Статті в журналах: "Size indicators"

1

Houle, Jennifer E., Keith D. Farnsworth, Axel G. Rossberg, and David G. Reid. "Assessing the sensitivity and specificity of fish community indicators to management action." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 6 (2012): 1065–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-044.

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We assessed ten trophodynamic indicators of ecosystem status for their sensitivity and specificity to fishing management using a size-resolved multispecies fish community model. The responses of indicators to fishing depended on effort and the size selectivity (sigmoid or Gaussian) of fishing mortality. The highest specificity against sigmoid (trawl-like) size selection was seen from inverse fishing pressure and the large fish indicator, but for Gaussian size selection, the large species indicator was most specific. Biomass, mean trophic level of the community and of the catch, and fishing in balance had the lowest specificity against both size selectivities. Length-based indicators weighted by biomass, rather than abundance, were more sensitive and specific to fishing pressure. Most indicators showed a greater response to sigmoid than Gaussian size selection. Indicators were generally more sensitive at low levels of effort because of nonlinear sensitivity in trophic cascades to fishing mortality. No single indicator emerged as superior in all respects, so given available data, multiple complementary indicators are recommended for community monitoring in the ecosystem approach to fisheries management.

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2

Upadhayay, Lalit, R. Singh, Ashish Tewari, Swati Bisht, and Shruti Shah. "Seed maturation indicators in Bauhinia retusa Ham. in Kumaun Central Himalayas." Indian Journal of Forestry 29, no. 4 (2006): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2006-cc6l1c.

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The present study was undertaken to ascertain the regeneration potential and pod/seed maturation time in Bauhinia retusa. The pods of the species were collected from two locations. The change in pod colour from green to dark red and the seed colour from green to whitish brown is a useful indicator of maturity. Other indicators of maturity appear to be change in pod size, seed size and moisture content of seeds. When mean pod size ranged between 72.17± 0.45 and 75.05±0.25 and seed size between 3.5 ± 0.19 and 3.70 ±0.22 maximum germination occurred. The seed moisture content was 41.48 ±3.03% at Site-1 and 40.65 ± 1.05% at Site-2, which coincided with maximum germination.

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3

Akbaraliev, Islambek Rahimberdievich, and Islamov Sohibjon Yakhshibekovich. "BIOMETRIC INDICATORS OF TREES OF WALNUT VARIETIES." American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 03, no. 06 (2023): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajahi/volume03issue06-08.

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4

Bakker, Jurrièn, Dennis Verhoeven, Lin Zhang, and Bart Van Looy. "Patent citation indicators: one size fits all?" Academy of Management Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 14018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.14018abstract.

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5

Bakker, Jurriën, Dennis Verhoeven, Lin Zhang, and Bart Van Looy. "Patent citation indicators: One size fits all?" Scientometrics 106, no. 1 (2015): 187–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1786-0.

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6

Petchey, Owen L., and Andrea Belgrano. "Body-size distributions and size-spectra: universal indicators of ecological status?" Biology Letters 6, no. 4 (2010): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0240.

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The sizes of individual organisms, rather than their taxonomy, are used to inform management and conservation in some aquatic ecosystems. The European Science Foundation Research Network, SIZEMIC, facilitates integration of such approaches with the more taxonomic approaches used in terrestrial ecology. During its 4-year tenure, the Network is bringing together researchers from disciplines including theorists, empiricists, government employees, and practitioners, via a series of meetings, working groups and research visits. The research conducted suggests that organismal size, with a generous helping of taxonomy, provides the most probable route to universal indicators of ecological status.

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7

BUNGET, Ovidiu Constantin, and Cristian LUNGU. "The Impact of Company Size Indicators on the Audit Fee." Audit Financiar 21, no. 171 (2023): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20869/auditf/2023/171/015.

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Audit fees are among some of the most important concerns of audit firms, financial/statutory audit regulators and academia. The objective of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the impact of company size indicators on the formation of audit fees. Based on the data available in the “Audit Analytics” database, a sample of 27 companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange was selected, for which 524 observations were reported, representing the indicators “Audit Fee”, “Total Assets” and “Turnover” during 2017-2021. From the research carried out, it emerged that the turnover and total assets size indicators have a significant and positive influence on the financial audit fee. In addition, the findings indicate that “the market capitalization” indicator is not a predictive and causal variable of the value of the financial audit service.

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8

Travers, Morgane, Yunne-Jai Shin, Lynne Shannon, and Philippe Cury. "Simulating and testing the sensitivity of ecosystem-based indicators to fishing in the southern Benguela ecosystem." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 4 (2006): 943–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-003.

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The sensitivity of size-based, species-based, and trophodynamic indicators is examined for the fish community of the southern Benguela ecosystem (South Africa) through simulations of different fishing scenarios using the multispecies model OSMOSE. The simulations suggest that it may be erroneous to consider one absolute reference direction of change for any indicator because the direction of change is specific to both the multispecies assemblage and the fishing scenario considered. The analysis of species versus community indicators is helpful for understanding which processes drive the emergent properties of the ecosystem. Informative about the structure and state of the ecosystem, both types of indicators weighted by biomass or by abundance should be used to evaluate ecosystem changes. Indicators characterizing size distribution (e.g., slope of size spectrum) appear to be more helpful in distinguishing the cause of ecosystem changes than mean community indicators because their response is specific to the fishing scenario simulated (i.e., global or hake-targeting fishing). Some indicators do not seem to be sensitive to fishing pressure (slope of the diversity size spectrum) or do not vary consistently with other studies (W statistic).

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9

Gómez-Canchong, Paúl, José M. Blanco, and Renato A. Quiñones. "On the use of biomass size spectra linear adjustments to design ecosystem indicators." Scientia Marina 77, no. 2 (2013): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.03708.22a.

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10

Fajri, Siti Rabiatul, AAIA Rai Sudiatmika, I. Ketut Suma, and I. Nyoman Suardana. "Studi Meta Analisis : Peningkatan Kemampuan Literasi Biodiversitas Berdasarkan Model Pembelajaran dan Tingkat Pendidikan." Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi 11, no. 2 (2023): 1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v11i2.9686.

