Статті в журналах: "Skin Blood-vessels"

1

Tellechea, Ana, Antonios Kafanas, Ermelindo C. Leal, Francesco Tecilazich, Sarada Kuchibhotla, Michael E. Auster, Iraklis Kontoes, et al. "Increased Skin Inflammation and Blood Vessel Density in Human and Experimental Diabetes." International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds 12, no. 1 (February 26, 2013): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534734612474303.

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Systemic inflammation is associated with impaired wound healing in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Using immunohistochemistry techniques, the authors investigated changes in skin inflammation and skin blood vessels in human and experimental diabetes. Comparing to the non-DM human subjects, the total number of inflammatory cells per biopsy and the number of inflammatory cells around blood vessels, a strong indication of inflammation, were higher in DM subjects irrespective of their risk for developing diabetic foot ulcer. Inflammatory cell infiltration was robustly increased in all DM animal models compared with their non-DM controls. The number and density of blood vessels and CD31 positive proliferating endothelial cells around preexisting skin vessels was also higher in the DM patients. However, there were no differences in the skin blood flow between the non-DM and DM subjects. The number of skin blood vessels was also increased in the DM animals; however, these differences were less obvious than the ones observed for inflammatory cells. We conclude that skin inflammation and skin blood vessel density is increased in diabetic human subjects and in rodent and rabbit models of diabetes.

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2

YAMAOKA, Yoshihisa. "Visualization of Skin Blood Vessels by Photoacoustic Microscopy." Review of Laser Engineering 48, no. 12 (2020): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.48.12_660.

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3

KUROZAWA, Y., Y. NASU, and T. NOSE. "Response of capsaicin pretreated skin blood vessels to exercise." Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 141, no. 2 (February 1991): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1991.tb09066.x.

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4

Silver, Frederick H., Tanmay Deshmukh, Nicole Ryan, Arielle Romm, and Hari Nadiminti. "“Fingerprinting” Benign and Cancerous Skin Lesions Using Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography: Differentiation among Cancerous Lesion Types Based on the Presence of New Cells, Blood Vessels, and Fibrosis." Biomolecules 12, no. 10 (September 21, 2022): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12101332.

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In this study, we use vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to examine the morphology and stiffness of benign and cancerous lesions. Lesion images and 3D plots of weighted displacement versus frequency and depth were used to compare the cellular, dermal collagen, new blood vessels, and fibrotic composition of normal skin, actinic keratoses (AK), nodular and superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and melanomas. The results of this study suggest that benign and cancerous lesions differ based on the addition of new cells with increased resonant frequency and stiffness (80Hz, 1.8MPa), new blood vessel peaks (130Hz, 4.10MPa) that appear to be less stiff than normal blood vessels, and new fibrous tissue peaks (260Hz, 15–17 MPa) that are present in carcinomas but not in normal skin and only partially present (80Hz and 130Hz only) in AKs. Results obtained by creating images based on the location of the 80Hz, 130Hz, and 260Hz peaks of cancerous skin lesions suggest that the fibrous tissue appears to surround the new cells and new lesion blood vessels. The results of this study suggest that the morphology and location of the fibrous tissues in relation to the new cancer-associated cells and lesion blood vessels may provide information on the invasiveness and metastatic potential of skin cancers. The invasiveness and metastatic potential of melanomas may be a result of the cancer-associated cells laying down fibrous tissue that is used as a pathway for migration. The new cancer-associated blood vessels in the vicinity of the new cancer-associated cells may promote this migration and eventual metastasis. The ratios of peak heights 50/130Hz and 80/130Hz of normal cells, new lesion cells, new lesion blood vessels, and fibrotic tissue may be used as a “fingerprint” for detecting melanoma and to differentiate it from other skin cancers non-invasively using VOCT.

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5

Przhedetskiy, Yu V., V. V. Pozdnyakova, N. A. Maximova, O. V. Khokhlova, N. A. Zakharova, M. G. Ilchenko, and V. Yu Przhedetskaya. "Use of skin-fascial flaps on perforating vessels in the surgical treatment of skin melanoma." South Russian Journal of Cancer 1, no. 3 (August 27, 2020): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37748/2687-0533-2020-1-3-2.

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Purpose of the study. Improving the results of surgical treatment of melanoma of the skin of the extremities by using skin-fascial flaps on perforating vessels.Patients and methods. In 42 patients with limb skin melanoma T1–3N0M0, the closure of a skin defect was performed by islet flaps on perforating vessels. Perforating vessels of the donor zone were detected with an assessment of the blood supply of the flaps in the pre- and postoperative period using ultrasound and marking of perforants with adjustment of the preliminary marking of the flaps.Results. Permanent perforating vessels with a diameter of more than 1 mm were used. After excision of the tumor, on the opposite sides of the wound defect, taking into account the location of the perforating vessels, flaps were taken, with further mobilization by excision of the fiber and muscle fascia, they were separated from the underlying tissues while maintaining the integrity of the supply vessels. The circulatory state of the selected flaps was determined by skin color and capillary response to digital pressure. The flaps were displaced to the center, covered the area of the defect and sutured with single sutures, the edges of the donor wound were mobilized, sutured with single sutures until light tension appeared and sutured into the remaining wound defect. In the postoperative period, the determination of the parameters of the blood flow of perforating vessels showed the absence of hemodynamically significant violations of the blood flow during the movement of the flap. Transient ischemia of one of the oncoming flaps after surgery developed in 11.9%, marginal necrosis of the distal flap — in 7.1% of cases. A normotrophic scar was formed, with a width of not more than 0.3 cm, which aesthetically satisfied 92.8% of patients. Assessment of two-year relapse-free survival showed a complete absence of local relapses.Conclusion. The flaps vascularized by perforating vessels have high viability, are identical in color and texture to the skin of the recipient area, and the close proximity to the receiving area contributes to minimal deformation of the donor area, which increases the radicality of the operation, reduces the incidence of postoperative complications and improves аesthetic and functional results.

