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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Hoffman, Zach J., Alec S. Ho, Saheli Chakraborty, and Nitash P. Balsara. "Limiting Current Density in Single-Ion-Conducting and Conventional Block Copolymer Electrolytes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 043502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac613b.

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Анотація:

The limiting current density of a conventional polymer electrolyte (PS-PEO/LiTFSI) and a single-ion-conducting polymer electrolyte (PSLiTFSI-PEO) was measured using a new approach based on the fitted slopes of the potential obtained from lithium-polymer-lithium symmetric cells at a constant current density. The results of this method were consistent with those of an alternative framework for identifying the limiting current density taken from the literature. We found the limiting current density of the conventional electrolyte is inversely proportional to electrolyte thickness as expected from theory. The limiting current density of the single-ion-conducting electrolyte was found to be independent of thickness. There are no theories that address the dependence of the limiting current density on thickness for single-ion-conducting electrolytes.

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2

Ghorbanzade, Pedram, Laura C. Loaiza, and Patrik Johansson. "Plasticized and salt-doped single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries." RSC Advances 12, no. 28 (2022): 18164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra03249j.

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3

Park, Habin, Anthony Engler, Nian Liu, and Paul Kohl. "Dynamic Anion Delocalization of Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance of Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023227mtgabs.

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Анотація:

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been considered as next-generation energy storages due to their extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1). However, current LMBs, using conventional liquid electrolytes, still could not fulfill the demand of soaring expansion of energy era, such as electrical vehicles, because of their safety issues, originated by uncontrollable electrolytic side reaction on the lithium, resulting unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and vicious lithium dendritic growth [1]. Also, carbonate-based liquid electrolytes have an intrinsic flammability, and the lithium dendrite, which short-circuits a cell, can lead to severe safety hazard with the unfavorable flammability of current liquid system when they are ignited. Therefore, solid-state electrolytes have been spotlighted recently for a pathway for safe, and high energy and power LMBs, due to their superior thermal stability and low vapor pressure, while maintaining suitable electrolytic performances. In this study, solid-state single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes (SICPEs), utilizing dynamic anion delocalization (DAD), realizing high ionic conductivity and dimensional stability for high-performance LMB, are studied. The SICPEs enable superior lithium transference number, resulting in highly reduced concentration gradient of lithium cation along the electrolyte to suppress the undesirable lithium dendritic growth. However, SICPEs have prominently lower ionic conductivity than dual-ion conducting polymer electrolyte (DICPEs), which is a critical issue to make a slower charge/discharge for SICPEs [2]. Although an approach utilizing gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), using a liquid solvent as a plasticizer, has been exploited to increase the ionic conductivity of SICPEs, GPEs have struggled with lower mechanical stability, compared to solid state, and still existing flammability issue with the plasticizer. The novel plasticizer, which is described here, can interact with bulky anionic polymer matrix, so that the negative charge can be dispersed onto the whole complex by DAD. Once the bulky complex is formed by DAD, the dissociation of lithium cation from anionic matrix can be easier with the decreased activation energy and higher ionic conduction. While increasing the ionic conductivity with DAD, the nature of polymeric plasticizer will highly suppress flammability. DAD allows the membrane endure more tensile strength due to the dynamic structural change in crosslinking state, so that the polymer electrolyte can tolerate dendritic growth of lithium by morphological change on an electrode surface. The obvious advantages of DAD-induced solid polymer electrolytes in this study for a high energy and power, and ultra-safe LMB can present a novel approach of polymer electrolyte design to the astronomical demand of energy storages. [1] F. Ahmed, I. Choi, M.M. Rahman, H. Jang, T. Ryu, S. Yoon, L. Jin, Y. Jin, W. Kim, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 34930-34938. [2] D.-M. Shin, J.E. Bachman, M.K. Taylor, J. Kamcev, J.G. Park, M.E. Ziebel, E. Velasquez, N.N. Jarenwattananon, G.K. Sethi, Y. Cui, J.R. Long, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1905771.

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4

Badi, Nacer, Azemtsop Manfo Theodore, Saleh A. Alghamdi, Hatem A. Al-Aoh, Abderrahim Lakhouit, Pramod K. Singh, Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim, and Gaurav Nath. "The Impact of Polymer Electrolyte Properties on Lithium-Ion Batteries." Polymers 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2022): 3101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153101.

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Анотація:

In recent decades, the enhancement of the properties of electrolytes and electrodes resulted in the development of efficient electrochemical energy storage devices. We herein reported the impact of the different polymer electrolytes in terms of physicochemical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Since LIBs use many groups of electrolytes, such as liquid electrolytes, quasi-solid electrolytes, and solid electrolytes, the efficiency of the full device relies on the type of electrolyte used. A good electrolyte is the one that, when used in Li-ion batteries, exhibits high Li+ diffusion between electrodes, the lowest resistance during cycling at the interfaces, a high capacity of retention, a very good cycle-life, high thermal stability, high specific capacitance, and high energy density. The impact of various polymer electrolytes and their components has been reported in this work, which helps to understand their effect on battery performance. Although, single-electrolyte material cannot be sufficient to fulfill the requirements of a good LIB. This review is aimed to lead toward an appropriate choice of polymer electrolyte for LIBs.

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5

Zhang, Heng, Chunmei Li, Michal Piszcz, Estibaliz Coya, Teofilo Rojo, Lide M. Rodriguez-Martinez, Michel Armand, and Zhibin Zhou. "Single lithium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes: advances and perspectives." Chemical Society Reviews 46, no. 3 (2017): 797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00491a.

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Анотація:

Single lithium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SLIC-SPEs), with a high lithium-ion transference number, the absence of the detrimental effect of anion polarization, and low dendrite growth rate, could be an excellent choice of safe electrolyte materials for lithium batteries in the future.

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6

Liang, Hai-Peng, Maider Zarrabeitia, Zhen Chen, Sven Jovanovic, Steffen Merz, Josef Granwehr, Stefano Passerini, and Dominic Bresser. "Polysiloxane-Based Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance Li‖NMC₈₁₁ Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012326mtgabs.

