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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Slag resistance"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Slag resistance"

Skaf, Marta, Emiliano Pasquini, Víctor Revilla-Cuesta, and Vanesa Ortega-López. "Performance and Durability of Porous Asphalt Mixtures Manufactured Exclusively with Electric Steel Slags." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 3306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203306.

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Electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) and ladle furnace slag (LFS) are by-products of the electric steelmaking sector with suitable properties for use in bituminous mixtures as both coarse and fine aggregates, respectively. In this research, the production of a porous asphalt mixture with an aggregate skeleton consisting exclusively of electric steelmaking slags (using neither natural aggregates nor fillers) is explored. The test program examines the asphalt mixtures in terms of their mechanical performance (abrasion loss and indirect tensile strength), durability (cold abrasion loss, aging, and long-term behavior), water sensitivity, skid and rutting resistance, and permeability. The results of the slag-mixes are compared with a standard mix, manufactured with siliceous aggregates and cement as filler. The porous mixes manufactured with the slags provided similar results to the conventional standard mixtures. Some issues were noted in relation to compaction difficulties and the higher void contents of the slag mixtures, which reduced their resistance to raveling. Other features linked to permeability and skid resistance were largely improved, suggesting that these mixtures are especially suitable for permeable pavements in rainy regions. In conclusion, a porous asphalt mixture was produced with 100% slag aggregates that met current standards for long-lasting and environmentally friendly mixtures.

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Babenko, A. A., M. V. Ushakov, A. V. Murzin, and L. Yu Mikhailova. "Elaboration and mastering of technology of semiproduct smelting in EAF under magnesia slags." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 75, no. 8 (September 6, 2019): 936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2019-8-936-943.

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Technology of magnesia slags forming provides increase of electric energy utilization efficiency and furnace lining resistance due to early formation of stable slag foam and decrease of aggressive slag impact on the lining. At the same time the practice of operation with magnesia slags shows, that excessive over-saturation them by magnesium oxide results in heterogenization, decrease of refining properties and deterioration of some technological, technical and economic process indices. Therefore, study and elaboration technology of rational composition magnesia slags forming by periods of a heating in EAF is an actual task. Results of numerical simulation of slag temperature and chemical composition effect on MgO saturation concentration during different melting periods in EAF presented. Besides, results of analysis of refining abilities of magnesia slags depending on MgO saturation degree also presented study of magnesia slags viscosity effect depending on MgO basicity and saturation concentration, as well as magnesia slag chemical and phase composition effect on foaming efficiency. Results of theoretical and experimental study were used as a base of elaboration rational slag composition by periods of melting in the EAF and technological techniques of their formation. A technology elaborated and implemented at PAO “Seversky pipe plant” EAF shop by leaving some amount of high-magnesia slags of the previous heat and addition in two stages high-magnesia flux of “Magma” grade during the oxidizing period. This resulted in a record resistance of the refractory EAF lining, exceeding 1900 heats within a campaign and a high level of technological, technical and economic process indices.

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Yu, Chao, Chengji Deng, Hongxi Zhu, Zhengliang Xue, and Jun Ding. "Slag corrosion resistance of Al4SiC4." International Journal of Materials Research 108, no. 3 (March 13, 2017): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/146.111469.

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Xu, Haiqin, Shaopeng Wu, Hechuan Li, Yuechao Zhao, and Yang Lv. "Study on Recycling of Steel Slags Used as Coarse and Fine Aggregates in Induction Healing Asphalt Concretes." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040889.

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Steel slag, a by-product of steelmaking, imposes lots of negative impacts on the environment. For alleviating negative impacts, more and more experiments have been carried out to explore the application possibility of steel slag. The purpose of this study is to explore the feasibility of steel slag being applied in induction healing asphalt concretes to replace coarse and fine aggregate. Surface texture and pore sizes of steel slag were firstly tested, and then steel slag and basalt asphalt mixtures modified with steel fibers were prepared. Moisture susceptibility, dynamic stability, mechanical property, thermal property, induction heating speed, natural cooling speed and healing property of the asphalt mixtures were evaluated. Results showed that steel slags had more obvious holes in the surface while the surface area is much larger than that of basalt. Furthermore, steel fibers and steel slag both have dynamic stability, and steel fibers contribute to increased moisture resistance while steel slag is not. Steel slag asphalt concrete showed better mechanical property and better capacity to store heating. Steel slag asphalt mixtures had a similar heating speed to basalt asphalt mixtures but a significantly slower cooling rate. Finally, the induction healing test and CT scanning test demonstrated that steel slag asphalt mixtures had a similar healing ability to basalt asphalt mixtures. It can be concluded that steel slags have the potential to replace the natural aggregates to be applied in induction heating self-healing asphalt concretes.

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Yuan, Wen Jie, Cheng Ji Deng, Wei Zhou, and Hong Xi Zhu. "The Slag Resistance of Al₄SiC₄-Al₄O₄C Composite Refractories." Applied Mechanics and Materials 692 (November 2014): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.692.224.

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The effect of phase composition and microstructure of Al4SiC4-Al4O4C composite refractories after sintered and immersion in the slag on its slag resistance was preliminary investigated. The penetration layer in refractories synthesized at 1700 °C resulted from loose microstructure led to worse slag resistance. While the refractories synthesized at 1800 °C presented better slag resistance because the dense microstructure and higher Al4SiC4 content inhibited the slag penetration and corrosion.

