Статті в журналах: "Skin scope"

1

Pawar, Ankush R., Amol S. Dahale, Siddharth Srivastava, Sanjeev Sachdeva, Sundeep Saluja, and Poonam Narang. "Mo1248 Management of Walled Off Pancreatic Necrosis: Skin or Scope." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 85, no. 5 (May 2017): AB475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2017.03.1556.

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Tai, Yifan, Emma L. Woods, Jordanna Dally, Deling Kong, Robert Steadman, Ryan Moseley, and Adam C. Midgley. "Myofibroblasts: Function, Formation, and Scope of Molecular Therapies for Skin Fibrosis." Biomolecules 11, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081095.

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Myofibroblasts are contractile, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells with multiple roles in pathophysiological processes. Myofibroblasts mediate wound contractions, but their persistent presence in tissues is central to driving fibrosis, making them attractive cell targets for the development of therapeutic treatments. However, due to shared cellular markers with several other phenotypes, the specific targeting of myofibroblasts has long presented a scientific and clinical challenge. In recent years, myofibroblasts have drawn much attention among scientific research communities from multiple disciplines and specialisations. As further research uncovers the characterisations of myofibroblast formation, function, and regulation, the realisation of novel interventional routes for myofibroblasts within pathologies has emerged. The research community is approaching the means to finally target these cells, to prevent fibrosis, accelerate scarless wound healing, and attenuate associated disease-processes in clinical settings. This comprehensive review article describes the myofibroblast cell phenotype, their origins, and their diverse physiological and pathological functionality. Special attention has been given to mechanisms and molecular pathways governing myofibroblast differentiation, and updates in molecular interventions.

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3

Sundar, Bhumika, and Geeta G. Gadad. "Scope of Varnya Mahakashaya Drugs as A Key Component to Health From A Cosmetic Perspective." International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 05, no. 03 (2022): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2022.5321.

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Good health is the ultimatum to longevity. Varna (Skin Complexion) is considered to be an important aspect of health in Ayurveda. Therefore, the quality of skin and its appearance is a key indicator of good health. Deplorable skin conditions impact mental health which may further lead to stress, low personal drive, lack of motivation, fear of communicability of transmitting it to others. At the outset, this article underpins Varnya Mahakashaya of Ayurveda that can be alternatively used as Rasayana and curative medicine than its current extensive use, i.e., cosmetic skin care. Based on analysis and review of classical texts about the application of Varna Mahakashaya (i.e., the formulations that had Varna Mahakashaya as a key ingredient) under three broad categories - Rasayana, Vyadhihara (curative), and Varnya (as a cosmetic) - About 24 formulations lead to effective rejuvenation (Rasayana); 54 formulations were a remedy to skin diseases such as Kushta, Visarpa, Mukhadooshika etc (Vyadhiahara) and eight formulations were typically used for cosmetic purposes (Varnya). Among the group of drugs, Vidari, Yashtimadhu, Chandana and Ushira has been found to be incorporated more in the formulations under the said categories respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that Varnya Mahakashaya not only aids in providing healthy skin or cosmetic purposes, but also plays a vital role in treating a wide variety of skin disorders. This can effectively lead to a balanced, healthy, and stress-free life. In total, Varna Mahakashaya undoubtedly helps improve overall health

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Dixit, Daksha, T. C. Singel, Dhaval Talsaniya, and Mohit Changani. "Anatomical skin incisions for window dissections." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 03, no. 02 (April 2014): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401741.

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AbstractSkin incisions for comprehensive study dissection, composite dissection, composite window corridor dissection and comprehensive window dissections are different. Many authors/practical volumes have described skin incisions for comprehensive study dissections. There is great need to establish, describe and define the incisions for comprehensive window dissections. The authors have studied and practiced their skin incisions for window dissections of various regions of limbs, during the last three years(2010-2012). The authors have established superior, inferior and vertical incision lines and skin was incised according to that. Skin incisions for various regions are made on the basic principle of windows. Superior and inferior incision lines limit the dissection area and vertical incision line provides better scope of expansion and exposure in a window view. The authors have established, described and defined the incisions for various dissection topics which gives better exposure and scope for expansion of dissection layer wise and in better window manner.

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Fujii, Takaaki, Satoru Yamaguchi, Reina Yajima, Soichi Tsutsumi, Nobuyuki Uchida, Takayuki Asao, Noboru Oriuch, and Hiroyuki Kuwano. "Use of a Handheld, Semiconductor (Cadmium Zinc Telluride)-Based Gamma Camera in Navigation Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism." American Surgeon 77, no. 6 (June 2011): 690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481107700621.

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The recent development of gamma-ray probes makes it possible to perform radioguided surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). There have only been a few reports, however, regarding the use of a handheld gamma camera to detect parathyroid adenoma intraoperatively. The aim of this preliminary study was to assess the efficiency of a semiconductor gamma camera (eZ-SCOPE AN) in navigation surgery for PHPT. The eZ-SCOPE is designed to be used as a handheld, regional diagnostic imaging device. Eleven consecutive patients with documented primary hyperparathyroidism underwent surgery using this compact camera. Scintigraphy images of the neck by eZ-SCOPE were acquired: 1) before skin incision; 2) after adenoma location; 3) after adenoma excision; and 4) ex vivo imaging of the specimen. In scan-positive cases by preoperative Tc-MIBI, the eZ-SCOPE revealed parathyroid adenoma in all cases (100%), whereas ultrasound and CT showed a single adenoma in 63.6 and 72.7 per cent of cases, respectively. Navigation surgery for PHPT using the eZ-SCOPE permitted intraoperative identification and removal of parathyroid adenoma in all cases. Scintigraphy images of the neck by eZ-SCOPE also revealed a single adenoma even before skin incision. Our results suggest that Tc-MIBI scintigraphy with the eZ-SCOPE is useful for navigation surgery for PHPT. The eZ-SCOPE is useful for skin marking and could be easily applied for minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy in scan-positive cases.

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6

Hallock, Geoffrey G. "Expanding the Scope of the UltraPulse Carbon Dioxide Laser for Skin Deepithelialization." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 108, no. 6 (November 2001): 1707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200111000-00044.

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7

Wagner, K., and J. Wilson. "LB1498 Online skin disease hoaxes: An evaluation of scope and potential impact." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 138, no. 9 (September 2018): B5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.028.

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8

KONO, Taro, and Motohiro NOZAKI. "A study of effectiveness of Contact skin cooling system (Chill Tipe)^|^reg;used by Video Micro Scope (Hi-Scope^|^reg;)." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR LASER SURGERY AND MEDICINE 21, no. 2 (2000): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm1980.21.2_121.

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9

SATO, Kouichi. "SCOPE OF CONSIDERATION TO ADD NEW SKIN ON BUILDING ENVELOPE BY DRY METHOD." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 18, no. 39 (2012): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.18.673.