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Анотація:

The ongoing electrification of the transportation sector is triggering a continuous search for batteries with higher energy density. One approach to achieve this goal is the transition to lithium-metal anodes. However, the practical implementation brings about severe safety issues such as the dendritic deposition and growth of metallic lithium and the consequent risk of accidental short circuiting of the cell, resulting in a thermal runaway.1 Solid-state electrolytes such as polymers are considered a viable strategy to overcome this issue, especially single-ion conducting polymers, owing to the absence of the detrimental reversed cell polarization, the uniform Li+ flux, and frequently higher limiting current densities.2,3 In fact, the latter is of utmost importance for the fast charging of battery cells as well as the eventual power density. So far, however, the cycling performance at high dis-/charge rates and high current densities for battery cells comprising a polymer electrolyte remained little investigated and commonly non-satisfactory. Here, we report the development of a polysiloxane-based single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte (PSiOM) with a Li+ conductivity exceeding 10−4 S cm−1 at ambient temperature and excellent stability towards both lithium metal and high-energy LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) as the active material for the positive electrode. This new polymer electrolyte enables dendrite-free lithium deposition, thanks to the formation of a suitable electrode|electrolyte interface and interphase and the uniform Li+ flux. Moreover, PSiOM allows for an outstanding capacity retention of, e.g., 90% at 1C and 86% at 2C after 300 cycles and rapid charging and discharging at C rates as high as 5C. It is important to note that we used reasonable active material mass loadings for these tests (>7 mg cm-2), which means that the current densities applied were up to 7.20 mA cm−2 at 40 °C and 2.88 mA cm−2 at 20 °C. To the best of our knowledge, these current densities are among the highest reported so far for polymer-based electrolytes. References (1) Kalhoff, J.; Eshetu, G. G.; Bresser, D.; Passerini, S. Safer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives. ChemSusChem 2015, 8 (13), 2154–2175. (2) Zhang, H.; Li, C.; Piszcz, M.; Coya, E.; Rojo, T.; Rodriguez-Martinez, L. M.; Armand, M.; Zhou, Z. Single Lithium-Ion Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Advances and Perspectives. Chemical Society Reviews 2017, 46 (3), 797–815. (3) Nguyen, H.-D.; Kim, G.-T.; Shi, J.; Paillard, E.; Judeinstein, P.; Lyonnard, S.; Bresser, D.; Iojoiu, C. Nanostructured Multi-Block Copolymer Single-Ion Conductors for Safer High-Performance Lithium Batteries. Energy & Environmental Science 2018, 11 (11), 3298–3309.

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7

Engler, Anthony, Habin Park, Nian Liu, and Paul Kohl. "Cyclic Carbonate-Based, Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries: Electrolyte Design." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0122437mtgabs.

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Анотація:

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been the focus of study to address Li-ion battery issues including thermal runaway by mitigating the danger from volatile solvents. A single ion conductor has a high transference number which eliminates uncontrolled mass transport by immobilizing the anion to the polymer matrix. Problems with undesired side reactions and lithium dendrite growth can also be improved by providing a mechanical barrier. Unfortunately, single-ion conducting SPEs suffer from poor lithium-ion mobility and conductivity due to the immobilized nature of the anions, poor ion-pair dissociation, and the slower time scale diffusion in a polymer matrix compared to liquid electrolytes. In this study, cyclic carbonate-based polymer electrolytes were synthesized to mimic the beneficial properties of conventional carbonate-based liquid electrolytes, such as high level of ion dissociation and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. A series of copolymers were synthesized varying the structure and composition of the anionic monomer and polar cyclic carbonate containing monomer. The tertiary hydrogen on these carbonate monomers can act as a crosslinking point in free radical polymerizations or UV curing processes to provide robust mechanical properties to the SPEs at elevated temperatures. Although the inherent conductivities of the single-ion SPEs are on the order of 10-7 mS/cm, the addition of plasticizers can improve these conductivities to 0.1 mS/cm.

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8

Villaluenga, Irune, Kevin H. Wujcik, Wei Tong, Didier Devaux, Dominica H. C. Wong, Joseph M. DeSimone, and Nitash P. Balsara. "Compliant glass–polymer hybrid single ion-conducting electrolytes for lithium batteries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520394112.

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Анотація:

Despite high ionic conductivities, current inorganic solid electrolytes cannot be used in lithium batteries because of a lack of compliance and adhesion to active particles in battery electrodes as they are discharged and charged. We have successfully developed a compliant, nonflammable, hybrid single ion-conducting electrolyte comprising inorganic sulfide glass particles covalently bonded to a perfluoropolyether polymer. The hybrid with 23 wt% perfluoropolyether exhibits low shear modulus relative to neat glass electrolytes, ionic conductivity of 10−4 S/cm at room temperature, a cation transference number close to unity, and an electrochemical stability window up to 5 V relative to Li+/Li. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicates that the hybrid electrolyte limits lithium polysulfide dissolution and is, thus, ideally suited for Li-S cells. Our work opens a previously unidentified route for developing compliant solid electrolytes that will address the challenges of lithium batteries.

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9

Park, Habin, Anthony Engler, Nian Liu, and Paul Kohl. "Cyclic Carbonate-Based, Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries: Battery Performance." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012329mtgabs.

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Анотація:

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are a pathway for safe, and high energy and power lithium batteries due to their thermal stability and low vapor pressure. Although polymers can be flexible and dimensional stability, it is lithium dendritic suppression can be a challenge for any electrolyte. Conventional SPEs have both mobile cations and anions, which migrate and cause concentration polarization. The low transference number for lithium ions in an electrolyte contributes lithium concentration gradients causing concentration polarization and lithium dendrites [1,2]. Single-ion conducting SPEs have been reported to demonstrate lithium ion only conduction in the electrolyte as well as retain their high mechanical stability during cycling. However, their low ionic conductivity is due to stationary phase of the tethered anion in the polymer matrix and cation-anion complexation [3]. In this study, a cyclic carbonate neutral moiety was included in the SPE to help dissociate the lithium cation from the tethered anion matrix to increase the ionic conductivity and help form the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. The cyclic carbonate unit in the SPE is similar to the cyclic carbonate solvent in a conventional lithium ion battery and could participate in the solvation of the lithium cation in the SPE. The cyclic carbonate monomer in the SPE can participate in SEI-forming electrochemical reactions on the electrode surface and suppress undesirable side reactions and lithium dendritic growth. Satisfactory level of rate and cycling performance was achieved with the novel neutral monomers in the single-ion conducting SPEs. [1] H. Zhang, C. Li, M. Piszcz, E. Coya, T. Rojo, L.M. Rodriguez-Martinez, M. Armand, Z. Zhou, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 797-815. [2] F. Ahmed, I. Choi, M.M. Rahman, H. Jang, T. Ryu, S. Yoon, L. Jin, Y. Jin, W. Kim, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 34930-34938. [3] D.-M. Shin, J.E. Bachman, M.K. Taylor, J. Kamcev, J.G. Park, M.E. Ziebel, E. Velasquez, N.N. Jarenwattananon, G.K. Sethi, Y. Cui, J.R. Long, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1905771.