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Chen, Tie Jun. "Study on Full-Slag Concrete Feasibility." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1682.

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In this paper, of the slag composition, stability and slag particles indicators of concrete performance, demonstrated use of steel slag to do the Complete Works of material, steel slag powder admixture with high wear resistance, water resistance slag cement preparationthe feasibility of high-performance cement concrete.

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Ma, Bei Yue, Qiang Zhu, Yong Sun, Jing Kun Yu, and Ying Li. "Influences of Commercial SiC and Al₂O₃-SiC Synthesized from Clay on the Slag Resistance of Corundum Material." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.526.

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The corundum based material was prepared, with fused white corundum, commercial SiC powder and superfine Al2O3-SiC powder synthesized from clay by carbothermal reduction reaction as raw materials. The influences of SiC and Al2O3-SiC powders on the slag penetration and corrosion resistance of the material were investigated, and the slag resistance mechanisms of the additives were also discussed. It was found that the slag resistance of the corundum material by adding Al2O3-SiC and SiC powders could be improved obviously. For improving the slag resistance of the corundum material, adding Al2O3-SiC was much better than adding commercial SiC. When the Al2O3-SiC powder contacted with the molten slag, Al2O3 in the additive could be dissolved into the molten slag immediately, while SiC remained, which caused the viscosity of molten slag to be increased. So, the slag penetration and slag corrosion into the corundum material could be effectively inhibited.

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Kempf, Luca-Alexander, Rolf Breitenbücher, Christian Gerten, and Andreas Ehrenberg. "Optimizing the acid resistance of concrete with granulated blast-furnace slag." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0295.

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Concrete structures exposed to high levels of chemical attacks are assigned to exposure class XA3, which recommends separate concrete protection or a special expert solution to ensure durability. Due to the partial substitution of Portland cement by blast-furnace slag, an increased resistance to acid attacks could be achieved within the framework of a research project. The technical and ecological advantages of cements containing granulated blast-furnace slag were exploited through chemical, granulometric and concrete technological optimizations. Despite extensive parameters, a statistical test design (DoE) was able to limit the experimental effort, thus defining principles for the conception of binder systems with increased chemical resistance.Mortar prisms indicated that the use of (ultrafine) blast-furnace slags (up to 13,000 cm2/g according to Blaine) with a broad particle size distribution can have a positive effect both on the capillary/gel pore ratio and on the calcium hydroxide content in the cement stone. Furthermore, the chemical composition of the blast-furnace slag as well as the water-binder ratio are decisive influencing factors for the acid-resistance, which was confirmed in accelerated acid resistance tests on concretes (pH-stat method). After 13 weeks of storing concrete specimens in sulfuric acid (H2SO4, pH 3.5), reduced damage depths and lower weight losses were observed compared to conventional binder compositions. The results serve as a basis for the development of highly acid-resistant concretes using blast-furnace slag-containing binder systems. Currently, the acid resistance of those concretes is being investigated in a long-term study by outsourcing representative test specimens into the Emscher sewer.

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Humad, Habermehl-Cwirzen, and Cwirzen. "Effects of Fineness and Chemical Composition of Blast Furnace Slag on Properties of Alkali‐Activated Binder." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 3447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203447.

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The effects of fines and chemical composition of three types of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) on various concrete properties were studied. Those studied were alkali activated by liquid sodium silicate (SS) and sodium carbonate (SC). Flowability, setting times, compressive strength, efflorescence, and carbonation resistance and shrinkage were tested. The chemical composition and microstructure of the solidified matrixes were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDX analyser. The results showed that the particle size distribution of the slags and the activator type had significantly stronger effects on all measured properties than their chemical composition. The highest compressive strength values were obtained for the finest slag, which having also the lowest MgO content. SC‐activated mortar produced nearly the same compressive strength values independently of the used slag. The most intensive efflorescence and the lowest carbonation resistance developed on mortars based on slag containing 12% of MgO and the lowest fineness. The slag with the highest specific surface area and the lowest MgO content developed a homogenous microstructure, highest reaction temperature and lowest drying shrinkage. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated the presence of C‐(A)-S-H, hydrotalcite HT, and carbonate like‐phases in all studied mortars.

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Kushnirskii, G. M., V. G. Sloushch, A. N. Sokolov, E. S. Borisovskii, L. M. Myznikova, I. K. Orlov, and T. V. Zhukova. "Slag resistance of refractories for evacuators." Refractories 27, no. 7-8 (July 1986): 429–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01389512.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Slag resistance"

Wang, Xidong. "Synthesis of AlON and MgAlON Ceramics and Their Chemical Corrosion Resistance." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3120.

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In view of the excellent mechanical, chemical and opticalproperties, AlON (Aluminum oxynitride) as well as MgAlON(Magnesium Aluminum oxynitride) have drawn the attention ofmaterials scientists in past decades. In this thesis,thermodynamic properties, synthesis and corrosion resistance tooxygen and slag of AlON and MgAlON ceramics have beeninvestigated.

Gibbs energy of AlON and MgAlON with different compositionsand temperatures were estimatedby using thermodynamicquasi-parabola rule. Phase stability diagrams of Al-O-N andMg-Al-O-N systems at different conditions have been calculated.On the basis of thermodynamic analysis, AlON and MgAlONceramics were synthesized by hot-press sintering andcharacterized by XRD, TEM and HREM analyses. An X-raydiffraction standard file of MgAlON is suggested and sent toJCPDS.

