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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Single neuron imaging"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 24 лютого 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Single neuron imaging"

Chen, Pei-Ju, Yan Li, and Chi-Hon Lee. "Calcium Imaging of Neural Activity in Fly Photoreceptors." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2022, no. 7 (May 31, 2022): pdb.top107800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.top107800.

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Functional imaging methodologies allow researchers to simultaneously monitor the neural activities of all single neurons in a population, and this ability has led to great advances in neuroscience research. Taking advantage of a genetically tractable model organism, functional imaging in Drosophila provides opportunities to probe scientific questions that were previously unanswerable by electrophysiological recordings. Here, we introduce comprehensive protocols for two-photon calcium imaging in fly visual neurons. We also discuss some challenges in applying optical imaging techniques to study visual systems and consider the best practices for making comparisons between different neuron groups.

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Wang, Yangzhen, Feng Su, Shanshan Wang, Chaojuan Yang, Yonglu Tian, Peijiang Yuan, Xiaorong Liu, Wei Xiong, and Chen Zhang. "Efficient implementation of convolutional neural networks in the data processing of two-photon in vivo imaging." Bioinformatics 35, no. 17 (January 23, 2019): 3208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz055.

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Abstract Motivation Functional imaging at single-neuron resolution offers a highly efficient tool for studying the functional connectomics in the brain. However, mainstream neuron-detection methods focus on either the morphologies or activities of neurons, which may lead to the extraction of incomplete information and which may heavily rely on the experience of the experimenters. Results We developed a convolutional neural networks and fluctuation method-based toolbox (ImageCN) to increase the processing power of calcium imaging data. To evaluate the performance of ImageCN, nine different imaging datasets were recorded from awake mouse brains. ImageCN demonstrated superior neuron-detection performance when compared with other algorithms. Furthermore, ImageCN does not require sophisticated training for users. Availability and implementation ImageCN is implemented in MATLAB. The source code and documentation are available at https://github.com/ZhangChenLab/ImageCN. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Yang, Jian, Yong Zhang, Yuanlin Yu, and Ning Zhong. "Nested U-Net Architecture Based Image Segmentation for 3D Neuron Reconstruction." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2021): 1348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3379.

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Digital reconstruction of neurons is a critical step in studying neuronal morphology and exploring the working mechanism of the brain. In recent years, the focus of neuronal morphology reconstruction has gradually shifted from single neurons to multiple neurons in a whole brain. Microscopic images of a whole brain often have low signal-to-noise-ratio, discontinuous neuron fragments or weak neuron signals. It is very difficult to segment neuronal signals from the background of these images, which is the first step of most automatic reconstruction algorithms. In this study, we propose a Nested U-Net based Ultra-Tracer model (NUNU-Tracer) for better multiple neurons image segmentation and morphology reconstruction. The NUNU-Tracer utilizes nested U-Net (UNet++) deep network to segment 3D neuron images, reconstructs neuron morphologies under the framework of the Ultra-Tracer and prunes branches of noncurrent tracing neurons. The 3D UNet++ takes a 3D microscopic image as its input, and uses scale-space distance transform and linear fusion strategy to generate the segmentation maps for voxels in the image. It is capable of removing noise, repairing broken neurite patterns and enhancing neuronal signals. We evaluate the performance of the 3D UNet++ for image segmentation and NUNU-Tracer for neuron morphology reconstruction on image blocks and neurons, respectively. Experimental results show that they significantly improve the accuracy and length of neuron reconstructions.

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Keliris, Georgios A., Qinglin Li, Amalia Papanikolaou, Nikos K. Logothetis, and Stelios M. Smirnakis. "Estimating average single-neuron visual receptive field sizes by fMRI." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 13, 2019): 6425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809612116.

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The noninvasive estimation of neuronal receptive field (RF) properties in vivo allows a detailed understanding of brain organization as well as its plasticity by longitudinal following of potential changes. Visual RFs measured invasively by electrophysiology in animal models have traditionally provided a great extent of our current knowledge about the visual brain and its disorders. Voxel-based estimates of population RF (pRF) by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans revolutionized the field and have been used extensively in numerous studies. However, current methods cannot estimate single-neuron RF sizes as they reflect large populations of neurons with individual RF scatter. Here, we introduce an approach to estimate RF size using spatial frequency selectivity to checkerboard patterns. This method allowed us to obtain noninvasive, average single-neuron RF estimates over a large portion of human early visual cortex. These estimates were significantly smaller compared with prior pRF methods. Furthermore, fMRI and electrophysiology experiments in nonhuman primates demonstrated an exceptionally good match, validating the approach.

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Ning, Kefu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Xuefei Gao, Tao Jiang, He Wang, Siqi Chen, Anan Li, and Jing Yuan. "Deep-learning-based whole-brain imaging at single-neuron resolution." Biomedical Optics Express 11, no. 7 (June 8, 2020): 3567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.393081.

