the structure of other types of metallurgical slags. The information about the morphological features of the structure of various minerals will help to use this method as independent in determining the mineralogical composition of the observed materials.
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Hruby, P., V. Bilek, L. Topolar, L. Kalina, V. Iliushchenko, J. Koplik, J. Masilko, and F. Soukal. "Resistance of alkali-activated blast furnace slag to acids." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2341, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2341/1/012002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, the resistance of alkali-activated blast furnace slag to degradation processes caused by the action of various acids was studied. The ground granulated blast furnace slag was alkali-activated using sodium hydroxide in 6% Na2O dosage by the slag weight and subjected to testing of acid resistance in both organic and inorganic acidic solutions (pH ≈ 3) for 84 days. Citric, acetic, hydrochloric, and sulphuric acids were used for these purposes. The reference samples were stored in water. The progress of degradation was studied using the phenolphthalein technique, compressive strength testing, and weight measurements. Moreover, the SEM-EDX was used for the characterization of the degradation processes and microstructure changes. The degradation of alkali-activated blast furnace slag occurred in both organic and inorganic acids; however, the action of organic acids appears to be much more deteriorating. The decrease in compressive strength of about 50% and 60% was observed for acetic and citric acid, while only of 32% and 23% in sulphuric and hydrochloric, respectively.
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Tran, Huu-Bang. "Mechanical Properties of Coarse Aggregate Electric Arc Furnace Slag in Cement Concrete." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 1716–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091755.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The feasibility of using EAF slag aggregate, fly ash, and silica fume in pavement Electric Arc Furnace Slag Concrete (CEAFS) is the focus of this research. EAF slag aggregate is volume stable and suitable for use in concrete, according to the findings of the testing. EAF slag was utilized to replace natural coarse aggregates in the CEAFS mixes. CEAFS was created by blending 50% crushed stone with 50% EAF slag in coarse aggregates, with fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) partially replacing cement at content levels (i.e. FA: 0, 20, 30, and 40%; SF: 0, 5, and 10%). The soil compaction approach was used to evaluate the optimal moisture level for CEAFS mixes containing EAF slag aggregate fly ash and silica fume. A testing program was used to investigate the weight of CEAFS units and their mechanical qualities (compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus). As a result, the fresh and hardened unit weights in the CEAFS are comparable. Moreover, variations in the concentration of mineral additives FA and SF in adhesives, as well as the CEAFS mixed aggregate ratio, have an impact on compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus at all ages. However, combining EAF slag aggregate with (FA0% +SF10%; FA10% +SF0%; FA10% +SF10%; and FA20% +SF10%) the CEAFS mixtures have improved mechanical characteristics over time. According to this study, CEAFS pavements can be made with EAF slag aggregate fly ash and silica fume. In addition, a formula correlation was suggested to compute CEAFS (i.e. compressive strength with elastic modulus and compressive strength with flexural strength). Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091755 Full Text: PDF
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Mihajlović, Aleksandar, Željko Kamberović, Marija Korać, Milorad Gavrilovski, and Nikola Jovanović. "The effect of primary copper slag cooling rate on the copper valorization in the flotation process." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Technological procedure of slow cooling slag from primary copper production is applied in the purpose of copper recovery in the level of 98.5% to blister. This technological procedure is divided into two phases, first slow cooling of slag on the air for 24 hours, and then accelerated cooling with water for 48 hours. Within the research following methods were used: calculation of nonstationary slag cooling, verification of the calculation using computer simulation of slag cooling in the software package COMSOL Multiphysics and experimental verification of simulation results. After testing of the experimentally gained samples of slowly cooled slag it was found that this technological procedure gives the best results in promoting growth or coagulation of dispersed particles of copper sulfide and copper in the slag, thereby increasing the utilization of the flotation process with a decrease of copper losses through very fine particles.
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Özkan, Ömer, and Mehmet Sarıbıyık. "ALKALI SILICA REACTION OF BOF AND BFS WASTES COMBINATION IN CEMENT." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 19, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2012.734854.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study reports the results of an experimental study conducted to determine composite cements manufactured with the combination of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) Slag and Blast Furnace Slag (BFS). The overall objective of this work is to determine whether a combination of BOF slag and BFS can be used as a cementations material to produce Composite Portland Cement (CPC). Three groups of cement are produced for testing. The first group contains BOF slag, the second group contains BFS and the last group contains the mixture of BOF slag and BFS together. Physical properties and Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) of these groups are also evaluated in this study. Maximum ASR expansion is observed from the sample of CPC created with BOF slag. On the other hand minimum ASR expansion value is located in the sample of CPC created with BFS only.