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This research aims to analyze the increase in biodiversity literacy skills based on learning methods and level of education. Apart from that, this research also analyzes indicators of biodiversity literacy. The research analyzed 8 reputable international journals with 6 learning methods, 4 levels of education, and 10 biodiversity literacy assessment indicators. The research was carried out with meta analysis in the form of effect size analysis using the OpenMEE application. The research results stated that, based on the analysis of 8 reputable international journals, the estimated Effect Size (ES) value was 0.357 in the medium category (0.2 ≤ ES ≤ 0.8) and the p-Value < 0.001. Meanwhile, heterogeneous analysis shows that the Tau^2 value is 0.127 with an I^2 of 89.434, meaning that the diversity of variance from the journal studies analyzed has a very significant effect. Meanwhile, the results of the effect size analysis based on the learning model stated that there were 3 learning methods that obtained an estimated Effect Size (ES) value in the high category, including: Green Learning Method (GeLem) obtained an estimated effect size value of 3.797, a learning method based on local wisdom obtained a value The estimated effect size was 1.665, and the Virtual Field Trip assisted by Augmented Reality obtained an estimated effect size value of 0.974. Furthermore, the results of the effect size analysis of biodiversity literacy abilities at various levels of education stated that high school students had higher biodiversity literacy abilities compared to other levels of education, namely 1.281 in the high category (ES ³ 0.8). This research also analyzes the effect size value based on biodiversity literacy indicators. Based on 10 biodiversity literacy indicators, only one indicator shows the highest estimated effect size value compared to other indicators, namely the environmental knowledge indicator of 1.813. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence in increasing biodiversity literacy skills based on learning methods and level of education.

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11

Achilli, Riccardo. "Firm size and competitive indicators: the Italian case." RIVISTA DI ECONOMIA E STATISTICA DEL TERRITORIO, no. 1 (March 2013): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rest2013-001003.

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12

Steve Davis, J. "ASSOCIATION OF PROGRAM SIZE WITH INDICATORS OF COMPLEXITY." Cybernetics and Systems 19, no. 5 (1988): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01969728808902178.

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13

Umirov, A. T., and F. S. Safarov. "Size-mass indicators of soybean grown in Uzbekistan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1112, no. 1 (2022): 012055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1112/1/012055.

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Abstract In Uzbekistan, soybean is planted as a main crop in early Spring and as a follow-up crop after wheat in Summer. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, the height of soybean grown as a main and repeated crop is 63-99 cm on average, depending on the species and cultivation techniques, the diameter of the stems in the lower part is 4.1-7.1 mm on average, and it is higher in “Oyjamol” and “Amigo” sorts planted in the early period, after wheat and it was lower in the Selekta-201 sort planted as a repeated crop. It was found that the pod placement height was higher than 15 cm in the “Oyjamol” and “Amigo” sorts, while it was 6 cm in the Selekta-201 species , and this indicated the need to set the combine harvester height lower. It was found that the average number of pods in one bush of soybean is 21.0 - 29.8 pieces, the number of grains in a pod is 2-3 pieces, and the ratio of grain to stem is in the range of 1:1 - 1:1.8. This showed that the “Oyjamol” and “Amigo” species planted in the early periods have more grain and stem content than the Selekta-201 sort planted as a repeated crop.

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14

Wiesmann, Don. "Quick Indicators Eliminate Confusion on Valve Size, Status." Opflow 15, no. 12 (1989): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.1989.tb00770.x.

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15

Prajzner, Arkadiusz. "Selected Indicators of Effect Size in Psychological Research." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia 35, no. 4 (2023): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/j.2022.35.4.139-157.

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16

Cho, Minji, and Jaeyoung Kim. "A study on Estimating Industrial Market Size Using Public Data based on Korea Stadard Industry Classification: Focusing on the Future Mobility Industry." Society for Standards Certification and Safety 14, no. 2 (2024): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34139/jscs.2024.14.2.69.

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The advancement of information technology has increased the need for estimating the market size of new industries that did not previously exist. Companies require market size estimations to pursue new business ventures, but these emerging markets are not yet mature, making it difficult to define the boundaries of sub-industries and systematically establish industry-related data such as corporate sales and operating profits. Therefore, this study explores methods for estimating market size using public data. The economic indicator data, which are industrial statistics public data released by the National Statistical Office, include monthly, quarterly, and yearly industrial statistics. Specifically, these data encompass economic indicators such as the Mining and Manufacturing Production Index, the Mining and Manufacturing Shipment Index, the Domestic Supply Index, and the Value Added by Industry. This study analyzed whether market size can be estimated through standardized panel data analysis, focusing on the future mobility sector, and estimated the market size for 2021 and 2022 through statistical significance tests. The results of the study confirmed the existence of interrelationships among economic indicator data in the future mobility sector, enabling market size estimation. However, it was found that if the annual data for economic indicators are insufficient, the temporal correlations among indicators may not be reflected, leading to significant errors in long-term market size predictions.

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17

Og, Joo Young, Krzysztof Pawelec, Byung-Keun Kim, Rafal Paprocki, and EuiSeob Jeong. "Measuring Patent Value Indicators with Patent Renewal Information." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 1 (2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6010016.

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This paper attempts to fill a research gap of literature by constructing the dynamic model into which both ex ante and ex post patent value indicators are incorporated. A patent renewal model is tested using a large set of Pharmaceutical patents granted by the European Patent Office between 1996 and 2009. We test five ex ante indicators and single ex post indicator including family size, patent backward citations, backward references to non-patent literature, number of claims, number of inventors, renewal fee, patent age, application year, and the ex post indicator forward citations. Empirical findings show that three citation related indicators, family size, and the number of claims are positively associated with patent values, while the number of inventors, renewal fee, patent age, and application year are negatively correlated. In addition, forward citations seem to have persistent learning effects on patent values.