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Kalaska, John F. "Emerging ideas and tools to study the emergent properties of the cortical neural circuits for voluntary motor control in non-human primates." F1000Research 8 (May 29, 2019): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17161.1.

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For years, neurophysiological studies of the cerebral cortical mechanisms of voluntary motor control were limited to single-electrode recordings of the activity of one or a few neurons at a time. This approach was supported by the widely accepted belief that single neurons were the fundamental computational units of the brain (the “neuron doctrine”). Experiments were guided by motor-control models that proposed that the motor system attempted to plan and control specific parameters of a desired action, such as the direction, speed or causal forces of a reaching movement in specific coordinate frameworks, and that assumed that the controlled parameters would be expressed in the task-related activity of single neurons. The advent of chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays about 20 years ago permitted the simultaneous recording of the activity of many neurons. This greatly enhanced the ability to study neural control mechanisms at the population level. It has also shifted the focus of the analysis of neural activity from quantifying single-neuron correlates with different movement parameters to probing the structure of multi-neuron activity patterns to identify the emergent computational properties of cortical neural circuits. In particular, recent advances in “dimension reduction” algorithms have attempted to identify specific covariance patterns in multi-neuron activity which are presumed to reflect the underlying computational processes by which neural circuits convert the intention to perform a particular movement into the required causal descending motor commands. These analyses have led to many new perspectives and insights on how cortical motor circuits covertly plan and prepare to initiate a movement without causing muscle contractions, transition from preparation to overt execution of the desired movement, generate muscle-centered motor output commands, and learn new motor skills. Progress is also being made to import optical-imaging and optogenetic toolboxes from rodents to non-human primates to overcome some technical limitations of multi-electrode recording technology.

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Hogg, Peter W., and Kurt Haas. "Bulk Dye Loading for In Vivo Calcium Imaging of Visual Responses in Populations of Xenopus Tectal Neurons." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2022, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): pdb.prot106831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot106831.

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Bulk loading of neurons with fluorescent calcium indicators in transparent albino Xenopus tadpoles offers a rapid and easy method for tracking sensory-evoked activity in large numbers of neurons within an awake developing brain circuit. In vivo two-photon time-lapse imaging of an image plane through the optic tectum allows defining receptive field properties from visual-evoked responses for studies of single-neuron and network-level encoding and plasticity. Here, we describe loading the Xenopus tadpole optic tectum with the membrane-permeable AM ester of Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 (OGB-1 AM) for in vivo imaging experiments.

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Koyano, Kenji W., Akinori Machino, Masaki Takeda, Teppei Matsui, Ryoko Fujimichi, Yohei Ohashi, and Yasushi Miyashita. "In vivo visualization of single-unit recording sites using MRI-detectable elgiloy deposit marking." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 3 (March 2011): 1380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00358.2010.

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Precise localization of single-neuron activity has elucidated functional architectures of the primate cerebral cortex, related to vertically stacked layers and horizontally aligned columns. The traditional “gold standard” method for localizing recorded neuron is histological examination of electrolytic lesion marks at recording sites. Although this method can localize recorded neurons with fine neuroanatomy, the necessity for postmortem analysis prohibits its use in long-term chronic experiments. To localize recorded single-neuron positions in vivo, we introduced MRI-detectable elgiloy deposit marks, which can be created by electrolysis of an elgiloy microelectrode tip and visualized on highly contrasted magnetic resonance (MR) images. Histological analysis validated that the deposit mark centers could be localized relative to neuroanatomy in vivo with single-voxel accuracy, at an in-plane resolution of 200 μm. To demonstrate practical applications of the technique, we recorded single-neuron activity from a monkey performing a cognitive task and localized it in vivo using deposit marks (deposition: 2 μA for 3 min; scanning: fast-spin-echo sequence with 0.15 × 0.15 × 0.8 mm3 resolution, 120/4,500 ms of echo-time/repetition-time and 8 echo-train-length), as is usually performed with conventional postmortem methods using electrolytic lesion marks. Two localization procedures were demonstrated: 1) deposit marks within a microelectrode track were used to reconstruct a dozen recorded neuron positions along the track directly on MR images; 2) combination with X-ray imaging allowed estimation of hundreds of neuron positions on MR images. This new in vivo method is feasible for chronic experiments with nonhuman primates, enabling analysis of the functional architecture of the cerebral cortex underlying cognitive processes.

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Tetzlaff, Svenja, Joaquín Campos, Linh Nguyen, Christopher Strahle, Wolfgang Wick, Thomas Kuner, Frank Winkler, Claudio Acuna, and Varun Venkataramani. "CNSC-21. CHARACTERIZATION OF NEURON-TUMOR INTERACTIONS USING HUMAN CO-CULTURES." Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_7 (November 1, 2022): vii26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac209.102.

