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Статті в журналах з теми "Single and Multi-junction Solar Cells"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 вересня 2023

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1

Yamaguchi, Masafumi, Frank Dimroth, Nicholas J. Ekins-Daukes, Nobuaki Kojima, and Yoshio Ohshita. "Overview and loss analysis of III–V single-junction and multi-junction solar cells." EPJ Photovoltaics 13 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022020.

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Анотація:

The development of high-performance solar cells offers a promising pathway toward achieving high power per unit cost for many applications. Because state-of-the-art efficiencies of single-junction solar cells are approaching the Shockley-Queisser limit, the multi-junction (MJ) solar cells are very attractive for high-efficiency solar cells. This paper reviews progress in III–V compound single-junction and MJ solar cells. In addition, analytical results for efficiency potential and non-radiative recombination and resistance losses in III–V compound single-junction and MJ solar cells are presented for further understanding and decreasing major losses in III–V compound materials and MJ solar cells. GaAs single-junction, III–V 2-junction and III–V 3-junction solar cells are shown to have potential efficiencies of 30%, 37% and 47%, respectively. Although in initial stage of developments, GaAs single-junction and III–V MJ solar cells have shown low ERE values, ERE values have been improved as a result of several technology development such as device structure and material quality developments. In the case of III–V MJ solar cells, improvements in ERE of sub-cells are shown to be necessary for further improvements in efficiencies of MJ solar cells.

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2

Kim, Chae-Won, Gwang-Yeol Park, Jae-Cheol Shin, and Hyo-Jin Kim. "Efficiency Enhancement of GaAs Single-Junction Solar Cell by Nanotextured Window Layer." Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (January 8, 2022): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12020601.

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In order to improve efficiency of flexible III-V semiconductor multi-junction solar cells, it is important to enhance the current density for efficiency improvement and to attain an even efficiency of solar cells on a curved surface. In this study, the nanotextured InAlP window layer of a GaAs single-junction solar cell was employed to suppress reflectance in broad range. The nanotextured surface affects the reflectance suppression with the broad spectrum of wavelength, which causes it to increase the current density and efficiency of the GaAs single-junction solar cell and alleviate the efficiency drop at the high incident angle of the light source. Those results show the potential of the effectively suppressed reflectance of multi-junction solar cells and even performance of solar cells attached on a curved surface.

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3

Mintairov, M. A., V. V. Evstropov, S. A. Mintairov, M. Z. Shvarts, and N. A. Kalyuzhnyy. "Series spreading resistance in single- and multi-junction concentrator solar cells." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1038 (June 2018): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1038/1/012105.

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4

Thon, Susanna Mitrani, Arlene Chiu, Yida Lin, Hoon Jeong Lee, Sreyas Chintapalli, and Botong Qiu. "(Keynote) New Materials and Spectroscopies for Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 20 (October 9, 2022): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0220918mtgabs.

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Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are an attractive third-generation material for photovoltaics due to their solution-processability, lightweight and flexible nature, and bandgap tunability, allowing them to be used as infrared materials for multi-junction solar cells. Here, we describe several methods for building new lead sulfide-based CQD materials and thin films for improving efficiencies in both single-junction and multi-junction solar cells. First, we demonstrate that the power conversion efficiency in single-junction PbS CQD solar cells is limited in part by the performance of the hole transport layer (HTL), traditionally made from ethanedithiol-passivated lead sulfide CQDs, due to the sub-optimal carrier mobility and doping density in this material. We use sulfur doping of the HTL, as well as incorporation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide nanoflakes to address these issues and demonstrate absolute power conversion efficiency improvements of greater than 1% in single-junction devices. Next, we demonstrate a micrometer-resolution 2D characterization method with millimeter-scale field of view for assessing CQD solar cell film quality and uniformity. Our instrument simultaneously collects photoluminescence spectra, photocurrent transients, and photovoltage transients. We use this high-resolution morphology mapping to quantify the distribution and strength of the local optoelectronic property variations in CQD solar cells due to film defects, physical damage, and contaminants across nearly the entire test device area, and the extent to which these variations account for overall performance losses. We also use the massive data sets produced by this method to train machine learning models that take as input simple illuminated current-voltage measurements and output complex underlying materials parameters, greatly simplifying the characterization process for optoelectronic devices. Finally, we use artificial photonic band engineering as a method for achieving spectral selectivity in absorbing PbS CQD thin films for applications in multi-junction photovoltaics. We show that a structured periodic CQD thin film is able to maintain a photonic band structure, including the existence of a reduced photonic density of states, in the presence of weak material absorption, enabling modification of the absorption, transmission, and reflection spectra. We use a machine learning-based inverse design process to generate CQD thin film photonic structures with targeted absorption, transmission, and reflection spectra for multi-junction photovoltaics and narrow bandwidth photodetectors.

