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Статті в журналах з теми "Skin diagnostics"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Paliwal, Sumit, Makoto Ogura, and Samir Mitragotri. "Ultrasound-assisted skin diagnostics." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122, no. 5 (2007): 2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2942533.

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2

Kempf, Werner, Michael J. Flaig, and Heinz Kutzner. "Molecular diagnostics in infectious skin diseases." JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 11, s4 (May 2013): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddg.12069_supp.

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3

Tarasenko, G. N., N. G. Kolenko, and Yu G. Tarasenko. "Basal cell skin cancer: modern clinical and diagnostic aspects and the role of early diagnostics." Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases 23, no. 1 (August 2, 2020): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/dv2020112-16.

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Анотація:

Skin cancer is the leading cancer type (12.6%) in both men and women in Russian Federation. Basal cell skin cancer is the most common non-melanoma, malignant epithelial skin tumor. The identification of skin tumors in the early stages is one of the priority purposes of modern medicine because it facilitates the radical treatment of these diseases. Notably, an examination by a dermatologist should be performed in conjunction with non-invasive diagnostic methods.

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4

Gushchin, I. S., and I. V. Danilycheva. "Allergen-specific skin prick tests in allergist practice." Russian Journal of Allergy 10, no. 4 (December 15, 2013): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja523.

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Анотація:

Identification of patient’s allergen-specific hypersensitivity and its clinical value is a basis of the right choice allergen-specific treatment. The problem is solved by an allergist with the use of different diagnostic methods. The most important stage of diagnostics is an allergen-specific skin testing more widely used as a skin prick testing (SPT). The paper concerns SPT technique, indications and contraindications for the testing, interpretations of SPT results, performance at certain groups of patients, the most probable mistakes in carrying out SPT, the reasons of false positive and false negative results, a comparative assessment of SPT and other methods of allergen-specific diagnostics, requirements to allergenic extracts.

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5

Lavrushko, S. I., and V. I. Stepanenko. "Modern diagnostics of microsporia." Ukrainian Journal of Dermatology, Venerology, Cosmetology, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30978/ujdvk2021-2-16.

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Анотація:

Objective — to develop a method of modern molecular genetic diagnosis of microsporia in children based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which will allow identification of the pathogen of Microsporum canis at the DNA level. Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients with microsporia of smooth skin, scalp, scalp and smooth skin. The biological materials for the research were scales from the smooth skin and scalp, hair from the scalp of patients with microsporia. A study of 40 samples of biological material was carried out in patients with microsporia of smooth skin, microsporia of the scalp, microsporia of the scalp and smooth skin. At the first stage, DNA isolation of Microsporum canis was carried out. Then PCR was carried out to increase the copies of the DNA region using specific primers. The final step was typing 40 samples of clinical material of patients. Results and discussion. PCR diagnostics made it possible to identify the DNA of Microsporum canis in all 40 samples of biological material of patients with microsporia. In our study, we developed a PCR-based method for diagnosing microsporia, which uses a set of two MC primers (regions of the beta tubulin gene of Microsporum canis). For internal control of the course of amplification and the quality of biomaterial sampling, specific primers of APOE (a region of the human apolipoprotein E gene) were also used. Conclusions. In order to improve the precise specific diagnosis of microsporia in children, a method of modern molecular genetic diagnostics based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed, which allows identification of the Microsporum canis pathogen at the DNA level. Analysis of the molecular structure of the genome of Microsporum canis proved that the most objective diagnosis of microorganisms is the PCR method. The developed method of DNA diagnostics based on PCR using specific primers can be included in the algorithm for detecting Microsporum canis in humans.

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6

Rubins, U., J. Zaharans, I. Ļihačova, and J. Spigulis. "Multispectral Video-Microscope Modified for Skin Diagnostics." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 51, no. 5 (December 15, 2014): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2014-0031.

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Abstract Commercial DinoLite AD413 digital microscope was modified for skin diagnostics purposes. The original LED ring (4 white and 4 ultraviolet light emitters) of microscope was replaced by a custom-designed 16-LED ring module consisting of four LED groups (450, 545, 660 and 940 nm), and an onboard LED controller with USB hub was added. The video acquisition and LED switching are performed using custom-designed Matlab software which provides real-time spectral analysis of multi-spectral images and calculation of skin chromophore optical density. The developed multispectral video-microscope is mainly meant for diagnostics of skin malformations, e.g. skin cancerous lesions.

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7

Sarian, O. I. "Herpes zoster: skin manifestations and differential diagnostics." Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini 2019, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/internalmed2019.01.023.

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8

Altmeyer, P. "Pitfalls in diagnostics of pigmented skin lesions." Melanoma Research 6, SUPPLEMENT 1 (September 1996): S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008390-199609001-00069.

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9

Lai-Cheong, Joey E., and John A. McGrath. "Next-Generation Diagnostics for Inherited Skin Disorders." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 131, no. 10 (October 2011): 1971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.253.

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10

Ebert, Mariya, Georgiy Gafton, Grigoriy Zinovev, and I. Gafton. "CURRENT APPROACH ON CUTANEOUS MELANOMA DIAGNOSTICS." Problems in oncology 65, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2019-65-5-638-644.