The density of AlON synthesized was 3.63g/cm³, about 97.8% of its theoretical density. Thedensity of MgAlON is 3.55 g/cm³. Fracture toughness of AlON and MgAlON is 3.96 and4.06 MPa.m^1/2. Three-point bending strength of AlON and MgAlONare 248 and 268 MPa, respectively, at room temperature andkeeps very high until 1723K. However the strength drops 189 and202 MPa for AlON and MgAlON, respectively, at 1723K. Thefracture section of AlON and MgAlON were examined and found tobe a mixed fracture of intercrystalline and cleavage fracturefor AlON and a mixed intercrystalline and transcrystallinefracture for MgAlON.

Oxidation experiments of AlON and MgAlON and a comparison ofthe oxidation behavior of AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO₂and NB-ZCM have been carried out. Undernon-isothermal oxidation conditions, oxidation of AlON exhibitstwo steps with a "S"-shaped curve due to the phasetransformation of oxidation product. As temperature increases,the oxidation product, γ -Al₂O₃formed at lower temperatures will transform intoα-Al₂O₃. Due to the differences in the molar volumesbetween α-Al₂O₃and γ -Al₂O₃, cracks are likely to be formed in the productlayer promoting further oxidation. MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO₂and NB-ZCM show only one step with paraboliccurves.

Isothermal oxidation experiments of AlON, MgAlON,O'SiAlON-ZrO₂and NB-ZCM have been carried out in thetemperature range of 1373-1773K. At lower temperatures, MgAlONshows the best resistance to oxidation. But at highertemperatures, such as 1773K, AlON shows the best resistance tooxidation. O'SiAlON-ZrO₂shows very good oxidation resistance in the lowtemperature range up to 1673K. But, as the temperature goes upabove 1673K, there is liquid phase produced during theoxidation process. Gas bubbles are also formed in the productlayer causing the flaking-off of some parts of the productlayer. Therefore its oxidation rate increases greatly astemperature rises to 1673K. In the case of BN-ZCM ceramics, dueto the evaporation of B₂O₃, the oxidation resistance seems to be poorest. Thechemical reaction activation energies for the initial stage ofoxidation of AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO₂and BN-ZCM are 218, 330, 260 and 254 kJ/molerespectively. And the activation energies at the laterdiffusion controlling stages are 227, 573, 367 and 289 kJ/molefor AlON, MgAlON, O'SiAlON-ZrO₂and BN-ZCM respectively.

The roughness of the oxidation sample surfaces has beenmeasured by Atomic Force Microscope. As the temperatureincreases, the degrees of roughness of AlON and MgAlON surfacesincrease slightly due to the growth of crystal grain. Theroughness degree of BN-ZCM increases greatly because of theevaporation of B₂O₃. However the roughness of O'SiAlON-ZrO₂decreases as the temperature increases from 1473Kto 1673K. The main reason is that the liquid phase (glass)produced during the oxidation process at high temperatures suchas 1673K and 1773K. The roughness degree of MgAlON, AlON,O'SiAlON-ZrO₂and BN-ZCM are 234, 174, 75 and 63 nm respectivelyat 1473K, and 297, 284, 52 and 406 nm respectively at1673K.

Experiments of corrosion of AlON by CaO-MgO-"FeO"-Al₂O₃-SiO₂slags were conducted in the temperature range of1693-1753K under static conditions as well as under forcedconvection. XRD, SEM-EDS and TEM analyses on the corrodedsamples were carried out.

The results showed that the diffusion was therate-controlling step in the initial stage of the corrosion.Thereafter, the slag formation (the product layer dissolvinginto the liquid slag) became more and more important. Thisaspect was further confirmed by fractal dimension analysis ofthe interface. The overall activation energy for the corrosionprocess with slag No.1 was evaluated to be 1002 kJ. Adding"FeO" to the slag greatly enhanced the corrosion rate probablydue to the reaction of the sample with "FeO".

Key words:AlON, MgAlON, Thermodynamics, Synthesis,Oxidation, Slag corrosion

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Chan, Chen-Feng. "Influence of additives and atmosphere on microstructural evolution and slag resistance of Alâ‚‚Oâ‚ƒ-SiC-C refractories." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391039.

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Hassan, Husseen, and Abdifatah Sahal. "Experimental Tests of Pre - placed Aggregate Concrete for Concrete Repairs." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278540.

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Анотація:

Since a large part of the hydropower structures in Sweden was built in the 1950s and 1960s, many of them are slowly but surely exhibiting deterioration. The hydropower companies are facing big challenges and are consequently investing in effective repairing methods since a hydropower structure failure could pose serious consequences and dangers to people, the environment, and the community. Many structures within hydropower are made of concrete and the demands on the new supplementing concrete are high. Concrete with the potential to meet these high demands is the pre-placed aggregate concrete, which has shown promising results regarding its mechanical properties in previous studies. For this reason, this type of concrete is of interest to investigate. The focus has not been on optimizing the pre-placed aggregate concrete for full-scale productions. Instead, the main objectives of this master thesis were to study and analyze the mechanical properties of this type of concrete, such as shrinkage, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, freeze-thaw resistance and moreover investigate parameters of importance in the mix design to obtain a homogenous and easy flowing grout that successfully could fill the voids between the coarse aggregates. The investigations were carried out by laboratory experiments in the research and laboratory facilities of Vattenfall in Älvkarleby. The mix design of the grout was developed using the methods and requirements stated in the American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM standards, and The Swedish Institute for Standards, SiS. A total of 15 grout-mixes were made. However, only the last five were used to cast specimens as the air content was insufficient in the first ten. The results indicated that it is necessary to replace the air-entraining admixture with microspheres in order for the pre-placed aggregate concrete to meet the requirements in exposure class XF3 and XC4. The scaling of the pre-placed aggregate concrete was less than 0.1 kg/m2 at 56 cycles, and thus, the freeze-thaw resistance was classed as very good. Moreover, the use of slag considerably reduced the bleeding of the grout and also improved the casting results. However, on the other hand, it increased the shrinkage of the pre-placed aggregate concrete. An efficiency factor of 0.6 proved to be too low since the compressive strength of the specimen with slag was approximately 50 % higher than the ones without. Furthermore, the shrinkage of the pre-placed aggregate concrete was after 63 days found to be lower than that of the conventional concrete. Also, the compressive strength of the pre-placed aggregate concrete without slag proved to be approximately 15 % lower than that of conventional concrete. Additionally, vibration during casting was found to increase the compressive strength of the pre-placed aggregate concrete and also improved the casting results. Low bleeding, combined with a high discharge time of approximately 45 seconds for 1.7 liters of grout, generated the best casting results. The results from the investigations have shown that this type of concrete has great potential. However, actions and further investigations should be made to see whether changing the fine aggregate size to a smaller one improves the ability of the grout to penetrate the voids between the coarse aggregates. Moreover, pump injection of the grout should be tested instead of pouring it over the coarse aggregates to see whether it improves the casting results and the mechanical properties.
Då en stor del av vattenkraftsdammarna i Sverige byggdes på 1950 och 1960-talet börjar många av dessa sakta men säkert brytas ner. Vattenkraftföretagen står inför stora utmaningar och investerar följaktligen i effektiva reparationsmetoder då dammbrott skulle kunna få allvarliga konsekvenser för människor, den omgivande miljön och för samhället. Flertalet konstruktioner inom vattenkraften är gjorda av betong och kraven på den nya kompletterande betongen är höga. En betong med potentialen att möta och uppfylla dessa höga krav är injekteringsbetongen som i tidigare studier uppvisat lovande resultat beträffande dess mekaniska egenskaper. Med anledning av detta är injekteringsbetongen av intresse att undersöka. Fokus har inte varit på att optimera injekteringsbetongen i syfte att genomföra fullskaliga försök. Istället har huvudsyftet med detta examensarbete varit att studera och analysera injekteringsbetongens mekaniska egenskaper såsom krympning, tryckhållfasthet, spräckhållfasthet, frostbeständighet samt undersöka viktiga parametrar i skapandet av ett homogent och lättflytande cementbruk som med god framgång kunde fylla ut hålrummen mellan grova ballasten. Undersökningarna utfördes genom laboratorieförsök på Vattenfalls betonglaboratorium i Älvkarleby. Vidare har skapandet och utvecklandet av bruket utförts i enlighet med metoder och krav angivna i American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM standards, samt i Svenska institutet för Standarder, SiS. Totalt gjordes 15 bruksblandningar, dock användes enbart de sista fem till gjutning av provkroppar då lufthalten visade sig vara för låg i dem första tio. Resultaten indikerade på att det är nödvändigt att ersätta luftporbildare med mikrosfärer för att erhålla en lufthalt som uppfyller kraven för betong i exponeringsklass XF3 samt XC4. Injekteringbetongens avflagning efter 56 dygn var mindre än 0.1 kg/m2 och frostbeständigheten kunde därmed klassas som mycket god. Användningen av slagg minskade cementbrukets vattenseparation avsevärt och bidrog även till förbättrade gjutresultat. Dock bidrog det å andra sidan till en ökad krympning hos injekteringsbetongen. En effektivitetsfaktor på 0.6 visade sig vara för låg då injekteringsbetongen med slagg hade en cirka 50 % högre tryckhållfasthet än dem utan. Dessutom visade sig injekteringsbetongens krympning vara mindre än den konventionella betongens efter 63 dagar. Tryckhållfastheten hos injekteringsbetongen utan slagg uppvisade även en cirka 15 % lägre tryckhållfasthet än den konventionella betongens. Vibrering under gjutning visade sig höja tryckhållfastheten hos injekteringsbetongen samt förbättra gjutresultaten. En låg vattenseparation i kombination med en flödestid på cirka 45 sekunder för 1.7 liter bruk visade sig ge bästa gjutresultaten. Resultaten från laboratorieförsöken har visat på att injekteringsbetongen besitter stor potential. Dock bör ytterligare undersökningar genomföras för att bedöma huruvida en mindre ballastfraktion för sanden påverkar brukets förmåga att penetrera den grova ballasten. Vidare bör bruket pumpas in istället för att hällas över den grova ballasten, detta för att se huruvida gjutresultaten samt de mekaniska egenskaperna hos injekteringsbetongen skulle förbättras.

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Anttila, S. (Severi). "Influence of minor elements on some weldability issues of intermediate purity stabilized ferritic stainless steels." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219738.