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Abstract Glioblastoma are incurable brain tumors characterized by their colonization of the entire brain and their notorious therapeutic resistance. Recently, we discovered long membrane tubes called tumor microtubes contributing to invasion, network formation of tumor-tumor networks and therapeutic resistance. Subsequently, heterogeneous networks of neurons and glioblastoma cells were characterized, which can communicate by synaptic and perisynaptic contacts as well as by paracrine mechanisms. Currently used models of studying neuron-glioblastoma interactions are limited by the possibility to study glioblastoma in a defined human neuronal microenvironment. Here, we set out to derive excitatory and inhibitory neurons from embryonic stem cells via lentiviral reprogramming and co-cultured them with patient-derived glioblastoma cells. We could show that structural and functional neuron-glioblastoma synaptic contacts are formed. Functional communication between neurons and glioblastoma cells were characterized with calcium imaging, showing similar complex calcium dynamics previously characterized with in vivo imaging of patient-derived xenograft models. The single-cell glioblastoma morphology was morphometrically similar to that of human glioblastoma tissue. Tumor microtubes and the formation of tumor-tumor networks could be demonstrated. Additionally, glioblastoma invasion patterns in our human neuronal co-culture model resemble invasion patterns recently characterized with patient-derived xenograft models. Lastly, we investigated reciprocal neuron-glioblastoma interactions and longitudinally characterized neuronal activity with patch-clamp electrophysiology. In conclusion, we provide a novel human neuron-glioblastoma co-culture system allowing in-depth molecular and functional characterization for future Cancer Neuroscience studies.

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Matsuda, Takahiko, and Izumi Oinuma. "Imaging endogenous synaptic proteins in primary neurons at single-cell resolution using CRISPR/Cas9." Molecular Biology of the Cell 30, no. 22 (October 15, 2019): 2838–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e19-04-0223.

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Fluorescence imaging at single-cell resolution is a crucial approach to analyzing the spatiotemporal regulation of proteins within individual cells of complex neural networks. Here we present a nonviral strategy that enables the tagging of endogenous loci by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing combined with a nucleofection technique. The method allowed expression of fluorescently tagged proteins at endogenous levels, and we successfully achieved tagging of a presynaptic protein, synaptophysin (Syp), and a postsynaptic protein, PSD-95, in cultured postmitotic neurons. Superresolution fluorescence microscopy of fixed neurons confirmed the identical localization patterns of the tagged proteins to those of endogenous ones verified by immunohistochemistry. The system is also applicable for multiplexed labeling and live-cell imaging. Live imaging with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of a single dendritic process of a neuron double-labeled with Syp-mCherry and PSD-95-EGFP revealed the previously undescribed dynamic localization of the proteins synchronously moving along dendritic shafts. Our convenient and versatile strategy is potent for analysis of proteins whose ectopic expressions perturb cellular functions.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Single neuron imaging"

Murphy-Royal, Ciaran. "Surface diffusion of the astrocytic glutamate transporter glt-1 shapes synaptic transmission." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0113/document.

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Le glutamate est le principal neurotransmetteur excitateur du système nerveux central des vertébrés, et le codage de l’information cérébrale repose en partie sur des modulations de l’amplitude et de la fréquence des transmissions synaptiques glutamatergiques. De ce fait, la résolution spatiale et temporelle de ces transmissions nécessite un contrôle fin de la présence de glutamate dans la fente synaptique. Cette durée de vie du glutamate dans les synapses dépend directement de l’action de transporteurs spécifiques exprimés à la surface des astrocytes, en particulier les transporteurs de type GLT-1, qui retirent le neurotransmetteur et permettent ainsi de « nettoyer » la fente synaptique avant la survenue d’un nouvel épisode de neurotransmission
A classic understanding of neurotransmitter clearance at glutamatergic synapses is that, in order to ensure sufficient glutamate uptake on a fast timescale, it is necessary to have high numbers of glutamate transporters in the vicinity of release sites to compensate for their slow transport kinetics. Using a combination of single molecule imaging and electrophysiological approaches, we now challenge this view by first demonstrating that GLT-1 transporters are not static but highly mobile at the surface of astrocytes, and that their surface diffusion is dependent upon both neuronal and glial cell activities. In the vicinity of glutamate synapses, GLT-1 dynamics are strongly reduced favoring their retention within this strategic location. Remarkably, glutamate uncaging at synaptic sites instantaneously increases GLT-1 diffusion, displacing the glutamate-bound transporter away from this compartment. Functionally, impairment of the transporter lateral diffusion through an antibody-based surface cross linking, both in vitro and in vivo, significantly slows the kinetics of excitatory postsynaptic currents. Taken together, these data reveal the unexpected and major role of the astrocytic surface GLT-1 fast dynamics in shaping glutamatergic synaptic transmission.Keywords:

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Kubler, Samuel. "Statistical methods for the robust extraction of objects’ spatio-temporal relations in bioimaging – Application to the functional analysis of neuronal networks in vivo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS455.

