Статті в журналах: "Site specific weed management"

1

Hamouz, P., K. Hamouzová, J. Holec, and L. Tyšer. "Impact of site-specific weed management in winter crops on weed populations." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 11 (November 4, 2014): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/636/2014-pse.

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This work is focused on evaluating the effects of site-specific weed management (SSWM) on weed populations over a 4-year period. SSWM was used on a 3.07 ha experimental field during 2011–2014 in a rotation of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape. The area was split into application cells of 6 × 10 m and weed abundance was evaluated manually in each cell. Four different herbicide treatments were tested. Standard whole-field herbicide application (blanket spraying) was treatment 1. Treatments 2, 3 and 4 comprised SSWM using different thresholds for post-emergent herbicide applications. SSWM resulted in herbicide savings of 6.3–100% for Galium aparine, 0–84.4% for other dicotyledonous weeds, and 31.3–90.6% for annual monocotyledonous weeds. SSWM led to significantly increased density of G. aparine and Tripleurospermum inodorum in the final experimental year when compared to the blanket treatment. Negative correlation coefficients between 2011 and 2014 plant densities found in SSWM treatments (−0.237 to −0.401) indicate that Apera spica-venti does not establish a long-term soil seed bank.

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Hamouz, P., K. Hamouzová, L. Tyšer, and J. Holec. "Effect of site-specific weed management in winter crops on yield and weed populations." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 1 (January 22, 2014): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/574/2013-pse.

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Site-specific weed management (SSWM) methods allow spatially variable treatment of weed populations according to actual weed abundance, thus offering the opportunity for herbicide savings. However, SSWM’s effect on weed population dynamics is not sufficiently understood. In this study, SSWM was conducted based on various application thresholds to analyse the effects on crop yield and weed infestation in the succeeding crop. SSWM was used on a 3.07 ha experimental field in winter wheat (2011) and winter oilseed rape (2012). The whole area was split into application cells of 6 × 10 m and abundance of all weed species was evaluated manually in each cell. Four different herbicide treatments were tested. Standard whole-field herbicide application (blanket spraying) was treatment 1.<br /> Treatments 2, 3 and 4 comprised SSWM using different thresholds for post-emergent herbicide application. SSWM resulted in savings of post-emergent herbicides ranging from 71.9% to 100%, depending on the application threshold. Differences in winter rape yield among treatments were generally small and statistically insignificant<br /> (P = 0.989). Although some minor changes in weed abundances were observable, the experiment showed that none of the site-specific herbicide treatments caused a significant (α = 0.05) increase of weed species abundance compared to the standard treatment.

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3

Swinton, Scott M. "Economics of site-specific weed management." Weed Science 53, no. 2 (March 2005): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-04-035r2.

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4

Hamouz, P., K. Hamouzová, J. Holec, and L. Tyšer. "Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield ." Plant, Soil and Environment 59, No. 3 (January 19, 2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/599/2012-pse.

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An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management.

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5

Shaw, David R. "Remote sensing and site-specific weed management." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 3, no. 10 (December 2005): 526–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2005)003[0526:rsaswm]2.0.co;2.

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6

Ford, A. J., P. A. Dotray, J. W. Keeling, J. B. Wilkerson, J. W. Wilcut, and L. V. Gilbert. "Site-Specific Weed Management in Cotton Using WebHADSS™." Weed Technology 25, no. 1 (March 2011): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00060.1.

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Field trials were established in 2005 and continued in 2006 to evaluate a conventional broadcast herbicide sprayer compared to a variable spray (sensor-activated) weed-sensing sprayer (WSS). The computer-based Herbicide Application Decision Support System (WebHADSS™) was used to determine a portion of the herbicides applied (based on herbicide efficacy and economics). Weed control, herbicide usage, crop yield, and net returns were compared across treatments. The broadcast applications were usually the most effective at controlling weeds. A PPI herbicide did not always improve weed control compared to treatments in which no PPI herbicide was applied. Variable treatments used less herbicide than the broadcast system in both years. Cotton lint yields in broadcast applications were similar to the weed-free check in both years of the study. Variable treatments often provided equivalent net returns (gross yield revenue less weed control cost) to the broadcast treatments. Although herbicide savings were observed in the variable treatments when compared to a broadcast system, a reduction in weed control was observed, indicating the need for future improvements of this system. A site-specific weed management program used in conjunction with WebHADSS™ may have potential in cotton production systems in the Texas Southern High Plains where weed densities are low.

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7

LÓPEZ-GRANADOS, F. "Weed detection for site-specific weed management: mapping and real-time approaches." Weed Research 51, no. 1 (October 12, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00829.x.

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8

Shaw, David R. "Introduction to the symposium on site-specific weed management." Weed Science 53, no. 2 (March 2005): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2005)053[0220:sittso]2.0.co;2.

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9

Wiles, Lori J. "Sampling to make maps for site-specific weed management." Weed Science 53, no. 2 (March 2005): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-04-057r1.

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10

TREDAWAY-DUCAR, JOYCE, GAYLON D. MORGAN, JOHN B. WILKERSON, WILLIAM E. HART, ROBERT M. HAYES, and THOMAS C. MUELLER. "Site-Specific Weed Management in Corn (Zea mays)1." Weed Technology 17, no. 4 (October 2003): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt02-119.

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11

Singh, Karan, K. N. Agrawal, and Ganesh C. Bora. "RETRACTED: Advanced techniques for Weed and crop identification for site specific Weed management." Biosystems Engineering 109, no. 1 (May 2011): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.02.002.