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Abstract Stabilized ferritic stainless steel grades are attractive alternatives to common austenitic grades in sheet metal applications. Compared with older unstabilized ferritic grades, the mechanical and corrosion properties are usually improved. The impurity level, mainly the amount of interstitial carbon and nitrogen, plays an important role in these steels. There are notable issues in the welding of these steels, the most apparent difference to austenitic steels is the susceptibility to brittle failure. This research focused on the influence of minor elements, especially aluminium, calcium, silicon, titanium, niobium, nitrogen and oxygen, on the weldability of modern intermediate purity level stabilized ferritic stainless steels. The research proceeded in several stages. At first, the general characteristics and performance data about the welds in currently manufactured 11 to 21 mass percent chromium ferritic stainless steels in Europe was obtained. The research then focused on novel high chromium stabilized ferritic stainless steels. Lastly, the influence of various steelmaking practices on weldability were investigated. The results showed that in stabilized ferritic stainless steels, slag islands are frequently seen in the molten weld pools. These islands can have many origins, e.g. deoxidation, calcium treatment and stabilization practices, and they can be roughly assessed from the chemical composition of the steel. The nature and the influence of these slags varies and can be related to irregularities in the weldability and molten metal fluid flow. Large grain size and titanium carbonitride particles impair the toughness of the heat-affected zone. Generally, stabilization with niobium is preferred. However, solely niobium stabilized steel welds run the risk of forming coarse columnar grains in welds deteriorating some of the properties. A breakdown of the columnar grains is possible to achieve in autogenous welds with minor titanium and aluminium alloying, provided that small amounts of nitrogen and oxygen are induced from the shielding gas. However, grain refinement may not improve the properties, if it is accomplished with an increase in the total interstitial content
Tiivistelmä Stabiloidut ferriittiset ruostumattomat teräkset soveltuvat korvaamaan tavanomaisia austeniittisia ruostumattomia teräksiä ohutlevysovelluksissa. Näillä teräksillä keskeiset mekaaniset ja korroosio-ominaisuudet ovat usein paremmat kuin varhaisilla, stabiloimattomilla ferriittisillä teräksillä. Hiili ja typpi ovat näissä teräksissä kuitenkin epäpuhtauksia. Toisin kuin austeniittiset teräkset, ferriittiset teräkset ovat alttiita haurasmurtumalle, erityisesti hitsatuissa rakenteissa. Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa keskityttiin mikroseosaineiden ja epäpuhtauksien vaikutukseen keskipuhtaiden stabiloitujen ferriittisten teräslajien hitsauksessa. Tutkimus kohdistui erityisesti alumiinin, kalsiumin, piin, titaanin, niobin, typen ja hapen vaikutuksiin. Aluksi tutkittiin kaupallisten terästen hitsien keskeisiä ominaisuuksia. Tämän jälkeen tutkittiin uusia ns. korkeakromisia stabiloituja ferriittisiä teräslajeja. Lopuksi tutkittiin teräksen valmistuksen vaikutuksia stabiloitujen ferriittisten ruostumattomien terästen hitsattavuuteen. Tutkituilla teräksillä hitsauksen aikana muodostui runsaasti kuonalauttoja. Näillä kuonilla on monta alkuperää, esim. deoksidointi, kalsiumkäsittely ja stabilointiaineet. Hitsien kuonaisuutta voidaan karkeasti arvioida teräksen kemiallisen koostumuksen perusteella. Muodostuvilla kuonilla on useita vaikutuksia hitsauksessa, mm. epäjatkuvuuksiin ja sulan virtauksiin. Hitsauksessa muodostuva suuri raekoko ja stabiloinnin titaanikarbonitridipartikkelit heikentävät oleellisesti hitsin muutosvyöhykkeen sitkeyttä. Stabilointi käyttäen pääasiassa niobia on toivottavaa, mutta jos stabilointiin käytetään vain niobia, tulee hitsin mikrorakenteesta karkea ja hitsin ominaisuudet voivat heikentyä. Karkean mikrorakenteen hienontaminen on mahdollista käyttäen suojakaasuna argonia, jossa on hieman typpeä ja happea, mikäli teräkseen on seostettu hieman alumiinia ja titaania. Raerakenteen hienontaminen ei kuitenkaan yksiselitteisesti paranna hitsin ominaisuuksia, mikäli hienontaminen saavutetaan kasvattamalla epäpuhtauspitoisuutta tarpeettoman korkeaksi

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Sampaio, Soares Luis Fernando. "Influence of slab continuity on punching resistance." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/48011.