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5

MOUSLI, L., B. DENNAI, and B. AZEDDINE. "THEORETICAL SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE OF MULTI-JUNCTION SOLAR CELLS (PIN/ InGaN)." Journal of Ovonic Research 17, no. 1 (January 2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2021.171.11.

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In this study, we performed a numerical theoretical simulation of single-junction and dualjunction solar cells based on InGaN. This simulation calculates the electrical parameters, characteristics of each of the studied cells, such as absorption, open-circuit voltage (Vco), collection efficiency, short circuit density (Jsc), and form factor FF. We have optimized the cells top PIN (In0.62Ga0.38N) and bottom PIN (In0.81Ga0.19N), and a dual-junction cell. The conversation efficiency of the single junction PIN cells exceeds 23%, while it is 38% for the dual-junction cell. The temperature dependencies of single junction and dual-junction solar cells have been studied at temperatures ranging from 300˚K to 450˚K. The variation of the electrical parameters of each cell was simulated with increasing temperature and the simulation result was detailed in this study. This study was done under standard conditions (AM1.5, 1000mW/cm2 ) and the simulation was performed on an ANOC calculation code (the latter is available as an application on android devices).

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6

Krotkus, A., I. Nevinskas, R. Norkus, A. Geižutis, V. Strazdienė, V. Pačebutas, and T. Paulauskas. "Terahertz photocurrent spectrum analysis of AlGaAs/GaAs/GaAsBi multi-junction solar cells." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 56, no. 35 (June 2, 2023): 355109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/acd85d.

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Abstract Characterizing subcells in two-terminal multi-junction (M-J) solar cells is challenging due to the lack of direct electrical access. This work presents a novel contactless spectral characterization technique for analysing individual subcells. The technique involves probing terahertz (THz) radiation generated by femtosecond laser pulse excitation and varying the exciting wavelength to selectively absorb light in the desired subcell. The registered THz pulse integral is then proportional to the induced photocurrent in that subcell. The THz photocurrent spectroscopy technique is demonstrated on GaAs and AlGaAs single-junction solar cells, as well as on the triple-junction AlGaAs/GaAs/GaAsBi solar cell. The results show that the recently developed GaAsBi-based subcell, with a nominal energy bandgap of 1.0 eV, exhibits improved electron–hole separation efficiency and can enhance energy harvesting by M-J solar cells.

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7

Söderström, Karin, Grégory Bugnon, Franz-Josef Haug, and Christophe Ballif. "Electrically flat/optically rough substrates for efficiencies above 10% in n-i-p thin-film silicon solar cells." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.835.

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ABSTRACTSubstrates with extremely low roughness to allow the growth of good-quality silicon material but that nevertheless present high light trapping properties are presented. In a first application, silver reflectors are used in single and tandem-junction amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells. High initial (stable) efficiencies of 10.4 % (8.1 %) for single-junction a-Si:H cells on glass and 11.1 % (9.2 %) for tandem-junction a-Si:H/a-Si:H cells on plastic are obtained. A second application better suited to multi-junction solar cells based on microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) solar cells is presented: the substrate consists of rough zinc oxide (ZnO) grown on a flat silver reflector which is covered with a-Si:H; polishing of this structure yields an a-Si:H/ZnO interface that provides high light scattering even though the cell is deposited on a flat interface. We present results of ∼ 4-μm-thick μc-Si:H solar cells prepared on such substrates with high open-circuit voltages of 520 mV. A large relative efficiency gain of 20% is observed compared to a co-deposited cell grown directly on an optimized textured substrate.