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12

San Martín, Carolina, Dionisio Andújar, Judit Barroso, Cesar Fernández-Quintanilla, and José Dorado. "Weed Decision Threshold as a Key Factor for Herbicide Reductions in Site-Specific Weed Management." Weed Technology 30, no. 4 (December 2016): 888–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-16-00039.1.

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The objective of this research was to explore the influence that weed decision threshold (DT; expressed as plants m−2), weed spatial distribution patterns, and spatial resolution of sampling have on potential reduction in herbicide use under site-specific weed management. As a case study, a small plot located in a typical corn field in central Spain was used, constructing very precise distribution maps of the major weeds present. These initial maps were used to generate herbicide prescription maps for each weed species based on different DTs and sampling resolutions. The simulation of herbicide prescription maps consisted of on/off spraying decisions based on information from two different approaches for weed detection: ground-based vs. aerial sensors. In general, simulations based on ground sensors resulted in higher herbicide savings than those based on aerial sensors. The extent of herbicide reductions derived from patch spraying was directly related to the density and the spatial distribution of each weed species. Herbicide savings were potentially high (up to 66%) with relatively sparse patchy weed species (e.g., johnsongrass) but were only moderate (10 to 20%) with abundant and regularly distributed weed species (e.g., velvetleaf). However, DT has proven to be a key factor, with higher DTs resulting in reductions in herbicide use for all the weed species and all sampling procedures and resolutions. Moreover, increasing DT from 6 to 12 plants m−2resulted in additional herbicide savings of up to 50% in the simulations for johnsongrass and up to 28% savings in the simulations for common cocklebur. Nonetheless, since DT determines the accuracy of patch spraying, the consequences of using higher DTs could be leaving areas unsprayed, which could adversely affect crop yields and future weed infestations, including herbicide-resistant weeds. Considering that the relationship between DT and accuracy of herbicide application depends on weed spatial pattern, this work has demonstrated the possibility of using higher DT values in weeds with a clear patchy distribution compared with weeds distributed regularly.

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13

Dwivedi, Nihal, Dipender Kumar, and Priyanka Suryavanshi. "Precision farming techniques for sustainable weed management." emergent Life Sciences Research 08, no. 02 (2022): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2022.82142149.

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Weed management in modern agriculture is crucial to avoid yield losses and ensure food security. Climate change, intensive agricultural practices, and natural disasters change weed dynamics, requiring changes in weed management strategies. In addition to labor shortages, manual and chemical control options are no longer viable because of weed resistance to herbicides and the effects of eco-degradation and health hazards. As a result, weed management strategies that boost agricultural productivity are urgently needed. Precision agriculture has become one alternative for managing weeds, using tools and technologies to boost farm productivity. Recent innovations in precision application technology have made it possible to make smaller treatment units that can be applied to meet sitespecific demands. These systems combine ground-based and aerial weed sensing systems (that are site-specific, need-specific, and cost-effective) with integrated weed management. Despite the viability of all of these strategies in today's agriculture, site-specific selections and the appropriate combination of these eco-friendly strategies can efficiently reduce herbicide use, and ensure environmental protection while enhancing weed control efficiency and crop yield.

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14

Oriade, Caleb A., Robert P. King, Frank Forcella, and Jeffrey L. Gunsolus. "A Bioeconomic Analysis of Site‐Specific Management for Weed Control." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 18, no. 4 (October 1996): 523–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1349587.

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15

Gerhards, Roland, Dionisio Andújar Sanchez, Pavel Hamouz, Gerassimos G. Peteinatos, Svend Christensen, and Cesar Fernandez‐Quintanilla. "Advances in site‐specific weed management in agriculture—A review." Weed Research 62, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wre.12526.

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16

L. Tian, J. F. Reid, and J. W. Hummel. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PRECISION SPRAYER FOR SITE-SPECIFIC WEED MANAGEMENT." Transactions of the ASAE 42, no. 4 (1999): 893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13269.

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17

Berge, T. W., S. Goldberg, K. Kaspersen, and J. Netland. "Towards machine vision based site-specific weed management in cereals." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 81 (February 2012): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2011.11.004.

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18

Wiles, L. J. "Beyond patch spraying: site-specific weed management with several herbicides." Precision Agriculture 10, no. 3 (December 6, 2008): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-008-9097-6.

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19

Holmes, Ryan C., and Christy L. Sprague. "Row Width Affects Weed Management in Type II Black Bean." Weed Technology 27, no. 3 (September 2013): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-12-00150.1.

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Field studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at two locations in Michigan to examine the effect of row width and herbicide combination on weed suppression and yield in the new Type II black bean variety ‘Zorro.' Black bean was planted in 38- and 76-cm rows. Six weed control strategies were examined:S-metolachlor + halosulfuron (PRE),S-metolachlor (PRE) followed by (fb) bentazon + fomesafen (POST), halosulfuron (PRE) fb clethodim (+ fomesafen at one site in one year) (POST), imazamox + bentazon (POST), a weed-free control, and a nontreated control. Weed control and crop injury were evaluated throughout the growing season. In addition, weeds were counted by species in late July, and weed biomass was harvested and weighed at the end of the season. Black bean yield was obtained by direct harvest. Narrow rows reduced weed populations in two of the four site–year combinations (referred to hereafter as site–years), reduced weed biomass in three of the four site–years, and often improved control of upright broadleaf weeds. All herbicide combinations generally reduced weed populations and biomass, but control of specific weeds was variable. Crop injury was generally slight and transient. Yield was greater in narrow rows in two of the four site–years. All herbicide combinations increased yield compared with the nontreated control and resulted in similar yields to one another. Yield and weed suppression was often maximized in narrow rows, while herbicide performance varied by year and weed spectrum.

