Дисертації з теми "Sino india"
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Kumar, Pranav. "Prospects for Sino-India relations 2020." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5678.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis argues that territorial dispute, regional geopolitics, and economic competition, catalyzed by misperceptions, will ensure that Sino-India relations remain competitive in nature. However, the high costs of war, growing economic interaction, and the imperative for peaceful economic development will help keep the nature of competition to a pragmatic level through 2020. Worth noting is that nations engaged in pragmatic competition continue to factor in "the other" as a potential enemy for military planning purposes. To stabilize pragmatism in Sino-India relations this thesis recommends a three-pronged strategy for India: build trust; ensure credible deterrence; and, promote economic and regional cooperation. To be forthcoming without appearing weak must be India's mantra.
Svensson, Johan. "Sino-Indian Relations:Complex Challenges in a Complex Relationship." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19198.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Muchun. "The Sino-Indian Border War and the foreign policies of China and India (1950-1965)." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-sinoindian-border-war-and-the-foreign-policies-of-china-and-india-19501965(32bc5179-c994-4885-a0c0-fe9e981cdf09).html.
Повний текст джерелаQue, Wen Jun. "String of pearls, myth or reality? : Sino-Indian interaction in Indian Ocean." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2595577.
Повний текст джерелаChand, Bibek. "Buffer States in Sub-Systemic Rivalries: Analyzing Nepal's Role in Sino-Indian Security Dynamics." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3779.
Повний текст джерелаBakhala, Franklin. "Indian opium and Sino-Indian trade relations 1801-1858." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389672.
Повний текст джерелаTseng, Lan-Shu. "The transformations of Sino-Indian relations, 1950-2013." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39523/.
Повний текст джерелаShahani, Uttara. "Sind and the partition of India, c.1927-1952." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290268.
Повний текст джерелаHarder, Anton. "Defining independence in Cold War Asia : Sino-Indian relations, 1949-1962." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3414/.
Повний текст джерелаWestcott, Stephen. "The intractable Sino-Indian border dispute: A theoretical and historical account." Thesis, Westcott, Stephen (2017) The intractable Sino-Indian border dispute: A theoretical and historical account. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2017. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/41262/.
Повний текст джерелаRandall, Dimitri. "The impact of Sino-Indian energy security ambitions on Burma's domestic and foreign politics." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10679.
Повний текст джерелаHaines, Timothy Daniel. "Building the Empire, building the nation : water, land and the politics of river development in Sind 1898-1969." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/131eccc5-0dda-22dd-5f83-61deaccd07ac/9/.
Повний текст джерелаKrishnamurthy, Thanmayee. "Sing Rāga, Embody Bhāva: The Way of Being Rasa." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505144/.
Повний текст джерелаÅström, Gustav. "Resan mot Sydneys operahus alternativt chips, öl och spela rock : En kvalitativ studie om hur aspirerande artister beskriver sina drömmar med musiken." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Ljud- och musikproduktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27284.
Повний текст джерелаFurquim, Junior Nilton. "A a??o combinada de exerc?cio f?sico e fisioterapia na recupera??o da lombalgia em indiv?duos acima de 60 anos." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2622.
Повний текст джерелаAtualmente devido ? inatividade f?sica, a falta de informa??o e os v?cios posturais, as pessoas enfrentam grandes problemas de sa?de como doen?as cr?nicas degenerativas e dores nas costas conhecida como lombalgia acarretando nesses indiv?duos al?m da dor uma mudan?a no seu cotidiano habitual. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo Interpretar a efic?cia da a??o combinada do Exerc?cio F?sico e Fisioterapia na recupera??o da lombalgia, nos idosos do que utilizam o Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS) do munic?pio de Mafra-SC. A presente investiga??o ? quantitativa, caracteriza-se como sendo um estudo experimental, em um delineamento de efic?cia. A popula??o alvo foi formada pelas pessoas com mais de 60 anos do munic?pio, totalizando 109 indiv?duos, que foram selecionados previamente atrav?s de exames m?dicos e avalia??o f?sica, cujos dados est?o contidos em prontu?rio pr?prio. Os crit?rios de inclus?o, al?m da faixa et?ria, dizem respeito a sujeitos da pesquisa que apresentam lombalgia cr?nica, em condi??es de realizar os itens previstos na metodologia da presente pesquisa. Os selecionados foram divididos aleatoriamente, atrav?s de inscri??o par/ ?mpar, em dois grupos. Grupo um: os que fizeram o trabalho fisioter?pico, acompanhado de exerc?cio f?sico, de forma simult?nea, grupo dois: os que fizeram apenas o trabalho fisioter?pico, constituindo dessa forma o grupo controle. Resultados Quanto ? an?lise descritiva das caracter?sticas dos grupos calculou-se m?dia de idade em 66,74?6,35 anos, sendo a maioria indiv?duos do sexo feminino, contabilizando 78,18% de idosas no grupo um e 77,77% de idosas no grupo dois. Ap?s an?lise estat?stica para compara??o das medidas encontradas em pr? e p?s-teste dos grupos exerc?cio f?sico e controle ?ndice de Massa Corporal os dois grupos apresentaram diferen?as estat?sticas tendo obtido uma diferen?a maior em rela??o ? m?dia de diminui??o de 0,98 kg/m? no grupo controle para 0,24 kg/m? no grupo um. Em rela??o ao percentual de gordura observamos uma maior igualdade neste protocolo apresentando valores de diferen?a de m?dias parecidos, obtendo uma diferen?a entre os grupos de apenas 0,4% de gordura o que n?o ? significativo. A circunfer?ncia de cintura foi o teste que mais apresentou diferen?as entre os grupos, no grupo um a m?dia ficou em 2,51cm j? o outro grupo controle 0,29cm. Na flexibilidade, os dados coletados n?o apresentaram uma distribui??o normal, sendo assim, utilizou-se o teste de compara??o de Wilcoxon, obtendo diferen?as estat?sticas significantes nos dois grupos. Sendo 2,31 cm no grupo um e de apenas 0,29 cm no grupo controle entre pr? e p?s teste, flexibilidade de ombro, n?o mostrou diferen?as significativas entre pr? e p?s testes nos dois grupos. Na for?a obteve-se as maiores diferen?as em rela??o aos grupos, ocorrendo uma diferen?a estat?stica significativa no grupo um de 3,27 kg e 0,24 Kg no grupo dois. A escala da dor, essa vari?vel apresentou diferen?as significativas nos dois grupos, ao se comparar as m?dias identificou-se que a diferen?a encontrada foi de 2,03 no grupo um e 0,23 no grupo dois em rela??o ? diminui??o da dor. Conclui-se que a a??o combinada de exerc?cio f?sico com a fisioterapia ocorreu uma melhora significativa nas val?ncias f?sica analisadas principalmente na diminui??o da dor e com isso tendo um tempo menor para a recupera??o da lombalgia no Grupo 1.
Souza, Filho Pedro Ferreira de. "Palma forrageira (Opuntia ficus indica e Nopalea cochenillifera) como mat?ria-prima para produ??o de etanol celul?sico e enzimas celulol?ticas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15853.
Повний текст джерелаCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The need for new sources of energy and the concern about the environment have pushed the search for renewable energy sources such as ethanol. The use of lignocellulosic biomass as substrate appears as an important alternative because of the abundance of this raw material and for it does not compete with food production. However, the process still meets difficulties of implementation, including the cost for production of enzymes that degrade cellulose to fermentable sugars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of the species of cactus pear Opuntia ficus indica and Nopalea cochenillifera, commonly found in northeastern Brazil, as raw materials for the production of: 1) cellulosic ethanol by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process, using two different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PE-2 and LNF CA-11), and 2) cellulolytic enzymes by semi-solid state fermentation (SSSF) using the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Before alcoholic fermentation process, the material was conditioned and pretreated by three different strategies: alkaline hydrogen peroxide, alkaline using NaOH and acid using H2SO4 followed by alkaline delignification with NaOH. Analysis of composition, crystallinity and enzymatic digestibility were carried out with the material before and after pretreatment. In addition, scanning electron microscopy images were used to compare qualitatively the material and observe the effects of pretreatments. An experimental design 2? with triplicate at the central point was used to evaluate the influence of temperature (30, 40 and 45 ?C) and the initial charge of substrate (3, 4 and 5% cellulose) in the SSF process using the material obtained through the best condition and testing both strains of S. cerevisiae, one of them flocculent (LNF CA-11). For cellulase production, the filamentous fungus P. chrysogenum was tested with N. cochenillifera in the raw condition (without pretreatment) and pretrated hydrothermically, varying the pH of the fermentative medium (3, 5 and 7). The characterization of cactus pear resulted in 31.55% cellulose, 17.12% hemicellulose and 10.25% lignin for N. cochenillifera and 34.86% cellulose, 19.97% hemicellulose and 15.72% lignin for O. ficus indica. It has also been determined, to N. cochenillifera and O. ficus indica, the content of pectin (5.44% and 5.55% of calcium pectate, respectively), extractives (26.90% and 9.69%, respectively) and ashes (5.40% and 5.95%). Pretreatment using alkaline hydrogen peroxide resulted in the best cellulose recovery results (86.16% for N. cochenillifera and 93.59% for O. ficus indica) and delignification (48.79% and 23.84% for N. cochenillifera and O. ficus indica, respectively). This pretreatment was also the only one which did not increase the crystallinity index of the samples, in the case of O. ficus indica. However, when analyzing the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose, alkali pretreatment was the one which showed the best yields and therefore it was chosen for the tests in SSF. The experiments showed higher yield of conversion of cellulose to ethanol by PE-2 strain using the pretreated N. cochenillifera (93.81%) at 40 ?C using 4% initial charge of cellulose. N. cochenillifera gave better yields than O. ficus indica and PE-2 strain showed better performance than CA-11. N. cochenillifera proved to be a substrate that can be used in the SSSF for enzymes production, reaching values of 1.00 U/g of CMCase and 0.85 FPU/g. The pretreatment was not effective to increase the enzymatic activity values