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Setiawati, Dewi, Bambang Jatmika, and Muhammad Rizal Aditya. "Pengaruh Limbah Logam Pada Kuat Tekan Beton." Jurnal TESLINK : Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/teslink.v2i1.47.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to determine the effects of nickel slag in the concrete mixture and on its compressive strength value. In this study, cylindrical specimen having 15cm diameter and 30cm height is used. We have used nickel slag as substitute of coarse aggregate in weight ratio of 25%, 50% & 100% respectively of coarse aggregate in sample. The ratio of concrete mixture used in this study is comprised of ratio 1:2:3 of cement, sand & gravel respectively. Compressive strength was used as a parameter for testing the samples in this study.
Test was performed using compression Testing machine, from the test results, the mean value of the average compressive strength of cylindrical concrete at the age of 3 days with a 25% variant nickel slag is 134.02 kg / cm2, 50% variant nickel slag is 165.76 kg / cm2, and 70% variant nickel slag is 148.92 kg / cm2, at age 7 days for the 25% is 219.61 kg / cm2, the 50% variant is 191.27 kg / cm2, and the 70% is 181.57 kg / cm2, while at the age of 28 days the 25% is 275.09 kg / cm2, the 50% iis equal to 296.28 kg / cm2, and the 70% is 225.37kg / cm2
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Liu, Zhi Yong, Yun Sheng Zhang, Guo Wen Sun, Qian Jiang, and Wei Wei Zhu. "Ultrasound In Situ Testing of early Hydration Process of Supplementary Cementitious Pastes." Key Engineering Materials 477 (April 2011): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.477.132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The early hydration process was investigated using ultrasonic monitoring apparatus for pastes made with various mineral admixtures: silica fume (4%, 13%), slag (10%, 30%, 50%, 70%), and fly ash (10%, 30%, 50%). The influence of water to binder ratio (0.23, 0.35 and 0.53) was also studied. The results show that the hydration rate of cementitious material is obviously accelerated with decreasing in water to cement ratio and Silica fume addition, while the reverse phenomenon is observed when fly ash and slag are incorporated.
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Liu, Huan Qiang, Yu Ping Tong, Jin Liang Jin, Zhen Wang, Kai Qin, Yan Wang, and Yi Xing Zhu. "Testing Study of FA-ASP Binder Mortar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
By using high-volume fly ash (FA), aluminum slag superfine powder (ASP) as raw materials to synthesize FA-ASP binder, this paper developed M10 masonry mortar. Comparing with the cement mortar and FA mortar, the FA-ASP mortar has not only good construction performance and mechanical performance, but also reduces the production cost obviously, which is a broad development prospect of green new building mortar.
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Liu, Yanqing, and Zhichun Wang. "Research on eddy current testing method of mould molten steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2264, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2264/1/012027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A double eddy current sensor is proposed to measure the liquid level of molten steel in mold and the liquid level of protective slag molten pool. The finite element models of the sensor and the measured object are established by using the finite element COMSOL simulation software. According to the different conductivity of each material in the mold, the measured object is set with the composition layer structure, and the liquid level of molten steel and the liquid level of protective slag molten pool are obtained by using double eddy current sensor and double frequency measurement. The factors affecting the measured value are analyzed and the structure of the sensor is optimized to detect the liquid steel in a large distance within 50-160mm, and the liquid level of molten pool in the mold is measured by high-frequency coil.
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Wu, Hao Ze, Jun Chang, Zheng Zhao Pan, and Xin Cheng. "Effects of Carbonation on Steel Slag Products." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.485.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of carbonation on structure and properties of steel slag specimens are evaluated by some different testing technologys in this paper. The experimental results of strength and soundness show that the compressive strength of samples is improved 6-8 times due to carbonation, and carbonated specimens have qualified autoclave soundness. Also the carbonation reactions of steel slag and the reason that why strength and soundness improved are analyzed by chemical titration, XRD, TG, SEM and MIP etc. Experimental results indicate that in steel slag specimens, f-CaO, f-MgO, partial C2S and C3S minerals could be carbonated, and 105～110 gram CO2 gas could be sequestrated after carbonating per kilogram of steel slag specimens.
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Zeghichi, L., B. Mezghiche, and R. Chebili. "Study of the effect of alkalis on the slag cement systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The replacement of natural materials by industrial by-products has given a variety of new construction materials that are economically viable and ecologically beneficial. Blast furnace slag is one of these industrial by-products. Its beneficial proprieties and characteristics have led to rapid growth of production in Algeria and worldwide. This research deals with the effect of alkaline activation of slag cement with clinker. Various agents that activate the process were used for testing, and it showed that compressive strength at 28 d, which reached 150% with respect to compressive strength obtained from slag cement at different percentages of slag (50%–80%), increased considerably. Alkaline activators accelerate hydration and stimulate the hardening process. The results also show the efficacy of steam cured treatment on the compressive strength.Key words: slag cement, activation agent, hydration, hardening, steam curing.