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18

Duplisea, Daniel E., and Martin Castonguay. "Comparison and utility of different size-based metrics of fish communities for detecting fishery impacts." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 4 (2006): 810–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-261.

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The use of fish community indicators based on size spectra has become popular in the development of an ecosystem approach to fisheries. Size spectrum theory arose from basic ecological work on energy flow, predatorprey interactions, and biomass standing stock and was later applied to fish communities as lengthfrequency analysis. A multitude of size spectrum indicators have resulted, but it is not clear if they all present similar information. Here we develop a simple framework describing what four size spectra indicators suggest about fish communities, their likely response to fisheries exploitation, their ecological interpretation, and some of their biases. We examined indicators for scientific survey data from six exploited North Atlantic fish communities for the information that they reveal about each community. Each indicator revealed different information and had different biases. Combining indicators for the most impacted system (owing to fisheries and environmental change), the eastern Scotian Shelf, revealed a pattern analogous to Holling's ecological cycle of exploitation, conservation, release, and reorganisation. If this analogy is generally valid, then it suggests that collapsed fish communities are more susceptible to chance events, and recovery is not directly reversible and may not be recoverable (to previous known state) at all if the system moves to an alternative cycle.

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19

Fiala, Roman, and Veronika Hedija. "The Relationship Between Firm Size and Firm Growth: The Case of the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 63, no. 5 (2015): 1639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201563051639.

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This paper deals with the investigation of the relationship between firm size and firm in the Czech Republic during 2007–2012. The study aims to examine to what extent the confirmation or rejection of Gibrat’s law depends on the indicator of firm size. For measuring firm size we use three indicators: revenues, number of employees and total assets. The study uses data collected from the database Albertina CZ Gold Edition. Final dataset includes the data about more than 35,000 firms. The validity of Gibrat’s law was tested with the help of linear regression model with first-order autoregressive process. Gibrat’s law is rejected for all three indicators of firm size. Hence, the selected indicator of firm size is not proved to be important factor in verification of Gibrat’s law validity. It is also found out that the small firms in profit industries (A-N according to CZ-NACE classification) grow faster than their larger counterparts in the Czech Republic.

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20

Nindiani, Aina, Mohammad Hamsal, and Humiras Hardi Purba. "Product and Service Quality Analysis: An Empirical Study of Customer Satisfaction in a Bakery." Binus Business Review 9, no. 2 (2018): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v9i2.4257.

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This research aimed to analyze the performance of a bakery located in Bekasi from the customer satisfaction on product and service quality. The method applied was Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). IPA was conducted to determine the status of indicators related to product and service quality. It was to provide input to management in taking strategic actions. The sample size was 127 respondents. The used technique was non probability sampling. The results reveal that the priority of improvement is the taste indicator for product quality. On the other side, courtesy indicator is the priority for service quality that occupies position in Quadrant A. Hence, the bakery should emphasize those indicators as improvement priorities.

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21

Neu, Ismael Mario Márcio, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, Cláudia Marques De Bem, Jéssica Andiara Kleinpaul, and Cirineu Tolfo Bandeira. "Tamanho de amostra para avaliação do grau de multicolinearidade em caracteres produtivos de centeio." Ciência e Natura 43 (March 10, 2021): e38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x41667.

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The objectives of this work were to determine the sample size (number of plants) necessary to estimate the indicators of the of multicollinearity degree - condition number (CN), determinant of the correlation matrix (DET), and variance inflation factor (VIF) - in productive traits of rye and to verify the variability of the sample size between the indicators. Five and three uniformity trials were conducted with the cultivars BRS Progresso and Temprano, respectively, and seven productive traits were evaluated in 780 plants. Twenty-one cases were obtained from seven traits, combined five to five. In each case, 197 sample sizes were planned (20, 25, 30, ..., 1,000 plants) and in each size 2,000 resampling were performed, with replacement. For each resample the CN, DET and FIV were determined and the average among 2,000 estimates of each indicator of the multicollinearity degree was calculated. Then, for each case and indicator, the sample size was determined through three models: models of maximum modified curvature, segmented linear with plateau response, and segmented quadratic with plateau response. There was superiority the quadratic model segmented with plateau in adjusting the degree of multicollinearity according to the sample size for all indicators. There is a need greater sample size to detect multicollinearity when diagnosed by DET and for sizes larger than 101, 258 and 102 plants when diagnosing for the number of conditions, determinant and inflation factor performed, respectively.

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22

Dell, James T., and Alistair J. Hobday. "School-based indicators of tuna population status." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 4 (2008): 612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn032.

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Abstract Dell, J. T. and Hobday, A. J. 2008. School-based indicators of tuna population status. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 612–622. Theory and limited observation suggest that fish schools consist of more individuals of similar size when populations are large than when they are small. The hypothesis that population size might be indicated by school structure is tested for southern bluefin tuna (SBT), a commercially important large pelagic species, which has undergone an estimated 60% reduction in juvenile biomass since 1960. Fish size data are used to determine whether there have been changes in schooling behaviour that can be used as simple indicators of abundance. During tagging studies, juvenile SBT are removed sequentially from a school, measured, tagged, and released. These sequential size measurements are used here to describe school composition from different years in two locations using simple school metrics (including mean fish size, variance in size, and mean difference in size between sequential fish). Trends were significant in most metrics over the 40-year period analysed, and were inversely related to independent estimates of population size. Simple school metrics are cost-efficient and easily interpreted by stakeholders. Monitoring population trends in near real time through school composition metrics may indicate further decline or recovery of SBT and, therefore, assist future management of tuna and other schooling species.

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23

Krawczyk, Marcin, Kamila Ryzner, Jacek Skurzyński, and Zdzisław Jary. "Lithological indicators of loess sedimentation of SW Poland." Contemporary Trends in Geoscience 6, no. 2 (2017): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ctg-2017-0008.

