Дисертації з теми "Sites de contacts membranaires"
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Jemaiel, Aymen. "Etude du trafic membranaire vésiculaire et non-vésiculaire chez la levure." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112348/document.
Повний текст джерелаEukaryotic cells are characterized by their internal membrane compartmentalization, with the various specialized organelles of the cell bounded by lipid membranes. Communication between different cellular compartments occurs via two transport pathways: vesicular transport and non-vesicular transport. Vesicular transport carries both proteins and lipids from one compartment to another in cells, whereas non-vesicular transport carries only lipids. An emerging idea is the important role that lipids play in cellular organization. Lipid binding amphipathic helices such as the ALPS (amphipathic lipid packing sensor) motif are targeted to membranes of a specific lipid composition, and hence act to transfer information encoded in membrane lipids to the vesicle trafficking machinery. The lipid composition of the membranes of different organelles is therefore of great importance. One mechanism that cells use to maintain the distinct lipid compositions of organelles is lipid transport, which occurs preferentially at membrane contact sites (MCS). MCS are regions of close appositions, on the order of 10 to 30 nm, between two membranes, generally between the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and another organelle. In my thesis, I addressed two aspects of how lipids and their transport function in intracellular trafficking, using yeast as a model system. First, I studied amphipathic motifs that mediate targeting of proteins to specific compartments in cells. Lipid binding amphipathic helices were shown in a previous study in the laboratory to mediate specific targeting to distinct lipid environments via direct protein-lipid interactions, both in vitro and in cells. One of these, the ALPS motif, targets vesicles of the early secretory pathway. The other, alpha-synuclein, targets vesicles travelling between the late Golgi, the plasma membrane and endosomes. I studied new potential alpha-synuclein-like motifs in yeast proteins, and their roles in cells. In a second project, in collaboration with the laboratory of Dr. Thierry Galli, I studied new compenents involved in lipid metabolism at contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. Maja Petkovic in the laboratory of Thierry Galli made the important discovery that the ER-localized SNARE protein Sec22 interacts with a plasma membrane syntaxin in neurons, thus providing a novel mechanism for mediating close contact between these two membranes. I addressed the question of whether this mechanism is conserved in yeast. The results I obtained confirmed that yeast Sec22 is able to interact with a SNARE protein localized to the plasma membrane, Sso1. I found by co-immunoprecitation that Sec22 and Sso1 both interact with lipid transfer proteins localized to ER-plasma membrane contact sites. Using a specific probe for phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate (PI4P), we showed that Sec22 was involved in regulating the level of PI4P at the plasma membrane. These results extend to yeast those obtained by Maja Petkovic, Thierry Galli and colleauges showing that Sec22 has a novel role at ER-plasma membrane contact sites, and suggest that this SNARE complex might be implicated in lipid transfer at these sites in yeast
Di, Mattia Thomas. "Identification et caractérisation de la protéine MOSPD2, un bâtisseur de sites de contact membranaire impliquant le réticulum endoplasmique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ043.
Повний текст джерелаMembrane contact sites (MCS) are specific subcellular regions where two organelles are physically connected. Such micro-domains - molecularly defined by protein-protein and/or protein membrane interactions - are involved in organelle dynamic and inter-organelle communication. The field of MCS is constantly expanding thanks to the discovery of new molecular actors involved in organelle tethering. In this context of research, we identified MOSPD2 (motile sperm domain-containing protein 2) as a new factor involved in the formation of MCS. The MOSPD2 protein is anchored to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); it is able to interact thanks to its MSP domain with other organelle-associated proteins which common feature is to have a short protein motif called FFAT. By binding with its protein partners, MOSPD2 establishes MCS between the ER and endosomes, mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. These results show how a large net covering the entire cytoplasm made by the ER can trap a large variety of cellular organelles
Gallo, Alessandra. "Role of non-vesicular secretion in neuronal development." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/GALLO_Alessandra_va.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe growth of neurites during neuronal development requires a massive increase of surface area via the insertion of new proteins and lipids. This event occurs through the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane (PM), the final step of the secretory pathway. Recently, non-vesicular transfer of lipids at contacts between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and PM was shown to contribute to membrane expansion. Members of the ER-integral membrane protein Extended-Synaptotagmin (E-Syt) family have been identified as Ca2+-dependent lipid transfer proteins at ER-PM contact sites, and shown to transfer glycerophospholipids via their lipid binding domains. The laboratory previously found that a novel ER-PM SNARE complex, composed of the ER-resident Sec22b and the neuronal plasmalemmal Stx1, is involved in neurite growth despite being unable to mediate membrane fusion. However, how this complex participates to neurite extension remained to be elucidated. In yeast, Sec22 interacts with lipid transfer proteins of the OSH family, enriched at the ER- PM contacts, supporting a role for Sec22b-populated ER- PM junctions in non-vesicular lipid transport between these bilayers. Based on these observations, our starting hypothesis was that E-Syts-mediated non-vesicular lipid transfer at Sec22b-populated ER-PM contacts, might contribute to neurite growth. The goal of my PhD was to explore this hypothesis with two specific questions: 1-What are the partners of Sec22b complexes which might be involved in the unconventional mechanisms of membrane expansion? 