A necessidade de novas fontes de energia e a preocupa??o com o meio-ambiente t?m impulsionado a pesquisa por fontes renov?veis de energia, como o etanol. O uso de biomassa lignocelul?sica como substrato aparece como uma importante alternativa devido ? abund?ncia desta mat?ria-prima e por n?o concorrer com a produ??o de alimentos. Entretanto, o processo ainda encontra dificuldades de implementa??o, entre elas o custo para produ??o das enzimas que degradam a celulose em a??cares fermentesc?veis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento das esp?cies de palma forrageira Opuntia ficus indica (gigante) e Nopalea cochenillifera (mi?da), comumente encontradas na regi?o Nordeste do Brasil, como mat?rias-primas para produ??o de: 1) etanol celul?sico pelo processo de sacarifica??o e fermenta??o simult?neas (SFS) usando duas cepas diferentes de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PE-2 e LNF CA-11) e 2) enzimas celulol?ticas atrav?s da fermenta??o em estado semiss?lido (FES) usando o fungo filamentoso Penicillium chrysogenum. Antes do processo de fermenta??o alco?lica, o material foi condicionado e pr?-tratado por tr?s diferentes estrat?gias: per?xido de hidrog?nio alcalino, alcalino usando NaOH e ?cido usando H2SO4 seguido de deslignifica??o alcalina com NaOH. An?lises de composi??o, cristalinidade e digestibilidade enzim?tica foram feitas com o material antes e depois do pr?-tratamento. Adicionalmente, imagens de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura foram usadas para comparar qualitativamente o material e observar os efeitos dos pr?-tratamentos. Um planejamento fatorial 2? com triplicata no ponto central foi utilizado para avaliar a influ?ncia da temperatura (30, 40 e 45 ?C) e da carga inicial de substrato (3, 4 e 5% de celulose) no processo SFS, usando o material obtido nas melhores condi??es de pr?-tratamento e testando duas cepas de S. cerevisiae, sendo uma delas floculante (LNF CA-11). Para a produ??o de celulase, o fungo filamentoso P. chrysogenum foi testado com a esp?cie de palma N. cochenillifera no estado in-natura (sem pr?-tratamento) e submetida a um pr?-tratamento hidrot?rmico, variando-se o pH do meio fermentativo (3, 5 e 7). A caracteriza??o das palmas forrageiras resultou em 31,55% de celulose, 17,12% de hemicelulose e 10,25% de lignina para a esp?cie N. cochenillifera e 34,86% de celulose, 19,97% de hemicelulose e 15,72% de lignina para a esp?cie O. ficus indica. Analisou-se ainda, para as palmas mi?da e gigante, o teor de pectina (5,44% e 5,55% de pectato de c?lcio, respectivamente), extrativos (26,90% e 9,69%, respectivamente) e cinzas (5,40% e 5,95%). O pr?-tratamento usando per?xido de hidrog?nio alcalino apresentou os melhores resultados de recupera??o de celulose (86,16% para a palma mi?da e 93,59% para a palma gigante) e de deslignifica??o (48,79% e 23,84% para as palmas mi?da e gigante, respectivamente). Este pr?-tratamento foi tamb?m o ?nico a n?o elevar o ?ndice de cristalinidade das amostras, no caso da palma gigante. Entretanto, quando analisada a digestibilidade enzim?tica da celulose, o pr?-tratamento alcalino foi o que proporcionou os melhores rendimentos e, portanto, este foi o escolhido para os testes de SFS. Os experimentos demonstraram maior rendimento da convers?o de celulose em etanol pela cepa PE-2 usando a palma mi?da pr?-tratada (93,81%) a 40 ?C e usando 4% de carga inicial de celulose. A palma mi?da demonstrou melhores rendimentos que a gigante e a cepa PE-2 resultou melhor desempenho que a CA-11. A palma mi?da se mostrou um substrato poss?vel de ser usado na FES para produ??o de enzimas, alcan?ando valores de 1,00 U/g de CMCase e 0,85 FPU/g. O pr?-tratamento n?o se mostrou eficaz para aumentar os valores de atividade enzim?tica
Oliveira, Charlene Brito de. "Efeitos de exerc?cios pendulares no equil?brio e na mobilidade de indiv?duos portadores da Doen?a de Parkinson." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7708.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Importance: The efficacy of combined body suspension with tilting exercises (Chordata Method) in Parkinson?s disease (PD) is unclear. Objective: Design a clinical study to assess the efficacy of body suspension with tilting exercises on functional and quality of life outcomes in PD. Design, Setting, and Participants: This is an assessor-blinded, randomized and controlled clinical trial. A total of 48 subjects with moderate PD were recruited from the Neurological Service of S?o Lucas Hospital, PUCRS, Brazil. Recruitment took place between September 2015 and May 2016. The entire protocol study lasted 16 weeks, with 8 weeks of exercise protocol and 8 weeks of follow-up. Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned to either body suspension with tilting exercises (intervention group) or stretching exercises (control group). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the Timed Up and Go test at the 8th week. Secondary outcomes were Berg Balance Scale (BBS); Functional Reach Test (FRT); Unified Parkinson?s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Parkinson?s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). These measures were assessed at baseline (before trial entry) and then at the 8th (end of exercise protocols) and 16th weeks (8 weeks of follow-up) after randomization. Results: Of the 48 subjects randomized in the study 20 received the intervention (71.3?6.3 years old) and 20 were controls (66.7?6.4 years old). Eight of them were lost during the trial (four per group). Analysis of co-variance, with adjustment for baseline measurement, revealed a between-group difference in the Timed Up and Go test at 8th week [CI95% difference of -4.90 (-5.80 a -4.00), p<0.0001] and in the follow-up [CI95% difference of -4.94 sec (-5.82 to -4.06), p<0.0001], which was our primary outcome. Significant between-groups differences were also found for all secondary outcomes (BBS, UPDRS-III, FRT, and PDQ-39) at 8th week and follow-up (16th week) assessments. Conclusions and relevance: We suggest the body suspension with tilting exercises protocol (the Chordata Method) improves functionality and quality of life in subjects with moderate PD. This evidence supports the Chordata method appears to be a new effective therapeutic option to treat Parkinson-related mobility and balance dysfunctions.
Import?ncia: A efic?cia da utiliza??o de exerc?cios de suspens?o e pendula??o corporal (m?todo Chordata) para o tratamento de sujeitos com a Doen?a de Parkinson ainda n?o foi testada. Objetivo: Realizar um estudo cl?nico para avaliar a efic?cia de um programa de exerc?cios de suspens?o e pendula??o corporal sobre a funcionalidade e qualidade de vida de sujeitos portadores da doen?a de Parkinson. Delineamento, M?todo e Participantes: Trata-se de um ensaio cl?nico, controlado e randomizado, com avaliador de desfecho alheio aos grupos experimentais. Um total de 48 sujeitos com diagn?stico m?dico de doen?a de Parkinson, de est?gio leve ? moderado, foram recrutados a partir do Servi?o de Neurologia do Hospital S?o Lucas da PUCRS, Brasil. O recrutamento ocorreu entre Setembro de 2015 e Maio de 2016. O protocol do estudo teve a dura??o de 16 semanas, sendo 8 semanas de pr?tica dos exerc?cios propostos, com iguais 8 semanas de seguimento (follow-up). Interven??o: Os sujeitos foram randomizados nos grupos interven??o (suspens?o e pendula??o corporal) e controle (alongamentos de grandes grupos musculares). Desfechos principais e medidas: O desfecho prim?rio do presente estudo foi o teste do Timed Up and Go ao final do protocolo de treinamento (8 semanas). Os desfechos secund?rios foram a Escala de Equil?brio de Berg (EEB); o teste do Alcance Funcional (TAF); a Escala Unificada da Doen?a de Parkinson, sess?o III (UPDRS-III) e o Question?rio de Qualidade de Vida na Doen?a de Parkinson (PDQ-39). Estes desfechos foram avalaidos nos momentos pr?-interven??o, ap?s, ao t?rmino do protocol de exerc?cios (8 semanas) e no per?odo de seguimento (16 semanas ap?s a randomiza??o). Resultados: De um total de 48 sujeitos randomizados, 20 participaram do grupo interven??o (71,3?6,3 anos de idade) e 20 do grupo controle (66,7?6,4 anos de idade). Oito sujeitos foram perdidos durante a execu??o do estudo (quarto em cada um dos grupos). A An?lise de co-vari?ncia, com ajuste para os dados basais, revelou uma diferen?a entre-grupos no teste do Timed Up and Go ao t?rmino do protocolo de exerc?cios (8 semanas) [diferen?a IC95%: -4,90 (-5,80 a -4,00), p<0,0001] e na avalia??o de seguimento [diferen?a IC95%: -4.94 sec (-5,82 to -4,06), p<0.0001], teste este estabelecido como o desfecho prim?rio. Diferen?as significativas tamb?m foram encontradas para todos os desfechos secund?rios (EEB, UPDRS-III, TAF e PDQ-39) em ambas as avalia??es p?s-interven??o (8 e 16 semanas ap?s a randimiza??o). Conclus?es e relev?ncia: Nossos resultados sugerem que os exerc?cios de suspens?o e pendula??o corporal s?o capazes de melhorar a funcionalidade e a qualidade de vida de sujeitos com a doen?a de Parkinson, em est?gio moderado. Esta evid?ncia suporta que o m?todo Chordata parece ser uma nova e efetiva interven??o terap?utica para o tratamento das desordens de mobilidade e equil?brio associadas ? doen?a de Parkinson.
Pichinao, Huenchuleo Jimena Gloria 1973. "Todavía sigo siendo mapuche en otros espacios territoriales (Mapuchewkülekan kake Fütal mapu mew) = Todavia continuo sendo mapuche em outros espaços territoriais (Mapuchewkülekan kake Fütal mapu mew)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281578.