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Abstract High-resolution grain-size investigations were carried out in two SW Polish loess sections: Biały Kościół (Niemcza-Strzelin Hills) and Zaprężyn (Trzebnica Hills). Each sequence was sampled by using the same methodology and samples were taken at 5 centimeters intervals. The particle size distribution was obtained with a Mastersizer 2000 laser, used for diffraction methods. From the obtained results the basic parameters and grain size indicators were calculated: Mz, Grain Size Index ratio, U-ratio and the percentage content of clay (< 4μm) and sand (> 63 μm). Both loess-soil sequences are composed of interfluve and slope loess facies and consist of five litho-pedostratigraphic units developed during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene: two loess units L1LL1, L1LL2 and three polygenetic fossil soils sets S0, S1 and L1SS1. The distance between these two profiles is about 60 km. Zaprężyn, as a section located more to the north, has almost no lower younger loess and higher level of weathering which could be related to proximity of this site to the Ice Sheet margin. The climate here was more extreme and harsh. What is more, the difference in development of soil L1SS1 can be observed: while in Biały Kościół pedogenesis process was slower and less disturbed than in Zaprężyn. The upper part of L1SS1 in Biały Kościół was deformed by gelifluction, frost heave and other periglacial processes. Mz indicator by the grain-size distribution in these sediments reflects subtle variations in the climatic system. Moreover, in Zaprężyn the content of sand fraction is higher than in Biały Kościół what can be the evidence of short episodes of strong winds during cold period of sedimentation. The aim of this paper is to compare two loess profiles by their stratigraphical and lithological similarities which are result of climate conditions and features of surrounding environment.

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24

Mindel, Beth L., Francis C. Neat, Thomas J. Webb, and Julia L. Blanchard. "Size-based indicators show depth-dependent change over time in the deep sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 1 (2017): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx110.

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Abstract Size-based indicators are well established as a management tool in shelf seas as they respond to changes in fishing pressure and describe important aspects of community function. In the deep sea, however, vital rates are much slower and body size relationships vary with depth, making it less clear how size-based indicators can be applied and whether they are appropriate for detecting changes through time. The deep-sea fish stocks of the North Atlantic underwent a period of exploitation followed by management and conservation action that relieved this pressure. We used data from a deep-water bottom trawl survey in the Rockall Trough, at depths of 300–2000 m, to test whether size-based indicators changed over a 16-year period, during which fishing pressure decreased. We applied four indicators to these data: mean body length, mean maximum length, large fish indicator (LFI), and the slope of the biomass spectrum. Patterns were analysed within four different depth bands. The LFI and slope of the biomass spectrum showed positive change over time, suggesting recovery from fishing pressure. This response was generally most apparent in the shallowest depth band, where most fishing activity has been distributed. Values of the LFI were much higher overall than in shelf seas, so the same reference points cannot be applied to all marine ecosystems. These findings imply that size-based indicators can be usefully applied to the deep sea and that they potentially track changes in fishing pressure in the medium term.

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25

Finch, W. Holmes. "Investigation of Parameter Estimation Accuracy for Growth Curve Modeling With Categorical Indicators." Methodology 13, no. 3 (2017): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000134.

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Abstract. Growth curve modeling (GCM) is an important and commonly used methodology in the social sciences for examining change over time in a variable value. While much of the empirical research examining the performance of various estimators under a variety of conditions has focused on continuous (and typically normally distributed) observed indicators, in practice researchers frequently make use of categorical indicators with anywhere from two to as many as seven categories. Given the popularity of GCMs, along with the frequent use of categorical indicators, and the relative dearth of simulation research focusing on estimation of these models with such variables, the current study focused on the issue of parameter estimation accuracy as related to the number of categorical indicators, and the number of categories per indicator. Results of this research found that for models with only a linear component, parameter estimation was very accurate for as few as four indicators with two categories each and a sample size of 200. On the other hand, when the underlying model included both linear and quadratic terms, parameter estimation accuracy suffered for a small number of dichotomous indicators unless the sample size was 1,000 or more. However, with six or more indicator variables, and/or at least three categories, parameter estimation accuracy remained high.

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26

MEACHEN-SAMUELS, JULIE, and BLAIRE VAN VALKENBURGH. "Craniodental indicators of prey size preference in the Felidae." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 96, no. 4 (2009): 784–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01169.x.

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27

Waltman, Ludo. "Special section on size-independent indicators in citation analysis." Journal of Informetrics 10, no. 2 (2016): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2016.04.001.

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28

Stanley, C. J., J. R. Stokes, and D. S. Tustin. "EARLY PREDICTION OF APPLE FRUIT SIZE USING ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 557 (July 2001): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2001.557.59.

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29

Kyogoku, Shinji, Tomio Hirohata, Setsuko Takeshita, Yasuo Nomura, Takao Shigematsu, and Akio Horie. "Survival of breast-cancer patients and body size indicators." International Journal of Cancer 46, no. 5 (1990): 824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910460513.

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30

Meachen-Samuels, Julie, and Blaire Van Valkenburgh. "Forelimb indicators of prey-size preference in the Felidae." Journal of Morphology 270, no. 6 (2009): 729–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10712.

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31

Feng, Kunpeng, Gaofeng Liu, Zhen Zhang, et al. "Fractal Strategy for Improving Characterization of N2 Adsorption–Desorption in Mesopores." Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 11 (2024): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8110617.

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The current studies primarily analyze the heterogeneity and complexity of mesopore structures based on low-temperature nitrogen (N2) adsorption curves and the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) fractal model. However, these studies ignore the fact that the low-temperature N2 desorption curve can also reflect the desorption performance of the mesopore structure. In this research, novel fractal indicators for characterizing the adsorption–desorption performance of mesopores based on the fractal dimension from the N2 adsorption curves and N2 desorption curves are proposed. The novel fractal indicators I1 and I2 are applied to evaluate the adsorption–desorption performance of mesopores with pore size 2–5 nm and pore size 5–50 nm, respectively. The fractal indicator I1 shows an increasing trend with coalification, reflecting that the gas adsorption performance of 2–5 nm mesopores is enhanced with coalification. The fractal indicator I2 exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with coalification, indicating the gas desorption performance of mesopores with pore size 5–50 nm decreases first and then increases. The proposed indicators provide novel analytical parameters for further understanding the gas adsorption–desorption mechanism of porous coal-based or carbon-based materials.