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Анотація:

Melanoma is on the first place in mortality among all skin tumors. Over the past 50 years, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma compared to other types of tumors. Rates of 5-year survival are fairly high, if melanoma is diagnosed in the early stages, which requires adequate diagnostics and treatment. Melanoma diagnostic, especially in the early stages, can be problematic even for an experienced dermatologist. However, primary contact doctor can be any specialty. Melanoma and other skin tumors can be detected by physical examination during treatment for another disease. Phenotypic risks factors, anamnestic data, and physical examination data are important in cutaneous melanoma diagnostics. The sensitivity of clinical diagnosis during a visual examination by an experienced dermatologist is approximately 70 percent. However, dermascopy can significantly increase the accuracy of a clinical diagnostics. In recent years there has been an active research for new non-invasive methods and algorithms for cutaneous melanoma diagnostics. The main goal of non-invasive diagnostics is to determine need for biopsy. This decision should be based on a combination of clinical and dermascopic examinations and other information, including growth dynamics, symptoms and medical history. Thus, an adequate diagnostic of cutaneous melanoma, including non-invasive and invasive methods, is a simple and economically viable way to early detection of cutaneous melanoma and to reduce mortality from this aggressive disease.

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11

Malishevskaya, N. P., and A. V. Sokolova. "Current methods of non-invasive diagnostics of skin melanoma." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 90, no. 4 (August 24, 2014): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-4-46-53.

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Анотація:

Malignant skin neoplasms including melanoma are now occupying the leading positions in the list of cancer pathologies in Russia, a number of European countries and United States. The percentage of melanoma is less than 4% of the total number of skin neoplasms but melanomas account for up to 80% of lethal cases caused by malignant skin neoplasms. Due to the aggressive nature of melanomas including the proliferative reaction to any invasions including diagnostic ones, there is an urgent need in a reliable non-invasive method to differentiate melanomas from other skin neoplasms and diagnose it at an early stage. This review article discloses descriptions, potential, advantages and shortcomings of non-invasive melanoma diagnostics methods: dermatoscopy, SIAscopy and confocal microscopy. Based on the results of the review, the authors made a conclusion that the development of an algorithm of diagnostics taking into account individual clinical and medical history data, results of non-invasive visualization methods and laboratory test results (proteome analysis, tumor markers) would help to overcome the shortcomings of each individual method, diagnose melanomas at early stages and, respectively, personalize the approach to management for each patient.

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12

Skonieczna, Dominika, Paulina Sławianowska, Roland Wesołowski, and Karolina Szewczyk-Golec. "Demodex mites – characteristics, pathogenicity, diagnostics." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 54, no. 1 (April 13, 2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7554.

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Анотація:

<I>Demodex</I> is a mite that colonise the human skin and thus can contribute to initiation of demodicosis – a disease caused in humans by two species (D. folliculorum and D. brevis). Demodicosis mostly involves eyes and facial skin, whereas it has become increasingly associated as an pathologic factor in diabetes mellitus and cancer. Demodex diagnostics is based on a simple classical microscopy. The availability of modern molecular biology techniques helps to get to know interspecies diversity of Demodex. Local treatment with mercury oxide, ointments containing metronidazole and combined therapy with ivermectin are used in the treatment of demodex invasion. The effectivity of tea tree oil ointment (TTOO) has been also confirmed. Diagnostics towards the demodex mite colonization is gaining in popularity. It is possible to diagnose it easily as a pathogenic factor in many diseases due to development of diagnostic methods.

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13

Yevcheva, Anhelina. "Modern diagnostics of face and neck skin neoplasma." OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2-3(2) 2019, no. 2-3(2) 2019 (November 29, 2019): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2019-2-47.

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Анотація:

The problem of modern diagnosis of neoplasms of the human skin is relevant in connection with the growing number of patients with tumorous formations of the skin of the human body. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of the diagnosis of tumor lesions of the face and neck skin on the basis of the analysis of clinical semiotics, dermatoscopy (microscopy) and morphological research. Material and Methods: The study included 50 patients with neoplasms of the external nose and ear skin. There were 30 women and 20 men, aged from 40 to 80 years.The patients were divided into two groups, depending on the location of the neoplasm. The 1st group included 25 patients with tumors of the outer skin of the nose and 2nd group – 25 patients with skin tumors of the outer ear. All neoplasms in the process of vital activity were subjected to physical irritations of various degrees that may develop the malignant process of the skin. The results and discussion: The evaluation of diagnostic results was carried out on the basis of the use of complex diagnostics, with the help of which a malignant skin process was detected in 50 patients. A basal cell carcinoma of the ear was revealed in 23 (46 %) patients, squamous cell carcinoma in 24 (48%) patients, low grade nasal cancer in 3 (6 %) patients. Complex diagnostics allowed to determine the morphological structure and tissue affiliation in 100% of patients. Іt contributed to the correct choice of the method of treatment. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that a comprehensive detection technique makes it possible to fulfill a final diagnosis of the skin disease and to plan treatment adequately.To diagnose timely and reduce the number of malignant skin formations it is necessary to train the population to self-diagnose and to conduct preventive measures for reducing excessive ultraviolet, various chemical and mechanical effects on healthy skin.

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14

Hamel, Ben C. J. "Classification, nosology and diagnostics of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome." Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v5i2.4531.

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Анотація:

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) comprises a group of heritable connective tissue disorders which has as cardinal features varying degrees of skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, easy bruising and skin fragility. The 2017 New York nosology distinguishes 13 types of EDS, which all, except hypermobile EDS, have a known molecular basis. Hypermobile EDS is recognized as a common and often disabling disorder, incorporating benign joint hypermobility syndrome. EDS needs to be differentiated from other connective tissue disorders, in particular Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome and cutis laxa. The frequent types of EDS can be diagnosed after careful history taking and clinical examination, but for definite diagnosis molecular confirmation is needed in all types. Management for EDS patients preferably is provided by multidisciplinary teams in expertise centres. After diagnosing EDS genetic counselling is an essential part of the management of patients and their family.