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Mikhailova, Olesia, Hana Šimonová, Libor Topolář, and Pavel Rovnaník. "Influence of Polymer Additives on Mechanical Fracture Properties and on Shrinkage of Alkali Activated Slag Mortars." Key Engineering Materials 761 (January 2018): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.761.39.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Alkali-activated slags represent an alternative to ordinary Portland cement due to reducing the environmental impact of the building industry. In spite of the numerous advantages of alkali activated slag mortars, alkali-activated aluminosilicates have big disadvantage – high value of shrinkage followed by formation of microcracks. This effect is caused by both autogenous and drying shrinkage and it finally results in volume contraction, microcracking and deterioration of the mechanical fracture properties. Therefore, using various types of polymer admixtures can overcome these problems. The aim of this paper is to present the effect of shrinkage-reducing admixture Peramin® SRA 40, polymer polyethylene glycol 1000 and polypropylene glycol on shrinkage and mechanical fracture characteristics of alkali-activated slag mortars. These admixtures were used in amount 0–2.0% weight of slag. The results showed that with increasing content of admixtures compressive and flexural strength decreased. Fracture tests with acoustic emission activity during this testing were carried out. Addition of 2% Peramin® SRA decreased shrinkage by 55%, but with 1% of Peramin® SRA the shrinkage was reduced only by 10%. Specimen with 1% of Peramin® is the most durable material, but more brittle compared to specimens with 1 and 2% of polypropylene glycol.
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-, Hijriah, and Nur Hadijah Yunianti. "KARAKTERISTIK MEKANIS BETON YANG MENGGUNAKAN IRON SLAG SEBAGAI AGREGAT HALUS." Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem 20, no. 3 (December 4, 2020): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35965/eco.v20i3.240.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The demand for environmentally friendly concrete mixtures is currently increasing due to an increase in global temperatures. Therefore, innovation is needed in the world of Civil Engineering to produce structures that can reduce global warming. One alternative that can be taken is by utilizing materials from environmentally friendly products such as Iron Slag. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the aggregate and to analyze the strength of the concrete mixture using Iron Slag as a substitute for fine aggregate. This research is an experimental study which was conducted in the Laboratory of Concrete and Structural Materials, Bosowa University. Variations in the test object were the levels of addition of Iron Slag with levels of 0%, 25% and 50%. The test object will be observed at the age of 28 days, where the number of test objects is 29 pieces. The tests carried out include testing the characteristics of the materials used, both coarse and fine aggregates, as well as testing the compressive strength of the concrete. Based on the results of the research analysis, it was concluded that Iron Slag waste met the criteria as fine aggregate for concrete mixtures.
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Šavija, Branko, Hongzhi Zhang, and Erik Schlangen. "Micromechanical testing and modelling of blast furnace slag cement pastes." Construction and Building Materials 239 (April 2020): 117841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117841.
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Tang, Yu. "Effect of Slag Composition on Total Oxygen of High Speed Wheel Steel." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to improve fatigue life of wheel steel, secondary-refining process is done with Al-deoxidation and slag of high basicity, high Al2O3 content and low oxidizing property. By slag-steel-inclusion interaction, harmful inclusions could be controlled well to be eliminated by floation, lowering T[O] content to 0.0007% in round billets, enhancing fatigue life of wheel steel. It is found that (Al2O3) in slag is positive factor for decrease of T[O], while (CaO)/(Al2O3), (SiO2) in slag and [Al]s in molten steel is negative factor for it. As a result, by INSTRON fatigue testing machine, tested steel samples achieve ultra-high cycle of 108 above, realizing experimental purpose of improving fatigue life of wheel steel.
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Teo, Pao Ter, Siti Koriah Zakaria, Siti Zuliana Salleh, Mustaffa Ali Azhar Taib, Nurulakmal Mohd Sharif, Anasyida Abu Seman, Julie Juliewatty Mohamed, et al. "Assessment of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Steel Slag Waste’s Recycling Options into Value Added Green Products: A Review." Metals 10, no. 10 (October 9, 2020): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10101347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Steel slag is one of the most common waste products from the steelmaking industry. Conventional methods of slag disposal can cause negative impacts on humans and the environment. In this paper, the process of steel and steel slag production, physical and chemical properties, and potential options of slag recycling were reviewed. Since steel is mainly produced through an electric arc furnace (EAF) in Malaysia, most of the recycling options reviewed in this paper focused on EAF slag and the strengths and weaknesses of each recycle option were outlined. Based on the reports from previous studies, it was found that only a portion of EAF slag is recycled into more straightforward, but lower added value applications such as aggregates for the construction industry and filter/absorber for wastewater treatments. On the other hand, higher added value recycling options for EAF slag that are more complicated such as incorporated as raw material for Portland cement and ceramic building materials remain at the laboratory testing stage. The main hurdle preventing EAF slag from being incorporated as a raw material for higher added value industrial applications is its inconsistent chemical composition. The chemical composition of EAF slag can vary based on the scrap metal used for steel production. For this, mineral separation techniques can be introduced to classify the EAF slag base on its physical and chemical compositions. We concluded that future research on recycling EAF slag should focus on separation techniques that diversify the recycling options for EAF slag, thereby increasing the waste product’s recycling rate.