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10

Cui, Wei Wei, Dong Yan Tang, and Li Li Guan. "A Single Ion Conducting Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly(lithium 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropanesulfonic Acid-Co-Vinyl Triethoxysilane) and its Electrochemical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 2053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.2053.

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Анотація:

Single ion conducting polymer electrolytes synthesized through a copolymer poly(lithium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-co-vinyl triethoxysilane) and a crosslinker poly(etheylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) were prepared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the surface and cross-section of the polymer electrolyte membrane. AC impedance and linear sweep voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of the polymer electrolytes. It was found that the obtained membrane had a typical amorphous structure and possessed a smooth surface. The bulk resistance of the polymer electrolyte increased with the increase in the plasticizer uptake. The electrochemical stability increased with the increase in the content of VTES.

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11

Sutton, Preston, Martino Airoldi, Luca Porcarelli, Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez, Clément Mugemana, Nico Bruns, David Mecerreyes, Ullrich Steiner, and Ilja Gunkel. "Tuning the Properties of a UV-Polymerized, Cross-Linked Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030595.

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Анотація:

Lithium metal anodes have been pursued for decades as a way to significantly increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, safety risks caused by flammable liquid electrolytes and short circuits due to lithium dendrite formation during cell cycling have so far prevented the use of lithium metal in commercial batteries. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer a potential solution if their mechanical properties and ionic conductivity can be simultaneously engineered. Here, we introduce a family of SPEs that are scalable and easy to prepare with a photopolymerization process, synthesized from amphiphilic acrylic polymer conetworks based on poly(ethylene glycol), 2-hydroxy-ethylacrylate, norbornyl acrylate, and either lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) or a single-ion polymethacrylate as lithium-ion source. Several conetworks were synthesized and cycled, and their ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, and lithium transference number were characterized. A single-ion-conducting polymer electrolyte shows the best compromise between the different properties and extends the calendar life of the cell.

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12

Rizzuto, Carmen, Dale C. Teeters, Riccardo C. Barberi, and Marco Castriota. "Plasticizers and Salt Concentrations Effects on Polymer Gel Electrolytes Based on Poly (Methyl Methacrylate) for Electrochemical Applications." Gels 8, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8060363.

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Анотація:

This work describes the electrochemical properties of a type of PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). The gel polymer electrolyte systems at a concentration of (20:80) % w/w were prepared from poly (methyl methacrylate), lithium perchlorate LiClO4 and single plasticizer propylene carbonate (PMMA-Li-PC) and a mixture of plasticizers made by propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate in molar ratio 1:1, (PMMA-Li-PC-EC). Different salt concentrations (0.1 M, 0.5 M, 1 M, 2 M) were studied. The effect of different plasticizers (single and mixed) on the properties of gel polymer electrolytes were considered. The variation of conductivity versus salt concentration, thermal properties using DSC and TGA, anodic stability and FTIR spectroscopy were used in this study. The maximum ionic conductivity of σ = 0.031 S/cm were obtained for PMMA-Li-PC-EC with a salt concentration equal to 1 M. Ion-pairing phenomena and all ion associations were observed between lithium cations, plasticizers and host polymers through FTIR spectroscopy. The anodic stability of the PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes was recorded up to 4 V. The glass temperatures of these electrolytes were estimated. We found they were dependent on the plasticization effect of plasticizers on the polymer chains and the increase of the salt concentration. Unexpectedly, it was determined that an unreacted PMMA monomer was present in the system, which appears to enhance ion conduction. The presence and possibly the addition of a monomer may be a technique for increasing ion conduction in other gel systems that warrants further study.

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13

Pandey, Kamlesh, Nidhi Asthana, Mrigank Mauli Dwivedi, and S. K. Chaturvedi. "Effect of Plasticizers on Structural and Dielectric Behaviour of [PEO + (NH4)2C4H8(COO)2] Polymer Electrolyte." Journal of Polymers 2013 (August 6, 2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/752596.

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Анотація:

Improvements in ion transport property of polyethylene-oxide- (PEO-) based polymer electrolytes have been investigated, using different types of plasticizers. The effects of single and coupled plasticizers [i.e., EC, (EC + PC), and (EC + PEG)] on structural and electrical behavior of pristine electrolyte were studied by XRD, SEM technique, and impedance spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the best plasticized system was found to be 4 × 10−6 S/cm. Argand plots show dispersive nature of relaxation time or inhomogeneous space charge polarization of plasticized polymer electrolyte.

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14

Voropaeva, Daria, Svetlana Novikova, Nikolay Trofimenko, and Andrey Yaroslavtsev. "Polystyrene-Based Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries." Processes 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 2509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122509.

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Анотація:

Lithium metal batteries are one of the more promising replacements for lithium-ion batteries owing to their ability to reach high energy densities. The main problem limiting their commercial application is the formation of dendrites, which significantly reduces their durability and renders the batteries unsafe. In the present work, we used a single-ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte based on a poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) block copolymer, which was functionalized with benzenesulfonylimide anions and plasticized by a mixture of ethylene carbonate and dimethylacetamide (SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA), with a solvent uptake of 160% (~12 solvent molecules per one functional group of the membrane). The SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of 0.6 mSm∙cm−1 at 25 °C and appears to be a cationic conductor (TLi+ = 0.72). SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA is electrochemically stable up to 4.1 V. Symmetrical Li|Li cells; further, with regard to SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA membrane electrolytes, it showed a good performance (~0.10 V at first cycles and <0.23 V after 700 h of cycling at ±0.1 mA∙cm−2 and ±0.05 mAh∙cm−2). The LiFePO4|SSEBS-Ph-EC-DMA|Li battery showed discharge capacity values of 100 mAh∙g−1 and a 100% Coulomb efficiency, at a cycling rate of 0.1C.