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8

Rajpal, Bindiya, Shringar Gupta, Shivani Saxena, Shalini Jharia, and Gaurav Saxena. "Single Junction and Dual Junction Thin Film Solar Cells." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 45, no. 6 (March 25, 2017): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v45p251.

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9

Smirnov, V., F. Urbain, A. Lambertz, and F. Finger. "High Stabilized Efficiency Single and Multi-junction Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells." Energy Procedia 102 (December 2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.319.

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10

Isabella, O., S. Solntsev, D. Caratelli, and M. Zeman. "3-D optical modeling of single and multi-junction thin-film silicon solar cells on gratings." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.897.

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ABSTRACTThree-dimensional (3-D) optical modeling based on Finite Element Method of single, double, and triple junction thin-film silicon solar cells is presented. The combination of front periodic gratings with optimal geometrical parameters and rear ZnO/Ag reflector constitutes an efficient light trapping scheme for solar cells in superstrate (pin) configuration. The application of optimized trapezoidal 1-D and 2-D gratings resulted in 25.5% (1-D case) and 32.5% (2-D case) increase in photo-current density with respect to the flat solar cell. The application of inverted pyramidal 2-D gratings in double and triple junction silicon solar cells with very thin absorber layers resulted in a photo-current density > 11 mA/cm2 and > 9 mA/cm2, respectively.

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11

Islam, Muhammad Johirul, Sanjina Mostafa, and Md Iqbal Bahar Chowdhury. "Thickness Optimization of Single Junction Quantum well Solar Cell Using TCAD." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 18 (April 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijet.18.1.

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The efficiency increase by inserting quantum wells in a p-i-n solar cell has already been studied practically and theoretically over the years. Here we present a Multi-Quantum-well Single-Junction GaAs/GaSb solar cell which is simulated using Silvaco TCAD, where thicknesses of different layers have been varied to obtain the optimum thickness for maximum efficiency. Comparison is also presented for the same between the solar cells with and without the inclusion of quantum wells.

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12

Islam, Muhammad Johirul, Sanjina Mostafa, and Md Iqbal Bahar Chowdhury. "Thickness Optimization of Single Junction Quantum well Solar Cell Using TCAD." International Journal of Engineering and Technologies 18 (April 9, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-rq2260.

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Анотація:

The efficiency increase by inserting quantum wells in a p-i-n solar cell has already been studied practically and theoretically over the years. Here we present a Multi-Quantum-well Single-Junction GaAs/GaSb solar cell which is simulated using Silvaco TCAD, where thicknesses of different layers have been varied to obtain the optimum thickness for maximum efficiency. Comparison is also presented for the same between the solar cells with and without the inclusion of quantum wells.

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13

Salim, Sartaz Tabinna, Sayeda Anika Amin, K. M. A. Salam, and Mir Abdulla Al Galib. "Performance Analysis of a Multijunction Photovoltaic Cell Based on Cadmium Selenide and Cadmium Telluride." Advanced Materials Research 875-877 (February 2014): 1058–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.1058.

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A multi-junction photovoltaic cell based on group II-VI Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) and Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) with a single layer anti-reflective coating of Silicon Di Oxide (SiO2) has been introduced. In this paper we have performed a comparison of solar energy absorption of CdSe/CdTe cell with existing single and multi-junction cells. The cell has shown significant photon absorption in the spectral range of 300nm-2000nm with an efficiency of 34.6% under terrestrial AM1.5, 1 sun condition.

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14

Chatterjee, Somenath, Sumeet Singh, and Himangshu Pal. "Effect of Multijunction Approach on Electrical Measurements of Silicon and Germanium Alloy Based Thin-Film Solar Cell Using AMPS-1D." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/653206.