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Le code neuronal, c'est-à-dire la manière dont les neurones interconnectés peuvent effectuer des opérations complexes, permettant l'adaptation rapide des animaux à leur environnement, reste une question ouverte et un champ de recherche intensif tant en neurosciences expérimentales qu'en neurosciences computationnelles. Les progrès de la biologie moléculaire et de la microscopie ont récemment permis de surveiller l'activité de neurones individuels chez un animal vivant et, dans le cas de petits animaux ne contenant que quelques milliers de neurones, de mesurer l'activité de l'ensemble du système nerveux. Cependant, le cadre mathématique qui permettrait de combler le fossé entre l'activité d'un seul neurone et les propriétés computationnelles émergentes des ensembles neuronaux fait défaut. Dans le manuscrit de thèse, nous présentons un pipeline de traitement statistique séquentiel qui permet d'extraire efficacement et de manière robuste des ensembles neuronaux à partir de l'imagerie calcique de l'activité neuronale. En particulier, nous développons un cadre d'inférence bayésienne basé sur un modèle biologiquement interprétable pour extraire des ensembles neuronaux caractérisés par du bruit, de l'asynchronisme et du recouvrement. L'outil fourni démontre qu'une procédure d'échantillonnage de Gibbs peut estimer efficacement les paramètres statistiques et les variables latentes pour extraire les ensembles neuronaux basés sur un modèle de synchronisation à la fois sur des données synthétiques et sur des données expérimentales allant de stimulations du cortex visuel de la souris et du poisson zèbre à l'activité spontanée de Hydra Vulgaris. La thèse développe également un cadre statistique de processus ponctuel pour quantifier la façon dont les ensembles neuronaux encodent les stimuli évoqués ou les comportements spontanés chez les animaux vivants. Cet outil polyvalent est également utilisé pour l'inférence de la connectivité fonctionnelle de l'activité neuronale ou la procédure de calibration automatique des algorithmes d'inférence de pics appliqués aux enregistrements calciques. Pour que les algorithmes fournis soient largement diffusés dans la communauté des neurobiologistes, les résultats doivent être étayés par des estimations biologiques interprétables, des preuves statistiques, des démonstrations mathématiques rigoureuses et des logiciels en libre accès. Notre implémentation contributive, qui va de l'intensité des pixels aux ensembles neuronaux estimés, identifie également, à partir des schémas d'activation synchrone des ensembles neuronaux, les neurones ayant des rôles spécifiques qui peuvent être utilisés pour prédire, améliorer ou modifier les comportements d'animaux vivants. Le cadre fourni permet de démontrer l'émergence de propriétés collectives à partir de l'enregistrement de signaux individuels extrêmement variables, qui rendent le code neuronal encore insaisissable
The neural code, i.e. how interconnected neurons can perform complex operations, allowing the quick adaptation of animals to their environment, remains an open question and an intensive field of research both in experimental and computational neurosciences. Advances in molecular biology and microscopy have recently made it possible to monitor the activity of individual neurons in living animals and, in the case of small animals containing only a few thousands of neurons, to measure the activity of the entire nervous system. However, the mathematical framework that would bridge the gap between single neuron activity and the emergent computational properties of neuronal ensembles is missing.In the thesis manuscript, we introduce a sequential statistical processing pipeline that efficiently and robustly extracts neuronal ensembles from calcium imagery of neuronal activity. In particular, we develop a Bayesian inference framework based on a biologically interpretable model to extract neuronal ensembles characterized by noise, asynchrony and overlapping. The provided tool demonstrates that a Gibbs sampling routine can efficiently estimate statistical parameters and hidden variables to uncover neuronal ensembles based on synchronization patterns both on synthetic data and on various experimental datasets from mice and zebrafish visual cortex to Hydra Vulgaris. The thesis equally develops a point process statistical framework to quantify how neuronal ensembles encode evoked stimuli or spontaneous behaviors in living animals. This versatile tool is also used for the inference of the functional connectivity of neuronal activity or the automatically calibration procedure of the spike inference algorithms applied to calcium recordings. For the providing algorithms to be largely spread in the neurobiologist community, results are supported by interpretable biological estimates, statistical evidence, rigorous mathematical proofs, and free-available software. Our contributive implementation, that goes from pixel intensity to estimated neuronal ensembles, equally identify from the synchronous firing patterns of neuronal ensembles, neurons with specific roles that can be used to predict, improve, or alter the behaviors of living animals. The provided framework unravels the emergence of collective properties from the recording of extremely varying individual signals that make the neural code still elusive

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Crépeau, Joël. "Development of a single-mode interstitial rotary probe for In Vivo deep brain fluorescence imaging." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29428/29428.pdf.