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6

Rossi, Antonella, Francesca Sozio, Piersante Sestini, Elisabetta A. Renzoni, Korsa Khan, Christopher P. Denton, David J. Abraham, and Elisabetta Weber. "Lymphatic and blood vessels in scleroderma skin, a morphometric analysis." Human Pathology 41, no. 3 (March 2010): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humpath.2009.08.009.

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7

Esta�ol, Bruno, Marco Vinicio Corona, Yolanda El�as, Jos� Francisco T�llez-Zenteno, Oscar Infante, and Guillermo Garc�a-Ramos. "Sympathetic co-activation of skin blood vessels and sweat glands." Clinical Autonomic Research 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10286-004-0170-6.

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8

Abreu Velez, Ana Maria, Bruce R. Smoller, and Michael S. Howard. "Leukocytoclastic vasculitis induced by medications displaying colocalizing lesional deposits for CD15, myeloperoxidase and HLA-DPDQDR: A Yin and Yang?" Our Dermatology Online 13, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7241/ourd.20224.16.

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Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is an inflammatory disease of small blood vessels; circulating immune complexes are part of the disease. A 57-year-old female presented with a sudden appearance of palpable purpura with petechial hemorrhages on the lower limbs after taking multiple medications. Skin biopsies were stained for H&E, direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The DIF revealed strong staining with multiple immunoglobulins and other markers in small dermal blood vessels, including those around skin appendices The IHC was positive for myeloperoxidase. CD15, myeloperoxidase and HLA-DPDQDR on the upper dermal blood vessels, as well as on inflammatory cells and debris around the vessels. These findings have not been previously documented and may indicate that circulating immune complexes activate the neutrophils.

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9

Tohya, Kazuo, Shiori Urabe, Jun Igarashi, Taro Tomura, Akemi Take, and Michio Kimura. "Appearance of Peculiar Vessels with Immunohistological Features of High Endothelial Venules in the Dermis of Moxibustion-Stimulated Rat Skin." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 28, no. 03n04 (January 2000): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x00000507.

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Morphological changes of the dermal blood vessels of moxibustion-stimulated rat skin were examined with reference to the lymphocyte migration. After long-term stimulation with direct moxibustion to the acupoint Tsu-San-Li (St-36), peculiar vessels that possess immunohistological features of high endothelial venules could be observed in the moxa-stimulated acupoint dermis. Endothelial cells of the vessels had well-developed Golgi apparatus in their plump cytoplasms, and they strongly expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-l on the luminal surface. These data suggest that the appearance of the peculiar vessels in the dermis acts toward the active infiltration of blood-lymphocytes into the acupoint skin.

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10

Lackovic, Vesna, M. Bajcetic, Nadezda Sternic, V. Kostic, Jasna Zidverc, Aleksandra Pavlovic, Maja Lackovic, and Mladen Kocica. "Ultrastructural analysis of small blood vessels in skin biopsies in CADASIL." Archives of Biological Sciences 60, no. 4 (2008): 573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0804573l.

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Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited small- and medium-artery disease of the brain caused by mutation of the Notch3 gene. Very often, this disease is misdiagnosed. We examined skin biopsies in two members of the first discovered Serbian family affected by CADASIL. Electron microscopy showed that skin blood vessels of both patients contain numerous deposits of granular osmiophilic material (GOM) around vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We observed degeneration of VSMCs, reorganization of their cytoskeleton and dense bodies, disruption of myoendothelial contacts, and apoptosis. Our results suggest that the presence of GOM in small skin arteries represents a specific marker in diagnosis of CADASIL.

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11

MAZLOOMZADEH, M., and A. SABOONCHI. "DEVELOPING ANALYTICAL MODELS OF PREDICTING SKIN TEMPERATURE AND DAMAGE EXTENT FROM SINGLE-LAYER INTO MULTI-LAYER ONES." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, no. 07 (November 2016): 1650100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416501001.

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As a starting point for developing analytical models of predicting skin temperature and damage extent into multi-layer ones, a double-layer model consisting of two distinguished and attached layers is considered: a tissue layer containing blood vessels and a tissue layer containing no blood vessels. The Pennes model is applied for the tissue containing blood vessels. Applying the Laplace transform, then the inversion theorem for Laplace transforms and the Cauchy residue theorem, the desired skin temperature function is obtained. Applying the temperature function in a damage model, the severity and degree of damage can be determined. Validating this model against previous analytical, numerical and experimental data, the error rate is determined.

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12

Edalatpour, Armin, Katherine M. Lucarelli, and Ahmed M. Afifi. "Can indocyanine green perfusion imaging detect microangiopathy in mastectomy skin flaps?" Breast Disease 40, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bd-201050.

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Intraoperative vascular imaging using indocyanine green (ICG) angiography may better predict flap viability than clinical judgement alone. Intraoperative ICG angiography was used in a chronic corticosteroid user undergoing bilateral nipple sparing mastectomy with expander placement. Large blood vessels were visualized, however, the skin surrounding these vessels remained dark. The flap demarcated to full-thickness necrosis that matched the intraoperative SPY findings. Visualization of intact blood vessels may not be sufficient to rule out flap necrosis in some patients. In these circumstances, interpretation of perfusion with consideration of patient factors will be required to accurately predict flap viability.

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13

Chénier, S., and M. Doré. "P-Selectin Expression in Canine Cutaneous Inflammatory Diseases and Mast Cell Tumors." Veterinary Pathology 35, no. 2 (March 1998): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030098589803500201.

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P-selectin, a member of the selectin family of adhesion molecules, mediates the initial adhesion of leukocytes to the blood vessel wall during their emigration from the circulation. Adhesion molecules play an important role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including various skin conditions. The objectives of the present study were to characterize the expression of vascular P-selectin in the skin of dogs suffering from inflammatory diseases or from common cutaneous neoplasms, and to determine if a correlation exists between P-selectin expression and inflammatory cell infiltration in these conditions. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed canine skin using a specific anti-canine P-selectin monoclonal antibody (MD3). Results showed that P-selectin was minimally expressed in normal canine skin. However, the number of P-selectin-expressing blood vessels was significantly increased ( P < 0.05) in cases of allergic dermatitis, autoimmune dermatitis, pyogranulomatous dermatitis, dermatophytosis, and panniculitis. Highest P-selectin expression (percentage of MD3-positive vessels and intensity of the reaction) was observed in cases of autoimmune and pyogranulomatous dermatitis (55.3 ± 7.4 and 44.0 ± 9.9% P-selectin-positive vessels, respectively). In all conditions studied, a positive correlation existed between the number of P-selectin-positive blood vessels and the number of infiltrating leukocytes ( r = 0.556, P < 0.01). A significant number of blood vessels in mast cell tumors also expressed P-selectin, whereas no staining was observed in any of the histiocytomas examined. These results reveal that P-selectin expression is increased in different types of canine inflammatory skin diseases and suggest that P-selectin could participate in the local recruitment of leukocytes in canine cutaneous diseases.