Повний текст джерелаTexto em espanhol
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Nesse texto pretende-se compreender como, atualmente, se manifesta a relação dos mapuche com sua filosofia social (mapuche rakizuam). Veremos como mesmo num contexto de profundas transformações, o pensamento próprio contínua fazendo sentido e intensificando a vida das pessoas mapuche. O que será abordado a partir da análise de casos de pessoas que, durante a segunda metade dos anos 1960, se deslocaram desde um espaço territorial (fütal mapu) para outro e que aqui aparecem guiando nossa reflexão. A abordagem proposta para esta pesquisa implicou o tratamento das principais categorias da filosofia mapuche, tanto aquelas relativas a seus princípios fundacionais, como as que se relacionam com a espacialidade. Procura-se expor um esquema geral disponível para a interlocução com futuros estudos sobre a temática. Da mesma maneira que, numa tentativa de construir generalização, se propõe à filosofia social ou sóciocosmologia mapuche nomes que contêm uma forte ênfase religiosa; centrada na vida e suas inter-relaciones, onde os cerimoniais constituem um vínculo inevitável; além de um componente ético moral que é sua principal consequência. Em todo o trajeto de escrita procura-se demostrar como, a pesar das mudanças que afetaram drasticamente a existência dos mapuche, chegando hoje em dia a se colocar em xeque sua sobrevivência, ainda persiste uma reflexão própria que permanentemente luta por se fazer visível
Abstract: In this research we describe how the Mapuche people relate to their social philosophy (mapuche rakizuam), how even in a context of profound transformations their own way of thinking continues to make sense and makes their lives more complex. This study is conducted from a particular case of some individuals who moved from one territory (fütal mapu) to another one during the second half of the 1960s. The approach included the treatment of the main categories of Mapuche philosophy both those relating to its basic principles, and those relating to its spatial relations. Thus, it reveals a general scheme for establishing a dialoge with future studies on this topic. Also, in an attempt to make some generalizations, names for Mapuche social philosophy or sociocosmology are proposed which contain a strong religious emphasis, focused on life and its interrelations, where ceremonials constitute the unavoidable link, and where an ethic and moral component is their main consequence. All along thesis, we try to show the persistence of a particular reflection which is permanently fighting to get visible despite the migrations which have drastically affected very the existence of the Mapuche whose survival has been threatened
Mestrado
Antropologia Social
Mestre em Antropologia Social
Matos, Mariana Aguiar de. "Efeitos de uma sess?o de exerc?cio f?sico aer?bico em componentes celulares e moleculares relacionados ? resist?ncia a insulina em indiv?duos obesos." UFVJM, 2012. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/793.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes)
A maior quantidade de ?cidos graxos livres e de citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias plasm?tica presentes na obesidade, podem desencadear a resist?ncia a insulina, dentre outros fatores, pela fosforila??o inibit?ria do substrato do receptor de insulina 1 (IRS-1), via ativa??o de quinases relacionadas ao estresse, como a quinase C-jun N-terminal (JNK). Em obesos, a resist?ncia a insulina correlaciona-se com altera??es do sistema imune, e com a baixa express?o da prote?na de choque t?rmico de 72kDa (Hsp72) e aumento da ativa??o da JNK no m?sculo esquel?tico. Considerando que o exerc?cio f?sico aer?bico promove melhora da sensibilidade a insulina e tem um efeito anti-inflamat?rio. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de uma sess?o de exerc?cio f?sico aer?bico na express?o da HSP70, ativa??o da JNK e fosforila??o do IRS-1 no res?duo de serina 612 (IRS-1 ser612) no m?sculo esquel?tico de obesos. Al?m disso, foi avaliada a frequ?ncia dos linf?citos T auxiliares (CD4+) e citol?ticos (CD8+) e das subpopula??es de mon?citos cl?ssicos (CD14++CD16-), intermedi?rios (CD14++CD16+) e n?o cl?ssicos (CD14+CD16++). Os participantes do estudo (n=27) foram alocados em tr?s grupos experimentais (eutr?ficos sens?veis a insulina, obesos sens?veis a insulina, obesos resistentes a insulina) de acordo com a classifica??o do estado nutricional, de acordo com o ?ndice de massa corporal e presen?a ou n?o de resist?ncia a insulina, definida pelo modelo de avalia??o da homeostase (HOMA1-IR). Amostras de sangue venoso e do m?sculo vasto lateral foram obtidas antes e ap?s uma sess?o de exerc?cio f?sico aer?bico realizado a 60% do VO2pico,em cicloerg?metro, com dura??o de 60 minutos. Para avaliar a frequ?ncia das diferentes popula??es de mon?citos e linf?citos T circulantes utilizou-se a citometria de fluxo. As an?lises da express?o da HSP70, ativa??o da JNK e fosforila??o do IRS-1 ser612 no m?sculo esquel?tico foram feitas pelo procedimento de western blot. Nossos resultados demonstraram que obesos resistentes a insulina apresentam uma maior frequ?ncia de mon?citos intermedi?rios e maior fosforila??o do IRS-1 ser612 comparado aos eutr?ficos, maior ativa??o da JNK e menor express?o da HSP70 em rela??o aos demais grupos. Ap?s 1 hora do t?rmino da sess?o de exerc?cio aer?bico houve redu??o da frequ?ncia dos mon?citos intermedi?rios (CD14++CD16+) e dos linf?citos auxiliares (TCD4+) circulantes. Adicionalmente, a sess?o de exerc?cio induziu no m?sculo esquel?tico maior express?o da HSP70, redu??o da fosforila??o do IRS-1 ser612 nos grupos de indiv?duos obesos e menor atividade da JNK nos obesos resistentes a insulina. Conclui-se que uma sess?o de exerc?cio aer?bico promove altera??es que caracterizam redu??o da inflama??o e/ou estresse celular, que podem contribuir para a modula??o da sensibilidade a insulina promovida pelo exerc?cio f?sico.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012.
ABSTRACT The great amount of free fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines present in obese individuals may trigger insulin resistance, through the inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), via activation of kinases related to stress, such as kinase C-Jun N-terminal (JNK). In obese individuals, insulin resistance correlates with alterations of the immune system and lower expression of the heat shock protein of 72kDa (Hsp72) and increased activation of JNK in skeletal muscle. Considering that aerobic exercise improve insulin sensitivity and has an anti-inflammatory effect, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a bout of aerobic exercise in the expression of HSP70, activation of JNK and phosphorylation of IRS-1 in serine residue 612 (IRS-1 ser612) in skeletal muscle of obese patients. Furthermore, we assessed the frequency of helper T lymphocytes (CD4 +) and cytolytic (CD8 +) and subpopulations of classical (CD14 + + CD16-), intermediate (CD14 + + CD16 +) and non-classical (CD14 + CD16 + +) monocytes. Study participants (n = 27) were divided into three experimental groups (eutrophic sensitive to insulin, insulin-sensitive obese, insulin-resistant obese) according to the classification of nutritional status, according to the body mass index, and the presence or absence of insulin resistance, defined by the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA1-IR). Venous blood and vastus lateralis samples were obtained before and after a bout of aerobic exercise performed at 60% of VO2peak on a cycle ergometer, lasting 60 minutes. To assess the frequency of the different populations of monocytes and T lymphocytes circulating we used flow cytometry. Analyses of of HSP70 expression, JNK activation and IRS-1 phosphorylation of ser612 in skeletal muscle were performed by western blot. Our results showed that obese insulin resistant subjects have an increased frequency of intermediate monocytes and higher phosphorylation of IRS-1 ser612 compared to normal weight individuals, and greater activation of JNK and lower expression of HSP70 than the other two groups. 1 hour after the exercise bout, we observed reductions on the frequency of intermediate circulating monocytes (CD14 + + CD16 +) and helper cells (CD4 +). Additionally, the exercise bout induced in the skeletal muscle higher expression of HSP70, decreased phosphorylation of IRS-1 ser612 in the obese groups and lower activity of JNK in the obese insulin resistant individuals. It is concluded that a bout of aerobic exercise promotes changes that characterize reduction of inflammation and / or cellular stress, which may contribute to the modulation of insulin sensitivity promoted by exercise.
Frison, Ver?nica Baptista. "Efeito de exerc?cios com suspens?o e pendula??o corporal sobre o torque, eletromiografia, espessura muscular e funcionalidade de indiv?duos com les?o medular tor?cica." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2016. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7388.
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Background: Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a severe, incapacitating, neurological syndrome that leads to changes in sensitivity, motor function, and the autonomic system of body segments located below the level of injury. Although it is one of the most devastating injuries and poses multiple challenges for the patients, family, and clinicians involved, physical therapy can lead to neurological improvements in patients with TSCI. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of corporal suspension and pendulum exercises (CHORDATA? method) on torque, muscle activation, muscle thickness, and functionality in patients with TSCI. Methods: This study was a randomized, controlled clinical trial including 26 male TSCI patients (in whom injury occurred up to 3 years earlier at the thoracic level; age, 18?65 years). The subjects were categorized into two groups: an intervention group (IG; n = 14) and a control group (CG; n = 12). Before and after a rehabilitation program, which comprised 16 sessions of suspension and pendulum exercises (twice/week, 50 minutes/session), we evaluated the following parameters in each subject: maximal voluntary isometric trunk flexion and extension torques; electromyographic activity of the external oblique, rectus abdominis, and longissimus muscles; muscle thickness of the external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, and multifidus muscles; and functionality (adapted reach test). Mean ? standard deviation values were used to summarise continuous data, which were then compared at the baseline using t-tests. Categorical variables were expressed as counts and percentages. Between-group baseline differences were assessed using chi-square or Fisher?s exact tests, as required. Analysis of covariance, with adjustments for baseline measurements, was conducted to evaluate between-group differences after the 16 exercise sessions. The results were presented as mean ? standard deviation with the estimated adjusted difference between groups, followed by 95% confidence intervals. The study significance level was set at ? = 0?05. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, USA).This trial is registered with Clinical Trials.gov, #NCT02316067. Findings: The CG and IG patients had similar ages (p = 0?93), injury time (p = 0?41), injury level (p = 0?27), injury mechanism (p = 0?22), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale (p = 0?11), injury type (p = 0?22), and functional reach (p = 0?11). Post-intervention, the IG trunk flexion (58%, p = 0?004) and extension (76%, p = 0?005) torques were higher in the IG than in the CG. Similar between-group differences were observed post-intervention for RA-L absolute RMS values (p = 0?028), RA-R RMS values normalized to the resting state (p = 0?047), and functional reach (p = 0?015). Muscle thickness for all muscles was higher in the IG patients as compared to the CG patients post-intervention (p < 0?002), except for the MULT-R muscle (p = 0?057). Interpretation: Sixteen sessions of suspension and pendulum exercises improved rectus abdominis muscle activation, trunk muscle structure and strength, and reaching capacity in TSCI patients. Thus, this novel, effective rehabilitation method may improve functionality in TSCI patients.