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Ce mémoire rend compte de l’expertise développée par l’auteur au Centre de recherchede l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ) en endoscopie fibrée. Il décrit la construction d’un nouveau type de microscope optique, le MicroscopeInterstitiel Panoramique (PIM). Par la juxtaposition d’un court morceau de fibre à gradientd’indice et d’un prisme à l’extrémité d’une fibre monomode, la lumière laser estfocalisée sur le côté de la sonde. Pour former une image, cette dernière est rapidementtournée autour de son axe pendant qu’elle est tirée verticalement par un actuateurpiézo-électrique. Ce design de système rotatif d’imagerie interstitielle peu invasif est uneffort pour limiter les dégâts causés par la sonde tout en imageant la plus grande régionpossible en imagerie optique cérébrale profonde.
This thesis documents the expertise developed by the author at the Centre de recherchede l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ) in fibered endoscopy,particularly the design and construction of a new kind of optical microscope: ThePanoramic Interstitial Microscope (PIM). Through the juxtaposition of a short piece ofGraded-Index fibre and a prism at the end of a single-mode fibre, laser light is focussedon the side of the probe. To form an image, the latter is quickly spun around its axiswhile it is being pulled vertically by a piezoelectric actuator. This minimally invasivefluorescence rotary interstitial imaging system is an endeavor to limit the damage causedby the probe while imaging enough tissue to provide good context to the user in deep brain optical imaging.

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Meissner, Nancy A. Meissner. "A Single-Subject Evaluation of Facilitated Communicationin the Completion of School-Assigned Homework." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1521038309724555.

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"Automatic Segmentation of Single Neurons Recorded by Wide-Field Imaging Using Frequency Domain Features and Clustering Tree." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.40696.

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abstract: Recent new experiments showed that wide-field imaging at millimeter scale is capable of recording hundreds of neurons in behaving mice brain. Monitoring hundreds of individual neurons at a high frame rate provides a promising tool for discovering spatiotemporal features of large neural networks. However, processing the massive data sets is impossible without automated procedures. Thus, this thesis aims at developing a new tool to automatically segment and track individual neuron cells. The new method used in this study employs two major ideas including feature extraction based on power spectral density of single neuron temporal activity and clustering tree to separate overlapping cells. To address issues associated with high-resolution imaging of a large recording area, focused areas and out-of-focus areas were analyzed separately. A static segmentation with a fixed PSD thresholding method is applied to within focus visual field. A dynamic segmentation by comparing maximum PSD with surrounding pixels is applied to out-of-focus area. Both approaches helped remove irrelevant pixels in the background. After detection of potential single cells, some of which appeared in groups due to overlapping cells in the image, a hierarchical clustering algorithm is applied to separate them. The hierarchical clustering uses correlation coefficient as a distance measurement to group similar pixels into single cells. As such, overlapping cells can be separated. We tested the entire algorithm using two real recordings with the respective truth carefully determined by manual inspections. The results show high accuracy on tested datasets while false positive error is controlled within an acceptable range. Furthermore, results indicate robustness of the algorithm when applied to different image sequences.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2016

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Jeans, Rhiannon. "Form perception and neural feedback: insights from V1 and V2." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12731.

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In the brain, every cortical inter-area feedforward projection shares a reciprocal feedback connection. Despite its pervasive nature in the brain, our understanding of the functional role of neural feedback in form perception remains incomplete, particularly in behaving animals. This problem is addressed in humans with a novel form completion paradigm. Seven subjects (5 female) had their EEG waveforms analysed using three linear models showing non-significant differences between stimulus conditions designed to produce differences by manipulating neural feedback to V1. Two of these subjects (one female), in addition to EEG waveforms, had combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) cortical maps that allowed anatomically close areas such as V1 and V2 to have their signals decomposed and neural feedback inferred. Differences between stimulus conditions arose once signals had been divided into V1 and V2. Significant differences (p < .05) for one subject in V1 and V2 suggests cortical interactions at 100ms and 350ms. This suggests the form completion paradigm has utility at investigating the influence of the V2 far receptive field surround on V1, given future given signal to noise issues are resolved.

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Tran, Le Thuy Van. "Dynamics of evoked and spontaneous calcium transients in synaptic boutons of neocortical pyramidal neurons." Phd thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133756.

