Статті в журналах: "Skull modeling"

1

Sadleir, R. J., and A. Argibay. "Modeling Skull Electrical Properties." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 35, no. 10 (July 14, 2007): 1699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-007-9343-5.

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2

Silver, M., A. Denker, and M. Nùñez. "MODERN VISUALIZATION BY DIGITALLY MODELING NEOLITHIC CRAFTED HUMAN SKULLS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-M-1-2023 (June 23, 2023): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-m-1-2023-245-2023.

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Abstract. Our digital modeling in 3D aims to visualize Neolithic crafted skulls found in the Near East for their preservation and study taking into account both the possibilities of skull deformation in vivo as well as crafting them postmortem. Decapitation and burying or caching human skulls is met already in Palaeolithic contexts. Postmortem cranial crafting by drilling and carving, or modelling with plaster and asphalt using human skulls as basis was practiced in the Near East during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and Late Neolithic period. The first examples of plastered human skulls were discovered at Jericho in the 1950s, then belonging to Jordan, after which to Israel and now to the Palestinian territories. Similar skulls were later found in various sites in the Near East. The examples digitally reconstructed here include skulls from Göbekli Tepe and Köşk Höyük found in Turkey, from the cave at Nahal Hemar at the Dead Sea in the Judean mountains of Israel and skulls from Jericho in the Palestinian territories. Both drawings and photographs were used in digitally reconstructing the skulls in 3D. The Blender software allowed us to sculpt the complex shape of the skull from a base mesh. Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) rendering sped up rendering thanks to Nvidia graphics cards. UV mapping was carried out for importing the texture. The visualization enabled us to make further anthropological observations. Beside the generally acknowledged Neolithic "skull cult" we also wish briefly to discuss other reasons for the phenomena and practices.

3

Drainville, Robert Andrew, Sylvain Chatillon, David Moore, John Snell, Frederic Padilla, and Cyril Lafon. "A simulation study on the sensitivity of transcranial ray-tracing ultrasound modeling to skull properties." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 2 (August 1, 2023): 1211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0020761.

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In transcranial focused ultrasound therapies, such as treating essential tremor via thermal ablation in the thalamus, acoustic energy is focused through the skull using a phased-array transducer. Ray tracing is a computationally efficient method that can correct skull-induced phase aberrations via per-element phase delay calculations using patient-specific computed tomography (CT) data. However, recent studies show that variations in CT-derived Hounsfield unit may account for only 50% of the speed of sound variability in human skull specimens, potentially limiting clinical transcranial ultrasound applications. Therefore, understanding the sensitivity of treatment planning methods to material parameter variations is essential. The present work uses a ray-tracing simulation model to explore how imprecision in model inputs, arising from clinically significant uncertainties in skull properties or considerations of acoustic phenomena, affects acoustic focusing quality through the skull. We propose and validate new methods to optimize ray-tracing skull simulations for clinical treatment planning, relevant for predicting intracranial target's thermal rise, using experimental data from ex-vivo human skulls.

4

Kuffel, Charles W. "Orthotic Modeling of the Developing Skull." JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 16, Supplement (October 2004): S15—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008526-200410001-00006.

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5

Yu, Wei, Maoqing Li, and Xin Li. "Fragmented skull modeling using heat kernels." Graphical Models 74, no. 4 (July 2012): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod.2012.03.011.

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6

Inou, Norio, Michihiko Koseki, and Koutarou Maki. "Patient Specific Finite Element Modeling of a Human Skull." Advances in Science and Technology 49 (October 2006): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.49.227.

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This paper presents automated finite element modeling method and application to a biomechanical study. The modeling method produces a finite element model based on the multi-sliced image data adaptively controlling the element size according to complexity of local bony shape. The method realizes a compact and precise finite element model with a desired total number of nodal points. This paper challenges to apply this method to a human skull because of its intricate structure. To accomplish the application of the human skull, we analyze characteristics of bony shape for a mandible and a skull. Using the analytical results, we demonstrate that the proposed modeling method successfully generates a precise finite element model of the skull with fine structures.

7

ABE, Yoshihisa, Kensuke SASSA, Mamoru KUWABARA, and Shigeo ASAI. "Mathematical Modeling of Skull and Pool Formation in High-frequency Induction Skull Melting." Tetsu-to-Hagane 85, no. 1 (1999): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.85.1_1.

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8

Grant, Jonathan R., John S. Rhee, Frank A. Pintar, and Narayan Yoganandan. "Modeling Mechanisms of Skull Base Injury for Drivers in Motor Vehicle Collisions." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 137, no. 2 (August 2007): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2007.04.005.