Introdu??o: A les?o medular (LM), especialmente quando instalada de maneira s?bita, ? uma das les?es mais devastadoras, do ponto de vista f?sico e psicol?gico, confrontando paciente, fam?lia e equipe de profissionais com m?ltiplos desafios. N?o obstante, sabe-se que a LM tem potencial de recupera??o, havendo relatos de diversos estudos que demonstram a melhoria do estado neurol?gico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos exerc?cios com suspens?o e pendula??o corporal (M?todo Chordata?) sobre o torque, a ativa??o muscular, a espessura muscular e a funcionalidade de indiv?duos com les?o medular tor?cica. M?todo: Ensaio cl?nico randomizado e controlado onde foram estudados 26 indiv?duos do sexo masculino com les?o medular tor?cica e idades entre 18 e 65 anos, divididos em grupo interven??o (GI; n=14) e grupo controle (GC; n=12) com no m?ximo tr?s anos de les?o at? a sua inclus?o no estudo. Foram estudados o torque flexor e extensor do tronco durante contra??es volunt?rias m?ximas, a atividade eletromiogr?fica do reto abdominal, obl?quo externo e longu?ssimo do dorso bilateral e a espessura muscular dos m?sculos reto abdominal, obl?quo externo e interno, transverso do abdomen e multifidos bilateral e a funcionalidade por meio do teste do Alcance Funcional adaptado. Os indiv?duos foram avaliados nos per?odos pr? e p?s a um programa composto por 16 sess?es de exerc?cios com M?todo Chordata? com frequ?ncia de duas vezes por semana durante 50 minutos. A m?dia ? desvio padr?o foram usados para avaliar os dados cont?nuos, os quais foram comparados aos dados basais utilizando o teste t de Student. Vari?veis categ?ricas foram expressas por porcentagens e diferen?as entre os grupos no baseline foram avaliadas usando o Qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. An?lise de covari?ncia com ajustes das medidas no baseline foram utilizadas para avaliar as diferen?as entre os grupos. Os resultados foram apresentados pela m?dia ? desvio com as diferen?as estimadas ajustadas entre os grupos, seguindo intervalo de confian?a de 95%. Os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quanto P<0,05. O programa SPSS 22.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, USA) foi utilizado para a an?lise dos dados. Este estudo foi registrado no Clinical Trials.gov, #NCT02316067. Resultados: No per?odo pr?-interven??o n?o houve diferen?as significativas entre os grupos em rela??o ?s idades (p = 0?93), tempo de les?o (p = 0?41), n?vel da les?o (p = 0?27), mecanismo da les?o (p = 0?22), escala ASIA (p = 0?11), tipo de les?o (p = 0?22), e Alcance Funcional adaptado (p = 0?11). No per?odo p?sinterven??o, o GI apresentou melhora do torque flexor (58%, p = 0?004) e extensor (76%, p = 0?005) em rela??o ao GC. Diferen?as similares entre os grupos foram observadas no per?odo p?s-interven??o para o reto abdominal esquerdo em seu valor absoluto RMS (p = 0?028), e reto abdominal direito em seu valor RMS normalizado pelo repouso (p = 0?047), e no teste do Alcance Funcional (p = 0?015). A espessura muscular foi maior no GI no periodo p?s-interven??o para todos os grupos estudados quando comparados ao GC (p < 0?002), com exce??o dos mult?fidos direito (p = 0?057). Conclus?o: Dezesseis sess?es de exerc?cios com M?todo Chordata? mostraram melhora na ativa??o do m?sculo reto do abdomen, na estrutura muscular, na for?a e na capacidade de deslocar o tronco ? frente de indiv?duos com les?o medular tor?cica. Esses resultados apontam para evid?ncias em uma nova e efetiva reabilita??o por meio de um M?todo que melhora a funcionalidade desses indiv?duos.
Sales, Marcelo Pereira Magalh??es de. "Efeitos agudos e cr??nicos do exerc??cio f??sico sobre as respostas de subst??ncias vasoativas e press??o arterial em indiv??duos com e sem diabetes tipo 2." Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, 2016. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2076.
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Diabetes is associated with endothelial dysfunction and several cardiovascular disorders, such as systemic arterial hypertension. Moreover, hypertension and diabetes coexist very frequently, as 60-65% of diabetics are hypertensive. The coexistence of hypertension and diabetes can reduce endothelium-mediated vasodilatation, which can be partially explained by a reduced production of nitric oxide (NO) or a decreased response to NO in the vascular smooth muscle. On the other hand, it has been shown that a single session of exercise can promote significant reductions in blood pressure (BP). This occurrence is known as post-exercise hypotension (PEH) and appears to be associated with the activity of the kallikrein-kinin system and release of NO. Although studies have observed PEH in individuais with T2D the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. ln addition, the prescription of exercise intensities based on lactate threshold (L T) has been suggested for individuais with T2D.Moreover, in spite of previous studies showing that individuais with T2D exhibit PEH when exercising at intensities around LT , There is evidence that subjects with T2D exhibit lower plasma kallikrein activity (PKA) compared to healthy individuais, suggesting that lower NO release and reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation would be occurring in response to exercise for this population. However, no investigations were made on the integrated responses of PKA, BK, dessArg9-BK and NO and its association to the occurrence of PEH in individuais with or without T2D.Furthermore, to the best of our Knowledge, there is only one study that has investigated the effects of exercise (aerobic and / or resistance) on the 24-hour BP response in individuais with T2D. Not to mention that it is not of our knowledge, studies that have investigated the effects of different aerobic exercise intesities on BP 24 hours in subjects with T2D.Additionally, Several studies have investigated the effects of different exercise modes ( e.g., aerobic vs. resistance ), intensities, and durations on BP responses during the post-exercise recovery period. Studies regarding the effects of different sports modalities, especially martial arts, have also been performed, such as: Tai Chi Chuan, Jiu Jitsu, and Judo. However, until now, no study has explored the BP responses after a single Contact Karate (CK) session. It is worth mentioning that the scientific literature related to combat sports has hardly been explored, especially regarding health-related variables (i.e., post-exercise BP reduction). Most studies have investigated performance-related parameters in athletes, making the evaluation of health-related variables (such as PEH) a scientific gap. Therefore, investigations related to this issue have been strongly encouraged. It should be noted that given the known complications of type 2 diabetes and characteristics of sport (high physical contact of high impact), it is wise to initially investigate the effects of a contact karate session on the blood pressure response after exercise in apparently healthy subjects and then, if possible, in special populations as diabetes and hypertension. With regard to chronic exercise, in particular the resistance exercise, the available literature concerning their effects on the response of NO and, in tum, on BP in individuais with T2D, it is still incipient. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only two randomized clinical trials ofRT's effects on NO concentration and BP levels in T2D patients, only one of which, verified the NO response (along with BP) due to R T. Therefore, there is an apparent lack of evidence on R T' s effects on the responses of NO and BP in T2D patients. Objectives: Study 1) to investigate and compare the responses of PKA, BK, desArg9-BK, NO and BP after a single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in T2D and non-diabetic (ND) individuais; study 2) To verify the effects of different intensities of aerobic exercise on 24-hour ambulatory BP responses in individuais with T2D and prehypertension; study 3) to verify the effects of a Contact Karate (CK) session on BP responses during a post-exercise recovery period in young adults; study 4) to determine the effects of eight weeks RT on the responses of NO and BP in T2D patients and their controls peers. Methods: study l)Ten subjects with T2D and 10 Non-diabetics (ND) underwent three sessions: 1) maximal incremental test on cycle ergometer to determine lactate threshold (L T); 2) 20- min of constant-load exercise on cycle ergometer, at 90% LT and; 3) control session. BP and oxygen uptake were measured at rest and at 15, 30 and 45 min post-exercise. Venous blood samples were collected at 15 and 45 minutes of the recovery period for further analysis of PKA, BK and desArg9-BK. NO was analyzed at 15 minutes post exercise. Study 2) ten individuals with T2D and prehypertension completed three sessions applied in random order: non-exercise control (CON) and exercise at moderate (MOD) and maximal (MAX) intensities. Heart rate (HR), BP, blood lactate concentrations ([Lac ]), oxygen uptake (VO2), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest, during the experimental sessions, and during the 60 min recovery period. After this period, ambulatory blood pressure was monitored for 24 h. Study 2) ten individuals with T2D and prehypertension completed three sessions applied in random order: non-exercise control (CON) and exercise at moderate (MOD) and maximal (MAX) intensities. Heart rate (HR), BP, blood lactate concentrations ([Lac ]), oxygen uptake (VO2), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest, during the experimental sessions, and during the 60 min recovery period. After this period, ambulatory blood pressure was monitored for 24 h. Study 3) Thirty-two male CK athletes volunteered and underwent one CK session (50 min) anda control session. BP was measured during rest (before sessions), as well as on the 15th, 30th, 45th, and 60th min of the post-exercise recovery. Study 4) We performed eight-weeks of randomized controlled trial in T2D patients and ND individuals. After initial screening, were randomly allocated into four groups: (1) trained T2D (T2DTRAINED; n = 9), (2) trained ND (NDTRAINED; n = 10), (3) control T2D (T2DCON; n = 8) and (4) control ND (NDCON; n = 7). NO and BP were determined before and after the intervention. Results: study 1) The ND group presented PEH of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) on the 90% L T session but T2D group did not. Plasma NO increased ~24.4% for ND and ~13.8% for T2D group 15min after the exercise session. Additionally, only ND individuais showed increases in PKA and BK in response to exercise and only T2D group showed increased desArg9-BK production. Study 2) Compared with CON, only MAX elicited post-exercise BP reduction that lasted for 8 h after exercise and during sleep. Study 3) The SBP, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP were significantly lower at the post-exercise period compared to pre-exercise rest (p<.05), with the largest reductions being observed at the 60th min of recovery and at the sarne periods of post-exercise recovery of the control session. Study 4) After eight weeks of RT (three times per week), the T2D and ND experimental groups decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 7.0 and 3.4 mmHg, respectively. However, the control groups showed maintenance (0.24 mmHg for T2D) or elevation (2.2 mmHg for ND) of systolic blood pressure. Although none of these changes were significant (p > .05). As regards the absolute values of BP, T2D subjects who did not undergo the training (T2DCON) tended (p = .057) to have increase SBP and significantly (p = .05) increased MAP. Conclusions: studyl) it was concluded that T2D individuals presented lower PKA, BK and NOx release as well as higher desArg9-BK production and reduced PEH in relation to ND participants after a single exercise session. Study 2) A single session of aerobic exercise resulted in 24 h BP reductions in individuals with T2D, especially while sleeping, and this reduction seems to be dependent on the intensity of the exercise performed. Study 3) a single CK session can promote a decrease in BP for at least 60 min after performing this type of exercise in young adults. Study 4) eight weeks of RT does not increase NO concentrations and, in tum, does not reduce BP in T2D patients-though it prevented its increase.