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10

Loescher, PhD, RN, Lois J., Amy L. Howerter, PhD, Kelly M. Heslin, MPH, Christina M. Azzolina, MPH, and Myra L. Muramoto, MD, MPH. "A Survey of Licensed Massage Therapists’ Perceptions of Skin Cancer Prevention and Detection Activities." International Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork: Research, Education, & Practice 11, no. 4 (December 7, 2018): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3822/ijtmb.v11i4.417.

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Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the US. Training massage therapists (MTs) in skin cancer prevention and detection cre-ates opportunity for reducing skin cancer burden. Little is known about MTs’ perceptions of skin cancer prevention and detection, their discussions of these topics with clients, or their referral recom-mendations for suspicious skin lesions. Purpose: We surveyed MTs’ perceptions of their role in engaging in conversations about skin cancer prevention, viewing the skin for suspicious lesions, and referring clients with such lesions to health care providers.Setting, Participants, Research Design: We ad-ministered an online survey from 2015–2017 of licensed MTs practicing in the US and at least age 21 years (n = 102); quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed in 2017.Main Outcome Measures: The main variables assessed were MTs perceptions of (a) appropriate-ness for asking clients about skin cancer history, skin cancer prevention, suspicious lesion referral and follow-up; and (b) comfort with recognizing and discussing suspicious lesions, recommending a client see a doctor for suspicious lesion, and discussing skin cancer prevention.Results: Quantitative data revealed that most MTs were amenable to discussing skin cancer prevention during appointments; few were en-gaging in these conversations. MTs were more comfortable discussing suspicious lesions and recommending that a client see a doctor than they were sharing knowledge about skin cancer and sun safety. Categories based on qualitative content analysis were: sharing information for the client’s benefit, and concerns about remaining within scope of practice.Conclusions: MTs have boundaries for skin cancer risk-reduction content to include in a client discussion and remain in their scope of practice. These findings will help support a future educa-tional intervention for MTs to learn about and incorporate skin cancer risk-reduction messages and activities into their practice.

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Sharma, Preeti, Pradeep Kumar, Rachna Sharma, Vijaya Dhar Bhatt, and PS Dhot. "Tissue Engineering; Current Status & Futuristic Scope." Journal of Medicine and Life 12, no. 3 (July 2019): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2019-0032.

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Almost 30 years have passed since the term ‘tissue engineering’ was created to represent a new concept that focuses on the regeneration of neotissues from cells with the support of biomaterials and growth factors. This interdisciplinary engineering has attracted much attention as a new therapeutic means that may overcome the drawbacks involved in the current artificial organs and organ transplantation that have also been aiming at replacing lost or severely damaged tissues or organs. However, the tissues regenerated by tissue engineering and widely applied to patients are still minimal, including skin, bone, cartilage, capillary, and periodontal tissues. What are the reasons for such slow advances in clinical applications of tissue engineering? This article gives a brief overview of the current state of tissue engineering, covering the fundamentals and applications. The fundamentals of tissue engineering involve cell sources, scaffolds for cell expansion and differentiation, as well as carriers for growth factors. Animal and human trials are a major part of the applications. Based on these results, some critical problems to be resolved for the advances of tissue engineering are addressed from the engineering point of view, emphasizing the close collaboration between medical doctors and biomaterials scientists.

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12

Xie, Zhen Yu, Chao Li, and Kuang Yi Zhan. "The Suitability of Double-Skin Wall for Climate in the High Rise." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 3120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.3120.

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Double skin wall has not only achieved ecological value, but also become an essential architectural language. However, the double skin wall is abused without efficiency consideration in the design of the high rise. The author classifies the double-skin in terms of function based on its technical features, working principle and discusses the relationship between tectonic system and external climate condition on reduction of self-consumption, control of light and utilization of natural ventilation and solar energy in order to estimate the applicable conditions and scope, providing rational selection basis in the usage of double-skin for the high rise design.

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13

DiGiovanna, J. J. "Posttransplantation skin cancer: scope of the problem, management, and role for systemic retinoid chemoprevention." Transplantation Proceedings 30, no. 6 (September 1998): 2771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00806-9.

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14

Madaan, Piyush, Priyanshi Sikka, and Deepinder Singh Malik. "Cosmeceutical Aptitudes of Niacinamide: A Review." Recent Advances in Anti-Infective Drug Discovery 16, no. 3 (November 2021): 196–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2772434416666211129105629.

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Background: The prevalence and scope of dermatological illness differ from region to region. Based upon type and severity, the conditions may vary from superficial to deep systemic skin infections. Niacinamide, an amide analog of vitamin B3 which was conventionally utilized as a food supplement, is now explored for the management of skin disorders. Being a powerhouse on its own, it is not stored inside the body naturally and has to be acquired from external sources. Areas covered: This review is an attempt to disclose the physiology, pharmacology, and highlight the dermatological potentials of niacinamide, discussing its pharmacological mechanisms, varied commercially available treatments, and novel approaches, i.e., in research and patented formulations. Results: Niacinamide has been verified in treating almost every skin disorder, viz. aging, hyperpigmentation, acne, psoriasis, pruritus, dermatitis, fungal infections, epidermal melasma, non-melanoma skin cancer, etc. It has been reported to possess numerous properties, for instance, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antipruritic, and anticancer, which makes it an ideal ingredient for varied dermal therapies. Long term use of niacinamide, regardless of the skin type, paves the way for new skin cells, makingskin healthier, brighter, and hydrated. Conclusion: Niacinamide possesses a variety of positive characteristics in the field of dermatology. Novel approaches are warranted over current treatments which could bypass the above shortcomings and form an effective and stable system. Hence, niacinamide has the potential to become an individual and a productive component with wide future scope.

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Grzyb, Joanna, and Sebastian Grzyb. "Comprehensive skin care with cosmetic preparations, dietary supplements and functional food." Aesthetic Cosmetology and Medicine 10, no. 6 (December 2021): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52336/acm.2021.10.6.05.

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Diet and consumption of appropriate quality food products are one of the most important elements for good health and condition of the whole organism, including a proper appearance and healthy skin. The condition of the body and the skin is also influenced by additional dietary supplements, synthetic multi-ingredient preparations, especially the ones containing ingredients selected for their beneficial effects on the skin. The aim of the study was to describe the influence of dietary supplementation and the functional food for the condition of the skin, including preparations containing various nutrients and special-purpose food, which can have a beneficial effect on the skin and its healthy appearance. The scope of the work includes a review of literature and sources in the field of dietetics and cosmetology.

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Selfina Pare. "The Implementation Of E - Commerce Entrepreneurs Craftsmen Crocodile Skin: (Case Study Daniel Skin)." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 875–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i3.219.