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Multijunction solar cells designed from silicon (Si)-germanium (Ge) alloy based semiconductor materials exhibit high theoretical efficiencies (19.6%) compared to the single junction one. The modeling calculations for all solar cells are done by AMPS 1D simulator. The structure of multi-junction i-layer is designed using heterolayers, starting from pure crystalline Si and increase of Ge mole fraction by 25% until pure Ge layer is reached. The top layer has the largest band gap, while the bottom layer has the smallest bandgap. This design allows less energetic photons to pass through the upper layer(s) and be absorbed by the layer below, which increases the overall efficiency of the solar cell. Material parameters required to model the absorber layers are calculated and incorporated in the AMPS 1D simulator for optimizing of solar cell parameter values. Simulation results show that considerable efficiency enhancement can be obtained from the addition of the multi-junction layer.

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15

Ko, Seo-Jin, Quoc Viet Hoang, Chang Eun Song, Mohammad Afsar Uddin, Eunhee Lim, Song Yi Park, Byoung Hoon Lee, et al. "High-efficiency photovoltaic cells with wide optical band gap polymers based on fluorinated phenylene-alkoxybenzothiadiazole." Energy & Environmental Science 10, no. 6 (2017): 1443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee03051c.

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A new series of wide band gap photovoltaic polymers based on a fluorinated phenylene-alkoxybenzothiadiazole unit with an optical band gap of over 1.90 eV are designed and utilized for high-performance single- and multi-junction bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells.

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16

Roldán-Carmona, Cristina, Olga Malinkiewicz, Rafael Betancur, Giulia Longo, Cristina Momblona, Franklin Jaramillo, Luis Camacho, and Henk J. Bolink. "High efficiency single-junction semitransparent perovskite solar cells." Energy Environ. Sci. 7, no. 9 (2014): 2968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee01389a.

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17

Li, Li, and Fu Jian Zong. "The Efficiency Limits of Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.1233.

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Анотація:

As one of the most promising of the alternative energy sources, there are many advantages of solar energy: low carbon emissions; abundant and secure supplies; favoring developing countries; being cheap to run and maintain. Solar photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity. This is achieved using semiconductors and some complicated physics. This paper explains how it works. The solar source of light energy is described and quantified, along with a review of the basic equations of photovoltaic device physics. Particular attention is given to efficiency limits for single-junction, tandem solar cells and triple junction solar cells. The efficiency of single-junction cells is presented as a function of the energy gap, and the efficiency of tandem cells is presented as a function of the energy gap of top and bottom cells.

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18

Xu, Juan, Kailiang Zhang, Yujie Yuan, Xinhua Geng, Fang Wang, and Yinping Miao. "Hydrogenated Microcrystalling Silicon Single-Junction NIP Solar Cells." ECS Transactions 44, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 1263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3694457.

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19

Peters, Ian Marius, and Tonio Buonassisi. "Energy Yield Limits for Single-Junction Solar Cells." Joule 2, no. 6 (June 2018): 1160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2018.03.009.

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20

Takamoto, T., E. Ikeda, H. Kurita, and M. Ohmori. "Structural optimization for single junction InGaP solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 35 (September 11, 1994): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90118-x.

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21

Hänni, Simon, Grégory Bugnon, Gaetano Parascandolo, Mathieu Boccard, Jordi Escarré, Matthieu Despeisse, Fanny Meillaud, and Christophe Ballif. "High-efficiency microcrystalline silicon single-junction solar cells." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 21, no. 5 (May 24, 2013): 821–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2398.

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22

van Deelen, Joop. "Photovoltaics: Upconversion Configurations versus Tandem Cells." MRS Advances 2, no. 52 (2017): 2997–3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2017.484.

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ABSTRACTFor a wide range of bandgaps of solar cell materials, the potential contribution of upconversion materials was calculated and related to various configurations of the solar cell and upconversion layers. Moreover, by comparing these various strategies with the potential of a dual junction tandem cell configuration, a compelling case is made for upconverters.At idealized 100% conversion efficiency, the upconverter with a single junction cell is more efficient than a dual junction tandem cell. It was also found that a single junction cell with an upconverter that is ‘only’ 80% efficient has a similar efficiency as an ideal dual junction cell. This result shows that upconverters are certainly a route worthwhile to pursue, especially because the single junction cells plus upconverters could have more cost reduction potential than dual junction cell configurations.Additionally, it was investigated if an upconverter that uses two different photon energies would create a large surplus in efficiency. For a cell band gap of 1.55 eV a theoretical maximum efficiency (here defined as Voc*Isc) of 54.5% was calculated. Although there is a further increase in efficiency compared to converters with a single conversion energy, very careful bandgap tuning with a tolerance < 0.02 eV is required, which makes this system rather sensitive for material and solar spectrum fluctuations and it is suggested that a simple upconverter material is a more favorable strategy.

