Статті в журналах: "Single fluid flow"

1

LIU, SHIJIE, and JACOB H. MASLIYAH. "SINGLE FLUID FLOW IN POROUS MEDIA." Chemical Engineering Communications 148-150, no. 1 (June 1996): 653–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449608936537.

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2

Raihan, Mahmud Kamal, Purva P. Jagdale, Sen Wu, Xingchen Shao, Joshua B. Bostwick, Xinxiang Pan, and Xiangchun Xuan. "Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids in a Single-Cavity Microchannel." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (July 18, 2021): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070836.

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Having a basic understanding of non-Newtonian fluid flow through porous media, which usually consist of series of expansions and contractions, is of importance for enhanced oil recovery, groundwater remediation, microfluidic particle manipulation, etc. The flow in contraction and/or expansion microchannel is unbounded in the primary direction and has been widely studied before. In contrast, there has been very little work on the understanding of such flow in an expansion–contraction microchannel with a confined cavity. We investigate the flow of five types of non-Newtonian fluids with distinct rheological properties and water through a planar single-cavity microchannel. All fluids are tested in a similarly wide range of flow rates, from which the observed flow regimes and vortex development are summarized in the same dimensionless parameter spaces for a unified understanding of the effects of fluid inertia, shear thinning, and elasticity as well as confinement. Our results indicate that fluid inertia is responsible for developing vortices in the expansion flow, which is trivially affected by the confinement. Fluid shear thinning causes flow separations on the contraction walls, and the interplay between the effects of shear thinning and inertia is dictated by the confinement. Fluid elasticity introduces instability and asymmetry to the contraction flow of polymers with long chains while suppressing the fluid inertia-induced expansion flow vortices. However, the formation and fluctuation of such elasto-inertial fluid vortices exhibit strong digressions from the unconfined flow pattern in a contraction–expansion microchannel of similar dimensions.

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3

El Wahed, Ali, and Loaie Balkhoyor. "Characteristics of magnetorheological fluids under single and mixed modes." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 20 (June 7, 2016): 3798–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216653621.

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Rheological properties of magnetorheological (MR) fluids can be changed by application of external magnetic fields. These dramatic and reversible field-induced rheological changes permit the construction of many novel electromechanical devices having potential utility in the automotive, aerospace, medical and other fields. Vibration control is regarded as one of the most successful engineering applications of magnetorheological devices, most of which have exploited the variable shear, flow or squeeze characteristics of magnetorheological fluids. These fluids may have even greater potential for applications in vibration control if utilised under a mixed-mode operation. This article presents results of an experimental investigation conducted using magnetorheological fluids operated under dynamic squeeze, shear-flow and mixed modes. A special magnetorheological fluid cell comprising a cylinder, which served as a reservoir for the fluid, and a piston was designed and tested under constant input displacement using a high-strength tensile machine for various magnetic field intensities. Under vertical piston motions, the magnetorheological fluid sandwiched between the parallel circular planes of the cell was subjected to compressive and tensile stresses, whereas the fluid contained within the annular gap was subjected to shear flow stresses. The magnetic field required to energise the fluid was provided by a pair of toroidally shaped coils, located symmetrically about the centerline of the piston and cylinder. This arrangement allows individual and simultaneous control of the fluid contained in the circular and cylindrical fluid gaps; consequently, the squeeze mode, shear-flow mode or mixed-mode operation of the fluid could be activated separately. The performance of these fluids was found to depend on the strain direction. Additionally, the level of transmitted force was found to improve significantly under mixed-mode operation of the fluid.

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4

Blanchard, Danny, Phil Ligrani, and Bruce Gale. "Miniature Single-Disk Viscous Pump (Single-DVP), Performance Characterization." Journal of Fluids Engineering 128, no. 3 (September 29, 2005): 602–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2175167.

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The development and testing of a rotating single-disk viscous pump are described. This pump consists of a 10.16mm diameter spinning disk, and a pump chamber, which are separated by a small gap that forms the fluid passage. The walls of the pump chamber form a C-shaped channel with an inner radius of 1.19mm, an outer radius of 2.38mm, and a depth of 40, 73, 117, or 246μm. Fluid inlet and outlet ports are located at the ends of the C-shaped channel. Experimental flow rate and pressure rise data are obtained for rotational speeds from 100to5000rpm, fluid chamber heights from 40to246μm, flow rates from 0to4.75ml∕min, pressure rises from 0to31.1kPa, and fluid viscosities from 1to62mPas. An analytical expression for the net flow rate and pressure rise, as dependent on the fluid chamber geometry, disk rotational speed, and fluid viscosity, is derived and found to agree with the experimental data. The flow rate and pressure rise of the pump vary nearly linearly with rotational speed. The volumetric flow rate does not change significantly with changes in fluid viscosity for the same rotational speed and pumping circuit. Advantages of the disk pumps include simplicity, ease of manufacture, ability to produce continuous flow with a flow rate that does not vary significantly in time, and ability to pump biological samples without significant alteration or destruction of cells, protein suspension, or other delicate matter.

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5

Kaminsky, R. D. "Predicting Single-Phase and Two-Phase Non-Newtonian Flow Behavior in Pipes." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795006.