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20

Goudy, Heather J., Kenneth A. Bennett, Ralph B. Brown, and François J. Tardif. "Evaluation of site-specific weed management using a direct-injection sprayer." Weed Science 49, no. 3 (May 2001): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0359:eosswm]2.0.co;2.

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21

Maxwell, Bruce D., and Edward C. Luschei. "Justification for site-specific weed management based on ecology and economics." Weed Science 53, no. 2 (March 2005): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-04-071r2.

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22

Walsh, Michael J., Caleb C. Squires, Guy R. Y. Coleman, Michael J. Widderick, Adam B. McKiernan, Bhagirath S. Chauhan, Carlo Peressini, and Andrew L. Guzzomi. "Tillage based, site-specific weed control for conservation cropping systems." Weed Technology 34, no. 5 (March 19, 2020): 704–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.34.

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AbstractAustralian conservation cropping systems are practiced on very large farms (approximately 3,000 ha) where herbicides are relied on for effective and timely weed control. In many fields, though, there are low weed densities (e.g., <1.0 plant 10 m−2) and whole-field herbicide treatments are wasteful. For fallow weed control, commercially available weed detection systems provide the opportunity for site-specific herbicide treatments, removing the need for whole-field treatment of fallow fields with low weed densities. Concern about the sustainability of herbicide-reliant weed management systems remain and there has not been interest in the use of weed detection systems for alternative weed control technologies, such as targeted tillage. In this paper, we discuss the use of a targeted tillage technique for site-specific weed control in large-scale crop production systems. Three small-scale prototypes were used for engineering and weed control efficacy testing across a range of species and growth stages. With confidence established in the design approach and a demonstrated 100% weed-control potential, a 6-m wide pre-commercial prototype, the “Weed Chipper,” was built incorporating commercially available weed-detection cameras for practical field-scale evaluation. This testing confirmed very high (90%) weed control efficacies and associated low levels (1.8%) of soil disturbance where the weed density was fewer than 1.0 plant 10 m−2 in a commercial fallow. These data established the suitability of this mechanical approach to weed control for conservation cropping systems. The development of targeted tillage for fallow weed control represents the introduction of site-specific, nonchemical weed control for conservation cropping systems.

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23

Lati, Ran Nisim, Jesper Rasmussen, Dionisio Andujar, Jose Dorado, Therese W. Berge, Christina Wellhausen, Michael Pflanz, et al. "Site‐specific weed management—constraints and opportunities for the weed research community: Insights from a workshop." Weed Research 61, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wre.12469.

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24

Upendar, K., K. N. Agrawal, N. S. Chandel, and K. Singh. "Greenness identification using visible spectral colour indices for site specific weed management." Plant Physiology Reports 26, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40502-020-00562-0.

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25

Brown, Ralph B., and Scott D. Noble. "Site-specific weed management: sensing requirements— what do we need to see?" Weed Science 53, no. 2 (March 2005): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-04-068r1.

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26

Beckie, H. J., and S. Shirriff. "Site-specific wild oat (Avena fatua L.) management." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 92, no. 5 (September 2012): 923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-007.

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Beckie, H. J. and Shirriff, S. 2012. Site-specific wild oat ( Avena fatua L.) management. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 923–931. Variation in soil properties, such as soil moisture, across a hummocky landscape may influence wild oat emergence and growth. To evaluate wild oat emergence, growth, and management according to landscape position, a study was conducted from 2006 to 2010 in a hummocky field in the semiarid Moist Mixed Grassland ecoregion of Saskatchewan. The hypothesis tested was that wild oat emergence and growth would be greater in lower than upper slope positions under normal or dry early growing season conditions. Three herbicide treatments were imposed on the same plots each year of a 2-yr canola (Brassica napus L.) – wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequence: (1) nontreated (weedy) control; (2) herbicide application to upper and lower slope positions (i.e., full or blanket application); and (3) herbicide application to lower slope position only. Slope position affected crop and weed densities before in-crop herbicide application in years with dry spring growing conditions. Site-specific wild oat herbicide application in hummocky fields in semiarid regions may be justified based on results of wild oat control averaged across slope position. In year 2 of the crop sequence (wheat), overall (i.e., lower and upper slope) wild oat control based on density, biomass, and dockage (i.e., seed return) was similar between site-specific and full herbicide treatment in 2 of 3 yr. Because economic thresholds have not been widely adopted by growers in managing wild oat, site-specific treatment in years when conditions warrant may be an appropriate compromise between no application and blanket herbicide application.

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27

Beckie, Hugh J. "Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Management Tactics and Practices." Weed Technology 20, no. 3 (September 2006): 793–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-084r1.1.

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In input-intensive cropping systems around the world, farmers rarely proactively manage weeds to prevent or delay the selection for herbicide resistance. Farmers usually increase the adoption of integrated weed management practices only after herbicide resistance has evolved, although herbicides continue to be the dominant method of weed control. Intergroup herbicide resistance in various weed species has been the main impetus for changes in management practices and adoption of cropping systems that reduce selection for resistance. The effectiveness and adoption of herbicide and nonherbicide tactics and practices for the proactive and reactive management of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds are reviewed. Herbicide tactics include sequences and rotations, mixtures, application rates, site-specific application, and use of HR crops. Nonherbicide weed-management practices or nonselective herbicides applied preplant or in crop, integrated with less-frequent selective herbicide use in diversified cropping systems, have mitigated the evolution, spread, and economic impact of HR weeds.