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The implementation of E-Commerce Entrepreneurs Craftsmen Crocodile Skin ( Case Study Daniel the Skin) is Used as a means of supporting the business processes that occur on Daniel's Skin which is not yet using the internet media. During this time Daniel Skin Merauke only promote their business place with the print media, radio, and business cards. Daniel skin not promote products through the internet so that the scope of marketing its products has not been extensive, in addition, the sales process is still using a manual system the customer where the consumer has to come to Daniel's skin to conduct a transaction. Daniel Skin needs an E-Commerce application that is able to help to promote their products, and make the process a transaction become more varied, as well as help make the reporting sales of more detailed, so that the productivity of Daniel the Skin can be maximized. Metrode used in this study is the Waterfall method. Applications created with Tools or software support such as Dreamweaver,PHP,Database MySQL And CSS Photoshop. The results of the research and testing of the system performed as a supporting media to help Daniel Skin to maximize the sales of their products and help increase the turnover of their income.

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Kanlayavattanakul, Mayuree, and Nattaya Lourith. "Plants and Natural Products for the Treatment of Skin Hyperpigmentation – A Review." Planta Medica 84, no. 14 (March 5, 2018): 988–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0583-0410.

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AbstractSkin hyperpigmentation is caused by several factors that upregulate melanogenesis. Plants and natural products with skin-whitening effects are gaining interest among consumers and researchers because they are perceived to be milder, safer, and healthier than synthetic alternatives. This review extensively summarizes the status of plants and natural products currently used in skin-whitening cosmetics as well as potential candidates for future use, because the scope of natural choices for efficient treatment of skin hyperpigmentation is rapidly widening. Biological activities of plants and natural extracts are therefore available for cosmetic formulators and dermatologists interested in naturally derived ingredients for skin hyperpigmentation treatment and in accordance with the consumersʼ preferences and expectations upon natural cosmetic products.

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18

Yang, Guo Liang, Zhi Lin Cheng, and Li Zhang. "Skin Detection Model Research Based on Image Enhancement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 65 (June 2011): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.260.

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Histogram element gradation distribution of the original image concentrates in the low gradation level, and after histogram equalization processed the image is bright and unconspicuous in details. In order to improve the situation, this paper presents an improved image enhancement algorithm .In the algorithm the original image is transformed by the conventional histogram equalization and mapped the histogram equalization processing image as far as possible within the scope of mapping. Then linear transform is used to enhance contrast and apply to mix skin complexion model to extract. Experiments prove that this method is better than double skin model detection at testing results, especially in the eyes and mouth.

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Huang, Hui-Kuang, Fang-Chieh Lien, and Wei-Hsing Chih. "A method of avoiding skin irritation from outside-in suture knots in wrist scope surgery." Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery 4, no. 1 (January 2017): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jajs.2017.03.003.

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Adiningtyas, Vidyani, Muhammad Yulianto Listiawan, and Linda Astari. "Long Term Effects of Combination of Metabolite Product Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell (MP-AMSC) and Vitamin C after Fractional CO2 Laser for Photoaging Treatment." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 32, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v32.2.2020.85-92.

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Background: Metabolite Products Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell (MP-AMSC) originating from the amniotic membrane has a skin rejuvenation effect by stimulating collagen synthesis. Vitamin C functions as an antioxidant in photoaging treatment. It is expected that the application of a combination of MP-AMSC and vitamin C after fractional CO2 laser treatment as Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery (LADD) to provide better long-term effects on clinical improvement of photoaged skin. As the drug penetration reaching the target, long-term effects and no side effects are expected. This promises as an option for photoaging therapy in the future. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of a combination of topical MP-AMSC mixtures and vitamin C after fractional CO2 laser treatment on wrinkles, spots, pores, and skin tones. Methods: Thirty adult women with photoaged skins were selected as samples, and were observed for wrinkles, spots, pores, and skin tones examination. The observation involved computer-simulated photographic devices, Facial Skin Scope System Janus-II for three months after the topical administration of MP-AMSC mixture and vitamin C, three times fractional CO2 laser, tretinoin 0.025% cream, and sun protection factor (SPF) 30 sunscreen as maintenance therapy. Result: The data analysis result was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: There was a long-term effect of the application of a mixture of topical MP-AMSC and vitamin C after fractional CO2 laser treatment, and no side effect was observed.

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Ward, Tiffany, and Jaela Fredenrich. "Creation of a Pharmacy Student Longitudinal Rotation to Expand the Scope of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program." Pharmacy 9, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy9030135.

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Allergy assessments and penicillin skin testing have emerged as a vital intervention for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs). Investment and involvement in such programs by ASPs, however, are often limited due to resources, time, and personnel constraints. Harnessing an underutilized resource, 4th-year advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students, allows for expanded ASP involvement and scope of practice. We aim to outline and provide insight on how 4th-year APPE students serve as an asset to an ASP. Through our novel longitudinal rotation experience, APPE students complete penicillin allergy assessments, patient education, and work alongside a clinical pharmacist to refer patients for penicillin skin testing if appropriate. Students also achieve many of the education standards required by the Accreditation Counsel for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) for graduation within the Doctor of Pharmacy degree while developing a strong foundation in antimicrobial stewardship and gaining invaluable knowledge for their future. The addition of APPE pharmacy students to our ASP has also enabled our program to achieve its goals and expand involvement and reach within our facility.

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C K, Raghavendra, and Srikantaiah K C. "Deep Transfer-Based Skin Carcinoma Detection." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 12055–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.12055ecst.

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With the emergence of several pollutants, cosmetics, and chemicals into our day-to-day lives, skin cancer is becoming a common disease. Machine learning and image processing is used for identification of type of skin cancer. Several algorithms have been proposed to detect skin cancer, but most of the inputs are fed manually. Manual testing for skin cancer is difficult and strong similarities between different skin types can lead to false detection of lesions classes. To overcome this problem, we propose an algorithm which requires minimal intervention of doctors when provided with an input affected skin image. Images of the affected area are captured with the help of derma scope and fed to the model. The model initially checks whether the image contains a skin tissue that has cancer or not and if it has cancer then classify into which class of cancer it is, whether it is melanoma, nevus, or seborrheic keratosis. Skin cancer segmentation, along with the same evaluation criteria and the results, also showed that the individual accuracy of each class of skin cancer is computed in efficient manner. The models iteratively learn from its past experience and make the model more enhancing. By 2021, there will be 6.3 billion smartphone subscriptions, which might enable low-cost universal access to skin cancer diagnostic services.

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Hautz, Theresa, Dolores Wolfram, Johanna Grahammer, Ravi Starzl, Christoph Krapf, Johann Pratschke, W. P. Andrew Lee, Gerald Brandacher, and Stefan Schneeberger. "Mechanisms and Mediators of Inflammation: Potential Models for Skin Rejection and Targeted Therapy in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/757310.