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Improved and novel prediction methods are described for single-phase and two-phase flow of non-Newtonian fluids in pipes. Good predictions are achieved for pressure drop, liquid holdup fraction, and two-phase flow regime. The methods are applicable to any visco-inelastic non-Newtonian fluid and include the effect of surface roughness. The methods utilize a reference fluid for which validated models exist. For single-phase flow, the use of Newtonian and power-law reference fluids are illustrated. For two-phase flow, a Newtonian reference fluid is used. Focus is given to shear-thinning fluids. The approach is theoretically based and is expected to be more accurate for large, high-pressure pipelines than present correlation methods, which are all primarily based on low-pressure, small-diameter pipe experimental data.

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6

Gao, Cheng, Rui-Na Xu, and Pei-Xue Jiang. "Pore-scale numerical investigations of fluid flow in porous media using lattice Boltzmann method." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 25, no. 8 (November 2, 2015): 1957–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-07-2014-0202.

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Purpose – Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed to explore friction factor of single-phase fluid flow through porous media and the effects of local porous structure including geometry of grains in porous media and specific surface of porous media on two-phase flow dynamic behavior, phase distribution and relative permeability. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – The 3D single-phase LBM model and the 2D multi-component multi-phase Shan-Chen LBM model (S-C model) are developed for fluid flow through porous media. For the solid site, the bounce back scheme is used with non-slip boundary condition. Findings – The predicted friction factor for single-phase fluid flow agrees well with experimental data and the well-known correlation. Compared with porous media with square grains, the two-phase fluids in porous media with circle grains are more connected and continuous, and consequently the relative permeability is higher. As for the factor of specific porous media surface, the relative permeability of wetting fluids varies a little in two systems with different specific surface areas. In addition, the relative permeability of non-wetting fluid decreases with the increasing of specific surface of porous media due to the large flow resistance. Originality/value – Fluid-fluid interaction and fluid-solid interaction in the SC LBM model are presented, and schemes to obtain immiscible two-phase flow and different contact angles are discussed. Two-off mechanisms acting on the wetting fluids is proposed to illustrate the relative permeability of wetting fluids varies a little in two systems with different specific surface.

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7

STANLEY, H. E., A. D. ARAÚJO, U. M. S. COSTA, and J. S. ANDRADE. "FLUID FLOW THROUGH DISORDERED POROUS MEDIA." Fractals 11, supp01 (February 2003): 301–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x03001963.

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This talk briefly reviews the subject of fluid flow through disordered media. First, we use two-dimensional percolation networks as a simple model for porous media to investigate the dynamics of viscous penetration when the ratio between the viscosities of displaced and injected fluids is very large. The results indicate the possibility that viscous displacement through critical percolation networks constitutes a single universality class, independent of the viscosity ratio. We also focus on the sorts of considerations that may be necessary to move statistical physics from the description of idealized flows in the limit of zero Reynolds number to more realistic flows of real fluids moving at a nonzero velocity, when inertia effects may become relevant. We discuss several intriguing features, such as the surprisingly change in behavior from a "localized" to a "delocalized" flow structure (distribution of flow velocities) that seems to occur at a critical value of Re which is significantly smaller than the critical value of Re where turbulence sets in.

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8

Koponen, A., M. Kataja, J. Timonen, and D. Kandhai. "Simulations of Single-Fluid Flow in Porous Media." International Journal of Modern Physics C 09, no. 08 (December 1998): 1505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183198001369.

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Several results of lattice-gas and lattice-Boltzmann simulations of single-fluid flow in 2D and 3D porous media are discussed. Simulation results for the tortuosity, effective porosity and permeability of a 2D random porous medium are reported. A modified Kozeny–Carman law is suggested, which includes the concept of effective porosity. This law is found to fit well the simulated 2D permeabilities. The results for fluid flow through large 3D random fibre webs are also presented. The simulated permeabilities of these webs are found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The simulations also confirm that, for this kind of materials, permeability depends exponentially on porosity over a large porosity range.

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9

Oladunni, Olutayo O., and Theodore B. Trafalis. "Single-phase fluid flow classification via learning models." International Journal of General Systems 40, no. 05 (July 2011): 561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081079.2010.537154.

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10

Kumar, Vimal, Marius Paraschivoiu, and K. D. P. Nigam. "Single-phase fluid flow and mixing in microchannels." Chemical Engineering Science 66, no. 7 (April 2011): 1329–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2010.08.016.

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11

Tomiyama, Akio, and Naoki Shimada. "A Numerical Method for Bubbly Flow Simulation Based on a Multi-Fluid Model." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 123, no. 4 (May 23, 2001): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1388010.

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A numerical method based on an N+1-fluid model is proposed for the prediction of a three-dimensional unsteady turbulent bubbly flow with nonuniform bubble sizes. Among the N+1 fluids, one fluid corresponds to the liquid phase and the N fluids to bubbles. The model can therefore take account of N different bubble sizes. Since the fluid density of each bubble group can differ from that of other groups, the method is also applicable to multi-component flows such as a gas-liquid-solid flow and a liquid-solid flow with various particles. The increase in the number of fluids to be solved does not require any lengthy complicated programming because the calculation of N field equations for the gas phase is easily conducted using a single DO-loop. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed method, unsteady bubble plumes in a water-filled vessel were simulated using the N+1-fluid and two-fluid models. As a result, it was confirmed that the N+1-fluid model gave better predictions than the two-fluid model for bubble plumes with nonuniform bubble sizes.

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12

Mazumder, Quamrul H. "Prediction of Erosion Due to Solid Particle Impact in Single-Phase and Multiphase Flows." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 129, no. 4 (September 14, 2006): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2767336.

