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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "SIZING OF SVC"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "SIZING OF SVC"

Mohd Ali, Nur Zahirah, Ismail Musirin, and Hasmaini Mohamad. "Effect of SVC installation on loss and voltage in power system congestion management." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i1.pp428-435.

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In this paper, a new hybrid optimization technique is proposed namely Adaptive Embedded Clonal Evolutionary Programming (AECEP). This idea comes from the combination part of the clone in an Artificial Immune System (AIS) and then combined with Evolutionary Programming (EP). This technique was implemented to determine the optimal sizing of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices. This study focused on the ability of Static Var Compensator (SVC) is used for the optimal operation of the power system as well as in reducing congestion in power system. In order to determine the location of SVC, the previous study has been done using pre-developed voltage stability index, Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI). Congested lines or buses will be identified based on the highest FVSI value for the purpose of SVC placement. The optimizations were conducted for the SVC sizing under single contingency, where SVC was modeled in steady state analysis. The objective function of this study is to minimize the power loss and improve the voltage profile along with the reduction of congestion with the SVC installation in the system. Validation on the IEEE 30 Bus RTS and IEEE 118 Bus RTS revealed that the proposed technique managed to reduce congestion in power system.

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Abdullah, Ali Najim, Ahmed Majeed Ghadhban, Hayder Salim Hameed, and Husham Idan Hussein. "Enhancement the stability of power system using optimal location of FACTS devices." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i2.pp648-655.

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This paper proposes a steady-state of the Static Var Compensator (SVC) & Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) set up for enhancing the damping overall performance and growing the integral clearing time (CCT) of a power network. The indispensable clearing time is carried out through increasing the time fault interval until the gadget loses stability. Increasing the CCT can be contribute to reliability of the safety gadget, decrease the protection machine ranking and cost. In order to attain most enhancement of machine stability via optimizing location, sizing and control modes of SVC and TCSC. Models and methodology for putting and designing shunt FACT’s units SVC (injected reactive strength Q) and series FACT’s devices TCSC (chose capacitive region) are examined in a 6-bus system. Performance factors are described to show validation of SVC and TCSC on extraordinary conditions. It is proven that the SVC is better than TCSC.

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Duraisamy, Prasanth, and Arul Ponnusamy. "Power System Performance Improvement by Optimal Placement and Sizing of SVC using Genetic Algorithm." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i2.pp55-62.

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The power system loss minimization becomes more important as the need of power generation is more recent days. The loss minimization improves the voltage profile which improves the loadability of the system. In many types of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices static var compensators (SVC) are cost vise it is affordable and it improves the system performance with lesser size. Here SVC is optimally placed in a test system of 30 bus system. Genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal results.

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The power system loss minimization becomes more important as the need of power generation is more recent days. The loss minimization improves the voltage profile which improves the loadability of the system. In many types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices Static Var Compensators (SVC) are cost vise it is affordable and it improves the system performance with lesser size. Here SVC is optimally placed in a test system of 30 bus system. Genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal results.

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Suyono, Hadi, Rini Nur Hasanah, and Paramita Dwi Putri Pranyata. "Optimization of the Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer using PSO Algorithm." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 5472. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp5472-5483.

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The increase of power system demand leads to the change in voltage profile, reliability requirement and system robustness against disturbance. The voltage profile can be improved by providing a source of reactive power through the addition of new power plants, capacitor banks, or implementation of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices such as Static VAR Compensator (SVC), Unified Power Flow Control (UPFC), Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer (TCPST), and many others. Determination of optimal location and sizing of device injection is paramount to produce the best improvement of voltage profile and power losses reduction. In this paper, optimization of the combined advantages of TCPST and TCSC has been investigated using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, being applied to the 30-bus system IEEE standard. The effectiveness of the placement and sizing of TCPST-TCSC combination has been compared to the implementation of capacitor banks. The result showed that the combination of TCPST-TCSC resulted in more effective improvement of system power losses condition than the implementation of capacitor banks. The power losses reduction of 46.47% and 42.03% have been obtained using of TCPST-TCSC combination and capacitor banks respectively. The TCPST-TCSC and Capacitor Bank implementations by using PSO algorithm have also been compared with the implementation of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm. The implementation of the TCSC-TCPST compensation with PSO algorithm have gave a better result than using the capacitor bank with PSO algorithm and SVC with the ABC algorithm.

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Santamaria-Henao, Nicolas, Oscar Danilo Montoya, and César Leonardo Trujillo-Rodríguez. "Optimal Siting and Sizing of FACTS in Distribution Networks Using the Black Widow Algorithm." Algorithms 16, no. 5 (April 27, 2023): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16050225.