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In response to an action potential (AP), a transient rise in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) causes transmitter release from nerve terminals. As the spatiotemporal dynamics of this calcium rise can affect the efficacy and plasticity of synaptic connections, it is essential to understand their determinants. To characterise factors that shape calcium transients in neocortical synaptic boutons, layer 5 pyramidal cells in the rat somatosensory cortex were filled through the patch pipette with a fluorescent calcium indicator for the measurement of [Ca2+]i. For accurate calculation of [Ca2+]i from the fluorescence intensity, the calcium binding affinities (Kd) of the indicators were measured in vitro, in solutions that were similar to the patch-clamp internal solution. These solutions were made with various concentrations of calcium chloride, but a constant concentration of a calcium buffer. The resultant free [Ca2+] was measured with a calcium-selective macroelectrode. It was found that the Kd values of the calcium indicators were considerably different from those previously published or provided by the manufacturers. Two main determinants of the intracellular calcium dynamics are the capacity of endogenous calcium buffers and the activity of calcium sequestration mechanisms. By measuring the peak amplitude of single AP-evoked calcium transients with different concentrations of OGB-1 or OGB-6F, a value of 7 was estimated for the calcium-binding ratio of endogenous buffers. Thus, in response to a single AP and in the absence of exogenous buffers, [Ca2+]i was raised by 5.3 microM, with a total change of approximately 50 microM. The rate constant of calcium sequestration (0.60 per s) was estimated from the slow decay time constant of the measured transients. The initial fast decay did not prolong when intracellular calcium uptake was inhibited, or speed up during repetitive stimulation. These findings suggest that calcium-induced calcium release (CICR), buffer saturation, and a non-linear calcium transporter were not the main cause of the bi-exponential decay. A 3D model of a bouton en passant showed that diffusion of calcium into the axon was likely the underlying mechanism. During high-frequency stimulation, CICR contributed to a supralinear summation of [Ca2+]i. Spontaneous increases in [Ca2+]i have been observed in several nerve terminals. They have been implicated in a number of cellular processes, including calcium homeostasis and spontaneous transmitter release. Here, the high-affinity calcium indicator OGB-1 was used to monitor small changes in [Ca2+]i. Spontaneous calcium transients (sCaTs) were observed at a frequency of around 0.2 per min. The increase in [Ca2+]i associated with each sCaT was 1.4–2.3 microM, in the absence of exogenous buffers. It was hypothesised that sCaTs arose from calcium release from presynaptic stores. In support of this, caffeine increased the average frequency of sCaTs by approximately 90%. The amplitude and kinetics of sCaTs identified in caffeine and in the control condition were not different from each other, suggesting that the majority of sCaTs might have been a result of calcium release through ryanodine receptors. The functional consequence(s) of sCaTs in neocortical synaptic boutons remains to be determined.

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Книги з теми "Single neuron imaging"

Yoshiaki, Iwamura, Rowe Mark, and International Union of Physiological Sciences. Congress, eds. Somatosensory processing: From single neuron to brain imaging. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Rowe, Mark, and Yoshiaki Iwamura. Somatosensory Processing: From Single Neuron to Brain Imaging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Rowe, Mark, and Yoshiaki Iwamura. Somatosensory Processing: From Single Neuron to Brain Imaging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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(Editor), Mark Rowe, and Yoshiaki Iwamura (Editor), eds. Somatosensory Processing: From Single Neuron to Brain Imaging. CRC, 2001.

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Rowe, Mark, and Yoshiaki Iwamura. Somatosensory Processing: From Single Neuron to Brain Imaging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Rowe, Mark, and Yoshiaki Iwamura. Somatosensory Processing: From Single Neuron to Brain Imaging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Rowe, Mark, Yoshiaki Iwamura, and Yoshiaki Iwamua. Somatosensory Processing: From Single Neuron to Brain Imaging. Taylor & Francis Group, 2001.

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Boothroyd, Andrew T. Principles of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862314.001.0001.

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The book contains a comprehensive account of the theory and application of neutron scattering for the study of the structure and dynamics of condensed matter. All the principal experimental techniques available at national and international neutron scattering facilities are covered. The formal theory is presented, and used to show how neutron scattering measurements give direct access to a variety of correlation and response functions which characterize the equilibrium properties of bulk matter. The determination of atomic arrangements and magnetic structures by neutron diffraction and neutron optical methods is described, including single-crystal and powder diffraction, diffuse scattering from disordered structures, total scattering, small-angle scattering, reflectometry, and imaging. The principles behind the main neutron spectroscopic techniques are explained, including continuous and time-of-flight inelastic scattering, quasielastic scattering, spin-echo spectroscopy, and Compton scattering. The scattering cross-sections for atomic vibrations in solids, diffusive motion in atomic and molecular fluids, and single-atom and cooperative magnetic excitations are calculated. A detailed account of neutron polarization analysis is given, together with examples of how polarized neutrons can be exploited to obtain information about structural and magnetic correlations which cannot be obtained by other methods. Alongside the theoretical aspects, the book also describes the essential practical information needed to perform experiments and to analyse and interpret the data. Exercises are included at the end of each chapter to consolidate and enhance understanding of the material, and a summary of relevant results from mathematics, quantum mechanics, and linear response theory, is given in the appendices.

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Seeck, Margitta, L. Spinelli, Jean Gotman, and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Combination of Brain Functional Imaging Techniques. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0046.