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This research addresses the design of reinforced concrete flat slabs for punching shear. Flat slabs are two way spanning slabs without downstand beams that are directly supported by columns. The thickness of flat slabs is typically governed by considerations of either deflection control or punching shear for which there is still no widely accepted theoretical treatment. The research seeks to develop a better understanding of the effects of in-plane restraint and flexural continuity on the punching resistance of flat slabs. The overriding aim is to determine whether flexural continuity is sufficient to explain the satisfactory performance of existing flat slabs which appear punching shear deficient when assessed against test data from isolated punching shear specimens. The influence of slab continuity on punching resistance is assessed through analysis of test data, nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) and fib MC2010 Level of Approximation (LoA) IV which is based on the Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT) of Muttoni. The CSCT relates shear resistance to the width of the so-called ‘critical shear crack’ which depends on slab rotation. MC2010 has four LoA of which I to III are intended for design. Punching resistance is normally determined from tests on isolated slab-column specimens which are intended to simulate behaviour within the elastic line of contraflexure for radial moments, although the benefits of continuity on punching shear strength is well known. MC2010 LoA IV, which uses nonlinear finite element analysis to determine the slab rotation, is used to investigate and develop a better understanding of the influence of continuity on the punching shear resistance of flat slabs at edge and internal columns. The FE model is calibrated against relevant test data from both isolated and continuous specimens. Parametric studies are presented which show the superseded UK design code BS8110 to require significantly less punching shear reinforcement than EC2 (2004) and MC2010 LoA II which give reasonable strength predictions for isolated internal column punching specimens. Despite this, slabs designed to BS8110 have performed satisfactorily for many years. MC2010 LoA IV is used to show that punching resistance at internal columns can be increased significantly by restraint from the surrounding slab. The increase in punching resistance due to continuity is shown to be sufficient to explain the satisfactory performance of flat slabs designed to BS8110 at internal columns. However, the strength increase is variable and, in the case of uniformly loaded slabs, already largely included in BS8110 and EC2. The research also considers the influence of slab continuity on punching resistance at edge columns. Parametric studies are developed to examine the influence of shear force eccentricity, flexural reinforcement distribution between support and span, and modelling assumptions on the punching resistance of flat slabs at edge columns. Relating the punching resistance at edge columns to the elastic unbalanced moment as done in MC2010 LoA II and III is shown to be overly conservative for continuous slabs. The ACI 318 and EC2 practice of making the design punching resistance independent of the unbalanced moment is reviewed and shown to be reasonable particularly for continuous slabs. MC2010 LoA IV is shown to be a powerful tool for assessment, however the predictions for the method are very sensitive to the modelling assumptions and boundary conditions.

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Šimko, Lukáš. "Vliv ohybového namáhání na elektrické vlastnosti alkalicky aktivovaných struskových kompozitů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372061.

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Ordinary concrete is the most commonly used building material, but nowadays the requirements for low energy consumption, durability of structures together with their easy diagnostics as well as ecological production raises. This thesis deals with cement and aluminosilicate composites with content of conductive fillers, which allows to monitor the change in electrical properties, most commonly electrical resistance in dependence on mechanical stress. In the experimental part of the thesis, test beams were produced based on alkali-activated slag with content of carbon nanotubes, graphite powder, carbon black and carbon fibre. The beams were subjected to flexural loading in a three-point bending configuration and the shift in electrical resistance was monitored.

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Johnston, Katherine Ann. "Biochemical mechanisms of resistance of potato cultivars to slug attack." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254057.

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Deva, Yashika Poorvi. "Slug flow induced corrosion studies using electrochemical noise measurements." Ohio : Ohio University, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1179513355.

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Lindeman, Harriet. "Spoken Resistance: Slam Poetry Performance as a Diasporic Response to Discursive Violence." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1032.

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This project foregrounds the work and perspectives of spoken word poets of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) descent in connection to the NYC slam poetry scene. I trace the parallel racialization of MENA diaspora communities in the US and the development of slam poetry as a space for raising “othered” voices. Through ethnographic analysis, I consider slam poetry as a site of intersectional struggle, arguing that the engagement of MENA diaspora poets with this scene reveals the ways in which poetry both constitutes resistance to discursive violence through representation and works to mobilize audiences against tangible structures of violence.

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Nguyen, Tien Dung. "Apport des aluminates de calcium vis-à-vis de la résistance à l'eau des sulfates de calcium hydratés." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0002.

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Les sulfates de calcium sont des matériaux économiques et écologiques. Pourtant leur utilisation dans le domaine de la construction est assez limitée du fait de leur sensibilité à l’eau. La capacité des ciments alumineux (CAC) à diminuer la sensibilité à l’eau des sulfates de calcium ainsi que les mécanismes d’insensibilisation ont été étudiés. L’insensibilisation à l’eau des sulfates de calcium a été réalisée par ajout de faibles quantités de ciment alumineux (≤ 30%). Quatre sulfates de calcium de nature différente : gypse, hémi-hydrate α et β, anhydrite synthétique ont été étudiés. L’étude des mécanismes d’insensibilisation à l’eau des sulfates de calcium par ajout du ciment Fondu, menée à différentes analyses de la microstructure : IR, DRX, ATD-TG, MEB, a mis en évidence deux approches : la formation de l’ettringite insoluble et la formation du gel d’AH3 qui colle les grains de sulfate de calcium soluble. La nature des phases cristallochimiques du ciment alumineux a des influences sur les caractéristiques mécaniques, la sensibilité à l’eau ainsi que la durabilité des mélanges [sulfate de calcium / CAC]. L’étude des mélanges [anhydrite synthétique / laitier / CAC] offrent des perspectives intéressantes notamment concernant le développement des liants à faible empreinte CO2
Calcium sulphate materials are economical and ecological. But their use in the construction is quite limited because of their sensibility to water. The capacity of aluminate cement (CAC) to decrease the water sensibility of calcium sulphate and the mechanisms of insensibilisation were investigated. Waterproofing of gypsum base materials was carried out by addition of small amounts of aluminate cement (≤ 30%). Different nature of calcium sulphates : gypsum, hemihydrate α and β, synthetic anhydrite was studied. The study of mechanisms of insensibilisation to water of calcium sulphate by adding cement Fondu, with different analysis of microstructure : IR, DRX, ATD-TG, MEB, revealed two approaches : formation of ettringite insoluble and formation of gel AH3 that stick soluble grains of calcium sulphate. The nature of phases of aluminate cement has influences on the mechanical properties, sensibility to water and durability of mixtures [calcium sulphate / CAC]. The studies of mixtures [synthetic anhydrite / slag / CAC] offer interesting perspectives for the development of binders with low imprint CO2

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Книги з теми "Slag resistance"

Boyd, Andrew James. Salt scaling resistance of concrete containing slag and fly ash. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1995.