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Solid particle erosion of metal surfaces is a major problem in several fluid handling industries due to unpredicted equipment failure and production loss. The prediction of erosion is difficult even in a single-phase flow. The complexity of the problem increases significantly in a multiphase flow due to the existence of different flow patterns where the spatial distribution of the phases changes with the change of phase flow rates. Earlier predictive means of erosion in single and multiphase flows were primarily based on empirical data and were limited to the flow conditions of the experiments. A mechanistic model has been developed for predicting erosion in single-phase and multiphase flows considering the effects of solid particle impact velocities that cause erosion. Local fluid velocities and simplified equations are used to calculate erosion rates assuming a uniform distribution of solid particles in the liquid phase in the multiphase flow. Another assumption was that the solid particle velocities are similar to the velocity of the fluids surrounding the particles. As the model is based on the physics of multiphase flow and erosion phenomenon, it is more general than the previous models. The predicted erosion rates obtained by the mechanistic model are compared to experimental data available in the literature showing a reasonably good agreement.

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13

ZITTER, R. N., T. J. CHEN, X. ZHANG, and R. TAO. "FLUID FLOW AND FALLING BALL EXPERIMENTS IN ER FLUIDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 08, no. 20n21 (September 1994): 2823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979294001159.

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The ability of the induced dipole–dipole model to predict various properties of an electrorheological fluid is tested in a series of experiments: the deformation of a single particle chain under fluid flow, the velocity of a falling ball at various electric fields, particle sizes, and concentrations, and flow valves operating at either constant pressure differential or constant flow rate. Analyses of these rather different experimental situations show that with proper application, the induced dipole model can give a fairly accurate description of observed characteristics.

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14

Ajeeb, Wagd, Monica S. A. Oliveira, Nelson Martins, and S. M. Sohel Murshed. "Numerical approach for fluids flow and thermal convection in microchannels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2116, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2116/1/012049.

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Abstract The heat transfer performance of conventional thermal fluids in microchannels is an attractive method for cooling devices such as microelectronic applications. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a very significant research technique in heat transfer studies and validated numerical models of microscale thermal management systems are of utmost importance. In this paper, some literature studies on available numerical and experimental models for single-phase and Newtonian fluids are reviewed and methods to tackle laminar fluid flow through a microchannel are sought. A few case studies are selected, and a numerical simulation is performed to obtain fluid flow behaviour within a microchannel, to test the level of accuracy and understanding of the problem. The numerical results are compared with relevant experimental results from the literature and a proper methodology for numerical investigation of single-phase and Newtonian fluid in laminar flow convection heat transfer in microscale heat exchangers is defined.

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15

Maeyama, Kohei, Shunichi Ishida, and Yohsuke Imai. "Peristaltic transport of a power-law fluid induced by a single wave: A numerical analysis using the cumulant lattice Boltzmann method." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 11 (November 2022): 111911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122182.

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Peristaltic pumping is the primary mechanism of food transport in the human intestine. Intestinal contents are often modeled as power-law fluids with low-behavior indices ( n < 1). Peristaltic flows were studied for periodic contraction waves ([Formula: see text]) with infinitely long wavelengths ([Formula: see text]) in the Stokes flow regime ([Formula: see text]). However, the peristaltic flow generated by an isolated contraction wave with a short wavelength at nonzero Reynolds numbers is more relevant to physiological conditions. In this study, we investigated the peristaltic transport of a power-law fluid with a low behavior index of n = 0.21 at nonzero Reynolds numbers up to Re = 10, generated by a single short contraction wave. First, we investigated the analytical solution for the peristaltic transport of the power-law fluid for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The analytical solution shows that the discharge flow rate of a power-law fluid generated by a single contraction wave is much smaller than that of a Newtonian fluid ( n = 1). Next, we investigated the peristaltic transport for [Formula: see text] 10 using the cumulant lattice Boltzmann method. The numerical results demonstrate that the discharge flow rate for the power-law fluid sharply increased owing to the inertia effect. The power-law fluid induces an asymmetric flow field with respect to the contraction wave at smaller Reynolds numbers than Newtonian fluids. The inertia effect was increased by the sharpness of the contraction wave. These results suggest that intestinal contents can be transported more quickly by an isolated contraction wave with a shorter wavelength when the contents have low consistency indices or when the contraction wave has a large propagation velocity.

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16

ANDERSEN, MORTEN, and MORTEN BRØNS. "Topology of helical fluid flow." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 25, no. 3 (March 17, 2014): 375–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792514000084.

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Considering a coordinate-free formulation of helical symmetry rather than more traditional definitions based on coordinates, we discuss basic properties of helical vector fields and compare results from the literature obtained with other approaches. In particular, we discuss the role of the stream function for the topology of the streamline pattern in incompressible flows. On this basis, we perform a comprehensive study of the topology of the flow field generated by a helical vortex filament in an ideal fluid. The classical expression for the stream function obtained by Hardin (Hardin, J. C. 1982 Phys. Fluids25, 1949–1952) contains an infinite sum of modified Bessel functions. Using the approach by Okulov (Okulov, V. L. 1995 Russ. J.Eng. Thermophys.5, 63–75) we obtain a closed-form approximation which is considerably easier to analyse. Critical points of the stream function can be found from the zeroes of a single real function of one variable, and we show that three different flow topologies can occur, depending on a single dimensionless parameter. By including the self-induced velocity on the vortex filament by a localised induction approximation, the stream function is slightly modified and an extra parameter is introduced. In this setting two new flow topologies arise, but not more than two critical points occur for any combination of parameters.

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17

Ly, Nguyen, Zvi Rusak, and Shixiao Wang. "Swirling flow states of compressible single-phase supercritical fluids in a rotating finite-length straight circular pipe." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 849 (June 21, 2018): 576–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.394.