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OBJECTIVE: To develop biomechanical variable models for driver skull base injury mechanisms in motor vehicle collisions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective database review. METHODS: Biomechanical collision variables and safety restraint data were analyzed for Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network skull base trauma subjects enrolled during the recruitment period between 1996 and 2005. RESULTS: For drivers satisfying inclusion criteria (n = 26), injury resulted from contact with rigid vehicle structural elements in 82%, and occurred in 50% despite both seatbelt and air bags. Eight percent used neither seatbelts nor air bags. Seventy-two percent involved vector velocity changes greater than 30 mph. The relative morbidity of skull base injuries was also detailed. CONCLUSION: The majority of driver skull base injuries resulted from contact with rigid vehicle structural elements in high velocity crashes. Seatbelt and air bag use could not be definitively correlated with skull base injury. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Injury mechanism models can be developed that facilitate further investigations to determine impact and scope on a national scale.

9

Bell, Jeff J., Lu Xu, Hong Chen, and Yun Jing. "Validation of mSOUND using a fully heterogeneous skull model." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027388.

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Transcranial ultrasound has found an increasing number of applications in recent years, including the treatment of neurological conditions through thermal ablation and neuromodulation. Ensuring the success and safety of such treatments necessitates precise numerical simulations of transcranial ultrasound, a pivotal aspect of treatment planning involving phase correction. Addressing this demand, an open-source wave solver named mSOUND (https://m-sound.github.io/mSOUND/home) was developed specifically for modeling focused ultrasound in heterogeneous media. A recent intercomparison study (J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 152, 1003–1019, 2022) scrutinized mSOUND alongside other wave solvers like k-Wave, demonstrating its accuracy in modeling wave propagation through a homogeneous skull. This study extends the assessment to evaluate mSOUND's accuracy in modeling wave propagation through a fully heterogeneous skull, utilizing CT images of an ex vivo human skull. The obtained results are systematically compared with those from k-Wave, revealing a high level of agreement.

10

Chen, Yi-Wen, Cheng-Ting Shih, Chen-Yang Cheng, and Yu-Cheng Lin. "Solving the Prosthesis Modeling for Skull Repair Through Differential Evolution Algorithm." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 2701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3884.

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Cranial defects can result in compromised physical protection for the brain and a how risky the brain infection is. Cranioplasty is commonly performed by doing the bone graft onto the deficient area or areas and/or using the metal to support them for restoring the cranial cavity integrity and maintain the physiological intracranial pressure stability. Nowadays, the suitable shape of skull prosthesis can be created and operated precisely and efficiently during cranioplasty process, because the technological development of additive manufacturing or 3D printing. Additive manufacturing has great potential in regard to addressing irregular cranial defects because it can be used to create customized shapes rapidly. However, an unsuitable cranial prosthesis that made from synthetic polymer or a metal implantation will cause a serious infections, and required additional surgery. This paper proposes a geometric model of skull defects by using the superellipse and Differential Evolution (DE). The defects of skill bones in each tomography slice can be modeled by superellipse. The DE optimizes the parameters of superellipse to emulate and compensate the suitable curvature. In a rapid 2D image process and 3D cranial model construction system, the clinical surgeons’ ability is determining, processing, and implanting a customized prosthesis for patients just in a short time in surgery and with maximum surgical quality, especially in emergency cases.

11

Ren, Lihai, Dangdang Wang, Xi Liu, Huili Yu, Chengyue Jiang, and Yuanzhi Hu. "Influence of Skull Fracture on Traumatic Brain Injury Risk Induced by Blunt Impact." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072392.

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This study is aimed at investigating the influence of skull fractures on traumatic brain injury induced by blunt impact via numerous studies of head–ground impacts. First, finite element (FE) damage modeling was implemented in the skull of the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS), and the skull fracture prediction performance was validated against a head–ground impact experiment. Then, the original head model of the THUMS was assigned as the control model without skull element damage modeling. Eighteen (18) head–ground impact models were established using these two FE head models, with three head impact locations (frontal, parietal, and occipital regions) and three impact velocities (25, 35, and 45 km/h). The predicted maximum principal strain and cumulative strain damage measure of the brain tissue were employed to evaluate the effect of skull fracture on the cerebral contusion and diffuse brain injury risks, respectively. Simulation results showed that the skull fracture could reduce the risk of diffuse brain injury risk under medium and high velocities significantly, while it could increase the risk of brain contusion under high-impact velocity.