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Smith, Amanda J. Factors affecting the sulphate resistance of mortars containing slag and silica fume. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2002.

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Pashutinski, Igor. Mechanisms of improved sulphate resistance of concrete containing slag or silica fume. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Jiao, Qingxian. Generation and tranmission [sic] of heat in an electric slag resistance furnace. 1991, 1991.

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Ma, Thomas Lai-Wai. A finite element model of the coupled electrothermal effects in a slag resistance furnace. 1985.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The Manufacturing method of surface decarbonized steel slab with excellent sulfide stress corrosion and ammonia cracking resistance. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Welsh, Mary Sue. Keeping Up with the Speed Kings. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037368.003.0004.

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This chapter describes the decision of Edna's mother to move to Philadelphia to support her daughter's new career. She rented a small townhouse at 1910 Panama Street for the two of them and her youngest daughter, Peggy, who was attending Beaver College (known today as Arcadia University), just northwest of Philadelphia in the suburb of Glenside. The chapter also details Edna's first rehearsal with the orchestra on September 29, 1930. She knew that she might face resistance from some of the men of the orchestra, but the wave of hostility that came at her was a shock. It was so palpable it felt like a slap. Later she discovered that the men were angry about more than just the fact that a woman had invaded their private domain. They were also upset that Vincent Fanelli had been replaced so precipitously after he developed a problem in his right hand.

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Частини книг з теми "Slag resistance"

Ahmad, Saeed, Nasir Shafiq, Hafiz Waheed Iqbal, Raja Zaheer Ahmad, Zulqurnain Abbas, Anees-ur Rehman, and Muhammad Ali. "Effect of Slag on Chloride Resistance of Concrete." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 365–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6311-3_42.

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Saurav, Anjani Kumar Shukla, and Pratyush Malaviya. "A Comparative Study of Fire Resistance of Concrete Incorporating Ultrafine Slag." In Advances in Industrial Safety, 291–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6852-7_26.

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Moriwaki, Koji, Kyohei Yamaguchi, and Masanori Ogata. "Evaluation Methods of the Corrosion Resistance of ZrO2-C Material used for Sen Slag Line." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013), 819–24. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch140.

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Kennedy, Mark William, Melina Garcia, and Finn Olesen. "Comparison of Classical Tools and Modern Finite Element Modeling in the Electrical Design of Slag Resistance Furnaces." In International Smelting Technology Symposium, 239–49. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364765.ch29.

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Sen, Anupal, B. Prasad, J. K. Sahu, and J. N. Tiwari. "Studies & Optimisation of Various types of Zirconia to Minimise Crack Propagation & Improve Corrosion &Erosion Resistance of Slag Band of Subentry Nozzle." In Proceedings of the Unified International Technical Conference on Refractories (UNITECR 2013), 825–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118837009.ch141.

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Chardon, Patrick. "The Molecular Genetics of the Sla Complex." In Improving Genetic Disease Resistance in Farm Animals, 91–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1057-7_10.

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Chang, Peng, Qian Feng Yao, and Aping Wang. "Crack Resistance Analyses on RC Composite Floor Slab." In Environmental Ecology and Technology of Concrete, 637–43. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-983-0.637.

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Chen, Mao, Junhong Chen, and Baojun Zhao. "Corrosion Resistances of Cr-Free Refractories to Copper Smelting Slags." In Advances in Molten Slags, Fluxes, and Salts, 1101–8. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119333197.ch117.

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Kristensen, Birte. "Current Status of SLA Class I And II Serology." In Improving Genetic Disease Resistance in Farm Animals, 23–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1057-7_4.

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Vaiman, Marcel. "Possible Effects of the Pig SLA Complex on Physiological Performances." In Improving Genetic Disease Resistance in Farm Animals, 124–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1057-7_14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Slag resistance"

"Alkaline Activated Slag (AAS): Resistance to Sulfate Attack." In SP-326: Durability and Sustainability of Concrete Structures (DSCS-2018). American Concrete Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/51711005.

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"Resistance of Alkali-Activated Slag Mortars to Chloride Solution." In "SP-114: Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag, and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete: Proceedings of the Third International Conference". American Concrete Institute, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/1886.

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"Freezing and Thawing Resistance of High Slag Content Concrete." In SP-179: Fourth CANMET/ACI/JCI Conference: Advances in Concrete Technology. American Concrete Institute, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/6086.

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"Scaling Resistance of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace (GGBF) Slag Concretes." In "SP-145: Durability of Concrete -- Proceedings Third CANMET - ACI International Conference, Nice, France 1994". American Concrete Institute, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/4540.