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Steady states of inviscid, compressible and axisymmetric swirling flows of a single-phase, inert, thermodynamically supercritical fluid in a rotating, finite-length, straight, long circular pipe are studied. The fluid thermodynamic behaviour is modelled by the van der Waals equation of state. A nonlinear partial differential equation for the solution of the flow streamfunction is derived from the fluid equations of motion in terms of the inlet flow specific total enthalpy, specific entropy and circulation functions. This equation reflects the complicated, nonlinear thermo-physical interactions in the flows, specifically when the inlet state temperature and density profiles vary around the critical thermodynamic point, flow compressibility is significant and the inlet swirl ratio is high. Several types of solutions of the resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equation for the axially independent case describe the flow outlet state when the pipe is sufficiently long. The approach is applied to an inlet flow described by a solid-body rotation with uniform profiles of the axial velocity and temperature. The solutions are used to form the bifurcation diagrams of steady compressible flows of real fluids as the inlet swirl level and the centreline inlet density are increased at a fixed inlet Mach number and temperature. Focus is on heavy-molecule fluids with low values of $R/C_{v}$. Computed results provide theoretical predictions of the critical swirl levels for the exchange of stability of the columnar state and for the appearance of non-columnar states and of vortex breakdown states as a function of inlet centreline density. The difference in the dynamical behaviour between that of a calorically perfect gas and of a real gas is explored. The analysis sheds new fundamental light on the complex dynamics of high-Reynolds-number, compressible, subsonic swirling flows of real gases.

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18

Wu, Qing, Ya Chen Zhang, Xue Jun Liu, and Bao An Han. "Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in a New High Efficient Mixer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 251 (December 2012): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.251.226.

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In order to determine proper structural parameters of the new high efficient mixer created by the author, the CFD software is applied to simulate numerically three dimensional incompressible turbulent fields for three static mixing units and the mixing unit with rotating impellor. The static mixing units include three kinds of spiral blades that are single-blade style, three-blade style and four-blade style. Geometric models are built by Pro/ENGINEER and exported to Fluent. The time-mean Reynolds equations and standard turbulent model are applied, and the post-processing software is used to analyze the computational results, and velocity contours and stress contours of mixing fluids in the static mixer will be obtained. The computational results indicate that the direction of outlet velocity of three-blade fluid flow turns more dramatically in comparison with that of single-blade and four-blade fluid flow, and the shearing stress is more remarkable. Because the internal stress of three-blade fluid changes more, the mixing action among fluids is more intensified. All these show three-blade spiral blades have the best mixing effects for local fluids. The rotating impellor mounted between blades can change fluid flow direction and improve the mixing effect for local fluids, which is moved by fluid flow with some velocity.

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19

Poole, R. J. "Three-dimensional viscoelastic instabilities in microchannels." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 870 (May 7, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.260.

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Whereas the flow of simple single-phase Newtonian fluids tends to become more complex as the characteristic length scale in the problem (and hence the Reynolds number) increases, for complex elastic fluids such as dilute polymer solutions the opposite holds true. Thus small-scale, so-called ‘microfluidic’ flows of complex fluids can exhibit rich dynamics in situations where the ‘equivalent’ flow of Newtonian fluids remains linear and predictable. In the recent study of Qin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 864, 2019, R2) of the flow of a dilute polymeric fluid past a $50~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ cylinder (in a $100\times 60~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$ channel), a novel 3-D holographic particle velocimetry technique reveals the underlying complexity of the flow, including inherent three-dimensionality and symmetry breaking as well as strong upstream propagation effects via elastic waves.

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20

SELVAM, B., S. MERK, RAMA GOVINDARAJAN, and E. MEIBURG. "Stability of miscible core–annular flows with viscosity stratification." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 592 (November 14, 2007): 23–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112007008269.

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The linear stability of variable viscosity, miscible core–annular flows is investigated. Consistent with pipe flow of a single fluid, the flow is stable at any Reynolds number when the magnitude of the viscosity ratio is less than a critical value. This is in contrast to the immiscible case without interfacial tension, which is unstable at any viscosity ratio. Beyond the critical value of the viscosity ratio, the flow can be unstable even when the more viscous fluid is in the core. This is in contrast to plane channel flows with finite interface thickness, which are always stabilized relative to single fluid flow when the less viscous fluid is in contact with the wall. If the more viscous fluid occupies the core, the axisymmetric mode usually dominates over the corkscrew mode. It is demonstrated that, for a less viscous core, the corkscrew mode is inviscidly unstable, whereas the axisymmetric mode is unstable for small Reynolds numbers at high Schmidt numbers. For the parameters under consideration, the switchover occurs at an intermediate Schmidt number of about 500. The occurrence of inviscid instability for the corkscrew mode is shown to be consistent with the Rayleigh criterion for pipe flows. In some parameter ranges, the miscible flow is seen to be more unstable than its immiscible counterpart, and the physical reasons for this behaviour are discussed.A detailed parametric study shows that increasing the interface thickness has a uniformly stabilizing effect. The flow is least stable when the interface between the two fluids is located at approximately 0.6 times the tube radius. Unlike for channel flow, there is no sudden change in the stability with radial location of the interface. The instability originates mainly in the less viscous fluid, close to the interface.

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21

Junianto, Endro, and Jooned Hendrarsakti. "A review of single-phase pressure drop characteristics microchannels with bends." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 12, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2021.v12.38-44.

