Дисертації: "Single experimental design"

1

Daborn, Cathryn Elizabeth. "The effect of a sustained upper limb neuroprovacation test on median nerve conduction and the role of neuroprovocation techniques in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251633.

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2

Baldwin, Metzger Kirsten Anne. "Experimental Verification of a New Single Plate Shear Connection Design Model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32576.

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Single plate shear connections are designed to have sufficient strength to resist the shear force and moment transferred from the beam. The connections must also provide sufficient ductility to allow the beam end to rotate freely. In the United States the current recommended design method is found in the AISC 13th Edition Steel Construction Manual (2005b). The limited experimental work which led to the current method necessitated additional single plate shear connection investigations. This paper summarizes the results and analysis of eight full scale single plate shear connections tested at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. The test setup consisted of a test beam attached to a test column with a single plate shear connection at one end and supported by a roller at the other end. The single plate was welded to the column flange and bolted to the beam web. Load was applied to the test beam at third points until failure of the connection or test beam. The current design method used in the United States was examined with respect to the connection tests performed. In particular, the ultimate shear strength and the rotational capacity were investigated. Suggestions are made regarding changes to the method and further research.
Master of Science

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3

Moyle, Charmain Larnay. "Verb-focused language intervention for late talkers: a single-subject experimental design." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10061.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine whether a verb-focused language intervention was effective in increasing children’s verb-vocabulary. In particular, this study investigated whether the treatment resulted in changes to children’s production of target words compared to control words for children who are late talkers. Method: The study utilised a single-subject, multiple baseline across behaviours design. Four children, aged 26-to-39 months who exhibited delayed expressive language development participated in the study. At the beginning of the study, all children had poor expressive language performance indicated by a mean length of utterance two standard deviations below the mean expected for their age and limited vocabulary measured by the New Zealand Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences. New verb-vocabulary items were randomly assigned to intervention and untreated control conditions and probed at regular intervals over a period of eight weeks. Results: All the participants showed increased use of the target verbs compared to the control verbs during the intervention and post-intervention phase. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a verb-focused language intervention was effective in increasing the verb-vocabulary of late talkers. Further research is warranted to determine whether similar results can be found with a larger cohort and whether these gains are sustained over time.

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4

Aerts, Xing Qin. "Time Series Data Analysis of Single Subject Experimental Designs Using Bayesian Estimation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804882/.

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This study presents a set of data analysis approaches for single subject designs (SSDs). The primary purpose is to establish a series of statistical models to supplement visual analysis in single subject research using Bayesian estimation. Linear modeling approach has been used to study level and trend changes. I propose an alternate approach that treats the phase change-point between the baseline and intervention conditions as an unknown parameter. Similar to some existing approaches, the models take into account changes in slopes and intercepts in the presence of serial dependency. The Bayesian procedure used to estimate the parameters and analyze the data is described. Researchers use a variety of statistical analysis methods to analyze different single subject research designs. This dissertation presents a series of statistical models to model data from various conditions: the baseline phase, A-B design, A-B-A-B design, multiple baseline design, alternating treatments design, and changing criterion design. The change-point evaluation method can provide additional confirmation of causal effect of the treatment on target behavior. Software codes are provided as supplemental materials in the appendices. The applicability for the analyses is demonstrated using five examples from the SSD literature.

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5

Harrington, Lindsey A. "Acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents| An experimental single case multiple probe design." Thesis, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10112016.

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Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been shown to be an effective alternative therapeutic approach for adults of various presenting problems as well as those with whom traditional forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy have been futile (Asmundson & Hadjstavropolous, 2006; Bach & Hayes, 2002; Clarke, Kingston, James, Bolderston & Remington, 2014; Dimidjian, Hollon, Dobson, Schmaling, Kohlenberg et al., 2006; Martell, Addis, & Dimidjian, 2004). Recently, researchers and theorists have posited about the application of ACT with youth, however, little research has been conducted utilizing quantitative measures of change in psychological flexibility. This article presents a single-subject multiple probe experimental design of ACT adapted for application to adolescents. This study compared outcomes of two therapeutic approaches, ACT modified for adolescents and Treatment as Usual, by assessing changes in values (PVQ II; Blackledge, Ciarrochi, & Bailey, 2005), acceptance (CAMM; Greco & Baer, 2006), defusion (AFQ-Y; Greco, Murrell, & Coyne, 2005), committed action (diary card and direct behavioral observation), and quality of life (YQOL-R; Edwards, Hueber, Connell, & Patrick, 2002). Behavioral changes as observed by parent and teacher report (BASC-2; Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2004) were assessed at both pre- and post-intervention to provide an objective measure. By the end of treatment, the ACT participant showed a significant decrease in internalizing problems compared to the TAU participant, indicating improvements in psychological flexibility. Change in isolated ACT processes was non-significant between participants. Findings provide evidence supporting previous research suggesting that ACT can be successfully adapted to and may improve the psychological flexibility of adolescents.

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6

Amin, Jennifer, and Sanna Forslund. "Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: A Single CaseExperimental Design." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73356.

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7

Smart, Jason Vincent. "Capacity Resistance and Performance of Single-Shear Bolted and Nailed Connections: An Experimental Investigation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30863.

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The experimental study reported upon in this thesis focused on the development of physical data characterizing the behavior of single-shear, laterally-loaded connections when loaded up to and beyond capacity (i.e., maximum resistance). Specimens included a wide array of connection configurations common in wood construction. All connections were tested monotonically in tension under displacement-controlled loading, parallel to the grain. Results of these tests are presented and discussed. Test variables of nailed connections included nail diameter, side member material type, and side member thickness. Test variables of bolted connections included bolt diameter, commercial species grouping of the main and side members, and main member thickness. Conclusions drawn from this research include mechanics-based explanations of numerous connection response trends observed with respect to test variables. Additionally, observed factors of safety and over-strengths of current design values are quantified on a capacity-basis.
Master of Science

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8

Cali, Serdal. "An Experimental Study On Single Crystal Diamond Turning Of Optical Quality Silicon." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609235/index.pdf.

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Silicon is commonly used in infrared (IR) imaging systems. The surface quality is an important issue in optics manufacturing since surface roughness affects optical performance of imaging systems. Surface quality of an optical component is determined by number of factor, including cutting parameters
cutting speed, depth of cut and feed in radial direction. In this thesis, an experimental study has been performed to investigate the relation between cutting parameters and average roughness of the surface of silicon. In the experiments, silicon specimens, which have a diameter of 50 mm, were face turned by using a 2-axis CNC single point diamond turning machine. The specimens were machined by using either constant spindle speed or constant cutting speed. Two different tools with rake angles of -15 degrees and -25 degrees were used. The attained surfaces were measured by using a white light interferometer, which has a resolution of 0.1nm. The experiments were designed according to the factorial design method, considering cutting parameters. The effects of cutting parameters and tool rake angles on surface quality of silicon were observed. The best average surface roughness obtained was about 1 nm which is quite better than the acceptable average surface roughness level of 25 nm.

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9

Azadi, Nammam Ali. "A Bayesian approach to modeling excitability and experimental design of binary response single motor units." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654553.

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Threshold tacking studies involve studying the excitability of a motor unit (MU), the fundamental physiological unit of our motor system. The excitability property of a MU can be parameterised by its threshold and a range of stimulus intensities over which a MU shows a stochastic behaviour. Statistical methods are seldom used for this purpose and judgments are subjective. Two main interests in threshold tracking studies are i) A novel approach that makes it possible to obtain reliable estimation of the MU's excitability parameters, and ii) The efficient use of the available resources. The aim is to cover both goals. The efficiency of both classical and Bayesian approaches for estimation MU's parameters is discussed. A MU exhibits binary responses to given stimulus voltages. This makes the generalised linear models (GLMs) a standard approach to model its behaviour. The standard issue with experimental design for GLMs is the dependency of the design to the unknown model parameters. The need for optimal initial design points is another challenge faces the experimenters. We develop a sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) approach for Bayesian analysis of experimental design for binary response data that selects design point based on an online manne via minimising an expected loss. We will apply this loss function to the estimates of target quantiles from the stimulus-response curve. Through simulation we show our approach is more efficient than the existing sequential design approaches; Wu's improved Robins-Monro, generalised polya urn (GPU) based models, and 2-point design that uses D-optimality criterion. By reducing up to more than halve the length of the threshold tracking experiments, our approach uses priors on unknown parameters to tackle the dependency to the design to unknown parameters. Regardless of how to initialise the our sequential approach, its efficiency is also independent of initial design points.

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10

McGoldrick, Claire. "MindMate : a single case experimental design study of a reminder system for people with dementia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8400/.

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Background: Prospective memory difficulties are commonly reported in people with dementia. The evidence supporting the use of prospective memory devices among the dementia population remains limited. MindMate is a recently developed smart device application that aims to support individuals with a diagnosis of dementia, improving self-management skills and quality of life. Aims: This study investigated the effectiveness and usability of the reminder tool on the MindMate application as a memory aid. Method: Three participants with a diagnosis of mild Alzheimer’s disease were recruited to this multiple baseline single case experimental design study. Partners of the participants recorded their performance on everyday tasks on weekly monitoring forms during a baseline phase (for between five and seven weeks) and during the intervention phase (five weeks) whilst using MindMate. Results: Two participants successfully used the app throughout the intervention weeks and gave positive usability ratings. Tau-U analysis showed a significant increase in memory performance between baseline and intervention phase (Tau-U = 1, 0.94, p < 0.01). A third participant withdrew from the intervention phase following difficulties turning off the reminders and frustrations with the reminder alert sound. Conclusions: The use of the MindMate app was feasible for people with dementia in the community. It was effective compared to practice as usual, with participants reporting intentions to use in the future. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.

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11

Jagani, Jakin Nitinkumar. "Design of Percutaneous Dual Propeller Pump to assist Patients with Single Functional Ventricle." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82667.

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Various congenital heart defects (CHDs) are characterized by the existence of a single functional ventricle, which perfuses both the systemic and pulmonary circulation in parallel. A three-stage palliation procedure, including the final Fontan Completion, is often adopted by surgeons to treat patients with such CHDs. However, the most common outcome of this surgery, an extra-cardiac total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC), formed by suturing the inferior vena cava (IVC) and superior vena cava (SVC) to the pulmonary arteries (PAs), results in non-physiological flow conditions, systemic venous hypertension, reduced cardiac output, and pressure losses, which ultimately calls for a heart transplantation. A modest pressure rise of 5-6 mm Hg would correct the abnormal flow dynamics in these patients. To achieve this, a novel conceptual design of a percutaneous dual propeller pump inserted and mounted inside the TCPC is developed and studied. The designed blood pump is percutaneously inserted via the Femoral vein and deployed at the center of Total Cavopulmonary Connection (TCPC). The two propellers, each placed in the Superior Vena Cava (SVC) and the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) are connected by a single shaft and motor, and thus rotate at same speed. The device is supported with the help of a self-expanding stent which would be anchored to the walls of the IVC and the SVC. An inverse design methodology implementing Blade Element Momentum theory and Goldstein's radial momentum loss theory was employed to generate the blade profiles for the studied propeller pumps. The propeller blade profiles generated from the inverse design optimization code were examined for hydraulic performance, blood flow pattern and potential for hemolysis inside the TCPC using 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The Lagrangian particle tracking approach in conjunction with a non-linear mathematical power law model was used for predicting the blood damage potential of the analysed blood pump designs by calculating the scalar shear stress history sustained by the red blood cells (RBC). The study demonstrated that the IVC and SVC propeller pumps could provide a pressure rise of 1-20 mm Hg at flow rates ranging from 0.5 to 5 lpm while rotating at speeds of 6,000-12,000 rpm. Moreover, the average Blood Damage Index (BDI), quantifying the level of blood trauma sustained by the RBCs for the analyzed propeller pump designs, was found to be around 3e-04% to 4e-04% which is within the acceptable limits for an axial flow heart assist device. Thus, such a dual propeller blood pump configuration could potentially provide assistance to Fontan patients by unloading the single functional ventricle thereby acting as a bridge to transplantation and recovery until a donor heart is available.
Master of Science

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12

Gybrant, Gustav, and Pegita Seyedi. "KBT-I FÖR DEPRESSION : Är Kognitiv Beteendeterapi för Insomni (KBT-I) en effektiv behandling för depression – vid samtidig förekomst av insomni?" Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-33730.