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15

Tai, Yan-Long, and Zhen-Guo Yang. "Flexible pressure sensing film based on ultra-sensitive SWCNT/PDMS spheres for monitoring human pulse signals." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 3, no. 27 (2015): 5436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tb00653h.

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Анотація:

Flexible pressure sensors are essential components of an electronic skin for future attractive applications ranging from human healthcare monitoring to biomedical diagnostics to robotic skins to prosthetic limbs.

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16

Dervisevic, Muamer, Maria Alba, Beatriz Prieto-Simon, and Nicolas H. Voelcker. "Skin in the diagnostics game: Wearable biosensor nano- and microsystems for medical diagnostics." Nano Today 30 (February 2020): 100828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2019.100828.

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17

Macharadze, D. Sh. "ATOPIC DERMATITIS: DIAGNOSTICS FEATURES." Russian Journal of Allergy 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2012): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja712.

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Анотація:

Atopic dermatitis (AD) — a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. It is diagnosed mainly clinically. Sensitization to inhalled and food allergens may play a role in the development of AD. Thus, it is important to determine the presence of sensitization for environmental control and allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy.

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18

Khristoforova, Yu A., I. A. Bratchenko, D. N. Artemyev, O. O. Myakinin, A. A. Moryatov, O. I. Kaganov, S. V. Kozlov, and V. P. Zakharov. "Optical diagnostics of malignant and benign skin neoplasms." Procedia Engineering 201 (2017): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.664.

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19

JANCIN, BRUCE. "New Diagnostics Sought To Replace TB Skin Test." Internal Medicine News 39, no. 19 (October 2006): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(06)74305-0.

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20

Llamas-Velasco, Mar, and Thomas Mentzel. "Molecular Diagnostics of Vascular Tumors of the Skin." American Journal of Dermatopathology 42, no. 11 (May 1, 2020): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dad.0000000000001663.

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21

Zouboulis, Christos C., and Evgenia Makrantonaki. "Clinical aspects and molecular diagnostics of skin aging." Clinics in Dermatology 29, no. 1 (January 2011): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.07.001.

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22

Zhukov, A. S., I. E. Belousova, and A. V. Samtsov. "Immunohistochemistry method and diagnostics of mycosis fungoides." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 90, no. 2 (April 24, 2014): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-2-38-46.

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Анотація:

Clinical patient examinations are not enough for diagnosing lymphoproliferative skin diseases now. Histological diagnostics is an important auxiliary method; however, it is not always applicable. PCR is not a universal method for determining the clonality of infiltrate cells. The article describes present-day diagnostics methods with an emphasis on the immunohistochemistry method making it possible to identify the cell composition of affected skin.

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23

Borodulina, E. A., A. T. Inkova, B. E. Borodulin, and L. V. Povalyaeva. "WAYS TO OPTIMIZE DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS IN A PULMONOLOGY UNIT." Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases 96, no. 5 (June 14, 2018): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2018-96-5-22-26.

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Анотація:

The objective: to optimize detection of tuberculosis in a pulmonology unit.Subjects and methods.In a pulmonology unit, patients suspected of having tuberculosis had a minimum number of diagnostic tests: a skin test with tuberculous recombinant allergen, three consecutive Ziel-Nelson microscopies of sputum and fluids of bronchoalveolar lavage, and in the laboratory of TB services they performed GeneXpert MTB/RIF, Bactec MGIT. Results of the diagnostics were analyzed in 70 patients with etiologic confirmation of diagnosis.Results.A targeted inquiry and taking the patient's history were informative in 4% of cases, skin test with TRA – in 27.1%, GeneXpert MTB/RIF – в in 100%, and Bactec MGIT – in 97.1%. Introduction of express diagnostic methods to a pulmonology unit reduced the average number of bed-days from admission to diagnostics of tuberculosis and transfer to a TB in-patient unit down to 9.80 ± 4.72 days. Molecular genetic methods can be recommended for introduction to general medical services as a diagnostic minimum when examining patients with a high risk of tuberculosis.

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24

Dash, Siddharth Raj. "Skin Cancer Analysis with Deep Learning." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 31, 2021): 2663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36761.

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Анотація:

Skin diseases are some of the most common diseases and are often difficult to diagnose than other diseases. Skin diseases may be caused by fungus, bacteria, allergic reaction, viruses, cancer etc. The technological advancement in laser diagnosis and Photonics based medical diagnosis has made it possible to diagnose the skin diseases much more quickly and accurately. But the cost of diagnostics is time-consuming and very expensive. Hence, we can use image processing techniques to help build automated preliminary detection system for such dermatological diagnostics.

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25

Kubanova, A. A., V. V. Chikin, YU YU Shtirshneider, and O. R. Katunina. "Confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo for diagnosing melanocytic skin neoplasms." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 90, no. 3 (June 24, 2014): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2014-90-3-85-94.

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Анотація:

The authors discuss the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy in vivo (CLSM) for diagnosing melanocytic skin neoplasms and its value for early diagnostics of melanoma. CLSM is an innovation noninvasive visual examination method for real-time multiple and painless examinations of the patient’s skin without injuring the skin integument. The method ensures early diagnostics of skin melanomas with high sensitivity and specificity, which makes it possible to use CLSM for screening melanocytic skin neoplasms for the sake of the early onset of treatment to save patient life and health.

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26

Brattseva, E. V., S. V. Rotanov, E. V. Bratseva, and S. V. Rotanov. "Current approaches to diagnostics of mycosis fungoides." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 86, no. 6 (December 15, 2010): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/vdv773.