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Shi, Dong Sheng, Ping Han, Zheng Ma, and Jing Bo Wang. "Report of Experimented on Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Fine Aggregate." Advanced Materials Research 575 (October 2012): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.575.100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, the experiment about compressive strength of concrete using granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate was introduced. In this experiment, granulated blast furnace slag fine aggregates that were produced by two different steel factory and natural river sands that came from two different producing area were been used, and compressive strength of concrete for testing were four levels from ordinary strength level to high strength level. As results, the compressive strength of concrete that used granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate increase with increasing of concrete age as good as the concrete used nature river sand. At the early age of 3 days and 7days, whether water-cement ratio, the compressive strength of concrete using slag fine aggregate is always lower than concrete using river sand. At the long age of 91 days, the compressive strength of concrete using slag fine aggregate exceed the concrete using river sand when water-cement ratio was greater than 30%. The compressive strength of concrete using granulated blast furnace slag as fine aggregate can exceed 80N/mm2, the granulated blast furnace slag can be used in high-strength concrete.
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Gong, Xiang Jun, Feng Jia, Rong Liu, Fei Ye, Hao Guan, Rui Wang, and Gang Guo. "Study on Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Photocatalyst Made from Ti-Bearing Blast Furnace Slag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 526 (February 2014): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.526.33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag as raw materials, hydrochloric acid as treatment agents to prepare slag containing titanium catalysts. Slag containing titanium catalyst are characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, UV-Vis/NIR and some other testing methods, and the results show that its main structure is mineral perovskite phase and it also has a strong absorption capacity in the UV region. With methyl orange solution as the target degradation, influence of the calcination temperature, catalyst dosage, initial concentration and pH of the solution on the photocatalytic effect of containing titanium slag catalyst are tested. The results show that when the heat treatment temperature is 400°C, catalyst dosage is 10mg and initial concentration is 10mg·L-1; when pH is 3, the photocatalytic effect is the best, the efficiency of which reaches 95%.
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Xing, Hai Yan, Li Hong Zhang, Cheng Xu, and Xin Yu Chen. "Welded Joint Nonpenetration and Slag Inclusion Evaluation Based on MMM Signal Characteristic." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 3355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.3355.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The metal magnetic memory (MMM) technology, a new nondestructive testing (NDT), has potentials of quantitative evaluation on welded joint defects. This paper investigates MMM signal quantitative characteristic of welded joint defects. Steel Q235 welded joint specimens, prefabricated with nonpenetration and slag inclusion, have been scanned by MMM testing instrument at 0kN, 150kN and 230kN tension loads on tensile machinery. For the nonpenetration specimens, MMM peak amplitude ΔHp and the peak width D adds with the increasing of tensile load, but gradient K varies a little. As for the slag inclusion specimens, the ΔHp and K enhances along with tensile load increasing, but the D varies a little. The X-ray testing results at 0kN, 150kN and 230kN tension loads show the validity of MMM signal characteristic. This means the feasibility of the weld qualitative and quantitative evaluation based on MMM method.
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Biernat, S., A. W. Bydałek, W. Wołczyński, and M. Holtzer. "Method and Apparatus for Assessing the Properties of Slags." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0082.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA special Slag-Prop Cu database has been developed to archive data from laboratory and industrial tests related to post-reduction slags. In order to enrich the data areas, it was decided to design a system for measuring the temperature of the liquid slag and its viscosity. Objectives of research work are to gather information on the properties of post-slags such as the temperature of liquid slag and its viscosity. The discussed issues are especially important in the foundry practice. Designed research stand and using of database applications can greatly facilitate the work of metallurgists, foundrymen, technologists and scientists. The viscosity measurement was developed and presented earlier. The author’s analytical methodology was supplemented by a thyristor measuring system (described in the article). The system temperature measurement can be performed simultaneously in 3 ways to reduce the measurement error. Measurement of the voltage mV - using the Seebeck effect can be measured throughout the entire range of thermocouple resistance, up to 1300 °C. Direct temperature measurement °C - measurement only below 1000 °C. Additional measurement - the measurement can also be read from the pyrometer set above the bath. The temperature and the reading frequency depend on the device itself. The principle of measurement is that in a molten metal / slag crucible, we put a N-type thermocouple. The thermocouples are hung by means of a tripod above the crucible and placed in a crucible. The thermocouple is connected to a compensating line dedicated to this type of thermocouple. The cable is in turn connected to a special multimeter that has the ability to connect to a computer and upload results. Temperature measurement can be performed simultaneously in 3 ways to reduce the measurement error. The Sn-Pb alloy has been subjected to testing for proper operation of the device. In this foot should be observed the supercooling of the liquid, which initiates the crystallization process and in which latent heat begins to exude raising the temperature until the coagulation temperature is reached.
