Готові списки джерел за темами / Skull modeling

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Skull modeling"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 липня 2024

Оновлено: 7 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Skull modeling":

Sadleir, R. J., and A. Argibay. "Modeling Skull Electrical Properties." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 35, no. 10 (July 14, 2007): 1699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-007-9343-5.

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Silver, M., A. Denker, and M. Nùñez. "MODERN VISUALIZATION BY DIGITALLY MODELING NEOLITHIC CRAFTED HUMAN SKULLS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-M-1-2023 (June 23, 2023): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-m-1-2023-245-2023.

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Abstract. Our digital modeling in 3D aims to visualize Neolithic crafted skulls found in the Near East for their preservation and study taking into account both the possibilities of skull deformation in vivo as well as crafting them postmortem. Decapitation and burying or caching human skulls is met already in Palaeolithic contexts. Postmortem cranial crafting by drilling and carving, or modelling with plaster and asphalt using human skulls as basis was practiced in the Near East during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic and Late Neolithic period. The first examples of plastered human skulls were discovered at Jericho in the 1950s, then belonging to Jordan, after which to Israel and now to the Palestinian territories. Similar skulls were later found in various sites in the Near East. The examples digitally reconstructed here include skulls from Göbekli Tepe and Köşk Höyük found in Turkey, from the cave at Nahal Hemar at the Dead Sea in the Judean mountains of Israel and skulls from Jericho in the Palestinian territories. Both drawings and photographs were used in digitally reconstructing the skulls in 3D. The Blender software allowed us to sculpt the complex shape of the skull from a base mesh. Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) rendering sped up rendering thanks to Nvidia graphics cards. UV mapping was carried out for importing the texture. The visualization enabled us to make further anthropological observations. Beside the generally acknowledged Neolithic "skull cult" we also wish briefly to discuss other reasons for the phenomena and practices.

Drainville, Robert Andrew, Sylvain Chatillon, David Moore, John Snell, Frederic Padilla, and Cyril Lafon. "A simulation study on the sensitivity of transcranial ray-tracing ultrasound modeling to skull properties." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 2 (August 1, 2023): 1211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0020761.

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In transcranial focused ultrasound therapies, such as treating essential tremor via thermal ablation in the thalamus, acoustic energy is focused through the skull using a phased-array transducer. Ray tracing is a computationally efficient method that can correct skull-induced phase aberrations via per-element phase delay calculations using patient-specific computed tomography (CT) data. However, recent studies show that variations in CT-derived Hounsfield unit may account for only 50% of the speed of sound variability in human skull specimens, potentially limiting clinical transcranial ultrasound applications. Therefore, understanding the sensitivity of treatment planning methods to material parameter variations is essential. The present work uses a ray-tracing simulation model to explore how imprecision in model inputs, arising from clinically significant uncertainties in skull properties or considerations of acoustic phenomena, affects acoustic focusing quality through the skull. We propose and validate new methods to optimize ray-tracing skull simulations for clinical treatment planning, relevant for predicting intracranial target's thermal rise, using experimental data from ex-vivo human skulls.

Kuffel, Charles W. "Orthotic Modeling of the Developing Skull." JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 16, Supplement (October 2004): S15—S17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008526-200410001-00006.

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Yu, Wei, Maoqing Li, and Xin Li. "Fragmented skull modeling using heat kernels." Graphical Models 74, no. 4 (July 2012): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod.2012.03.011.

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Inou, Norio, Michihiko Koseki, and Koutarou Maki. "Patient Specific Finite Element Modeling of a Human Skull." Advances in Science and Technology 49 (October 2006): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.49.227.

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This paper presents automated finite element modeling method and application to a biomechanical study. The modeling method produces a finite element model based on the multi-sliced image data adaptively controlling the element size according to complexity of local bony shape. The method realizes a compact and precise finite element model with a desired total number of nodal points. This paper challenges to apply this method to a human skull because of its intricate structure. To accomplish the application of the human skull, we analyze characteristics of bony shape for a mandible and a skull. Using the analytical results, we demonstrate that the proposed modeling method successfully generates a precise finite element model of the skull with fine structures.

ABE, Yoshihisa, Kensuke SASSA, Mamoru KUWABARA, and Shigeo ASAI. "Mathematical Modeling of Skull and Pool Formation in High-frequency Induction Skull Melting." Tetsu-to-Hagane 85, no. 1 (1999): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.85.1_1.

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Grant, Jonathan R., John S. Rhee, Frank A. Pintar, and Narayan Yoganandan. "Modeling Mechanisms of Skull Base Injury for Drivers in Motor Vehicle Collisions." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 137, no. 2 (August 2007): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2007.04.005.