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Depression och insomni är två vanliga former av psykisk ohälsa. I den här studien undersöktes om en bevisat effektiv behandling för insomni, (KBT-I), påverkade grad av depressiva symtom hos personer med konstaterade symtom på såväl depression som insomni. I studien kontrollerades för en minskning av nedstämdhet kunde tillskrivas en ökad fysisk aktivitetsnivå. En single case experimental design användes för ändamålet, med dagliga skattningar av sömn, nedstämdhet och fysisk aktivitetsnivå. Symtom på såväl insomi som nedstämdhet minskade signifikant hos tre av sex deltagare. Minskad nedstämdhet kunde inte förklaras av ökad fysisk aktivitetsnivå. Samvariation observerades mellan depression och insomni. Resultaten visar att insomni och depression kan påverkas av samma behandling, vilket antyder förekomst av gemensamma vidmakthållande mekanismer.
Insomnia and depression are two common mental health problems. This study investigated whether a proven effective treatment for insomnia CBT-I, would change the severity of depressive symptoms, for participants with comorbid insomnia and depression. It was controlled for, whether a reduction in depressive symptoms could be the result of increased physical activity. A single case experimental design, including daily measurements of sleep, depression and physical activity, was used as a means to answer the research questions. Symptoms of both depression and insomnia were significantly reduced for three out of six participants. Increased physical activity was not able to explain the decrease in depression scores. A correlation was observed, between depression and insomnia. The results shows that insomnia and depression can be affected by the same treatment, which implies existence of common perpetual mechanisms.

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13

Seemann, Patrick. "Design of 120cc Single Cylinder Experimental Engine for Analysis of Intake Swirl and Multiple Ignition Sites." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/219.

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The intent of this thesis is to design, build, and test a cylinder head with variable swirl and ignition sites. The design aspect used Solid Works Floworks to model airflow within the head and cylinder. Swirl rate and volumetric flow rate were calculated from the results. Many design iterations took place before a suitable design was accomplished. Once the suitable design was reached, it was built using the rapid prototyping method known as 3-D printing (Fused Deposition Modeling). Valve guides and seats were installed in the head. Then valves, springs, and retainers were installed to allow for testing. The inlet was created using stereo-lithography due to its smooth surface finish and thin walls. A pin wheel swirl measuring device was built to measure tangential rotation rate of gasses in the cylinder. The experimental head was tested on the University of Miami flow bench in the Internal Combustion Engines Laboratory. The results of the experimental work and theoretical modeling were compared. The results matched closely. The difference between experimental and theoretical values for high swirl flow rates were less than 3% error and the swirl ratio was less than 10%. For the low swirl scenario, error was less than 30%. The measured flow rate for the high swirl scenario was 28.87 CFM and the swirl ratio was measured as 2.87. SolidWorks Floworks created accurate results for the high swirl scenario and further experimentation should be conducted for different geometries.

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14

Noor, Alias Bin Mohd. "An experimental and theoretical investigation of the design of single entry radial inflow turbocharger turbine volutes." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235566.

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15

Lastra, Juan Carlos. "Single-subject experimental design using melodic intonation therapy with an adult Hispanic male a case study /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

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16

Kovacs, Nicolette. "TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD APRAXIA OF SPEECH: A SINGLE-CASE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN STUDY OF INTENSITY OF TREATMENT." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/462591.

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Communication Sciences
M.A.
Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) is a pediatric motor-speech disorder which has been controversial due to its difficulty to diagnose and little progress in treatment. The purpose of the present study was to examine a principle of motor learning (PML) within the context of an evidence-based treatment for this disorder, as a way to improve outcomes for children with CAS. In particular, this study examines the role of intensity, specifically, massed versus distributed practice, when treating CAS using a modified form of Dynamic Temporal Tactile Cueing (DTTC; Strand et al., 2006). Two participants with CAS between the ages of 5 and 11 received massed and distributed practice on individualized targets in an single-case alternating treatments design with multiple baselines. Accuracy of speech targets on probe tasks was judged by blinded listeners. Results were interpreted through inspection of graphs and calculation of effect sizes. The results of the study showed that massed practice had a marginal benefit over distributed practice. Implications from this study suggest the importance of continued research examining the role of PML in CAS treatment and the value of using a massed-treatment approach when treating CAS.
Temple University--Theses

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17

Eriksson, Hugo, and Jakob Engström. "Promenaders effekt på studiemotivation och koncentrationsförmåga under eftermiddagsstudier hos gymnasieelever - en studie med single case experimental design." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysioterapi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384147.

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Abstract Background/problem: That physical activity (PA) is important for good health and high quality of life is well known. PA also increases a person’s executive functions, ability to concentrate, solve problems and to learn. High school students (HSS) that lack motivation lose focus and are overrepresented as high school dropouts. Aim: The aim was to examine the effects of a 20-minute walk, during lunch break, on HSS self-rated motivation and concentration during after-lunch-studies. Method: The study had a multiple baseline single subject design. Six HSS estimated their motivation and concentration for “after-lunch-studies” for 20 school days. They also estimated their sleep quality, sleep time and how well rested they were when they woke up. During the intervention-phase they performed a 20 min walk on the lunch-break. The length of the baseline and the intervention varied between 5-10 days. Results: No differences were found for the participants when comparing the results from the first and second control period and the intervention period. Conclusion: No effect on motivation and concentration was found in this study. A different design with more subjects and different exercise intensity might be better suited to evaluate the effects of physical activity on HSS motivation and concentration.

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18

Gates, Emily K. "New incentives to change modes : an experimental design to reduce single-occupant vehicle commuting in Kendall Square." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99585.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 153-159).
This thesis examines and suggests modifications to the design of employer commuter benefit programs to reduce single-occupancy vehicle commuting in areas served by transit with a focus on Kendall Square and MIT in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Sustainable transportation incentive programs for employers can be mutually beneficial for employees, employers, transit agencies, and cities if the options are offered in a manner that is simple to implement and maintain, flexible for employees, and cost little relative to the benefits provided to the employer. Employers are motivated to offer competitive benefits to attract employees while keeping their parking and overhead costs low. Cities wish to reduce road congestion and promote a business-friendly atmosphere in order to increase economic growth. Transit agencies (like the MBTA) want to increase revenue and expand ridership. Employees wish to spend less time and/or money commuting to work. This research provides a baseline analysis of current commuting behavior for large employers in Cambridge, MA as well as an analysis of current Transportation Demand Management (TDM) techniques used nationwide and in Cambridge to provide incentives to promote behavior change. After examining the results of the previous employee MIT/MBTA Mobility Pass Pilot experiment, several implementation scenarios are proposed for an expanded experiment at MIT. The thesis provides the design for a tool to track the impacts of commuter benefit changes at the individual and employer level, as well as present a series of potential commuter benefits and their expected effects on mode share for large employers in an urban environment. Using financial and social "nudges" to promote behavior change, the recommended incentives include an expanded universal transit pass, parking cash-out, daily parking charges, Walk or Bike to Work events, cash prize lotteries and a commuter dashboard with gamification elements to show employees their commuting behavior over time and keep them interested in alternative commutes over the long-run. By making transit, walking and bicycling the zero marginal cost choice while charging for parking and offering prizes for more sustainable commuting, employers, cities and individuals can reduce the demand for already limited parking spaces in an urban environment, live more sustainably, and reduce the need to build new parking infrastructure in the future. Federal law allows commuter benefits, including transit and bicycling, to be treated as 'pre-tax,' which provides significant financial incentive to support these initiatives.
by Emily K. Gates.
S.M. in Transportation

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19

Sivertsson, Elisabet. "Effekten av en kortisoninjektion i bäckenligamenten på personer med långvarig ländryggssmärta : en studie enligt single-subject experimental design." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-3839.

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Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien var att undersöka effekten av en kortisoninjektion i bäckenligamenten på patienter med långvarig ländryggssmärta. Metod Studien genomfördes utifrån en single-subject experimental design med sex deltagare med långvarig ländryggssmärta. De utfallsmått som användes var smärtskattning (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS), skattad smärtrelaterad aktivitetsbegränsning (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI), skattad rörelserädsla (Tampa scale of kinesiophobia, TSK-SV), rörlighet (Fingertip-to-floor), funktion genom ett dynamiskt balanstest (Star excursion balance test, SEBT), funktionstest (sit-to-stand) och uthållighetsstyrketest (modifierat Biering- Sørensen), samt fysisk aktivitetsnivå mätt med accelerometermätare. Deltagarna genomförde fem testtillfällen innan och fem eller sex testtillfällen efter intervention. Vid sista besöket skattade deltagarna förändring av besvär enligt global index of change. Resultaten analyserades på individnivå genom visuell analys av trender och nivåskillnader i grafer, statistisk analys av graferna genom 2 SD-metoden, i kombination med deltagarnas subjektiva beskrivningar av eventuell förändring. Accelerometermätningarna bearbetades genom upparbetad rutin centralt på GIH. Resultat Av sex deltagare, skattade sig fyra som ”något förbättrade” enligt Global index of change, av dessa uppvisade i synnerhet tre förbättrade värden på någon/några av funktionstesterna samt skattade något lägre på ODI och TSK-SV. Inga tydligt förändrade värden visades när det gäller smärtskattning eller rörlighet. De två deltagare som skattade ”oförändrade” besvär, uppvisade i vissa tester sämre resultat efter intervention. Slutsats Det går inte att dra några starka slutsatser av studien, bla utifrån att den valda designen inte möjliggör generalisering. Studien visade dock att en kortisoninjektion kan ha effekt på muskelfunktion och upplevd generell förbättring för vissa patienter med långvarig ländryggssmärta. Den indikerar även att effekten kan minska/utebli vid en mer generaliserad smärtproblematik. Fler studier behövs för att bekräfta dessa fynd.
Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of one steroid injection to ligaments in the pelvis on patients with chronic low back pain. Method Six patients with chronic low back pain were studied in a single-subject experimental design. Outcome measures were self-rated pain (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS), self-rated pain related functional limitations (Oswestry Disability index, ODI), self-rated kinesiophobia (Tampa scale of kinesiophobia, TSK-SV) and flexibility (Fingertip-to-floor). Function was measured through a dynamic balance test (SEBT), a functional test (sit-to-stand) and an endurance test (modified Biering- Sørensen). The daily physical activity was measured through movement registration with an accelerometer. The subjects were tested five times before and five to six times after the intervention. At the last visit they rated the overall change on a Global index of change. The results were analysed at an individual level by visual analyses of differences in trends and levels in graphs, statistical analysis via the 2 SD- method, together with the subjects’ description of possible change. The registration from the accelerometers was processed and analysed by a standard procedure at the GIH administration. Result Four out of six subjects rated themselves as "slightly improved" on the scale Global index of change and especially three of them showed better results on the functional tests, and rated slightly lower on the ODI and TSK-SV. No clear changes were shown for the self-rated pain and flexibility. Two subjects rated "no change" from the intervention, and in some of the tests they showed inferior results after the intervention. Conclusion It’s impossible to draw strong conclusions from this study, since the results are not conclusive and the study design does not allow generalization. Anyhow, the results indicate that a steroid injection may have a positive effect on global improvement and muscle function for some patients with chronic low back pain. One possible factor that could diminish the effect of the injection is a more generalized pain experience. Future studies are needed to confirm the present findings.

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20

Kyrning, Helena, and Robert Sjölund. "Exponering för rörelser och emotioner - : En DBT-inspirerad exponeringsbehandling för människor med långvarig ländryggssmärta." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23888.