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23

Mailoa, Jonathan P., Mitchell Lee, Ian M. Peters, Tonio Buonassisi, Alex Panchula, and Dirk N. Weiss. "Energy-yield prediction for II–VI-based thin-film tandem solar cells." Energy & Environmental Science 9, no. 8 (2016): 2644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ee01778a.

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Polycrystalline, thin-film tandem solar cells that leverage commercial II–VI semiconductor technologies as the top cell could overcome the practical conversion-efficiency limits of single-junction solar cells. In this paper we provide energy-yield calculation of a solar cell – single-junction and tandem – in a real-world climate conditions.

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24

Jost, Marko, and Marko Topic. "Efficiency limits in photovoltaics: Case of single junction solar cells." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 27, no. 4 (2014): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1404631j.

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The conversion efficiency of solar energy into electrical energy is the most important parameter when discussing solar cells, photovoltaic (PV) modules or PV power plants. So far many papers have been written to address the limiting efficiency of solar cells, the theoretical maximum conversion efficiency an ideal solar cell could achieve. However, most of the researches modelled sun?s spectrum as a blackbody which does not represent a realistic case. In this paper we have calculated the limiting efficiency as a function of absorbers band gap at standard test conditions using the solar spectrum AM1.5. In addition, the other key solar cells performance parameters (open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor) are evaluated while the intrinsic losses in the solar cells are also explained and presented in light of a cell temperature.

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25

Amiri, Samaneh, and Sajjad Dehghani. "Design and Simulation of Single-Junction and Multi-junction Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on Copper Tin Sulfide." Journal of Electronic Materials 49, no. 10 (August 13, 2020): 5895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08382-6.

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26

Mohamed El Amine, Boudia, Yi Zhou, Hongying Li, Qiuwang Wang, Jun Xi, and Cunlu Zhao. "Latest Updates of Single-Junction Organic Solar Cells up to 20% Efficiency." Energies 16, no. 9 (May 4, 2023): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093895.

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Single-junction organic solar cells have reached a power conversion efficiency of 20% with narrow bandgap non-fullerene electron acceptor materials such as Y6, as well as with large band gap electron donor materials and their derivatives. The power conversion efficiency improvement of single-junction organic solar cells is a result of highly efficient light harvesting in the near-infrared light range and reduced energy losses with the most promising active layer layout currently available, Bulk-Heterojunction. Ternary blending is known to be the most advanced strategy to construct Bulk-Heterojunction structures in organic solar cells at present. In this review, we examine different devices based on Bulk-Heterojunction structures with efficient electron donors and acceptors. Then, we review the performance of binary and ternary organic solar cells with high power conversion efficiency, in conjunction with different anode and cathode interfaces used in recent studies of high-power conversion efficiency. Finally, we present perspectives on the future development of single-junction organic solar cells.

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27

Park, Yubin, and Shanhui Fan. "Does non-reciprocity break the Shockley–Queisser limit in single-junction solar cells?" Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 11 (September 12, 2022): 111102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118129.

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The efficiency of single-junction solar cells is bounded by the Shockley–Queisser limit of 41%. However, standard derivation for this limit constrains the system to be reciprocal, and what non-reciprocity can bring for single-junction solar cells remains yet to be clarified. Here, we prove that even with non-reciprocity, the ultimate efficiency of single-junction solar cells is still subject to the Shockley–Queisser limit. We show that the Shockley–Queisser limit does not rely on the detailed balance, but rather is a consequence of the integrated balance between the absorption and emission processes, as required by the second law of thermodynamics.

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28

Barati-Boldaji, Reza, Sepide Mojalal, and Mohammad Reza Seifi. "Modeling and predictive control of InGap/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells to increase the energy conversion efficiency." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v8.i2.pp120-128.