12

Shin, James, Jonathan Forbes, Kurt Lehner, Hilarie Tomasiewicz, Theodore H. Schwartz, and C. Phillips. "Skull Base 3D Modeling of Rigid Buttress for Gasket-Seal Closure Using Operative Endoscopic Imaging: Cadaveric Feasibility." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 80, no. 01 (July 20, 2018): 067–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1667023.

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AbstractSurgical defect closure following endonasal transsphenoidal tumor resection is a critical component of procedural success. Three-dimensional (3D) modeling of relevant skull base anatomy during resection can potentially facilitate design of a custom rigid buttress for gasket-seal closure; however, access to conventional cross-sectional imaging intraoperatively is limited and cumbersome. Endoscopic imaging, by contrast, is always available. This work demonstrates the feasibility of 3D modeling of the visible skull base through structure-from-motion photogrammetric postprocessing techniques, providing a suitable template to design a gasket-seal buttress. Additionally, endoscopic 3D reconstruction of skull base surface anatomy may represent a more robust depiction of the surgical defect than is available by conventional 3D modeling with computed tomography, which suboptimally recapitulates very thin bones and mucosal surfaces typical of this regional anatomy.

13

Mohammadi, Leila, Hamid Behnam, Jahan Tavakkoli, and Mohammad Avanaki. "Skull’s Photoacoustic Attenuation and Dispersion Modeling with Deterministic Ray-Tracing: Towards Real-Time Aberration Correction." Sensors 19, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19020345.

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Although transcranial photoacoustic imaging has been previously investigated by several groups, there are many unknowns about the distorting effects of the skull due to the impedance mismatch between the skull and underlying layers. The current computational methods based on finite-element modeling are slow, especially in the cases where fine grids are defined for a large 3-D volume. We develop a very fast modeling/simulation framework based on deterministic ray-tracing. The framework considers a multilayer model of the medium, taking into account the frequency-dependent attenuation and dispersion effects that occur in wave reflection, refraction, and mode conversion at the skull surface. The speed of the proposed framework is evaluated. We validate the accuracy of the framework using numerical phantoms and compare its results to k-Wave simulation results. Analytical validation is also performed based on the longitudinal and shear wave transmission coefficients. We then simulated, using our method, the major skull-distorting effects including amplitude attenuation, time-domain signal broadening, and time shift, and confirmed the findings by comparing them to several ex vivo experimental results. It is expected that the proposed method speeds up modeling and quantification of skull tissue and allows the development of transcranial photoacoustic brain imaging.

14

Frank-Ito, Dennis O., Mirabelle Sajisevi, C. Arturo Solares, and David W. Jang. "Modeling Alterations in Sinonasal Physiology after Skull Base Surgery." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 29, no. 2 (March 2015): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4150.

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15

Hammer, Beat, Christoph Zizelmann, and Kai Scheufler. "Solid modeling in surgery of the anterior skull base." Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 21, no. 1 (March 2010): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2009.06.008.

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16

Wan, Weibing, and Pengfei Shi. "Scaffold Modeling Application in the Repair of Skull Defects." Artificial Organs 34, no. 4 (April 2010): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00845.x.

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17

Cordon, O., S. Damas, and J. Santamaria. "Modeling the Skull–Face Overlay Uncertainty Using Fuzzy Sets." IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 19, no. 5 (October 2011): 946–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tfuzz.2011.2158220.

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18

Montes-Restrepo, Victoria, Pieter van Mierlo, Gregor Strobbe, Steven Staelens, Stefaan Vandenberghe, and Hans Hallez. "Influence of Skull Modeling Approaches on EEG Source Localization." Brain Topography 27, no. 1 (September 4, 2013): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10548-013-0313-y.

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19

Dannhauer, Moritz, Benjamin Lanfer, Carsten H. Wolters, and Thomas R. Knösche. "Modeling of the human skull in EEG source analysis." Human Brain Mapping 32, no. 9 (August 5, 2010): 1383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21114.

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20

Barbosa, Alcino, Fábio A. O. Fernandes, Ricardo J. Alves de Sousa, Mariusz Ptak, and Johannes Wilhelm. "Computational Modeling of Skull Bone Structures and Simulation of Skull Fractures Using the YEAHM Head Model." Biology 9, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9090267.