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Andrejovská, Alena, and Jozef Glova. "Sustainability of Farms in EU Countries in the Context of Income Indicators: Regression Analysis Based on a New Classification." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (2022): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111884.

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The sustainability of agriculture in the common market of the European Union is mainly influenced by the income of agricultural enterprises, which reflects the development potential of the entire sector. The present contribution deals with the importance of income indicators for the long-term sustainability of agricultural enterprises. We aimed to identify and quantify statistically significant determinants of the main income indicators of agricultural enterprises in individual countries of the European Union—namely, the net added value of the farm expressed per unit of agricultural work, the family farm income per family work unit, and the net farm income. We performed a linear regression analysis, in which the statistical significance of independent variables was gradually tested, including economic and environmental indicators, the economic size of the enterprise, total subsidies per hectare, depreciation, taxes, and wages. The established goal was complemented by a correlation analysis tracking the dependence between the economic size of enterprises—which is presented in the literature as a decisive indicator—and the tax burden in EU countries. We used the Farm Accountancy Data Network’s harmonised database for 2009–2018. The regression analysis results confirmed the environmental indicators’ statistical significance. Furthermore, the results of the correlation analysis confirmed the proposed hypothesis that the size of the company is a strong indicator and affects the tax burden of agricultural enterprises.

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Thai, Nguyen Quang, and Bui Trinh. "Policy Choice in the Present Context of Vietnam." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 4, no. 05 (2021): 484–88. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i5-17.

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Faced with the impact of Covid-19, the Vietnam Government steadfastly carried out at the same time the goal of repelling epidemics and economic development. Economic stimulus is a topic often mentioned at recent scientific conferences and regular sessions. Many confused opinions about the concept of great economic indicators have been revealed. The article is based on the some indicators of System of National Accounts (SNA) to analyze and make judgments about appropriate policies in the current context.

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SHRIVASTAVA, RISHABH, and Preeti Mahajan. "Relationship amongst ResearchGate altmetric indicators and Scopus bibliometric indicators." New Library World 116, no. 9/10 (2015): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-03-2015-0017.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the study aims to investigate the relationship between the altmetric indicators from ResearchGate (RG) and the bibliometric indicators from the Scopus database. Second, the study seeks to examine the relationship amongst the RG altmetric indicators themselves. RG is a rich source of altmetric indicators such as Citations, RGScore, Impact Points, Profile Views, Publication Views, etc. Design/methodology/approach – For establishing whether RG metrics showed the same results as the established sources of metrics, Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between the metrics provided by RG and the metrics obtained from Scopus. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were also calculated for the metrics provided by RG. The data were collected by visiting the profile pages of all the members who had an account in RG under the Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India). Findings – The study showed that most of the RG metrics showed strong positive correlation with the Scopus metrics, except for RGScore (RG) and Citations (Scopus), which showed moderate positive correlation. It was also found that the RG metrics showed moderate to strong positive correlation amongst each other. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this study is that more and more scientists and researchers may join RG in the future, therefore the data may change. The study focuses on the members who had an account in RG under the Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh (India). Perhaps further studies can be conducted by increasing the sample size and by taking a different sample size having different characteristics. Originality/value – Being an emerging field, not much has been conducted in the area of altmetrics. Very few studies have been conducted on the reach of academic social networks like RG and their validity as sources of altmetric indicators like RGScore, Impact Points, etc. The findings offer insights to the question whether RG can be used as an alternative to traditional sources of bibliometric indicators, especially with reference to a rapidly developing country such as India.

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Eva, Hyblova, and Skalicky Roman. "Return on sales and wheat yields per hectare of European agricultural entities." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 10 (2018): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/209/2017-agricecon.

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Performance of agricultural entities can be observed from several different perspectives: using macroeconomic indicators, the quantity of agricultural production units, or by measuring the profitability. The paper present focuses on the relationship between profitability, return on sales (ROS) and wheat yields per hectare in agricultural entities in member states of the European Union (EU), divided into size categories by quantity standard output (SO). Due to the high proportion of subsidies in agriculture, the ROS indicator was rated in two versions: including subsidies and excluding subsidies. The aim of the paper is to confirm or refute the mutual relationship between these indicators, i.e. wheat yields per hectare, return on sales, and the size of the farm. The comparison is performed by means of indicators of descriptive statistics and tests of mathematical statistics. The results of the research show that return on sales drops with the size of the farm, while yields per hectare grow.

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Kutsenko, E. S., K. N. Boyakova, T. V. Ostashchenko, K. S. Tyurchev, and S. V. Artemov. "When size does not matter: Innovation attractiveness factors of medium-sized cities." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 5, 2024): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-6-96-119.

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This paper investigates the key features of modern innovative medium-sized cities. The study sample consists of 23 cities with the highest concentration of global high tech corporations, unicorn companies, leading universities, and highly cited researchers among all OECD countries. The distinctive features of cities were identified by comparing the average values of their indicators of well-being, openness to talent, transport accessibility, education coverage, knowledge and technology development, digital infrastructure and ecology with similar indicators of the countries where they are located. It has been revealed that cities with the greatest concentration of science and technology leaders are characterized by a high level of well-being; openness to talent and significant concentration of students, including international ones; preferential location near large agglomerations; developed digital infrastructure providing high Internet speed. This study offers new insight on possible trajectories for further development of Russian science cities and other territories with high scientific and technological potential in the context of foreign experience. Unlike foreign ones, Russian science cities concentrate a small proportion of local and foreign students, and their digital infrastructure is much less developed.

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Kutsenko, E. S., K. N. Boyakova, T. V. Ostashchenko, K. S. Tyurchev, and S. V. Artemov. "When size does not matter: Innovation attractiveness factors of medium-sized cities." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 6 (June 5, 2024): 96–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2024-6-96-119.