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SammanfattningLångvarig smärta orsakar stort lidande för individen och belastar samhället ekonomiskt. Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka om en exponering in vivo-behandling inspirerad av Dialektisk beteendeterapi (DBT) för människor med långvarig ländryggssmärta var görbar samt om behandlingen gav effekt på smärtrelaterad problematik. Designen var en single case experimental design vilket är en beprövad design för att testa nya terapimetoder. Studien bestod av sex deltagare, alla med hög grad av smärtrelaterade katastroftankar, något som litteraturen visat predicera sämre behandlingsutfall. Behandlingen var DBT-inspirerad och indelad i tre faser; en första valideringsfas, en andra färdighetsfas och en tredje exponeringsfas. Fem av sex deltagare fick förbättringar på alla de primära utfallsmått, tre av sex deltagare fick förbättringar på samtliga primära- och sekundära utfallsmått. Framtida replikationer är motiverade.
AbstractChronic pain causes great suffering for the individual and burden society economically. The aim of this study was to examine whether an exposure in vivo treatment inspired by Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for people with chronic low back pain was feasible and whether the treatment had effect on pain-related problems. The design was a single case experimental design, which is a widely used design to test new therapy methods. The study consisted of six participants, all with high levels of pain catastrophizing, something that in the literature been linked to poor treatment outcomes. The treatment was inspired by DBT and divided into three phases: an initial validation phase, a second phase for skills training and a third exposure phase. The results were promising: five out of six participants had improved in all primary outcome measures. Three out of six participants had improvements in all primary and secondary outcome measures. Future replications are warranted.

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Hunt, Jenna. "ACTing on perfectionism : a single case experimental design examining the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on multidimensional perfectionism." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2017. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/29722/.

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Perfectionism is a personality construct argued to be widespread with the potential for incapacitation (Pacht, 1984). It has been linked with a host of psychological difficulties impacting on social and occupational problems as well as physical and mental health. Interest in multi-dimensional perfectionism is growing and the search to uncover the domains within perfectionism which are adaptive, and should be nurtured, or maladaptive, and requiring intervention, remains ongoing. Perfectionism is considered transdiagnostic and targeting this construct may lead to symptom reduction across a range of other difficulties (Howell, et al., 2016). Cognitive Behavioural Therapies (CBT) are the current focus of interventions for perfectionism. Research has indicated some success in managing perfectionistic traits through CBT techniques, however, there are limitations to these studies. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a third wave CBT approach, focuses on altering the function of thought processes and changing the relationship with private events rather than trying to change the event itself (Guarna, 2009). This approach claims to be transdiagnostic and therefore may be an appropriate alternative to traditional CBT techniques for perfectionism. A multiple single case design was employed to examine the effect of a guided self help ACT intervention on perfectionism across five replications using self report and behavioural tasks as outcome measures. The effect of specific ACT processes was examined. Results were inconsistent across participants but some replication of effect was found for improved psychological flexibility, perfectionism and distress. The findings indicate that a guided self help ACT intervention could be an effective treatment for perfectionism, as decreased perfectionism and decreased self reported distress were found following the intervention. Further research is warranted to examine the impact of this intervention further.

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Wolthon, Alexander. "Descriptive differences in physiological and biomechanical parameters between running shoes : a pilot study with a single-subject experimental design." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för fysiologi, nutrition och biomekanik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6312.

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Running performance has increased immensely during the last few years, coinciding with multiple shattered world records in relatively short amount of time. Improvements in footwear material and design are likely reasons for this increase in running performance. Previous studies on the effect of footwear on running economy (RE), a determinant of running performance, have not included participant-blinding. Furthermore, they have yet to compare multiple carbon-fiber plated running shoes available for purchase, what differences there are across price ranges and shoe categories, and if there is such a thing as a placebo-effect. Aim: (1) Descriptively compare a set of heterogeneous running shoes, with regards to running economy, Foot Strike Type (FST), vertical oscillation, ground contact time, stride length and cadence; including (2) a ‘sham’ and ‘normal condition’ of the same running shoe model; and (3) explore the participant’s perception of the study-specific blinding protocol. Method: A Single Subject Experimental Study (N=1), comparing nine different shoe conditions using a crossover design. The assessment of RE was conducted using indirect calorimetry with mixing-chamber in a climate-controlled facility. Spatiotemporal parameters were assessed using a Garmin HRM-Run™, and foot strike type was visually assessed using a frame-by-frame approach based on 2D-video at 240 fps. Results: The average running economy across all shoe tests varied between 16.02 to 17.02 W/kg, with the ‘worst’ shoe costing 6.24% W/kg more than the ‘best’ shoe. The descriptive difference between the ‘sham’ and ‘normal condition’ were negligible and within the range of measurement error. Spatiotemporal parameters were overall descriptively similar between the shoes, with a few outliers who differed with regards to measure of central tendency or dispersion. FST differed between the shoes including the ‘sham’ and ‘normal condition’, but were overall consistent with the participant’s habitual FST. The study-specific blinding procedure was perceived to work well, but may also be improved in some remarks. Conclusion: Descriptive difference in some, but not all, physiological and biomechanical parameters were observed between the shoe conditions in this study, including the ‘sham’ and ‘normal condition’. Blinding procedures in experimental footwear research may be feasible and adopted with future studies.

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Mäkimaa, Birgit. "Inspirationsmuskelträning för personer med idiopatisk lungfibros. : En experimentell fallstudie." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för fysioterapi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-134429.

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Bakgrund: Vid idiopatisk lungfibros (IPF) är dyspné det dominerande symtomet, vilket påverkar gångsträckan. Andra patientkategorier har ökat gångsträckan och minskat dyspnén efter inspirationsmuskelträning (IMT). Endast två studier angående IMT för personer med IPF har hittats och ingen av dessa studier har IMT som enda studieintervention. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om IMT ökar andningsmuskelstyrkan (MIP), om gångsträcka och dyspné förändras efter träningen samt om det finns ett samband mellan MIP och gångsträcka, MIP och dyspné samt gångsträcka och dyspné. Metod: Single-subject experimentell design användes. Sex personer med IPF deltog. IMT genomfördes under åtta veckor. Under baslinje, intervention och cirka sex veckor efter interventionsslutet mättes MIP med Micro RPM® och gångsträcka med sex-minuters gångtest. Dyspnén skattades med Borg CR-10-skala och University of California San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSD SOBQ). Resultat: Resultatet varierade mellan studiedeltagarna. Fyra deltagare ökade MIP. Fem studiedeltagare hade en kliniskt relevant ökning av gångsträcka. Fyra deltagare hade en kliniskt relevant minskad dyspné vid skattning med Borg CR-10 i vila eller UCSD SOBQ. Korrelationen mellan MIP och gångsträcka var signifikant för två studiedeltagare med rs 0,88 respektive 0,99. Konklusion: IMT kan öka MIP och ge kliniskt relevanta förbättringar av gångsträcka och dyspné. Alla studiedeltagare drar ej nytta av träningen. Fortsatta studier behövs för att undersöka vilka som har nytta av IMT och vilken träningsmängd som behövs för att uppnå förbättring.
Introduction: In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), dyspnoea is the predominant symptom that affects walking distance. In other patient categories, walking distance has been increased and dyspnoea has been reduced after inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Only two studies on IMT for people with IPF have been found and none of these studies have IMT as the sole study intervention. Purpose: The purpose was to investigate whether IMT increases respiratory muscle strength (MIP), if walking distance and dyspnoea alter after practice, and if there is a relation between MIP and walking distance, MIP and dyspnoea and walking distance and dyspnoea. Method: Single-subject experimental design was used. Six people with IPF participated. IMT was carried out in eight weeks. During baseline, intervention and about six weeks after the intervention, MIP was measured with Micro RPM® and walking distance with a six-minute walk test. Dyspnoea was estimated with Borg CR 10-scale and the University of California, San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSD SOBQ). Results: The results varied among the study participants. For four participants, the MIP increased. Five study participants had a clinically relevant increase in walking distance. Four participants had a clinically relevant reduction in dyspnoea on measuring with Borg CR 10 at rest or UCSD SOBQ. The correlation between MIP and walking distance was significant for two study participants with rs 0.88 and 0.99, respectively. Conclusion: IMT can increase MIP and provide clinically relevant improvements in walking distance and dyspnoea. All study participants do not benefit from exercise. Further studies are needed to determine which ones have the advantage of IMT and the amount of exercise needed to achieve improvement.

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Berg, Anna, and Magdalena Enlöf. "Att leva är att känna - en pilotstudie i affektfokuserad terapi för unga vuxna." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38177.

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Christensen, Magnus. "Experimental design of phenotyping probe drugs with emphasis on CYP1A2 : their use in studies on genetic and environmental regulation of drug metabolism /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-522-0.

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Heedman, Linus. "Neurodynamic treatment in combination with manual therapy in patients with persistent lateral elbow pain : A Single Subject Experimental Design study." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för hälsa, lärande och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85937.

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Introduction Lateral elbow pain is a common disorder and affects 1-3 % of the population each year. Beside the typical characterization with pain in restricted dorsal and radial deviation of the wrist and local tenderness of the lateral epicondyle, a neurodynamic dysfunction of the radial nerve can co-exist with the tendon dysfunction. Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of individualized neurodynamic treatment in combination with neurodynamic self-treatment in patient with persistent lateral elbow pain with a neurodynamic dysfunction of the radial nerve on grip strength, pain, disability, and function. Method A single subject experimental design with A-B-A design was conducted. Seven participants with lateral elbow pain and a neurodynamic dysfunction of the radial nerve were recruited for the study. Five participants completed the study which consisted of individualized neurodynamic treatment directed to the neurodynamic dysfunction in combination with home exercises which included self-mobilization with sliders and/or tensioners in combination of the strengthening- and stretching exercises. The treatment was evaluated by pain-free and maximal grip strength, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and Patient-rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaires and range of motion of the upper limb neurodynamic test (ULNT) biased n. radialis. Results The result of this SSED shows that neurodynamic treatment with manual mobilization and self-mobilization improves the ROM of the ULNT n. radialis in all five participants. Neurodynamic treatment also improved outcomes of DASH and PRTEE in 3 of the 5 participants. Conclusion Neurodynamic treatment including manual mobilization and self-mobilization in combination with individual strength exercises tends to improve self-rated pain and disability, function and mechanosenstivity of the radial nerve in patients with persistent lateral elbow pain.

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Carlsson, Jenny, and Martina Gerdin. "Påverkas sväljförmågan hos äldre efter utbildning om sväljsvårigheter till omvårdnadspersonal? : En Single Subject- studie av två personer på ett äldreboende." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57299.

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Bland den äldre befolkningen är det relativt vanligt med någon form av sväljsvårigheter, dysfagi. Tidigare studier har visat att mellan 30 och 70 procent av boende inom äldreomsorgen har sväljbesvär. I dagsläget har de flesta äldreboenden i Östergötland inte tillgång till logoped. I föreliggande studie användes metoden Single Subject Experimental Design med upplägget ABB. Flera måltidsobservationer utfördes på de två deltagarna. I dessa observationer studerades tecken på s såsom hostningar, rosslingar, upprepade sväljningar och trögutlöst sväljreflex. Pulsoximeter användes för att öka säkerheten i mätningarna. I interventionsfaserna hölls två föreläsningar om dysfagi för personalen på det berörda äldreboendet. Syftet var att undersöka huruvida dessa föreläsningar förbättrade deltagarnas sväljförmåga. Dysfagi fanns hos båda deltagarna, dock med olika slags symtom. Personalen på boendet konsistensanpassade viss mat som primärt sväljfrämjande åtgärd redan innan studiens början. När detta utfördes hade det en positiv effekt hos båda deltagarna i form av färre tecken på dysfagi vid måltidsobservationerna. Vid föreläsningarna var deltagarantalet lågt, vilket kan ha bidragit till att ingen markant förändring hos deltagarna kunde observeras. Det kan konstateras att ett interventionsupplägg i form av två föreläsningar inte är tillräckligt för att göra skillnad när det gäller dysfagi. Tydligt är dock att behovet av kunskap om dysfagi på äldreboenden är stort.