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The human head is a complex multi-layered structure of hard and soft tissues, governed by complex materials laws and interactions. Computational models of the human head have been developed over the years, reaching high levels of detail, complexity, and precision. However, most of the attention has been devoted to the brain and other intracranial structures. The skull, despite playing a major role in direct head impacts, is often overlooked and simplified. In this work, a new skull model is developed for the authors’ head model, the YEAHM, based on the original outer geometry, but segmenting it with sutures, diploë, and cortical bone, having variable thickness across different head sections and based on medical craniometric data. These structures are modeled with constitutive models that consider the non-linear behavior of skull bones and also the nature of their failure. Several validations are performed, comparing the simulation results with experimental results available in the literature at several levels: (i) local material validation; (ii) blunt trauma from direct impact against stationary skull; (iii) three impacts at different velocities simulating falls; (iv) blunt ballistic temporoparietal head impacts. Accelerations, impact forces, and fracture patterns are used to validate the skull model.

21

Sufianov, A. A., A. M. Mashkin, I. A. Iakimov, I. A. Gaisin, L. В. Ustiugova, and R. A. Sufianov. "Application of 3D Modeling and 3D Printing Methods in Preoperative Planning of Cranioplasty and Preoperative Personalized Training in Treatment Cranio-synostoses." Virtual Technologies in Medicine, no. 4 (January 12, 2023): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46594/2687-0037_2022_4_1442.

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On the example of a clinical case, we used software 3D modeling of the reconstruction of the shape of the skull of a child aged 2 years and 5 months with metopic craniosynostosis, as well as manual training using a craniotomy on an individual 3D model of the patient's skull before surgery. The use of a plastic 3D model of a particular patient made it possible to conduct a “trial, training operation” to work out the optimal osteotomy geometry. An intraoperative evaluation of the result obtained on a visual scanner was also carried out.Purpose of the study. Improving the result of surgical treatment of a child with metopic craniosynostosis using preoperative 3D planning and personalized simulation of a planned operation. For the purpose of preoperative planning we used an algorithm with the inclusion of 3D technologies: preoperative modeling on software, simulation of surgery on plastic models of the skull, surgical intervention along craniotomy lines, intraoperative visual scanning and assessment of the results of skull reconstruction.Conclusion. The preoperative 3D modeling of the skull formed a complete plan for individual reconstructive changes in the skull in our patient with metopic craniosynostosis over the age of two years, and allowed us to perform a “trial, training operation” on a plastic model to work out the optimal osteotomy geometry. This made it possible to provide the optimal technique for a real operation, speed up its implementation, reduce trauma and blood loss, the duration of anesthesia, and, in combination, improve the results of surgical treatment.

22

Szara, Tomasz, Daniel Klich, Anna M. Wójcik, and Wanda Olech. "Temporal Trends in Skull Morphology of the European Bison from the 1950s to the Present Day." Diversity 15, no. 3 (March 6, 2023): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15030377.

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The shape and size of the skull are determined by various factors. These factors act not only on single individuals in their ontogenesis, but can affect entire populations in the long term, thus determining developmental trends. The aim of this study was to determine whether the craniometric features of the European bison skull and their proportions are constant or change over time. In total, 1097 European bison skulls from the Mammal Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Warsaw University of Life Sciences were examined. It has been shown that almost all examined skull dimensions tend to decrease. The opposite phenomenon was observed for the height of the skull in males. The results of the work prove that European bison adapt to changing environmental conditions related to climate warming, food availability, and population density.

23

OGIHARA, Naomichi, Masato NAKATSUKASA, Yoshihiko NAKANO, and Hidemi ISHIDA. "Three-dimensional Computerized Modeling of the Skull of Proconsul heseloni." Primate Research 19, no. 3 (2003): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2354/psj.19.217.

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24

Prokhorenko, Oleg A. "Modeling of Glass Melting Process in Plasma-Fired Skull Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.485.

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The present paper describes an overview of mathematical modeling of the glass melting process inside an open-top skull furnace having DC plasma discharge as the primary energy source. This melting system has been developed by Plasmelt Glass Technologies LLC (Boulder, CO, USA). A mathematical model of intensive glass melting, which is a non-stationary state process, and corresponding software have been developed by modeling team of Laboratory of Glass Properties LLC (LGP). This mathematical model has been created in parallel with the development of the melting process itself. Having a fully operational pilot unit available the Plasmelt team had the possibility to compare behavior of a real melting system with that calculated by the model. Special attention was paid to accuracy of input data on both physical properties of glass and processing parameters. The influence of absorption of radiation in short- and near- IR ranges (0.6 – 2.6 µm) by the molten glass on some key process parameters (throughput and outflow molten glass temperature) has been studied. This work has become possible because of intensive work of the joint team: Ron Gonterman and Mike Weinstein (Plasmelt), Scott Parker (University of Colorado), Oleg Prokhorenko, Sergey Tarakanov, Sergey Chivilikhin, Marina Chistokolova and Roman Eroshkin (LGP) on task formulation, experimental runs, model development, testing and verification, and physical properties studies.