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Анотація:

The authors describe strong and weak sides of current methods for diagnostics of mycosis fungoides. Diagnostics of mycosis fungoides is mainly based on the clinical presentation of this disease, which is a significant problem for a dermatovenerologist, especially at early stages of the disease when rashes are of different types. Laboratory methods used to confirm the diagnosis are microscopic examination and immunophenotypic analysis of skin biopsy samples from the affected region as well as determination of clonality of T-lymphocytes in the skin using the PCR method.

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27

Романова, О. Н., О. Н. Довнар-Запольская, Р. Н. Манкевич, О. А. Преображенская, Е. Н. Сергиенко, Л. И. Матуш, Е. В. Дивакова, et al. "General Approach to Diagnostics and Differential Diagnostics by Exants in Children." Клиническая инфектология и паразитология, no. 4 (January 11, 2022): 377–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2021.10.4.026.

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Анотація:

Известно немало заболеваний у детей, которые сопровождаются поражением кожи в виде экзантем, являющихся полиэтиологичными по происхождению и полиморфными по элементам сыпи и характеру распространения. При ведении таких пациентов нередко возникают значительные дифференциально-диагностические затруднения у педиатров, зачастую требующие консультации врача-инфекциониста. В статье дана характеристика основных видов сыпи у детей, ее диагностическое и дифференциально-диагностическое значение. Сыпь, или экзантема, - наиболее частый симптом, с которым обращаются родители за помощью к педиатру. Экзантемы характеризуются полиморфизмом этиологических и клинических проявлений, однако постановка диагноза в амбулаторных условиях проводится, как правило, на основании только клинической картины без лабораторного подтверждения, что нередко вызывает большие трудности у педиатров. В диагностическом процессе очень важно четкое описание морфологических элементов, появляющихся на коже. Many diseases in children accompanied by skin lesions in the form of exanthema, which are polyetiologic in origin and polymorphic in terms of the elements of the rash and the nature of their distribution. Pediatricians often have significant differential diagnostic difficulties, requiring the consultation of an infectious disease doctor in the management of such patients. The article describes the characteristics of the main types of rash in children, its diagnostic and differential diagnostic value. A rash or exanthema is the most common symptom with which parents seek help from a pediatrician. Exanthema is characterized by polymorphism of etiological and clinical manifestations, however, the diagnosis on an outpatient basis is usually carried out on the basis of only the clinical picture without laboratory confirmation, which often causes great difficulties for pediatricians. A clear description of the morphological elements appearing on the skin is very important in the diagnostic process.

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28

Sheklakova, M. N., I. A. Kappusheva, O. R. Katunina, M. M. Butareva, N. V. Samarova, and M. A. Nefedova. "Skin leiomyoma — clinical observation." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 89, no. 2 (April 15, 2013): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/vdv569.

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Анотація:

The authors describe a clinical observation of quite a rare neoplasm such as back skin leiomyoma in a female patient aged 56. They describe the clinical picture, differential diagnostics and pathohistological picture of the disease. The pain syndrome was arrested due to the treatment with calcium channel blockers in a combination with alpha-blockers.

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29

Kubanov, A. A., J. A. Galljamova, A. S. Grevtseva, and N. V. Gribanov. "Modern demodicosis diagnostics methods." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 92, no. 1 (February 24, 2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2016-92-1-47-54.

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Анотація:

An overview of the modern demodicosis diagnostics methods and in-house demodicosis diagnosis with intravital laser scanning confocal microscopy effectiveness studies. The study included 60 patients with acne and rosacea, complicated demodicosis, 60 patients with acne and rosacea and no demodicosis, and 30 healthy volunteers. All the patients underwent skin scraping, eyebrows and/or eyelashes hair removal and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. the advantages of confocal laser-scanning microscopy in vivo in comparison with conventional methods of research are shown.

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30

Yanus, Grigoriy Arkadyevich, Yevgeniy Nikolayevic Suspitsyn, Marina Yuryevna Dorofeyeva, and Yevgeniy Naumovich Imyanitov. "MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS OF TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 4, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped413-8.

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Анотація:

Tuberous sclerosis is a hereditary disease of phakomatoses group, characterized by the development of multiple hamartomas of brain, eyes, skin and visceral organs. Diagnostics of tuberous sclerosis requires identification of pathogenic mutations within TSC1 or TSC2 genes. Here we present a description of clinical case of tuberous sclerosis followed by detection of the causative mutation.

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31

Al'banova, V. I., and M. A. Nefedova. "Acquired bullous epidermolysis: complexity of diagnostics." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 93, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2017-93-2-64-72.

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The article describes the case of acquired bullous epidermolysis in a woman of 45 years old, suffering from a disease from 2.5 years. As a child, she was diagnosed with herpetiform dermatitis on the base of a clinical picture and histological data. After the period of puberty, when in addition to skin blistering a lesion of the oral mucosa, dystrophy and absence of nail plates, contracture of the 2 fingers of the hands arose, the diagnosis was changed to dystrophic congenital bullous epidermolysis, which did not contradict with re-histological examination of the skin. In order to clarify the diagnosis, another biopsy of the leg skin was performed in 2016. The light microscopy data corresponded to the herpetiform dermatitis or vesicular form of the bullous pemphigoid, the acquired bullous epidermolysis was not also excluded. Indirect RIF allowed to reject the diagnosis of herpetiform dermatitis. The possibility of bullous pemphigoid developing on the background of preexisting congenital bullous epidermolysis was investigated by immunofluorescence mapping with antibodies to 13 structural proteins of the dermo-epidermal junction. Expression of all the studied proteins corresponded to that of healthy individuals, which conflicted with the diagnosis of congenital bullous epidermolysis. Additional immunofluorescence study of the sites of spontaneous cleavage of the biopsy specimen, as well as of n- and u-patterns in the structure of the luminescence line, made possible to exclude the bullous pemphigoid. So, the use of a complex of immunomorphological methods helped to establish the correct diagnosis.