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Microfluidic use in various innovative research, many fields aimed at developing an application device related to handling fluid flows in miniature scale systems. On the other hand, on the use of micro-devices for fluid flow the existence of bends cannot be avoided. This research aims to make a comprehensive study of fluid flow characteristics through a microchannel with several possible bends. This study was conducted by comparing Reynolds number versus pressure drop in a serpentine microchannel to gain bends loss coefficient. The result showed that the fluid flow with Re 100 did not affect the pressure drop, but on the Reynolds number above that, the pressure drop was increased along with the appears of vortices in the outer and inner walls around the channel bends which causes an increase in an additional pressure drop. The other finding shows that the reduction in diameter bend tube can increase the pressure drop.

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22

Biegert, Edward K., Bernhard Vowinckel, Leina Hua, and Eckart Meiburg. "Stress balance for a viscous flow with a single rolling particle." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184004003.

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One of the most important aspects in hydraulic engineering is to describe flows over mobile porous media in a continuum sense to derive models for sediment transport. This remains a challenging task due to the complex coupling of the particle and the fluid phase. Computational Fluid Dynamics can provide the data needed to understand the coupling of the two phases. To this end, we carry out grain-resolving Direct Numerical Simulations of multiphase flow. The particle phase is introduced by the Immersed Boundary Method and the particle-particle interaction is described by a sophisticated Discrete Element Method. We derive the stress budgets of the fluid and the particle phases separately through a rigorous analysis of the governing equations using the Double Averaging Methodology and the Coarse-Graining Method. As a next step, we perform a simple simulation of a heavy particle exposed to a Poiseuille flow rolling along a wall to understand the physical implications of the fluid-particle coupling. All terms of the stress balances can be computed in a straightforward manner allowing to close the budgets for the two phases separately. However, we encounter problems when attempting to combine the fluid-resolved local stresses with the coarse-grained particle stresses into a single balance for the fluid-particle mixture.

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23

Jansen, Jos R. C., Jan J. Schreuder, Jos J. Settels, Lilian Kornet, Olaf C. K. M. Penn, Paul G. H. Mulder, Adrian Versprille, and Karel H. Wesseling. "Single Injection Thermodilution." Anesthesiology 85, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199609000-00006.

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Background Application of the Stewart-Hamilton equation in the thermodilution technique requires flow to be constant. In patients in whom ventilation of the lungs is controlled, flow modulations may occur leading to large errors in the estimation of mean cardiac output. Methods To eliminate these errors, a modified equation was developed. The resulting flow-corrected equation needs an additional measure of the relative changes of blood flow during the period of the dilution curve. Relative flow was computed from the pulmonary artery pressure with use of the pulse contour method. Measurements were obtained in 16 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery. In 11 patients (group A), pulmonary artery pressure was measured with a catheter tip transducer, in a partially overlapping group of 11 patients (group B), it was measured with a fluid-filled system. For reference cardiac output we used the proven method of four uncorrected thermodilution estimates equally spread over the ventilatory cycle. Results A total of 208 cardiac output estimates was obtained in group A, and 228 in group B. In group B, 48 estimates could not be corrected because of insufficient pulmonary artery pressure waveform quality from the fluid-filled system. Individual uncorrected Stewart-Hamilton estimates showed a large variability with respect to their mean. In group A, mean cardiac output was 5.01 l/min with a standard deviation of 0.53 l/min, or 10.6%. After flow correction, this scatter decreased to 5.0% (P < 0.0001). With no bias, the corresponding limits of agreement decreased from +/- 1.06 to +/- 0.5 l/min after flow correction. In group B, the scatter decreased similarly and the limits of agreement also became +/- 0.5 l/min after flow correction. Conclusion It was concluded that a single thermodilution cardiac output estimate using the flow-corrected equation is clinically feasible. This is obtained at the cost of a more complex computation and an extra pressure measurement, which often is already available. With this technique it is possible to reduce the fluid load to the patient considerably.

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24

Tawfeeq, Yahya Jirjees. "Mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of porous media single-phase fluid flow problem: a scientific review." International research journal of engineering, IT & scientific research 6, no. 4 (July 9, 2020): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v6n4.955.

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The complexity of porous media makes the classical methods used to study hydrocarbon reservoirs inaccurate and insufficient to predict the performance and behavior of the reservoir. Recently, fluid flow simulation and modeling used to decrease the risks in the decision of the evaluation of the reservoir and achieve the best possible economic feasibility. This study deals with a brief review of the fundamental equations required to simulate fluid flow through porous media. In this study, we review the derivative of partial differential equations governing the fluid flow through pores media. The physical interpretation of partial differential equations (especially the pressures diffusive nature) and discretization with finite differences are studied. We restricted theoretic research to slightly compressible fluids, single-phase flow through porous media, and these are sufficient to show various typical aspects of subsurface flow numerical simulation. Moreover, only spatial and time discretization with finite differences will be considered. In this study, a mathematical model is formulated to express single-phase fluid flow in a one-dimensional porous medium. The formulated mathematical model is a partial differential equation of pressure change concerning distance and time. Then this mathematical model converted into a numerical model using the finite differences method.

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25

Abdul Hafedh, Thamir. "Fluid Flow In 2-D Single Phase Petroleum Reservoir." JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE 19, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2007.5789.

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26

Tanyeri, Melikhan, and Charles M. Schroeder. "Manipulation and Confinement of Single Particles Using Fluid Flow." Nano Letters 13, no. 6 (May 21, 2013): 2357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl4008437.