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OBJECTIVE: To develop biomechanical variable models for driver skull base injury mechanisms in motor vehicle collisions. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective database review. METHODS: Biomechanical collision variables and safety restraint data were analyzed for Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network skull base trauma subjects enrolled during the recruitment period between 1996 and 2005. RESULTS: For drivers satisfying inclusion criteria (n = 26), injury resulted from contact with rigid vehicle structural elements in 82%, and occurred in 50% despite both seatbelt and air bags. Eight percent used neither seatbelts nor air bags. Seventy-two percent involved vector velocity changes greater than 30 mph. The relative morbidity of skull base injuries was also detailed. CONCLUSION: The majority of driver skull base injuries resulted from contact with rigid vehicle structural elements in high velocity crashes. Seatbelt and air bag use could not be definitively correlated with skull base injury. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Injury mechanism models can be developed that facilitate further investigations to determine impact and scope on a national scale.

Bell, Jeff J., Lu Xu, Hong Chen, and Yun Jing. "Validation of mSOUND using a fully heterogeneous skull model." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027388.

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Transcranial ultrasound has found an increasing number of applications in recent years, including the treatment of neurological conditions through thermal ablation and neuromodulation. Ensuring the success and safety of such treatments necessitates precise numerical simulations of transcranial ultrasound, a pivotal aspect of treatment planning involving phase correction. Addressing this demand, an open-source wave solver named mSOUND (https://m-sound.github.io/mSOUND/home) was developed specifically for modeling focused ultrasound in heterogeneous media. A recent intercomparison study (J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 152, 1003–1019, 2022) scrutinized mSOUND alongside other wave solvers like k-Wave, demonstrating its accuracy in modeling wave propagation through a homogeneous skull. This study extends the assessment to evaluate mSOUND's accuracy in modeling wave propagation through a fully heterogeneous skull, utilizing CT images of an ex vivo human skull. The obtained results are systematically compared with those from k-Wave, revealing a high level of agreement.

Chen, Yi-Wen, Cheng-Ting Shih, Chen-Yang Cheng, and Yu-Cheng Lin. "Solving the Prosthesis Modeling for Skull Repair Through Differential Evolution Algorithm." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 2701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3884.

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Cranial defects can result in compromised physical protection for the brain and a how risky the brain infection is. Cranioplasty is commonly performed by doing the bone graft onto the deficient area or areas and/or using the metal to support them for restoring the cranial cavity integrity and maintain the physiological intracranial pressure stability. Nowadays, the suitable shape of skull prosthesis can be created and operated precisely and efficiently during cranioplasty process, because the technological development of additive manufacturing or 3D printing. Additive manufacturing has great potential in regard to addressing irregular cranial defects because it can be used to create customized shapes rapidly. However, an unsuitable cranial prosthesis that made from synthetic polymer or a metal implantation will cause a serious infections, and required additional surgery. This paper proposes a geometric model of skull defects by using the superellipse and Differential Evolution (DE). The defects of skill bones in each tomography slice can be modeled by superellipse. The DE optimizes the parameters of superellipse to emulate and compensate the suitable curvature. In a rapid 2D image process and 3D cranial model construction system, the clinical surgeons’ ability is determining, processing, and implanting a customized prosthesis for patients just in a short time in surgery and with maximum surgical quality, especially in emergency cases.

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Дисертації з теми "Skull modeling":

Patel, Jayesh V. "Computer aided modeling and analysis of the human skull for varied impact loads." Ohio : Ohio University, 1993. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175719398.

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Andersson, Frida. "Finite Element Modeling of Skull Fractures : Material model improvements of the skull bone in theKTH FE head model." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192629.

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The main aim of this project was to develop a model for predicting skull fractures of a 50th percentile male, using a finite element head model developed at the Neuronics department of KTH, Royal Instituteof Technology. The skull bone is modeled as a three layered bone, where the outer and inner tables are modeled as shell elements, while the diploë is modeled by two layers of solid elements. The material model of the tables was changed from the material model MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC to a material model including a damage parameter to soften the damaged material and to enable ploting of the damage of the skull bone. Due to the coarse mesh of the FE head model the material model was not allowed to include any erosion, deleting element as they reach their ultimate strain. With these requests, two materials from the LS-DYNA material library seemed appropriate: material 81,MAT_PLASTICITY_WITH_DAMAGE and material 105, MAT_DAMAGE_2. To evaluate these materials and adjust the input parameters a dog bone FE model was developed and tension tests were simulated with this model, equivalent to tension tests performed on equally shaped skull bone specimens. The material simulating a behavior most similar to the behavior from the tension tests turned out to be material 81. This material model was then implemented in the full FE head model for further input parameter adjustment and validation. Four different cadaver experiments were simulated, with different impacting objects: sphere, box, cylinder and flat cylinder surface, and impacted areas of the head: vertex, temporo-parietal and frontal. The forces obtained in the simulations were compared to the forces of the cadaver experiments. The fracture prediction was based on the damage parameter, which could be plotted to visualize the areas where the ultimate strain was exceeded and thereby the area most likely to be fractured. This parameter was then compared to the documented fractures from the cadaver experiments. The result showed that using material 81 with the input parameter EPPFR=0.05 gave the overall most accurate forces and fracture predictions. The breaking stress, σB, did not affect the fractures significantly but a reduced σB resulted in reduction of the peak forces. The thickness of the diploë did not have any significant impact on the fracture occurrence, but a thinner diploë had a reducing impact on the peak forces as well.