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Hallberg, Christoffer, and Johanna Wallander. "Ibland ser man inte berget för alla kullar : - En studie av kognitiv omstrukturering och kognitiv defusion för social fobi." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29464.

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Kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) har mest evidens vid social fobi, och på senare år har även guidad självhjälp baserad på KBT visat goda resultat. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) är en del av den tredje vågens KBT och har visat lovande resultat vid ångestsyndrom. Företrädare för ACT har varnat för riskerna med tekniker för att utmana negativa automatiska tankar. Studien syftar till att med en single case experimentell design med multipel baslinje (N=9) studera effekterna av kognitiv omstrukturering (KO) och kognitiv defusion (KD) i form av guidad självhjälp på social ångest, socialt undvikande, psykologisk flexibilitet, defusion, samt frekvens av och trovärdighet hos negativa automatiska tankar. Resultaten visade att KO och KD inte enbart påverkade de processer som teorierna predicerar utan även den andra behandlingens processer.

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Mangabeira, Victor. "Efeitos da sinalização de intervenções na psicoterapia analítica funcional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-08052015-153617/.

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A Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) baseia-se no behaviorismo radical e propõe como mecanismo de mudança a modelagem de comportamentos clinicamente relevantes (CCR) na interação terapêutica. Diversas pesquisas tem comprovado a eficácia desse mecanismo de mudança, porém um estudo detalhado das variáveis envolvidas nessa modelagem se faz necessário. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivos verificar os efeitos sobre os CCRs produzidos por dois tipos de intervenções: FAP não sinalizada (FAPNS) e FAP sinalizada (FAPS), e comparar essas intervenções com intervenções analítico comportamentais com foco em análise de contingências externas à terapia (ACE). As intervenções FAPNS consistiram na modelagem de CCRs na interação terapêutica. Já as intervenções FAPS, além da modelagem continham as seguintes variáveis: 1. sinalização e descrição pelo terapeuta da ocorrência de CCRs na interação com o cliente; 2. descrição do terapeuta ao cliente do impacto que os CCRs produzem nele (com relação a sentimentos, pensamentos, etc.); e 3. paralelos realizados pelo terapeuta dos comportamentos do cliente em sessão e fora dela.. Foi utilizado um delineamento intra-sujeito de reversão, de tratamentos múltiplos (A1 B1 A2 C1 A3 B2 A4 C2 A5) para estudar os efeitos dessas intervenções em dois clientes com problemas em relacionamentos interpessoais. A ordem de apresentação das fases foi alternada para cada participante. As sessões foram filmadas e analisadas utilizando o instrumento Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale FAPRS. Foram analisadas 27 sessões de cada participante. Os resultados corroboram que a modelagem dos CCRs é o mecanismo de mudança na FAP, visto que os CCRs2 aumentaram de frequência e os CCRs1 diminuíram nas fases em que a FAPS ou FAPNS foram introduzidas. Com o delineamento utilizado conseguimos observar as reversões nas frequências de CRBs nas mudanças entre as fases FAP e ACE. Não foram encontradas diferenças evidentes entre as duas formas de intervenção, FAPS e FAPNS, indicando que a modelagem ocorre quando o terapeuta apresenta a consequência adequada aos CCRs, independente da descrição dos comportamentos
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is based on radical behaviorism and proposes that the shaping of clinically relevant behavior (CRB) is the instrument of behavioral change. Many researches demonstrated this mechanism, but a detailed analysis of the variables is necessary. The objective of this research was to study the effects of two different FAP interventions on CRBs: Non-signalized FAP Interventions (FAPNS) and signalized FAP interventions (FAPS), and compare those interventions with sessions of behavioral psychotherapy, with focus on analysis of contingencies external to therapy (ACE). FAPNS interventions consist of shaping the client´s behavior throughout the course of therapeutic interaction. FAPS interventions, in addition to shaping CRBs during therapeutic interaction, contain the following variables: 1) signaling and description by the therapist of the occurrence of CRBs during the interaction with the client, 2) description of the CRBs impact on the therapist (e.g., the therapists feelings, thoughts, etc., produced by the clients CRBs), and 3) description of parallels between CRBs and the clients behavior outside therapeutic setting. We used a within-subject withdrawal design with multiple treatments (A1 - B1 - A2 - C1 - A3 - B2 - A4 - C2 - A5) to study those variables in two clients with interpersonal relationship problems. We controlled the order of presentation of each phase for the participants. The sessions were filmed and then coded using the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale-FAPRS. 27 sessions of each participant were analyzed. The results show that the shaping process of CRBs is the main mechanism of change in FAP since the CRBs 2 increased while the CRBs 1 decreased during FAPS and FAPNS phases. We observed the reversion of CRBs frequencies between FAP and non FAP phases (ACE), but we did not find differences between FAPS and FAPNS interventions. This indicates that the shaping process of CRBs occur when the therapist presents the precise consequences for each CRBs, even if the consequences do not include the description of the behaviors that take place between therapist and client

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Andreasson, Filippa, and Gentile Axel D'Angelo. "You get what you play for : A multiple-baseline experimental design on child-directed play for parents of autistic children." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-183208.

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Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face many challenges which lead to low levels of psychological well-being, partly caused by inability to parent in accordance with one’s values. Child-directed play, a moment of being fully attentive and responsive to one’s child, has the potential to increase parental values. A non-concurrent multiple-baseline experimental design investigated whether daily exercises of child-directed play improved valued parenting and parental perspective-taking. Eight parents of children with diagnosed or suspected ASD were followed daily for six weeks. The intervention comprehended daily practice of child-directed play and video supervision. Child-directed play increased ratings of parental values for all but one participant (Hedges’ g* = 1.67) with effect maintained at follow-up, and increased ratings of parental perspective-taking. A gradual effect indicates the need for greater difference in baseline length between participants. No effects on children, nor on parental well-being were investigated in the present study.

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Gutierrez-Ros, Maria Jose. "A single case experimental design to evaluate Sorensen's therapy for instability in Mood (STIM) in individuals with bipolar disorder delivered by staff with limited training in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517325.

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Abuchacra, Marcelo Corrêa. "Efeitos de uma intervenção comportamental sobre o comportamento de chute no gol" em jogadores de futebol em formação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/16763.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Correa Abuchacra.pdf: 903654 bytes, checksum: bd2be7d5bb3d97ab8913c4f3dc3024c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-26
The present study aims to investigate the influence of a conditioned reinforcement on the performance of base categories soccer players at the behavior of completion of the goal. To measure the accuracy of the kicks, the goal will be divided into four targets (lower right, lower left, upper right and upper left), according to the Battery of tests Mor-Christian. . Investigation of the performance of the participants will be held through a multiple base line design, consisting of a baseline and a subsequent step of conditioned reinforcement. At the end of the sections in the second phase, the participants can exchange the points accumulated on the task for money. Data obtained by each participant in each stage of the research will be analyzed and compared, in order to check the influence of the conditioned reinforcement on the performance of participants regarding the amount of hits to established targets
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a influência de um reforço condicionado sobre a precisão do comportamento de "chute no gol" em jogadores de futebol em formação. Para medir a precisão dos chutes, o gol será dividido em quatro alvos (inferior direito, inferior esquerdo, superior direito e superior esquerdo) de acordo com a "Bateria de testes de Mor-Christian . O experimento compreenderá duas fases: 1) linha de base e 2) reforço condicionado. Na fase do reforço condicionado, será empregado um delineamento de base múltipla entre os alvos. Ao final das sessões realizadas na etapa dois, os participantes poderão trocar os pontos acumulados na tarefa por dinheiro. Os dados obtidos por cada participante, em cada etapa da pesquisa, serão analisados e comparados entre si, com o objetivo de verificar a influência do reforço condicionado no desempenho dos participantes em relação a quantidade de acertos aos alvos estabelecidos

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Vartanian, Joana Figueiredo. "Efeitos da evocação sobre os comportamentos clinicamente relevantes na psicoterapia analítica funcional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-26092017-110243/.

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Анотація:

A Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) aponta a relação terapêutica como meio de promoção de mudanças clínicas. Os comportamentos do cliente em sessão são classificados como CCR1s (comportamentos problema), CCR2s (comportamentos de melhora) e CCR3 (descrições funcionais a respeito do próprio comportamento). É papel do terapeuta atuar sobre esses CCRs com o intuito de aumentar CCR2 e CCR3, bem como diminuir a emissão de CCR1, o que é planejado por meio das regras: estar atento aos CCRs (regra 1), evocar diretamente CCRs (regra 2), consequenciar CCRs (regra 3), observar os efeitos do seu comportamento sobre o comportamento do cliente (regra 4) e fornecer interpretações analítico-funcionais e implementar estratégias de generalização (regra 5). Compreende-se que a similaridade funcional do contexto terapêutico com outros ambientes do cliente possibilita o acesso do terapeuta à classe de comportamentos alvo de intervenção clínica e que, ainda, é papel do terapeuta evocá-los diretamente, componente da FAP expresso pela regra 2. As pesquisas que investigam o mecanismo de mudança da FAP têm enfatizado o papel da consequenciação (regra 3) sobre a mudança comportamental observada nos clientes, entretanto, há indícios de que tal mudança seja também resultado de um processo evocativo ocorrendo em sessão, responsável por produzir o aumento da emissão de CCR2s e diminuição de CCR1s quando a FAP é conduzida. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o identificar quais os efeitos da evocação direta pelo terapeuta na FAP (variável independente) sobre os CCRs do cliente em sessão (variáveis dependentes), sendo utilizado delineamento experimental de caso único de reversão, com arranjo A-B1-BC1-B2-BC2 para uma cliente, com controle da inserção da evocação (arranjo A-BC1-B1-BC2-B2) para outro cliente. A fase A foi correspondente à linha de base, com realização de análise de contingências externas, as fases B corresponderam à condução de FAP sem evocação direta e as fases BC, à FAP completa. As sessões foram categorizadas com o Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Rating Scale (FAPRS) pela terapeuta e aferidoras de concordância, foi aplicado semanalmente o Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2) que possibilitou o acompanhamento da evolução global dos clientes. Após três meses do encerramento do estudo, foi realizada uma sessão de follow-up com cada cliente, a qual indicou a manutenção de progressos com os mesmos. Como resultado no FAPRS, registrou-se o abrupto aumento de CCR2s e diminuição de CCR1s quando a evocação direta foi inserida, o aumento de CCR1 e diminuição de CCR2 quando a mesma foi retirada, bem como a replicação dessas duas fases e de seus efeitos sobre os comportamentos dos dois clientes. Nas fases em que a evocação não esteve presente, as porcentagens de CCRs assemelharam-se às observadas na linha de base. Observou-se também a importância da consequenciação com função evocativa, o que sustenta que a evocação e a consequenciação atuam de forma complementar. Tais resultados solidificam a proposta de que a produção de CCR2 nas sessões FAP tenha também por base a existência de processos evocativos atuantes, já que diante da ausência da evocação, registrou-se imediata diminuição de sua ocorrência. Nesse sentido, a evocação direta pode ser destacada como possuindo impacto relevante no mecanismo de mudança dessa psicoterapia
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) points to the therapeutic relationship as a way of promoting clinical changes. The client behaviors in session are classified as CRB1s (problem behaviors), CRB2s (improvement behaviors) and CRB3 (functional descriptions regarding any client´s behavior). FAP therapist should act on these CRBs in order to increase CRB2 and CRB3 and to reduce the emission of CRB1, which is planned by using the rules: to be aware of CRBs (rule 1), to evoke CRBs directly (rule 2), to contingently respond to CRBs (rule 3), to observe the effects of therapist´s behavior on client´s behavior (rule 4) and to provide analytic-functional interpretations and implement generalization strategies (rule 5). It is understood that the functional similarity of the therapeutic context to other client environments allows the therapist to access the class of target behaviors of clinical intervention and that it is also the role of the therapist to directly evoke them, a component of FAP expressed by rule 2. Researches focused on investigate the mechanism of change in FAP have emphasized the role of consequence (rule 3) on behavioral change observed in clients, however, there is evidence that such a change is the result of an evocative process occurring in session, which is responsible for producing increased CRB2s and decreased CRB1s emissions when FAP is conducted. Thus, the goal of this investigation was to identify the effects of direct evocation by the therapist in FAP (independent variable) on client CRBs in session (dependent variables), using an experimental design of a single-case experimental procedure, with design A -B1-BC1-B2-BC2 for one client, with control of the insertion of the independent variable (design A-BC1-B1-BC2-B2) to another client. Phase A corresponded to the baseline, without systematic use of FAP, phases B corresponded to FAP without direct evocation and phases BC, to the use of complete FAP. The sessions were categorized with the instrument Functional Analytical Psychotherapy Rating Scale (FAPRS) by the therapist and independent coders. The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2) was applied weekly, allowing the therapist to monitor the overall evolution of clients and after three months of the end of the phases, a follow-up session was conducted with each client, which indicated the maintenance of the observed effects. As a result in FAPRS, it occurred the abrupt increase of CRB2s and decrease of CCR1s when direct evocation was inserted, the increase of CRB1 and decrease of CRB2 when it was withdrawn, as well as the replication of these two phases and their effects on the behaviors of the two clients. In the phases in which evocation was not present, the percentages of CRBs were similar to those observed in baseline. It was also observed the importance of the consequences with evocative function, which maintains that the evocation and the consequences provided by the therapist act in a complementary way. These results solidify the proposal that the increase of CRB2 in FAP is also based on the existence of evocative processes, since in the absence of evocation it is observed its immediate decrease. Therefore, direct evocation can be highlighted as having a relevant impact on the mechanism of change of this psychotherapy