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14

Škorjanc, Aleš, and Gregor Belušič. "Investigation of blood flow and the effect of vasoactive substances in cutaneous blood vessels of Xenopus laevis." Advances in Physiology Education 39, no. 2 (June 2015): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00160.2014.

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In the present study, a preparation of frog skin was presented, which can be used to demonstrate the basic concepts of blood flow regulation in a very clear and attractive way to high school and university students. In a freshly euthanized Xenopus, a patch of abdominal skin was exposed from the internal side and viewed with a USB microscope while it remained connected to a functioning circulatory system. In this way, it was possible to obtain sharp images of arteries and veins and to visualize blood flow. This allows students to learn about the functional differences between arteries and veins and about the complexity of hemodynamics as well as the particularities of the amphibian pulmocutaneous circulation. Students can then quantitatively estimate the effect of norepinephrine and epinephrine on the diameter of blood vessels by simply superfusing the skin patch with a series of solutions of the two substances. They can also test the effect of α-adrenergic receptor blockers, used to treat high blood pressure, on the norepinephrine-induced muscle tonus of blood vessels.

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15

Ferreira, Raquel A., Claudio R. Lazzari, Marcelo G. Lorenzo, and Marcos H. Pereira. "Do Haematophagous Bugs Assess Skin Surface Temperature to Detect Blood Vessels?" PLoS ONE 2, no. 9 (September 26, 2007): e932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000932.

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16

Zoller, Christian, and Alwin Kienle. "Fast and precise image generation of blood vessels embedded in skin." Journal of Biomedical Optics 24, no. 01 (January 29, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.24.1.015002.

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17

Yadav, Prabha S., Quazi G. Ahmad, Vinay K. Shankhdhar, and G. I. Nambi. "Skin paddle vascularity of free fibula flap - A study of 386 cases and a classification based on contribution from axial vessels of the leg." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 45, no. 01 (January 2012): 058–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.96586.

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ABSTRACT Objective: The skin paddle of the free fibula flap receives its vascular supply from septocutaneous perforators, musculocutaneous perforators or from both, and these perforators might originate from the peroneal or posterior tibial vessels or from both. The objective of this study was to classify the skin paddles based on the dominance of vascular contribution by these axial vessels through their different perforator systems. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 5-year data of 386 free fibula flaps used in oro-mandibular reconstruction was done and the skin paddle vascularity was studied. While majority of the skin paddles received their blood supply from the peroneal septocutaneous perforators, a few had their dominant supply from the soleus musculocutaneous perforators in addition to peroneal septocutaneous perforators. In few cases, the soleus musculocutaneous perforators were the sole source of blood supply to the skin paddle. The limitation in this study was the inability to augment the clinical observation with cadaveric study. Results: The skin paddle of the free fibula flap was classified into four different types (a-d) based on the dominance of vascular contribution by axial vessels of the leg. Conclusion: The skin paddle of the free fibula flap has reliable blood supply, but a thorough knowledge of the variations in vascular pattern of the skin paddle is required especially to salvage the larger paddles used in the reconstruction complex oro-mandibular defects.

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18

Omurzakova, Aliya Turatbekovna, and Vladimir Aleksandrovich Izranov. "ULTRASOUND AS USEFUL TOOL FOR EVALUATION AGE-RELATED CHANGES AND PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS OF THE FACE SKIN." EurasianUnionScientists 1, no. 8(77) (September 16, 2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.1.77.964.

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Various skin parameters such as the thickness of the epidermal echo, dermis and subcutaneous tissue, the surface area of individual layers, the thickness of the subepidermal layer with a low echogenic effect, the caliber of blood vessels, as well as the presence or absence of blood flow in the vessels, can be investigated with ultrasound. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate age-related changes and pathological lesions of the face skin using ultrasound examination of the different anatomical areas of the face in young and older women.

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19

Kanameishi, Shuto, Sachiko Ono, Yuki Honda Keith, Ryota Asahina, Tetsuya Honda та Kenji Kabashima. "Lymphotoxin β receptor signaling mediates the formation of high endothelial venule-like vessels in atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in mice". Journal of Immunology 208, № 1_Supplement (1 травня 2022): 48.06. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.48.06.

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Abstract High endothelial venules (HEVs) are specialized blood vessels contribute to the trafficking of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs by expressing a group of L-selectin ligands called peripheral node addressins (PNAd). In lymph nodes (LNs), lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) signaling from dendritic cells (DCs) is essential for the formation of HEVs. On the other hand, PNAd+ HEV-like vessels are observed in the skin under certain inflammatory conditions, such as atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the characteristics and the formation mechanism of HEV-like vessels in the inflammatory skin remains unclear. To address these issues, we first identified PNAd+ HEV-like vessels in the skin using a calcipotriol-induced mouse AD model. HEV-like vessels were located in the postcapillary venules abundant in cellular organelles, which were similar to HEVs in LNs. Blockade of LTβR-signaling by administration of LTβR-Fc fusion protein markedly decreased the formation of HEV-like vessels in the AD-like skin. Analysis using published single-cell RNA-seq data of human AD skin revealed that T cells and DCs highly expressed LTB, a gene encoding LTβ. The expression of LTB was highlighted in T cells by RNAscope in both human AD lesions and mouse AD-like skin. The formation of HEV-like vessels in AD-like skin was normal in Ltbfl/flCD11cCre mice, but was partially impaired in Ltbfl/flCD4Cre mice. Collectively, HEV-like vessels in the inflammatory skin show similar characteristics to HEVs in LNs, and LTβR signaling, partly by LTβ from T cells, is responsible for their formation.