Huang, Xu. "Modeling of scaffold for cleft-repairing through finite element analysis." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1530273324567169.

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Siegel, Alice. "Etude de l’interaction mécanique entre un dispositif médical implantable actif crânien et le crâne face à des sollicitations dynamiques." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0012.

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Dans le cadre du développement accru d’implants crâniens actifs, l’étude de la résistance du complexe crâne-implant face à des chocs modérés est nécessaire afin d’assurer la sécurité du patient. Le but de cette thèse est de quantifier l’interaction mécanique entre le crâne et l’implant afin de développer un modèle éléments finis prédictif utilisable pour la conception des futurs dispositifs. Dans un premier temps, des essais matériaux sur titane et silicone ont permis d’extraire les paramètres élastiques, plastiques et de viscosité de leurs lois de comportement. Ces paramètres ont ensuite été implémentés dans un modèle éléments finis de l’implant sous sollicitations dynamiques, validé par des essais de choc de 2,5 J. L’implant dissipe une partie de l’énergie du choc et le modèle obtenu permet d’optimiser la conception de l’implant afin qu’il reste fonctionnel et étanche après l’impact. La troisième partie porte sur l’élaboration d’un modèle éléments finis du complexe crâne-implant sous sollicitations dynamiques. Des essais sur têtes cadavériques ovines ont permis d’optimiser les paramètres d’endommagement du crâne. Le modèle complet du complexe crâne-implant, corrélé à des essais de choc, apporte des éléments de réponses sur le comportement du crâne implanté face un choc mécanique, permettant ainsi d’optimiser la conception de l’implant afin de garantir l’intégrité du crâne.Ce modèle représente un premier outil pour l’analyse de l’interaction mécanique entre crâne et implant actif, et permet de dimensionner ce dernier de sorte à garantir son fonctionnement et son étanchéité, tout en assurant l’intégrité du crâne
Active cranial implants are more and more developed to cure neurological diseases. In this context it is necessary to evaluate the mechanical resistance of the skull-implant complex under impact conditions as to ensure the patient’s security. The aim of this study is to quantify the mechanical interactions between the skull and the implant as to develop a finite element model for predictive purpose and for use in cranial implant design methodologies for future implants. First, material tests were necessary to identify the material law parameters of titanium and silicone. They were then used in a finite element model of the implant under dynamic loading, validated against 2.5 J-impact tests. The implant dissipates part of the impact energy and the model enables to optimize the design of implants for it to keep functional and hermetic after the impact. In the third part, a finite element model of the skull-implant complex is developed under dynamic loading. Impact tests on ovine cadaver heads are performed for model validation by enhancing the damage parameters of the three-layered skull and give insight into the behavior of the implanted skull under impact.This model is a primary tool for analyzing the mechanical interaction between the skull and an active implant and enables for an optimized design for functional and hermetic implants, while keeping the skull safe

Ghazzawi, Zaid. "Modelling of the craniofacial skeleton : an investigation of skull biomechanics." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/815/.

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Shearer, Samuel R. "Modeling second language change using skill retention theory." Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34742.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Loss of foreign language proficiency is a major concern for the Department of Defense (DoD). Despite significant expenditures to develop and sustain foreign language skills in the armed forces, the DoD has not been able to create a sufficient pool of qualified linguists. Many theories and hypotheses about the learning of foreign languages are not based on cognitive processes and lack the ability to explain how and why foreign language proficiency changes. This work analyzed 13 years of Defense Language Institute (DLI data) from over 16,000 military linguists to determine if cognitive-based skill retention theory can adequately explain foreign language change. Relationships between independent variables suggested by skill retention theory and second language change were investigated. Language proficiency and the length of time since DLI graduation demonstrated strong correlations with foreign language change. This research also affirms that decayed foreign language proficiency may be rapidly reacquired upon sufficient re-exposure to the target language. Additionally, this research proposes foreign language proficiency levels that must be attained to reduce language decay. The research findings are important since they may be used to determine a linguists language decay over time and will help schedule appropriate refresher training to reduce decay or maintain current foreign language proficiency.

Downey, Margaret J. "Effects of observer's experience and skill level on learning and performance in motor skill modeling." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70288.