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28

Kamath, Radhika, Mamatha Balachandra, Amodini Vardhan, and Ujjwal Maheshwari. "Classification of Weeds of Paddy Fields using Deep Learning." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 16, no. 4 (September 3, 2022): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2022164.246857.

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Weed management is one of the important tasks in agriculture. Weeds in rice fields are usually managed using three ways - chemical herbicides, mechanical weeders, and manual weeding. Manual weeding becomes a problem when there is a shortage of agricultural laborers. Mechanical weeders are not suitable for direct-seeded rice fields. Chemical herbicides are not advisable especially when farmers do not know about site-specific weed management. Site-specific weed management is using the right herbicide in the right amount. Therefore, this paper investigates computer vision-based deep learning techniques with transfer learning classifying three types of weeds in paddy fields, namely sedges, grasses, and broadleaved weeds so that the right herbicide is recommended to the farmers. This would reduce the broadcast application and the overuse of the herbicides, thereby limiting the negative impact of the chemical herbicides on the environment. This research work shows promising results with an accuracy around 90% and thus encourages the development of digital agriculture.

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Hunter, Joseph E., Travis W. Gannon, Robert J. Richardson, Fred H. Yelverton, and Ramon G. Leon. "Integration of remote‐weed mapping and an autonomous spraying unmanned aerial vehicle for site‐specific weed management." Pest Management Science 76, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 1386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ps.5651.

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30

Jurado-Expósito, Montserrat, Francisca López-Granados, Luis García-Torres, Alfonso García-Ferrer, Manuel Sánchez de la Orden, and Silvia Atenciano. "Multi-species weed spatial variability and site-specific management maps in cultivated sunflower." Weed Science 51, no. 3 (May 2003): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2003)051[0319:mwsvas]2.0.co;2.

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31

Wilkerson, Gail G., Andrew J. Price, Andrew C. Bennett, David W. Krueger, Gary T. Roberson, and Bridget L. Robinson. "Evaluating the Potential for Site-Specific Herbicide Application in Soybean." Weed Technology 18, no. 4 (December 2004): 1101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-03-258r.

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Field experiments were conducted on two North Carolina research stations in 1999, 2000, and 2001; on-farm in Lenoir, Wayne, and Wilson counties, NC, in 2002; and on-farm in Port Royal, VA, in 2000, 2001, and 2002 to evaluate possible gains from site-specific herbicide applications at these locations. Fields were scouted for weed populations using custom software on a handheld computer linked to a Global Positioning System. Scouts generated field-specific sampling grids and recorded weed density information for each grid cell. The decision aid HADSS™ (Herbicide Application Decision Support System) was used to estimate expected net return and yield loss remaining after treatment in each sample grid of every field under differing assumptions of weed size and soil moisture conditions, assuming the field was planted with either conventional or glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean. The optimal whole-field treatment (that treatment with the highest expected net return summed across all grid cells within a field) resulted in average theoretical net returns of $79/ha (U.S. dollars) and $139/ha for conventional and GR soybean, respectively. When the most economical treatment for each grid cell was used in site-specific weed management, theoretical net returns increased by $13/ha (conventional) and $4.50/ha (GR), and expected yield loss after treatment was reduced by 10.5 and 4%, respectively, compared with the whole-field optimal treatment. When the most effective treatment for each grid cell was used in site-specific weed management, theoretical net returns decreased by $18/ha (conventional) and $4/ha (GR), and expected yield loss after treatment was reduced by 27 and 19%, respectively, compared with the whole-field optimal treatment. Site-specific herbicide applications could have reduced the volume of herbicides sprayed by as much as 70% in some situations but increased herbicide amounts in others. On average, the whole-field treatment was optimal in terms of net return for only 35% (conventional) and 57% (GR) of grid cells.

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32

Longchamps, Louis, Bernard Panneton, Robin Reich, Marie-Josée Simard, and Gilles D. Leroux. "Spatial Pattern of Weeds Based on Multispecies Infestation Maps Created by Imagery." Weed Science 64, no. 3 (September 2016): 474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00178.1.

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Weeds are often spatially aggregated in maize fields, and the level of aggregation varies across and within fields. Several annual weed species are present in maize fields before postemergence herbicide application, and herbicides applied will control several species at a time. The goal of this study was to assess the spatial distribution of multispecies weed infestation in maize fields. Ground-based imagery was used to map weed infestations in rain-fed maize fields. Image segmentation was used to extract weed cover information from geocoded images, and an expert-based threshold of 0.102% weed cover was used to generate maps of weed presence/absence. From 19 site-years, 13 (68%) demonstrated a random spatial distribution, whereas six site-years demonstrated an aggregated spatial pattern of either monocotyledons, dicotyledons, or both groups. The results of this study indicated that monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed groups were not spatially segregated, but discriminating these weed groups slightly increased the chances of detecting an aggregated pattern. It was concluded that weeds were not always spatially aggregated in maize fields. These findings emphasize the need for techniques allowing the assessment of weed aggregation prior to conducting site-specific weed management.