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27

CELATA, GIAN PIERO. "Single-Phase Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Micropipes." Heat Transfer Engineering 25, no. 3 (April 2004): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630490280029.

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28

Hanyga, Andrzej. "Two-fluid porous flow in a single temperature approximation." International Journal of Engineering Science 42, no. 13-14 (August 2004): 1521–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2004.04.001.

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29

Cheng, Long, Guan Rong, Jie Yang, and Chuangbing Zhou. "Fluid Flow Through Single Fractures With Directional Shear Dislocations." Transport in Porous Media 118, no. 2 (April 19, 2017): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-017-0861-9.

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30

Colonna, Piero, and Paolo Silva. "Dense Gas Thermodynamic Properties of Single and Multicomponent Fluids for Fluid Dynamics Simulations." Journal of Fluids Engineering 125, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1567306.

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The use of dense gases in many technological fields requires modern fluid dynamic solvers capable of treating the thermodynamic regions where the ideal gas approximation does not apply. Moreover, in some high molecular fluids, nonclassical fluid dynamic effects appearing in those regions could be exploited to obtain more efficient processes. This work presents the procedures for obtaining nonconventional thermodynamic properties needed by up to date computer flow solvers. Complex equations of state for pure fluids and mixtures are treated. Validation of sound speed estimates and calculations of the fundamental derivative of gas dynamics Γ are shown for several fluids and particularly for Siloxanes, a class of fluids that can be used as working media in high-temperature organic Rankine cycles. Some of these fluids have negative Γ regions if thermodynamic properties are calculated with the implemented modified Peng-Robinson thermodynamic model. Results of flow simulations of one-dimensional channel and two-dimensional turbine cascades will be presented in upcoming publications.

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31

El Hassan, Mouhammad, and Nikolay Bukharin. "Numerical investigation of the flow dynamics inside single fluid and binary fluid ejectors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1276 (August 2019): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1276/1/012012.

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32

BECKETT, F. M., H. M. MADER, J. C. PHILLIPS, A. C. RUST, and F. WITHAM. "An experimental study of low-Reynolds-number exchange flow of two Newtonian fluids in a vertical pipe." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 682 (July 28, 2011): 652–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.264.

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We present an experimental study of a buoyancy-driven, low-Reynolds-number (Re < 1) exchange flow of two Newtonian fluids in a vertical cylindrical pipe (length 1 m and diameter 38.4 mm) connecting two fluid reservoirs. The denser, more viscous fluid was golden syrup and the less dense, less viscous fluid was a golden syrup–water solution; the ratio of the viscosities of the two fluids (β) ranged from 2 to 1180. Flows were initiated by removing a bung in the base of the upper reservoir or sliding out a gate positioned at the top, middle or bottom of the pipe. We observe the flows over long time durations (up to 356 h), and define the development of the flow with reference to a non-dimensional time (τ). The initial transient development of the flow was dependent on which of the two fluids initially filled the pipe, but this did not systematically affect the flow regime observed at τ ≫ 1. Two distinct flow regimes were observed: axisymmetric core-annular flow (CAF), in which the less viscous fluid occupies a cylindrical core and the denser fluid flows downwards in an annulus, and side-by-side (SBS) flow where both fluids are in contact with the pipe and there is a single interface between them. CAF formed at β ≥ 75 and SBS flow at β ≤ 117. In several experiments, for 5 ≤ β ≤ 59, a slowly developing transitional SBS (TSBS) flow was observed where SBS flow and CAF occurred simultaneously with SBS in the lower portion of the pipe; SBS existed throughout most of the pipe and in one case grew with time to entirely fill the pipe. Velocity profiles determined by tracking tracer particles show that the observed CAFs are adequately described by the formulation of Huppert & Hallworth (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 578, 2007, pp. 95–112). Experimental SBS velocity profiles are not well produced by the formulation of Kerswell (J. Fluid Mech., 10.1017/jfm.2011.190), possibly because the latter is restricted to flows whose cross-section has an interface of constant curvature. Despite the variations in flow regime, volume fluxes can be described by a power-law function of β, Q1 = 0.059 β−0.74. A comparison of experimental data with the theoretical approaches of Huppert Hallworth (2007) and Kerswell (2011) indicates that fluids are not arranged in the regime that maximises volume flux (e.g. SBS or CAF), nor do they adopt the geometry that maximises volume flux within that particular regime.

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33

Holloway, Kristi E., and John R. de Bruyn. "Viscous fingering with a single fluid." Canadian Journal of Physics 83, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p05-024.

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We study fingering that occurs when hot glycerine displaces cooler, more viscous glycerine in a radial Hele-Shaw cell. We find that fingering occurs for a sufficiently large initial viscosity contrast and for sufficiently high flow rates of the displacing fluid. The wavelength of the fingering instability is proportional to the cell width for thin cells, but the ratio of wavelength to cell width decreases for our thickest cell. Similar fingering is seen in numerical simulations of this system.PACS Nos.: 47.54.+r, 68.15.+e, 47.20.k

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34

Khan, Masood, and Azeem Shahzad. "Falkner–Skan Boundary Layer Flow of a Sisko Fluid." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 67, no. 8-9 (September 1, 2012): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/zna.2012-0049.

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In this paper, we investigate the steady boundary layer flow of a non-Newtonian fluid, represented by a Sisko fluid, over a wedge in a moving fluid. The equations of motion are derived for boundary layer flow of an incompressible Sisko fluid using appropriate similarity variables. The governing equations are reduced to a single third-order highly nonlinear ordinary differential equation in the dimensionless stream function, which is then solved analytically using the homotopy analysis method. Some important parameters have been discussed by this study, which include the power law index n, the material parameter A, the wedge shape factor b, and the skin friction coefficient Cf. A comprehensive study is made between the results of the Sisko and the power-law fluids.