Introdu????o: o diabetes est?? associado com disfun????o endotelial, bem como com diversas desordens cardiovasculares, como hipertens??o arterial sist??mica (HAS). A HAS e o diabetes coexistem muito frequentemente. Aproximadamente, 60-65% dos diab??ticos s??o hipertensos. A coexist??ncia do diabetes e HAS pode reduzir a vasodilata????o endot??lio-dependente, que pode ser parcialmente explicada por uma reduzida produ????o ou resposta ao ??xido n??trico (ON) na nusculatura vascular lisa. Por outro lado, estudos t??m demonstrado que uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio pode promover redu????es significativas na press??o arterial (PA). Esta ocorr??ncia ?? conhecida como hipotens??o p??s-exerc??cio (HPE) e parece estar associada com a atividade do sistema calicre??na-cinina e libera????o do ON. Embora estudos tenham observado HPE em indiv??duos com diabetes tipo 2 (DT2), os mecanismos moleculares relacionados ?? sua ocorr??ncia n??o foram completamente elucidados. Adicionalmente, a prescri????o de intensidades de exerc??cio baseada em cargas relativas ao limiar de lactato (LL) t??m sido sugerida para indiv??duos com DT2. No entanto, apesar de estudos anteriores demonstrarem que os indiv??duos com DT2 apresentam HPE quando submetidos a exerc??cios em intensidades em torno LL . Existe evid??ncia que indiv??duos com DT2 apresentam menor atividade da calicre??na plasm??tica (ACP) em compara????o aos indiv??duos n??o diab??ticos, sugerindo uma menor libera????o de ON e redu????o da vasodilata????o endot??lio-dependente em resposta ao exerc??cio para essa popula????o. Contudo, para o nosso melhor conhecimento, ainda n??o foram realizadas investiga????es sobre as respostas integradas de ACP, bradicinina (BK), des-Arg9-bradicinina, ON e sua associa????o com a ocorr??ncia de HPE em indiv??duos com ou sem DT2. Ademais, salvo melhor ju??zo, existe apenas um estudo que tenha investigado os efeitos do exerc??cio f??sico (aer??bio e/ou resistido) sobre a resposta da PA de 24 horas em indiv??duos com DT2. Sem mencionar que tamb??m n??o ?? do nosso conhecimento, estudos que tenham investigado os efeitos de diferentes intensidades de exerc??cio aer??bio sobre a PA de 24 horas em indiv??duos com DT2. Somando a isso, diversos estudos t??m investigado os efeitos de diferentes modos de exerc??cio (aer??bio vs. resistido), intensidades, e dura????es, sobre as respostas da P A p??s-exerc??cio. Estudos sobre os efeitos de diferentes modalidades esportivas, especialmente artes marciais, tamb??m foram realizados, tais como: Tai Chi Chuan, Jiu Jitsu e Jud??. Contudo, at?? o presente momento, nenhum estudo investigou a resposta da P A ap??s uma ??nica sess??o de Carat?? de contato (CC). Vale ressaltar que a literatura cient??fica relacionada a esportes de combate t??m sido pouco explorada, especialmente em rela????o ??s vari??veis relacionadas com a sa??de ( ou seja, a redu????o da PA p??s-exerc??cio). A maioria dos estudos investigaram os par??metros relacionados com o desempenho em atletas, tornando a avalia????o de vari??veis relacionadas com a sa??de, uma evidente lacuna cient??fica. Portanto, investiga????es relacionadas a este assunto t??m sido fortemente encorajada. Cabe salientar que, dado as conhecidas complica????es do DT2 e as caracter??sticas da modalidade em quest??o ( elevado contato f??sico de alto impacto), torna-se prudente inicialmente investigar os efeitos de uma sess??o de CC sobre a resposta da P A p??s-exerc??cio em indiv??duos aparentemente saud??veis e posteriormente, se poss??vel, em popula????es especiais como diab??ticos e hipertensos. No que se refere ao exerc??cio cr??nico, em particular sobre o exerc??cio de for??a, a literatura dispon??vel a respeito dos seus efeitos sobre a resposta do ON e, por sua vez, sobre a PA em indiv??duos com DT2, ainda ?? muito incipiente. Para o melhor do nosso conhecimento, existem apenas dois ensaios cl??nicos randomizados sobre os efeitos do treinamento resistido (TR) sobre a resposta do ON e P A em pacientes com DT2, dos quais apenas um, verificou a resposta do ON juntamente com a P A frente ao TR. Portanto, h?? uma aparente falta de evid??ncias a respeito dos efeitos do TR sobre as respostas do NO e PA em pacientes com DT2. Objetivos: estudo 1) investigar e comparas as respostas de ACP, BK, desArg9-bradicinina, ON e PA ap??s uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio aer??bio realizada em intensidade moderada (90% da carga de LL) em indiv??duos com e sem DT2; estudo 2) verificar e comparar os efeitos de uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio aer??bio sobre a resposta da PA de 24 horas e verificar os efeitos da intensidade do exerc??cio aer??bio sobre a resposta da PA 24 h em indiv??duos com DT2 e pr??-hipertensos; estudo 3) avaliar os efeitos de uma ??nica sess??o de CC sobre a resposta da PA p??s-exerc??cio em adultos jovens; estudo 4) investigar os efeitos de oito semanas de TR sobre as respostas de ON e P A em pacientes com DT2 e seus pares controles. M??todos: estudo 1) Dez indiv??duos com e DT2 e 10 n??o diab??ticos (ND) foram submetidos a tr??s sess??es: 1) teste incremental m??ximo em bicicleta ergom??trica para determinar o limiar de lactato (LL); 2) 20 min de exerc??cio de carga constante em cicloerg??metro, em 90% L T e; 3) sess??o controle. PA e consumo de oxig??nio foram mensurados em repouso e aos 15, 30 e 45 min p??s-exerc??cio. Amostras de sangue venoso foram coletadas em 15 e 45 minutos do per??odo de recupera????o para posterior an??lise de ACP, BK e desArg9- bradicinina. ON foi analisado aos 15 minutos ap??s o exerc??cio. Estudo 2) Dez indiv??duos com diabetes tipo 2 e pr??-hipertens??o foram submetidos a tr??s sess??es aplicadas em ordem rand??mica: 1) controle ( CON), sem exerc??cio e exerc??cio em intensidades moderadas (MOD) e m??xima (MAX). A frequ??ncia card??aca (FC), P A, as concentra????es de lactato sangu??neo ([Lac ]), consumo de oxig??nio (V02) e taxa de percep????o de esfor??o (TPE) foram coletados em repouso, durante as sess??es experimentais e durante o per??odo de recupera????o de 60 min. Ap??s esse per??odo, a P A de 24 h foi monitorada. Estudo 3) Trinta e dois atletas CC foram submetidos a uma sess??o de CC (50 min) e uma sess??o CON. A PA foi medida durante o repouso, bem como aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 min da recupera????o p??s-exerc??cio. Estudo 4) Foi realizada oito semanas de estudo randomizado controlado em pacientes DT2 e ND). Ap??s a triagem inicial, foram distribu??dos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: (1) treinados com DT2 (TREINADODT2; n = 9), (2) treinados ND (TREINADOND; = n 1 O), ( 3) controle DT2 (CON DT2; n = 8) e (4) controle ND (CONND; n = 7). NO e BP foram determinadas antes e ap??s a interven????o. Resultados: estudo 1) somente o grupo n??o diab??tico (ND) apresentou HPE para press??o arterial sist??lica e press??o arterial m??dia na sess??o LT 90%. O ON plasm??tico aumentou ~ 24,4% no grupo ND e ~ 13,8% para o DT2 15 min ap??s a sess??o de exerc??cios. Al??m disso, apenas os indiv??duos ND mostraram aumentos de ACP e BK em resposta ao exerc??cio e somente os DT2 mostraram um aumento da produ????o desArg9-bradicinina. estudo 2) Ademais, comparado com a sess??o CON, somente a sess??o de exerc??cio MAX apresentou HPE, que durou at?? 8 h ap??s o exerc??cio e durante o sono. estudo 3) Em rela????o ao CC, a press??o arterial sist??lica (PAS), diast??lica (PAD) e press??o arterial m??dia (MAP) foi significativamente menor no per??odo p??s-exerc??cio em rela????o ao pr??-exerc??cio repouso, bem como em rela????o a sess??o CON, com as maiores redu????es sendo observadas aos 60 min de recupera????o. estudo 4) Ap??s oito semanas de RT, ambos os grupos experimentais (DT2 e ND), apresentaram diminui????o da PAS em 7,0 e 3,4 mmHg, respectivamente. No entanto, os grupos controle (DT2 e ND) demonstrou manuten????o (0,24 mmHg para DT2) ou eleva????o (2,2 mmHg para ND) da PAS. Embora nenhuma das mudan??as foram significativas (p> 0,05). Conclus??es: estudol) concluiu-se que os indiv??duos comDT2 apresentaram menor libera????o ACP, bradicinina e ON, bem como maior produ????o desArg9-bradicinina e reduzida HPE em rela????o aos participantes do grupo ND ap??s uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio. Estudo 2) uma ??nica sess??o de exerc??cio aer??bio resultou em redu????o da PA de 24 h em indiv??duos com DT2, especialmente durante o sono, e esta redu????o parece ser dependente da intensidade do exerc??cio realizado. Estudo 3) uma ??nica sess??o CC pode promover uma diminui????o da PA durante pelo menos 60 minutos depois de realizar este tipo de exerc??cio em adultos jovens. Estudo 4) oito semanas de TR n??o aumenta as concentra????es de ON e, por sua vez, n??o reduz a P A em indiv??duos com DT2, por??m parece impedir o seu aumento.
Trigueiro, Larissa Coutinho de Lucena. "Desempenho f?sico-funcional, cognitivo emocional e fatores de risco relacionados ? ocorr?ncia de quedas em indiv?duos com doen?a de Parkinson residentes em Natal-RN: um estudo transversal." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM FISIOTERAPIA, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23661.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Artigo 1 - Analisar a descri??o epidemiol?gica de indiv?duos com doen?a de Parkinson (DP), de acordo com medidas agrupadas conforme a estrutura conceitual da Classifica??o Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Sa?de (CIF); Artigo 2 ? Avaliar a preval?ncia de quedas e os fatores associados em indiv?duos com DP caidores recorrentes e n?o caidores. M?todo: Estudo do tipo anal?tico e transversal com amostra de 78 indiv?duos com DP residentes em Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. Foram coletadas informa??es de natureza sociodemogr?ficas e relacionadas ao desempenho f?sico funcional, sa?de mental e qualidade de vida por meio de 14 instrumentos categorizados entre os dom?nios ?Estrutura e fun??o corporal?, ?Atividade? e ?Participa??o?. No dom?nio ?Estrutura e fun??o corporal? foram utilizados a Escala de Incapacidade de Hoehn & Yahr (HY), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale - UPDRS (dom?nio III, exame motor), For?a de preens?o manual, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS - 15) e Falls Efficay Scale ? International (FES - I). No dom?nio ?Atividade?, Nine Hole Peg Test (9HPT), UPDRS (dom?nio II, atividades de vida di?ria), Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ), MiniBESTest, Timed Up & Go (TUG), Perfil de Atividade Humana (PAH), Velocidade da marcha de 10 metros (10MWT) e Five Times Sit to Stand (STDP - 5X). E no dom?nio ?Participa??o?, o Parkinson Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ ? 39). Todos os participantes foram avaliados no tempo ON da medica??o antiparkinsoniana. A an?lise estat?stica foi realizada no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA), vers?o 21.0. A normalidade dos dados foi verificada pelo teste Shapiro Wilks, tendo sido adotado p < 0.05. Artigo 1 ? Testes T de Student para amostras independentes e U de Mann-Whitney foram utilizados para a compara??o das vari?veis relacionadas ao desempenho f?sico funcional, sa?de mental e qualidade de vida, entre os sexos. Artigo 2 ? Regress?o log?stica bin?ria foi utilizada para determinar os preditores de quedas, onde as vari?veis com p < 0.10 foram inclu?das no modelo final multivari?vel. Resultados: Artigo 1 - Mais da metade da amostra (64.1%) foi composta por homens, com maior preval?ncia na faixa et?ria entre 70 e 79 anos (35.9%). Quanto ao n?mero de comorbidades, 52 (66.7%) afirmaram possuir ? 4 e dentre estas a mais citada foi disfun??o visual (87.2%). Diferen?as significativas entre homens e mulheres foram observadas para: preens?o manual (p= 0.001), MiniBESTest (p=0.034), FES ? I (p=0.004) e PDQ ? 39 (p=0.006), onde as mulheres apresentaram pior desempenho. Quadro de dem?ncia estava presente em 64.1% da amostra total. Artigo 2 ? Quanto ao hist?rico de quedas, 47 (60.3%) da amostra foi classificada como ?n?o caidor? e 31 (39.7%) como ?caidor recorrente?. Os fatores de risco associados ?s quedas recorrentes foram: tempo longo de dura??o da DP [OR=1.24, (95% IC=1.05?1.47), p=0.010], presen?a de hipertens?o arterial sist?mica [OR=5.81, (95% IC=1.46?23.09), p=0.012), dificuldade de evacua??o [OR=3.71, (95% IC=1.01?13.66), p=0.048] e presen?a de freezing [OR=3.78, (95% IC=1.02?13.97), p=0.046]. Conclus?o: A amostra revelou-se, predominantemente, masculina, muito idosa, fisicamente debilitada ou inativa, com quadro de dem?ncia e classificada, em sua maioria, como ?n?o caidor?. Tempo de dura??o da DP, presen?a de hipertens?o arterial sist?mica, dificuldade de evacua??o e freezing s?o fatores de risco para quedas recorrentes na amostra estudada. O conhecimento acerca das caracter?sticas sociodemogr?ficas e cl?nicas da popula??o com DP pode permitir ao fisioterapeuta e a equipe de sa?de uma melhor compreens?o do progn?stico da doen?a e partir disso, planejar condutas terap?uticas mais adequadas as reais demandas apresentadas por essa popula??o.