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32

Owda, Amani, Majdi Owda, and Nacer-Ddine Rezgui. "Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging for Burn Wounds Diagnostics." Sensors 20, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030847.

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The need for technologies to monitor the wound healing under dressing materials has led us to investigate the feasibility of using microwave and millimetre wave radiations due to their sensitivity to water, non- ionising nature, and transparency to dressing materials and clothing. This paper presents synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images obtained from an active microwave and millimetre wave scanner operating over the band 15–40 GHz. Experimental images obtained from porcine skin samples with the presence of dressing materials and after the application of localised heat treatments reveal that SAR images can be used for diagnosing burns and for potentially monitoring the healing under dressing materials. The experimental images were extracted separately from the amplitude and phase measurements of the input reflection coefficient (S11). The acquired images indicate that skin and burns can be detected and observed through dressing materials as well as features of the skin such as edges, irregularities, bends, burns, and variation in the reflectance of the skin. These unique findings enable a microwave and millimetre-wave scanner to be used for evaluating the wound healing progress under dressing materials without their often-painful removal: a capability that will reduce the cost of healthcare, distress caused by long waiting hours, and the healthcare interventional time.

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33

Böhmová, E., E. Čonková, Z. Sihelská, and M. Harčárová. "Diagnostics of Malassezia Species: A Review." Folia Veterinaria 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fv-2018-0013.

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Abstract Yeasts from the genus Malassezia belongs to normal commensal skin flora of warm-blooded vertebrates. These yeasts may act as opportunistic pathogens and cause skin diseases in humans and animals under certain conditions. The identification of Malassezia species is based on the phenotypic or genotypic diagnostics. The methods used for the phenotypic identification is determined by: the growth on Sabouraud agar, growth on selective media (Leeming-Notman agar, Dixon agar, Chrom Malassezia agar), the ability to utilise different concentrations of Tween, monitoring of the growth on CEL agar (soil enriched with castor oil) and TE agar (Tween-esculine agar), and the catalase test. The genotypic identification uses molecular methods like: the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment lenght polymorphism (AFLP), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and the DNA sequence analysis.

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34

Von Knorring, Terese, Niels Møller Israelsen, Vilde Ung, Julie L. Formann, Mikkel Jensen, Merete Hædersdal, Ole Bang, Gabriella Fredman, and Mette Mogensen. "Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Pigmented Skin Tumours Using Bedside Diagnostic Imaging Technologies: A Pilot Study." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 102 (January 26, 2022): adv00634. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/actadv.v101.571.

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Rapid diagnosis of suspicious pigmented skin lesions is imperative; however, current bedside skin imaging technologies are either limited in penetration depth or resolution. Combining imaging methods is therefore highly relevant for skin cancer diagnostics. This pilot study evaluated the ability of optical coherence tomography, reflectance confocal microscopy, photo-acoustic imaging and high-frequency ultrasound to differentiate malignant from benign pigmented skin lesions. A total of 41 pigmented skin tumours were scanned prior to excision. Morphological features and blood vessel characteristics were analysed with reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, high-frequency ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging images, and the diagnostic accuracy was assessed. Three novel photoacoustic imaging features, 7 reflectance confocal microscopy features, and 2 optical coherence tomography features were detected that had a high correlation with malignancy; diagnostic accuracy > 71%. No significant features were found in high-frequency ultrasound. In conclusion, optical coherence tomography, reflectance confocal microscopy and photoacoustic imaging in combination enable image-guided bedside evaluation of suspicious pigmented skin tumours. Combining these advanced techniques may enable more efficient diagnosis of skin cancer.

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35

Kalwa, Upender, Christopher Legner, Taejoon Kong, and Santosh Pandey. "Skin Cancer Diagnostics with an All-Inclusive Smartphone Application." Symmetry 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2019): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11060790.

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Among the different types of skin cancer, melanoma is considered to be the deadliest and is difficult to treat at advanced stages. Detection of melanoma at earlier stages can lead to reduced mortality rates. Desktop-based computer-aided systems have been developed to assist dermatologists with early diagnosis. However, there is significant interest in developing portable, at-home melanoma diagnostic systems which can assess the risk of cancerous skin lesions. Here, we present a smartphone application that combines image capture capabilities with preprocessing and segmentation to extract the Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, and Diameter (ABCD) features of a skin lesion. Using the feature sets, classification of malignancy is achieved through support vector machine classifiers. By using adaptive algorithms in the individual data-processing stages, our approach is made computationally light, user friendly, and reliable in discriminating melanoma cases from benign ones. Images of skin lesions are either captured with the smartphone camera or imported from public datasets. The entire process from image capture to classification runs on an Android smartphone equipped with a detachable 10x lens, and processes an image in less than a second. The overall performance metrics are evaluated on a public database of 200 images with Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) (80% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 88% accuracy, and 0.85 area under curve (AUC)) and without SMOTE (55% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 90% accuracy, and 0.75 AUC). The evaluated performance metrics and computation times are comparable or better than previous methods. This all-inclusive smartphone application is designed to be easy-to-download and easy-to-navigate for the end user, which is imperative for the eventual democratization of such medical diagnostic systems.

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36

Utz, S. "Skin optical parameters determination for laser diagnostics and therapy." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 5 (October 1995): S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-9959(95)96224-v.