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The problem regarding the optimal placement and sizing of different FACTS (flexible alternating current transmission systems) in electrical distribution networks is addressed in this research by applying a master–slave optimization approach. The FACTS analyzed correspond to the unified power flow controller (UPFC), the thyristor-controlled shunt compensator (TCSC, also known as the thyristor switched capacitor, or TSC), and the static var compensator (SVC). The master stage is entrusted with defining the location and size of each FACTS device using hybrid discrete-continuous codification through the application of the black widow optimization (BWO) approach. The slave stage corresponds to the successive approximations power flow method based on the admittance grid formulation, which allows determining the expected costs of the energy losses for a one-year operation period. The numerical results in the IEEE 33-, 69-, and 85-bus grids demonstrate that the best FACTS device for locating in distribution networks is the SVC, given that, when compared to the UPFC and the TCSC, it allows for the best possible reduction in the equivalent annual investment and operating cost. A comparative analysis with the General Algebraic Modeling System software, with the aim to solve the exact mixed-integer nonlinear programming model, demonstrated the proposed BWO approach’s effectiveness in determining the best location and size for the FACTS in radial distribution networks. Reductions of about 12.63% and 13.97% concerning the benchmark cases confirmed that the SVC is the best option for reactive power compensation in distribution grids.

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Thasnas, Natakorn, and Apirat Siritaratiwat. "Static Voltage Stability Margin Enhancement Using Shunt Capacitor, SVC and STATCOM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.288.

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This paper presents the study of static voltage stability margin enhancement using shunt capacitor, SVC and STATCOM. AC and DC representations of shunt compensation devices are used in the continuation power flow process in static voltage stability study. Various performance measures including PV curves, voltage profiles, and power losses are compared. Placement and sizing techniques of shunt compensation devices are proposed for loading margin enhancement. The study has been carried out on the IEEE 14 bus test system.

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Hasma Abdullah, Nor Rul, Mahaletchumi A. P Morgan, Mahfuzah Mustafa, Rosdiyana Samad, and Dwi Pebrianti. "Multi-Objective Evolutionary Programming for Static VAR Compensator (SVC) in Power System Considering Contingencies (N-m)." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i2.pp880-888.

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Static VAR Compensators (SVCs) is a Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) device that can control the power flow in transmission lines by injecting capacitive or inductive current components at the midpoint of interconnection line or in load areas. This device is capable of minimizing the overall system losses and concurrently improves the voltage stability. A line index, namely SVSI becomes indicator for the placement of SVC and the parameters of SVCs are tuned by using the multi-objective evolutionary programming technique, effectively able to control the power. The algorithm was tested on IEEE-30 Bus Reliability Test System (RTS). Comparative studies were conducted based on the performance of SVC in terms of their location and sizing for installations in power system.

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Mohd Ali, N. Z., I. Musirin, and H. Mohamad. "Clonal evolutionary particle swarm optimization for congestion management and compensation scheme in power system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 16, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp591-598.

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This paper presents computational intelligence-based technique for congestion management and compensation scheme in power systems. Firstly, a new model termed as Integrated Multilayer Artificial Neural Networks (IMLANNs) is developed to predict congested line and voltage stability index separately. Consequently, a new optimization technique termed as Clonal Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (CEPSO) was developed. CEPSO is initially used to optimize the location and sizing of FACTS devices for compensation scheme. In this study, Static VAR Compensator (SVC) and Thyristor Control Static Compensator (TCSC) are the two chosen Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices used in this compensation scheme. Comparative studies have been conducted between the proposed CEPSO and traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Results obtained by the developed IMLANNs demonstrated high accuracy with respect to the targeted output. Consequently, the proposed CEPSO implemented for single objective in single unit of SVC and TCSC has resulted superior results as compared to the traditional PSO in terms of achieving loss reduction and voltage profile improvement.

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Prasath, R. Arun, M. Vimalraj, M. Riyas Ahamed, and K. Srinivasa Rao. "Power System Loadability Maximization by Optimal Placement of Multiple-Type FACTS Devices Using PSO Based GUI." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 1286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.1286.