2-What is the mechanism whereby the non-fusogenic SNARE Sec22b/Stx1 complex acts in neuronal development?Here we show that Sec22b interacts with E-Syt2 and Stx1 in PC12 cells and with E-Syt2, E-Syt3 and Stx3 in HeLa cells. Overexpression of E-Syt2 stabilized Sec22b-Stx3 association, whereas silencing of E-Syt2 had the opposite effect. Overexpression of E-Syt2 full length, but not the mutant forms which are unable to transfer lipids or attach to the ER, increased the formation of filopodia particularly in the growing axon. Finally, this effect was inhibited by a clostridial neurotoxin cleaving Stx1, by the expression of Sec22b Longin domain and a by a Sec22b mutant with extended linker between SNARE and transmembrane domains.In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that Sec22b/Stx1 junctions may contribute to membrane expansion via an interaction with phospholipid transfer proteins like E-Syts
Petit, Jules. "Membrane Tethering in Plant Intercellular Communication : Structure-Function of Multiple C2 domains and Transmembrane Region Proteins (MCTP) at Plasmodesmata ER-PM Membrane Contact Site." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789611.
Повний текст джерелаPlant multicellularity relies on intercellular communication in order to transmit information from cell to cell and throughout the entire plant body. In land plants, the major line for such cellular conversations is through plasmodesmata (PD) pores, which are nanoscopic membranous tunnels spanning the pecto-cellulosic cell wall. These pores are indeed involved in the transfer of a wide variety of molecules such as transcription factors, RNAs, hormones and metabolites during all stages of plant life, adaptation and responses to their environment. PD are singular amongst other types of intercellular junctions as they provide a direct continuity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the plasma membrane (PM) and the cytosol between neighboring cells. Their architectural organization can be summarized as followed: a thin strand of constricted ER, called desmotubule, is encased in a tube of PM lining the cell wall. PD are seen as a specialized ER-PM membrane contact sites from the very close apposition (2 to 10 nm) of the ER and PM membranes and the presence of tethering elements bridging the two organelles. In this study, we describe the structural organization and function of several members of the MCTP (Multiple C2 domains and Transmembrane region Protein) family which act as ER-PM tethering elements at PD. We show that these proteins possess molecular features capable of transient interaction with anionic lipids of the PM, through their C2 domains, as well as ER membrane shaping, through their transmembrane region which presents homology to a reticulon domain. We further correlate MCTP function with PD architecture and biogenesis, and investigate on the role of the ER inside PD. Altogether, this work provides original data placing MCTPs as core PD proteins that appear to be crucial in the establishment of PD ultrastructure and associated functions
Nicolas, William. "Understanding plasmodesmata membrane organization and the control of cell-to-cell connectivity in plants." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0213.
Повний текст джерелаPlasmodesmata were first observed by Austrian botanist Eduard Tangl in 1880. He devoted himself to studying the anatomy and cytology of plants and his greatest discovery, of course, was the observation and first characterization of plasmodesmata (Tangl 1880, 1884 and 1885). Despite not having access to their ultrastructure, he observed thin striations (see front page engraving) between cotyledon cells of Strychnos nuxvomica and in the endosperm of seeds and described them as being conductive ducts. Already at the time, he was evoking the idea that these strands "unite them [the cells] to an entity of higher order", in other words formulating the first definition of a symplastic domain. lt is only in 1901 that Strasburger finally names these canals "plasmodesmata". His discovery led to a radical change in our conception of the plant entity and brought in new concepts such as the symplasm (Munch 1930) and transmembrane fluxes between cells, which are now being tackled with great interest by numerous research teams around the globe.Because of their size, plasmodesmata ultrastructure was not accessible until the advent of electron microscopy and they were long thought to be simple holes connecting plant cells one-another with no specific regulation. lt is only with the advent of electron microscopy and chemical fixation that botanists started to gain interest in this structure again. And even with these methods allowing the observation of structures down to several nanometers in size, there are still debates on the nature of the canal, its constituents and physiology (Lopez-Saez J. 1965, Robards A. 1970, Ding et al. 1992, Tilney et al. 1991, Overall and Gunning 1982, Schulz et al. 1995).Nowadays, with the advent of modern cryopreservation and three-dimensional electron tomography methods, great improvements are to be done in the understanding of the ultrastructure and physiology of these mysterious canals. More particularly by understanding the link between the membranous rearrangements taking place in these pores and the molecular transit regulation.My work has led us to view plasmodesmata as specialised Membrane Contact Sites (MCS). Hence, by analogy with MCS found in mammals, yeast and plants, this work embraces an original angle on the speculation of the composition and role of the desmotubule-plasma-membrane tethering complex. The work produced during my thesis allowed me to contribute to the publication of one review and two articles, which will constitute the introduction and two main sub-sections of the results chapter, respectively. The introductory review has been published in 2016 in Annual Review of Plant Biology. The first one is still under reviewing at Nature Plant and the other has been published in The Plant Cell journal in April 2015
Jamecna, Denisa. "Une région intrinsèquement désordonnée dans OSBP contrôle la géometrie et la dynamique du site de contact membranaire." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4229/document.