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Expertise effects on response acquisition (learning) and performance reproduction (performance) (Bandura, 1986) in dance observational learning were investigated. Over an acquisition period, forty university students with varied movement backgrounds observed dance demonstrations, arranged still photos to represent the dances, and performed each dance. Learning was assessed via a pictorial-resequencing task. Dance performance accuracy and quality were evaluated via detailed analyses of videotaped performances. Results indicated that dance experts learn more and perform better than novices (p $<$.05) in a modeling situation, and learning and performance scores are positively correlated at a moderate level. Entry-level dance skill is the best present indicator of success in dance observational learning. Elementary instruction can improve beginner dancers' observational learning ability. The findings support Bandura's social cognitive theory of modeling (1986), extend the knowledge base related to the effects of expertise in motor skill acquisition, and have implications for dance and other motor skill educators.

Rafii-Tari, Hedyeh. "Modeling and skill assessment for robot-assisted endovascular catheterization." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38451.

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Endovascular techniques have been embraced as a minimally-invasive treatment approach within different disciplines of interventional radiology and cardiology. The current practice of endovascular procedures, however, is limited by a number of factors including exposure to high doses of X-ray radiation, limited 3D imaging, and lack of contact force sensing and haptic feedback from the endovascular tools and the vascular anatomy. More recently, development of robotic platforms have aimed to improve these practices by removing the operator from the radiation source and increasing the precision and stability of catheter motion with added degrees-of-freedom. Despite their increased application and a growing research interest in this area, many such systems have been designed without considering the natural manipulation skills and ergonomic preferences of the operators. Existing studies on tool interactions and behaviour patterns of operators have been very limited, and presently there is a lack of objective and quantitative metrics for performance and skill evaluation. This research proposes a framework for automated and objective assessment of endovascular skill, by measuring catheter-tissue contact forces and operator force/motion patterns across different skill levels, relating operator tool forces to catheter dynamics and forces exerted on the vasculature, and learning the underlying force and motion patterns that are characteristic of skill. Furthermore, a novel cooperative robotic catheterization system based on 'Learning-from-Demonstration' is developed, by utilizing a learning-based approach for generating optimum motion trajectories from multiple demonstrations of a catheterization task, as well as encoding the higher-level structure of a task as a sequence of primitive motions, to enable semi-autonomous catheter navigation within a collaborative setting. The results provide important insights into improving catheter navigation in the form of assistive or semi-autonomous robotics, and motivate the design of collaborative robots that are intuitive to use, while reducing the cognitive workload of the operator.

Zhao, Yuchen. "Human skill capturing and modelling using wearable devices." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27613.

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Industrial robots are delivering more and more manipulation services in manufacturing. However, when the task is complex, it is difficult to programme a robot to fulfil all the requirements because even a relatively simple task such as a peg-in-hole insertion contains many uncertainties, e.g. clearance, initial grasping position and insertion path. Humans, on the other hand, can deal with these variations using their vision and haptic feedback. Although humans can adapt to uncertainties easily, most of the time, the skilled based performances that relate to their tacit knowledge cannot be easily articulated. Even though the automation solution may not fully imitate human motion since some of them are not necessary, it would be useful if the skill based performance from a human could be firstly interpreted and modelled, which will then allow it to be transferred to the robot. This thesis aims to reduce robot programming efforts significantly by developing a methodology to capture, model and transfer the manual manufacturing skills from a human demonstrator to the robot. Recently, Learning from Demonstration (LfD) is gaining interest as a framework to transfer skills from human teacher to robot using probability encoding approaches to model observations and state transition uncertainties. In close or actual contact manipulation tasks, it is difficult to reliabley record the state-action examples without interfering with the human senses and activities. Therefore, wearable sensors are investigated as a promising device to record the state-action examples without restricting the human experts during the skilled execution of their tasks. Firstly to track human motions accurately and reliably in a defined 3-dimensional workspace, a hybrid system of Vicon and IMUs is proposed to compensate for the known limitations of the individual system. The data fusion method was able to overcome occlusion and frame flipping problems in the two camera Vicon setup and the drifting problem associated with the IMUs. The results indicated that occlusion and frame flipping problems associated with Vicon can be mitigated by using the IMU measurements. Furthermore, the proposed method improves the Mean Square Error (MSE) tracking accuracy range from 0.8˚ to 6.4˚ compared with the IMU only method. Secondly, to record haptic feedback from a teacher without physically obstructing their interactions with the workpiece, wearable surface electromyography (sEMG) armbands were used as an indirect method to indicate contact feedback during manual manipulations. A muscle-force model using a Time Delayed Neural Network (TDNN) was built to map the sEMG signals to the known contact force. The results indicated that the model was capable of estimating the force from the sEMG armbands in the applications of interest, namely in peg-in-hole and beater winding tasks, with MSE of 2.75N and 0.18N respectively. Finally, given the force estimation and the motion trajectories, a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based approach was utilised as a state recognition method to encode and generalise the spatial and temporal information of the skilled executions. This method would allow a more representative control policy to be derived. A modified Gaussian Mixture Regression (GMR) method was then applied to enable motions reproduction by using the learned state-action policy. To simplify the validation procedure, instead of using the robot, additional demonstrations from the teacher were used to verify the reproduction performance of the policy, by assuming human teacher and robot learner are physical identical systems. The results confirmed the generalisation capability of the HMM model across a number of demonstrations from different subjects; and the reproduced motions from GMR were acceptable in these additional tests. The proposed methodology provides a framework for producing a state-action model from skilled demonstrations that can be translated into robot kinematics and joint states for the robot to execute. The implication to industry is reduced efforts and time in programming the robots for applications where human skilled performances are required to cope robustly with various uncertainties during tasks execution.