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Several tools are available to map brain electrical activity. Clinical applications focus on epileptic activity, although electric source imaging (ESI) and electroencephalography-coupled functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG–fMRI) are also used to investigate non-epileptic processes in healthy subjects. While positron-emission tomography (PET) reflects glucose metabolism, strongly linked with synaptic activity, and single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) reflects blood flow, fMRI (BOLD) signals have a hemodynamic component that is a surrogate signal of neuronal (synaptic) activity. The exact interpretation of BOLD signals is not completely understood; even in unifocal epilepsy, more than one region of positive or negative BOLD is often observed. Co-registration of medical images is essential to answer clinical questions, particularly for presurgical epilepsy evaluations. Multimodal imaging can yield information about epileptic foci and underlying networks. Co-registering MRI, PET, SPECT, fMRI, and ESI (or magnetic source imaging) provides information to estimate the epileptogenic zone and can help optimize surgical results.

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Roberts, Timothy P. L., and Luke Bloy. Neuroimaging in Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0060.

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Noninvasive imaging and electrophysiological techniques have been developed to probe specific aspects of brain function and dysfunction, providing exquisite spatial maps of functional centers and temporal characteristics. The evolution of these techniques has advanced from single-modality methods identifying functional localization, specialization and segregation, through real-time measures of neuronal activity, toward multimodality integration of structural, functional, and spectro-temporal approaches. While these have an immediate impact in conditions where physical brain lesions are evident (e.g., brain tumor and stroke), making a commensurate contribution within neuropsychiatry is more complex. Nonetheless, by combining concepts of morphology, neurochemistry, neural signal propagation, and regional connectivity, there appears to be ample opportunity to contribute not only to the diagnosis of patients with mental illness but to the stratification and subtyping across behavioral phenotypes and, ultimately, to patient management. Here we present an overview of the most common noninvasive neuroimaging methodologies and their applications to pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Частини книг з теми "Single neuron imaging"

Backhaus, Hendrik, Nicolas Ruffini, Anna Wierczeiko, and Albrecht Stroh. "An All-Optical Physiology Pipeline Toward Highly Specific and Artifact-Free Circuit Mapping." In Neuromethods, 137–63. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2764-8_5.

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AbstractAll-optical physiology of neuronal microcircuits requires the integration of optogenetic perturbation and optical imaging, efficient opsin and indicator co-expression, and tailored illumination schemes. It furthermore demands concepts for system integration and a dedicated analysis pipeline for calcium transients in an event-related manner. Here, firstly, we put forward a framework for the specific requirements for technical system integration particularly focusing on temporal precision. Secondly, we devise a step-by-step guide for the image analysis in the context of an all-optical physiology experiment. Starting with the raw image, we present concepts for artifact avoidance, the extraction of fluorescence intensity traces on single-neuron basis, the identification and binarization of putatively action-potential-related calcium transients, and finally ensemble activity analysis.

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Shim, Jae Youn, Byung Hun Lee, and Hye Yoon Park. "Visualization of Single mRNAs in Live Neurons." In Imaging Gene Expression, 47–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9674-2_4.

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Ozbay, Baris N., Gregory L. Futia, Ming Ma, Connor McCullough, Michael D. Young, Diego Restrepo, and Emily A. Gibson. "Miniature Multiphoton Microscopes for Recording Neural Activity in Freely Moving Animals." In Neuromethods, 187–230. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2764-8_7.

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AbstractMiniaturized head-mounted microscopes for in vivo recording of neural activity have gained much recognition within the past decade of neuroscience research. In combination with fluorescent reporters, these miniature microscopes allow researchers to record the neural activity that underlies behavior, cognition, and perception in freely moving animals. Single-photon miniature microscopes are convenient for widefield recording but lack the increased penetration depth and optical sectioning capabilities of multiphoton imaging. Here we discuss the current state of head-mounted multiphoton miniature microscopes and introduce a miniature head-mounted two-photon fiber-coupled microscope (2P-FCM) for neuronal imaging with active axial focusing enabled using a miniature electrowetting lens. The 2P-FCM enables three-dimensional two-photon optical recording of structure and activity at multiple focal planes in a freely moving mouse. Detailed methods are provided in this chapter on the 2P-FCM design, operation, and software for data analysis.

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Nakanishi, Tomoko M. "Water-Specific Imaging." In Novel Plant Imaging and Analysis, 3–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4992-6_1.

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AbstractOur first target was water, namely, how to obtain a water-specific image nondestructively. Using a neutron beam, we could visualize water-specific images of plants, including roots and flowers, which were never shown before. Each image suggested the plant-specific activity related to water.We briefly present how to acquire the image and what kind of water image is taken by neutron beam irradiation. We present a variety of plant samples, such as flowers, seeds, and wood disks. It was noted that neutrons could visualize the roots imbedded in soil without uprooting. When a spatial image of the root imbedded in soil was created from many projection images, the water profile around the root was analyzed. Then, fundamental questions were raised, such as whether plants are absorbing water solution or water vapor from the soil, because there was always a space adjacent to the root surface and hardly any water solution was visualized there. The roots are in constant motion during growth, known as circumnutation, and it is natural that the root tip is always pushing the soil aside to produce space for the root to grow. If the roots are absorbing water vapor, then the next question is about metals. Are the roots absorbing metal vapor? Since we tended to employ water culture to study the physiological activity of plants, the physiological study of the plants growing in soil was somewhat neglected. Later, when we could develop a system to visualize the movement of element absorption in a plant, there was a clear difference in element absorption between water culture and soil culture.