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This paper investigates the key features of modern innovative medium-sized cities. The study sample consists of 23 cities with the highest concentration of global high tech corporations, unicorn companies, leading universities, and highly cited researchers among all OECD countries. The distinctive features of cities were identified by comparing the average values of their indicators of well-being, openness to talent, transport accessibility, education coverage, knowledge and technology development, digital infrastructure and ecology with similar indicators of the countries where they are located. It has been revealed that cities with the greatest concentration of science and technology leaders are characterized by a high level of well-being; openness to talent and significant concentration of students, including international ones; preferential location near large agglomerations; developed digital infrastructure providing high Internet speed. This study offers new insight on possible trajectories for further development of Russian science cities and other territories with high scientific and technological potential in the context of foreign experience. Unlike foreign ones, Russian science cities concentrate a small proportion of local and foreign students, and their digital infrastructure is much less developed.

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Chu, Cindy, Nigel P. Lester, Henrique C. Giacomini, Brian J. Shuter, and Donald A. Jackson. "Catch-per-unit-effort and size spectra of lake fish assemblages reflect underlying patterns in ecological conditions and anthropogenic activities across regional and local scales." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 4 (2016): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0150.

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Across broad geographic scales, ecological indicators for fish assemblages should represent causal ecological processes, be sensitive enough to show patterns across the landscape, and reflect underlying biotic or abiotic conditions that influence those patterns. We assessed the responses of commonly applied ecological indicators for lake fish assemblages (mean body size, catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), and normalized length size spectrum (NLSS) slope) to regional (climate, water chemistry, and watershed stress due to human activities) and local (lake morphometry, water quality, and angling pressure) ecological and anthropogenic variables. The indicators were estimated using fish assemblage catch data acquired via a standardized gillnetting protocol implemented within 693 lakes in Ontario, Canada. To our knowledge, our study is the first size-based or catch-based indicator evaluation to include detailed observations of angling pressure on hundreds of inland lakes. Boosted regression tree models showed that CPUE of large-bodied organisms and NLSS slope best described underlying patterns in the regional and local variables. Models developed with a mix of regional and local variables performed better than models developed with regional or local variables alone. The relative influences of the variables and responses varied among indicators, but in general, ecological variables had greater influence on the indicators than anthropogenic variables. These results emphasize the complex and multiscaled nature of factors and ecological processes affecting body size, habitat-community production, and trophic dynamics in lake fish assemblages.

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Ayom Handayani and Ismunawan Ismunawan. "DETERMINAN UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN." Juremi: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi 2, no. 6 (2023): 745–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/juremi.v2i6.5618.

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This study aims to analyze liquidity, profitability, solvency, activity and firm size on the financial performance of chemical manufacturing companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. The research approach used in this research is quantitative. The population of this research is all manufacturing companies in the chemical sub-sector on the IDX. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling method with a total sample of 9 companies and 5 periods of financial statements. Analysis of liquidity indicators Current Ratio (CR). Analysis of profitability indicators Return on Equity (ROE). The solvency analysis of the indicator is Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). Analysis of activity indicators Inventory Turnover (IT). The indicator company size is Ln total assets. Financial performance is assessed with the Return on Assets indicator. The analysis technique used was descriptive statistics, classical assumption test (multicollinearity test and autocorrelation test), t test, f test, coefficient of determination test and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that Liquidity (CR) has a significant effect on financial performance, Profitability (ROE) has a significant effect on financial performance, Solvency (DER) has a significant effect on financial performance, Activity (IT) has no significant effect on financial performance. (LN) has a significant effect on improving financial performance. Together, Liquidity (CR), Profitability (ROE), Solvency (DER), Activity (IT) and Firm Size have a significant effect on financial performance

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Đaković, Miloš, Jelena Andrašić, Srđan Lalić, Branimir Kalaš, Velimir Lukić, and Cakić Ristić. "Determinants of financial performance: The case of companies from the former Yugoslavia region." Anali Ekonomskog fakulteta u Subotici, no. 00 (2025): 59. https://doi.org/10.5937/aneksub2500009d.

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Purpose: Profitability is one of the most critical performance indicators of a company and at the same time a very important indicator of importance to the rest of the key business indicators. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of key indicators on the level of profitability of selected companies. Methodology: The study uses fixed and random effects models as well as a generalized least squares model to analyze panel data of 78 companies from various sectors of the economy, listed on the stock exchanges of former Yugoslavia. The empirical analysis covers the period from 2006 to 2022 and includes indicators of capital structure, liquidity, activity, size, and age of companies. Findings: The main results indicate a statistically significant effect of indicators of capital structure and activity, while indicators of age and size also displayed significant effects. Originality/value: The results help enrich the existing literature and refine the knowledge of financial managers in the region for a better understanding of the effects of specific indicators on company performance. Practical implications - The results can be used by financial managers when constructing the financial mix of the company. Limitations: The main limitations are the use of only microeconomic indicators in relation to the use of macroeconomic indicators, as well as the analysis of only the ex-Yu region.

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Lauck, Bonnie. "Fluctuating asymmetry of the frog Crinia signifera in response to logging." Wildlife Research 33, no. 4 (2006): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04107.

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Fluctuating asymmetry has been proposed as an indicator of environmental stress and population health. However, a notable feature of research examining the relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and population fitness is that of inconsistency. Logging dramatically alters habitat and has the potential to increase or decrease environmental stress. To evaluate the response of fluctuating asymmetry to logging, I conducted research to determine whether fluctuating asymmetry differs in the frog Crinia signifera captured at logged and unlogged sites and if any differences were correlated with body size or body condition. There was a decrease in fluctuating asymmetry but also a decrease in body size and body condition as a result of logging. I also investigated whether any relationship existed between the subtle asymmetry of individuals and the following indicators of fitness: clutch size, clutch mass, average egg mass, testes size, body size and body condition. There was no significant relationship between subtle asymmetry and the fitness indicators.