Meador, Douglas P. "Modeling Training Effects on Task Performance Using a Human Performance Taxonomy." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1229535534.

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Книги з теми "Skull modeling":

Shute, Valerie J. Modeling individual differences in programming skill acquisition. Brooks Air Force Base, Tex: Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command, 1990.

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Jacobs, Stephen Paul. The CAD design studio: 3D modeling as a fundamental design skill. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.

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Jaffri, Syed Shahid Hussain. A system for modelling matching and interpretation of images of human skulls. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1993.

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Hynes, Stephen. Accounting for skill levels in recreational demand modelling using a clustered RUM approach. Galway: Department of Economics, National University of Ireland, Galway, 2005.

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Wells, Patricia Beckmann. Face It: A Visual Reference for Multi-Ethnic Facial Modeling. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Wells, Patricia Beckmann. Face It: A Visual Reference for Multi-Ethnic Facial Modeling. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Walker, Douglas W. Effects of rhythmic modeling on sports skill acquisition. 1987.

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Walker, Douglas W. Effects of rhythmic modeling on sports skill acquisition. 1987.

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Modeling, motivational orientation, and motor skill learning: An integrated approach. 1995.

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Wornalkiewicz, Władysław, and Roman Szarawara. Techniki rozwiązań optymalizacyjnych. Poltava Institute of Economics and Law of the Open International University of Human Development "Ukraine", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36994/978-966-388-674-9-2023-243.

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The optimization of economic and management decisions is making its way faster and faster. IT tools in this area are becoming generally available in a number of packages. This is an incentive to conduct optimization exercises with students of economics and other faculties directly on their increasingly better laptops. This skill is then easily transferred to the practice of companies where graduates of specific universities work or take up employment. This book presents specific examples of the use of popular computer applications such as: Excel Solver, WinQSB modules, Promethee-Gaia, optimization module in the R package. An introduction to more complex procedures for formulating decision-making tasks, to the mentioned programs, are presented in the initial chapters of this book. , teaching examples using primarily the capabilities of Solver and the fairly extensive functionality of the WinQSB package. After mastering the IT technique of simpler optimization tasks, the reader can undertake testing of the traveling salesman problems, transport routing, or optimization of logistics services presented in this study. However, efficient formulation of decision-making tasks requires preparation in econometric modeling and procedures for improving management processes, hence publications, among others, in this field are presented as a supplement.

Частини книг з теми "Skull modeling":

Mikic, Nikola, and Anders R. Korshoej. "Improving Tumor-Treating Fields with Skull Remodeling Surgery, Surgery Planning, and Treatment Evaluation with Finite Element Methods." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 63–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_4.

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AbstractTumor-treating fields (TTFields) are alternating fields (200 kHz) used to treat glioblastoma (GBM), which is one of the deadliest cancer diseases of all. Glioblastoma is a type of malignant brain cancer, which causes significant neurological deterioration and reduced quality of life, and for which there is currently no curative treatment. TTFields were recently introduced as a novel treatment modality in addition to surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The fields are induced noninvasively using two pairs of electrode arrays placed on the scalp. Due to low electrical conductivity, significant currents are shielded from the intracranial space, potentially compromising treatment efficacy. Recently, skull remodeling surgery (SR-surgery) was proposed to address this issue. SR-surgery comprises the formation of skull defects or thinning of the skull over the tumor to redirect currents toward the pathology and focally enhance the field intensity. Safety and feasibility of this concept were validated in a clinical phase 1 trial (OptimalTTF-1), which also indicated promising survival benefits. This chapter describes the FE methods used in the OptimalTTF-1 trial to plan SR-surgery and assess treatment efficacy. We will not present detailed modeling results from the trial but rather general concepts of model development and field calculations. Readers are kindly referred to Wenger et al. [1] for a more general overview of the clinical implications and applications of TTFields modeling.