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This paper presents a graphical user interface (GUI) uses Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which is used to find the optimal locations and sizing parameters of multi type Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices in complex power systems. The GUI toolbox, offers user to choose a power system network, PSO settings and the type and number of FACTS devices for the selected network. In this paper, three different FACTS devices are implemented: SVC, TCSC and TCPST. FACTS devices are used to increase the system loadability, by reducing power flow on overloaded lines, transmission line losses, improving system stability and security. With this can make the transmission system more energy-efficient. PSO used here for optimally allocating and sizing the multiple type FACTS in a standardized power network (IEEE 30 bus system) in order to improve voltage profile, minimizing power system total losses and maximizing system loadability with respect to the size of FACTS.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "SIZING OF SVC"

Gopalakrishnan, Harish. "Energy Reduction for Asynchronous Circuits in SoC Applications." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1324264498.

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Stackler, Caroline. "Transformateurs électroniques pour applications ferroviaires." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0015.

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Actuellement, la majorité des convertisseurs embarqués dans des trains circulant sous une caténaire alternative est composée d’un transformateur basse fréquence, puis de redresseurs,alimentant des moteurs de traction via des onduleurs de traction. Les inconvénients majeurs de ces structures sont un volume et une masse embarqués importants, dus au transformateur fonctionnant en basse fréquence. Le rendement est également mauvais, à cause des contraintes de volume et de masse. Grâce aux développements des semiconducteurs haute tension et forte puissance et des transformateurs moyenne fréquence, i.e. de l’ordre de quelques kilohertz, de nouvelles topologies de convertisseurs embarqués, appelées transformateurs électroniques, sont à l’étude. Si plusieurs topologies ont déjà été étudiées dans la littérature, elles n’ont jamais été comparées. L’objectif principal de cette thèse est donc de proposer une méthodologie de dimensionnement des différentes topologies de transformateurs électroniques, afin de pouvoir les comparer. Un état de l’art des différentes structures proposées dans la littérature est présenté dans le premier chapitre de ce mémoire. Le chapitre 2 est consacré à la comparaison de structures indirectes. Pour cela, une méthodologie, permettant d’optimiser le dimensionnement de chaque structure afin de maximiser son rendement sous des contraintes de masse et de volume, a été développée. Elle est ensuite appliquée sur des topologies utilisant des MOSFET SiC, contrairement aux structures à IGBT Si développées dans la littérature. L’inductance magnétisante est considérée afin d’assurer un fonctionnement en commutation douce, et ainsi limiter les pertes. Un troisième chapitre propose un filtre actif innovant, intégré aux DC-DC du convertisseur. Celui-ci a pour but de réduire le volume du condensateur de filtrage des bus intermédiaires, et ainsi le volume total du convertisseur, sans dégrader la fiabilité intrinsèque de celui-ci. Son fonctionnement et son impact sur les pertes du DC-DC y sont étudiés. Enfin, le dernier chapitre est dédié à l’étude des interactions entre le convertisseur embarqué et l’infrastructure ferroviaire. Pour cela, des modèles d’infrastructure 25 kV-50 Hz ont été réalisés. Ceux ci comportent notamment un circuit original modélisant l’effet de peau dans la caténaire. Des résonances à certaines fréquences, caractéristiques de la géométrie du réseau et de la position du train sur celui-ci, ont été mises en évidence dans l’impédance vue par le train. Ces modèles ont aussi été implémentés dans un simulateur numérique, pour alimenter une maquette petite échelle de convertisseur. Ce type de test n’a, a priori, jamais été réalisé sur un transformateur électronique. Une conclusion générale et des perspectives sur les travaux présentés concluent ce mémoire
Current on-board converters, running on AC catenaries, are mainly composed by a low frequency transformer, then rectifiers, supplying traction motors through three-phase inverters. Due to volume and mass constraints on the converter, the efficiency of the transformer is limited. Moreover, this transformer is quite bulky and heavy. Thanks to the development of high voltage and high power semiconductors, such as Si IGBTs or SiC MOSFETs, and of medium frequency transformer, i.e. operating at a few kilohertz, new topologies of on-board converters, named Power Electronic Traction Transformer (PETT), are studied. Though several structures have been studied in the literature, they have never been compared. The main objective of this thesis is, thus, to develop a methodology to size PETT topologies, in order to compare them. In the first chapter, a state of the art of the PETT structures proposed in literature is presented. The second chapter is dedicated to the comparison of indirect topologies. A methodology, optimising the sizing of each structure to maximise its efficiency under mass and volume constraints, is developed. It is applied on topologies using SiC MOSFETs, contrary to Si IGBT structures developed in the literature. The magnetizing inductance is also considered to insure soft switching and reduce the losses. In the third chapter, an novel active filter, included in the DC-DCs of the converter, is proposed. The aim is to reduce the volume of the filtering capacitors on the intermediate buses, and thus, of the entire converter, without impacting the intrinsic reliability of the converter. Its impact on the losses of the DC-DC is studied. The last chapter deals with the interactions between the on-board converter and the infrastructure. Thus, the 25 kV-50 Hz railway network is modeled. It includes a novel circuit, modelling the skin effect in the catenary. Some resonances, dependant on the sector geometry and the train position, are highlighted in the impedance seen by a train. Moreover, the models are implemented in a numerical simulator to supply a small scale mock-up of a PETT. PHIL tests have, a priori, never been carried on a PETT. A conclusion and some perspectives of future work close thisdissertation