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Physical studies of the last decade indicate that multi-junction solar cell has higher energy conversion efficiency than single-junction cells. However, choosing the type of material, modeling and finding the parameters of this type of cell has always been one of the leading challenges in this topic. Most of the proposed models are assumed to have predetermined electrical parameters of the cell or regardless of the effect of the tunnel junction, which reduces of the system. This paper discusses the modeling of solar cell triplejunction InGap/GaAs /Ge, taking into account the effect of a tunnel junction and finds the parameters of each subcellular deal. Also, predictive control will be used to control the active and reactive power of the single-phase inverter. The use of this method eliminates the need for the modulation module and the phase-lock loop (PLL). And simplifies the control algorithm for its digital implementation. The proposed cost function of this paper will be such that in addition to controlling the power of the inverter, the closed loop stability will be guaranteed based on the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the performance of the system using the software MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation will be evaluated.

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29

Li, Liang, Hao Lu, and Kaimo Deng. "Single CdSe nanobelts-on-electrodes Schottky junction solar cells." J. Mater. Chem. A 1, no. 6 (2013): 2089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ta00410k.

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30

Meillaud, F., A. Shah, C. Droz, E. Vallat-Sauvain, and C. Miazza. "Efficiency limits for single-junction and tandem solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90, no. 18-19 (November 2006): 2952–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.06.002.

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31

Létay, G., M. Hermle, and A. W. Bett. "Simulating single-junction GaAs solar cells including photon recycling." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 14, no. 8 (2006): 683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.699.

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32

Jang, Yoon Hee, Jang Mi Lee, Jung Woo Seo, Inho Kim, and Doh-Kwon Lee. "Monolithic tandem solar cells comprising electrodeposited CuInSe2 and perovskite solar cells with a nanoparticulate ZnO buffer layer." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 36 (2017): 19439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta06163c.

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Анотація:

Monolithically integrated, 2-terminal CuInSe₂–perovskite tandem solar cells are successfully fabricated using low-cost solution processes, demonstrating higher efficiency than the constituent single-junction devices.

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33

Zhang, Shuaiqing. "Two-Terminal Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: from Design to Commercial Prospect." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (December 27, 2022): 368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3780.

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Tandem Solar Cells (TSCs) with multi-junction are capable to break the SQ limit and achieve high PCE through absorbing larger range of light wavelength by multiple absorber layers with different band gaps. Perovskite solar cells are ideal light absorbing materials for TSC because of its high PCE, high suitability with other absorbers, low cost and easy fabrication. Perovskite-based TSCs have so far outperformed single-junction devices in PCE, garnering considerable interest from both academia and material industry. In this review, the basic science of perovskite Tandem Solar Cells (PTSCs) is presented, as well as the construction and properties of PSC as a top cell. Then three main types of PTSCs are introduced: Perovskite/Si, Perovskite/CIGS, and Perovskite/Perovskite including their design, challenges and fabrication methods. Finally, the current status and future prospects for commercialization of PTSCs are also discussed. According to recent developments, PTSCs are considered to be one of the most promising solar cells. Research on PTSCs could contribute to the development of desirable clean energy sources in order to solve the energy crisis and environmental problems of human beings.

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34

Jain, R. K., and D. J. Flood. "Monolithic and Mechanical Multijunction Space Solar Cells." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 115, no. 2 (May 1, 1993): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930027.

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High-efficiency, lightweight, radiation-resistant solar cells are essential to meet the large power requirements of future space missions. Single-junction cells are limited in efficiency. Higher cell efficiencies could be realized by developing multijunction, multibandgap solar cells. Monolithic and mechanically stacked tandem solar cells surpassing single-junction cell efficiencies have been fabricated. This article surveys the current status of monolithic and mechanically stacked multibandgap space solar cells, and outlines problems yet to be resolved. The monolithic and mechanically stacked cells each have their own problems related to size, processing, current and voltage matching, weight, and other factors. More information is needed on the effect of temperature and radiation on the cell performance. Proper reference cells and full-spectrum range simulators are also needed to measure efficiencies correctly. Cost issues are not addressed, since two approaches are still in the developmental stage.