Inou, Norio, Michihiko Koseki, and Koutarou Maki. "Patient Specific Finite Element Modeling of a Human Skull." In Advances in Science and Technology, 227–34. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908158-05-2.227.

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Li, Yifan, Chao Li, Yiran Wei, Stephen Price, Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb, and Xi Chen. "G-CNN: Adaptive Geometric Convolutional Neural Networks for MRI-Based Skull Stripping." In Computational Mathematics Modeling in Cancer Analysis, 21–30. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45087-7_3.

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Xie, Yangjie, and Rongqian Yang. "Intraoperative Accurate Automatic Modeling of Skull Defects with Neuronavigation System." In Human Brain and Artificial Intelligence, 121–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1398-5_9.

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Laksari, K., S. Assari, and K. Darvish. "Modeling Linear Head Impact and the Effect of Brain-Skull Interface." In IFMBE Proceedings, 437–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14998-6_111.

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Stavness, Ian, Mohammad Ali Nazari, Cormac Flynn, Pascal Perrier, Yohan Payan, John E. Lloyd, and Sidney Fels. "Coupled Biomechanical Modeling of the Face, Jaw, Skull, Tongue, and Hyoid Bone." In 3D Multiscale Physiological Human, 253–74. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6275-9_11.

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Mikic, N., F. Cao, F. L. Hansen, A. M. Jakobsen, A. Thielscher, and A. R. Korshøj. "Standardizing Skullremodeling Surgery and Electrode Array Layout to Improve Tumor Treating Fields Using Computational Head Modeling and Finite Element Methods." In Brain and Human Body Modelling 2021, 19–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15451-5_2.

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AbstractSkullremodeling surgery (SR-surgery) includes removing bone from the skull to enhance TTFields. In our phase 1 trial (NCT02893137) we tested multiple SR-configurations (craniectomy, burrholes, and skull thinning) with TTFields concluding it to be safe. To examine the efficacy, we recently initiated an investigator-initiated, randomized, comparative, multi-center phase 2 trial (NCT04223999).To ensure uniformity, SR-surgery will be standardized to 5 burrholes of 15 mm diameter placed cross-diagonally in a 45×45 mm square above the tumor. The configuration was chosen as a combination of maximizing the overall cm3 while not compromising patient safety.To create a standard operating procedure for the trial, we wanted to examine how the electric field was affected by this SR-surgery configuration, its location, and the electrode array placement. We created E-field simulations based on a computational head model, that mimicked a trial patient’s tumor resection cavity, residual tumor, and SR-surgery. SR-surgery was virtually applied at several locations with different electrode positions to investigate the impact on the electric field in the residual tumor tissue, resection cavity, and grey- and white matter. The electrode arrays were moved by 15-degree stepwise rotation around a central craniocaudal axis in the same horizontal plane, corresponding to 0–180 degrees for a total of 13 different positions. Control simulations without SR-surgery were also performed.In general, we found that SR-surgery increased the electric field strength significantly in the residual tumor and resection cavity with minimal effect on the healthy white and grey matter tissue. The highest electric field values were observed in the residual tumor and resection cavity when the burrholes were placed directly above the pathological tissue and the edge electrodes of both pairs were placed on top or close to the burrholes with the reference electrode directly opposite on the head.

Gentilal, Nichal, Ricardo Salvador, and Pedro Cavaleiro Miranda. "A Thermal Study of Tumor-Treating Fields for Glioblastoma Therapy." In Brain and Human Body Modeling 2020, 37–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45623-8_3.

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AbstractTumor-treating fields (TTFields) is an antimitotic cancer treatment technique used for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and malignant pleural mesothelioma. Although the frequency used is not as high as in hyperthermia, temperature increases due to the Joule effect might be meaningful given the necessary time that these fields should be applied for. Post hoc analysis of the EF-11 clinical trial showed higher median overall survival in patients whose compliance was at least 18 h per day. To quantify these temperature increases and predict the thermal impact of TTFields delivery to the head, we used a realistic model created from MR images segmented in five tissues: scalp, skull, CSF, gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM). Through COMSOL Multiphysics, we solved Laplace’s equation for the electric field and Pennes’ equation for the temperature distribution. To mimic the therapy as realistically as possible, we also considered complete current shutdown whenever any transducer reached 41 °C to allow transducers and tissues’ temperature to decrease. Our results indicate an intermittent operation of Optune due to this necessary current shutdown. Localized temperature increases were seen, especially underneath the regions where the transducers were placed. Maximum temperature values were around 41.5 °C on the scalp and 38 °C on the brain. According to the literature, significant thermal impact is only predicted for the brain where the rise in temperature may lead to an increased BBB permeability and variation in the blood flow and neurotransmitter concentration. Additionally, our results showed that if the injected current is reduced by around 25% compared to Optune’s standard way of operating, then uninterrupted treatment might be attainable. These predictions might be used to improve TTFields delivery in real patients and to increase awareness regarding possible thermal effects not yet reported elsewhere.