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15

Xu, Guodong, Rupesh Rohan, Jing Li, and Hansong Cheng. "A novel sp3Al-based porous single-ion polymer electrolyte for lithium ion batteries." RSC Advances 5, no. 41 (2015): 32343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra01126d.

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Анотація:

We report synthesis of an Al-based porous gel single-ion polymer electrolyte, lithium poly (glutaric acid aluminate) (LiPGAA), using glutaric acid and lithium tetramethanolatoaluminate as the precursors.

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16

Spencer Jolly, Dominic, Dominic L. R. Melvin, Isabella D. R. Stephens, Rowena H. Brugge, Shengda D. Pu, Junfu Bu, Ziyang Ning, et al. "Interfaces between Ceramic and Polymer Electrolytes: A Comparison of Oxide and Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for Hybrid Solid-State Batteries." Inorganics 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10050060.

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Анотація:

Hybrid solid-state batteries using a bilayer of ceramic and solid polymer electrolytes may offer advantages over using a single type of solid electrolyte alone. However, the impedance to Li+ transport across interfaces between different electrolytes can be high. It is important to determine the resistance to Li+ transport across these heteroionic interfaces, as well as to understand the underlying causes of these resistances; in particular, whether chemical interphase formation contributes to giving high resistances, as in the case of ceramic/liquid electrolyte interfaces. In this work, two ceramic electrolytes, Li3PS4 (LPS) and Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO), were interfaced with the solid polymer electrolyte PEO10:LiTFSI and the interfacial resistances were determined by impedance spectroscopy. The LLZTO/polymer interfacial resistance was found to be prohibitively high but, in contrast, a low resistance was observed at the LPS/polymer interface that became negligible at a moderately elevated temperature of 50 °C. Chemical characterization of the two interfaces was carried out, using depth-profiled X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, to determine whether the interfacial resistance was correlated with the formation of an interphase. Interestingly, no interphase was observed at the higher resistance LLZTO/polymer interface, whereas LPS was observed to react with the polymer electrolyte to form an interphase.

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17

Spencer Jolly, Dominic, Dominic L. R. Melvin, Isabella D. R. Stephens, Rowena H. Brugge, Shengda D. Pu, Junfu Bu, Ziyang Ning, et al. "Interfaces between Ceramic and Polymer Electrolytes: A Comparison of Oxide and Sulfide Solid Electrolytes for Hybrid Solid-State Batteries." Inorganics 10, no. 5 (April 26, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10050060.

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Анотація:

Hybrid solid-state batteries using a bilayer of ceramic and solid polymer electrolytes may offer advantages over using a single type of solid electrolyte alone. However, the impedance to Li+ transport across interfaces between different electrolytes can be high. It is important to determine the resistance to Li+ transport across these heteroionic interfaces, as well as to understand the underlying causes of these resistances; in particular, whether chemical interphase formation contributes to giving high resistances, as in the case of ceramic/liquid electrolyte interfaces. In this work, two ceramic electrolytes, Li3PS4 (LPS) and Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO), were interfaced with the solid polymer electrolyte PEO10:LiTFSI and the interfacial resistances were determined by impedance spectroscopy. The LLZTO/polymer interfacial resistance was found to be prohibitively high but, in contrast, a low resistance was observed at the LPS/polymer interface that became negligible at a moderately elevated temperature of 50 °C. Chemical characterization of the two interfaces was carried out, using depth-profiled X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, to determine whether the interfacial resistance was correlated with the formation of an interphase. Interestingly, no interphase was observed at the higher resistance LLZTO/polymer interface, whereas LPS was observed to react with the polymer electrolyte to form an interphase.

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18

Caradant, Lea, Nina Verdier, Gabrielle Foran, David Lepage, Arnaud Prébé, David Aymé-Perrot, and Mickaël Dollé. "The Influence of Polar Functional Groups in Melt-Blended Polymers Used As New Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (October 9, 2022): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272423mtgabs.

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Анотація:

Following the COP26 Summit in November 2021, more than hundred countries pledged to reach zero-emission by 2070 at the latest and the major car manufacturers committed to selling only electric vehicles by 2040. Currently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are among the most widely used storage systems because of their high energy and power densities and long lifespan.1 The early LIBs are composed of intercalation electrodes, electronically isolated by an ion-conducting organic liquid electrolyte. However, the use of liquid electrolytes presents some disadvantages – especially in regard to consumer safety – related to short-circuits and potential leakages of the flammable liquid solvent. Moreover, in the case of lithium metal batteries, the combination of a liquid electrolyte and a high-capacity lithium metal anode leads to the uncontrolled deposition of lithium during the reduction, forming dendrites between the electrodes. A promising way to avoid this instability and improve battery safety is to replace the liquid electrolyte with an ion-conducting solid electrolyte.2 Among them, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) represent one of the most attractive alternatives due to their capacity to effectively conduct ions and higher mechanical resistance than their liquid counterparts.3 An important criterion for selecting polymers for use in SPEs is their ability to dissolve lithium salts through polar functional groups. Salt dissolution results in the replacement of ion-ion interactions in the lithium salt, with ion-dipole interactions in the polymer. The transport mechanisms of these ion-conducting materials differ from those of liquid electrolytes. Cation transport in polymer involves two steps which are considered to be dissociated or not, depending on the model chosen (Arrhenius or Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher, respectively). The application of one of these models provides interesting information on the ionic mobility dynamics in SPEs and, in particular, on the interplay between ionic jumps and polymer chain mobility. According to previous studies, higher segmental motions in the amorphous phase of polymers mainly provide ionic transport, which explains the limited ionic conductivity of SPEs at ambient temperature (less than 10-5 S/cm). Another major limitation of SPEs is primarily related to their dual role as electrolyte and binder in composite electrodes, which requires contradictory requirements to be met. Indeed, SPEs must have both sufficient flexibility to allow good interfacial contact between the electrode components and sufficient rigidity to limit short circuits. Polymer blending has emerged as an economic and effective technique to develop new SPEs which may simultaneously combine properties of each polymer and control the intrinsic properties of the resulting blend by adjusting the formulation.4 Moreover, polymer blends can be obtained by a solvent-free processing method, which reduce SPE toxicity and production time and cost. However, polymer blending makes both the salt dissociation processes and the ionic transport more difficult to understand as both polymers can dissolve lithium salts with their polar groups. Each polymer has different ionic transport properties depending on its architecture and thermal properties. Currently, no systematic survey comparing the ability of polymers with various functional groups to dissolve lithium salts in blends has thus far been conducted. In this presentation, we will discuss the salt dissociation ability of polar functional groups in various polymer blend SPEs. These groups are limited to those that are most commonly present in SPEs : ether, nitrile, carbonate, ester, alcohol and amide.5 The blends presented have been obtained by extrusion, which allows the effect of solvents on salt/polymer interactions to be neglected. Coupled FTIR, EDX and 7Li NMR analyses allow the interactions between LiTFSI and the polymer blends to be determined with a good degree of certainty. Our original study combines experimental and theoretical approaches to determine effects of polymers’ lithium salt solvating ability on blend electrolyte properties. Finally, this survey highlights an ideal polymer couple with the most promising and complementary properties, usable as SPE for LIBs. Indeed, this blend presents encouraging properties, compared to single-polymer SPEs, such as higher ionic conductivities over a wide temperature range, as well as improved mechanical and thermal stability properties and cycling performances. References Xie, W., Liu, X., He, R., Li, Y., Gao, X., Li, X., Peng, Z., Feng, S., Feng, X. and Yang, S. Journal of Energy Storage 2020, 32, 101837. Chen, R., Qu, W., Guo, X., Li, L. and Wu, F. Materials Horizons 2016, 3, 487-516. Gray, F. M. Solid polymer electrolytes, VCH New Tork 1991. Caradant, L., Lepage, D., Nicolle, P., Prébé, A., Aymé-Perrot, D. and Dollé, M. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2020, 4943-4951. Caradant, L., Verdier, N., Foran, G., Lepage, D., Prébé, A., Aymé-Perrot, D. and Dollé, M. ACS Applied Polymer Materials 2021. Figure 1

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19

Cao, Chen, Yu Li, Yiyu Feng, Peng Long, Haoran An, Chengqun Qin, Junkai Han, Shuangwen Li, and Wei Feng. "A sulfonimide-based alternating copolymer as a single-ion polymer electrolyte for high-performance lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 43 (2017): 22519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta05787c.

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20

Golodnitsky, D., R. Kovarsky, H. Mazor, Yu Rosenberg, I. Lapides, E. Peled, W. Wieczorek, et al. "Host-Guest Interactions in Single-Ion Lithium Polymer Electrolyte." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 154, no. 6 (2007): A547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2722538.

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21

Dai, Kuan, Cheng Ma, Yiming Feng, Liangjun Zhou, Guichao Kuang, Yun Zhang, Yanqing Lai, Xinwei Cui, and Weifeng Wei. "A borate-rich, cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte with near-single ion conduction for lithium metal batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 31 (2019): 18547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05938e.

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22

Liu, Kewei, Yingying Xie, Zhenzhen Yang, Hong-Keun Kim, Trevor L. Dzwiniel, Jianzhong Yang, Hui Xiong, and Chen Liao. "Design of a Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for Sodium-Ion Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 120543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac42f2.

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Анотація:

A sodium bis(fluoroallyl)malonato borate salt (NaBFMB) is synthesized. Using a Click thiol-ene reaction, NaBFMB can be photo-crosslinked with a tri-thiol (trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercapto propionate), TMPT) to create a single-ion conducting electrolyte (NaSIE), with all negative charges residing on the borate moieties and anions immobilized through the 3-D crosslinked network. The NaSIE can be prepared either as a free-standing film or through a drop-cast method followed by a photo crosslinking method for an in-situ formation on top of the electrodes. The free-standing film of NaSIE has a high ionic conductivity of 2 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C, and a high transference number (tNa +) of 0.91 as measured through the Bruce-Vincent method. The electrochemical stability of NaSIE polymer electrolyte is demonstrated via cyclic voltammetry (CV) to be stable up to 5 V vs Na/Na+. When tested inside a symmetrical Na//Na cell, the NaSIE shows a critical current density (CCD) of 0.4 mA cm−2. The stability of NaSIE is further demonstrated via a long cycling of the stripping/plating test with a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 at five-minute intervals for over 10,000 min. Using the in-situ method, NaSIE is used as the electrolyte for a sodium metal battery using P2 (Na resides at prismatic sites with with ABBAAB stacking)-cathode of Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NNMO) and is cycled between the cut-off voltages of 2.0–4.0 V. A high initial specific capacity (85.7 mAh g−1) with a capacity retention of 86.79% after 150 cycles is obtained.

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23

Lechartier, Marine, Luca Porcarelli, Haijin Zhu, Maria Forsyth, Aurélie Guéguen, Laurent Castro, and David Mecerreyes. "Single-ion polymer/LLZO hybrid electrolytes with high lithium conductivity." Materials Advances 3, no. 2 (2022): 1139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ma00857a.

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24

Engler, Anthony, Habin Park, Manas Madhira, Dominic Picca, James Hanus, Nian Liu, and Paul Kohl. "Investigation on Tethered Anion Effects in Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024521mtgabs.

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Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been proposed to reduce concentration polarizations within batteries by immobilizing anions to the polymer matrix, which can help stabilize the electrodeposition process and extend Li-ion battery lifetime. Unfortunately, single-ion conducting SPEs continue to suffer from poor conductivity due to coupling with the slow segmental mobility of polymer chains and poor ion pair dissociation. Our group systematically investigated how different tethered anions affect the Li-ion conduction and polymer segmental mobility. Copolymers were synthesized using a common neutral monomer, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA), with a series of different anionic monomers: 4-styrene sulfonate, 4-styrene phosphonate, 4-styrene TFSI, and methacrylate TFSI. These monomers presented a series of anions of varying strength with the same styrene structure, sulfonate vs. phosphonate vs. TFSI, as well as exploring structural monomer changes for the same TFSI anion, styrene vs. methacrylate, that allows for systematic changing of polymer electrolyte properties. Each copolymer series was further expanded by changing the composition of neutral-to-anionic monomers, ranging from 10-67 mol% anionic. The increased ion exchange capacity of the phosphonate groups led to a high degree of ion aggregation that exhibited hard mechanical properties and very low Li-ion conductivities. Increasing the electron delocalization of the ions from sulfonate to TFSI greatly improved the conductivities and lowered activation energies of ion transport, with methacrylate being slightly better than styrene. Implications of these results will be discussed for next-generation polymer electrolyte design.