25

Smirnov, A. N., K. N. Sharandin, and A. Ya Lisun. "BVF-CONVERTER REFRACTORY WORKING LAYER SKULL PROTECTIVE WATING PROCESS MODELING." Izvestiya Visshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Chernaya Metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 55, no. 11 (January 1, 2012): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2012-11-43-48.

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26

Roberts, Erik, Kenneth Salisbury, Sonny Chan, and Nikolas H. Blevins. "Tissue Modeling in a Patient-Specific Skull Base Surgical Simulator." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 145, no. 2_suppl (August 2011): P230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811415823a312.

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27

Rosario Campomanes-Alvarez, B., Oscar Ibanez, Carmen Campomanes-Alvarez, Sergio Damas, and Oscar Cordon. "Modeling Facial Soft Tissue Thickness for Automatic Skull-Face Overlay." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 10, no. 10 (October 2015): 2057–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2015.2441000.

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28

Sahillioğlu, Yusuf, and Ladislav Kavan. "Skuller: A volumetric shape registration algorithm for modeling skull deformities." Medical Image Analysis 23, no. 1 (July 2015): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2015.03.005.

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29

Gupta, Shreyank, Guillaume Haïat, Catherine Laporte, and Pierre Bélanger. "Modeling wave propagation through the skull for ultrasonic transcranial Doppler." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970032.

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30

Sharma, Mehak, and Manoj Soni. "A Finite Element Modeling and Simulation of Human Temporomandibular Joint with and Without TM Disorders: An Indian Experience." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 347–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080303.

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Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is anatomically the most intricate joint which connects the lower jaw to the upper jaw and regulates jaw movements. It significantly deals with mastication and speech. It is hence imperative to study the mechanics and functioning of the jaw joint to devise alternative solutions for its replacement whenever required. Further, human skulls are anthropologically categorized into three types – African, Asian and European. Out of these, the Indian skull is also a bit different than its Asian counterparts because of its osteology and skeletal biology. Hence, a comprehensive biomechanical and computational study is essential to provide customized solutions. For the present study, four different loading conditions are selected to perform finite element analysis on the human skull, Anonymized and unidentifiable CT scan data sets from open-source web platforms are converted to STL and then 3D models using 3D slicer. Finite element analysis of jaw joint is carried out. Results based on Von Mises stress studies show significant behavioral differences under varying load conditions. Hence, it is crucial to identify solutions for TMJ disorders of the Indian population.

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Tran, Vi-Do, Tan-Nhu Nguyen, Abbass Ballit, and Tien-Tuan Dao. "Novel Baseline Facial Muscle Database Using Statistical Shape Modeling and In Silico Trials toward Decision Support for Facial Rehabilitation." Bioengineering 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2023): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10060737.

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Backgrounds and Objective: Facial palsy is a complex pathophysiological condition affecting the personal and professional lives of the involved patients. Sudden muscle weakness or paralysis needs to be rehabilitated to recover a symmetric and expressive face. Computer-aided decision support systems for facial rehabilitation have been developed. However, there is a lack of facial muscle baseline data to evaluate the patient states and guide as well as optimize the rehabilitation strategy. In this present study, we aimed to develop a novel baseline facial muscle database (static and dynamic behaviors) using the coupling between statistical shape modeling and in-silico trial approaches. Methods: 10,000 virtual subjects (5000 males and 5000 females) were generated from a statistical shape modeling (SSM) head model. Skull and muscle networks were defined so that they statistically fit with the head shapes. Two standard mimics: smiling and kissing were generated. The muscle strains of the lengths in neutral and mimic positions were computed and recorded thanks to the muscle insertion and attachment points on the animated head and skull meshes. For validation, five head and skull meshes were reconstructed from the five computed tomography (CT) image sets. Skull and muscle networks were then predicted from the reconstructed head meshes. The predicted skull meshes were compared with the reconstructed skull meshes based on the mesh-to-mesh distance metrics. The predicted muscle lengths were also compared with those manually defined on the reconstructed head and skull meshes. Moreover, the computed muscle lengths and strains were compared with those in our previous studies and the literature. Results: The skull prediction’s median deviations from the CT-based models were 2.2236 mm, 2.1371 mm, and 2.1277 mm for the skull shape, skull mesh, and muscle attachment point regions, respectively. The median deviation of the muscle lengths was 4.8940 mm. The computed muscle strains were compatible with the reported values in our previous Kinect-based method and the literature. Conclusions: The development of our novel facial muscle database opens new avenues to accurately evaluate the facial muscle states of facial palsy patients. Based on the evaluated results, specific types of facial mimic rehabilitation exercises can also be selected optimally to train the target muscles. In perspective, the database of the computed muscle lengths and strains will be integrated into our available clinical decision support system for automatically detecting malfunctioning muscles and proposing patient-specific rehabilitation serious games.