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20

Huggenberger, Reto, Shoib S. Siddiqui, Daniela Brander, Stefan Ullmann, Kathrin Zimmermann, Maria Antsiferova, Sabine Werner, Kari Alitalo, and Michael Detmar. "An important role of lymphatic vessel activation in limiting acute inflammation." Blood 117, no. 17 (April 28, 2011): 4667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-10-316356.

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Abstract In contrast to the established role of blood vessel remodeling in inflammation, the biologic function of the lymphatic vasculature in acute inflammation has remained less explored. We studied 2 established models of acute cutaneous inflammation, namely, oxazolone-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and ultraviolet B irradiation, in keratin 14-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and keratin 14-VEGF-D transgenic mice. These mice have an expanded network of cutaneous lymphatic vessels. Transgenic delivery of the lymphangiogenic factors VEGF-C and the VEGFR-3 specific ligand mouse VEGF-D significantly limited acute skin inflammation in both experimental models, with a strong reduction of dermal edema. Expression of VEGFR-3 by lymphatic endothelium was strongly down-regulated at the mRNA and protein level in acutely inflamed skin, and no VEGFR-3 expression was detectable on inflamed blood vessels and dermal macrophages. There was no major change of the inflammatory cell infiltrate or the composition of the inflammatory cytokine milieu in the inflamed skin of VEGF-C or VEGF-D transgenic mice. However, the increased network of lymphatic vessels in these mice significantly enhanced lymphatic drainage from the ear skin. These results provide evidence that specific lymphatic vessel activation limits acute skin inflammation via promotion of lymph flow from the skin and reduction of edema formation.

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21

Gazyakan, Emre, Huang-Kai Kao, Ming-Huei Cheng, and Holger Engel. "Laser Doppler Flowmetry to Differentiate Arterial From Venous Occlusion in Free Tissue Transfer." Plastic Surgery 27, no. 4 (September 19, 2019): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2292550319876666.

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Purpose: The differentiation of arterial versus venous occlusion in free tissue transfers has rarely been described. This study investigated changes in blood flow caused by arterial and venous occlusion and the potential for laser Doppler flowmetry to distinguish between these 2 conditions for better clinical assessment and management of free tissue transfer. Methods: Six patients with a mean age of 43.5 years underwent microsurgical free tissue transfer. The venous and arterial blood flow of the vessels and skin flap were monitored using laser Doppler flowmetry with high-frequency pulsed Doppler transducers for vessels and skin before, during, and after clamping the vessels for 10 minutes. Results: The average decreases in blood flow in the artery and vein caused by clamping were 94.4% and 93.8%, respectively. On average, arterial occlusion demonstrated a sudden drop of 67.7% and venous occlusion caused a decrease of 26.6% on laser Doppler flowmetry in free tissue skin. Conclusion: Using a vessel-holding probe, laser Doppler flowmetry could be used to differentiate between arterial and venous occlusion in free tissue transfer, thereby aiding decision-making for better clinical management.

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Wight, T. N., G. J. Raugi, S. M. Mumby, and P. Bornstein. "Light microscopic immunolocation of thrombospondin in human tissues." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 33, no. 4 (April 1985): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/33.4.3884704.

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Affinity-purified antisera against thrombospondin were used to locate the presence of this glycoprotein in frozen sections of several human tissues by immunofluorescence techniques. Immunostaining was observed in the peritubular connective tissue and in basement membrane regions beneath glandular epithelium in skin and lung. Intense immunostaining was observed at the dermal-epidermal junction in skin and in small blood vessels throughout this tissue. Skeletal muscle exhibited positive staining with anti-thrombospondin antisera within interstitial areas. Immunostaining was confined to the luminal portions of large blood vessels such as aorta. In large blood vessels that contained lesions of atherosclerosis, immunostaining was observed throughout the lesion area and was especially prominent surrounding some of the lesion cells. These results indicate that thrombospondin is located within the matrix of a variety of human tissues and supports the suggestion that this glycoprotein is an endogenous component of some extracellular matrices.

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23

Lim, Jaekwan, Sungwoo Lee, Zhendong Su, Hong Bae Kim, Jung Sun Yoo, Kwang-Sup Soh, Sungchul Kim, and Yeon Hee Ryu. "Primo Vascular System Accompanying a Blood Vessel from Tumor Tissue and a Method to Distinguish It from the Blood or the Lymph System." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/949245.

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A primo vessel was observed in the abdominal cavity in the lung cancer mouse model, and its function as an extra metastatic path was observed. In this work, we found a primo vessel accompanying a blood vessel emanating from a tumor in the skin. We also presented simple and efficient criteria to distinguish a primo vessel from a blood or a lymph vessel and from a nerve. The criteria for using DAPI and Phalloidin will be useful in clinical situations to find and identify the primo vessels among the blood vessels, lymph vessels, or nerves in the tissue surrounding a tumor such as a melanoma or breast cancer.

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Nakarmi, Kiran K., and Sikshya Prakash Shrestha. "Degloving Injury: Different Ways of Management." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 15, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v15i1.23565.

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Degloving injury involves shearing of the skin from the underlying tissue due to differential gliding in response to the tangential force applied to the surface of the body leading to disruption of all the blood vessels connected to skin. The flap of degloved skin has precarious blood supply making it almost impossible for the flap to survive. We describe two cases of degloving of thigh managed differently in different settings.

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Nakarmi, Kiran K., and Sikshya Prakash Shrestha. "Degloving Injury: Different Ways of Management." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 16, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v16i1.24237.

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Degloving injury involves shearing of the skin from the underlying tissue due to differential gliding in response to the tangential force applied to the surface of the body leading to disruption of all the blood vessels connected to skin. The flap of degloved skin has precarious blood supply making it almost impossible for the flap to survive. We describe two cases of degloving of thigh managed differently in different settings.

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26

Khachatryan, L. A., D. M. Nikolaeva, and A. P. Shcherbakov. "When the disease goes beyond the skin, changes in the skin can be a sign of systemic disease." Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 19, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-3-95-104.