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Joensuu, Merja, Ramon Martínez-Mármol, Mahdie Mollazade, Pranesh Padmanabhan, and Frédéric A. Meunier. "Single-Molecule Imaging of Recycling Synaptic Vesicles in Live Neurons." In Neuromethods, 81–114. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0532-5_5.

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Tonsfeldt, Karen J., and David K. Welsh. "Long-Term Imaging and Electrophysiology of Single Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons." In Circadian Clocks, 99–120. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2577-4_5.

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Hossain, Sharmin, Kaspar Podgorski, and Kurt Haas. "Single-Cell Electroporation for In Vivo Imaging of Neuronal Morphology and Growth Dynamics." In Neural Tracing Methods, 101–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1963-5_5.

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Yap, Timothy E., Maja Szymanska, and M. Francesca Cordeiro. "Advances in Retinal Imaging: Real-Time Imaging of Single Neuronal Cell Apoptosis (DARC)." In OCT and Imaging in Central Nervous System Diseases, 123–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26269-3_7.

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Thal, Lucas B., Oleg Kovtun, and Sandra J. Rosenthal. "Labeling Neuronal Proteins with Quantum Dots for Single-Molecule Imaging." In Quantum Dots, 169–77. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0463-2_9.

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Alexiou, George A., Spyridon Tsiouris, and Andreas D. Fotopoulos. "Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography [Neuro-SPECT] Imaging of Brain Tumors." In PET and SPECT in Neurology, 881–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54307-4_42.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Single neuron imaging"

Segawa, Yumi, Wataru Minoshima, Kyoko Masui, and Chie Hosokawa. "Single-Neuron Stimulation with a Focused Femtosecond Laser." In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleopr.2022.ctua15c_03.

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The less invasive stimulation of neurons at the single-cell level was demonstrated with a focused femtosecond laser. The evoked neuronal activity by the laser irradiation was evaluated by simultaneous fluorescent Ca2+ imaging and electrophysiological recordings.

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Ning, Kefu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Xuefei Gao, Tao Jiang, He Wang, Siqi Chen, Anan Li, and Jing Yuan. "Deep-learning-based whole-brain imaging at single-neuron resolution." In Neural Imaging and Sensing 2021, edited by Qingming Luo, Jun Ding, and Ling Fu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2582870.

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Zhang, Delong, Hyeon Jeong Lee, Pei-Yu Shih, Ryan E. Drenan, and Ji-Xin Cheng. "Label-Free Imaging of Single Neuron Activities by Stimulated Raman Scattering." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2015.am3j.4.

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Yoshida, S., K. Takada, and A. Ektessabi. "SRXRF elemental imaging of a single neuron from patients with neurodegenerative disorders." In The fifteenth international conference on the application of accelerators in research and industry. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59200.

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Singh, Ranjana, Abha Saxena, and Lopamudra Giri. "Single Neuron Imaging Reveals Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Bursting and Delay in Calcium Oscillation in Hippocampal Neurons." In 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2019.8856638.

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Dhyani, Vaibhav, Soumya Jana, and Lopamudra Giri. "Gaussian Mixture Modeling of Single-Neuron Responses Obtained from Confocal-Calcium-Imaging of Dissociated Rat Hippocampal Neurons." In 2021 10th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner49283.2021.9441102.

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Jang, M. J., and Y. Nam. "Automation of network burst analysis in the single neuron resolution based on calcium imaging." In 2013 6th International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering (NER). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ner.2013.6695997.

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Wang, Heng, Yang Song, Chaoyi Zhang, Jianhui Yu, Siqi Liu, Hanchuan Pengy, and Weidong Cai. "Single Neuron Segmentation Using Graph-Based Global Reasoning with Auxiliary Skeleton Loss from 3D Optical Microscope Images." In 2021 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi48211.2021.9434071.

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Narayanasamy, Kaarjel K., Johanna V. Rahm, Soohyen Jang, and Mike Heilemann. "Multi-color super-resolution microscopy accelerated by a neural network." In Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Superresolution Imaging XVI, edited by Ingo Gregor, Rainer Erdmann, and Felix Koberling. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2657442.

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Beck, Lior M., Ariel Halfon, Uri Rossman, Assaf Shocher, Michal Irani, and Dan Oron. "Image fusion in correlation based superresolution imaging using convolutional neural networks (Conference Presentation)." In Single Molecule Spectroscopy and Superresolution Imaging XVI, edited by Ingo Gregor, Rainer Erdmann, and Felix Koberling. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2648282.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Single neuron imaging"

Brubaker, Erik. Single-Volume Neutron Scatter Camera for High-Efficiency Neutron Imaging and Source Characterization. Year 2 of 3 Summary. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225830.

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