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Baert, E., F. Dewaele, D. Van Roost, and J. Caemaert. "Three dimensional methylacrylate and wax skull modeling preparing cranioplasty in the treatment of complex craniosynostosis and skull malformation." Surgical Neurology 71, no. 1 (January 2009): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surneu.2008.10.035.

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33

Sun, Huijie, Junli Zhao, Chengyuan Wang, Yi Li, Niankai Zhang, and Mingquan Zhou. "Skull ethnic classification by combining skull auxiliary image with deep learning." Quantitative Biology 10, no. 4 (2022): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.15302/j-qb-021-0269.

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34

Hunold, Alexander, Daniel Strohmeier, Patrique Fiedler, and Jens Haueisen. "Head phantoms for electroencephalography and transcranial electric stimulation: a skull material study." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 63, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2017-0069.

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Abstract Physical head phantoms allow the assessment of source reconstruction procedures in electroencephalography and electrical stimulation profiles during transcranial electric stimulation. Volume conduction in the head is strongly influenced by the skull, which represents the main conductivity barrier. Realistic modeling of its characteristics is thus important for phantom development. In the present study, we proposed plastic clay as a material for modeling the skull in phantoms. We analyzed five clay types varying in granularity and fractions of fire clay, each with firing temperatures from 550°C to 950°C. We investigated the conductivity of standardized clay samples when immersed in a 0.9% sodium chloride solution with time-resolved four-point impedance measurements. To test the reusability of the clay model, these measurements were repeated after cleaning the samples by rinsing in deionized water for 5 h. We found time-dependent impedance changes for approximately 5 min after immersion in the solution. Thereafter, the conductivities stabilized between 0.0716 S/m and 0.0224 S/m depending on clay type and firing temperatures. The reproducibility of the measurement results proved the effectiveness of the rinsing procedure. Clay provides formability, is permeable to ions, can be adjusted in conductivity value and is thus suitable for the skull modeling in phantoms.

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Nguyen, Tan-Nhu, Vi-Do Tran, Ho-Quang Nguyen, Duc-Phong Nguyen, and Tien-Tuan Dao. "Enhanced head-skull shape learning using statistical modeling and topological features." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 60, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 559–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-021-02483-y.

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Hoang, Han, Anthony A. Bertrand, Allison C. Hu, and Justine C. Lee. "Simplifying Facial Feminization Surgery Using Virtual Modeling on the Female Skull." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 8, no. 3 (March 2020): e2618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/gox.0000000000002618.

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Knösche, T., B. Lanfer, M. Dannhauer, and C. H. Wolters. "Modeling the human skull using FEM – effects of errors and simplifications." Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology 43, no. 1 (January 2013): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2012.11.027.

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Grant, Jonathan R., and John S. Rhee. "10:50 AM: Modeling Mechanisms of Skull Base Injury for Drivers." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 135, no. 2_suppl (August 2006): P83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2006.06.477.

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Campomanes-Alvarez, Carmen, Ruben Martos-Fernandez, Caroline Wilkinson, Oscar Ibanez, and Oscar Cordon. "Modeling Skull-Face Anatomical/Morphological Correspondence for Craniofacial Superimposition-Based Identification." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 13, no. 6 (June 2018): 1481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2018.2791434.

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Yashin, K. S., R. D. Zinatullin, I. S. Bratsev, D. V. Dubrovskiy, A. Yu Ermolaev, M. V. Ostapyuk, M. A. Kutlaeva, M. V. Rasteryaeva, I. A. Medyanik, and L. Ya Kravets. "Resection of tumors of the cranial bones with single-step defect reconstruction using a personalized implant." Russian journal of neurosurgery 25, no. 4 (January 27, 2024): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1683-3295-2023-25-4-57-67.