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Lindfeldt, Olov. "Railway operation analysis : Evaluation of quality, infrastructure and timetable on single and double-track lines with analytical models and simulation." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Trafik och Logistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12727.

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This thesis shows the advantages of simple models for analysis of railway operation. It presents two tools for infrastructure and timetable planning. It shows how the infrastructure can be analysed through fictive line designs, how the timetable can be treated as a variable and how delays can be used as performance measures. The thesis also gives examples of analyses of complex traffic situations through simulation experiments. Infrastructure configuration, timetable design and delays play important roles in the competitiveness of railway transportation. This is especially true on single-track lines where the run times and other timetable related parameters are severely restricted by crossings (train meetings). The first half of this thesis focuses on the crossing time, i.e. the time loss that occurs in crossing situations. A simplified analytical model, SAMFOST, has been developed to calculate the crossing time as a function of infrastructure configuration, vehicle properties, timetable and delays for two crossing trains. Three measures of timetable flexibility are proposed and they can be used to evaluate how infrastructure configuration, vehicle properties, punctuality etc affect possibilities to alter the timetable. Double-track lines operated with mixed traffic show properties similar to those of single-tracks. In this case overtakings imply scheduled delays as well as risk of delay propagation. Two different methods are applied for analysis of double-tracks: a combinatorial, mathematical model (TVEM) and simulation experiments. TVEM, Timetable Variant Evaluation Model, is a generic model that systematically generates and evaluates timetable variants. This method is especially useful for mixed traffic operation where the impact of the timetable is considerable. TVEM may also be used for evaluation of different infrastructure designs. Analyses performed in TVEM show that the impact on capacity from the infrastructure increases with speed differences and frequency of service for the passenger trains, whereas the impact of the timetable is strongest when the speed differences are low and/or the frequency of passenger services is low. Simulation experiments were performed to take delays and perturbations into account. A simulation model was set up in the micro simulation tool RailSys and calibrated against real operational data. The calibrated model was used for multi-factor analysis through experiments where infrastructure, timetable and perturbation factors were varied according to an experimental design and evaluated through response surface methods. The additional delay was used as response variable. Timetable factors, such as frequency of high-speed services and freight train speed, turned out to be of great importance for the additional delay, whereas some of the perturbation factors, i.e. entry delays, only showed a minor impact. The infrastructure factor, distance between overtaking stations, showed complex relationships with several interactions, principally with timetable factors.
QC20100622
Framtida infrastruktur och kvalitet i tågföring

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Jinks, Mary. "Regulating Eating through Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (REACT) : a single case experimental design to evaluate a guided self-help intervention for individuals who are overweight or obese and engage in emotional eating." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2016. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/23755/.

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Background: Obesity rates are growing globally along with the associated health and economic consequences (Caballero, 2007). However, weight loss is difficult, highlighting the need to address the psychological challenges of obesity (Wing & Phelan, 2005). Obesity is linked with emotional eating (Torres & Nowson, 2007). Therefore, interventions which may tackle emotional eating may address obesity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes, Strosahl & Wilson, 1999) intervention which has been considered helpful for this clinical problem. Method: Six participants engaged in a five week guided self-help ACT intervention. Utilising an AB single case experimental design (SCED) and follow-up, participants completed a range of implicit, explicit and behavioural assessments; targeting areas such as emotional eating, psychological ACT processes (referred to hereafter as ACT processes), Body Mass Index (BMI), and daily recordings of calorie intake and mood. Reliable and clinically significant changes were calculated on self-report measures. Simulation Modelling Analysis (SMA) examined the relationship between mood and calorie intake across baseline and intervention phases. Results: Half of the sample no longer met the criteria for “emotional eating” at follow-up. On the self-report measures, all participants “recovered”1 on at least one ACT-specific process, whilst two participants “recovered” from emotional eating. There was some evidence of temporal precedence whereby changes in the ACT processes occurred, prior to, or alongside, changes in emotional eating. SMA revealed a decrease in emotional eating in the intervention phase compared to the baseline phase for some participants. Inconsistencies were found between the implicit and explicit measures of emotional eating. Postintervention, four participants lost weight, three of whom maintained the weight loss at follow-up. All participants reported benefits from ACT. Discussion: Given the current obesity epidemic and the associated adverse consequences, finding an effective intervention for weight management is critical. This study resulted in four important findings; (a) ACT proved promising for some participants in reducing emotional eating and shifted the ACT process 1 Achieved both reliable and clinically significant change (Davies & Sheldon, 2011). 3 variables in a positive direction; (b) There was some evidence that ACT processes mediated changes in emotional eating. This has important theoretical implications as it indicates that mindfulness, defusion, values and acceptance influence emotional eating. Although theories have hypothesised this to be the case, this study provides empirical support. However, more single case research is required to demonstrate the replication of effect prior to refining weight management interventions; (c) Improvements in emotional eating measures did not reduce weight in all cases. This suggests that ACT alone, or in its current modality, may not be sufficient for behavioural change. It is suggested that more intensive input may be needed, or that ACT may make a useful adjunct to standard behavioural interventions. Nevertheless, in terms of cost-effectiveness, the brevity and modality of this intervention is a promising start, and (d) There were mixed findings regarding the impact of the intervention on the implicit emotional eating measure; correspondence with the explicit measure occurred for some participants. The utility of implicit measurement in targeting attitudes, behaviour or initial responses in this sample is questionable.

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Orozco, Meredith Lynn. "Investigation of the Current Use and Efficacy of Integrative Treatment Methods for Voice Disorders." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1556671848700406.

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PAPURELLO, DAVIDE. "Biogas from anaerobic digestion of biomass (Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and sewage sludge): trace compounds characterization through an innovative technique (PTR-MS) and detrimental effects on SOFC energy generators, from single cells to short stacks." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2544741.

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The use of biofuels instead of conventional fossil derived fuels is becoming an increasingly crucial topic for future energy systems where environmental issues are also taken into account. Biomass exploitation, including biowaste, appears as a promising means for the energy production and also it contributes to the carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Among the different techniques for biomass exploitation, interesting aspects are covered by the dry anaerobic fermentation of organic waste (OFMSW). In addition also interesting aspects can be achieved by the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge in waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). Organic waste collection from local municipal areas or from sewage sludge exploitation with subsequent energy valorization through CHP systems allows to reduce the amount of waste disposed into landfills and the pollutant emissions into the atmosphere. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) systems are among the most promising energy generator respect to traditional power generating systems due to their higher electrical conversion values, even at partial loads. This is due to the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy. Hence, fuel cells are very appealing from both energy and environmental point of view. In this work, the main goal was to demonstrate the real feasibility of a SOFC stack system fed by real biogas. This main goal has to be achieved considering three main sub-goals. The first one related to the biogas aspects, mainly on trace compounds investigation followed by the VOCs cleaning for SOFC requirements and then testing the main and the most dangerous VOCs on single cells and on short stacks. These information have been fundamentals for the SOFC generator directly fed by biogas. A 500 We SOFC stack by SOFCpower (Italy) was operated for more than 400 hrs in conjunction with a biogas feeding system.

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Moreira, Fernanda Resende. "Os efeitos da Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) no tratamento de uma criança vítima de abuso sexual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-21092018-173653/.

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O abuso sexual infantil (ASI) é um problema de grande relevância social que pode trazer prejuízos como risco aumentado para psicopatologias, problemas sexuais e déficit nos relacionamentos interpessoais. A Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional (FAP) propõe um tratamento baseado na instalação de repertório de relacionamento interpessoal, modelado na relação terapêutica, em um ambiente seguro para o cliente e com baixa probabilidade de punição. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar os efeitos da FAP no tratamento de um menino de 11 anos de idade vítima de ASI, por meio da mensuração de comportamentos clinicamente relevantes (CCR) e comportamentos extrassessão. Foi realizado um delineamento experimental de caso único de reversão (A1-B1-A2-B2) em que a Fase A1 correspondeu a Terapia Analítico- Comportamental Infantil (TACI) enfocando análise dos comportamentos fora do setting terapêutico, a Fase B1 correspondeu a introdução sistemática da FAP e as fases A2-B2 corresponderam a replicação das condições anteriores com a retirada da FAP e sua reintrodução, respectivamente. Uma sessão de follow-up também foi realizada um mês após o término da psicoterapia. Cinco sessões de cada fase foram categorizadas pelo instrumento FAPRS. Utilizou-se o questionário CBCL e a Escala de Comportamentos Extrassessão, respondidos pela mãe da criança, afim de obter as medidas de comportamento externo, bem como o instrumento PedsQL para medir mudanças na autoavaliação da criança sobre a satisfação com a qualidade de vida e CAPS para as mudanças na autoavaliação de atribuições/percepções sobre a experiência de ASI. Os resultados apontaram aumento da porcentagem de CCR2 e queda da porcentagem de CCR1 durante as fases de inserção da FAP; queda dos CCR2 e aumento dos CCR1 quando a FAP foi retirada. As mudanças das porcentagens dos CCR2 foram mais contingentes à manipulação da variável independente. Não foi observada reversão dos CCR1, resultado do bloqueio de esquiva produzido pelo contexto terapêutico e por características específicas dos CCR1 da criança. O CBCL demonstrou melhora global na maioria de suas categorias, fazendo com que a criança saísse da faixa clínica dos problemas para a faixa considerada normal. As melhoras clínicas sugeridas nas categorias da Escala de Comportamentos Extrassessão que se relacionavam com os CCR da criança parecem ter sido produzidas pela introdução da FAP enquanto as pioras clínicas parecem ter sido produzidas pela retirada da FAP, o que sugere uma generalização (para o ambiente natural) dos ganhos terapêuticos obtidos em sessão. Tanto a CAPS quanto o PedsQL apontaram uma piora na avaliação do cliente. No entanto, discutiu-se que tal quadro é representativo de uma melhora no autoconhecimento da criança
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a problem of great social relevance that can cause impairment as an increased risk for psychopathologies, sexual problems and interpersonal relationships. Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) proposes a treatment based on the installation of an interpersonal relationship repertoire, shaped by the therapeutic relationship, in a safe environment for the client and a low probability of punishment. The objective of this study was to ascertain the effects of FAP on the treatment of an 11-year-old boy victim of CSA by measuring clinically relevant behaviors (CCR) and out-of-session behaviors. A single-subject withdrawal experimental design (A1-B1-A2-B2) in which Phase A1 corresponded to Childrens Behavioral-Analytic Therapy (TACI) focusing on behavioral analysis outside the therapeutic setting, Phase B1 corresponded to the systematic introduction of FAP and the A2- B2 phases corresponded to the replication of the previous conditions with the withdrawal of FAP and its reintroduction, respectively. A follow-up session was also held one month after the end of psychotherapy. Five sessions of each phase were coded by the FAPRS system. The CBCL questionnaire and the Out-of-session Behavior Scale, answered by the child\'s mother, were used to obtain the external behavior measures, as well as the PedsQL instrument to measure changes in the child\'s self-assessment on quality of life satisfaction and CAPS for the changes in the self-assessment of attributions/perceptions about the CSA experience. The results indicated an increase in CCR2s percentage and a decrease in CCR1s percentage during the FAP insertion phases; reduction of CCR2 and increase of CCR1 when FAP was withdrawn. Changes in CCR2 percentages were more contingent on independent variable manipulation. No reversal of CCR1 was observed, because of the avoidance behavior blockade produced by the therapeutic context and by the specific characteristics of the childs CCR1. The CBCL showed overall improvement in most of its categories, causing the child to leave the clinical range of problems for the range considered normal. The clinical improvements suggested in the Out-of-session Behavior Scale categories that related to the child\'s CCRE appear to have been produced by the introduction of FAP while clinical worsening appears to have been produced by FAP withdrawal, suggesting a generalization (for the natural environment ) of the therapeutic gains obtained in session. Both CAPS and PedsQL pointed to a worsening client assessment. However, it was argued that such a picture is representative of an improvement in the childs self-knowledge

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Filho, Emerson Figueirêdo Simões. "Manejo de metáforas em psicoterapia analítico-comportamental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-17032015-152454/.