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Tursunova, Gulsanam Ruzimurodovna, and Farrukh Bakhtiyarovich Atabaev. "Definition Of Puzzolanic Properties Active Mineral Additives In Portlandcement." American Journal of Applied Sciences 03, no. 03 (March 25, 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume03issue03-02.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the results of testing the use of Angren dry remote active ash and slag in Portland cement as an active mineral additive. It was found that Portland cement with the addition of Angren dry remote active ash and slag renders karrazastoy, ekanomet clinker and it is proved that hydro removed ash and slag (2011 year) does not recommend as an active mineral additive. Therefore, dry remote active ash and slag is recommended for use as an active mineral additive in the production of cement, improving its construction and technical properties. The possibility of using Angren dry remote active ash and slag as an active mineral component for producing cements with low corrosion resistance is shown. Angren dry remote active ash and slag contributes to the formation of the structure of the cement stone, increases its density and strength against aggressive ions, causing increased resistance in aggressive environments. And save up to 30% of cement. It has been established that Portland cement with the addition of Angren dry remote active ash and slag has an intensifying effect on the formation of clinker minerals. Therefore, the Angren dry remote active ash and slag is recommended for use as a mineralizing additive in the production of cement. Use of chemical industry waste with replacement of expensive natural production and consumption waste. At the same time, an environmental problem is being addressed.
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Soloviova, Valentina Y., Antonina S. Sakharova, and Egor G. Eremeev. "Innovative methods for preparing the base of transport highways of the use of technogenic formations of metallurgical production." Modern Transportation Systems and Technologies 8, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20228228-42.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: In order to effectively reinforcement problem soils based on clay or fine powdery sand, it is necessary to pre-stabilize them, for example, using granulated blast-furnace slag.
Aim: the use of multi-tonnage slags of various nature for highly efficient preparation of bases in the construction of road surfaces.
Methods: soils of natural and technogenic origin were considered as the main object of research: clays, sands, asphalt granulate. Physical and mechanical studies of soils of natural origin were carried out in accordance with GOST 5180-2015 Soils. Methods for laboratory determination of physical characteristics, the filtration coefficient was determined according to GOST 25584-2016 Soils. Methods for laboratory determination of the filtration coefficient. The physical and mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete were determined according to GOST 12801-98 Materials based on organic binders for road and airfield construction. Test Methods. The component composition of the out-of-furnace slag was determined using X-ray phase analysis. Testing of hardened samples was carried out in a water-saturated state according to GOST 10180-20125 Concrete. Methods for determining the strength of control samples. The determination of the water absorption value by the mass of the reinforced soil was carried out according to GOST 12730.3-78 Concrete. Methods for determining water absorption.
Results: reinforcement of pre-prepared soils of any nature is effectively carried out using a reduced consumption of cement in combination with the Nanoaktiv-M complex chemical additive and finely ground blast-furnace slag.
Conclusion: the complex use of various types of metallurgical slags in soil reinforcement provides an effective solution to the technological, economic and environmental problems of our time.
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Yang, Xiaobing, Bolin Xiao, and Qian Gao. "Validating the Use of Slag Binder with 91 Percent Blast Furnace Slag for Mine Backfilling." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (September 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2525831.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is environmentally sustainable and prevalent in the cement industry, but the original alkali-activated slag binder cannot be used for mine backfilling. Few reports have studied slag binders with high slag proportions (>90%) and low-cost activators (solid waste is used) that have higher performance than cement for backfilling. To increase the utilization of slag in the mining industry, this work presents a new slag binder (SB) comprised of 91% slag powder and 9% activator (3% clinker, 5% desulfurized gypsum, and 1% mirabilite). Its performance was evaluated by testing its strength, yield stress, and viscosity, which are three key properties for backfilling. We also investigated its microstructure using SEM, XRD and thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG). The results showed that the SB composites have a slightly lower early-age (<3 d) strength but a higher long-term strength (>28 d). Although the SB backfilling composites had a twofold higher yield stress and nearly the same viscosity as Portland cement, the pressure drop in a pipe was only slightly higher through friction factor modeling. The proposed SB may provide a sustainable binder for the mining industry with better performance and lower cost.