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Background. In patients with skull bone tumors, it was demonstrated that not only the oncological but also the cosmetic result has a significant influence on the long-term outcome. The traditional approach to the surgical treatment of tumor lesions of the skull bones is removal of the tumor and intraoperative modeling an artificial bone flap without a template. Recently, the technology of simultaneous resection and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) cranioplasty has received more and more attention.Aim. To compare the results of surgical treatment of patients with tumors of the cranial bones using the traditional approach (intraoperative formation of a plate to close the defect) and simultaneous resection followed by plastic surgery of the defect with a personalized implant made using preoperative virtual modeling.Materials and methods. The study included 24 patients with tumors of the skull or meningiomas with extracranial growth. Depending on the surgical procedure, patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 13) – the technology of simultaneous resection and CAD/CAM cranioplasty; group 2 (n = 11) – where surgery was performed using a traditional approach based on intraoperative modeling an artificial bone flap without a template.Results. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in gender, age, time of surgery, blood loss, or time in hospital. The use of simultaneous resection and CAD/CAM cranioplasty did not demonstrate a statistically significant better result in terms of maintaining skull symmetry compared to the traditional approach. All patients had a good cosmetic result and there were no complications.Conclusion. The technology of simultaneous resection and CAD/CAM cranioplasty is an effective method of treating patients with neoplasmas of the skull bones. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in the results of treatment of cranial bone tumors between this method and the traditional approach based on intraoperative modeling an artificial bone flap without a template this method seems to be a more precise providing the best cosmetic effect in patients with lesion in fronto-orbital region.

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Pursiainen, S., S. Lew, and C. H. Wolters. "Forward and inverse effects of the complete electrode model in neonatal EEG." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00427.2016.

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This paper investigates finite element method-based modeling in the context of neonatal electroencephalography (EEG). In particular, the focus lies on electrode boundary conditions. We compare the complete electrode model (CEM) with the point electrode model (PEM), which is the current standard in EEG. In the CEM, the voltage experienced by an electrode is modeled more realistically as the integral average of the potential distribution over its contact surface, whereas the PEM relies on a point value. Consequently, the CEM takes into account the subelectrode shunting currents, which are absent in the PEM. In this study, we aim to find out how the electrode voltage predicted by these two models differ, if standard size electrodes are attached to a head of a neonate. Additionally, we study voltages and voltage variation on electrode surfaces with two source locations: 1) next to the C6 electrode and 2) directly under the Fz electrode and the frontal fontanel. A realistic model of a neonatal head, including a skull with fontanels and sutures, is used. Based on the results, the forward simulation differences between CEM and PEM are in general small, but significant outliers can occur in the vicinity of the electrodes. The CEM can be considered as an integral part of the outer head model. The outcome of this study helps understanding volume conduction of neonatal EEG, since it enlightens the role of advanced skull and electrode modeling in forward and inverse computations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The effect of the complete electrode model on electroencephalography forward and inverse computations is explored. A realistic neonatal head model, including a skull structure with fontanels and sutures, is used. The electrode and skull modeling differences are analyzed and compared with each other. The results suggest that the complete electrode model can be considered as an integral part of the outer head model. To achieve optimal source localization results, accurate electrode modeling might be necessary.

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Angla, Célestine, Benoit Larrat, Jean-Luc Gennisson, and Sylvain Chatillon. "Improved skull bone acoustic property homogenization for fast transcranial ultrasound simulations." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2768, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2768/1/012006.

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Abstract Transcranial ultrasound simulations are crucial to optimize and secure ultrasound interventions in brain therapy, depending on the patient skull. When performing such simulations, accurate modeling of the skull is essential, although very challenging, because of the inter/intra sample property variability. Simulations based on semi-analytical methods require a homogeneous description of the skull. Averaging the acoustic property maps derived from the CT scan does not modify the focus shift, but it leads to an overestimation of the pressure field amplitude. The purpose of this work is to provide a homogenization method that compensates for this amplitude overestimation. First, the skull acoustic property maps are segmented into a three-layer medium to represent the different types of skull bone (cortical – trabecular – cortical). Then, equivalent properties are computed so as to minimize the time of flight and transmission coefficient errors between the three-layer medium and the one-layer equivalent medium. This method was validated using 3D simulations with CIVA Healthcare and k-Wave and has proven to be very efficient.

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Rakhmatullin, Nail. "Auricle Modeling in Plastic Face Reconstruction on the Basis of the Skull." Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 3, no. 5 (September 20, 2013): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2013.3.5.155.168.

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Rampersad, Sumientra M., Dick F. Stegeman, and Thom F. Oostendorp. "Single-Layer Skull Approximations Perform Well in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Modeling." IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 21, no. 3 (May 2013): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnsre.2012.2206829.