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Brandelero, Julio Cezar. "Conception et réalisation d'un convertisseur multicellulaire DC/DC isolé pour application aéronautique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14246/1/Brandelero.pdf.

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L’électricité prend une place de plus en plus importante dans les systèmes énergétiques embarqués. L’électricité est une forme d’énergie très malléable, facile à transporter et réglable ou transformable avec un très faible taux de pertes. L’énergie électrique, associée à des convertisseurs statiques, est plus facile à maîtriser que, par exemple, l’énergie hydraulique et/ou pneumatique, permettant un réglage plus fin et une réduction des coûts de maintenance. L’évolution de la puissance dans les modèles avioniques est marquante. Avec le nombre croissant de charges électroniques, un avion plus électrique avec un réseau à courant alternatif inclurait un grand nombre de redresseurs AC/DC qui devront respecter les normes de qualité secteur. Une solution pour la réduction de la masse serait de préférer un réseau HVDC (High Voltage DC Bus). Sur les futurs modèles avioniques plus électriques, les concepteurs envisageront des conversions HVDC/DC à partir de l’unité appelée BBCU (Buck Boost Converter Unit). Dans ce cas d’étude, un réseau de distribution en tension continue (±270Vdc) est connecté à un réseau de sécurité basse tension (28Vdc) avec un échange bidirectionnel de puissance pouvant atteindre 10kW. Le convertisseur statique assurant cette liaison représente de nouveaux défis pour l’électronique de puissance en termes de fiabilité, sûreté, détection de panne, rendement et réduction de masse et de coût. Le dimensionnement du convertisseur doit prendre en compte une conception optimale, en aéronautique ce critère est la masse. Dans le processus de dimensionnement et d’optimisation du convertisseur, il est donc impératif de prendre en compte trois facteurs principaux : 1) l’évolution des topologies de conversion, 2) l’évolution des composants actifs et passifs et 3) l’intégration de puissance. La réunion de ces trois facteurs permettra ainsi la miniaturisation des convertisseurs statiques. Dans un premier temps, nous préciserons la démarche adoptée pour le dimensionnement d’un convertisseur en prenant en compte : les topologies actives, les filtres différentiels et le système de refroidissement. Les différents éléments qui composent le convertisseur sont décrits dans un langage informatique orienté objet. Des facteurs de performances seront également introduits afin de faciliter le choix des semi-conducteurs, des condensateurs et du dissipateur pour un convertisseur statique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présenterons le fonctionnement d’une topologie multicellulaire DC/DC, isolée pour l’application proposée. Nous présenterons les avantages du couplage de différentes phases de ce convertisseur. Nous introduirons les différentes associations des cellules et leurs avantages, possibles grâce à l’isolement, comme la mise en série et en parallèle. Puisque la caractérisation des pertes des semi-conducteurs est essentielle pour le dimensionnement du convertisseur statique, nous proposerons deux approches : un modèle de simulation relativement simple et paramétré à l’aide de seules notices constructeurs ; et une méthode de mesure des pertes dans les semi-conducteurs qui est à la fois précise et compatible avec les composants les plus rapides. En ce qui concerne les composants magnétiques, une surface de réponse des matériaux ferrites sera présentée. Nous allons décrire, par le biais analytique et de simulation, des modèles pour la détermination du champ magnétique à l’intérieur du noyau et des ondulations de courant engendrés. Finalement, en profitant des modèles et des résultats obtenus dans les sections précédentes, nous montrerons le dimensionnement et la réalisation de chaque partie du convertisseur BBCU 100kHz / 10kW. Une perspective d’un design idéal est également présentée.

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PANDEY, PRASHANT. "APPLICATION OF PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE IN OPTIMAL LOCATION AND SIZING OF SVC." Thesis, 2013. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/15674.