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Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an effective treatment option for patients suffering from limb loss or severe disfigurement. However, postoperative courses of VCA recipients have been complicated by skin rejection, and long-term immunosuppression remains a necessity for allograft survival. To widen the scope of this quality-of-life improving procedure minimization of immunosuppression in order to limit risks and side effects is needed. In some aspects, the molecular mechanisms and dynamics of skin allograft rejection seem similar to inflammatory skin conditions. T cells are key players in skin rejection and are recruited to the skin via activation of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. Blocking these molecules has not only shown success in the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses, but also prolonged graft survival in various models of solid organ transplantation. In addition to T cell recruitment, ectopic lymphoid structures within the allograft associated with chronic rejection in solid organ transplantation might contribute to the strong alloimmune response towards the skin. Selectively targeting the molecules involved offers exciting novel therapeutic options in the prevention and treatment of skin rejection after VCA.

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Song, Tao, Baolin Liu, Linhan Jiao, and Wanzhu Zhang. "The Study of Cryosurgical Micro-instrument on Biomedicine." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123302005.

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This paper introduces the development course of cryosurgery, mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, application scope, the analysis of the current world advanced the development of cryogenic surgical instruments and its principle and performance, found that at present, the development of the cryoablation equipment mainly for the treatment of diseases such as cancer such heavy research, thus ignore the crowd larger quantity of the treatment of skin disease research. cryopen are introduced in this paper to solve small pathological tissues such as skin disease treatment. we study a new type of freezing and melting equipment, named cryopen. at the same time, the simulation of treating abnormal skin is completed effectively. The results show that cryopen is very good for the treatment of abnormal skin. The future development of small cryoablation equipment is also put forward.

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R.*, Harsha M., Baidyanath Mishra, Chaithra C. S., and Vivekananda Ramana. "Aquaporin 3 (AQP-3) modulatory effects of an herbal formulated cream in the management of skin psoriasis." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 07 (June 29, 2016): 4667. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.07.001.

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Aquaporins form a large family of integral, transmembrane water channel proteins that mainly function in transporting water over cellular membranes. Amongst aquaporins, aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) is the predominant skin aquaporin which is localised in the basal layer keratinocytes of epidermis in normal skin, and is found to be important in maintaining balanced skin hydration. In addition, several clinical studies have demonstrated reduced AQP-3 expression in cases of psoriasis, suggesting a strong relationship between AQP-3 expression levels and skin hydration/epidermal water loss in psoriatic skin. In scope of this, the potential to manipulate AQP-3 levels by skin care products designed to address psoriatic skin problems gains pharmaceutical attraction. Therefore, we examined the effects of InnoVision’s Psoriderm cream on AQP-3 expression in keratinocytic cell culture model in vitro. AQP-3 expression was found to be significantly increased upon treating keratinocytes with the study material. Test substance at concentrations, 350 and 700 µg/mL increased AQP-3 mRNA levels by 0.03 and 0.07 folds, compared to untreated control cells. In summary, it could be illustrated that using InnoVision’s Psoriderm in psoriasis care can up regulate AQP-3 expression in psoriatic skin, and thus may play a functional in bettering skin conditions in psoriatic skin lesions.

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Al Naffakh, Hussein Ali Hussein, Rozaida Ghazali, and Nidhal Khdhair El Abbadi. "Statistical survey and comprehensive review on human skin detection." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i1.2486.

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With the advancement of data society today, pictures have turned out to be increasingly imperative. Automatic detection of human skin has been an area of active research for the past few years. Human skin detection assumes a vital job in a wide scope of picture preparing applications going from face detection, steganography, face tracking, age detection, discover pornographic images, the discovery of skin diseases gesture analysis and substance based picture recovery frameworks and to different human PC association spaces. Detecting human skin in complex pictures have ended up being a difficult issue since skin shading can fluctuate drastically in its appearance because of numerous variables, for example, illumination, race, maturing, imaging conditions, and complex foundation. In this study, we will study and analyze skin researches, where we will treat the weakness of previous research of survey on human skin detection methods. The reason for this investigation is to give a state-of-the-art study on human skin molding and detection methods in 1998-2019 periods. Furthermore, this research presented the statistical study for each issue stated before. We finish up with a few ramifications for a future course. Study results will benefit all researchers who are interested in human skin detection topic.

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Colegio, O. R., and E. M. Billingsley. "Skin Cancer in Transplant Recipients, Out of the Woods. Scientific Retreat of the ITSCC and SCOPE." American Journal of Transplantation 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2011): 1584–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03645.x.

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Hofbauer, Günther F. L., Petter Gjersvik, and Jan Nico Bouwes Bavinck. "Report on the Tenth Annual Meeting of SCOPE (Skin Care in Organ Transplant Recipients in Europe)." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 131, no. 6 (June 2011): 1192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.100.

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Yu, Shou Hua, Ji Hong Chen, and Jing Ying Ou. "Study on the Detection Method of Pigs in Piglet Pigsty Based on the Characteristics of Pigs." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2271.

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Pig detection plays an important role in intelligent monitoring system of pigsty. According to the features of piglets acting in a large scope with high frequency, an improved Gaussian mixture background model was proposed for detecting piglets, which improves processing speed by reducing the number of Gaussian functions. Since the sow is confined to the sow limitation crate and its activities’ state is simple within a small range, an skin color look-up table method which was based on characteristics of skin was proposed for detecting the sow. The experimental results demonstrated that the pigs detection methods including an improved mixture Gaussian background model and an skin color Look-Up table method are superior to frame subtraction method, mixture Gaussian background model method and optical flow method.

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Mines, Robert A. W., S. McKown, S. Tsopanos, E. Shen, Wesley J. Cantwell, W. Brooks, and C. J. Sutcliffe. "Local Effects during Indentation of Fully Supported Sandwich Panels with Micro Lattice Cores." Applied Mechanics and Materials 13-14 (July 2008): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.13-14.85.

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This paper discusses the penetration behavior of fully supported sandwich panels with micro-lattice and foam cores, and composite skins. This behaviour is of importance during foreign object impact and perforation of sandwich structures. Experimental results are given for quasi-static penetration of micro-lattice and foam blocks, and it is shown that these two cellular materials are comparable. Experimental results are also given for drop weight penetration of fully supported skinned panels, and it is shown that skin failure and core penetration are also similar for the two core materials. It is concluded that there is scope for improving the performance of micro-lattice structure and so making such material superior to that of aluminium foam.

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Wiraja, Christian, Xiaoyu Ning, Mingyue Cui, and Chenjie Xu. "Hydrogel-Based Technologies for the Diagnosis of Skin Pathology." Technologies 8, no. 3 (September 2, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies8030047.