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Infantile hemangioma may be accompanied by malformations of internal organs and blood vessels. In 1996 PHACE syndrome was defined as a disease which is characterized by the association of segmental infantile hemangioma with localization in the head/neck region and the presence of malformations in the posterior cranial fossa, abnormalities of arterial blood vessels including coarctation of the aorta, heart defects, as well as malformations of the eyes and central nervous system. This article presents a clinical case of a child who was diagnosed this syndrome at the age of 1.5 months based on the presence of segmental hemangioma, as well as large and small criteria specific for this disease. In addition to the main symptoms, the child had an accompanying pathology: Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome. Therapy with non-selective b-blockers and polychemotherapy allowed stopping already developed and prevent possible complications associated with this syndrome. Parents gave their consent to use information about the child, including fotos, in the article.

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Ramadhanti, Nanda Amalia, Willy Sandhika, and Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo. "The Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract on Inflammation Reaction of Skin Wound Tissue in Rattus novergicus Wistar Strain." Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/bikk.v33.1.2021.48-54.

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Background: Snakehead fish has been associated with wound healing due to its high albumin content. Albumin can accelerate the inflammatory process so that tissue repair will be faster. Lack of albumin protein causes a person tend to experience prolonged wound healing. Purpose: This study aims to prove the effect of snakehead fish extract on the number of macrophages and blood vessels on the inflammatory reaction of skin wound tissue in rats. Methods: Laboratory experimental design with a total sample size of 27 male rats have undergone incisions, divided into 3 random groups: control group was given aquadest, treatment group 1was given aquadest and 50% extract of snakehead fish, and treatment group 2 was given 100% extract of snakehead fish. The rat’s skin wound tissues were taken on day 5 and observed under the microscope. The average number of macrophages and blood vessels on granulation tissue that formed at the base of the wound were counted and then performed data analysis. Result: In this study, we found a down wards trend in the average number of macrophages and blood vessels in treatment group 1 and treatment group 2. The control group and the treatment group 2 showed a significant difference, however, between the other groups did not show significant difference. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of giving 100% snakehead fish extract on decreased macrophages and blood vessels in the inflammatory reaction of skin wound tissue.

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Tsutsumi, Moe, Maki Fukuda, Junichi Kumamoto, Makiko Goto, Sumiko Denda, Kenshi Yamasaki, Setsuya Aiba, Masaharu Nagayama, and Mitsuhiro Denda. "Abnormal Morphology of Blood Vessels in Erythematous Skin From Atopic Dermatitis Patients." American Journal of Dermatopathology 38, no. 5 (May 2016): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dad.0000000000000373.

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29

Lim, Thiam H., Ian M. Leitch, Alan L. A. Boura, Mark A. Read, and William A. W. Walters. "Effects of Bufo marinus skin toxins on human fetal extracorporeal blood vesseLS." Toxicon 35, no. 2 (February 1997): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-0101(96)00131-6.

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30

Li, Xiaojie, and Adams Wai Kin Kong. "A multi-model restoration algorithm for recovering blood vessels in skin images." Image and Vision Computing 61 (May 2017): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2017.02.006.

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31

Nelson, J. S., T. E. Milner, B. S. Tanenbaum, D. M. Goodman, and M. J. C. Van Gemert. "Infra-red tomography of port-wine-stain blood vessels in human skin." Lasers in Medical Science 11, no. 3 (September 1996): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02156765.

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32

Ruocco, Isabella, A. Claudio Cuello, Andr� Parent, and Alfredo Ribeiro-Da-Silva. "Skin blood vessels are simultaneously innervated by sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic fibers." Journal of Comparative Neurology 448, no. 4 (May 28, 2002): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.10241.

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33

Cojocaru, M., Inimioara Mihaela Cojocaru, and B. Chicoş. "New insight into the rheumatoid vasculitis." Romanian Journal Of Internal Medicine 53, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjim-2015-0017.

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Abstract Vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid vasculitis, RV) has a heterogeneous clinical presentation that includes skin disorders, neuropathy, eye symptoms and systemic inflammation. Rheumatoid vasculitis is an unusual complication of longstanding, severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While RA affects the body’s joints, vasculitis is a condition in which blood vessels become inflamed. Rheumatoid vasculitis occurs in approximately 2 to 5% of patients who have RA. The blood vessels most often involved are arteries that bring blood to the skin, nerves, and internal organs. Veins can also be involved. Rheumatoid vasculitis is skin condition that is a typical feature of RA, presenting as peripheral vascular lesions that are localized (purpura, cutaneous ulceration, and gangrene of the distal parts of the extremities). The cause of RV is unknown, but given the prominence of immune components and the pathologic changes in involved blood vessels, an autoimmune process is suggested. Compared to other forms of vasculitis, there has been relatively little research in recent years on the specific entity of RV. There is some evidence that the incidence of RV has decreased over the past several decades, perhaps because of a better treatment of the underlying RA. In the present review, we discuss the clinical features, laboratory tests, the pathogenesis of RV.

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34

Kuna, Vijay K., Arvind M. Padma, Joakim Håkansson, Jan Nygren, Robert Sjöback, Sarunas Petronis, and Suchitra Sumitran-Holgersson. "Significantly Accelerated Wound Healing of Full-Thickness Skin Using a Novel Composite Gel of Porcine Acellular Dermal Matrix and Human Peripheral Blood Cells." Cell Transplantation 26, no. 2 (February 2017): 293–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x692690.

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Here we report the fabrication of a novel composite gel from decellularized gal-gal-knockout porcine skin and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) for full-thickness skin wound healing. Decellularized skin extracellular matrix (ECM) powder was prepared via chemical treatment, freeze drying, and homogenization. The powder was mixed with culture medium containing hyaluronic acid to generate a pig skin gel (PSG). The effect of the gel in regeneration of full-thickness wounds was studied in nude mice. We found significantly accelerated wound closure already on day 15 in animals treated with PSG only or PSG + hPBMCs compared to untreated and hyaluronic acid-treated controls ( p < 0.05). Addition of the hPBMCs to the gel resulted in marked increase of host blood vessels as well as the presence of human blood vessels. At day 25, histologically, the wounds in animals treated with PSG only or PSG + hPBMCs were completely closed compared to those of controls. Thus, the gel facilitated generation of new skin with well-arranged epidermal cells and restored bilayer structure of the epidermis and dermis. These results suggest that porcine skin ECM gel together with human cells may be a novel and promising biomaterial for medical applications especially for patients with acute and chronic skin wounds.