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As economy grows, the demand of power increases. The increase in the reactive power demand may cause worsening in the voltage profile. To ensure the reliable power supply and to reduce the losses, reactive power compensation is required. For reactive power compensation fact devices can be used. Here the Static Var Compensator (SVC) is taken as a case as shunt fact device. In this thesis, optimal placement and sizing of SVC considering the bus voltages and cost of installation has been formulated using stochastic approach. The non-inferior set has been generated for IEEE 14-bus systems using one of the intelligent optimization techniques, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). To solve the set of power flow equation to get the operating point of the system, the algorithm of Newton Raphson’s method is adopted. A MATLAB program has been developed for Evolutionary Programming and Evolutionary Computation such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to solve the problem addressing optimal placement and sizing of SVC considering the bus voltages and cost of installation.

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(9158723), Supriyo Maji. "Efficient Minimum Cycle Mean Algorithms And Their Applications." Thesis, 2020.

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Minimum cycle mean (MCM) is an important concept in directed graphs. From clock period optimization, timing analysis to layout optimization, minimum cycle mean algorithms have found widespread use in VLSI system design optimization. With transistor size scaling to 10nm and below, complexities and size of the systems have grown rapidly over the last decade. Scalability of the algorithms both in terms of their runtime and memory usage is therefore important.

Among the few classical MCM algorithms, the algorithm by Young, Tarjan, and Orlin (YTO), has been particularly popular. When implemented with a binary heap, the YTO algorithm has the best runtime performance although it has higher asymptotic time complexity than Karp's algorithm. However, as an efficient implementation of YTO relies on data redundancy, its memory usage is higher and could be a prohibitive factor in large size problems. On the other hand, a typical implementation of Karp's algorithm can also be memory hungry. An early termination technique from Hartmann and Orlin (HO) can be directly applied to Karp's algorithm to improve its runtime performance and memory usage. Although not as efficient as YTO in runtime, HO algorithm has much less memory usage than YTO. We propose several improvements to HO algorithm. The proposed algorithm has comparable runtime performance to YTO for circuit graphs and dense random graphs while being better than HO algorithm in memory usage.

Minimum balancing of a directed graph is an application of the minimum cycle mean algorithm. Minimum balance algorithms have been used to optimally distribute slack for mitigating process variation induced timing violation issues in clock network. In a conventional minimum balance algorithm, the principal subroutine is that of finding MCM in a graph. In particular, the minimum balance algorithm iteratively finds the minimum cycle mean and the corresponding minimum-mean cycle, and uses the mean and cycle to update the graph by changing edge weights and reducing the graph size. The iterations terminate when the updated graph is a single node. Studies have shown that the bottleneck of the iterative process is the graph update operation as previous approaches involved updating the entire graph. We propose an improvement to the minimum balance algorithm by performing fewer changes to the edge weights in each iteration, resulting in better efficiency.

We also apply the minimum cycle mean algorithm in latency insensitive system design. Timing violations can occur in high performance communication links in system-on-chips (SoCs) in the late stages of the physical design process. To address the issues, latency insensitive systems (LISs) employ pipelining in the communication channels through insertion of the relay stations. Although the functionality of a LIS is robust with respect to the communication latencies, such insertion can degrade system throughput performance. Earlier studies have shown that the proper sizing of buffer queues after relay station insertion could eliminate such performance loss. However, solving the problem of maximum performance buffer queue sizing requires use of mixed integer linear programming (MILP) of which runtime is not scalable. We formulate the problem as a parameterized graph optimization problem where for every communication channel there is a parameterized edge with buffer counts as the edge weight. We then use minimum cycle mean algorithm to determine from which edges buffers can be removed safely without creating negative cycles. This is done iteratively in the similar style as the minimum balance algorithm. Experimental results suggest that the proposed approach is scalable. Moreover, quality of the solution is observed to be as good as that of the MILP based approach.

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Книги з теми "SIZING OF SVC"

Yarlagadda, Venu, A. Giriprasad, Lakshminarayana Gadupudi, O. Sobhana, and M. Naga Jyothi, eds. Optimal Placement and Sizing of SVC in Power Systems for Voltage Stability Enhancement. AkiNik Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/ed.book.1358.

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Частини книг з теми "SIZING OF SVC"

Libby, Alex. "Sizing SVG." In Beginning SVG, 95–123. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3760-1_4.

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Nakao, Wataru, Shihomi Abe, and Kotoji Ando. "SiC Nanometer Sizing Effect on Self Healing Ability of Structural Ceramics." In Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites IV, 137–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470584262.ch12.