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Wang, Guo-qiang, Ke-bin Shi, and Yi-xiong Ge. "nStudy on crack resistance of high performance concrete with lithium-slag." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering (ICETCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetce.2011.5776466.

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Zhong, Song, Wei Chen, Wei Wang, Linze Li, and Long Xie. "Experimental Study on Frost Resistance of High Titanium Heavy Slag Concrete." In 2015 4th International Conference on Sensors, Measurement and Intelligent Materials. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsmim-15.2016.182.

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"The Sulphate Resistance of Portland and Blast Furnace Slag Cement Concretes." In "SP-126: Durability of Concrete: Second International Conference, Montreal, Canada 1991". American Concrete Institute, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/2490.

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Nam, Huynh Phuong, and Akira Hosoda. "Improvement of Crack Resistance of Slag Concrete by Utilizing High Alite Cement." In Ninth International Conference on Creep, Shrinkage, and Durability Mechanics (CONCREEP-9). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413111.042.

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Turchin, Vadim, Stanislav Sychugov, Ludmila Yudina, Alexander Gumeniuk, Tatyana Zhilkina, Yuriy Gmizov, Rimantas Mackevicius, and Tatyana Ivanova. "Corrosion resistance dry building mortars base on alkaline slag binder for using in aggressive sulfate medium." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.039.

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Dry Building Mortars (DBM) are new in terms of building technology, and they sometimes substitute different kinds of concrete and mortar mixes. DBM have been successfully used in construction and their performance has been as efficient as the one of commercial mortar mixes, i.e. they boost labour efficiency, and bring down material consumption. They can be also kept in stock for a long time, and shipped with no compromise in quality. Today DBM are based on cementing components. And some famous mix mortars are based on gypsum, polymer, and some other types of cementing components which contain fine-dispersed additives of ground slag, fly ash, and raw sludge. These mix mortars are applied as smoothing, aligning, waterproof, and safety types of coverage. This article studies the possibility of involving slag cementing components in manufacturing DBM. Due to their high waterproof resistance in salt-affected water, these sorts of mixes may be used as protective coatings and plasters for concrete frames in corrosive medium. Slag Cementing Components (SCC) are hydraulic cementing agents, which harden both in water and in open air. They are produced by mixing electric-furnace slag or furnace clinkers with some solutions of alkaline metals (to trigger alkaline reaction), or by mixing together all these agents.

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Turkmen, Ibrahim, M. Murat Maras, Mehmet Burhan Karakoc, Ramazan Demirboga, and Fatih Kantarci. "Fire resistance of geopolymer concrete produced from Ferrochrome slag by alkali activation method." In 2013 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2013.6749726.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Slag resistance"

SUGAMA, T., L. E. BROTHERS, and T. R. VAN DE PUTTE. EFFECT OF QUARTZ/MULLITE BLEND CERAMIC ADDITIVE ON IMPROVING RESISTANCE TO ACID OF SODIUM SILICATE-ACTIVATED SLAG CEMENT. CELCIUS BRINE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/875883.

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Adams, Caitlin J., Baishakhi Bose, Ethan Mann, Kendra A. Erk, Ali Behnood, Alberto Castillo, Fabian B. Rodriguez, Yu Wang, and Jan Olek. Superabsorbent Polymers for Internally Cured Concrete. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317366.

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Two commercial superabsorbent polymer (SAP) formulations were used to internally cure cement pastes, mortars, and concretes with a range of water-to-cement ratios (w/c 0.35–0.52). The following properties were determined as a function of cement chemistry and type, use of chemical admixtures, use of slag, and batching parameters: SAP absorption capacity, fresh mixture workability and consistency, degree of hydration, volumetric stability, cracking tendency, compressive and flexural strength, and pumpability. SAP internal curing agents resulted in cementitious mixtures with improved hydration, accelerated strength gain, greater volumetric stability, and improved cracking resistance while maintaining sufficient workability to be pumped and placed without sacrificing compressive or flexural strength. When using SAP, batching adjustments prioritized the use of water reducing admixture instead of extra water to tune workability. While the benefits of SAP internal curing agents for low w/c mixtures were expected, SAP-containing mixtures with w/c ≥ 0.42 displayed accelerated strength development and decreased cracking tendency.

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Wang, K., J. He, E. E. Davis, and C. Goldfinger. Stresses in the Juan de Fuca plate and the role of mantle resistance to horizontal slab motion. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/222540.

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PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE RESISTANCE OF STEEL FRAMED BUILDINGS UNDER EXTREME EVENTS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.10.

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This paper presents experimental and theoretical investigations on progressive collapse behavior of steel framed structures subjected to an extreme load such as fire, blast and impact. A new capacity-based index is proposed to quantify robustness of structures. An energy-based theoretical model is also proposed to quantify the effect of concrete slabs on collapse resistance of structures. The experimental results show that the dynamic amplification factors of frames subject to impact or blast are much less than the conventional value of 2.0. The collapse process of frames in fire can be either static or dynamic depending on the restraint conditions and load levels. It is necessary to account for the failure time and residual strength of blast-exposed columns for assessing the collapse resistance of structures subject to explosion. Two collapse modes of steel frames under blast or impact are found: connection-induced collapse mode and column-induced collapse mode. In case of fire, a frame may collapse due to either column buckling or pulling-in effect of beams. The energy dissipation from elongation of slab reinforcement and additional resultant moment greatly contribute to the collapse resistance of structures.

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