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25

Zhu, Y. S., X. W. Gao, X. J. Wang, Y. Y. Hou, L. L. Liu, and Y. P. Wu. "A single-ion polymer electrolyte based on boronate for lithium ion batteries." Electrochemistry Communications 22 (August 2012): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2012.05.022.

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26

Sankara Raman, Ashwin, Samik Jhulki, Billy Johnson, Aashray Narla, and Gleb Yushin. "Facile in-Situ Polymerized Polymer Electrolytes in All Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023316mtgabs.

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Анотація:

With the push towards renewable energy sources and “green” technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have proven to be necessary across multiple technological realms, the biggest of which is currently the electric vehicle (EV) and grid storage markets. But the popular choice of liquid organic electrolytes in LIBs suffers from safety concerns, which motivated significant innovations in safer solid-state electrolytes. Among them, solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have shown great potential due to their processability, flexibility and tunability of physical properties. The past decade has seen rapid evolution in the development of SPE LIBs, but most of them still stand inadequate. SPEs are typically processed either by using solvents, or by using them in their solid state, to blend with the active electrode materials. While these systems are often subject to additional compression to promote continuous electrolyte-electrode interface, they still suffer from the almost unavoidable formations of voids, and inhomogeneous contact between the active materials and the SPEs. Furthermore, most of these processes require excessive amounts of SPEs, and yet result in a large interfacial resistance. Here we introduce a novel one-step manufacturing strategy for polymer electrolytes in solvent-free SPE LIBs. The process involves in-situ polymerization of a liquid-monomer precursor directly infiltrated into a dry jelly roll or individual electrodes to form SPE cells. Our microscopy and FIB experiments confirmed a near-perfect polymer infiltration in porous cathodes, while electro-chemical tests confirmed excellent characteristics of cathode-electrolyte interfaces. The cycling performance of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) half cells using thus produced and infiltrated SPE showed very good stability and columbic efficiency. In addition to single-ion conductive SPEs, we tested hybrid SPE systems where Li salts were added into the single-ion conductive SPEs to improve rate and capacity utilization.

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27

Li, Zhong, Wenhao Lu, Nan Zhang, Qiyun Pan, Yazhou Chen, Guodong Xu, Danli Zeng, et al. "Single ion conducting lithium sulfur polymer batteries with improved safety and stability." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 29 (2018): 14330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta04619k.

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28

Li, Yang, Ka Wai Wong, Qianqian Dou, and Ka Ming Ng. "A single-ion conducting and shear-thinning polymer electrolyte based on ionic liquid-decorated PMMA nanoparticles for lithium-metal batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 47 (2016): 18543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta09106g.

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29

Gowneni, Soujanya, and Pratyay Basak. "Swapping conventional salts with an entrapped lithiated anionic polymer: fast single-ion conduction and electrolyte feasibility in LiFePO4/Li batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 24 (2017): 12202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01431g.

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30

Chen, Yazhou, Guodong Xu, Xupo Liu, Qiyun Pan, Yunfeng Zhang, Danli Zeng, Yubao Sun, Hanzhong Ke, and Hansong Cheng. "A gel single ion conducting polymer electrolyte enables durable and safe lithium ion batteries via graft polymerization." RSC Advances 8, no. 70 (2018): 39967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra07557c.

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31

Deng, Kuirong, Tianyu Guan, Fuhui Liang, Xiaoqiong Zheng, Qingguang Zeng, Zheng Liu, Guangxia Wang, et al. "Flame-retardant single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes based on anion acceptors for high-safety lithium metal batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, no. 12 (2021): 7692–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta12437k.

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Анотація:

A flame-retardant single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte was constructed by incorporating allylboronic acid pinacol ester into the 3D network to trap the anions, leading to unity lithium-ion transference number and high ionic conductivity.

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32

Shen, Xiu, Longqing Peng, Ruiyang Li, Hang Li, Xin Wang, Boyang Huang, Dezhi Wu, Peng Zhang, and Jinbao Zhao. "Semi‐Interpenetrating Network‐Structured Single‐Ion Conduction Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium‐Ion Batteries." ChemElectroChem 6, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/celc.201901045.

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33

Rohan, Rupesh, Yubao Sun, Weiwei Cai, Kapil Pareek, Yunfeng Zhang, Guodong Xu, and Hansong Cheng. "Functionalized meso/macro-porous single ion polymeric electrolyte for applications in lithium ion batteries." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 9 (2014): 2960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ta13765a.

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Анотація:

We report a method to significantly enhance the conductivity of lithium ions in a polymeric lithium salt membrane by introducing functionalized meso/macro-pores to accommodate a mixture of organic solvents in the polymer matrix.

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34

Samsudin, Asep Muhamad, Sigrid Wolf, Michaela Roschger, and Viktor Hacker. "Poly(vinyl alcohol)-based Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 3 (February 12, 2021): 435–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33168.

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Crosslinked anion exchange membranes (AEMs) made from poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a backbone polymer and different approaches to functional group introduction were prepared by means of solution casting with thermal and chemical crosslinking. Membrane characterization was performed by SEM, FTIR, and thermogravimetric analyses. The performance of AEMs was evaluated by water uptake, swelling degree, ion exchange capacity, OH- conductivity, and single cell tests. A combination of quaternized ammonium poly(vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDMAC) showed the highest conductivity, water uptake, and swelling among other functional group sources. The AEM with a combined mass ratio of QPVA and PDDMAC of 1:0.5 (QPV/PDD0.5) has the highest hydroxide conductivity of 54.46 mS cm-1. The single fuel cell tests with QPV/PDD0.5 membrane yield the maximum power density and current density of 8.6 mW cm-2 and 47.6 mA cm-2 at 57 °C. This study demonstrates that PVA-based AEMs have the potential for alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (ADEFCs) application.