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33

Mamora, Samuel Herbert. "Floristic Composition and Diversity of Weeds in Organic Rice Fields in Langkong, M’lang, Cotabato." Southeastern Philippines Journal of Research and Development 26, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53899/spjrd.v26i1.123.

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This study investigated the floristic composition and diversity of weeds in organic rice fields in Langkong, Mlang, Cotabato covering an area of 2.5 hectares within which 100 quadrats were randomly assigned. Identification of weeds showed thirteen species belonging to six families eight of which are annuals and five perennials comprising five broadleaf, three grass, and five sedge types. All weed species had <50% uniformity which may imply less competitiveness against rice or effective control by weed management practices. Fimbristylis littoralis and Cyperus difformis have the highest frequencies and the highest field uniformities and highest mean field densities indicating that these weeds are the most difficult to control. The weed density of fields in which the species occurred increased compared to densities from all fields for all weed species that may mean that site-specific or management-specific factors contribute to the survival of those species. Relative abundance values showed that Fimbristylis littoralis and Cyperus difformis are the two most dominant weed species. Weed species diversity is medium and equivalent to 5 equally abundant species.

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Blank, Lior, Nitzan Birger, and Hanan Eizenberg. "Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ecballium elaterium in Almond Orchards." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 13, 2019): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110751.

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The concept of site-specific weed management is based on the assumption that weeds are aggregated in patches. In this study, we surveyed four plots in four commercial almond orchards for three years and mapped the locations of Ecballium elaterium, a troublesome weed in Israeli agriculture, specifically in almond orchards. We analyzed the spatial pattern of the plants’ locations using nearest neighbor analysis and Ripley’s L function. The number of E. elaterium plants increased by more than 70% in the four plots from 2015 to 2016. In addition, the observed mean distance between nearest neighbors increased by more than 10% from 2016 and 2017. We found in all four plots that the spatial pattern of E. elaterium was clustered and that these weed patch locations were consistent over the years although the density within the patches increased. The extent of these clusters ranged between 40 to 70 m and remained similar in size throughout the study. These features make E. elaterium a suitable target for site-specific weed management and for pre-emergence patch spraying. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal pattern of weeds could aid in understanding their ecology and could help target herbicide treatments to specific locations of the field and, thus, reducing the chemical application.

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Coleman, Guy R. Y., Amanda Stead, Marc P. Rigter, Zhe Xu, David Johnson, Graham M. Brooker, Salah Sukkarieh, and Michael J. Walsh. "Using energy requirements to compare the suitability of alternative methods for broadcast and site-specific weed control." Weed Technology 33, no. 4 (May 29, 2019): 633–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.32.

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AbstractThe widespread use of herbicides in cropping systems has led to the evolution of resistance in major weeds. The resultant loss of herbicide efficacy is compounded by a lack of new herbicide sites of action, driving demand for alternative weed control technologies. While there are many alternative methods for control, identifying the most appropriate method to pursue for commercial development has been hampered by the inability to compare techniques in a fair and equitable manner. Given that all currently available and alternative weed control methods share an intrinsic energy consumption, the aim of this review was to compare methods based on energy consumption. Energy consumption was compared for chemical, mechanical, and thermal weed control technologies when applied as broadcast (whole-field) and site-specific treatments. Tillage systems, such as flex-tine harrow (4.2 to 5.5 MJ ha−1), sweep cultivator (13 to 14 MJ ha−1), and rotary hoe (12 to 17 MJ ha−1) consumed the least energy of broadcast weed control treatments. Thermal-based approaches, including flaming (1,008 to 4,334 MJ ha−1) and infrared (2,000 to 3,887 MJ ha−1), are more appropriate for use in conservation cropping systems; however, their energy requirements are 100- to 1,000-fold greater than those of tillage treatments. The site-specific application of weed control treatments to control 2-leaf-stage broadleaf weeds at a density of 5 plants m−2 reduced energy consumption of herbicidal, thermal, and mechanical treatments by 97%, 99%, and 97%, respectively. Significantly, this site-specific approach resulted in similar energy requirements for current and alternative technologies (e.g., electrocution [15 to 19 MJ ha−1], laser pyrolysis [15 to 249 MJ ha−1], hoeing [17 MJ ha−1], and herbicides [15 MJ ha−1]). Using similar energy sources, a standardized energy comparison provides an opportunity for estimation of weed control costs, suggesting site-specific weed management is critical in the economically realistic implementation of alternative technologies.

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36

Pavlović, Danijela, Sava Vrbničanin, Ana Anđelković, Dragana Božić, Miloš Rajković, and Goran Malidža. "Non-Chemical Weed Control for Plant Health and Environment: Ecological Integrated Weed Management (EIWM)." Agronomy 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051091.

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Herbicide application has long been considered the most efficient weed control method in agricultural production worldwide. However, long-term use of agrochemicals has numerous negative effects on crops and the environment. Bearing in mind these negative impacts, the EU strategy for withdrawing many herbicides from use, and modern market demands for the production of healthy and safe food, there is a need for developing new effective, sustainable, and ecological weed control measures. To bring a fresh perspective on this topic, this paper aims to describe the most important non-chemical weed control strategies, including ecological integrated weed management (EIWM), limiting weed seed bank, site-specific weed management, mechanical weeding, mulching, crop competitiveness, intercropping, subsidiary crops, green manure, and bioherbicides.