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Hydrogels, swellable hydrophilic polymer networks fabricated through chemical cross-linking or physical entanglement are increasingly utilized in various biomedical applications over the past few decades. Hydrogel-based microparticles, dressings and microneedle patches have been explored to achieve safe, sustained and on-demand therapeutic purposes toward numerous skin pathologies, through incorporation of stimuli-responsive moieties and therapeutic agents. More recently, these platforms are expanded to fulfill the diagnostic and monitoring role. Herein, the development of hydrogel technology to achieve diagnosis and monitoring of pathological skin conditions are highlighted, with proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and reactive species employed as target biomarkers, among others. The scope of this review includes the characteristics of hydrogel materials, its fabrication procedures, examples of diagnostic studies, as well as discussion pertaining clinical translation of hydrogel systems.

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Jewitt, Carey, Ned Barker, and Lili Golmohammadi. "Creative Probes, Proxy Feelers, and Speculations on Interactive Skin." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 6, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti6040022.

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This paper critically discusses the combination of creative and social research methods to generate a novel approach to explore the multimodal technoscape. This paper draws on an interdisciplinary exploratory case study on interactive skin—an emergent technology that augments and/or interacts with the skin. This paper shows how concepts from skin studies and the HCI literature can be used to draw on creative methods to think about and with the body. We describe the use of an online probe pack, a speculative research workshop and sensory research interviews using ‘proxy feelers’ to agitate the design space of interactive skin futures. We show how combining these methods provoked and expanded the scope of interactive skin from the technological to the sensory and the social. We discuss the opportunities and challenges of the research dialogues that this approach facilitated, make the case for creative methodological improvisation and exploration of emergent technologies and show how creative and social research methods can be combined to explore the interconnection between technology, society and design.

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Landor, Antoinette M., and Shardé McNeil Smith. "Skin-Tone Trauma: Historical and Contemporary Influences on the Health and Interpersonal Outcomes of African Americans." Perspectives on Psychological Science 14, no. 5 (August 14, 2019): 797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691619851781.

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Empirical evidence demonstrates that racism is a source of traumatic stress for racial/ethnic minorities, particularly African Americans. Like race and racism, skin tone and experiences of colorism—an often overlooked form of discrimination that privileges lighter skinned over darker skinned individuals, although not uniformly, may also result in traumatic stress. This article proposes a new conceptual model of skin-tone trauma. The model depicts how historical and contemporary underpinnings of colorism lead to colorist incidents that may directly and indirectly, by eliciting traumatic stress reactions, lead to negative effects on the health and interpersonal relationships of African Americans. Key tenets of critical race and intersectionality theories are used to highlight the complexities of skin-tone trauma as a result of intersectional identities on the basis of existing social hierarchies. Last, we present suggestions for researchers, as well as recommendations and strategies for practitioners, to unmask “skin-tone wounds” and promote healing for individuals, families, and communities that suffer from skin-tone trauma. Skin-tone trauma should be acknowledged by researchers, scholars, and practitioners to better understand and assess the widespread scope of trauma in the African American community.

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Hochkirch, Ulrike, Werner Herrmann, Reinhard Stößer, Hans-Hubert Borchert, and Michael W. Linscheid. "Electron paramagnetic resonance and mass spectrometry: Useful tools to detect ultraviolet light induced skin lesions on a molecular basis – A short review." Spectroscopy 20, no. 1 (2006): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/196825.

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Ultraviolet radiation is considered responsible for sunburning, premature skin aging, and cancerogenesis through the production of free radical species. Therefore, the favoured possibility for direct detection of unpaired electrons – electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy – is predestinated for detection and structural and dynamic analysis of this kind of molecules. However, many of UV induced radicals in skin have a short lifetime at ambient conditions and possibilities for stabilisation or transformation into definite para- or diamagnetic products have to be found. On the other hand, diamagnetic products, potentially also originated by reporter molecules, which are not detectable by EPR, are target molecules for mass spectrometric analysis. In this review, potentials and limitations of both spectroscopic methods are reviewed, and the effect of ultraviolet radiation on human skin is discussed in particular. Suitable combinations of both techniques result in detailed information about photoproducts and processes taking place within skin during and after irradiation. The literature is viewed from a recent perspective; historical aspects were not in the scope of this paper.

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Schindler, Christine A., Theresa A. Mikhailov, Kay Fischer, Gloria Lukasiewicz, Evelyn M. Kuhn, and Linda Duncan. "Skin Integrity in Critically Ill and Injured Children." American Journal of Critical Care 16, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2007.16.6.568.

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Background Skin breakdown increases the cost of care, may lead to increased morbidity, and has negative psychosocial implications because of secondary scarring or alopecia. The scope of this problem has not been widely studied in critically ill and injured children. Objectives To determine the incidence of skin breakdown in critically ill and injured children and to compare the characteristics of patients who experience skin breakdown with those of patients who do not. Methods Admission and follow-up data for a 15-week period were collected retrospectively on children admitted to a large pediatric intensive care unit. The incidence of skin breakdown was calculated. The risk for skin breakdown associated with potential risk factors (relative risk) and 95% confidence intervals were determined. Results The sample consisted of 401 distinct stays in the intensive care unit for 373 patients. During the 401 stays, skin breakdown occurred in 34 (8.5%), redness in 25 (6.2%), and breakdown and redness in 13 (3.2%); the overall incidence was 18%. Patients who had skin breakdown or redness were younger, had longer stays, and were more likely to have respiratory illnesses and require mechanical ventilatory support than those who did not. Patients who had skin breakdown or redness had a higher risk of mortality than those who did not. Conclusions Risk factors for skin breakdown were similar to those previously reported. Compared with children of other ages, children 2 years or younger are at higher risk for skin breakdown.

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Frost, Hannah R., Delphine Laho, Martina L. Sanderson-Smith, Paul Licciardi, Susan Donath, Nigel Curtis, Joseph Kado, James B. Dale, Andrew C. Steer, and Pierre R. Smeesters. "Immune Cross-Opsonization Withinemm Clusters Following Group AStreptococcus Skin Infection: Broadening the Scope of Type-Specific Immunity." Clinical Infectious Diseases 65, no. 9 (July 19, 2017): 1523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix599.

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Abstract Background Group AStreptococcus (GAS) skin infections are particularly prevalent in developing nations. The GAS M protein, by which strains are differentiated into >220 differentemm types, is immunogenic and elicits protective antibodies. A major obstacle for vaccine development has been the traditional understanding that immunity following infection is restricted to a singleemm type. However, recent evidence has led to the hypothesis of immune cross-reactivity betweenemm types. Methods We investigated the human serological response to GAS impetigo in Fijian schoolchildren, focusing on 3 majoremm clusters (E4, E6, and D4). Pre- and postinfection sera were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with N-terminal M peptides and bactericidal assays using the infecting-type strain,emm cluster–related strains, and nonrelated strains. Results Twenty of the 53 paired sera demonstrated a ≥4-fold increase in antibody titer against the infecting type. When tested against all cluster-related M peptides, we found that 9 of 17 (53%) paired sera had a ≥4-fold increase in antibody titer to cluster-related strains as well. When grouped by cluster, the mean change to cluster-relatedemm types in E4 and E6 was >4-fold (5.9-fold and 19.5-fold, respectively) but for D4 was 3.8-fold. The 17 paired sera were tested in bactericidal assays against selected cluster-related and nonrelated strains. While the responses were highly variable, numerous instances of cross-reactive killing were observed. Conclusions These data demonstrate that M type–specific and cross-reactive immune responses occur following skin infection. The cross-reactive immune responses frequently align withemm clusters, raising new opportunities to design multivalent vaccines with broad coverage.