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35

Corso, Roberto, Marco Leonardi, Rachela G. Milazzo, Andrea Scuto, Stefania M. S. Privitera, Marina Foti, Cosimo Gerardi, and Salvatore A. Lombardo. "Evaluation of Voltage-Matched 2T Multi-Junction Modules Based on Monte Carlo Ray Tracing." Energies 16, no. 11 (May 24, 2023): 4292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16114292.

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As Si single-junction technology is approaching its Shockley–Queisser theoretical limit, relevant efforts are being expended towards the development of multi-junction modules. In this work, we employ an optical model based on Monte Carlo ray tracing to compare four different multi-junction modules in a voltage-matched two-terminal (VM2T) configuration. In particular, we took into consideration the VM2T coupling of crystalline silicon cells with CuInxGa1-xSe2 (CIGS), CdTe, GaAs and perovskite (PVK) solar cells. We optimized the thicknesses of each layer in the top sub-module and determined the performance of VM2T modules in the Shockley–Queisser theoretical limit. We also considered the possibility of using modules in which the top Si surface is flat to determine the performance drop due to the absence of the texturization on the top Si surface. Moreover, we determined the optimal bandgap energy of PVK in a VM2T PVK/Si module as well as the highest efficiency achievable. Lastly, we show that when using state-of-the-art cells, the highest VM2T efficiency achievable for the considered materials is 34.2% under standard test conditions.

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36

Carmody, M., S. Mallick, J. Margetis, R. Kodama, T. Biegala, D. Xu, P. Bechmann, J. W. Garland, and S. Sivananthan. "Single-crystal II-VI on Si single-junction and tandem solar cells." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 15 (April 12, 2010): 153502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3386529.

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37

Raj, Vidur, Tuomas Haggren, Wei Wen Wong, Hark Hoe Tan, and Chennupati Jagadish. "Topical review: pathways toward cost-effective single-junction III–V solar cells." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 14 (December 3, 2021): 143002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac3aa9.

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Abstract III–V semiconductors such as InP and GaAs are direct bandgap semiconductors with significantly higher absorption compared to silicon. The high absorption allows for the fabrication of thin/ultra-thin solar cells, which in turn permits for the realization of lightweight, flexible, and highly efficient solar cells that can be used in many applications where rigidity and weight are an issue, such as electric vehicles, the internet of things, space technologies, remote lighting, portable electronics, etc. However, their cost is significantly higher than silicon solar cells, making them restrictive for widespread applications. Nonetheless, they remain pivotal for the continuous development of photovoltaics. Therefore, there has been a continuous worldwide effort to reduce the cost of III–V solar cells substantially. This topical review summarises current research efforts in III–V growth and device fabrication to overcome the cost barriers of III–V solar cells. We start the review with a cost analysis of the current state-of-art III–V solar cells followed by a subsequent discussion on low-cost growth techniques, substrate reuse, and emerging device technologies. We conclude the review emphasizing that to substantially reduce the cost-related challenges of III–V photovoltaics, low-cost growth technologies need to be combined synergistically with new substrate reuse techniques and innovative device designs.

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38

Das, A. K. "Numerical simulation of single junction solar cells using AMPS-1D." IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 6, no. 2 (2014): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/4861-06231520.

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39

Zheng, Bing, Jianling Ni, Shaman Li, Yuchen Yue, Jingxia Wang, Jianqi Zhang, Yongfang Li, and Lijun Huo. "Conjugated Mesopolymer Achieving 15% Efficiency Single‐Junction Organic Solar Cells." Advanced Science 9, no. 8 (January 22, 2022): 2105430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.202105430.

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40

Krügener, J., M. Rienäcker, S. Schäfer, M. Sanchez, S. Wolter, R. Brendel, S. John, H. J. Osten, and R. Peibst. "Photonic crystals for highly efficient silicon single junction solar cells." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 233 (December 2021): 111337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111337.

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41

He, Zhicai, Biao Xiao, Feng Liu, Hongbin Wu, Yali Yang, Steven Xiao, Cheng Wang, Thomas P. Russell, and Yong Cao. "Single-junction polymer solar cells with high efficiency and photovoltage." Nature Photonics 9, no. 3 (February 9, 2015): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2015.6.