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35

Liu, Tong, Shiming Zhang, and Moran Wang. "Does Rheology of Bingham Fluid Influence Upscaling of Flow through Tight Porous Media?" Energies 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030680.

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Non-Newtonian fluids may cause nonlinear seepage even for a single-phase flow. Through digital rock technologies, the upscaling of this non-Darcy flow can be studied; however, the requirements for scanning resolution and sample size need to be clarified very carefully. This work focuses on Bingham fluid flow in tight porous media by a pore-scale simulation on CT-scanned microstructures of tight sandstones. A bi-viscous model is used to depict the Bingham fluid. The results show that when the Bingham fluid flows through a rock sample, the flowrate increases at a parabolic rate when the pressure gradient is small and then increases linearly with the pressure gradient. As a result, an effective permeability and a start-up pressure gradient can be used to characterize this flow behavior. By conducting flow simulations at varying sample sizes, we obtain the representative element volume (REV) for effective permeability and start-up pressure gradient. It is found that the REV size for the effective permeability is almost the same as that for the absolute permeability of Newtonian fluid. The interesting result is that the REV size for the start-up pressure gradient is much smaller than that for the effective permeability. The results imply that the sample size, which is large enough to reach the REV size for Newtonian fluids, can be used to investigate the Bingham fluids flow through porous media as well.

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36

Mutasim, Muhammad Ammar Nik, Nasir Ali, M. S. Idris, and Ahmed N. Oumer. "Numerical and Qualitative Analysis of a Single Particle Behavior in a Shear Driven Flow in Equilateral Triangular Cavity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 557–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.557.

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Intesive research works have been done on solid particle flows for the past decades. However, prediction of accurate relationship between the particle and the surrounding fluid is still challenging. This study focuses on the experimental and numerical study of behavior of a particle flow in a lid-driven cavity of equilateral triangular shape. Numerical analysis was done using Finite Difference Method (FDM) with stream function vorticity approach. The center location of the fluid flow was treated assumed to be the particle motion. To check the validaty of the numerical results, experiment was done. The particle and fluid used for the experiment were water and silk, respectively. The particle is considered to be slightly buoyant towards water. In the experiment the fluid flow was based on horizontal translating motion where the particle was initially at rest at the bottom wall of the cavity. The fluid flow speed is set to laminar flow with Reynolds Number, Re = 0 to 1000. It was found that the silk particle moved to the preferential path of the primary vortex at equivalent time of 13 seconds. Generally, the experimetal and numerical results for the streamlines were in good agreement.

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37

Wang, Baojin, Zhongyang Wang, Liuci Wang, and Pengyu Sun. "Effect of Annular Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow on Dynamic Characteristics of Drill String." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 11, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9976164.

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Natural gas hydrate (NGH) is a kind of new type green energy source with giant reserves which has been thought of highly by energy explorers in the world. However, NGH breaks down to produce some natural gas that enters the annulus and flows together with the drilling fluid. The gas-liquid two-phase flow can have an impact on the work of the drill string. Therefore, it is important to study gas-liquid two-phase flow in the annulus on the dynamic characteristics of the drill string. In this article, taking a single drill string as the research object, a fluid-structure coupled finite element mathematical model of two-phase flow in the annulus and drill string is established based on computational fluid dynamics and computational structural dynamics theory. The finite element numerical simulation method is used to analyze the influence of drilling fluid and natural gas in the annulus on the dynamic characteristics of the drill string. The simulation analysis shows the following: (1) The motion of drilling fluid or natural gas in the annulus will reduce the natural frequency of the drill string, and the drilling fluid has a greater impact on the natural frequency of the drill string. (2) When single-phase drilling fluid flows in the annulus, the displacement peak in different directions, maximum equivalent stress, and strain of the drill string increase with the increase of the drilling fluid flow velocity or pressure, and the drilling fluid pressure has a more significant effect. (3) When the gas-liquid two-phase fluid flows in the annulus, the displacement peak, maximum equivalent stress, velocity amplitude, and acceleration amplitude of the drill string all increase with the natural gas flow velocity and natural gas content increase, and the natural gas flow velocity has a more significant effect.

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38

MÄHLMANN, STEFAN, and DEMETRIOS T. PAPAGEORGIOU. "Interfacial instability in electrified plane Couette flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 666 (January 6, 2011): 155–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010004155.

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The dynamics of a plane interface separating two sheared, density and viscosity matched fluids in the vertical gap between parallel plate electrodes are studied computationally. A Couette profile is imposed onto the fluids by moving the rigid plates at equal speeds in opposite directions. In addition, a vertical electric field is applied to the shear flow by impressing a constant voltage difference on the electrodes. The stability of the initially flat interface is a very subtle balance between surface tension, inertia, viscosity and electric field effects. Under unstable conditions, the potential difference in the fluid results in an electrostatic pressure that amplifies disturbance waves on the two-fluid interface at characteristic wave lengths. Various mechanisms determining the growth rate of the most unstable mode are addressed in a systematic parameter study. The applied methodology involves a combination of numerical simulation and analytical work. Linear stability theory is employed to identify unstable parametric conditions of the perturbed Couette flow. Particular attention is given to the effect of the applied electric field on the instability of the perturbed two-fluid interface. The normal mode analyses are followed up by numerical simulations. The applied method relies on solving the governing equations for the fluid mechanics and the electrostatics in a one-fluid approximation by using a finite-volume technique combined with explicit tracking of the evolving interface. The numerical results confirm those of linear theory and, furthermore, reveal a rich array of dynamical behaviour. The elementary fluid instabilities are finger-like structures of interpenetrating fluids. For weakly unstable situations a single fingering instability emerges on the interface. Increasing the growth rates causes the finger to form a drop-like tip region connected by a long thinning fluids neck. Even more striking fluid motion occurs at higher values of the electric field parameter for which multiple fluid branches develop on the interface. For a pair of perfect dielectrics the vertical electric field was found to enhance interfacial motion irrespective of the permittivity ratio, while in leaky dielectrics the electric field can either stabilize or destabilize the interface, depending on the conductivity and permittivity ratio between the fluids.