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Duan, Fuqing, Donghua Huang, Yun Tian, Ke Lu, Zhongke Wu, and Mingquan Zhou. "3D face reconstruction from skull by regression modeling in shape parameter spaces." Neurocomputing 151 (March 2015): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2014.04.089.

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Yan, Gong Xing, and Xiao Rong Wang. "Three Dimensional Simulation and Repair of Skull Maxilla and Dentition Based on CT Scanning and Laser Sintering Technologies." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 1857–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1857.

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Obtain a prosthesis and carry out maxillofacial repair by rapid prototyping technology on the basis of three dimensional finite element model of maxilla skull and dentition which is obtained through preliminary restoration done on a skull exemplar as modeling material and through spiral CT scanning and three dimensional imaging technologies. Thus, a vivid restored three dimensional biomechanical model and prosthesis of maxilla skull and dentition is obtained, based on which, the form and functions can be restored well after repair. Individual defect model and prosthesis model can be built according to different plans designed for different patients. By which, a complete idea for maxilla and dentition repair can be achieved with pleasing in appearance on patients, low cost and less post-operative complications.

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Wang, Xiao Rong, and Shi Wei Chen. "Three Dimensional Simulation and Repair of Skull Maxilla and Dentition Based on CT Scanning and Laser Sintering Technologies." Applied Mechanics and Materials 233 (November 2012): 416–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.233.416.

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Obtain a prosthesis and carry out maxillofacial repair by rapid prototyping technology on the basis of three dimensional finite element model of maxilla skull and dentition which is obtained through preliminary restoration done on a skull exemplar as modeling material and through spiral CT scanning and three dimensional imaging technologies. Thus, a vivid restored three dimensional biomechanical model and prosthesis of maxilla skull and dentition is obtained, based on which, the form and functions can be restored well after repair. Individual defect model and prosthesis model can be built according to different plans designed for different patients. By which, a complete idea for maxilla and dentition repair can be achieved with pleasing in appearance on patients, low cost and less post-operative complications.

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Hejazi Nooghabi, Aida, Quentin Grimal, Anthony Herrel, Michael Reinwald, and Lapo Boschi. "Contribution of bone-reverberated waves to sound localization of dolphins: A numerical model." Acta Acustica 5 (December 21, 2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2020030.

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We implement a new algorithm to model acoustic wave propagation through and around a dolphin skull, using the k-Wave software package [1]. The equation of motion is integrated numerically in a complex three-dimensional structure via a pseudospectral scheme which, importantly, accounts for lateral heterogeneities in the mechanical properties of bone. Modeling wave propagation in the skull of dolphins contributes to our understanding of how their sound localization and echolocation mechanisms work. Dolphins are known to be highly effective at localizing sound sources; in particular, they have been shown to be equally sensitive to changes in the elevation and azimuth of the sound source, while other studied species, e.g. humans, are much more sensitive to the latter than to the former. A laboratory experiment conducted by our team on a dry skull [2] has shown that sound reverberated in bones could possibly play an important role in enhancing localization accuracy, and it has been speculated that the dolphin sound localization system could somehow rely on the analysis of this information. We employ our new numerical model to simulate the response of the same skull used by [2] to sound sources at a wide and dense set of locations on the vertical plane. This work is the first step towards the implementation of a new tool for modeling source (echo)location in dolphins; in future work, this will allow us to effectively explore a wide variety of emitted signals and anatomical features.

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MATVEEV, VLADISLAV EVGENIEVICH, and ROMAN ANDREEVICH ALEKSANOV. "COMPUTER VISUALIZATION OF THE APPEARANCE OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE AMUR REGION." Messenger AmSU, no. 95 (2021): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/jasu.95.9.

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In this paper, a comparison is made between two methods of computer reconstruction and visualization of human appearance on the example of the indigenous peoples of the Amur region. Visualization takes place using modeling from an average image of a person from a photograph and using direct reconstruction from human remains (skull). This work assumes knowledge in the field of information technology, including virtual modeling.

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Semyonov, Mikhail Georgievich, Vasily Vladimirovich Mihailov, Anastasia Victorovna Filippova, and Andrey Grigorievich Stetsenko. "3D Modeling and prototyping of jaw models as a stage of osteoreconstructive surgery on the facial part of the skull of children." Pediatric Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Reconstructive Surgery 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2015): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ptors3138-45.

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The article presents the results of surgical treatment of children with tumors, with postoperative facial deformities and defects of the skull secondary to tumors, using the technique of 3D modeling followed by prototyping of jaw models.

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