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42

Fan, Baobing, Difei Zhang, Meijing Li, Wenkai Zhong, Zhaomiyi Zeng, Lei Ying, Fei Huang, and Yong Cao. "Achieving over 16% efficiency for single-junction organic solar cells." Science China Chemistry 62, no. 6 (March 11, 2019): 746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11426-019-9457-5.

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43

Ashida, Y. "Single-junction a-Si solar cells with over 13% efficiency." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 34, no. 1-4 (September 1994): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(94)90053-1.

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44

Chen, Jing-De, Chaohua Cui, Yan-Qing Li, Lei Zhou, Qing-Dong Ou, Chi Li, Yongfang Li, and Jian-Xin Tang. "Single-Junction Polymer Solar Cells Exceeding 10% Power Conversion Efficiency." Advanced Materials 27, no. 6 (November 18, 2014): 1035–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201404535.

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45

He, Rui, Xiaozhou Huang, Mason Chee, Feng Hao, and Pei Dong. "Carbon‐based perovskite solar cells: From single‐junction to modules." Carbon Energy 1, no. 1 (September 2019): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cey2.11.

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46

Alsalloum, Abdullah Y., Bekir Turedi, Khulud Almasabi, Xiaopeng Zheng, Rounak Naphade, Samuel D. Stranks, Omar F. Mohammed, and Osman M. Bakr. "22.8%-Efficient single-crystal mixed-cation inverted perovskite solar cells with a near-optimal bandgap." Energy & Environmental Science 14, no. 4 (2021): 2263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee03839c.

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Анотація:

A mixed-cation single-crystal lead-halide perovskite absorber layer was utilized to construct 22.8%-efficient solar cells with an expanded near infrared response that approaches the ideal bandgap range (1.1–1.4 eV) for single-junction solar cells.

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47

Soresi, Stefano, Mattia da Lisca, Claire Besancon, Nicolas Vaissiere, Alexandre Larrue, Cosimo Calo, José Alvarez, et al. "Epitaxy and characterization of InP/InGaAs tandem solar cells grown by MOVPE on InP and Si substrates." EPJ Photovoltaics 14 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2022027.

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Анотація:

The integration of III-V multi-junction solar cells on Si substrates is currently one of the most promising possibilities to combine high photovoltaic performance with a reduction of the manufacturing costs. In this work, we propose a prospective study for the realization of an InP/InGaAs tandem solar cell lattice-matched to InP on a commercially available Si template by direct MOVPE growth. The InP top cell and the InGaAs bottom cell were firstly separately grown and optimized using InP substrates, which exhibited conversion efficiencies of 13.5% and 11.4%, respectively. The two devices were then combined in a tandem device by introducing an intermediate InP/AlInAs lattice-matched tunnel junction, showing an efficiency of 18.4%. As an intermediate step towards the realization of the tandem device on Si, the InP and InGaAs single junction solar cells were grown on top of a commercial InP/GaP/Si template. This transitional stage enabled to isolate and evaluate the effects of the growth of III-V on Si on the photovoltaic performance through the comparison with the aforementioned devices on InP. Each cell was electrically characterized by external quantum efficiency and dark and illuminated current-voltage under solar simulator. The material quality was also analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, Atomic-Force Microscopy, Transmission Electron and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The III-V on Si devices showed efficiencies of 3.6% and 2.0% for the InP and InGaAs solar cells, respectively.

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48

Dutta, P., M. Rathi, D. Khatiwada, S. Sun, Y. Yao, B. Yu, S. Reed, et al. "Flexible GaAs solar cells on roll-to-roll processed epitaxial Ge films on metal foils: a route towards low-cost and high-performance III–V photovoltaics." Energy & Environmental Science 12, no. 2 (2019): 756–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee02553c.

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49

Chee, Kuan W. A., and Yuning Hu. "Design and optimization of ARC less InGaP/GaAs single-/multi-junction solar cells with tunnel junction and back surface field layers." Superlattices and Microstructures 119 (July 2018): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2018.03.071.

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50

Konstantakou, Maria, and Thomas Stergiopoulos. "A critical review on tin halide perovskite solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 23 (2017): 11518–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00929a.

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