Article 1 ? Analyze the epidemiological description of individuals with Parkinson?s disease (PD), according to clustered measures, in line with the conceptual structure of the International Classification of Functionality, Disability and Health (ICF); Article 2 ? Assess the prevalence of falls and associated factors in recurrent fallers and non-fallers with PD. Method: Analytical cross-sectional study with a sample of 78 individuals with PD, residing in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Sociodemographic information and that related to physical functioning, mental health and quality of life was collected using 14 instruments categorized in the domains ?Structure and Body function?, ?Activity? and ?Participation?. For the ?Structure and Body function? domain the following instruments were used: Hoehn & Yahr (HY) Disability Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale - UPDRS (part III, motor subscale), Grip strength, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS - 15) and Falls Efficacy Scale ? International (FES - I). The following were applied for the ?Activity? domain: Nine Hole Peg Test (9HPT), UPDRS (part II, activities of daily life), Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ), MiniBESTest, Timed Up & Go (TUG), Human Activity Profile (HAP), 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT) and Five Times Sit to Stand (STDP - 5X). In the ?Participation? domain, the Parkinson Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ ? 39) test was used. All participants were assessed during the ?ON? time of antiparkinsonian medication. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) 21.0 software. Data normality was verified by the Shapiro-Wilks test, adopting p < 0.05. Article 1 ? The variables related to physical functioning, mental health and quality of life were compared between sexes using the Student?s t-test for independent samples and the Mann-Whitney U test. Article 2 ? Binary logistic regression was applied to determine the predictors of falls, where variables with p < 0.10 were included in the final multivariate model. Results: Article 1 ? More than half the sample (64.1%) was composed of men, with higher prevalence in the 70-79 year age group (35.9%). With respect to the number of comorbidities, 52 (66.7%) had 4 or more and the most reported were visual dysfunction (87.2%). Significant differences were observed between men and women for grip strength (p= 0.001), MiniBESTest (p=0.034), FES ? I (p=0.004) and PDQ ? 39 (p=0.006), where women exhibited worse performance. Dementia (64.1%) was present in the entire sample. Article 2 ? In regard to history of falls, 47 (60.3%) individuals in the sample were classified as ?non-fallers? and 31 (39.7%) as ?recurring fallers?. The following risk factors were associated with recurring falls: prolonged PD [OR=1.24, (95% CI=1.05?1.47), p=0.010], presence of systemic hypertension [OR=5.81, (95% CI=1.46?23.09), p=0.012), evacuation difficulties [OR=3.71, (95% CI=1.01?13.66), p=0.048] and presence of freezing [OR=3.78, (95% CI=1.02?13.97), p=0.046]. Conclusion: The sample was predominantly male, elderly, physically disabled or inactive, with the presence of dementia, depressive symptoms and a majority classified as ?non-fallers?. PD duration, systemic hypertension, evacuation difficulties, and freezing are risk factors for recurring falls in the study sample. Knowledge of the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in the population with PD would provide physiotherapists and the health team with better understanding of its prognosis, thereby contributing to planning therapies that meet the real demands of this population.
Silva, Hudday Mendes da. "Efeito agudo do exerc?cio f?sico associado a praxias ideomotoras sobre as concentra??es s?ricas de cortisol e mem?ria declarativa em indiv?duos com idade entre 51 e 74 anos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20071.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Introdu??o: Diversas modifica??es s?o apontadas quanto ao envelhecimento, causando maior ou menor limita??o imposta pelo decorrer dos anos. Dentre essas, pode-se destacar os diferentes graus de decl?nio cognitivo, particularmente da mem?ria, podendo comprometer as atividades di?rias e na funcionalidade do sujeito. Estudos demonstram associa??o entre os n?veis de concentra??o s?rica de cortisol e o estresse imposto pelo exerc?cio sobre este. Por?m, encontram-se escassos trabalhos que referencie o desempenho em aspectos cognitivos de mem?ria declarativa e cortisol sobre o exerc?cio f?sico na ?gua com movimentos autom?ticos e pr?xicos e de intensidade moderada. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito do exerc?cio f?sico agudo baseado em movimentos autom?ticos e pr?xicos sobre o desempenho de mem?ria visual declarativa e nas concentra??es s?ricas de cortisol em sujeitos com idade compreendida entre 51 e 74 anos. Materiais e m?todos: Constr?i-se uma pesquisa caracterizada como transversal, com uma amostra inicialmente de 32 sujeitos fisicamente ativos com faixa et?ria compreendidas entre 51 e 74 anos, divididas em dois grupos de exerc?cio (Grupo de Marcha Autom?tica ? GMA e o Grupo de Marcha Pr?xica ? GMP). Utilizouse de uma amostragem probabil?stica e aleat?ria para sele??o da amostra. Utilizou o MEEM (Mini Exame do Estado Mental) para verificar o estado cognitivo geral, o teste de acuidade visual ? cartela opt?tipos ?E? de Rasquin e ainda foi utilizado o teste de mem?ria visual declarativa proposto por Nitrini e colaboradores (1994), aplicando-se antes da estimula??o motora e imediatamente ap?s, assim como a realiza??o da coleta sangu?nea com 2 ml para an?lise do horm?nio de cortisol. A normalidade e homogeneidade foram verificadas a partir dos testes de ShapiroWilk e Levene. Com isso adotou-se uma estat?stica descritiva para caracteriza??o da amostra. A Split-Plot ANOVA, foi utilizada junto com o teste t pareado para verificar as diferen?as apontadas. Adotou-se um n?vel de signific?ncia de p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se que os grupos (GMA e GMP) quanto as vari?veis antropom?tricas, percep??o subjetiva de esfor?o, escolaridade, avalia??o cognitiva e acuidade visual n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas (p>0,05), mostrando que os grupos encontram-se com vari?veis homogenias e com m?dias viii semelhantes. Ap?s a sess?o de estimula??o, de dura??o de 30 min, observou-se que o ? para quantidade de acertos das imagens do question?rio de mem?ria visual declarativa aumentou, apresentando-se significativo para ambos os grupos (GMA, p<0,001; GMP, p=0,042). O mesmo foi observado para a concentra??o de cortisol havendo uma redu??o dos n?veis imediatamente ap?s o est?mulo (GMA e GMP, p<0,001). Conclus?o: Os resultados apontaram que os exerc?cios propostos em seu efeito agudo proporcionam ganhos de mem?rias de forma significativa, assim como apresentam uma redu??o dos n?veis de cortisol.
Introduction: Several modifications are identified as aging, causing more or less limitation imposed by over the years. Among these, one can highlight the different degrees of cognitive decline, particularly memory that can involve the daily activities and the subject functionality. Studies have shown an association between levels of serum cortisol and stress imposed by the exercise on this. However, there are few studies that references the performance on cognitive aspects of declarative memory and cortisol on the exercise in the water with automatic and pr?xicos movements and moderate. Objective: Check the effect based on the acute physical exercise and pr?xicos automatic movements on the performance of visual declarative memory and in serum cortisol in subjects aged between 51 and 74 years. Materials and Methods: It builds a survey characterized as cross with a first sample of 32 physically active subjects aged between 51 and 74 years, divided into two exercise groups (March of Automatic Group - MAG and the March of Praxis Group - MPG). We used a probabilistic and random sampling for sample selection. Used the MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) to check the general cognitive status, visual acuity test - optotypes chart "E" Rasquin and was even used the declarative visual memory test proposed by Nitrini and collaborators (1994), applying before motor stimulation and immediately after, and the day of blood collection with 2 ml for analysis of cortisol hormone. The normality and homogeneity were verified from the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests. Thus we adopted a descriptive statistics to characterize the sample. The Split-Plot ANOVA was used along with the paired t-test to verify the identified differences. We adopted a significance level of p <0.05. Results: It was observed that the groups (MAG and MPG) and the anthropometric variables, perceived exertion, education, cognitive assessment and visual acuity showed no significant differences (p > 0.05), showing that the groups are homogeneous, with variables and similar means. After the stimulation session, lasting 30 min, it was observed that the amount of hits for ? of declarative memory questionnaire visual images increased, presenting significant for both groups (MAG, p < 0.001; MPG, p = 0.042). The same was observed for cortisol concentration with a reduction in the levels immediately after the stimulus (MAG and MPG, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that the exercises proposed in its acute effect provide significantly memories of gains and also showed a reduction in cortisol levels.
Merrington, Louise Michelle. "Beyond the protracted contest : redefining the Sino-Indian relationship." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150830.
Повний текст джерелаTsai, Chen-Shiung, and 蔡振雄. "The New Great Game-The Rivalry between Sino-Russia and India in Central Asia." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61659109401663196892.