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Lamastus-Stanford, F. E., and D. R. Shaw. "Evaluation of Site-Specific Weed Management Implementing the Herbicide Application Decision Support System (HADSS)." Precision Agriculture 5, no. 4 (August 2004): 411–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:prag.0000040808.78546.d5.

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Fernández-Quintanilla, C., J. M. Peña, D. Andújar, J. Dorado, A. Ribeiro, and F. López-Granados. "Is the current state of the art of weed monitoring suitable for site-specific weed management in arable crops?" Weed Research 58, no. 4 (May 1, 2018): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wre.12307.

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Dadashzadeh, Mojtaba, Yousef Abbaspour-Gilandeh, Tarahom Mesri-Gundoshmian, Sajad Sabzi, José Luis Hernández-Hernández, Mario Hernández-Hernández, and Juan Ignacio Arribas. "Weed Classification for Site-Specific Weed Management Using an Automated Stereo Computer-Vision Machine-Learning System in Rice Fields." Plants 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2020): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9050559.

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Site-specific weed management and selective application of herbicides as eco-friendly techniques are still challenging tasks to perform, especially for densely cultivated crops, such as rice. This study is aimed at developing a stereo vision system for distinguishing between rice plants and weeds and further discriminating two types of weeds in a rice field by using artificial neural networks (ANNs) and two metaheuristic algorithms. For this purpose, stereo videos were recorded across the rice field and different channels were extracted and decomposed into the constituent frames. Next, upon pre-processing and segmentation of the frames, green plants were extracted out of the background. For accurate discrimination of the rice and weeds, a total of 302 color, shape, and texture features were identified. Two metaheuristic algorithms, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the bee algorithm (BA), were used to optimize the neural network for selecting the most effective features and classifying different types of weeds, respectively. Comparing the proposed classification method with the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier, it was found that the proposed ANN-BA classifier reached accuracies of 88.74% and 87.96% for right and left channels, respectively, over the test set. Taking into account either the arithmetic or the geometric means as the basis, the accuracies were increased up to 92.02% and 90.7%, respectively, over the test set. On the other hand, the KNN suffered from more cases of misclassification, as compared to the proposed ANN-BA classifier, generating an overall accuracy of 76.62% and 85.59% for the classification of the right and left channel data, respectively, and 85.84% and 84.07% for the arithmetic and geometric mean values, respectively.

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de Castro, A. I., J. M. Peña, J. Torres-Sánchez, F. Jiménez-Brenes, and F. López-Granados. "Mapping Cynodon dactylon in vineyards using UAV images for site-specific weed control." Advances in Animal Biosciences 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470017000826.

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In Spain, the use of annual cover crops is a crop management practice for irrigated vineyards that allows controlling vineyard vigor and yield, which also leads to improve the crop quality. Recently, Cynodon dactylon (bermudagrass) has been reported to infest those cover crops and colonize the grapevine rows, resulting in significant yield and economic losses due to the competition for water and nutrients. From timely unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, the objective of this research was to map C. dactylon patches in order to provide an optimized site-specific weed management. A quadrocopter UAV equipped with a point-and-shoot camera was used to collect a set of aerial red-green-blue (RGB) images over a commercial vineyard plot, coinciding with the dormant period of C. dactylon (February 2016). Object-based image analysis (OBIA) techniques were used to develop an innovative algorithm for early discrimination and mapping of C. dactylon, which had the ability to solve the limitation of spectral similarity of this weed with cover crops or bare soil. As a general result, the classified maps of the studied vineyard showed four main classes, i.e. vine, cover crop, C. dactylon and bare soil, with 85% overall accuracy. These weed maps allow developing new strategies for site-specific control of C. dactylon populations in the context of precision viticulture.

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Bajwa, Ali A., Gulshan Mahajan, and Bhagirath S. Chauhan. "Nonconventional Weed Management Strategies for Modern Agriculture." Weed Science 63, no. 4 (December 2015): 723–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-15-00064.1.

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Weeds are a significant problem in crop production and their management in modern agriculture is crucial to avoid yield losses and ensure food security. Intensive agricultural practices, changing climate, and natural disasters affect weed dynamics and that requires a change in weed management protocols. The existing manual control options are no longer viable because of labor shortages; chemical control options are limited by ecodegradation, health hazards, and development of herbicide resistance in weeds. We are therefore reviewing some potential nonconventional weed management strategies for modern agriculture that are viable, feasible, and efficient. Improvement in tillage regimes has long been identified as an impressive weed-control measure. Harvest weed seed control and seed predation have been shown as potential tools for reducing weed emergence and seed bank reserves. Development in the field of allelopathy for weed management has led to new techniques for weed control. The remarkable role of biotechnological advancements in developing herbicide-resistant crops, bioherbicides, and harnessing the allelopathic potential of crops is also worth mentioning in a modern weed management program. Thermal weed management has also been observed as a useful technique, especially under conservation agriculture systems. Last, precision weed management has been elaborated with sufficient details. The role of remote sensing, modeling, and robotics as an integral part of precision weed management has been highlighted in a realistic manner. All these strategies are viable for today's agriculture; however, site-specific selection and the use of right combinations will be the key to success. No single strategy is perfect, and therefore an integrated approach may provide better results. Future research is needed to explore the potential of these strategies and to optimize them on technological and cultural bases. The adoption of such methods may improve the efficiency of cropping systems under sustainable and conservation practices.

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Beckie, Hugh J., Michael B. Ashworth, and Ken C. Flower. "Herbicide Resistance Management: Recent Developments and Trends." Plants 8, no. 6 (June 8, 2019): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8060161.