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O entendimento do comportamento verbal (ou simbólico) e sua aplicação aos problemas comportamentais é importante para a análise clínica do comportamento pelo fato de o comportamento verbal humano ser pervasivo. Ou seja, humanos, ao serem verbalmente capazes, interagem com o ambiente, e processos verbais se tornam uma fonte de regulação comportamental. Considerando a psicoterapia como eminentemente verbal, entende-se como necessário a condução de pesquisas que abordem a complexidade do comportamento verbal no ambiente terapêutico. Embora metáforas, uma forma de intervenção verbal, tenham sido utilizadas por terapeutas analítico-comportamentais, nem sempre são claras as vantagens ou elucidados os efeitos que tal manejo traria. Esta pesquisa investigou, num delineamento experimental de caso único A-B-A-B na clínica, os efeitos do manejo de metáforas orientadas para valores na psicoterapia analítico-comportamental em um cliente com queixas ligadas à ansiedade. Os resultados foram comparados e correlacionados da categorização das sessões segundo o SiMCCIT - Sistema Multidimensional para a Categorização de Comportamentos na Interação Terapêutica e a qualidade das relações estabelecidas pelo cliente, com os resultados do EAS-40 e do BAI. Sugere-se que o manejo de metáforas evocou um estabelecimento de relações maior por parte da cliente no momento em que metáforas eram manejadas, embora os dados sejam pouco conclusivos. O uso de observações repetidas e contínuas, a avaliação da linha de base e o critério de estabilidade nesta e para as mudanças nas fases, assim como a replicação direta, permitiram demonstrar confiabilidade e contribuíram para a validade interna da pesquisa
The understanding of verbal (or symbolic) behavior and its application to behavioral problems is important for the clinical behavior analysis due to verbal behavior pervasiveness. While being able to verbally interact with the environment, humans verbal and cognitive processes become a source of behavioral regulation. As psychotherapy is considered eminently verbal, it is understood as necessary conduct researches that address the complexity of verbal behavior in this context. Although metaphors, a form of verbal intervention, are being used by behavioral therapists, advantages or effects of the management of them would bring are not always clear. This research investigated, in a single case ABAB experimental design, the effects of the management of oriented values metaphors in a behavior therapy on a client with complaints related to anxiety. The results were compared and correlated with the categorization of sessions using the SiMCCIT, the quality of the relations established by the client on then, and the results of the EAS-40 and BAI. It is suggested that the management of metaphors evoked a greater establishment of relations by the client at the time that metaphors were handled, although the data are still inconclusive. The use of repeated and continuous observations, the evaluation of the baseline and the stability criteria on this and in the changes of the phases, as well as direct replication, have demonstrated reliability and contributed to internal validity

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Truong, David Hien. "Single-Step Factor Screening and Response Surface Optimization Using Optimal Designs with Minimal Aliasing." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/64.

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Cheng and Wu (2001) introduced a method for response surface exploration using only one design by using a 3-level design to first screen a large number of factors and then project onto the significant factors to perform response surface exploration. Previous work generally involved selecting designs based on projection properties first and aliasing structure second. However, having good projection properties is of little concern if the correct factors cannot be identified. We apply Jones and Nachtsheim’s (2009) method for finding optimal designs with minimal aliasing to find 18, 27, and 30-run designs to use for single-step screening and optimization. Our designs have better factor screening capabilities than the designs of Cheng and Wu (2001) and Xu et al. (2004), while maintaining similar D-efficiencies and allowing all projections to fit a full second order model.

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Åberg, Anna. "Bålstabiliserande träning vid ländryggssmärta : En experimentell single-subject design studie." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-24609.

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Bakgrund: Ospecifik ländryggssmärta är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till att man söker hjälp inom primärvården. För långvarig, ospecifik ländryggssmärta är träning ett förstahandsval och fokus har under det senaste årtiondet legat på bålstabiliserande träning. Psykosociala faktorer som self-efficacy och rörelserädsla kan vara viktiga att beakta vid behandlingen då de spelar en roll i hur ländryggssmärtan utvecklas. Syfte: Att undersöka hur skattad smärta, self-efficacy och rörelserädsla samt funktionsnivå förändrades hos enskilda patienter med långvarig, ospecifik ländryggssmärta under och efter en intervention i grupp med bålstabiliserande träning. Metod: Designen var en A-B-A single-subject design (SSED). Smärtnivå, self-efficacy och rörelserädsla mättes med självskattningsformulär en gång per vecka under fas A-B-A och funktionsnivå före och efter avslutad intervention. Interventionen pågick under åtta veckor, en gång per vecka. Data presenterades visuellt och analys gjordes även av statistisk (2-SD band metod) och klinisk signifikans. Resultat: Analysen visade att skattad smärta, self-efficacy, rörelserädsla och funktionsnivå förändrades i positiv riktning hos flera patienter. Statistisk och klinisk signifikans varierade. Slutsats: Graderad bålstabiliserande träning i grupp under handledning av sjukgymnast verkar för flera av deltagarna ha en positiv effekt på såväl smärtnivå, self-efficacy, rörelserädsla som funktionsnivå. Eftersom SSED har en begränsad generaliserbarhet bör resultaten replikeras i ytterligare studier.
Background: Non-specific low back pain is one of the most common reasons for seeking help in primary care. For chronic, non-specific low back pain exercise rehabilitation is a first choice and focus in the last decade has been on motor control exercises. Psychosocial factors such as self-efficacy and fear of movement may be important to consider in the treatment as they play a role in how low back pain develops. Aim: To investigate how rated pain, self-efficacy and fear of movement as well as level of function changed in individual patients with chronic, nonspecific low back pain during and after an intervention group with motor control exercises. Method: The design was an A-B-A single-subject design (SSED). Pain level, self-efficacy and fear of movement were measured by self-assessment questionnaires once a week during phase A-B-A and level of function before and after the intervention. The intervention lasted for eight weeks, once a week. Data were presented visually and analysis was done to prove statistical (2-SD band method) and clinical significance. Results: The analysis showed that rated pain, self-efficacy, fear of movement and level of function changed in a positive direction for several of the patients. Statistical and clinical significance varied. Conclusion: Graded motor control exercises in a group under the supervision of a physiotherapist seem to have a positive effect for several of the participants with regards to level of pain, self-efficacy, fear of movement as well as level of function. Since SSED has a limited generalizability, results should be replicated in further studies.

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Yang, Xiao. "Optimal Design of Single Factor cDNA Microarray experiments and Mixed Models for Gene Expression Data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26379.

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Microarray experiments are used to perform gene expression profiling on a large scale. E- and A-optimality of mixed designs was established for experiments with up to 26 different varieties and with the restriction that the number of arrays available is equal to the number of varieties. Because the IBD setting only allows for a single blocking factor (arrays), the search for optimal designs was extended to the Row-Column Design (RCD) setting with blocking factors dye (row) and array (column). Relative efficiencies of these designs were further compared under analysis of variance (ANOVA) models. We also compared the performance of classification analysis for the interwoven loop and the replicated reference designs under four scenarios. The replicated reference design was favored when gene-specific sample variation was large, but the interwoven loop design was preferred for large variation among biological replicates. We applied mixed model methodology to detection and estimation of gene differential expression. For identification of differential gene expression, we favor contrasts which include both variety main effects and variety by gene interactions. In terms of t-statistics for these contrasts, we examined the equivalence between the one- and two-step analyses under both fixed and mixed effects models. We analytically established conditions for equivalence under fixed and mixed models. We investigated the difference of approximation with the two-step analysis in situations where equivalence does not hold. The significant difference between the one- and two-step mixed effects model was further illustrated through Monte Carlo simulation and three case studies. We implemented the one-step analysis for mixed models with the ASREML software.
Ph. D.

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Lindberg, Magnus. "Excessive fluid overload among haemodialysis patients prevalence, individual characteristics and self-regulation of fluid intake /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket[distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-121983.

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Berenguer, Verdú Antonio José. "Analysis and design of efficient passive components for the millimeter-wave and THz bands." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84004.