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Сарсенбаев, Н., N. Sarsenbaev, А. Аласханов, A. Alashanov, А. Айменов, A. Aymenov, Б. Сарсенбаев, et al. "INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES OF BARIUM-CARBONATE TAILING WASTES ON THE PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITIONAL BINDERS AND CONCRETES." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 4, no. 4 (April 25, 2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/article_5cb1e6606f9c29.67138287.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents the outcomes of analysis and synthesis of Russian and Kazakh researches on the issue of the use of industrial waste industry for the production of composite slag base binders and concretes. Utilization, liquidation of industrial wastes and their use in the production of composite alkali-activated slag are the issues of global and national importance. Therefore, industrial and developed countries pay great attention to this issue. The influence of the production wastes of the enrichment of polymetallic ores – carbonate-barium tailings on the performance properties (strength, water absorption, density, etc.) of composite alkali-activated slag and concretes is studied. The ways of introducing modifying additives “waste of carbonate-barium tailings” into the composition of alkali-activated slag and concretes are investigated. The optimal amount of introduction the waste of carbonate-barium tailings into the composition of alkali-activated slag of modifying additives is determined. It is 10% of the binder mass and an indicator of effectiveness in influencing the activity of concrete, depending on the type of alkaline component and the hardening conditions. The methods of testing the experimental work to determine the operational properties of alkali-activated slag and concretes based on them are presented.
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Patrick, Juan, Agus Budi Prasetyo, Badrul Munir, Ahmad Maksum, and Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono. "The effect of addition of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) to nickel slag pyrometallurgical process with temperature and additives ratio as variables." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 03053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186703053.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nickel industry is one of the most strategic industries because its widely used. Nickel slag as a by-product of nickel processing presents the potential for improving process efficiency. In this study aim to determine the effect of the addition of sodium sulfate additives and also the temperature in the reduction process of nickel slag. The research was preceded by preparation of nickel slag samples with crushing and sieving up to 200 mesh. The nickel slag is then reduced at 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C temperature without adding sodium sulfate and by adding sodium sulfate with 1 hour holding time. Furthermore, the results of the reduction is done XRD and AAS testing to see changes in the content of elements and compounds in nickel slag that has been tested. The results of the study explain that the content of the dominant impurities which is in the form of SiO2 decreases as the temperature of the reduction and iron from Fe-rich Forsterite compounds will be liberated and will bind to sulfur derived from sodium sulfate to form troilite (FeS). This results in an increasing content of valuable minerals present in the nickel slag.
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Zhou, Luming, Zhende Zhu, Zhenpeng Yu, and Cong Zhang. "Shear Testing of the Interfacial Friction Between an HDPE Geomembrane and Solid Waste." Materials 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071672.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane is often used as an anti-seepage material in domestic and industrial solid waste landfills. To study the interfacial shear strength between the HDPE anti-seepage geomembrane and various solid wastes, we performed direct shear tests on the contact interface between nine types of industrial solid waste or soil (desulfurization gypsum, fly ash, red mud, mercury slag, lead-zinc slag, manganese slag, silica fume, clay and sand) and a geomembrane with a smooth or rough surface in Guizhou Province, China. Friction strength parameters like the interfacial friction angle and the apparent cohesion between the HDPE geomembrane and various solid wastes were measured to analyze the shear strength of the interface between a geomembrane with either a smooth or a rough surface and various solid wastes. The interfacial shear stress between the HDPE geomembrane and the industrial solid waste increased with shear displacement and the slope of the stress-displacement curve decreased gradually. When shear displacement increased to a certain range, the shear stress at the interface remained unchanged. The interfacial shear strength between the geomembrane with a rough surface and the solid waste was higher than for the geomembrane with a smooth surface. Consequentially, the interfacial friction angle for the geomembrane with a rough surface was larger. The geomembrane with a rough surface had a better shear resistance and the shear characteristics fully developed when it was in full contact with the solid waste.
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Lunev, Aleksandr A. "Mechanical strength of slag crushed stone generated at coal-fired thermal power plants." Vestnik MGSU, no. 7 (July 2020): 968–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2020.7.968-979.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Production waste is used in the construction industry worldwide as it helps to cover a considerable portion of the industry’s demand for building materials. Coarse-grained slag deposits (slag crushed stone and sand), formed in the slag washout zone, have more potential for application than other ash and slag mixtures (coarse ASM), but they need more research. Mechanical properties of the slag crushed stone (coarse-grained ASM), formed in the course of coal combustion at Kansk-Achinsk, Kuznetsk coal deposits (in boilers equipped with liquid and dry slag removal facilities) and the application of the slag crushed stone in roadbuilding are considered.