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37

Liutkeviciute Navickiene, J., L. Plesniene, A. Mordas, and L. Rutkovskiene. "7012 POSTER Photodynamic diagnostics of skin and mucosal lesions." European Journal of Cancer Supplements 5, no. 4 (September 2007): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6349(07)71466-0.

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38

Guo, Shuxia, Susanne Pfeifenbring, Tobias Meyer, Günther Ernst, Ferdinand von Eggeling, Vincenza Maio, Daniela Massi, et al. "Multimodal image analysis in tissue diagnostics for skin melanoma." Journal of Chemometrics 32, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): e2963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cem.2963.

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39

Brydegaard, M., N. Haj-Hosseini, K. Wårdell, and S. Andersson-Engels. "Photobleaching-Insensitive Fluorescence Diagnostics in Skin and Brain Tissue." IEEE Photonics Journal 3, no. 3 (June 2011): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2011.2141656.

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40

Snarskaya, Elena S., Nikolay G. Kochergin, Eugenia V. Galaktionova, and Ksenia A. Vovdenko. "Bullous pemphigoid of pregnancy: clinical picture, diagnostics, treatment." Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases 24, no. 4 (July 15, 2021): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/dv78961.

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Pregnancy is a particular period in womans life. It accompanies with plenty of adaptation changes include many on skin. Pathological morphofunctional changes form a group of pregnancy-specific dermatoses. The clinical case of bullous pemphigoid of pregnancy is presented in the article. The disease occurs during pregnancy or postpartum period. The incidence is estimated to be approximately 1 in 60,000 pregnancies. Clinically, PG is characterized by intense pruritus and polymorphic skin eruptions. Skin lesions develop including erythematous patches and plaques, followed by urticarial rash and blisters. Diagnosis of the disease is based on the features of the clinical picture, complex data of pathomorphological and immunological research methods, including direct or indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical determination of a fragment of the complement component C4d and determination of serum antibodies to BP180. The most effective treatment is systemic glucocorticosteroids in combination with topical steroids and/or antihistamines. Timely diagnosing and prescribing appropriate medication are highly important in preventing intrauterine fetal suffering.

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41

Tlish, M. M., N. L. Sycheva, P. S. Osmolovskaya, and F. A. Psavok. "Difficulties of hypocomplementemic urticaria vasculitis diagnostics." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 99, no. 2 (July 3, 2021): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2021-99-2-134-140.

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Urticaria vasculitis is a multisystem disease with cutaneous lesions which resemble urticaria and histologic signs of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The article highlights the main aspects of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and histopathological disease manifestations, and also methods of treatment. Difficulties of a diagnostic process are demonstrated by means of an example of our own follow-up of a patient with Urticaria vasculitis having a history of solar urticaria. The main trigger of episodes relapse of urticarial rash in the form of coldinduced urticaria and urticaria resulting from blood pressure, was a stress factor and hemorrhage from the duodenal bulb ulcer. The analysis of clinical data and peculiarities of disease progression was conducted for the purpose of diff erential diagnostic procedure of urticaria and urticaria vasculitis. The patient’s urticaria lasted longer than 24 hours; haemosideric staining was observed in the course of rash resolving, local oedemata resembling Quincke’s edema ailed, general symptoms were present (arthralgia, fever, abdominal pains, neurological disorders, etc.). Low effi ciency of antihistamines was reported. Laboratory examination revealed the increase in the blood sedimentation rate, lowering of the complement component 3, raise of anti-C1q and cryoglobulinemia. The essential component of the diagnostic search was biopsy of the skin which allowed to reveal signs of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. On the basis of the clinical evidence (fixed urticarial eruption), laboratory data (hypocomplementemia), histological examination of skin (leukocytoclastic vasculitis) and multisystemic pathology found (of joints, heart, GIT, nervous system), the patient has been diagnosed with a hypocomplementary urticaria vasculitis. Moreover, the article includes recommendations on sampling of pathological material due to primary importance of skin biopsy results in diagnostics of the urticarial vasculitis. Medical professionals no matter of their speciality, should know peculiarities of Urticaria vasculitis progression to reduce the likelihood of its error diagnosis as recurrent urticaria or other immunological disease.

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42

Nowakowska, Karolina, Emilia Królewicz, Andrzej Gamian, and Wojciech Barg. "Basophil activation test in allergy diagnostics." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 74 (December 11, 2020): 548–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5766.

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The prevalence of allergic diseases in Poland and in the world continues to rise in recent years. The most commonly used methods for diagnosing IgE – dependent allergies are skin prick testing (SPT) and assessment of specific IgE (sIgE) directed against specific allergens. However, both methods have some disadvantages and the obtained results may be inconsistent. In particular, routine diagnostic tests are not always effective for some drugs and foods. Consequently, additional laboratory tools should be used. Basophil activation test (BAT) based on flow cytometry is a promising diagnostic method. The present paper demonstrates the usefulness and effectiveness of BAT protocols in allergy diagnosis in scientific research. In comparison to routinely used diagnostic methods, BAT is an expensive and complicated laboratory tool. However, it offers the possibility to efficiently and effectively recognize allergies. Introducing BAT into routine diagnostics in allergology is problematic because this method has not yet been standardized and validated. Therefore, there is a justified need to continue research in this field. If standardized and validated, BAT may offer a reasonable improvement in allergy diagnostics in the future.

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43

Spigulis, Janis, Zigmars Rupenheits, Uldis Rubins, Madars Mileiko, and Ilze Oshina. "Spectral Line Reflectance and Fluorescence Imaging Device for Skin Diagnostics." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 24, 2020): 7472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217472.