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This review covers recent developments and trends in herbicide-resistant (HR) weed management in agronomic field crops. In countries where input-intensive agriculture is practiced, these developments and trends over the past decade include renewed efforts by the agrichemical industry in herbicide discovery, cultivation of crops with combined (stacked) HR traits, increasing reliance on preemergence vs. postemergence herbicides, breeding for weed-competitive crop cultivars, expansion of harvest weed seed control practices, and advances in site-specific or precision weed management. The unifying framework or strategy underlying these developments and trends is mitigation of viable weed seeds into the soil seed bank and maintaining low weed seed banks to minimize population proliferation, evolution of resistance to additional herbicidal sites of action, and spread. A key question going forward is: how much weed control is enough to consistently achieve the goal of low weed seed banks? The vision for future HR weed management programs must be sustained crop production and profitability with reduced herbicide (particularly glyphosate) dependency.

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Jurado-Expósito, Montserrat, Francisca López-Granados, Francisco Manuel Jiménez-Brenes, and Jorge Torres-Sánchez. "Monitoring the Spatial Variability of Knapweed (Centaurea diluta Aiton) in Wheat Crops Using Geostatistics and UAV Imagery: Probability Maps for Risk Assessment in Site-Specific Control." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050880.

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Assessing the spatial distribution of weeds within a field is a key step to the success of site-specific weed management strategies. Centaurea diluta (knapweed) is an emerging weed that is causing a major agronomic problem in southern and central Spain because of its large size, the difficulty of controlling it, and its high competitive ability. The main objectives of this study were to examine the spatial variability of C. diluta density in two wheat fields by multivariate geostatistical methods using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery as secondary information and to delineate potential control zones for site-specific treatments based on occurrence probability maps of weed infestation. The primary variable was obtained by grid weed density field samplings, and the secondary variables were derived from UAV imagery acquired the same day as the weed field surveys. Kriging and cokriging with UAV-derived variables that displayed a strong correlation with weed density were used to compare C. diluta density mapping performance. The accuracy of the predictions was assessed by cross-validation. Cokriging with UAV-derived secondary variables generated more accurate weed density maps with a lower RMSE compare with kriging and cokriging with RVI, NDVI, ExR, and ExR(2) (the best methods for the prediction of knapweed density). Cokriged estimates were used to generate probability maps for risk assessment when implementing site-specific weed control by indicator kriging. This multivariate geostatistical approach enabled the delineation of winter wheat fields into two zones for different prescription treatments according to the C. diluta density and the economic threshold.

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Silva, Anelise L., Nereu A. Streck, Alencar J. Zanon, Giovana G. Ribas, Bruno L. Fruet, and André R. Ulguim. "Surveys of weed management on flooded rice yields in southern Brazil." Weed Science 70, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2021.77.

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AbstractOne of the main limiting factors for high yields of flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the presence of weeds, especially herbicide-resistant weeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of weed management practices adopted by flooded rice farmers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, with grain yield. For this purpose, 324 interview surveys were administered to farmers who supplied information about the history of weed management and yields. The answers to the survey indicated that weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Echinochloa spp. were the most important weeds that occurred in flooded rice areas in RS. Advanced growth stage of weeds and inadequate environmental conditions such as air temperature and relative humidity were listed as the main reasons for low weed control efficacy. Farmers achieved greater rice yields when they adopted rice–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (9,140 kg ha−1 average yield) and herbicide site of action rotations (8,801 kg ha−1 average yield) along with tank mixes (8,580 kg ha−1 average yield) as specific management practices for resistant weed control. The use of glyphosate with residual herbicides in a tank mix in the rice spiking stage is the main factor related to greater yields. The postemergence applications and their relationship to delaying of flooding in rice is a factor that reduces rice yield when no spiking glyphosate application was made. Identification of the most important weeds in terms of occurrence and knowledge of the main agronomic practices adopted by farmers are essential so that recommendations for integrated management practices can be adopted in an increasingly accurate and sustainable manner in flooded rice areas in southern Brazil.

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45

Torres-Sánchez, Jorge, Francisca López-Granados, Ana Isabel De Castro, and José Manuel Peña-Barragán. "Configuration and Specifications of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for Early Site Specific Weed Management." PLoS ONE 8, no. 3 (March 6, 2013): e58210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058210.

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46

Sheffield, Kathryn, and Tony Dugdale. "Supporting Urban Weed Biosecurity Programs with Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (June 22, 2020): 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122007.

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Weeds can impact many ecosystems, including natural, urban and agricultural environments. This paper discusses core weed biosecurity program concepts and considerations for urban and peri-urban areas from a remote sensing perspective and reviews the contribution of remote sensing to weed detection and management in these environments. Urban and peri-urban landscapes are typically heterogenous ecosystems with a variety of vectors for invasive weed species introduction and dispersal. This diversity requires agile systems to support landscape-scale detection and monitoring, while accommodating more site-specific management and eradication goals. The integration of remote sensing technologies within biosecurity programs presents an opportunity to improve weed detection rates, the timeliness of surveillance, distribution and monitoring data availability, and the cost-effectiveness of surveillance and eradication efforts. A framework (the Weed Aerial Surveillance Program) is presented to support a structured approach to integrating multiple remote sensing technologies into urban and peri-urban weed biosecurity and invasive species management efforts. It is designed to support the translation of remote sensing science into operational management outcomes and promote more effective use of remote sensing technologies within biosecurity programs.