Winkels, Radboud G. F. "Modelling Skill Learning." In Cognitive Modelling and Interactive Environments in Language Learning, 53–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77575-8_7.

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Yu, Lei, Jianning Li, and Jan Egger. "PCA-Skull: 3D Skull Shape Modelling Using Principal Component Analysis." In Towards the Automatization of Cranial Implant Design in Cranioplasty II, 105–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92652-6_9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Skull modeling":

Underwood, Grace, Andras Lasso, Gernot Kronreif, Gabor Fichtinger, and Tamas Ungi. "Ultrasound imaging of the posterior skull for neurosurgical registration." In Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, edited by Robert J. Webster and Baowei Fei. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2293241.

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You, Fei, Qingxi Hu, Yuan Yao, and Qi Lu. "A New Modeling Method on Skull Defect Repair." In 2009 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2009.196.

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Fu, Dong, Yan Chen, Chenn Q. Zhou, Yongfu Zhao, Louis W. Lherbier, and John G. Grindey. "CFD Modeling of Skull Formation in a Blast Furnace Hearth." In ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2012-58394.

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The formation of the protective layer of solidified metal (skull) is critical to the blast furnace hearth operation. Enhancement of the formation of the skull layer could extend the hearth lining life and blast furnace campaign. In this paper, a CFD model that consists of solidification, flow, heat transfer has been utilized to simulate the skull formation phenomena in a blast furnace hearth. The heat transfer characteristics and temperature distribution of the skull and refractory brick has been investigated. The simulated results are comparable with operating experience of U. S. Steel blast furnaces. Parametric study includes lining property and structure, cooling water temperature and flow rate, hot metal (HM) temperature and the production rate, as well as cast practice.

Zhao, Wei, Mei Xie, Jingjing Gao, and Tao Li. "A Modified Skull-Stripping Method Based on Morphological Processing." In 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation (ICCMS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccms.2010.277.

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Sun, Weiqian, Heng Wang, Jianxu Zhang, Tianyi Yan, and Guangying Pei. "Multi-layer skull modeling and importance for tDCS simulation." In BIC 2021: 2021 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Intelligent Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3448748.3448788.

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Clarke, Travis J., Raphael Banoub, Sana H. Siddiqui, Glen D'Souza, Victor Jegede, Meigi Luo, and Joseph Curry. "3D Modeling of Lacrimal SAC Tumor Growth Patterns." In 32nd Annual Meeting North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1762156.

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Lai, Marco, Caifeng Shan, Drazenko Babic, Robert Homan, Adrian Elmi Terander, Erik Edstrom, Oscar Persson, Gustav Burstrom, and Peter H. N. de With. "Image fusion on the endoscopic view for endo-nasal skull-base surgery." In Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, edited by Baowei Fei and Cristian A. Linte. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2512734.

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Li, Jianning, Antonio Pepe, Christina Gsaxner, and Jan Egger. "An online platform for automatic skull defect restoration and cranial implant design." In Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, edited by Cristian A. Linte and Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2580719.

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Yildiz, Ahmet, Timothy Minicozzi, Franklin King, Fumirato Masaki, Garth Rees Cosgrove, Walid Ibn Essayed, and Nobuhiko Hata. "Skull-mounted guidance device for intraoperative CT-guided DBS of neurodegenerative diseases." In Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling, edited by Cristian A. Linte and Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2611426.

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Wei, Li, Wei Yu, Maoqing Li, and Xin Li. "Skull Assembly and Completion Using Template-Based Surface Matching." In 2011 International Conference on 3D Imaging, Modeling, Processing, Visualization and Transmission (3DIMPVT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dimpvt.2011.59.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Skull modeling":

Lipphardt, B. L., and Jr. Numerical Modeling Study of the Gulf of Mexico Basin: Skill Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada316026.

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Kirwan, A. D. Numerical Modeling Study of the Gulf of Mexico Basin: Skill Assessment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327750.

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Walmsley, Terrie, S. Amer Ahmed, and Christopher Parsons. A Global Bilateral Migration Data Base: Skilled Labor, Wages and Remittances. GTAP Research Memoranda, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm06.