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39

Guo, Bao Hua, and Cai Xia Tian. "Research Advance in Fluid Flow through a Single Rock Fracture." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.628.

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Flow properties through a single rock fracture are the foundation of researching fluid flow in fractured rock masses. Many researchers at home and abroad are engaging in this subject for the urgent need of engineering practice. This article mainly introduces concepts of roughness, aperture, tortuosity, channeling flow, and influencing factors of stress, temperature, anisotropic, inlet head, scale effect, solution etc. Finally, some research work should be done in future are given.

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40

Sadikin, Azmahani, and Norasikin Mat Isa. "Flow Separation Prediction in a Single-Phase Flow in an Inline Tube Bundles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.608.

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The vertical single-phase flow was studied on the shell side of a horizontal tube bundle. In the present study, CFX version 14.0 from ANSYS was used to predict the flow regimes in the two tube bundles; i.e. the 19 mm and 38 mm arranged in an in-line configuration with a pitch to diameter ratio of 1.32. The simulations were undertaken to inform on how the fluid flowed within the tube passages in different tube bundle diameter that gives different gaps between the tubes, where the fluid must pass. The results show that the maximum gaps between the tubes have no clear effect to the flow where the flow separation and re-attachment and the average velocity is the same when increasing the tube bundle. This is consistent with other published data.

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41

Man, Jia, Luming Man, Chenchen Zhou, Jianyong Li, Shuaishuai Liang, Song Zhang, and Jianfeng Li. "A Facile Single-Phase-Fluid-Driven Bubble Microfluidic Generator for Potential Detection of Viruses Suspended in Air." Biosensors 12, no. 5 (May 3, 2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12050294.

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Microfluidics devices have widely been employed to prepare monodispersed microbubbles/droplets, which have promising applications in biomedical engineering, biosensor detection, drug delivery, etc. However, the current reported microfluidic devices need to control at least two-phase fluids to make microbubbles/droplets. Additionally, it seems to be difficult to make monodispersed microbubbles from the ambient air using currently reported microfluidic structures. Here, we present a facile approach to making monodispersed microbubbles directly from the ambient air by driving single-phase fluid. The reported single-phase-fluid microfluidic (SPFM) device has a typical co-flow structure, while the adjacent space between the injection tube and the collection tube is open to the air. The flow condition inside the SPFM device was systematically studied. By adjusting the flow rate of the single-phase fluid, bubbles were generated, the sizes of which could be tuned precisely. This facile bubble generator may have significant potential as a detection sensor in detecting viruses in spread droplets or haze particles in ambient air.

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42

ITO, Atsushi, Jesús J. RAMOS, and Noriyoshi NAKAJIMA. "High-Beta Axisymmetric Equilibria with Flow in Reduced Single-Fluid and Two-Fluid Models." Plasma and Fusion Research 3 (2008): 034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/pfr.3.034.

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43

Campbell, G. A., P. A. Sweeney, N. Dontula, and Ch Wang. "Frame Indifference: Fluid Flow in Single Screw Pumps and Extruders." International Polymer Processing 11, no. 3 (September 1996): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.960199.

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44

Brown, Stephen, Arvind Caprihan, and Robert Hardy. "Experimental observation of fluid flow channels in a single fracture." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 103, B3 (March 10, 1998): 5125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97jb03542.

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45

Mansfield, P., and M. Bencsik. "Stochastic effects on single phase fluid flow in porous media." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 19, no. 3-4 (April 2001): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0730-725x(01)00245-4.

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46

Mehmani, Yashar, and Hamdi A. Tchelepi. "Multiscale computation of pore-scale fluid dynamics: Single-phase flow." Journal of Computational Physics 375 (December 2018): 1469–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2018.08.045.

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47

Vivès, Ch, and R. Ricou. "Fluid flow phenomena in a single phase coreless induction furnace." Metallurgical Transactions B 16, no. 2 (June 1985): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02679714.

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48

Dykas, Sławomir, and Włodzimierz Wróblewski. "Single- and two-fluid models for steam condensing flow modeling." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 37, no. 9 (November 2011): 1245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2011.05.008.

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49

Pouya, Shahram, Manoochehr Koochesfahani, Preston Snee, Moungi Bawendi, and Daniel Nocera. "Single quantum dot (QD) imaging of fluid flow near surfaces." Experiments in Fluids 39, no. 4 (July 29, 2005): 784–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0004-x.

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50

Madison, J., J. Spowart, D. Rowenhorst, L. K. Aagesen, K. Thornton, and T. M. Pollock. "Modeling fluid flow in three-dimensional single crystal dendritic structures." Acta Materialia 58, no. 8 (May 2010): 2864–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2010.01.014.

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