Повний текст джерелаOxysterol binding protein (OSBP) is a lipid transfer protein that regulates cholesterol distribution in cell membranes. OSBP consists of a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, two coiled-coils, a “two phenylalanines in acidic tract” (FFAT) motif and a C-terminal lipid binding OSBP-Related Domain (ORD). The PH domain recognizes PI(4)P and small G protein Arf1-GTP at the Golgi, whereas the FFAT motif interacts with the ER-resident protein VAP-A. By binding all these determinants simultaneously, OSBP creates membrane contact sites between ER and Golgi, allowing the counter-transport of cholesterol and PI(4)P by the ORD. OSBP also contains an intrinsically disordered ~80 aa long N-terminal sequence, composed mostly of glycine, proline and alanine. We demonstrate that the presence of disordered N-terminus increases the Stoke’s radius of OSBP truncated proteins and limits their density and saturation level on PI(4)P-containing membrane. The N-terminus also prevents the two PH domains of OSBP dimer to symmetrically tether two PI(4)P-containing (Golgi-like) liposomes, whereas protein lacking the disordered sequence promotes symmetrical liposome aggregation. Similarly, we observe a difference in OSBP membrane distribution on tethered giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), based on the presence/absence of N-terminus. Protein with disordered sequence is homogeneously distributed all over the GUV surface, whereas protein without N-terminus tends to accumulate at the interface between two PI(4)P-containing GUVs. This protein accumulation leads to local overcrowding, which is reflected by slow in-plane diffusion. The effect of N-terminus is also manifested in monomeric OSBPderived proteins that tether ER-like and Golgi-like membranes in the presence of VAP-A. Findings from our in vitro experiments are confirmed in living cells, where N-terminus controls the recruitment of OSBP on Golgi membranes, its motility and the on-and-off dynamics during lipid transfer cycles. Most OSBP-related proteins contain low complexity N-terminal sequences, suggesting a general effect
Wilhelm, Léa. "Etude du rôle de STARD3 dans le transport du cholestérol." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ048/document.
Повний текст джерелаSTARD3 is an endosomal sterol-binding protein which belongs to the START protein family. Remarkably, STARD3 modulates the cellular organization by creating membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and endosomes. The link between ER-endosome contact sites and cholesterol transport was not understood. In this work, we showed that STARD3 and its ER–resident partner, VAMP–associated protein (VAP), assemble into a machine that allows a highly efficient transport of cholesterol within ER–endosome contacts. This cholesterol transport provides building blocks for endosome inner membranes formation, and is probably involved in endosome dynamics. Furthermore, we studied STARD3 function in Niemann Pick type C disease, a condition characterized by an impairment of endosomal cholesterol export
Mahlberg, Florence. "Les Sites membranaires de liaison spécifiques des HDL caractérisation du ligand, aspects fonctionnels /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607558r.
Повний текст джерелаMahlberg, Florence. "Les sites membranaires de liaison specifiques des hdl : caracterisation du ligand, aspects fonctionnels." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077223.
Повний текст джерелаAbou, Zeid Nancy. "Régulation de la paxilline, un composant majeur des contacts focaux, pendant la migration cellulaire." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066228.
Повний текст джерелаMeffre, Delphine. "La progestérone dans le cerveau sain et après traumatisme : sites membranaires, synthèse, métabolites et effets." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T090.