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Izquierdo, Jordi, Alice E. Milne, Jordi Recasens, Aritz Royo-Esnal, Joel Torra, Richard Webster, and Bárbara Baraibar. "Spatial and Temporal Stability of Weed Patches in Cereal Fields under Direct Drilling and Harrow Tillage." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040452.

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The adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) techniques by farmers is changing the dynamics of weed communities in cereal fields and so potentially their spatial distribution. These changes can challenge the use of site-specific weed control, which is based on the accurate location of weed patches for spraying. We studied the effect of two types of CA (direct drilling and harrow-tilled to 20 cm) on weed patches in a three-year survey in four direct-drilled and three harrow-tilled commercial fields in Catalonia (North-eastern Spain). The area of the ground covered by weeds (hereafter called “weed cover”) was estimated at 96 to 122 points measured in each year in each field, in 50 cm × 50 cm quadrats placed in a 10 m × 10 m grid in spring. Bromus diandrus, Lolium rigidum, and Papaver rhoeas were the main weed species. The weed cover and degree of aggregation for all species varied both between and within fields, regardless of the kind of tillage. Under both forms of soil management all three were aggregated in elongated patterns in the direction of traffic. Bromus was generally more aggregated than Lolium, and both were more aggregated than Papaver. Patches were stable over time for only two harrow-tilled fields with Lolium and one direct-drilled field with Bromus, but not in the other fields. Spatial stability of the weeds was more pronounced in the direction of traffic. Herbicide applications, crop rotation, and traffic seem to affect weed populations strongly within fields, regardless of the soil management. We conclude that site-specific herbicides can be applied to control these species because they are aggregated, although the patches would have to be identified afresh in each season.

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Singh, Karan, K. N. Agrawal, and Ganesh C. Bora. "Retraction notice to “Advanced techniques for weed and crop identification for site specific weed management” [Biosystems Engineering 109 (2011) 52–64]." Biosystems Engineering 111, no. 1 (January 2012): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2011.11.001.

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Butts, Thomas R., Chase A. Samples, Lucas X. Franca, Darrin M. Dodds, Daniel B. Reynolds, Jason W. Adams, Richard K. Zollinger, et al. "Droplet Size Impact on Efficacy of a Dicamba-plus-Glyphosate Mixture." Weed Technology 33, no. 1 (February 2019): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2018.118.

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AbstractChemical weed control remains a widely used component of integrated weed management strategies because of its cost-effectiveness and rapid removal of crop pests. Additionally, dicamba-plus-glyphosate mixtures are a commonly recommended herbicide combination to combat herbicide resistance, specifically in recently commercially released dicamba-tolerant soybean and cotton. However, increased spray drift concerns and antagonistic interactions require that the application process be optimized to maximize biological efficacy while minimizing environmental contamination potential. Field research was conducted in 2016, 2017, and 2018 across three locations (Mississippi, Nebraska, and North Dakota) for a total of six site-years. The objectives were to characterize the efficacy of a range of droplet sizes [150 µm (Fine) to 900 µm (Ultra Coarse)] using a dicamba-plus-glyphosate mixture and to create novel weed management recommendations utilizing pulse-width modulation (PWM) sprayer technology. Results across pooled site-years indicated that a droplet size of 395 µm (Coarse) maximized weed mortality from a dicamba-plus-glyphosate mixture at 94 L ha–1. However, droplet size could be increased to 620 µm (Extremely Coarse) to maintain 90% of the maximum weed mortality while further mitigating particle drift potential. Although generalized droplet size recommendations could be created across site-years, optimum droplet sizes within each site-year varied considerably and may be dependent on weed species, geographic location, weather conditions, and herbicide resistance(s) present in the field. The precise, site-specific application of a dicamba-plus-glyphosate mixture using the results of this research will allow applicators to more effectively utilize PWM sprayers, reduce particle drift potential, maintain biological efficacy, and reduce the selection pressure for the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds.

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Walsh, Michael J., and Stephen B. Powles. "Harvest weed seed control: impact on weed management in Australian grain production systems and potential role in global cropping systems." Crop & Pasture Science 73, no. 4 (February 23, 2022): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp21647.

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The introduction of harvest weed seed control (HWSC) techniques and associated machinery has enabled the routine use of an alternative weed control technology at a novel weed control timing in global grain cropping fields. Driven by the significant threat of widespread populations of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) with multiple-herbicide resistance, in the 1990s Australian growers and researchers developed techniques to target, at grain harvest, the seed production of annual ryegrass and other important weed species. The HWSC approach to weed management is now routinely used by a majority of Australian grain producers as an integral component of effective weed control programs. Here we detail the development and introduction of current HWSC systems and describe their efficacy in Australian grain production systems. The use of HWSC has likely contributed to lower annual ryegrass population densities and thus mitigated the impacts of herbicide resistance as well as slowing further evolution of resistance. In addition, low weed densities enable the introduction of site-specific weed control technologies and the opportunity to target specific in-crop weeds with non-selective alternative weed control techniques. With an awareness of the evolutionary potential of weed species to adapt to all forms of weed control, there is an understanding that HWSC treatments need to be judiciously used in grain cropping systems to ensure their ongoing efficacy. The successful use of Australian developed HWSC systems has attracted global interest and there is now a considerable international research effort aimed at introducing this alternative weed control approach and timing into the world’s major cropping systems.

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