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Bitetto, Isabella, Giovanni Romagnoni, Angeliki Adamidou, et al. "Modelling spatio-temporal patterns of fish community size structure across the northern Mediterranean Sea: an analysis combining MEDITS survey data with environmental and anthropogenic drivers." Scientia Marina 83, S1 (2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05015.06a.

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The state of marine systems subject to natural or anthropogenic impacts can be generally summarized by suites of ecological indicators carefully selected to avoid redundancy. Length-based indicators capture the status of fish community structure, fulfilling the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requirement for Descriptor 3 (status of commercial fish species). Although the MSFD recommends the development of regional indicators, a comparison among alternative length-based indicators is so far missing for the Mediterranean Sea. Using principal component analysis and dynamic factor analysis, we identified the most effective subset of length-based indicators, whether or not based on maximum length. Indicator trends and time series of fishing effort and environmental variables are also compared in order to highlight the individual and combined capability of indicators to track system changes across geographical sub-areas. Two indicators, typical length and mean maximum length, constitute the smallest set of non-redundant indicators, capturing together 87.45% of variability. Only in combination can these indicators disentangle changes in the fish community composition from modifications of size structure. Our study supports the inclusion of typical length among the regional MSFD Descriptor 3 indicators for the Mediterranean Sea. Finally, we show dissimilarity between the western and eastern-central Mediterranean, suggesting that there are sub-regional differences in stressors and community responses.

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Andriievskyi, I. I., О. А. Serebrennikova, S. A. Bondar, A. V. Shayuk, and I. V. Gunas. "Prognostic assessment of constitutional indicators influence on the indicators of personality traits of practically healthy women with different somatotypes." Reports of Morphology 27, no. 4 (2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/morphology-journal-2021-27(4)-01.

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It is known that both genetic factors and environmental influences affect the development of the human body. This statement also applies to a person’s personality, ie the big five – the main features that make it up. The study of the relationship between physique and personality traits among a healthy population is very relevant and is a promising area for anthropology and psychology. The purpose of the work is to conduct a prognostic assessment of the influence of anthropo-somatotypological indicators on the personality indicators in practically healthy Ukrainian women without and taking into account the somatotype. Primary anthropo-somatotypological (anthropometry according to Bunak’s scheme, Heath-Carter somatotype determination, Matiegka and American Institute of Nutrition weight composition) and personality indicators (determination of leading typological characteristics of temperament according to Eysenck, psychodynamic features of personality according to Spielberger and features of accentuated personality traits according to Shmishek, components of internality according to Rotter) of practically healthy Ukrainian women of the first mature age are selected from the data bank of materials of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya. Factor analysis was performed in the license package "Statistica 6.1". The main factors that indicate the association of personality traits of practically healthy Ukrainian women of different somatotypes with some anthropo-somatotypological indicators: mesomorphs – "the size of the girth and fat size of the body" and "the size of the longitudinal size of the body"; in ectomorphs – "the size of the girth of the body" and "the size of the fat size of the body"; in endo-mesomorphs - "the magnitude of the circumferential size of the body" and "the magnitude of the width of the mandible"; in representatives of the middle intermediate somatotype – "the magnitude of the longitudinal and circumferential dimensions of the body" and "the magnitude of SFT on the posterior surface of the shoulder." In the general group of women, it is impossible to single out the second factor that has a significant load. Analysis of the obtained relationships of interdependence of personality traits, which have the greatest prognostic value in terms of formation of human personality with anthropo-somatotypological indicators showed that women of different somatotypes identified interdependencies have certain features. Thus, the application of factor analysis made it possible to determine the most significant relationships of personality indicators with the constitutional parameters of the body in practically healthy Ukrainian women of different somatotypes.

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Putri, Andala Dika, Murtiani, Desnita, and Wahyuni Satria Dewi. "META ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT USING STUDENT WORKSHEET ON KNOWLEDGE ASPECTS IN PHYSICS LEARNING." PILLAR OF PHYSICS EDUCATION 14, no. 3 (2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/11885171074.

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Physics learning process is generally teacher-centered and does not provide opportunities for students to develop their potential by issuing their ideas. The learning is not by the demands of the 2013 curriculum, which is student-centered, students who find a concept in learning. Many studies use student worksheets that measure aspects of student knowledge. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect size of worksheets on aspects of student knowledge. This research uses the meta-analyst method. Data collection was done by browsing e-journals, SINTA and Google scholar. The data used are several articles published from 2013-2021 through national and international accredited journals. The sample of this study was 55 articles, consisting of 45 national articles and 10 international articles. The articles used have met the criteria for calculating effect size. Three indicators compare the effect of using LKS based on student knowledge grade level, subject matter units, and learning models. Based on the study results, it was found that the effect size of the use of LKS on the three indicators was (1) The largest effect size is obtained on class level indicator, with high category in class XI of 0.73 with medium category. (2) on unit subject indicator, largest effect size is on the fluid material unit of 0.77 with a high category. And (3) on indicator of the learning model, the largest effect size on the project based learning model is 0.86 with a high category.

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Ali, Rahmat, Irwan Lakawa, Sitti Hawa, and Sufrianto Sufrianto. "Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Mutu Pelaksanaan Proyek Peningkatan Jalan Tedubara-Pising Kabupaten Bombana." Sultra Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54297/sciej.v3i1.242.

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This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the quality of the implementation of improving the Tedubara-Pising street in Bombana Regency. This study uses quantitative data analysis techniques with a sample size of 30 respondents. The results showed that the factors affecting the quality of the Tedubara Pising road improvement in Bombana Regency were financial indicators (X3) 21.97%, followed by Human Resources indicators (X1) 20.14%, location indicators (X5) 19.68 %, material indicator (X2) 19.22%, and the lowest is equipment indicator (X4) 18.99%. Factors related to the quality of road improvement, namely the human resources variable with a value of 0.855 and material with a value of 0.853. This shows a very strong relationship

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Rahmat, Ali, Lakawa Irwan, Hawa Sitti, and Sufrianto Sufrianto. "Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Mutu Pelaksanaan Proyek Peningkatan Jalan Tedubara-Pising Kabupaten Bombana." Sultra Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 1 (2022): 32–40. https://doi.org/10.54297/sciej.v3i1.242.