Повний текст джерела清雲科技大學
中亞研究所
98
Central Asia region consist five countries:Kazakhstan, Uzbekstan , Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. Total area is about 4.5 million square kilometers.The geology, history, transportation, exploration of natural resources and the intercourse between surrounding regions among this area was deeply affected by each country’s geological location ,which also highlighted its geological strategic characteristics. In 2008, global financial crisis struck the whole world, which caused a dramatic shift in the global geological political structures. The America supremacy was challenged by new developing countries such as Russia,China and India. Therefore, the central region squeezed between these powerful countries is also the area treasured with natural resources-Central Asia,where has become the hotly contested spot. This research starts from the viewpoint of”geological politics” to observe the rivalry between Sino-Russia and India within the central-Asia region. This research discovered that Russia implements its political intentions throughout developing double or multiple cooperative mechanisms with central-Asia countries,and the main keynote of cooperation was on military security and energy resources. On the other hand, due to its geological relationship, China eagerly enhances its strategic cooperation levels and expands its interests in energy and security throughout the formation of the Shanghai cooperation organization. Additionally, India uses its superiority in information and technology to open up economical and trade relationships with central-Asia countries. Furthermore, throughout stationing troops in central-Asia countries, India can accomplish its image of leading powers among the central-Asia region. In sum, the one and only objective among those three countries contending across the central-Asia region was to obtain central-Asia’s natural resources. This research will investigate the strategic values and its outcome role positions between the five central-Asia countries and Sino-Russia and India under the evolution of interactive relationship and implication between Sino-Russia and India and central-Asia countries. The main target of this research was to look into the changes And development after the five central-Asia countries claiming their independence, and probe into the possible prospects and limitations between the five central-Asia countries and Sino-Russia and India. Keyword: Central- Asia , New Great Game ,Sino-Russia and India , Financial Crisis. Geopolitics
Tsai, Chen-Shiung, and 蔡振雄. "The New Great Game-The Rivalry between Sino-Russia and India in Central Asia." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40983363711230150236.
Повний текст джерела清雲科技大學
中亞研究所
98
Central Asia region consist five countries:Kazakhstan, Uzbekstan , Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan. Total area is about 4.5 million square kilometers.The geology, history, transportation, exploration of natural resources and the intercourse between surrounding regions among this area was deeply affected by each country’s geological location ,which also highlighted its geological strategic characteristics. In 2008, global financial crisis struck the whole world, which caused a dramatic shift in the global geological political structures. The America supremacy was challenged by new developing countries such as Russia,China and India. Therefore, the central region squeezed between these powerful countries is also the area treasured with natural resources-Central Asia,where has become the hotly contested spot. This research starts from the viewpoint of”geological politics” to observe the rivalry between Sino-Russia and India within the central-Asia region. This research discovered that Russia implements its political intentions throughout developing double or multiple cooperative mechanisms with central-Asia countries,and the main keynote of cooperation was on military security and energy resources. On the other hand, due to its geological relationship, China eagerly enhances its strategic cooperation levels and expands its interests in energy and security throughout the formation of the Shanghai cooperation organization. Additionally, India uses its superiority in information and technology to open up economical and trade relationships with central-Asia countries. Furthermore, throughout stationing troops in central-Asia countries, India can accomplish its image of leading powers among the central-Asia region. In sum, the one and only objective among those three countries contending across the central-Asia region was to obtain central-Asia’s natural resources. This research will investigate the strategic values and its outcome role positions between the five central-Asia countries and Sino-Russia and India under the evolution of interactive relationship and implication between Sino-Russia and India and central-Asia countries. The main target of this research was to look into the changes And development after the five central-Asia countries claiming their independence, and probe into the possible prospects and limitations between the five central-Asia countries and Sino-Russia and India.
Kau, Tun Chang, and 高敦健. "A Study on Sino-India Relations in 21st Century-from the Analysis of Geopolitics." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62749996993642848126.
Повний текст джерела淡江大學
中國大陸研究所碩士在職專班
98
In the new century, international relations, the international community obviously the most important change is that China and India, due to economic reform and opening up quickly in Asia, the rise of great powers; the affects not only the past, the U.S. had been leading geopolitical stability in the Asia-Pacific political relations, but will also affect the new round of global international relations and the layout. China and India as the two share a common border and overlapping geopolitical power, but also the world''s two most populous and developing country with a long cultural history; but in modern history, their relations are always in tension, cold, non - of confidence. This study was to explore Sino-Indian Relations in the new century towards that? And to explore the geo-political interests of Cooperation and Competition, the question why? The new century, bilateral relations between the Asian and global geo-politics, large countries how to respond to, and how to obtain the best interests of its national and international influence? This article start with China and India, the new century, talked about the status of and relationships, followed by the two countries in which the geopolitical environment and in the new century, international situation changes, brought about its political, military, economic factors and three aspects of impact; Second, the energy between the two countries economic growth and national strength, China and India, reading strategies and possible future implications of the impact of mutual relations, analysis of the development of Sino-Indian relations on the face of conflict and challenges; Finally, we discuss the new century, Sino-Indian the possible development of relations and on Asian and global geo-political changes and impact. In this research, the "geo-political" as the new century, Sino-Indian relations is possible and study the impact of the international system considerations. "Geopolitics" to international politics a country''s geographical and political relationships with other countries having an impact on how, and to explore the relevant factors in deciding on important policies and interest-oriented and strategically with important and decisive. Geopolitical power politics of belonging to the scope of realism, so research will also benefit from "realism" and "new realism" and "power politics" and so on right to start, and the literature and historical analysis, analyzed the two countries the political, economic, military and other aspects of the past history and contact information in order to explore the possibility of Sino-Indian Relations in the 21st century and the effect for the future.
Yung, Yu-Cheng, and 楊祐誠. "The study of the Sino-India Relation under the One Belt One Road Initiative." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hfycw5.
Повний текст джерела淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班
106
In November 2012, Xi Jinping appointed the General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, and immediately proposed a "Chinese Dream" on the "Great Rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation". It is also the ruling idea of the fifth generation of the Central Leading Group of the Communist Party of China. . After being elected as the President of the People’s Republic of China and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People’s Republic of China at the First Session of the 12th National People’s Congress in March 2013, he gave a speech at the University of Kazakhstan’s Nazarbayev and in Jakarta in September and October of the same year. At the time of the talks with Indonesian President Susilo, the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" initiative were introduced, referred to as the Belt and Road. The “One Belt, One Road” initiative develops economic cooperation between China and Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, North Africa and Europe along the Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road on the basis of the principles of mutual cooperation, co-construction and sharing. In order to strengthen the infrastructure along the line, to improve the convenience of investment and trade, and to establish a high-quality free trade network, the economy of the countries along the line will be enhanced, and the political interactions of neighboring countries will be more stable and stable, and cultural exchanges will be more. However, the current world economy is affected by the international financial crisis, resulting in slow economic recovery and various economic construction and development. Although the international investment and trade pattern and multilateral investment and trade are still changing, it is still difficult to improve, and the problems faced are still grim. Xi Jinping sees that overcapacity in China has caused great problems in China''s overall domestic economy, and the exporting countries are also single and narrow. In contrast, the United States, Europe and Japan all occupy important positions in exports, so that China can increase the space more. In order to reduce the situation, it is difficult to break through the situation of domestic consumption. Through the “Belt and Road” to open up new export markets, and use accumulated foreign exchange reserves as the capital to stimulate global growth, and at the same time drive excess capacity through capital output. In addition, China''s main material resources are highly dependent on foreign countries. These resources mainly enter China through coastal sea routes, and the pipelines are relatively simple. However, cooperation with other important resource countries is not deep, and economic and trade cooperation is not effective. The promotion of resources has made the cooperation in resources unstable and consolidated. The “Belt and Road” has brought a large number of effective land resources, which is particularly important for the diversification of resource acquisition. The “One Belt, One Road” initiative is China’s first global strategic initiative. With the promulgation of the “Vision and Action for Promoting the Construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road” in March 2015, The construction of the road has been promoted to the implementation stage. Under the existing Sino-Indian relationship mechanism, China and India have made some progress, but problems such as insufficient strategic mutual trust, economic security concerns and border disputes still affect the further development of Sino-Indian relations. Based on the strategic concept of “One Belt, One Road”, this paper examines India''s policy assessment of the Belt and Road Initiative, and then analyzes the interaction between China and India under the Belt and Road Strategy, including the current conflicts and interactions between China and India, and China-India politics. The development of relations, the development of China-India economic exchanges, and the development of Sino-Indian military affairs, then analyzed the future opportunities and challenges of China-India relations and the prospects for Sino-Indian relations.
Chang, Tse-Tai, and 章之岱. "Across Himalaya Barrier with a civilization: Research for Sino-India Scholar Tan Yuan-Shan and Tan Chung their thread of thought." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61235983284729791655.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
政治學研究所
98
This article is mainly based on the image link of how overseas Chinese think about mainland China, discussing how“CHINDIA” theory took shape by Sino-India scholar, Tan Yun-Shan and inherited by his son Tan Chung. To observe from the history, although the Tans live in the different background of environment and period, their proposition is still closely link with Chinese history. Tan Yun-Shan, an education scholar of overseas Chinese in early Republic of China, had developed Chinese culture in south Asia, was consequent invited to India by Tagore, and had done a cooperation of establish “Cheena Bhavan”. During Sino-Japanese Wars, Tan Yun-Shan advocate that China and India should against Japan together, he works as a translator between China and India, delver the important messages from Sino-India government to China government. After the War Tan Yun-Shan also worked hard dedicating the affairs of Cheena Bhavan and keep on develop the relationship between Sino-India and China, due to his great achievement we now respect Tan as “Modern Xuanzang ”. Tan Chung inherit the ideal of creating friendly relations between Sino-India and China from Tagore and his father, trying to find out the lost relationship between the two ancient civilizations China and India. By teaching in university of India, he found that there’s possibly of China and India has the similar friendly civilization in his research of China history. Meanwhile, he also leads the spirits of critical western theory in India academic circle. After retired from India academia, Tan Chung his own Sino-India friendly relations academic theory was almost matured, Spread the theory of “CHINDIA”, face to “the rising of China and India,” Tan Chung promote a peace development contribute world. As we could see, the Tans’ proposition shows the importance of culture between China and India, they hope to practice the ideal of “CHINDIA”through the interactive of swooping culture and traditional habits .
Bae, Kyoungjin. "Joints of Utility, Crafts of Knowledge: the Material Culture of the Sino-British Furniture Trade during the Long Eighteenth Century." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GX4BR6.
Повний текст джерелаMorneau, Louis-Philippe. "Ambitions stratégiques indiennes et dérives perceptuelles : la rivalité sino-indienne contemporaine." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9960.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis seeks to understand the process of India strategic choice based on the perceived threat of China. According to a neoclassical realism framework, the study of the effect of sys-temic and domestic constraints shows a paradox in India strategic intentions. India is lock in a defensive posture by the systemic pressure of China rise in a post-Cold War era, although its desire to project his power lead by its perception, ideas, and strategic culture shows a progres-sive shift for an offensive posture. India perceives China threat in dissonance with the strategic aims of China. It is focusing on specific signals and indices in order to justify the perceived threat. This is why China’s ambi-guity toward its diplomatic discourse concerning Arunachal Pradesh and its presence in the Indian Ocean creates an increase Chinese threat and therefore a more aggressive response. India’s strategic response must cope with the changes in China’s relative power. Without the necessary relative capacity, India chooses a strategy between emulation defined by a pursuit of armaments logic in order to keep the technologic parity and engagement for the purpose of defusing the rivalry and avoiding a pre-emptive reaction from China. Traditionally defensive India’s strategic culture progressively transforms itself under the influence of the Hindu na-tion building that clash with the nehruvian nationalism. The aggressive Indian strategic pref-erences principally show themselves in the multidirectional clash of India and China spheres of influence in Asia.