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35

Estañol, B., P. Coyac, H. Sentı´es-Madrid, Y. Elı´as, R. Martı´nez-Memije, O. Infante, C. Lerma, and G. Garcı´a-Ramos. "P35.12 Rhythmic oscillations of skin blood flow: A window to the function of the sympathetic fibers to the skin blood vessels." Clinical Neurophysiology 117 (September 2006): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.597.

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36

Akan, MAB, MR Amin, MMR Sibli, AM Shahinoor, M. Anisuzzaman, MN Islam, and MN Zaman. "Histological Analysis of Vascular and Collagen Tissues in the Ventral and Corresponding Dorsal Skin of Mid-Penile Hypospadiac Penis at the Meatal and Coronal Levels: A Comparative Study." Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i1.15158.

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Background: Hypospadias where surgery is the only option to correct this birth defect which is usually associated with post-operative urethrocutaneous fistula formation even in best hands. The site of fistula is mostly at coronal level (80%) and less common at meatal level. Many factors are supposed to be responsible for causation of this fistula, important one is the developmentally defective ventral penile skin at and / or distal to the urethral meatus where some local healing factors like vascular and collagen tissues are insufficient. Objective: To determine histologically whether the ventral skin of hypospadiac penis at the meatal and coronal levels differ from the corresponding dorsal skin levels in terms of vascular and collagen tissue. Study design: Observational comparative study. Place of study: (1) Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka. Period of study: December 2008 to 15 May 2010. Materials & Methods: A total of 10 patients with mid-penile hypospadias without chordee were included in this study. Representative skin tissues were collected from ventral skin and corresponding dorsal skin of the meatal and coronal levels of every patient. Haematoxylin-eosin stained slides were prepared from each tissue specimen and were examined under microscope to determine the differences in blood vessels and collagen tissues distribution. Paired t test was used to test the significance of differences. Results: Significantly lower proportion of sectioned blood vessels was found in the ventral skin than in the dorsal skin at the coronal level. The proportion of sectioned collagen fibre bundles was also significantly lower in the dorsal skin than in the ventral skin at the coronal level. Conclusion: This study reveals difference in distribution of blood vessels and collagen fibre bundle in the ventral skin in comparison with corresponding dorsal skin of hypospadiac penis at meatal and coronal levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v2i1.15158 Journal of Paediatric Surgeons of Bangladesh (2011) Vol. 2 (1): 17-21

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37

Xiang, Jing, Yu Zhao, Jian Fu, Xiao Cheng, Qin Xue, and Yin Wang. "Clinicopathological Features of Churg-Strauss Syndrome With Severe Nerve Degeneration: A Case Report." Medicina 48, no. 5 (May 25, 2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina48050035.

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Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a rare autoimmune vasculitis of unknown etiology that involves small- and medium-sized blood vessels. Its onset is thought to be associated with adult-onset asthma, and vasculitis typically involves vessels in the lungs. However, due to increased blood and tissue eosinophilia, vasculitis may result in the involvement multiple systems of (neurological, skin, etc.). We report a case of CSS with manifestations that included skin purpura and severe peripheral nerve degeneration in a 56-year-old woman with a recent history of asthma. After the treatment with methylprednisolone and standard immunosuppressive therapy, her rashes resolved, there were no acute asthma attacks, and the numbness in her lower limbs improved.

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38

Nagasaka, T., K. Hirata, T. Mano, S. Iwase, and Y. Rossetti. "Heat-induced finger vasoconstriction controlled by skin sympathetic nerve activity." Journal of Applied Physiology 68, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.71.

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Finger blood flow (BF) and skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSA) to the glabrous side of the hand were measured during immersion of the hand in a water bath in which temperature (Tw) was raised every 10 min by steps of 2 degrees C from 35 or 37 to 41 degrees C. The experiments were conducted during the summer in rooms in which ambient temperature was 28-32 degrees C or 35 degrees C. The nine healthy male subjects were wearing summer clothes. Finger BF through vessels located deep in the skin was measured by using laser-Doppler flowmetry (ALF-2100, Advance). With the use of a tungsten microelectrode SSA was recorded directly from the median nerve at the wrist or antecubital fossa of the tested arm. With finger vessels already dilated at Tw of 35 or 37 degrees C, finger BF decreased, with a concomitant increase in the SSA bursts as Tw rose to 39-41 degrees C. We confirmed in one subject that anesthetic blockade of the median nerve at the site proximal, but not distal, to the recording site blocked responses to the step rise in Tw in the SSA bursts and in finger BF. From these results we conclude that, with the subject in a warm state, blood vessels of the finger respond to local heating with vasoconstriction, and this finger vasoconstriction is evoked reflexively, largely through the increased sympathetic outflow to the resistance vessels of the finger.

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39

Kakasheva-Mazhenkovska, Lena, Neli Basheska, Simonida Crvenkova, Petrushevska Gordana, Liljana Milenkova, Vesna Janevska, and Vladimir Serafimoski. "Correlation Between Microvessel Density and Morphological Features in Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma." PRILOZI 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/prilozi-2017-0009.