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35

Zhao, Sheng, Yiman Zhang, Hoang Pham, Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo, Bobby G. Sumpter, Jagjit Nanda, Nancy J. Dudney, Tomonori Saito, Alexei P. Sokolov, and Peng-Fei Cao. "Improved Single-Ion Conductivity of Polymer Electrolyte via Accelerated Segmental Dynamics." ACS Applied Energy Materials 3, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 12540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c02079.

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36

Liu, Xuan, Wanning Mao, Jie Gong, Haiyu Liu, Yanming Shao, Liyu Sun, Haihua Wang, and Chao Wang. "Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of PEO-Based Composite Polymer Electrolyte with Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Grafted SiO2 Nanoparticles." Polymers 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020394.

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In order to enhance the electrochemical performance and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes, composite solid electrolytes (CSE) composed of single-ion conducting polymer-modified SiO2, PEO and lithium salt were prepared and used in lithium-ion batteries in this work. The pyridyl disulfide terminated polymer (py-ss-PLiSSPSI) is synthesized through RAFT polymerization, then grafted onto SiO2 via thiol-disulfide exchange reaction between SiO2-SH and py-ss-PLiSSPSI. The chemical structure, surface morphology and elemental distribution of the as-prepared polymer and the PLiSSPSI-g-SiO2 nanoparticles have been investigated. Moreover, CSEs containing 2, 6, and 10 wt% PLiSSPSI-g-SiO2 nanoparticles (PLi-g-SiCSEs) are fabricated and characterized. The compatibility of the PLiSSPSI-g-SiO2 nanoparticles and the PEO can be effectively improved owing to the excellent dispersibility of the functionalized nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, which promotes the comprehensive performances of PLi-g-SiCSEs. The PLi-g-SiCSE-6 exhibits the highest ionic conductivity (0.22 mS·cm−1) at 60 °C, a large tLi+ of 0.77, a wider electrochemical window of 5.6 V and a rather good lithium plating/stripping performance at 60 °C, as well as superior mechanical properties. Hence, the CSEs containing single-ion conducting polymer modified nanoparticles are promising candidates for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.

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37

Wright, Peter V. "Developments in Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries." MRS Bulletin 27, no. 8 (August 2002): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2002.194.

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AbstractRecent developments in polymer electrolyte materials for lithium batteries are reviewed in this article. Four general classifications are recognized: (1) solvent-containing systems in which a liquid electrolyte solution either is fully miscible with a single-phase swollen polymer matrix (gel) or is a two-phase system in which “free” liquid occupies micropores within a swollen polymer network (hybrid), and conductivity (≥∼1 mS cm-1 at ambient temperature) is essentially independent of the polymer segmental motion (the thermal motion of segments of atoms along the backbone of a flexible polymer chain); (2) solvent-free, ion-coupled systems (typically polyether–Li salt complexes) in which both anions and cations are mobile within an amorphous, rubbery phase (conductivity ≤0.1 mS cm-1 at ambient temperature); (3) “single-ion” systems with anions fixed to the polymer backbone or systems with anion mobilities reduced by incorporation within larger molecules or by associations with the chain (conductivity ∼10-5 Scm-1 at ambient temperature); and (4) decoupled systems in which ionic mobility through channeled structures involves minimal local segmental displacements (conductivity 0.1–1 mS cm-1 at ambient temperature).

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38

Ryu, Sang-Woog. "Effect of Lithium Ion Concentration on Thermal Properties in Novel Single-Ion Polymer Electrolyte." Polymer Journal 40, no. 8 (July 2, 2008): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.pj2008026.

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39

Zhang, Yunfeng, Yazhou Chen, Yuan Liu, Bingsheng Qin, Zehui Yang, Yubao Sun, Danli Zeng, et al. "Highly porous single-ion conductive composite polymer electrolyte for high performance Li-ion batteries." Journal of Power Sources 397 (September 2018): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.07.007.

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40

Zhu, Y. S., X. J. Wang, Y. Y. Hou, X. W. Gao, L. L. Liu, Y. P. Wu, and M. Shimizu. "A new single-ion polymer electrolyte based on polyvinyl alcohol for lithium ion batteries." Electrochimica Acta 87 (January 2013): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.114.

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41

Niu, Chaoqun, Jie Liu, Tao Qian, Xiaowei Shen, Jinqiu Zhou, and Chenglin Yan. "Single lithium-ion channel polymer binder for stabilizing sulfur cathodes." National Science Review 7, no. 2 (October 12, 2019): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz149.

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Abstract Lithium–sulfur batteries have great potential for high-performance energy-storage devices, yet the severe diffusion of soluble polysulfide to electrolyte greatly limits their practical applications. To address the above issues, herein we design and synthesize a novel polymer binder with single lithium-ion channels allowing fast lithium-ion transport while blocking the shuttle of unnecessary polysulfide anions. In situ UV–vis spectroscopy measurements reveal that the prepared polymer binder has effective immobilization to polysulfide intermediates. As expected, the resultant sulfur cathode achieves an excellent specific capacity of 1310 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 0.5 C after 100 cycles and stable cycling performance for 300 cycles at 1 C (1 C = 1675 mA g−1). This study reports a new avenue to assemble a polymer binder with a single lithium-ion channel for solving the serious problem of energy attenuation of lithium–sulfur batteries.

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42

Rohan, Rupesh, Yubao Sun, Weiwei Cai, Yunfeng Zhang, Kapil Pareek, Guodong Xu, and Hansong Cheng. "Functionalized polystyrene based single ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte for lithium batteries." Solid State Ionics 268 (December 2014): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2014.10.013.

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43

Gao, Huihui, Jianzhao Mao, Dazhe Li, Yuanyuan Yu, Chen Yang, Shikai Qi, Qianli Liu, Jiadeng Zhu, and Mengjin Jiang. "Communication—Lithium Sulfonated Polyoxadiazole as a Novel Single-Ion Polymer Electrolyte in Lithium-Ion Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 167, no. 7 (January 30, 2020): 070518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab6e5c.