Li, Kwai. "Deoli Camp: An Oral History of the Chinese Indians from 1962 to 1966." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29477.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Hui-Min, and 劉惠敏. "Post-Cold War Sino-Indian Relations: Competition and Cooperation." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18178938805675424452.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
大陸研究所
94
China and India relations changed tremendously after the Cold War. Economic development is the utmost priority at the end of the Cold War, deriving from recognition that international competition is shifting from military confrontation to overall economic, scientific, and technological capabilities. Therefore, the two countries appeared to recognize the futility of confrontation, and moves to rebuild confidence proceeded apace. With an emphasis on seeking co-operation in other areas of mutual benefit, both sides agreed to break the impasse on the boundary question and to maintain peace and stability along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). This positive spirit was reflected in the signing of Confidence-building measures (CBMs) and Trade Protocol which helped develop better mutual understanding. But India feels uneasy to observe China''s rising economic and military capability across East Asia, because the 1962 War had cast long shadows in their elite’s memory. New Delhi is concerned about China’s assistance to Pakistan’s nuclear and missile program, and offer military weapons to Sri Lanka, Nepal and Myanmar by far. New Delhi has always viewed any China, Pakistan and Myanmar’s relationship as a scheme to strangle or restraint India’s strategic throughout the Indian Ocean. Thus India drive for defense modernization focuses on strategic forces, especially its acquisition of certain high-profile naval ships and systems, and prepared to assert its interests to counter the rise in Chinese interest there. Moreover, India spreads China threat when China rising across East Asia that reinforced the worry of China’s neighbors about China’s power spread through their countries. It is obvious that one of the reasons why ASEAN was keen to bring India into the regional affairs was the concern with China. Therefore, India proceeds to more bilateral exchanges and boost economic, even military exercises with each Southeast Asian country. Furthermore, Indian continued hosting of the Tibetan government in exile to counter China support of the Pakistan. The study focuses on : India and China, the two most populous nations on earth, how these two emerging great powers manage their cooperation and competition in the coming years will have a major impact on regional security. The purpose of this research is from the perspective realism of geopolitics approach to analyze the factors of Sino-Indian competition and cooperation, as well as analysis the two countries historical conflict and evolution toward potential cooperation and quiet competition currently.
Hsu, Chia-ping, and 徐家平. "A Study of Sino-Indian Strategic Partnership: Ideal and Reality." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3kp6et.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
大陸研究所
95
China and India enjoy the most robust economic growth in the world. They are also two important players in the international arena that cannot be underestimated because of their population, nature resources, and regional influence. The fact that China and India are forging a strategic partnership will not only reshape Asia''s geopolitics, but also have a significant global impact. The current relationship between China and India is still very fragile due to different political systems, international visions, and geopolitical benefits between the two countries. Their bilateral relationship is mixed with Realism and Idealism. Since 1990s, India has adopted a new forward-looking foreign policy with East Asian countries; known as “Look East Policy”, and this policy help establishing the relationship between Taiwan and India and reaching a new stage. This policy has made some progress since then, and this India new foreign policy obviously has strategic politics in mind, on being security and strategic alliance, and intention to compete with China. To sum up, the two countries still see each other as an important rival. For example, on some international issues in Asia, India''s foreign policy has dual characters. On one hand, India wants to improve its relations with China; on the other hand, India takes precautions against and antagonizes China. Adding the influence factors from other countries with global influence such as the United States, Japan, Russia, etc., the India-China relationship is becoming more complicated. The Post-Cold War Era provides less comfort than questions for the future of Sino-Indian relationship. This is bound to be influenced by many imponderables in their respective domestic and external environments. Whether both countries can lay their disputes aside in the future, and construct an economic alliance, or they cannot get along well, there will have important consequences. Moreover, how to reassess the Indian government policy toward China? What are the potential impacts between the India-Taiwan relationships? How the Indian government solidifies its own national interests between China and Taiwan? These are the major subjects addressed in this dissertation. This doctoral dissertation is mainly divided into three parts: First, the India-China border problem has been there for a long time and the contradictions presented by different perspectives from both sides are discussed. The second part, through such historical-oriented topic such as the Tibet status and its democratic movement, and the latest outlook of India''s internal political development shows the different arguments and national interests to formulate internal and international policies, and derives into a new analogy and theorem as a starting point to analyze the current India political transformation and international policy. The third part is to discuss the Indian government''s policy, the self-esteem and attitude, current development of India-China cooperation in economy and trade, India''s role in the Cross-straits relations, and then assesses the future development of the India-China strategic partnership, and the potential influence on the international affairs.
Tartinville, Marie, and 唐霓. "The Impact of the BRICS and SCO on Sino-Indian Relations." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/466hqh.
Повний текст джерела國立政治大學
國際研究英語碩士學位學程(IMPIS)
106
This Master Thesis explores Sino-Indian relations through the Neoliberal Institutionalist theory. More precisely, the author is trying to respond to the actual economic and political tensions remaining between China and India despite a growing economic interaction since the 1990’s. In fact, long-standing territorial disputes and unbalanced trade leads to protectionist behavior (in the case of the Indian Industry) and to frequent military actions at borders between the two countries. The author argues that dispute management on a multilateral level through International Organization could improve Sino-Indian Relations. Indeed International Organizations, according to the Neoliberal Institutionalist Theory, play a role in IR as conflict manager. As such, the author chose to analyze the case of the BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as conflict manager between China and India. As a result, it appears that the BRICS have a limited impact on their relationship due to its low level of institutions and its lack of experiences in dispute management. On the contrary, the SCO seems to offer a greater perspective in terms of territorial dispute settlements thanks to its former experiences in stabilizing Central Asia. However, both organizations need to be improved in order to play a role in stabilizing Sino-Indian relations in the future. The author suggests that the BRICS establishes a commission focused on member state economic interdependence and lead feasibility studies to address unbalanced trade. The SCO should elaborate an official process for territorial dispute settlement in order to serve as an agreement platform. Therefore, after analysis, the author thinks Sino-Indian relations could be improved in the future thanks to International Organizations such as the BRICS and the SCO which could contribute to better bilateral cooperation and trust building.
Tsai, Shang-fa, and 蔡尚發. "Sino-Indian Bilateral Relationship and its Influence on the Asian-Pacific Security." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64569399903769082945.
Повний текст джерела國立中興大學
國際政治研究所
93
Title of Thesis: Total pages: Sino-Indian Bilateral Relationship and its Influence on the Asian-Pacific Security 260 pages 162000words Key word: non-aligned movement, advance policy, preventive defense, Partnership of Strategic Coordination Name of Institute:NATIONAL CHUNG HSING UNIVERSITY GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS Graduate date:June,2005 Degree conferred: master Name of student: (In English)Shang-fa Tsai (In Chinese)蔡尚發 Advisor: (In English)Ker-Yi Chu. (In Chinese)巨克毅 Abstract: Both China and India are ancient countries. India has been an colony to Britain while China hasn’t, but these two countries have their own forces and similar ideas against Western power: India had “non-aligned movement” in the early period of its independence while China proposed five principles and hoped other countries should not interfere its policy. During its early years of independence, Indian president, Nehru, carried out “Advance Policy,” following the advantage of British colonized. India thus had confrontations at the borders with China in 1962 and had bad relationship with China for years. However, due to mutual visits from both leaders of both sides to each other, they had more thorough understanding toward each other. On November, 1996, India and China signed the “Agreement on Confidence Building Measures along the Line of Actual Control (LAC)” and “Declaration on Principles for Relations and Comprehensive Cooperation Between the Republic of India and the People's Republic of China ” in 2003 for securing the relationship between China and India. In 2005, Jia-bao Wen visited India and his visit showed the improvement between two sides. However, the intimate relationship between China and India arouses attentions from the U.S. and the Soviet. In April, 2002, India spent 146 million U.S. dollars to purchase weapons from the U.S. This has been the first time since 10 years ago that India bought military utilities from the U.S. In 2003, the Bush government raised its military assistance to India from 7 million U.S. dollars to 75 million U.S. dollars. In March, 2005, the U.S. announced that India should be included as “the main country of worldly power in the 21st century.” This shows the U.S. has guaranteed its assistance for India. In December, 2002, the Soviet also signed “Dali Declaration” and announced its military alliance with India. The growing power of India makes the U.S. and the Soviet adjust their policies with India. Meanwhile, the relationship between China and the U.S. gets closer in recent years and the deficient in the balance of trade makes them depend on each other more deeply. William Perry, the ex-minister of Defense of the U.S., once claimed that America in the 21st century should take the policy of “Preventive Defense.” He also considered that the U.S. should take its chance to influence China and make it as a “partner” instead of “enemy”. In 2004, China signed the military strategy with the Soviet and solved the border problem. I hope to study the Sino-Indian Relation and to find how it influences the Asian-Pacific Security. Meanwhile, I also wish to find some brief conclusions in this area.
Crean, Jeffrey 1977. "The Turning Point: Perceptions and Policies Concerning Communist China during the Kennedy Years." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148381.
Повний текст джерелаAthwal, Amardeep. "The contemporary dynamics of Sino-Indian relations: Examining maritime security, economics, energy and elite dialogue." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=449784&T=F.
Повний текст джерелаGao, Zhi-Yang, and 高芝揚. "A Study on the Development of Sino-Myanmar Relation under CCP’s in the Indian Ocean." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71016210374728829957.
Повний текст джерела國防大學政治作戰學院
政治研究所
103
Since 1978, the CCP economy has reformed and opened up, in response to the increasing requirements of domestic development, the dependence for energy are growing. Especially, the requirement for oil is the most important, almost totally depending on importing, and the most of transporting has to cross through the Malacca Strait to Mainland China, because CCP pursues to the profits from the Marine Lines, "Malacca dilemma" has become the core issues about the security of energy to CCP. Furthermore, according to the effect of the "China Threat" and the "Strings of pearls, the countries led by US and the countries surrounding in the Indian ocean including India start to confuse and defense for the rising of CCP ,due to this, it will be a huge challenge to CCP to develop its Strategy in Indian ocean. However, Myanmar is not only a Indian ocean regional country but also closing to the Mainland China, so it is not only playing an important role for CCP to get profits from the area of India ocean, but also becoming one of the best way to let the CCP enter the Indian ocean and cure the "Malacca Dilemma". In this paper, by using the concepts of the Strategic Research, try to probe the playing role and the value about Myanmar to CCP’s strategy, and at the same time not only analyze the relationship between Mainland China and Myanmar, but also face the influences and challenges from itself and another countries.