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AbstractIntroduction. Abnormal angiogenesis is described in tumor growth and it facilitates its metastatic spread. Tumors with high angiogenic activity belong to the category of aggressive tumors with poor prognosis for patients.The aim of this study was to determine the blood vessels density (BVD), i.e. neovascularization at the tumor invasive front in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in order to determine its possible role in the tumor progression, and to correlate it to the blood vessels density of healthy skin and with the prognostic parameters of the TNM classification: T status, depth of tumor invasion (DI) and tumor histological grade (G), which were also correlated between each other.Material and Methods. The material consisted of surgical specimens obtained from 30 patients with skin SCC, who underwent surgery.Tissue samples were routinely processed by standard paraffin technique stained by Hematoxilin-Eosin and immunohistochemically with antibodies against smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD34. The BVD in the invasive front of the neoplasms was correlated to the healthy skin, tumor status (pT), depth of invasion and grade of histological differentiation (pG).Results. The histological analysis has shown a high statistical difference in the density of blood vessels in SCC compared to the healthy skin and statistical difference in BVD in neoplasms with different depth of invasion and different grade of differentiation. The density of neovascularzation increased with the deeper invasion and the worse differentiation.Conclusion. The increased vascularization at the invasive front of SCC with deeper invasion and worse differentiation has pointed out to its possible role in neoplasm progression.

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40

Petrofsky, Jerrold, Lee Berk, and Hani Al-Nakhli. "The Influence of Autonomic Dysfunction Associated with Aging and Type 2 Diabetes on Daily Life Activities." Experimental Diabetes Research 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/657103.

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ageing have well documented effects on every organ in the body. In T2D the autonomic nervous system is impaired due to damage to neurons, sensory receptors, synapses and the blood vessels. This paper will concentrate on how autonomic impairment alters normal daily activities. Impairments include the response of the blood vessels to heat, sweating, heat transfer, whole body heating, orthostatic intolerance, balance, and gait. Because diabetes is more prevalent in older individuals, the effects of ageing will be examined. Beginning with endothelial dysfunction, blood vessels have impairment in their ability to vasodilate. With this and synaptic damage, the autonomic nervous system cannot compensate for effectors such as pressure on and heating of the skin. This and reduced ability of the heart to respond to stress, reduces autonomic orthostatic compensation. Diminished sweating causes the skin and core temperature to be high during whole body heating. Impaired orthostatic tolerance, impaired vision and vestibular sensing, causes poor balance and impaired gait. Overall, people with T2D must be made aware and counseled relative to the potential consequence of these impairments.

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41

Hussain Maray, Abdulrafa, Saba Qasim Hasan, and Naqaa Luqman Mohammed. "Design and implementation of low-cost vein-viewer detection using near infrared imaging." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp1039-1046.

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<span lang="EN-US">There are some medicines and medical treatments that need to be injected into the human body through the blood vessels, and this requires placing the cannula in the patient’s body. The blood vessels in the human body differ from one person to another, and medical personnel face major problems in finding the blood vessels in most cases, because of The difference in skin color, where it is difficult to see the blood veins in the skin with black pigment, and it is difficult to find it in people with obesity because of the layers of fat, and in children and newborns because these veins are small. This study talks about finding a way to photograph these veins, see them by design and implementation low cost prototype used equipment that were recycled old device, such as a web camera, infrared lamps and overhead device, All of these devices are of low cost. Then process these images using binary image, histogram equalization, segmentation and threshold to detect these blood veins. The algorithms for edges images detecting are many and complex, this study used five methods to detect vein image, such as Sobel, Laplacian, Canny, Roberts, and Prewitt.</span>

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42

Liu, Jingxuan, Jinyu Fan, Quan Wang, Wen He, Caihua Dong, Minxuan Sun, and Guohua Shi. "Observation of the early blood vessels of cutaneous malignant melanoma using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (SS-OCTA)." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 12, no. 04 (July 2019): 1942005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545819420057.

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Melanoma, characterized by high mortality, rapid development and accompanied with angiogenesis is the most typical malignant tumor in skin cancer. Hence, the detection of blood vessels is of much significance. The early vascular network has small scale. If we remove the tumor early and biopsy it, it will increase the spread of the cancer cells and infection and bleeding. In this case, we presented a new angiography method. A high-resolution OCT system for noninvasive angiographic imaging of early skin melanoma — Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (SS-OCTA) is proposed. With a high lateral resolution of 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m in vivo tomographic angiography, SS-OCTA is used to image and identify the morphology of the early tumor blood vessels. In addition, a control group experiment is conducted to observe the growth of melanoma in the process of rupture, malformation of micro-vessels. The results of the analysis and statistical test ([Formula: see text]) are statistically significant.

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43

Kurniawan, Rifqi, Sitti Rizaliyana, and Beta Subakti Nata’atmadja Nata’atmadja. "Omega-3 effectiveness against viability extended random skin flap in rats." Bali Medical Journal 11, no. 2 (August 14, 2022): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/bmj.v11i2.3471.

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Background: Grafts and flaps are commonly used for wound closure which can be caused by trauma, chronic disease, post excision tumors, burns, and infections. Reconstructive can fail because of the poor wound bed, radiation, vascular insufficiency and reperfusion injury (IR). EPA and DHA (omega-3) are new compounds that have a strong effect on controlling inflammation in the resolution phase. Some studies say that EPA and DHA (omega-3) are described not only to lower plasma triglyceride levels but also have anti-inflammatory effects and improve endothelial function, all of which mediate anti-atherogenic effects. This study aimed to prove whether preoperative omega-3 administration could increase the viability of extended random skin flaps Method: This is an experimental post-test-only control group design. 24 rats were divided into 4 groups. The control group (I and II) only had an extended random skin flap, and the sample was taken on the 3rd day (Group I) and 7th day (Group II) and the treatment group (II and IV). Omega was administered according to the animal dose for 21 days. The extended random skin flap was performed, and the sample was taken 3rd day (Group III) and 7th day (Group IV) and the viability of the extended random skin flap in the study was assessed from the expression of VEGF, the number of capillaries and clinical examination assessed from survival area. Results: Independent T test for each pair in groups I and III showed a significant difference between the mean number of blood vessels in group I and the average number of blood vessels in group III, P=0.000, p<0.005, a significant difference between the mean number of blood vessels in group II and the mean number of blood vessels in group II. group IV blood vessels obtained P = 0.000, p <0.005. Mann-Whitney test found a significant difference between the intensity of VEGF in groups I and III with a value of p=0.031 (p<0.05) and a significant difference in VEGF expression in groups II and IV with p=0.038 (p<0.05). The results of the statistical test of survival area independent T-test for pairs in groups I and III obtained p: 0.353 (p>0.05), and the Mann-Whitney test for groups II and IV obtained p: 0.749 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Consumption of omega 3 oral before surgery increased the viability of the extended random skin flap by histopathologically increasing VEGF expression and capillary count, and omega 3 oral administration before surgery did not increase the viability of the extended random skin flap assessed from the survival area on the first week.