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The multi-spectral-line imaging concept, which was recently implemented for the snapshot mapping of three main skin chromophores—melanin, oxy-hemoglobin, and deoxy-hemoglobin, is further explored for the snapshot capturing of four spectral line images at wavelengths of 450, 523, 638, and 850 nm, with the consecutive acquiring of a 405 nm excited fluorescence image. A corresponding laser-based prototype device was designed and assembled. Processing of the mentioned five images enables obtaining distribution maps of four skin chromophores within the malformation and comparing their mean fluorescence intensity with that of the surrounding healthy skin. This set of information is helpful for dermatologists, cosmetologists, oncologists, and other healthcare professionals to quantify the diagnosis of skin malformations (including cancers) and to follow up the recovery process after therapy. This paper describes the design of the developed proof-of-concept prototype device and initial test results.

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44

Dzimira, S., and P. Przadka. "Cytological diagnostics of subcutaneous dirofilariasis imitating proliferative lesions in dogs." Veterinární Medicína 65, No. 12 (December 13, 2020): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/88/2020-vetmed.

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Subcutaneous dirofilariasis is a disease in animals caused by invasions of nematodes, most often of the following species: Dirofilaria repens, D. tenuis, and D. striata transmitted by mosquitoes. Until recently, D. repens was endemic to the Mediterranean countries in Europe, but, in recent years, it has also been increasingly reported in Central and Eastern Europe. Cytological preparations collected by a fine-needle aspiration biopsy from nodular lesions located in the subcutis and skin of dogs were used to diagnose suspected proliferative lesions of a cancerous or inflammatory nature. The microscopic examination of the delivered cytological preparations revealed erythrocytes (very numerous), neutrophils and eosinophils (quite numerous), macrophages (single), and whole and/or damaged fragments of microfilariae of Dirofilaria sp. in various numbers. It should be noted that the described infection of Dirofilaria repens in Poland and other countries of this latitude will be an increasingly common pathology in dogs. Due to the mosquitoes transmitting the microfilariae, it is a zoonosis that is an increasingly frequent and a more serious threat to humans. In the differential diagnosis of various types of skin and subcutis lesions of unknown aetiology, dirofilariasis should be considered.

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45

Kubanov, A. A., L. F. Znamenskaya, and T. V. Abramova. "Differential diagnostics of bullous dermatoses." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 92, no. 6 (December 24, 2016): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2016-92-6-43-56.

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Bullous dermatoses are the diseases characterized by vesication and erosion of skin and/or mucos coats, production of autoantibodies against the structural components of epidermis and/or derma. The most frequent diseases of these disorders are pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, beningn familial chronic pemphigus (Gougerot Hailey-Hailey disease).Diagnostics of bullous dermatoses is based on assessement of clinical signs, results of cytological and histological studies and immunological tests. However none of the current diagnostic methods allows to reveal bullous dermatosis severally and with absolute certainty. Consequently it is necessary to perform wide range of clinical and laboratory tests for early diagnosis and treatment order.

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46

Stout, Jason E., Yanjue Wu, Christine S. Ho, April C. Pettit, Pei-Jean Feng, Dolly J. Katz, Smita Ghosh, Thara Venkatappa, and Ruiyan Luo. "Evaluating latent tuberculosis infection diagnostics using latent class analysis." Thorax 73, no. 11 (July 7, 2018): 1062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211715.

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BackgroundLack of a gold standard for latent TB infection has precluded direct measurement of test characteristics of the tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ release assays (QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB).ObjectiveWe estimated test sensitivity/specificity and latent TB infection prevalence in a prospective, US-based cohort of 10 740 participants at high risk for latent infection.MethodsBayesian latent class analysis was used to estimate test sensitivity/specificity and latent TB infection prevalence among subgroups based on age, foreign birth outside the USA and HIV infection.ResultsLatent TB infection prevalence varied from 4.0% among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged <5 years to 34.0% among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged ≥5 years. Test sensitivity ranged from 45.8% for the T-SPOT.TB among foreign-born, HIV-seropositive persons aged ≥5 years to 80.7% for the tuberculin skin test among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged ≥5 years. The skin test was less specific than either interferon-γ release assay, particularly among foreign-born populations (eg, the skin test had 70.0% specificity among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged ≥5 years vs 98.5% and 99.3% specificity for the QuantiFERON and T-SPOT.TB, respectively). The tuberculin skin test’s positive predictive value ranged from 10.0% among foreign-born children aged <5 years to 69.2% among foreign-born, HIV-seropositive persons aged ≥5 years; the positive predictive values of the QuantiFERON (41.4%) and T-SPOT.TB (77.5%) were also low among US-born, HIV-seropositive persons aged ≥5 years.ConclusionsThese data reinforce guidelines preferring interferon-γ release assays for foreign-born populations and recommending against screening populations at low risk for latent TB infection.Trial registration numberNCT01622140.

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47

Olisova, Olga Yu, Ekaterina M. Anpilogova, Khadizhat S. Kosumova, and Elena E. Nikulina. "Advances in diagnostics and treatment of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia." Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases 24, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/dv96711.