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44

Cai, Weiwei, Yunfeng Zhang, Jing Li, Yubao Sun, and Hansong Cheng. "Single-Ion Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Enable Lithium-Ion Batteries with a Broad Operating Temperature Range." ChemSusChem 7, no. 4 (March 12, 2014): 1063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201301373.

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45

Aldalur, Itziar, Oihane Zugazua, Alexander Santiago, Eduardo Sanchez-Diez, María Martinez-Ibañez, and Michel Armand. "Beyond PEO: New Safe Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Decreasing the Operational Temperature of All Solid-State Lithium Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012209mtgabs.

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In a world with a growing demand in energy and a great dependence on limited fossil fuels, electrochemical energy storage arises as the key alternative to meet the needs of current society. In particular, lithium batteries stand out among all the available energy-storage technologies. For the last two decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the dominative components in portable electronic devices. As one of the most critical components, the choice of the electrolyte plays a pivotal role for preparing safe and high performance LIBs. Most of the commercial lithium batteries are built up with liquid electrolytes, which entails potential security risks such as volatilization, flammability and explosion. For this reason, numerous research efforts are focused on the obtaining of solvent-free solid electrolytes. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are considered as one of the most viable solutions to replace their liquid counterparts. SPEs have many advantages over conventional liquid electrolytes such as high energy density, low reactivity with the electrodes, and the mitigation of the Li dendrite growth. Additionally, in contrast to inorganic solid electrolytes, SPEs can attenuate the interfacial resistance and improve the electrode-electrolyte compatibility compared to ceramic electrolytes. Among all the existing polymer hosts for SPEs, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is the most commonly used one due to its strong solvation ability that facilitates the dissociation of various lithium salts. However, PEO lacks some essential requirements when considering it as an ideal host material for SPE; namely the low Li-ion conductivity at ambient temperature due to its crystalline nature. Thus, the low Li-ion conductivity of SPEs at ambient temperature remains as the major hindrance towards the practical deployment of lithium polymer batteries.1, 2 In addition, the anion concentration gradient that takes place in conventional dual-ion conductors is one of the factors responsible for low Li-ion transference number (T Li + < 0.5) and consequently are more susceptible to polarization phenomena that eventually limit the power density and cycle life of lithium batteries. The main strategy to go through this polarization problem is the development of single lithium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SLIC-SPEs), where the anion is immobilized by different means.3 In order to overcome this drawback, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to the design and synthesis of new polymeric matrices that allow obtaining SPEs with improved ionic conductivity at room temperature, where modification such as cross-linking or copolymerization, or the use of low molecular weight oligomers are the main used strategies. Inspired by previously stated challenges, in the present work we will present the performance of novel flexible and highly conductive SPEs with the purpose of decreasing the working temperature. Moreover, taking advantage of the good conductivity of the synthesized polymer host, the role of different additives on the performance of newly synthesized SLIC-SPEs is provided. References: Mauger, A., Armand, M., Julien, C. M. & Zaghib, K. Challenges and issues facing lithium metal for solid-state rechargeable batteries. J. Power Sources 353, 333–342 (2017). Fan, L., Wei, S., Li, S., Li, Q. & Lu, Y. Recent Progress of the Solid-State Electrolytes for High-Energy Metal-Based Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 1702657, 1702657 (2018). Zhang, H. et al. Single lithium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes: advances and perspectives. Chem. Soc. Rev. 46, 797–815 (2017).

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Das, Anamika, Alolika Ray, Jayanta Mukhopadhyay, Moumita Mukherjee, Satarupa Biswas, and Madhumita Mukhopadhyay. "An Account on Functional Polymer Composite for Multivariant Application: A Mechanistic Approach." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2349, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2349/1/012020.

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The presented article reports a detailed review of the polymer composite and its applications in multifaceted areas. The novelty of the report is in establishing the mechanistic overview on the functionalization of polymer for selective applications. The most important and established application of polymer is in sensing, polymer electrolyte, biomedical application, point of care application etc. The utilization of functional polymer in fluorescence thermometers is dependent on the maintenance of their lower critical solubility temperature. Polyelectrolytes like conducting polymers are widely applied for chemo sensing applications. The primary mechanism for the functionality of these conducting polymers is the presence of altering single and double bonds which enables the thorough flow of charge within the matrix system. Furthermore, the macromolecular synthetic polymer is subjected to functionalization through composite upon combing with specific salts and filler components. The addition of unreactive/reactive filler components in minute amounts is reported to significantly reduce the polarization loss and increase the cyclability of the matrix when applied to solid-state devices like sensors, fuel cells for stationary and mobile applications, etc. Fuels cells being an example of renewable energy is reported to attract the modern market with emphasis on polymer membrane-based system wherein sulphonic acid-based electrolyte membrane act as the ionic electrolyte conductor. The mechanism of ion conduction within the polymer matrix plays an important role in the application in solid-state devices like sensors, fuel cells, batteries, etc. The review briefly explains the role of ionic conduction as explained using two primary mechanisms like Arrhenius and Vogel Tammann Fulcher. Finally, the role of polymer bio composites is discussed in light of biomedical applications.

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You, Yingxue, Xiaoxiao Liang, Pinhui Wang, Yanmiao Wang, Wanli Liu, Bairun Liu, Baijun Liu, Zhaoyan Sun, Wei Hu, and NiaoNa Zhang. "Single‐Ion Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Poly(ether sulfone) for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 307, no. 4 (January 21, 2022): 2100791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.202100791.

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48

Zhang, Yunfeng, Rupesh Rohan, Yubao Sun, Weiwei Cai, Guodong Xu, An Lin, and Hansong Cheng. "A gel single ion polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium-ion batteries with wide-temperature range operability." RSC Adv. 4, no. 40 (2014): 21163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02729a.

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49

Deng, Kuirong, Shuanjin Wang, Shan Ren, Dongmei Han, Min Xiao, and Yuezhong Meng. "A Novel Single-Ion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Derived from CO2-Based Multifunctional Polycarbonate." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 8, no. 49 (December 5, 2016): 33642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b11384.

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50

Chen, Guangping, Chaoqun Niu, Xiaoxue Liao, Yubing Chen, Wenyan Shang, Jie Du, and Yong Chen. "Boron-containing single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries." Solid State Ionics 349 (June 2020): 115309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115309.

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