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Nguyen, Khai Phuc, Dieu Ngoc Vo, and Goro Fujita. "Hybrid Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Optimal Placement and Sizing of Static VAR Compensator." In Handbook of Research on Modern Optimization Algorithms and Applications in Engineering and Economics, 288–326. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9644-0.ch011.

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This chapter proposes a Hybrid Cuckoo search algorithm to determine optimal location and sizing of Static VAR Compensator (SVC). Hybrid Cuckoo search algorithm is a simple combination of the Cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) and Teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), where the learner phase of TLBO is added to improve performance of Cuckoo eggs. The proposed method is applied for optimizing location and sizing of SVC in electric power system. This problem is a kind of discrete and combinatorial problem. The objective function considers loss power, voltage deviation and operational cost of SVC and other operating constraints in power system. Numerical results from three various tested systems show that the proposed method is better than the conventional CSA and TLBO in finding the global optimum solutions and its performance is also high than others.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "SIZING OF SVC"

Bhattacharya, Bidishna, Niladri Chakraborty, and Kamal K. Mandal. "Multiobjective optimal placement and sizing of SVC using cultural algorithm." In 2014 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2014.7030625.

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Jumaat, Siti Amely, Ismail Musirin, Muhammad Mutadha Othman, and Hazlie Mokhlis. "Optimal Location and Sizing of SVC Using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique." In 2011 First International Conference on Informatics and Computational Intelligence (ICI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ici.2011.58.

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Khai Phuc Nguyen, Goro Fujita, Nguyen Duc Tuyen, Vo Ngoc Dieu, and Toshihisa Funabashi. "Optimal placement and sizing of SVC by using various meta-heuristic optimization methods." In 2014 International Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICPERE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpere.2014.7067226.

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Balachennaiah, P., P. Harshavardhan Reddy, and Upendram Naveen Kumar Raju. "A novel algorithm for voltage stability augmentation through optimal placement and sizing of SVC." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spices.2015.7091477.

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Agrawal, Rahul, S. K. Bharadwaj, and D. P. Kothari. "Optimal location and sizing of SVC considering transmission loss and installation cost using TLBO." In 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indicon.2015.7443110.

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Nadeem, Muhammad, M. Zulqarnain Zeb, Kashif Imran, and Abdul Kashif Janjua. "Optimal Sizing and Allocation of SVC and TCSC for reactive Power planning in Meshed Network." In 2019 International Conference on Applied and Engineering Mathematics (ICAEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaem.2019.8853728.

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Dixit, Shishir, Laxmi Srivastava, and Ganga Agnihotri. "Optimal Location and Sizing of SVC for Minimization of Power Loss and Voltage Deviation Using NSGA II." In 2014 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csnt.2014.200.

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Udgir, Shraddha, Laxmi Srivastava, and Manjaree Pandit. "Optimal placement and sizing of SVC for loss minimization and voltage security improvement using differential evolution algorithm." In 2014 Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icraie.2014.6909310.

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Nadeem, Muhammad, M. Zulqarnain Zeb, Kashif Imran, and Abdul Kashif Janjua. "Optimal Sizing and Allocation of SVC and TCSC in Transmission Network by combined Sensitivity index and PSO." In 2019 International Conference on Applied and Engineering Mathematics (ICAEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaem.2019.8853759.

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Bashir Jannat, Mohamed, and Alexandar Savic. "Using of Genetic Algorithms (GAs) to find the optimal location and sizing of static VAR compensator (SVC) to minimize real power loss." In ICEMIS'21: The 7th International Conference on Engineering & MIS 2021. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3492547.3492627.

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Звіти організацій з теми "SIZING OF SVC"

Rose and Luo. L52069 Guided Wave Sizing and Discrimination for SCC Magnetostriction ILI Inspection. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011179.

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With the goal to be able to inspect a large area of the pipe from a single sensor position, hence the development of what we call guided wave inspection. From one point on the circumference of the pipe, it is therefore proposed to inspect the entire circumferential area of the pipe. This approach leads to inspection efficiency.� Experimental techniques cannot be developed on a trial and error basis. The purpose of this work is therefore to develop a guided wave propagation model and subsequent numerical solutions to assist in the �theoretically driven� sensor design and data acquisition systems for improved nondestructive testing including defect detection, location, and potential classification and sizing analysis in a pipe.

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Selby and Spanner. L52004 Sizing Stress Corrosion Cracking in Pipeline Specimens from the Outside Surface. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011064.