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Kemp, Jesse M., Lerin R. Luckett-Chastain, Kaitlin N. Calhoun, Benjamin Frempah, Tayler R. Schartz, Linda E. Harty, Philip M. Kemp, and Randle M. Gallucci. "Evaluation of skin irritation following weathered crude oil exposure in two mouse strains." Toxicology and Industrial Health 36, no. 10 (August 18, 2020): 788–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233720944354.

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Petroleum crude oil spills are common and vary in size and scope. Spill response workers throughout the course of remediation are exposed to so-called weathered oil and are known to report diverse health effects, including contact dermatitis. A murine model of repeated exposure to weathered marine crude oil was employed utilizing two strains of mice, C57BL/6 and BALB/c, to investigate the pathology of this irritant and identify the principal hydrocarbon components deposited in skin. Histopathology demonstrated clear signs of irritation in oil-exposed skin from both mouse strains, characterized by prominent epidermal hyperplasia (acanthosis). BALB/c mice exposed to oil demonstrated more pronounced irritation compared with C57BL/6 mice, which was characterized by increased acanthosis as well as increased inflammatory cytokine/chemokine protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL11. A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method was developed for the identification and quantification of 42 aliphatic and EPA priority aromatic hydrocarbons from full thickness skin samples of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice exposed to oil samples. Aromatic hydrocarbons were not detected in skin; however, aliphatic hydrocarbons in skin tended to accumulate with carbon numbers greater than C16. These preliminary data and observations suggest that weathered crude oil is a skin irritant and this may be related to specific hydrocarbon components, although immune phenotype appears to impact skin response as well.

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Kaur, Amtoj, Swati Midha, Shibashish Giri, and Sujata Mohanty. "Functional Skin Grafts: Where Biomaterials Meet Stem Cells." Stem Cells International 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1286054.

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Skin tissue engineering has attained several clinical milestones making remarkable progress over the past decades. Skin is inhabited by a plethora of cells spatiotemporally arranged in a 3-dimensional (3D) matrix, creating a complex microenvironment of cell-matrix interactions. This complexity makes it difficult to mimic the native skin structure using conventional tissue engineering approaches. With the advent of newer fabrication strategies, the field is evolving rapidly. However, there is still a long way before an artificial skin substitute can fully mimic the functions and anatomical hierarchy of native human skin. The current focus of skin tissue engineers is primarily to develop a 3D construct that maintains the functionality of cultured cells in a guided manner over a period of time. While several natural and synthetic biopolymers have been translated, only partial clinical success is attained so far. Key challenges include the hierarchical complexity of skin anatomy; compositional mismatch in terms of material properties (stiffness, roughness, wettability) and degradation rate; biological complications like varied cell numbers, cell types, matrix gradients in each layer, varied immune responses, and varied methods of fabrication. In addition, with newer biomaterials being adopted for fabricating patient-specific skin substitutes, issues related to escalating processing costs, scalability, and stability of the constructs under in vivo conditions have raised some concerns. This review provides an overview of the field of skin regenerative medicine, existing clinical therapies, and limitations of the current techniques. We have further elaborated on the upcoming tissue engineering strategies that may serve as promising alternatives for generating functional skin substitutes, the pros and cons associated with each technique, and scope of their translational potential in the treatment of chronic skin ailments.

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Blaess, Markus, and Hans-Peter Deigner. "Derailed Ceramide Metabolism in Atopic Dermatitis (AD): A Causal Starting Point for a Personalized (Basic) Therapy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 15, 2019): 3967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163967.

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Active rebuilding, stabilizing, and maintaining the lipid barrier of the skin is an encouraging disease management and care concept for dry skin, atopic dermatitis (eczema, neurodermatitis), and psoriasis. For decades, corticosteroids have been the mainstay of topical therapy for atopic dermatitis; however, innovations within the scope of basic therapy are rare. In (extremely) dry, irritated, or inflammatory skin, as well as in lesions, an altered (sphingo)lipid profile is present. Recovery of a balanced (sphingo)lipid profile is a promising target for topical and personalized treatment and prophylaxis. New approaches for adults and small children are still lacking. With an ingenious combination of commonly used active ingredients, it is possible to restore and reinforce the dermal lipid barrier and maintain refractivity. Lysosomes and ceramide de novo synthesis play a key role in attenuation of the dermal lipid barrier. Linoleic acid in combination with amitriptyline in topical medication offers the possibility to relieve patients affected by dry and itchy skin, mild to moderate atopic dermatitis lesions, and eczemas without the commonly occurring serious adverse effects of topical corticosteroids or systemic antibody administration.

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Amadi, Ekechi S., Maureen C. Maduagwu, and Dabota Long-John. "An overview of skin disorders in under-fives over a ten-year period in a tertiary institution in South: South, Nigeria." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 7, no. 3 (April 27, 2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20211696.

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Background: Skin disorders can be a significant cause of distress to both children and their care-givers. The scope of prevalent skin disorders differ from one country to the other. Therefore an insight into the occurrence, patterns and distribution of skin disorders in a target group will be beneficial to inform care and provide support that is relevant to that target population. The aim of this study is to determine the skin problems prevalent amongst children that are five years and below managed at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Alakahia, Nigeria.Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional study of children five years and below that visited the dermatology outpatient clinic at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Alakahia between the period of January 2006 and December 2015.Results: There was equal ratio of male to female patients with slight female preponderance. The eleven most common lesions were papular urticaria, atopic dermatitis, scabies, warts, vitiligo, molluscum contagiosum, tinea corporis, impetigo, seborrhoeic dermatitis, pityriasis rosea and tinea capitis.Conclusions: Skin disorders are common among children under five years. Allergic skin disorders, bacterial, viral and fungal skin infections, skin infestation (scabies) and pigmentary disorders (vitiligo) are major skin manifestations in this study.

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Hasan, Tasnim, Eric Au, Sharon Chen, Allison Tong, and Germaine Wong. "Screening and prevention for latent tuberculosis in immunosuppressed patients at risk for tuberculosis: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines." BMJ Open 8, no. 9 (September 2018): e022445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022445.