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This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the quality of the implementation of improving the Tedubara-Pising street in Bombana Regency. This study uses quantitative data analysis techniques with a sample size of 30 respondents. The results showed that the factors affecting the quality of the Tedubara Pising road improvement in Bombana Regency were financial indicators (X3) 21.97%, followed by Human Resources indicators (X1) 20.14%, location indicators (X5) 19.68 %, material indicator (X2) 19.22%, and the lowest is equipment indicator (X4) 18.99%. Factors related to the quality of road improvement, namely the human resources variable with a value of 0.855 and material with a value of 0.853. This shows a very strong relationship

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Biganova, S. G., Yu I. Sukhorukih, E. K. Pchikhachev, and N. A. Trusheva. "Sample size for the evaluation of selection traits of nuts in hazelnut varieties." New Technologies 18, no. 4 (2023): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47370/2072-0920-2022-18-4-118-127.

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Planning works on the study of coblnut (hazelnut) requires establishing the sample size, taking into account the magnitude of the error and the significance of the results. Such studies have not been carried out in full with regard to plant varieties, taking into account modern requirements. The purpose of the research is to determine the sample size for calculating the value of selection traits of nuts in hazelnut varieties with different error rates and significance levels. For this purpose 12 main economically valuable breeding traits of nuts have been studied in 8 varieties – taste, weight, indestructibility, kernel yield, the presence of husks on it, strength and color of the shell, nut weight, one-dimensionality of fruits in size and shape, overall score. A well-known method has been used to calculate the sample size for evaluating each indicator with different relative and absolute errors for different levels of significance. The largest contribution to the overall maximum score of 59 points is made by the core indicators: taste – 25.42%, weight – 22.29%, indestructibility – 16.9%, yield – 11.31%. The share of other features is estimated at 2.25 – 6.78%. For a relative estimate of 5% accepted in Biology the estimated sample size for weight indicators was at a significance level of α = 0.05 / α = 0.1: walnut weight 30/21, kernel weight – 43/30 nuts; scoring indicators: shell color – 18/13, shell strength – 22/16, presence of husks on the kernel – 137/95, indestructibility of the kernel – 27/19, taste of the kernel – 25/17, total score of the selection category – 11/7 nuts. For indicators expressed as a percentage for α = 0.05: kernel yield with an error of 1% – 98, damaged by diseases, pests with an error of 10% – 62, one-dimensional in size with an error of 10% – 57, one-dimensional in shape – with 10%, error – 54 hazelnuts.

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Neu, Ismael Mario Márcio, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, Marcos Toebe, Fernanda Carini, Rafael Vieira Pezzini, and Daniela Lixinski Silveira. "Sample size to evaluate the degree of multicollinearity in rye morphological traits." Revista Caatinga 36, no. 1 (2023): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n123rc.

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ABSTRACT Investigation of multicollinearity allows parameters in multivariate analysis to be estimated with higher precision and with biological interpretation. In order to generate reliable estimates of the degree of multicollinearity, it is necessary to use appropriate sample size. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the sample size (number of plants) necessary to estimate the indicators of the degree of multicollinearity - condition number (CN), correlation matrix determinant (DET), and variance inflation factor (VIF) - in morphological traits of rye and to verify the variability of the sample size between the indicators. Five and three uniformity trials were conducted with the cultivars BRS Progresso and Temprano, respectively. Eight morphological traits were evaluated in 780 plants in eight trials. For each trial, 22 cases were selected among the 28 formed by the combination of eight traits, taken six by six, totaling 176 cases. In each case, 197 sample sizes were planned (20, 25, 30, ..., 1,000 plants) and in each size 2,000 resampling procedures with replacement were performed, CN, DET, and VIF were determined and the average among 2,000 estimates was calculated. For each case and indicator (CN, DET, and VIF), the sample size was determined through three models: modified maximum curvature method and linear and quadratic segmented models with plateau response. There is variability between sample sizes between indicators, with larger sample sizes required for DET, followed by CN and VIF, in that order, with at least 180, 116 and 85 plants, respectively.

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Lymonova, Elvina, Viktor Olevskyi, Yuliia Olevska, and Ruslan Kliuchnyk. "MAIN INDICATORS OF THE GERMAN LABOR MARKET: QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT ON MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS." Academic Review 1, no. 60 (2024): 272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2024-1-60-20.

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The study of the German labor market makes it possible to assert that Germany is a model of the employment system in the European Union. In the article, the authors studied the main indicators of the country’s labor market: minimum and average wages, nominal and real wages, unemployment rate, immigration to the country. It was revealed that the size of minimum wage rate is influenced not only by the state, but also by employers and trade unions. Thus, in many industries, the minimum wage is higher than the amount established by the state. In addition, the analysis of the size of the average salary demonstrates an important problem of the German labor market - the gender gap in income. In 2021, men earned approximately €700 more than women for equivalent work. The research examines the reasons for this inequality and offers recommendations for overcoming this contradiction. The article calculated the real wage index and found that starting from 2020, prices in Germany grew faster than wages. So, the real wage index for 2022 is -4.0. The main macro indicator of the labor market was analyzed. This is the level of unemployment, which turned out to be lower than the average indicator in the European Union. In addition, the authors draw attention to the problem of the aging of workers and the uneven distribution of the employed across the country’s regions. Thus, 53% of people over the age of 55 are still working in the economy. This is due to the shortage of specialists with higher education among young people. The article describes the immigration process in Germany and reveals an increase in migrants from countries suffering from war and violence. The influence of the number of immigrants on such macroeconomic indicators as GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate, and the size of the average wage was analyzed.

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Zadvernyuk, Halyna, Vadym Kadoshnikov, Stella Shekhunova, and Serhii Remez. "Particle size distribution and crystallinity as indicators of kaolinite genesis." Applied Clay Science 213 (November 2021): 106236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2021.106236.

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