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The EPRI NDE Center examined specimens of carbon steel piping containing SCC, distributed by Battelle Columbus on behalf of the Gas Research Institute. Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) and phased-array UT techniques were used. The techniques were applied both manually and using an automated data acquisition system. This interim report conveys the results of both techniques. Beginning in 1997, EPRI used TOFD to measure the depth of cracks in three specimens designated for practice. In 1998 and 1999 GRI performed a round-robin test of several candidate crack depth sizing techniques. Each candidate was used to inspect two field removed pipe sections containing SCC. After all the techniques results had been submitted, the two specimens were sectioned to determine the true crack depth of each of the 12 specified measurement locations. EPRI participated in the round-robin using two separate implementations of an advanced ultrasonic technique known as phased array. EPRI and AEA continued to participate in GRIs investigations by applying the techniques to additional SCC specimens provided by GRI in 2000. The results of inspecting the spools were transferred to inspection vendors in May of 2002. This final report provided by EPRI summarizes the results of all of the investigations.

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Hayford. L51566 Ultralow Frequency Eddy Current Instrument for the Detection and Sizing of Stress Corrosion Cracks. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010601.

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Eddy current testing has received only limited application to ferrous materials because the high permeability of the material in combination with the normally high frequency of the eddy current instrument results in a very small depth of penetration of the eddy currents into the material. The objectives of this research program were threefold. The first goal was to develop an eddy current instrument with frequencies low enough to penetrate pipeline steel. The second was to use the new instrument to develop techniques for locating stress corrosion cracks (SCC) on coated pipelines without requiring the removal of the coating. Our last goal was to develop methods of characterizing SCC; i.e. determining the lengths and depths of the defects.

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Malinowski, Owen, Jason Van Velsor, and Scott Riccardella. PR-335-203810-R02 Review of X-Ray Computed Tomography for Nondestructive Evaluation of Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012075.

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The applications of Computed Tomography (CT) are vast, spanning several industries and disciplines. The industrial application of Computed Tomography to characterize pipeline defects is a complex and relatively new application of the technology that is rapidly evolving. This report documents the State-of-the-Art (SOTA) in CT for NDE of piping typically found in the pipeline industry (e.g. thin-walled carbon steel piping). This report focuses specifically on the application of CT for detection and sizing of Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC); however, much of the information presented herein applies generally to the detection and sizing of flaws commonly found in pipelines.

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Unknown, Author. L51630 In-Line Detection and Sizing of Stress Corrosion Cracks Using EMAT Ultrasonics. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010616.

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The development of stress corrosion cracks (SCC) in buried gas pipelineshas posed a serious threat to pipeline integrity for many years. It can be reliably detected by magnetic particle techniques in the field or by laboratory studies using low frequency eddy currents. It is also possible to find and measure the depths of the cracks from the ID by careful scanning with an ultra-sonic angle beam probe but the transducer must be manipulated by a skilled operator. All of these approaches are not very satisfactory for in-line inspections because they are not suitable for covering the total area of a pipeline and they are too labor intensive to be automated. In order to address this problem with new technology, the PRCI requested proposals for any technique that seemed to be practical and the Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) was suggested as very promising because it has already demonstrated operation in the environment of the inside of a gas pipeline. Magnasonics, Inc., of Albuquerque, New Mexico, was chosen from many respondents to conduct an in-vestigation of the use of EMATs for overcoming the problems expected to arise from in-line operation and to incorporate the latest developments in ultrasonic inspection with EMATs. The objective of the program described in this report was twofold. First, to apply the most recent developments in EMAT technology to the problem of detecting and sizing stress corrosion cracks (SCC) in operating gas pipelines and second to exploit the ability of EMATs to generate and detect a wide variety of ultrasonic waves in the walls of a pipeline under operating conditions.

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Alders, George. L51630A In-Line Detection and Sizing of Stress Corrosion Cracks Using EMAT Ultrasonics - Phase II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011370.

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This report covers that part of a Phase II effort that was completed by Magnasonics, Inc. prior to its liquidation by an adverse court ruling. The Phase I program investigated several configurations of Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducers (EMAT5) to arrive at an optimum approach to the problem of detecting and sizing stress corrosion cracks (SCC) in operating pipelines. Phase II was designed to optimize the most promising configuration by applying it to as many pipe samples as possible. Three pipe samples that contained several colonies of 5CC were made available to Magnasonics and a computerized data collection apparatus was assembled to collect ultrasonic data on the cracked areas. In agreement with the Phase I findings, high order Lamb wave modes were found to reflect strongly from the stress corrosion cracks and thus provide a sensitive detection method. In order to develop sizing capacitates, the crack depths in the colonies of SCC were measured with an eddy current technique and by a new surface acoustic wave method. Good qualitative correlation between the severity of cracking and the amplitude of the reflected ultrasonic energy was observed but real quantitative comparisons must wait on destructive measurement of the actual crack depths. Since only 30% of the funding has been used to date, it is hoped that additional measurements can be made on even more samples in the future.