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ObjectiveImmunosuppressed individuals are at a high risk of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and clinical practice guidelines for the screening and management of LTBI in at-risk patients have been developed. We assessed the scope, quality and consistency of clinical practice guidelines on screening for LTBI and the prevention of tuberculosis infection (TB) in high-risk patient populations.DesignWe conducted a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines. Methodological quality of these guidelines was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Education (AGREE) II instrument. Textual synthesis was used to summarise and compare the recommendations.Data sourcesElectronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO) and guideline registries were searched from inception to December 2017.ResultsThirty-eight guidelines were included. Nineteen focused on patients receiving medical immunosuppression, seven on transplantation, three on patients with HIV and nine were generalised across all at risk populations. Most guidelines (n=32, 84%) used a systematic approach to identify and appraise the evidence. The methodological quality of the guidelines varied with the overall mean AGREE II scores ranging from 35% to 80%. Guidelines performed poorly in terms of editorial independence (average score 35%, range 0%–92%); however, most were robust in defining their scope and purpose (average score 80%, range 56%–100%). Guidelines recommended either or both the tuberculin skin test and the interferon gamma release assay for screening. Treatment of LTBI with isoniazid was consistently recommended.ConclusionClinical practice guidelines on LTBI vary in quality and scope. The recommendations for screening varied across guidelines, while recommendations for treatment were largely consistent. Improving the consistency and quality of guidelines may help to optimise the screening and management of LTBI for improved patient outcomes.

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Melnikova, O. A. "Is 2-phenoxyethanol safe when used in medicine and cosmetics?" Medical alphabet 3, no. 32 (January 23, 2020): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-3-32(407)-41-43.

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This article discusses issues related to the use of the preservative 2-phenoxyethanol in medicine and cosmetology. The scope of this substance in various types of medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, its presence in nature, in plants such as avocados, green tea, is described. The physical properties of 2-phenoxyethanol and its mechanism of action are considered. It substantiates its content in goods in disinfectants and skin antiseptics (2 %) and perfumes and cosmetics (1 %). Potential safety issues with this substance are discussed. The absence of irritating effects on the skin, the absence of allergic reactions to the mucous membrane of the eyes, the absence of contact allergies and photosensitization, the absence of toxicity and hemolytic effect have been shown.

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Drahansky, Martin, Michal Dolezel, Jan Vana, Eva Brezinova, Jaegeol Yim, and Kyubark Shim. "New Optical Methods for Liveness Detection on Fingers." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/197925.

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This paper is devoted to new optical methods, which are supposed to be used for liveness detection on fingers. First we describe the basics about fake finger use in fingerprint recognition process and the possibilities of liveness detection. Then we continue with introducing three new liveness detection methods, which we developed and tested in the scope of our research activities—the first one is based on measurement of the pulse, the second one on variations of optical characteristics caused by pressure change, and the last one is based on reaction of skin to illumination with different wavelengths. The last part deals with the influence of skin diseases on fingerprint recognition, especially on liveness detection.

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Puginier, Mickaël, Alicia Roso, Hervé Groux, Cédric Gerbeix, and Françoise Cottrez. "Strategy to Avoid Skin Sensitization: Application to Botanical Cosmetic Ingredients." Cosmetics 9, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9020040.

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Assessment of skin sensitization potential is mandatory for ingredients dedicated to topical applications. A battery of in vitro tests covering the key steps of the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for skin sensitization has been recommended to replace animal testing. However, despite international guidelines on in vitro methods, there is no universal approach defining their combination. The purpose of this work was to assess skin sensitization of botanical ingredients relying on a previously developed in vitro testing strategy. This tool focused on complex and poorly water-soluble substances, which were not already covered. Sixteen botanical extracts were tested in a sequential approach, starting with Sens-Is, supplemented by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in vitro methods when necessary. The results on the selected well-known botanical sensitizers complemented the relevance of the strategy. Testing on experimental botanicals could detect skin sensitizers. In addition, phytochemistry was a determining support to identify and remove the components at the origin of the effect. Altogether, these results enlarged the scope of the methodology to various ingredient categories and chemical natures, contributing to place on the market new ingredients, safe for workers and end-users.

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Hoang, Thi Phuong Nga, Muhammad Usman Ghori, and Barbara R. Conway. "Topical Antiseptic Formulations for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040558.

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Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are usually acute conditions of inflammatory microbial occupation of the skin layers and underlying soft tissues. SSTIs are one of the most frequent types of infection, typically requiring medical intervention and contribute to morbidity and mortality in both primary care and hospitalised patients. Due to the dramatic rise of antibiotic resistance, antiseptic agents can be potential alternatives for the prevention and treatment of SSTIs. Notably, they are commonly recommended in many global practical guidelines for use in per- and post- operative procedures. A range of antiseptics, including chlorhexidine, triclosan, alcohol, and povidone-iodine, are used and are mainly formulated as traditional, simple dosage forms such as solutions and semi-solids. However, in recent years, there have been studies reporting the potential for nanotechnology in the delivery of antiseptics. In this review, we have collated the scientific literature that focuses on topical antiseptic formulations for prevention and treatment of SSTIs, and have divided findings into traditional and advanced formulations. We conclude that although nanotechnological formulations have demonstrated potential advantages for delivering drugs; nevertheless, there is still scope for traditional formulations and further development of optimised topical formulations to address the rise of antimicrobial resistance.

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46

Chebotarev, V. V., Z. R. Khismatullina, and L. K. Nasyrova. "Outlook for Wound Healing Technologies (a Review)." Creative surgery and oncology 10, no. 2 (July 26, 2020): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24060/2076-3093-2020-10-2-130-136.

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Tissue engineering is a medical science dealing with reproduction of biological tissues and organs. This area of medicine opens avenues for creation of organs and tissues using biomaterials and nanostructures to sustain their development, maintenance and function repair in a living organism. The scope of tissue engineering is an artificial recreation of tissues at the fi nest structural level. Prerequisite requirements are a cell source (a donor), artificial extracellular matrix and growth factor. The first organ, which was extracorporally created and successfully introduced in medical practice, is skin. Recent years have witnessed a major leap in 3D technology for reproduction of biological structures. Increasing attention is being paid towards controlled design and production of 2D–3D structures consisting of biological materials and viable cells, the procedure defined as bioproduction or bioprototyping. Skin substitutes obtained with the bioprototyping technology possess a wide range of medical applications, primarily to compensate for resident skin deficiency in wound healing.

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Ardhaninggar, Agatha Anindhita, Dwi Murtiastutik, Sawitri Sawitri, and Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa. "The Efficacy of Topical Combination Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell Metabolite Product (AMSC-MP) and Vitamin E after Microneedling in Photoaging." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 32, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v32.2.2020.126-133.