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BACKGROUND: Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is a reactive dermatosis characterized by the development of lymphocytic infiltration due to prolonged exposure to provoking factors with a tendency to spontaneous regression after elimination of antigenic stimulation without the development of systemic manifestations, sometimes having a difficult-to-distinguish similarity with B-cell lymphoma of the skin. Currently available diagnostic methods do not always allow to obtain an accurate result, and the arsenal of therapeutic agents does not sufficiently meet the criteria of effectiveness and safety. AIMS: Diagnosis and therapy of benign lymphoplasia of the skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 57 patients who were observed at the V.A. Rakhmanov Clinic of Skin and Venereal Diseases of Sechenov University for skin lesions clinically similar to cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia. Based on the results of histological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies, the main study group was formed, which included patients with cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (n=35). After verification of the diagnosis, the expression of IgG4 in the lesions was studied, and the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy was evaluated both in the form of monotherapy by the method red light irradiation with a wavelength of 6602 nm using the photosensitizer chlorin E6 once a week, and in combination with intraocular (0.5 ml/cm2) or intramuscular (2 ml each) injections of betamethasone suspension (Diprospan), carried out 1 time a week until complete cleansing of the skin. RESULTS: Among 35 patients with cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, there were 14 men and 21 women aged 18 to 78 years (the average age was 42.72.8 years). IgG4+ was detected in 5 (17%) of 30 patients with cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (tattoo n=3, idiopathic n=2), as well as in 7 (78%) of 9 patients with confirmed B-lymphoma of the skin. Photodynamic therapy monotherapy (n=20) made it possible to achieve clinical remission in an average of 36 irradiation sessions, the combination of photodynamic therapy and betamethasone suspension in 15 patients with widespread and resistant to photodynamic therapy monotherapy rashes led to the clinical remission in 100% of patients after 7 photodynamic therapy sessions and 4 diprospan injections. Minor side effects did not require discontinuation of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is made only on the basis of a comprehensive examination (clinical and anamnestic assessment, histological, immunohistochemical, molecular genetic studies), however, there remains a certain percentage of patients in whom the verification of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia is difficult and requires improved diagnostics. IgG4 can be regarded as an additional diagnostic marker in the differentiation of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia and B-cell lymphoma of the skin: the tendency to increase the level of IgG4 may indirectly indicate the malignancy of the lymphoproliferative process. photodynamic therapy has demonstrated high efficacy and safety in patients with cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia, allowing to achieve completely clean skin both with monotherapy and in combination with diprospan for resistant and/or widespread rashes.

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48

Karamova, A. E., V. V. Chikin, L. F. Znamenskaya, and A. A. Vorontsova. "Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Differential diagnostics of erythrodermic conditions." Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii 95, no. 5 (December 17, 2019): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25208/0042-4609-2019-95-5-24-32.

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Erythroderma is a condition damaging at least 80–90 % of the skin surface, characterized by erythema and peeling. This condition may be a manifestation of various diseases of the skin and internal organs, including malignant lymphoproliferative disorders. Sézary syndrome and the erythrodermic variant of mycosis fungoides are aggressive forms of cutaneous T-cell skin lymphoma, the diagnostics of which is challenging due to the similar clinical pictures of these diseases with benign dermatoses. This article presents two clinical cases of erythroderma in the setting of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. An analysis of the anamnestic data, the clinical picture and the results of laboratory examinations in patients suffering from this condition allowed the diagnosis of Sézary syndrome to be confirmed. The presented cases reflect the importance of identifying the causes of erythroderma.Conflict of interest: the authors state that there is no potential conflict of interest requiring disclosure in this article.

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49

Ferček, Iva, Liborija Lugović-Mihić, Arjana Tambić-Andrašević, Diana Ćesić, Ana Gverić Grginić, Iva Bešlić, Marinka Mravak-Stipetić, Iva Mihatov-Štefanović, Ana-Marija Buntić, and Rok Čivljak. "Features of the Skin Microbiota in Common Inflammatory Skin Diseases." Life 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2021): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090962.

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Many relatively common chronic inflammatory skin diseases manifest on the face (seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, acne, perioral/periorificial dermatitis, periocular dermatitis, etc.), thereby significantly impairing patient appearance and quality of life. Given the yet unexplained pathogenesis and numerous factors involved, these diseases often present therapeutic challenges. The term “microbiome” comprises the totality of microorganisms (microbiota), their genomes, and environmental factors in a particular environment. Changes in human skin microbiota composition and/or functionality are believed to trigger immune dysregulation, and consequently an inflammatory response, thereby playing a potentially significant role in the clinical manifestations and treatment of these diseases. Although cultivation methods have traditionally been used in studies of bacterial microbiome species, a large number of bacterial strains cannot be grown in the laboratory. Since standard culture-dependent methods detect fewer than 1% of all bacterial species, a metagenomic approach could be used to detect bacteria that cannot be cultivated. The skin microbiome exhibits spatial distribution associated with the microenvironment (sebaceous, moist, and dry areas). However, although disturbance of the skin microbiome can lead to a number of pathological conditions and diseases, it is still not clear whether skin diseases result from change in the microbiome or cause such a change. Thus far, the skin microbiome has been studied in atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, and rosacea. Studies on the possible association between changes in the microbiome and their association with skin diseases have improved the understanding of disease development, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The identification of the bacterial markers associated with particular inflammatory skin diseases would significantly accelerate the diagnostics and reduce treatment costs. Microbiota research and determination could facilitate the identification of potential causes of skin diseases that cannot be detected by simpler methods, thereby contributing to the design and development of more effective therapies.

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50

Bazaev, V. T., M. B. Tseboeva, M. S. Tsarueva, and V. F. Dzhanaev. "PEMPHIGUS VEGETANS IMITATING SKIN CANCER." Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases 20, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9588-2017-20-3-146-150.

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Case of a rare form of vegetating true acantholytic pemphigus with atypical manifestations on the face and scalp, interpreted as skin cancer, is described. The process was accompanied by the generation of high level of immunoglobulin G only to desmoglein type 3. This example demonstrates the difficulty in the diagnostics of true pemphigus not only for general doctors of different specialties but also for dermatologists.

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