Materials and methods. In the course of the research, the crushability and the deformation modulus of particular fractions of slag crushed stone samples (in dry and water-saturated conditions) taken from the dumps of Novosibirsk TPP-3 (that consumes the coal of the Kansk-Achinsk coal mining field) and from Novosibirsk TPP-2 and Seversk TPP (that consume the coal of the Kuznetsk coal mining field) were identified. To assess the factors influencing the mechanical strength of the slag crushed stone, ignition losses, the content of flaky and acicular particles, dust and clay particles and clay lumps was made.
Results. The difference in the mechanical strength of samples having different genesis was identified. The graphs obtained in the course of testing were assessed and deformability characteristics were calculated (for materials having different fineness values). The factors influencing the mechanical strength of slag crushed stone were determined. Dependencies between deformation parameters and crushability of the slag crushed stone were obtained.
Conclusions. Some mechanical and physical parameters of the slag crushed stone were identified; they were applied to outline potential areas of the slag crushed stone application in road building. The mathematical relationship needed to project the deformation modulus of the slag crushed stone was identified. This relationship will be used to design structures to be made of this material.
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Shi, Dong Sheng, Zheng Ma, An Li Wu, and Jing Bo Wang. "Study on Drying Shrinkage Properties of Concrete Using Blast Furnace Slag as Fine Aggregate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.539.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, the experiment about drying shrinkage of concrete using blast furnace slag as fine aggregate was introduced. In this experiment, blast furnace slag fine aggregates that were produced by two different steel factory and natural river sands that came from two different producing area were been used, and compressive strength of concrete for testing were four levels from ordinary strength level to high strength level. As results, the drying shrinkage of concrete that used blast furnace slag as fine aggregate is less than concrete that used natural river sand as fine aggregate when the mix proportion condition of concrete was identical. The relationship between drying shrinkage and age of drying of concrete that used blast furnace slag as fine aggregate could be described by same approximated curve equation that was used for the concrete using natural river sand as fine aggregate. As same as concrete using natural river sand, the drying shrinkage of concrete that used blast furnace slag as fine aggregate would decrease with decreasing of water cement ratio.
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., Shubham, and Ravikant Sharma. "Experimental and Analytical Study on Behaviour of Flexural Beams using Blast Furnace Slag." International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology 10, no. 04 (July 3, 2020): 565–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/v.10.4.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study presents the experimental and analytical behavior of flexural beams by replacing coarse aggregate with that of blast furnace slag. The basic objective of this study was to identify alternative source of good quality aggregate because the natural stone quarries are depleting very fast due to rapid pace of construction activities in India .The effect of replacing natural coarse aggregate by slag on the compressive strength of cubes, split tensile strength of cylinders and flexural strength of beams are evaluated in this study. Use of slag – a waste industrial by product of iron and steel production provides great opportunity to utilize it as an alternative to normally available aggregate. The test results of concrete were obtained by adding slag to coarse aggregate as a replacement of stone aggregate in various percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 100%. All specimens were cured for 28 days before testing. From the study it has been observed that the blast furnace slag aggregate could be a good replacement of stone aggregate.
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Kumar, Praveen, D. Satish Kumar, K. Marutiram, and SMR Prasad. "Pilot-scale steam aging of steel slags." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 6 (March 1, 2017): 602–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17694247.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Solid waste management has gained importance in the steel industry in view of rising environmental concerns and scarcity of raw materials. In spite of significant developments in reducing waste generation and development of recycling technologies, steel slag is still a concern for the industry as most of it is dumped. Steel slag is similar to stone aggregates in strength, but its volumetric instability in contact with water hinders its application as aggregates in construction. A part of steel slag is normally exposed to rain and sun for natural aging and stabilization for months before use. The natural aging process is slow and time-consuming, and thus restricts its usage. The steelmaking slag can be put to effective use as coarse aggregates if quickly aged and stabilized by pre-reacting the free expansive phases. In the present work, a new process has been developed to accelerate the steel slag aging process using steam in a 30 T pilot scale facility. The setup has controlled steam injection, distribution, and process control system for steam, temperature, flow, and pressure. Steam percolates through the minute pores in the slag lumps and hydrates the expansive free lime and MgO phases, making it stable. The aged slag expansion properties were tested using an in-house developed expansion testing apparatus. The process is capable of reducing the expansion of steel slag from 3.5% to <1.5% (standard requirement) in 7 days. The aged steel slag is currently being used in roads at JSW Steel, Vijayanagar Works.