Повний текст джерелаChitti, Yasmina. "Détection et imagerie des sites membranaires actifs sur la membrane d'un neurone en culture lors de son excitation." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11081.
Повний текст джерелаMartin, Solenne. "La P-glycoprotéine : analyse des différents sites de liaison de ses substrats et de sa fonction de transport." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112106.
Повний текст джерелаFandeleur, Patricia. "Caractérisation des sites récepteurs du (³H)-pirétanide sur des préparations membranaires rénales et sur des cellules rénales en culture." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604939v.
Повний текст джерелаFandeleur, Patricia. "Caractérisation des sites récepteurs du (3H)-piretanide sur des préparations membranaires rénales et sur des cellules rénales en culture." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13066.
Повний текст джерелаPulido, Puentes María Camila. "Synaptic fluctuations in cerebellar interneurons connected by a single synaptic contact." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB007/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe unitary element of central synaptic transmission is a single synaptic site, with one active zone as presynaptic component and the postsynaptic density as postsynaptic partner. Due to technical limitations there is much uncertainty on the mode of functioning of a single synaptic site. To address this issue it is planned to perform paired recordings between interneurons of the molecular layers of the cerebellum. These neurons form synapses with a large quantal size, and occasionally displaying a single release site, and are thus favorable for this study. Postsynaptic responses will be studied in response to trains of presynaptic action potentials under various conditions. The results will be compared to a model supposing the obligatory binding of vesicles to a small complement of docking sites prior to exocytosis
Denys, Agnès. "Les récepteurs lymphocytaires de la cyclophiline B : mise en évidence de deux sites de fixation membranaires : rôle de la CyPB dans l'immunosuppression." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10175.
Повний текст джерелаCes interactions favorisent ainsi le ciblage de la csa vers les cellules lymphocytaires qui expriment ces sites de fixation. Le complexe cypb/csa augmente l'activite immunosuppressive de la csa et reduit considerablement in vitro les variations inter-individuelles de sensibilite au medicament. La mesure du taux plasmatique de la cypb chez des sujets sains et des patients traites a la csa a revele une augmentation significative de la concentration de la cypb chez ces derniers. Le fait que cette augmentation favorise la formation du complexe cypb/csa ainsi que l'activite immunosuppressive de la csa, laisse entrevoir une application clinique de la cypb, en particulier chez les patients resistants a la csa
Sun, Jianfeng [Verfasser], Dmitrij [Akademischer Betreuer] Frischmann, Burkhard [Gutachter] Rost, and Dmitrij [Gutachter] Frischmann. "Prediction of residue contacts and interaction sites in transmembrane proteins using deep learning / Jianfeng Sun ; Gutachter: Burkhard Rost, Dmitrij Frischmann ; Betreuer: Dmitrij Frischmann." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231434627/34.
Повний текст джерелаMaftoul, Joseph. "Étude de l'extinction spontanée des arcs à faible courant dans l'air." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112465.
Повний текст джерелаPouliot, Laurence. "Étude de l'impact des interactions culturelles sur les occupants de l'Habitation 1 de Double Mer Point : développement d'une nouvelle méthodologie pour l'étude des sites de contacts." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66870.
Повний текст джерелаThrough the Tradition and Transition among Labrador Inuit partnership between the Nunatsiavut Government and the Memorial University of Newfoundland, the extensive archaeological excavation undertaken at Double Mer Point (GbBo-02) allowed us to study the impact of cultural interactions in Labrador on the daily life of the inhabitants of House 1 during the contact period, between the 17th and 19th centuries, a subject still under-exploited by archeology. Theoretical ideas from cultural contact studies and postcolonial archeology have thus been applied to Labrador through this research. Our theoretical reflection about the study of material culture from the contact period led to the development of a methodology combining the cultural aspects of objects and their manufacture. House 1, a semi-subterranean sod house dated from the late 18th and early 19th century, was interpreted using data (material, zooarchaeological, architectural and environmental) collected directly in the field. The dating of the site, the occupation phases and activities areas were determined via various analyzes. House 1 revealed a more complex occupation than most of the semi-subterranean houses of this period. It suggests of several phases of occupation of which the first would be a prehistoric Dorset occupation while the last one demonstrates the integration of a European in an Inuit community. The application of our methodology allows us to identify direct cultural transfers, to observe the intensification of intrinsic cultural traits, to study the influence of new material in the daily life of a community and to assess the impact of these changes in Labrador. This thesis contributes to the reconstruction of the cultural history of Labrador and hopes to encourage research about cultural interactions and material culture of the contact period.