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44

Amoh, Y., L. Li, M. Yang, A. R. Moossa, K. Katsuoka, S. Penman, and R. M. Hoffman. "Nascent blood vessels in the skin arise from nestin-expressing hair-follicle cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 36 (August 26, 2004): 13291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405250101.

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45

Ulrich, M., L. Themstrup, N. de Carvalho, S. Ciardo, J. Holmes, R. Whitehead, J. Welzel, G. B. E. Jemec, and G. Pellacani. "Dynamic optical coherence tomography of skin blood vessels - proposed terminology and practical guidelines." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 32, no. 1 (August 29, 2017): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14508.

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46

Li, Tong, Zhang-Qi Feng, Ke Yan, Tao Yuan, Wuting Wei, Xu Yuan, Chao Wang, Ting Wang, Wei Dong, and Jie Zheng. "Pure OPM nanofibers with high piezoelectricity designed for energy harvesting in vitro and in vivo." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 33 (2018): 5343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb01702f.

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Pure OPM nanofibers with unprecedented high piezoelectricity are successfully fabricated and applied on the skin as a motion sensor and in arterial blood vessels as a nanogenerator for energy harvesting.

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47

Cao, Yilin, and Wei Liu. "Tissue Engineering — A New Technology in China." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 09, no. 14 (July 30, 2005): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030305001837.

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The article is about the tissue engineering research done in China. It discusses various aspects of tissue engineering in China including engineered bones, cartilage, skin, corneal stroma and blood vessels.

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48

Morozova, Elena Anatol'evna, O. Z. Topolnitskiy, V. I. Eliseenko, and M. N. Kornilev. "THE RESULTS OF HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF LASER RADIATION IN THE SELECTIVE PHOTOTHERMOLYSIS MODE ON VASCULAR LESIONS IN EXPERIMENT." Russian Journal of Dentistry 21, no. 5 (October 15, 2017): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2802-2017-21-5-237-241.

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This article is dedicated to the increasing of the effectiveness of treatment of patients with vascular lesions of the skin using the radiation of KTP-Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of532 nm. An experimental research was conducted to study the effect of laser radiation with an energy density of 4, 6, and 8 J/cm2 used on blood vessels ofauricles of experimental animals (rabbits) according to the histological study in dynamics. As a result of the experiment, it was found that laser radiation with a radiation density of up to 4 and 6 J/cm2 does not damage the epidermis of the skin, which indicates the selectivity of the effect on the blood vessels of the rabbit auricles. The histological pattern is distinctive for that ofselective photothermolysis. The processes ofneoangiogenesis, proliferation of fibroblasts, collagen production, fibrillogenesis end with the maturation andfibrous transformation ofthe granulation tissue without its cicatrical deformation. The use of KTP-Nd:YAG laser may increase the quality of treatment of patients with skin lesions.

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49

MANETTI, MIRKO, ANNA FRANCA MILIA, SERENA GUIDUCCI, ELOISA ROMANO, MARCO MATUCCI-CERINIC, and LIDIA IBBA-MANNESCHI. "Progressive Loss of Lymphatic Vessels in Skin of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis." Journal of Rheumatology 38, no. 2 (November 15, 2010): 297–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.100767.

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Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by microvascular and fibrotic changes in the skin and internal organs. The role of blood vessel dysfunction in the pathogenesis of SSc has been extensively investigated, but few studies have addressed the involvement of the lymphatic vascular system. Our aim was to evaluate dermal lymphatic vessels in patients with SSc according to different phases of skin involvement.Methods.Skin biopsies were obtained from the forearm of 25 SSc patients (10 early/15 late-stage disease) and 13 healthy controls. Skin sections were immunostained for podoplanin (D2-40), which is selectively expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells, and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Lymphatic vessels were counted in the papillary and reticular dermis. Data were analyzed using Student’s t test.Results.The number of lymphatic vessels was significantly reduced in the papillary and reticular dermis of SSc patients compared with controls. In early SSc, lymphatic vessel counts were not different from controls in the papillary dermis, and showed a trend toward a reduction in the reticular dermis. In late SSc, a significant reduction in lymphatic vessels compared with controls was found in both the papillary and reticular dermis. The number of lymphatic vessels in the papillary dermis of late SSc was significantly lower than in early SSc.Conclusion.In SSc, lymphatic microangiopathy is linked to the progression of skin involvement. The progressive disappearance of lymphatic vessels may have a critical pathogenetic role in the progression of SSc from an early edematous phase to overt fibrosis.

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50

Carroll, David M., Elizabeth M. Billingsley, and Klaus F. Helm. "Diagnosing Basal Cell Carcinoma by Dermatoscopy." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 3, no. 2 (October 1998): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549800300202.

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Background: Dermatoscopy (DS) has been used primarily to evaluate pigmented skin lesions. Little information is available on DS findings of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Dermatoscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows visualization of cutaneous features from the skin surface to the papillary dermis. Basal cell carcinoma, the most common cutaneous malignancy, is traditionally diagnosed clinically and confirmed with biopsy. Objective: To determine the dermatoscopic features of non-pigmented basal cell carcinomas. Methods: The dermatoscopic findings of 27 lesions that clinically were suspicious for BCC were analyzed. Results: Of these 27 clinically suspect lesions, the biopsies revealed BCC in 20 specimens and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in two specimens. Twenty of these 22 specimens had dermatoscopic findings of BCC: diffusely distributed, branching blood vessels, asymmetric, and narrow blood vessels distributed deeper in the dermis, or a milky-red corona with superficial wide blood vessels. One nodular BCC in our study showed no distinct findings. Conclusions: Many BCCs have characteristic DS findings; however, dermatoscopic examination of some tumours will not demonstrate any known characteristic findings. As such, the DS criteria we propose for BCC are best utilized as an adjunctive study of clinical impressions. Biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic tool.

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