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This thesis tackles issues of particular interest regarding analysis and design of passive components at the mm-wave and Terahertz (THz) bands. Innovative analysis techniques and modeling of complex structures, design procedures, and practical implementation of advanced passive devices are presented. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to THz passive components. These days, THz technology suffers from the lack of suitable waveguiding structures since both, metals and dielectric, are lossy at THz frequencies. This implies that neither conventional closed metallic structures used at microwave frequencies, nor dielectric waveguides used in the optical regime, are adequate solutions. Among a variety of new proposals, the Single Wire Waveguide (SWW) stands out due to its low attenuation and dispersion. However, this surface waveguide presents difficult excitation and strong radiation on bends. A Dielectric-Coated Single Wire Waveguide (DCSWW) can be used to alleviate these problems, but advantages of the SWW are lost and new problems arise. Until now, literature has not given proper solution to radiation on bends and, on the other hand, rigorous characterization of these waveguides lacks these days. This thesis provides, for the first time, a complete modal analysis of both waveguides, appropriated for THz frequencies. This analysis is later applied to solve the problem of radiation on bends. Several structures and design procedures to alleviate radiation losses are presented and experimentally validated. The second part of the thesis is dedicated to mm-wave passive components. These days, when implementing passive components to operate at such small, millimetric wavelengths, to ensure proper metallic contact and alignment between parts results challenging. In addition, dielectric absorption becomes significant at mm-wave frequencies. Consequently, conventional hollow metallic waveguides and planar transmission lines present high attenuation so that new topologies are being considered. Gap Waveguides (GWs), based on a periodic structure introducing an Electromagnetic Bandgap effect, result very suitable since they do not require metallic contacts and avoid dielectric losses. However, although GWs have great potential, several issues prevent GW technology from becoming consolidated and universally used. On the one hand, the topological complexity of GWs difficulties the design process since full-wave simulations are time-costly and there is a lack of appropriate analysis methods and suitable synthesis procedures. On the other hand, benefits of using GWs instead of conventional structures are required to be more clearly evidenced with high-performance GW components and proper comparatives with conventional structures. This thesis introduces several efficient analysis methods, models, and synthesis techniques that will allow engineers without significant background in GWs to straightforwardly implement GW devices. In addition, several high-performance narrow-band filters operating at Ka-band and V-band, as well as a rigorous comparative with rectangular waveguide topology, are presented.
Esta tesis aborda problemas actuales en el análisis y diseño de componentes pasivos en las bandas de onda milimétrica y Terahercios (THz). Se presentan nuevas técnicas de análisis y modelado de estructuras complejas, procedimientos de diseño, e implementación práctica de dispositivos pasivos avanzados. La primera parte de la tesis se dedica a componentes pasivos de THz. Actualmente no se disponen de guías de onda adecuadas a THz debido a que ambos, metales y dieléctricos, introducen grandes pérdidas. En consecuencia, no es adecuado escalar las estructuras metálicas cerradas usadas en microondas, ni las guías dieléctricas usadas a frecuencias ópticas. Entre un gran número de recientes propuestas, la Single Wire Waveguide (SWW) destaca por su baja atenuación y casi nula dispersión. No obstante, como guía superficial, la SWW presenta difícil excitación y radiación en curvas. El uso de un recubrimiento dieléctrico, creando la Dielecric-Coated Single Wire Waveguide (DCSWW), alivia estos inconvenientes, pero las ventajas anteriores se pierden y nuevos problemas aparecen. Hasta la fecha, no se han encontrado soluciones adecuadas para la radiación en curvas de la SWW. Además, se echa en falta una caracterización rigurosa de ambas guías. Esta tesis presenta, por primera vez, un análisis modal completo de SWW y DCSWW, adecuado a la banda de THz. Este análisis es aplicado posteriormente para evitar el problema de la radiación en curvas. Se presentan y validan experimentalmente diversas estructuras y procedimientos de diseño. La segunda parte de la tesis abarca componentes pasivos de ondas milimétricas. Actualmente, estos componentes sufren una importante degradación de su respuesta debido a que resulta difícil asegurar contacto metálico y alineamiento adecuados para la operación a longitudes de onda tan pequeñas. Además, la absorción dieléctrica incrementa notablemente a estas frecuencias. En consecuencia, tanto guías metálicas huecas como líneas de transmisión planares convencionales presentan gran atenuación, siendo necesario considerar topologías alternativas. Las Gap Waveguides (GWs), basadas en una estructura periódica que introduce un efecto de Electromagnetic Bandgap, resultan muy adecuadas puesto que no requieren contacto entre partes metálicas y evitan las pérdidas en dieléctricos. No obstante, a pesar del potencial de las GWs, varias barreras impiden la consolidación y uso universal de esta tecnología. Por una parte, la compleja topología de las GWs dificulta el proceso de diseño dado que las simulaciones de onda completa consumen mucho tiempo y no existen actualmente métodos de análisis y diseño apropiados. Por otra parte, es necesario evidenciar el beneficio de usar GWs mediante dispositivos GW de altas prestaciones y comparativas adecuadas con estructuras convencionales. Esta tesis presenta diversos métodos de análisis eficientes, modelos, y técnicas de diseño que permitirán la síntesis de dispositivos GW sin necesidad de un conocimiento profundo de esta tecnología. Asimismo, se presentan varios filtros de banda estrecha operando en las bandas Ka y V con altas prestaciones, así como una comparativa rigurosa con la guía rectangular.
Aquesta tesi aborda problemes actuals en relació a l'anàlisi i disseny de components passius en les bandes d'ona mil·limètrica i Terahercis. Es presenten noves tècniques d'anàlisi i modelatge d'estructures complexes, procediments de disseny, i implementació pràctica de dispositius passius avançats. La primera part de la tesi es focalitza en components passius de THz. Actualment no es disposen de guies d'ona adequades a THz causa que tots dos, metalls i dielèctrics, introdueixen grans pèrdues. En conseqüència, no és adequat escalar les estructures metál·liques tancades usades en microones, ni les guies dielèctriques usades a freqüències òptiques. Entre un gran nombre de propostes recents, la Single Wire Waveguide (SWW) destaca per la seua baixa atenuació i quasi nul·la dispersió. No obstant això, com a guia superficial, la SWW presenta difícil excitació i radiació en corbes. L'ús d'un recobriment dielèctric, creant la Dielecric-Coated Single Wire Waveguide (DCSWW), alleuja aquests inconvenients, però els avantatges anteriors es perden i nous problemes apareixen. Fins a la data, no s'han trobat solucions adequades per a la radiació en corbes de la SWW. A més, es troba a faltar una caracterització rigorosa d'ambdues guies. Aquesta tesi presenta, per primera vegada, un anàlisi modal complet de SWW i DCSWW, adequat a la banda de THz. Aquest anàlisi és aplicat posteriorment per evitar el problema de la radiació en corbes. Es presenten i validen experimentalment diverses estructures i procediments de disseny. La segona part de la tesi es centra en components passius d'ones mil·limètriques. Actualment, aquests components pateixen una important degradació de la seua resposta a causa de que resulta difícil assegurar contacte metàl·lic i alineament adequats per a l'operació a longituds d'ona tan menudes. A més, l'absorció dielèctrica incrementa notablement a aquestes freqüències. En conseqüència, tant guies metàl·liques buides com línies de transmissió planars convencionals presenten gran atenuació, sent necessari considerar topologies alternatives. Les Gap Waveguides (GWs), basades en una estructura periòdica que introdueix un efecte de Electromagnetic Bandgap, resulten molt adequades ja que no requereixen contacte entre parts metàl·liques i eviten les pèrdues en dielèctrics. No obstant, tot i el potencial de les GWs, diverses barreres impedixen la consolidació i ús universal d'aquesta tecnologia. D'una banda, la complexa topologia de les GWs dificulta el procés de disseny atés que les simulacions d'ona completa consumeixen molt de temps i no existeixen actualment mètodes d'anàlisi i disseny apropiats. D'altra banda, és necessari evidenciar el benefici d'utilitzar GWs mitjançant dispositius GW d'altes prestacions i comparatives adequades amb estructures convencionals. Aquesta tesi presenta diversos mètodes d'anàlisi eficients, models, i tècniques de disseny que permetran la síntesi de dispositius GW sense necessitat d'un coneixement profund d'aquesta tecnologia. Així mateix, es presenten diversos filtres de banda estreta operant en les bandes Ka i V amb altes prestacions, així com una comparativa rigorosa amb la guia rectangular.
Berenguer Verdú, AJ. (2017). Analysis and design of efficient passive components for the millimeter-wave and THz bands [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/84004
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Lebely, Claire. "Améliorer la prise en charge des troubles des fonctions exécutives chez le patient cérébro-lésé : apports de la remédiation pseudo-écologique et de la stimulation électrique transcrânienne sur la performance comportementale et l'activité électrophysiologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES116.

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Les lésions cérébrales acquises, qu'elles soient traumatiques ou vasculaires, sont à l'origine de déficiences motrices, sensorielles et cognitives. Les troubles des fonctions exécutives contribuent à l'altération de l'accomplissement des tâches en vie quotidienne, et ont un impact majeur sur la qualité de vie et de l'autonomie des patients. Pour compenser ces déficits et améliorer leur autonomie, les patients atteint d'un syndrome dysexécutif nécessitent une prise en charge adaptée et spécifique. Actuellement, les batteries de rééducation et les techniques disponibles présentent souvent une faible validité écologique ce qui limite les possibilités de transfert d'apprentissage vers la vie quotidienne. Afin de favoriser ce transfert, il semble crucial de proposer des interventions impliquant des activités fonctionnelles représentatives de la vie quotidienne. Dans cette perspective, nous avons proposé un entraînement cognitif informatisé (Covirtua Cognition®) simulant des situations réelles dans un environnement virtuel. Le premier objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d'évaluer l'efficacité de ce programme de rééducation sur les performances dans la réalisation des activités de la vie quotidienne en situation réelle (transfert d'apprentissage). Pour cela, deux études en multiples cas uniques (SCED) ont été menées, utilisant comme mesure répétée une échelle d'atteinte d'objectifs individualisés, la Goal Attainment Scale. Ce type d'étude permet d'évaluer l'efficacité d'une intervention cognitive avec un échantillon restreint de patients, en recueillant un grand nombre de mesures répétées tout au long de l'étude. Dans la seconde étude, afin de potentialiser les effets de la rééducation, des stimulations cérébrales ont été appliquées pendant l'entraînement cognitif. L'objectif de cette étude a été d'explorer l'efficacité de cet entrainement cognitif "pseudo-écologique", couplé à des stimulations électriques transcrâniennes de type tRNS (transcranial Random Noise Stimulation), appliqué sur le cortex préfrontal droit, chez des patients cérébrolésés ayant des troubles des fonctions exécutives. Dans cette seconde étude, deux grands axes de recherche ont été définis pour évaluer l'impact de ce programme sur les performances comportementales d'une part et les modifications de l'activité cérébrale mesurée en EEG d'autre part. D'un point de vue comportemental, nous avons évalué les performances, en situation de vie quotidienne, grâce à la Goal Attainment Scale. De plus, le fonctionnement exécutif a été évalué par la batterie de tests informatisés "Test Attentional Performance" avant et après l'intervention. Un dernier article, sous la forme d'une "scoping review", répertorie l'ensemble des critères de jugement principaux, utilisés comme mesures répétées en SCED, pour évaluer l'efficacité d'une intervention cognitive à l'échelle individuelle. Nos résultats mettent en évidence des effets modérés de l'intervention visibles principalement à long terme, tant au niveau comportemental qu'électrophysiologique. De plus, il semble que la stimulation n'ait pas renforcer les effets de l'intervention puisque nous avons retrouvé des résultats similaires dans nos 2 études menées en SCED à savoir une atteinte d'au moins 1 des 3 objectifs fixés pour 8 patients. Enfin, les conclusions de la "scoping review" mettent en évidence l'importance du choix de la mesure répétée dans les études SCED, tout en proposant un outil visuel pour aider dans ce choix. Cette thèse contribue à l'avancée des connaissances de la réadaptation du syndrome dysexécutif, permettant d'affiner le profil de patients répondeurs et non répondeurs afin d'optimiser leurs prises en charge. Par ailleurs, ce travail permet de mieux comprendre l'impact d'un programme cognitif sur l'activité cérébrale. De futures investigations sont nécessaires pour identifier des marqueurs neurofonctionnels, plus objectifs, en EEG, prédicteurs d'une rééducation efficace
Acquired brain injury, whether traumatic or vascular, lead to motor, sensory and cognitive impairments. Executive function disorders contribute to the impairment of daily tasks, significantly impacting patients' quality of life and autonomy. To compensate for these deficits and improve their independence, patients with dysexecutive syndrome require tailored and specific treatment. Currently, available rehabilitation batteries and techniques often lack ecological validity, limiting the transfer learning to daily life. To facilitate this transfer, it is crucial to propose more "ecological" interventions involving functional activities representative of daily life. In this perspective, we proposed a computerized cognitive training (Covirtua Cognition®) simulating real-life situations in a virtual environment. The first objective of the present thesis work was to evaluate the effectiveness of this rehabilitation program on performance in carrying out activities of daily living in real-life situations (transfer of learning). For this purpose, two single-case experimental design studies (SCEDs) were conducted, using an individualized goal attainment scale, the Goal Attainment Scale, as a repeated measure. This type of study allows evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive intervention with a small sample of patients by collecting a large number of repeated measures throughout the study. In the second study, to enhance the effects of rehabilitation, brain stimulations were applied during cognitive training. The objective of this study was to explore the effectiveness of this "pseudo-ecological" cognitive training, coupled with transcranial Random Noise Stimulation (tRNS) applied to the right prefrontal cortex, in patients with acquired brain injuries with executive function disorders. In this second study, two main research axes were defined to evaluate the impact of this program on behavioral performances on one hand, and changes in brain activity measured by EEG on the other hand. At behavioral level we assessed performances in daily life situations using the Goal Attainment Scale. Additionally, executive functioning was evaluated using the computerized Test of Attentional Performance battery before and after the intervention. A final article, in the form of a scoping review, lists all the main outcome criteria used as repeated measures in SCED studies to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive intervention at the individual level. Our results highlight moderate effects of the intervention, mainly visible in the long term, on both behavior and electrophysiology. Furthermore, it seems that transcranial stimulation did not enhance the effects of the intervention results were comparable in our two SCED studies, with at least one of the three objectives achieved for 8 patients out of 15 in both cases. Finally, the conclusions of the scoping review highlight the importance of choosing wisely the repeated measure in SCED studies, while providing a visual tool to aid in this choice. This thesis contributes to advancing knowledge on the rehabilitation of dysexecutive syndrome, allowing for the refinement of profiles of responder and non-responder patients to optimize their management. Furthermore, this work helps to better understand the impact of a cognitive program on brain activity. Future investigations are needed to identify more objective neurofunctional markers in EEG as effective rehabilitation predictors

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Garapati, Sri Harsha. "Analysis of single fiber pushout test of fiber reinforced composite with a nonhomogeneous interphase." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002951.