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Riccardella, Scott, and Jason Van Velsor. PR-335-173844-R01 NDE Crack Depth Sizing Performance Validation for Multiple UT Techniques. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011676.

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PRCI commissioned this project (NDE-4-6) to further evaluate and accurately assess the current state (as of 2019) of NDE methodologies for characterizing Stress Corrosion Cracking. The NDE-4-6 project also conducted advanced Finite Element Modeling and flaw fabrication to help gain further insight on NDE performance and improve efficiency of conducting round robin evaluations. The project consisted of a round-robin type study, in which service and technology providers were asked to conduct NDE on several blind samples including actual SCC and fabricated flaw samples. Following completion of the NDE, select samples were destructively tested and characterized in a laboratory using metallurgical microscopy and X-ray computed tomography (XRCT). The results of the destructive testing were then used to characterize the performance of the NDE methods and technologies applied.

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Neuert, Mark, and Smitha Koduru. PR-244-173856-R01 In-line Inspection Crack Tool Reliability and Performance Evaluation. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011599.

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The ability for operators to make operational and maintenance decisions based on in-line inspection (ILI) data depends on the performance of ILI tools with respect to sizing and detection of crack and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) features. A series of previous Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI) projects created a database of ILI tool and pipe excavation data that can be used to evaluate the detection and sizing capabilities of ultrasonic (UT) (NDE-4-E Phase 1, PR-244-133731) and electromagnetic acoustic (EMAT) (NDE-4-E Phase 2, PR-244-153719) ILI technologies. This current project, NDE-4-7 (PR-244-173856), was carried out by C-FER Technologies (1999) Inc. (C-FER) for PRCI. It is Phase 3 of an ongoing industry-wide effort to understand and characterize ILI tool performance. In addition to adding a new data set to the database developed in Phases 1 and 2, estimates of ILI tool performance with respect to rate of detection (ROD), probability of identification (POI), false discovery rate (FDR), and sizing accuracy (SA) were calculated. Two further analyses were performed, namely an investigation of the effect of crack profile data on tool performance and burst pressure estimation, and an evaluation of the reduction in sizing uncertainty attained through multiple measurements of crack features. This document has a related webinar.

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Ginzel. L51748 Detection of Stress Corrosion Induced Toe Cracks-Advancement of the Developed Technique. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010659.

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In the past few years an ongoing problem has existed with stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in pipelines around the world. Several member companies of the Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. have experienced multiple incidents as a result of ERW defects and SCC. TCPL is running a series of hydrostatic tests and trial digs to identify the most severely affected areas. These excavations and failure studies have ascertained that most of the SCC causing failure has been on the outside diameter of long seam welded pipe at the edge of the weld. Defects at that location are known as "Toe-Cracks" Ginzel has developed an ultrasonic inspection technique that will detect both SCC colonies and toe cracks in long seam pipe. The main design objective for this research project was the selection and placement of ultrasonic transducers to combine weld, plate thickness and lamination inspection, along with SCC detection and sizing. Examination of sample pipe sections to demonstrate its success is reported. The primary stages for this research project are: �Assemble test equipment Establish test procedure System trials and data collection Evaluation of system performance and collected data Correlation of test data - Results

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Tandon, Samarth, Ming Gao, and Ravi Krishnamurthy. PR-328-083501-R01 Evaluation of EMAT Tool Performance and Reliability by Monitoring Industry Experience. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011442.

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PRCI project SCC 3-7 consists of two phases: Phase I: "Evaluation of EMAT Tool Performance by Monitoring Industry Experience" (2008-2011) and Phase II: "Evaluation of the Reliability of EMAT Tool by Monitoring Industry Experience" (2012-2015). In this report, performance of the EMAT tools based on analysis of the data from 15 pipeline segments from Phase I and 35 pipeline segments from Phase II is presented. The performance is updated with the newly analyzed data in terms of the probability of detection, identification, false calls, and sizing. Categorization of these 35 segments is presented at three different levels of using EMAT ILI as an integrity tool alternative to hydrotest for management of SCC in gas pipelines. Finally, the reliability of EMAT for SCC management is evaluated incorporating the performance measures and the assessment methodology. The reliability of the hydrotest is calculated based on the collected historical data from one Gas Pipeline Operator.

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