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The lack of data on the movement of people, their wages and remittances has been the biggest impediment to the analysis of temporary and permanent migration between countries. Recent efforts in this area by Parsons, Skeldon, Walmsley and Winters (2005) to construct a global bilateral matrix of foreign born populations; and by Docquier and Markouk (2004) on the education levels of migrant labor have significantly improved the data available for analysis. In this paper these new databases (Parsons et al, 2005 and Docquier and Markouk, 2004) are employed to construct a globally consistent database of bilateral population, labor by skill, wages and remittances which can be used for modeling migration issues . Although the new databases have significantly improved access to migration data, data on the skills of migrant labor are incomplete and bilateral remittances data is unavailable. This paper examines the underlying data available, and then outlines the techniques used and the assumptions made to construct bilateral data on migrant labor by skills, remittances and wages. Once constructed the relationships within the migration data are examined. We draw on work undertaken on trade intensity indexes by Brown (1949), Kojima (1964), and Drysdale and Garnaut (1982) to analyze the intensity of labor migration between host and home country pairs. The results confirm that skilled labor migration is considerably more important than unskilled migration and that people migrate to both developed and developing economies. A method for further examining the reasons for the intensities is provided which decomposes the intensity indexes into a regional bias, a selection-skill bias and a region-skill bias. The decomposition shows that there are substantial regional biases in migration patterns resulting from historical ties and common borders. These regional biases are much greater than those which exist in trade.

Powell, Alan. Why How and When did GTAP Happen? What has it Achieved? Where is it Heading? GTAP Working Paper, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp38.

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Presented at the 10th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, Purdue University, USA Team research has been much more widespread in the natural sciences than in economics. Yet when it comes to modeling an economy (especially the global economy) in detail, the quantity and range of inputs necessary makes team work the only viable option. Drawing some inspiration from Australian experience, GTAP’s founder, Tom Hertel, realized this from his Project’s inception in 1993. The data base required to model international trade flows could not have been developed without the enthusiastic cooperation of many individuals and institutions around the world. Funding GTAP’s central team at Purdue required external support. National agencies in Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, Japan, and the US are members of the supporting research consortium. The natural interest of international economic agencies led to GTAP having five such supporting agencies by 1997, which grew to ten by 2006. GTAP has striven to put the maximum feasible amount of its data, methodology and models into the public domain. It has run numerous residential intensive training courses in the use of the GTAP data and model: these have been held in the US, Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America. The success of these courses reflects the modeling experience of the teams of course instructors and the availability of special-purpose software which allows simulations to be run without programming skill or previous knowledge of the software used. Researchers making use of GTAP have been prolific in number, and in their output. In mid April 2007, applications on the GTAP web site numbered 781. There were 366 subscribers to the GTAP data base at the end of April 2007, but the number of individuals making use of GTAP data exceeded 4,000.

Nagahi, Morteza, Niamat Ullah Ibne Hossain, Safae El Amrani, Raed Jaradat, Laya Khademibami, Simon Goerger, and Randy Buchanan. Investigating the influence of demographics and personality types on practitioners' level of systems thinking skills. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43622.

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Although the application of systems thinking (ST) has become essential for practitioners when dealing with turbulent and complex environments, there are limited studies available in the current literature that investigate how the ST skills of practitioners vary with regard to demographic factors and personality types (PTs). To address this gap, this article uses a structural equation modeling approach to explore the relationship be-tween practitioners’ ST skills, PT, and a set of demographic factors. The demographic factors included in the study are education level, the field of the highest degree, organizational ownership structure, job experience, and current occupation type. A total of 99 engineering managers, 104 systems engineers (SEs), and 55 practitioners with other occupations participated in this article. Results showed that the education level, the field of the highest degree, PT, organizational ownership structure, and current job experience of practitioners influenced their level of ST skills. Additionally, the current occupation type of practitioners partially affects their level of ST skills. An in-depth analysis was also conducted using multiple group analysis to show how seven ST skills of the practitioners vary across their level of education. Taken together, the findings of the study suggest that PT and a set of demographic factors influence the overall ST skill of the practitioners.

Walmsley, Terrie, S. Amer Ahmed, and Christopher Parsons. The Impact of Liberalizing Labour Mobility in the Pacific Region. GTAP Working Paper, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp31.

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Due to the lack of political consensus at the previous General Agreement on Trade on Services (GATS), negotiations on the temporary movement of natural persons (Mode 4) have stagnated. However the recent labour shortages in several labour intensive sectors, particularly agriculture, in Australia and New Zealand has recently provoked a serious debate over the implementation of policies that would facilitate the supply and employment of guest workers. This paper implements a CGE model of bilateral migration flows (GMig2) to quantify the benefits of liberalizing GATS Mode 4 in the Pacific region. The results indicate that an increase in the labour forces of Australia and New Zealand from elsewhere within the Pacific region would raise welfare in Australia and New Zealand. However, the results also demonstrate that while the Pacific Islands economies could gain substantially from the movement of unskilled workers, the loss of scarce skilled workers could lead to significant declines in the welfare of those remaining, which could offset the gains from the movement of unskilled labour. Agreements regarding the movement of unskilled labour could therefore potentially constitute significant development policies which warrant further attention from policy makers. Keywords: Applied general equilibrium modeling, Pacific, GATS Mode 4, labour mobility, skill, and welfare.