Hamamah, Samir. "Evolution de caractéristiques membranaires des spermatozoïdes de bélier au cours de la maturation et de la capacitation sites de reconnaissance de la zône pellucide, régulation endocrinienne, étude de glycoprotéines." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375982236.
Повний текст джерелаVilleneuve, Kévin. "Contacteurs à membranes composites pour le captage du CO2 en postcombustion dans des solutions ammoniacales en vue de sa valorisation sur site industriel : étude expérimentale et modélisation des étapes d'absorption et de désorption." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0223.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to evaluate the performances of hollow fiber membrane contactors used for the CO2 absorption in aqueous ammonia and the regeneration of the latter within the frame of post-combustion CO2 capture. Fibers are made of a thin dense layer coated on a microporous support, the dense layer prevent membrane wetting by liquid penetration. Both experiment and modelling were done. During absorption experiments, important decrease of the CO2 capture efficiency was observed due to ammonium salts precipitation in the gas-side corroborating results from previous works. Experiments with CO2/N2 mixture saturated with water vapor, as would be the case for flue gas, interestingly, showed stable performances of the process. A one-dimensional multi-component adiabatic transfer model for CO2 absorption in NH3 has been implemented in Aspen Custom Modeler® and validated with experimental results. The simulations performed with the model confirmed the volumetric intensification potential of the technology, however, the NH3 slip reduction expected, because of the use of a dense layer more permeable to CO2 than NH3, wasn’t satisfying. Water condensation phenomenon in membrane contactors were studied with both experiments and simulations. It was thus showed that membrane pore wetting by condensation should not happened but gas-side condensation led to an important increase of the pressure drop with the potential of increasing compression costs. Experiments and simulations of the desorption of CO2 from a loaded aqueous ammonia solution with a membrane contactor were performed and important disparities were found between CO2 flux measured and simulated. A volumetric reduction of the membrane contactor when compared to the packed column was calculated highlighting the potential of the technology for the stripping step. In collaboration with the partners of the C2B project, in which this thesis is integrated, CO2 absorption essays were carried out on site with an industrial scale membrane contactor. The results of this pilot are consistent with laboratory results and encourages the transfer of the technology to the industrial scale
Gabel, Marion. "Formation des sites d'exocytose dans les cellules chromaffines : importance fonctionnelle, régulation et externalisation de l'Annexine A2." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ038/document.
Повний текст джерелаExocytosis is a fundamental biological mechanism which allows liberation of the contents of secretory granules into the extracellular medium. This calcium-regulated process requires the formation of lipid domains for the structural and spatial organisation of exocytotic sites. In the chromaffin cell, annexine A2, a calcium-, actin- and lipid-binding protein participates in the formation and stabilization of lipid microdomains. The major advance resulting from my thesis is the elucidation of the three-dimensional organization and the role of actin at the exocytotic site. Phosphorylation of the tyrosine 23 is known to affect the binding of annexin A2 to actin filaments and plasma membrane, two major actors of the exocytotic process and my results highlight the functional importance of this phosphorylation on exocytosis. Furthermore, tyrosine 23 phosphorylation also triggers a translocation of annexin A2 to the external face of the plasma membrane. The role and functional signification of this externalization was also examined
Blanchard, Tapia Kris. "Subthreshold Ca²+-dependent modulation of vesicle release dynamics and docking site occupancy at single central synapses." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2366&f=22687.
Повний текст джерелаIn several neurons of the CNS, subthreshold somatodendritic activity can spread passively into the axon and transiently enhance spontaneous and spike-evoked synaptic transmission in a Ca2+-dependent and graded manner. Available evidence about the underlying mechanism of this type of synaptic plasticity, called “analog” or “analog to digital” facilitation (ADF), remains largely incomplete for the majority of central synapses, mainly due to the experimental inaccessibility to the small presynaptic boutons. Here we use both Ca2+ photolysis and imaging at individual presynaptic terminals of the rat cerebellar molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), combined with whole-cell paired recordings from synaptically connected MLIs, to report a novel subthreshold Ca2+-dependent mechanism for ADF whereby the fraction and the kinetics of the pool of vesicles available for immediate release, the readily releasable pool (RRP), are modulated by changing the docking site occupancy probability in single synaptic contacts. Our results add a new dimension in the understanding of how subthreshold activity modulates information flow in neuronal circuits
Madore, Éric. "Étude des interactions entre le tRNA[exposant G] [exposant L] [exposant U] et la glutamyl-tRNA synthétase chez Escherichia coli, rôles des bases modifiées, structure des formes inactive et dimérique du tRNA[exposant G] [exposant L] [exposant U] et identification des sites de contacts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0004/NQ43089.pdf.
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