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Background: Photoaging, also called extrinsic aging, is a premature skin aging mainly resulting from prolonged and extended exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Amniotic Membrane Stem Cell Metabolite Products (AMSC-MP) are derived from amniotic membranes that contain cytokines and growth factors that have a role in the skin rejuvenation process. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that has a photoprotective effect, so it is expected to reduce the appearance of clinical signs of photoaging. Not only having skin rejuvenation effect, but microneedling is also expected to facilitate the penetration to increase the efficacy of AMSC-MP and vitamin E. This combination is expected to have a better effect on clinical photoaging improvement. Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a topical combination of AMSC-MP and vitamin E after microneedling on the clinical improvement of photoaging compared to previous skin conditions. Methods: Thirty adult women with photoaging topically administered a combination of AMSC-MP and vitamin E after 3 microneedling sessions at 2 weeks intervals. The evaluation of the improvement of the degree of pores, wrinkles, skin tone and dark spots were performed with the Janus-II Facial Skin Scope System. Result: There was a clinical improvement with a statistically significant difference in terms of the degree of pores, wrinkles, polarized black spots, and UV black spots, which were statistically significant differences (p <0.05). Conclusion: The administration of a topical combination of AMSC-MP and vitamin E after microneedling provided clinical improvement in photoaging as supported by the results of Janus analysis of pores, wrinkles, skin tones, polarized black spots, and UV black spots.

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Phenix, Christopher Peter, Melissa Togtema, Samuel Pichardo, Ingeborg Zehbe, and Laura Curiel. "High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Technology, its Scope and Applications in Therapy and Drug Delivery." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j3zp5f.

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Ultrasonography is a safe, inexpensive and wide-spread diagnostic tool capable of producing real-time non-invasive images without significant biological effects. However, the propagation of higher energy, intensity and frequency ultrasound waves through living tissues can induce thermal, mechanical and chemical effects useful for a variety of therapeutic applications. With the recent development of clinically approved High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) systems, therapeutic ultrasound is now a medical reality. Indeed, HIFU has been used for the thermal ablation of pathological lesions; localized, minimally invasive ultrasound-mediated drug delivery through the transient formation of pores on cell membranes; the temporary disruption of skin and the blood brain barrier; the ultrasound induced break-down of blood clots; and the targeted release of drugs using ultrasound and temperature sensitive drug carriers. This review seeks to engage the pharmaceutical research community by providing an overview on the biological effects of ultrasound as well as highlighting important therapeutic applications, current deficiencies and future directions.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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49

Bulinska, A., Ya Zaychenko, А. Kucher та I. Mota. "Еfficiency of Basal Cell Diagnosis Skin Carcinomas Using Dermatoscopy in Combination with Ultrasound (Literature Review; Description of Clinical Cases)". Lviv clinical bulletin 2-3, № 35-36 (24 грудня 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/lkv2021.03-04.091.

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Introduction. Basal cell carcinoma of the skin is the most common skin cancer in people with fair skin color. Early detection of basal cell carcinoma and proper surgical approach are crucial to reduce the incidence of this tumor. Visual examination is the first screening tool used by clinicians, but sometimes it is not enough to differentiate and determine treatment tactics. Therefore, non-invasive methods such as dermatoscopy and ultrasonography of the skin have recently become widely used, which provide a clear diagnosis, fully correlate with the pathomorphological diagnosis and allow determining the invasiveness of the process and the scope of surgery. The aim of the study. To establish the effectiveness of the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma of the skin using dermatoscopy in combination with ultrasound, to clarify and justify the feasibility of using a double diagnostic test "Dermatoscopy + Ultrasound" in the diagnosis of skin tumors for future surgery. Materials and methods. Two cases of basal cell basal cell carcinoma in young patients with atypical localization, dermatoscopic and ultrasonographic parameters, correlation with pathomorphological diagnosis are described. Dermatoscopic parameters were evaluated according to G. Kittler's algorithm, skin ultrasound was performed on an expert class device "ACUSON Juniper Ultrasound System" with color and energy Doppler modes by a linear multifrequency transducer (5-17MHz) according to the original protocol developed by G.Alakhverdian. Results. A feature of the described clinical cases is the young age of patients (21 and 29 years), which is an atypical phenomenon in relation to the manifestations of BCC and indicates that recently basal cell carcinoma begins to occur at a young age and its typical location changes. The obtained data of dermatoscopic and ultrasonographic examination confirm specific clinical symptoms and are completely correlated with pathomorphological diagnosis. Conclusions. Dermatoscopy in combination with skin ultrasonography are reliable non-invasive techniques that allow real-time detection of clinical and subclinical lesions and should be used to diagnose and monitor for all skin cancers. Keywords: basal cell carcinoma of the skin, dermatoscopy, ultrasonography of the skin.

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Patel, Kanika, Vikas Kumar, Amita Verma, Mahfoozur Rahman, and Dinesh K. Patel. "Amarogentin as Topical Anticancer and Anti-Infective Potential: Scope of Lipid Based Vesicular in its Effective Delivery." Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery 14, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574891x13666180913154355.

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There is a need for the development of liposomes based nanomedicines formulation for better efficacy and safety of the available drugs in the market. Liposomes have various applications in the field of pharmaceutical and medical field for their drug target potential, diagnostic importance and imaging techniques. Natural plant based drugs and their derivatives have been used in the medicine, nutraceuticals, perfumery, cosmetic and beverages industry. More than half of the prescribed drugs in the worldwide are mainly derived from different natural sources. Development of plant derived product is an emerging field of food, pharmaceutical and health industries. Plants belonging to the Gentianaecae family are well known for their bitter taste and Swertia chirata is one of best plants among them. Various active phytochemical of Swertia chirata are bitter secoiridoids like gentiopicroside, amarogentin, swertiamarin, isovitexin and isogentisin. People use different species of Swertia in the form of decoction, infusion, paste and juice for the treatment of fever and enteric diseases. Swertia chirata possesses anticarcinogenic, antioxidative, hypoglycemic, antihepatotoxic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Amarogentin, a bitter secoiridoid glycoside present in Swertia chirata plant is an activator of human bitter taste receptor. Pharmacologically, amarogentin has antibacterial, antihepatitis, anticholinergic and chemopreventive activities, moreover, amarogentin has been proven for their anti-lieshmanial activity. Other studies also suggested that amarogentin acts on liver carcinogenesis, skin carcinogenesis and reduced tumour progression. In the present review, we have collected and compiled the data regarding biological sources, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, anticancer and anti-infective potential of amarogentin. For better understanding of various aspects of amarogentin, we have also discussed Swertia chirayita in a very concise manner. Further data related to various patents on amarogentin have also been discussed in this manuscript. However, we also admit that new advance biological research will also increase the medicinal and pharmacological value of amarogentin. Information regarding the chemistry of amarogentin, its biological sources, bioavailability as a pharmacological agent for the treatment and management of skin disorders and various forms of cancers will be beneficial to the scientists in the medicinal field.

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