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Eremenko, Yu I., and D. A. Poleshchenko. "DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL TESTING OF THE SYSTEM OF SLAG CUT-OFF AT STEEL CASTING PROCESS." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 62, no. 5 (June 19, 2019): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-5-353-359.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The authors have analyzed the existing approaches to solve a problem of determining the moment of slag outcome beginning during steel casting from a ladle to a tundish. The solution of this problem is considered in two aspects: the first is the choice of best way to generate a diagnostic signal from the position of the price/quality ratio of its handling, and the second is the development of a method to process this signal in order to obtain useful information. A scheme is proposed to receive a signal of vibration acceleration from a sensor installed on a manipulator of the ladle protective tube. A product sample is developed to arrange that. It provides protection from the influence of industrial disturbances on the sensor. In order to analyze the vibration acceleration signal, the criteria to determine the moment of the slag outcome beginning were determined based on entropy energy calculation. This method and a system developed on its basis are tested under industrial conditions for a real object. The only condition for effective operation of the developed criteria is selection of the subsystem of steel level maintenance at final casting step to the manual mode to eliminate the disturbances from the movement of the slide shutter used to control the flow of liquid steel. According to the results of experiments under real conditions, it was found that the slide shutter control shutdown is to be performed if weight of the ladle content is from 18 to 19 tons approximately. In this mode of operation, the operator has always been able to found such a rate of steel discharge that the level of steel in the tundish is within the technological requirements. As a result, it is possible to ensure the proposed algorithm triggering for each casting earlier than the operator stops the process manually. At the same time, the amount of steel with slag left in ladle does not exceed 3.8 tons comparing to the moment of the slag cut-off made by the operator.
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Bhoi, Akshaykumar M., Yogesh D. Patil, Hemant S. Patil, and Madhav P. Kadam. "Feasibility Assessment of Incorporating Copper Slag as a Sand Substitute to Attain Sustainable Production Perspective in Concrete." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6502890.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Motivated by the sustainable production perspective, a laboratory testing program is exercised to ascertain the feasibility of utilizing copper slag in place of the natural fine aggregate in concrete. Totally, fifteen concrete mixtures were prepared to incorporate copper slag in place of the fine aggregate in concrete. The attributes of concrete specimens made with varying proportions of copper slag were compared (ranging from 0% to 100% substitution) at a w/c ratio of 0.44, and the optimum percentage of copper slag was decided. The w/c ratio in the mix containing optimum copper slag percentage was then varied (from 0.42 to 0.36) to examine the influence of the change in the quantity of available water on the strength attributes of concrete. Concrete specimens were assessed for workability, density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength. SEM images and X-ray diffractograms of concrete specimens were also studied. The results obtained indicated a significant increase in workability and a small rise in the bulk density of concrete. The study concludes that substituting 60% sand with copper slag results in better compressive strength compared to control concrete and can be improved further by reducing the w/c ratio in the mix.
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Hruby, P., V. Bilek, L. Topolar, L. Kalina, M. Marko, F. Soukal, R. Dvorak, and T. Hercik. "Décalcification resistance of various alkali-activated materials." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1205, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1205/1/012015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The resistance of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) to degradation processes, particularly the decalcification, was studied in this paper. The ground granulated blast furnace slag was alkali-activated using various activators with the same activator dosage 6% Na2O by slag weight (sodium hydroxide, sodium waterglass and sodium carbonate) and subjected to testing of decalcification resistance (immersion in 6M NH4 NO3) for 84 days. The reference samples were stored in water. The progress of degradation was studied using the phenolphthalein technique, mechanical properties testing (compressive and flexural strength), and dilatometry analysis or weight measurements. The results obtained were compared to the CEM III/A 32.5R. The significant loss of mass along with the deterioration of mechanical properties were observed for all binder types, still some of the AAMs showed better durability than the cementitious one.
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Rovnaník, Pavel, Ivo Kusák, Patrik Bayer, Pavel Schmid, and Lukáš Fiala. "Electrical and Self-Sensing Properties of Alkali-Activated Slag Composite with Graphite Filler." Materials 12, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12101616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The electrical properties of concrete are gaining their importance for the application in building construction. In this study, graphite powder was added to alkali-activated slag mortar as an electrically conductive filler in order to enhance the mortar’s conductive properties. The amount of graphite ranged from 1% to 30% of the slag mass. The effect of the graphite powder on the resistivity, capacitance, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the composite was investigated. Selected mixtures were then used for the testing of self-sensing properties under compressive loading. The results show that the addition of an amount of graphite equal to up to 10% of the slag mass improved the electrical properties of the alkali-activated slag. Higher amounts of filler did not provide any further improvement in electrical properties at lower AC frequencies but caused a strong deterioration in mechanical properties. The best self-sensing properties were achieved for the mixture with 10 wt% of graphite, but only at low compressive stresses of up to 6 MPa.