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Diego, Creixenti Rosa. "Design, synthesis and study of coordination complexes with spin crossover or single-molecule magnet properties." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673305.

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Spin crossover (SCO) complexes and single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are promising prototypes that can reach magnetic bistability within the molecular scale required for data storage. Despite the extensive library of versatile compounds exhibiting SCO and SMM behaviour, continuous growth in the knowledge of such molecular magnetic complexes is pursued to understand its fundamental insights. Here, we contribute on unveiling crucial aspects on their magnetic foundations. Starting from the synthesis of 3-bpp (bpp: 2-(pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(1H-pyrazol-3- yl)pyridine) derivatives, diverse mononuclear compounds of Fe(II) were accessed. The magnetic study of these compounds offered fruitful opportunities to unveil specific insights related to the SCO (Chapters 2 to 4). In chapter 2, we can drastically modulate the SCO temperature for a series of three Fe(II) derivatives of 1,3-bpp: [Fe(1,3-bpp)2](ClO4)2 (1), [Fe(met1,3-bpp)2](ClO4)2 (2), [Fe(dimet1,3-bpp)2] (ClO4)2 (3). The direct influence of the methyl substituents on the SCO temperature (with TSCO (3) > TSCO (1) > TSCO (2)), was observed through by magnetic studies in sold-state. In solution, the crystal packing is excluded as a contributor to their overall macroscopic properties, being the T1/2 tuned through ligand design. In Chapter 3, we studied the metal composition effects on the SCO thermal transition of compound [Fe(met1,3-bpp)2](ClO4)2 (2). For such purpose, the isostructural [Zn(met1,3-bpp)2](ClO4)2 (4) complex and the series [Fe1-xZnx(Me-1,3bpp)2](ClO4)2 (5x; 0.1, 0.153, 0.219, 0.333, 0.412, 0.476, 0.559 and 0.636) were synthesized. The structural study unveils the gradual evolution of the crystallographic parameters with the metal composition at three levels: at the local, at the level of intermolecular interactions and in terms of the crystal lattice parameters. We observed a decrease on the SCO temperature and an increase of the residual HS Fe (II) ascribed to the negative chemical pressure induced by the Zn(II). We quenched the samples at 2K, observing that the relaxation temperature of the metastable state, T(TIESST), is unaffected by the composition. In Chapter 4, an unprecedented heteroleptic compound, [FeL(bpp)](ClO4)2 (6), showing four markedly different magnetic responses at the same temperature range (300-340K) near room temperature is presented. The system undergoes a succession of irreversible phase transitions 6·ac → 6α → 6β → 6γ in the solid-state upon several thermal cycles. An intimate connection between the SCO and structural phase transitions (SPTs) through single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) is described. Compound (7·ac) is presented as good candidate for similar study. We tried to elucidate some insights on the importance of the N-H interactions within complex 6 by using its methylated derivative. Nevertheless, it was not possible since homoleptic [FeL2](ClO4)2·2H2O (8), [Fe(Me2bbp)2](ClO4)2 (9) complexes and the [FeL(H2O)2(C3H6O)](ClO4)2 ·2C3H6O (10) were obtained. The design of polytopic ligands containing pyrazolyl-pyridine moieties is discussed in chapter 5. Five new organic ligands (H2L3 to H2L7) were synthesized and fully characterized. A new promising synthetic route to access multitopic ligands, which allows to obtain satisfactorily ligand H2L8, is also proposed. A triple-stranded helicate [Co2(H2L)3]4+ (11) containing Co(II), which often behaves as SMM, was synthesized (Chapter 6). The metal displays an adequate geometry between the trigonal prismatic (TP) and the trigonal antiprismatic (TAP) to study its small axial anisotropy through solution paramagnetic 1H NMR and solid-state magnetometry. The study of the [CoZn(H2L)3]4+ (13) helicate allows to discard the intramolecular magnetic interactions as a source of the low magnetic anisotropy. Two new [Fe9] grid-like clusters composed of an unprecedented flat nanosheet with the formula [Fe9O4(OH)8] as an inorganic core are described in Chapter 7. Both polynuclear coordination complexes with the proposed molecular formula Fe9O4(OH)10(H2L2)6(H2O)4](BF4)5 (17) and [Fe9O4Cl6(OH)8(H2L2)6]4(Cl) (18) display an interesting magnetic behaviour. Considering its first formation together with triple-stranded helicates with the general formula Fe(C2O4)3@[Fe2(H2L2)3] (14, 15 and 16), their obtaining and isolation is discussed. In chapter 8, we describe the first attempt on identifying the dynamics of a broken symmetry states, [HS-LS] and [LS-HS], of a binuclear X@[Fe2(H2L)3]3+ (19 and 20) helicates on the millisecond timescale by using paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. New synthetically addressed jellyfish-like compounds, ([X@Fe(H2L5)3]2)3+ (24 to 27) were obtained by using the appropriate ligand H2L5 with additional aromatic groups concerning the original ditopic H2L ligand. Such compounds are attractive for studying in solution.
Los complejos de transición de espín (SCO) y los imanes moleculares (SMM) son prototipos prometedores que pueden alcanzar la biestabilidad magnética dentro de la escala molecular requerida para el almacenamiento de datos. A pesar de la extensa biblioteca de compuestos versátiles que exhiben estos comportamientos, actualmente, se siguen estudiando para comprender sus propiedades fundamentales. En esta tesis contribuimos en desvelar aspectos cruciales relacionadas con su fundamento magnético. A partir de la síntesis de derivados de 3-(bpp: 2-(pyrazol-1-yl)-6-(1H-pyrazol-3- yl)pyridine), se accedió a diversos compuestos mononucleares de Fe(II). El estudio magnético de estos compuestos ofrece una valiosa oportunidad para el análisis y comprensión de efectos específicos relacionados con el comportamiento de SCO en términos de: • Ajuste de la transición de SCO por diseño de ligando (capítulo 2) para la serie de complejos: [Fe(1,3-bpp)2](ClO4)2 (1), [Fe(met-1,3-bpp)2](ClO4)2 (2) y [Fe(dimet1,3-bpp)2] (ClO4)2 (3). • Estudio de los efectos cooperativos (capítulo 3) del complejo [Fe(met- 1,3bpp)2](ClO4)2 (2) usando los complejos isoestructurales [Zn(met1,3- bpp)2](ClO4)2 (4) y la serie de complejos [Fe1-xZnx(Me-1,3bpp)2](ClO4)2 (5x; 0.1, 0.153, 0.219, 0.333, 0.412, 0.476, 0.559 and 0.636). • Polimorfismo y estudio de la íntima relación entre los datos cristalográficos y magnéticos sobre una sucesión de transformaciones en estado sólido (Capítulo 4) del complejo [FeL(bpp)](ClO4)2 (6). El diseño de ligandos politópicos que contienen unidades pirazolil-piridina se analiza en el capítulo 5. Se sintetizaron y caracterizaron cinco nuevos ligandos orgánicos (H2L3-H2L7). También se propone una nueva ruta sintética prometedora para acceder a ligandos multitópicos, que permite obtener satisfactoriamente el ligando H2L8. A partir de estos ligandos se han sintetizado diversos tipos de compuestos supramoleculares con interesantes propiedades magnéticas: • [Co2(H2L)3]4+ (11) y [CoZn(H2L)3]4+ (13) para el estudio del comportamiento de SMM mediante 1H NMR paramagnético en solución (Capítulo 6). • Fe9O4(OH)10(H2L2)6(H2O)4](BF4)5 (17) y [Fe9O4Cl6(OH)8(H2L2)6]4(Cl) (18) con una estructura cuadriculada sin precedentes formada por el núcleo inorgánico, [Fe9O4(OH)8], sustentado por seis H2L2 ligandos (Capítulo 7). • Complejos binucleares de Fe(II), X@[Fe2(H2L)3]3+ (19-20) estudiados mediante el uso de espectroscopía de RMN paramagnética. Se presenta el primer intento en identificar la dinámica de sus estados de simetría-rota, [HS-LS] y [LS-HS]. Se obtuvieron nuevos compuestos dimerizados ([X@Fe(H2L5)3]2)3+ (24-27) atractivos para el estudió magnético en solución (Capítulo 8).

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Månsson, Ann. "A tailored skills training programme for professionals in primary health care to increase prescriptions of physical activity on prescription, FaR." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155614.

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ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and study the effects of a tailored behavioural skills intervention on the amount of FaR® prescribed, and to describe self-efficacy over time for prescribing FaR® in participants from primary health care units. Method: A quasi-experimental single-case design with multiple–baseline across time and settings was used. Each baseline had an ABC design, baseline (A), intervention (B) and post-intervention (C). The intervention was introduced across two different PHCUs at different times. It was seven participants included. Primary outcome measurements were repeatedly collected for participants in settings. The method was based on behavioural medicine principles. Key concepts from SCT theory was used in the intervention. Result: The result seemed to demonstrate an effect on the prescribing behaviour in terms of a slightly increased amount of prescribed FaR® during the intervention phase, even though not for all participants. It was no or short latency for the changed behaviour during intervention. Adopted behaviour was not maintained in the post-intervention phase. Self-efficacy for prescribing FaR® varied. The variation of overall self-efficacy between baseline and post-intervention was from -10% to 81%. Conclusion: This study indicated that a tailored skills training programme might have the potential to change the prescribing behaviour among professionals in primary health care. An intervention lasting for eleven weeks seemed not enough to maintain the achieved performance. No conclusion could be done on self-efficacy. Keywords: Quasi-experimental single-case design, physical activity on prescription FaR®, behavioural medicine, implementation, primary care.

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Pettersson, Anna, and Annika Östman. "Kan en strukturerad intensivundervisning inomordinarie undervisningstid i matematik vara gynnsam? : En experimentell fallstudie om en intervention med enskild intensivundervisning för elever i svårigheter med taluppfattning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-161365.

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I den här studien undersöktes fyra elevers kunskapsutveckling och inställning till ämnet matematik under en period av tre veckors intervention. Syftet var att mäta om en enskild intensivundervisning i matematik inom ordinarie undervisningstid kunde vara gynnsam för elever i svårigheter med taluppfattning. Ytterligare syfte var att se på om intensivundervisningen hade någon effekt på elevernas självskattning kring matematik. Studien är en experimentell fallstudie med multipel baslinje singlecase-design. Resultatet visade att interventionen har varit gynnsam för de ingående eleverna både vad gäller kunskapsutvecklingen och deras inställning och självskattning till ämnet.
This study investigates the knowledge progression of four pupils and their attitude to mathematics during a period of three weeks. The aim is to measure whether pupils with number sense problems could benefit from intensive one-to-one teaching of mathematics, within regular teaching hours. The study also aims to find out if intensive teaching affects the pupils´self-assessment regarding mathematics. An experimental case study, with multiple baseline singlecase design, has been used. The results indicate that the intervention has proved beneficial to the pupils in the study, when it comes to their knowledge progression as well as their attitude and self-assessment.

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Smyth, SiobhaÌn. "A preliminary investigation into the use of reminiscence and life review books as aids to promoting well-being for individuals with dementia : single case experimental designs." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436033.

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