Статті в журналах: "Simple RT"

1

Klebe, Robert J., Sylvia A. Rodriguez, Melissa L. VerBeek, and Troy A. Giambernardi. "Simple Method for “Hot-Starting” RT-PCR." BioTechniques 27, no. 6 (December 1999): 1108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/99276bm03.

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2

TAKASHIMA, Shimpei, Akihiro IKEZOE, Masayoshi KONDO, Daisuke JINNO, Tatsuhito HARU, Kazuya MURANAGA, Manabu IIDA, Masayuki NAGASE, and Hiroyuki NAKAMOTO. "1P1-C03 RT-Component of Scanning Laser Range Finder : Simple crime prevention system using RT-middleware." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2007 (2007): _1P1—C03_1—_1P1—C03_4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2007._1p1-c03_1.

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3

Kinugasa, Takashi, Keisuke Fukuda, Ryuichi Nakamura, and Toru Hosokawa. "Sequence of Preparatory Set for Response Movement." Perceptual and Motor Skills 66, no. 2 (April 1988): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.66.2.515.

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Electromyographic reaction times (EMG-RTs) of the right biceps brachii muscle were examined for two movement patterns, elbow flexion and forearm supination, in 8 healthy male subjects under simple and complex RT conditions with varied preparatory intervals (PIs): 0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 msec. In the simple RT condition, the subject was informed of the movement patterns to be performed prior to beginning the trials. In the complex RT condition the subject had to choose one of the two movement patterns at the time of the presentation of a warning signal. The results indicated that: (1) compared with the simple RT condition a delay of about 100 msec. in over-all mean EMG-RT was observed at PI = 0 msec. in the complex RT condition; (2) the difference of over-all mean EMG-RT between the two RT conditions disappeared when PI = 400 msec.; and (3) the difference in EMG-RTs between flexion and supination in the complex RT condition became the same as that in the simple RT condition when PI = 700 msec. It is assumed that the preparatory set for response movements is organized in an order, resulting in the differentiation of RT.

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4

Drummond, Neil M., Erin K. Cressman, and Anthony N. Carlsen. "Startle reveals decreased response preparatory activation during a stop-signal task." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00216.2016.

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In a stop-signal task participants are instructed to initiate a movement in response to a go signal, but to inhibit this movement if an infrequent stop signal is presented after the go. Reaction time (RT) in a stop-signal task is typically longer compared with that in a simple RT task, which may be attributed to a reduced readiness to initiate the response caused by the possibility of having to inhibit the response. The purpose of this experiment was to probe the preparatory activation level of the motor response during a stop-signal task using a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS), which has been shown to involuntarily trigger sufficiently prepared responses at a short latency. Participants completed two separate tasks: a simple RT task, followed by a stop-signal RT task. During both tasks, an SAS (120 dB) was pseudorandomly presented concurrently with the go signal. As expected, RT during the simple RT task was significantly shorter than during the stop-signal task. A significant reduction in RT was noted when an SAS was presented during the simple RT task; however, during the stop-signal task, an SAS resulted in either a significant speeding or a moderate delay in RT. Additionally, the subset of SAS trial responses with the shortest RT latencies produced during the stop-signal task were also delayed compared with the short-latency SAS trial responses observed during the simple RT task. Despite evidence that a response was prepared in advance of the go signal during a stop-signal task, it appears that the amount of preparatory activation was reduced compared with that achieved during a simple RT task.

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5

Mattes, Stefan, Rolf Ulrich, and Jeff Miller. "Effects of Response Probability on Response Force in Simple RT." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 50, no. 2 (May 1997): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755714.

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Response force (RF) was measured in a simple reaction time (RT) experiment varying response uncertainty by cuing the probability of the response on each trial. In all cases, RF decreased as response probability increased. The dependence of RF on response probability was insensitive to foreperiod length and to the use of loud auditory response signals, although the dependence of RT on response probability was sensitive to both of these manipulations. In combination with previous findings, these results provide evidence that RT and RF can be dissociated. We describe an extension of Näätanen's readiness model that can account for the effects of response probability on RF and RT. According to this model, the distance between motor activation and a threshold for action is relatively large when subjects are unprepared, and a large increment is needed to exceed this threshold, resulting in slow but foreceful responses. A possible neurophysiological implementation of this model is suggested.

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6

Nielsen, Darhl, and Carl McGown. "Information Processing as a Predictor of Offensive Ability in Baseball." Perceptual and Motor Skills 60, no. 3 (June 1985): 775–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.60.3.775.

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It has become very popular to view the human as a processor of information, with reaction time (RT) used in various ways to measure the speed of information processing. In many sports quick decisions are essential to success. It is tempting to study reaction time, infer information-processing ability, and use the results to make predictions about success. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between various RT and movement time (MT) measures [simple RT, simple MT, simple total response time (TRT), choice RT, choice MT, choice TRT, and information-processing ability as determined by the increase in RT from simple to eight-choice conditions] with batting average, slugging percentage, and total average. 40 varsity baseball players from Colorado State University, University of Wyoming, University of Utah, and Brigham Young University were given 24 practice attempts followed by 48 experimental attempts for both simple and choice RT and MT. These scores were then correlated with batting averages, slugging percentages, and total averages. This research demonstrated no relationship between the various measurements of reaction and movement times and offensive ability in baseball.

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7

Urban, M., R. Rozental, and D. C. Spray. "A simple RT-PCR-based strategy for screening connexin identity." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 32, no. 8 (August 1999): 1029–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x1999000800014.

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8

Mattes, Stefan, Rolf Ulrich, and Jeff Miller. "Effects of Response Probability on Response Force in Simple RT." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology A 50, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 405–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/027249897392152.

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9

Saron, C. D., H. G. Vaughan, J. J. Foxe, and G. V. Simpson. "Multiple Visuomotor Activation and Motor Output Pathways in Simple RT." NeuroImage 7, no. 4 (May 1998): S960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31793-2.

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10

Ningrum, Esti Prasetya, Sedyo Hartono, Sri Sulandari, and Susamto Somowiyarjo. "Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Crinivirus Detection Using RNA Prepared from Three Extraction Methods on Tomato Plant." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 23, no. 2 (December 3, 2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.36558.

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Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) are members of the Crinivirus genus that induces yellowing symptoms in tomato plants. Detection of both viruses is generally carried out singly, thus it is necessary to develop a fast, accurate and efficient detection method to detect multiple viruses simultaneously in an effort to determine the suitable disease management strategies. This study was aimed to detect both viruses using the multiplex RT-PCR method and evaluate three methods of total RNA preparation used from tomato plants as RT-PCR templates. The methods evaluated were simple direct tube (SDT), simple dsRNA, and commercial kit (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit) as a comparison. The total source of RNA came from Crinivirus symptomatic tomato leaves from Kopeng, and Ketep (Central Java); Pakem (Yogyakarta); Malang (East Java); and Bogor (West Java). Single RT-PCR and multiplex RT-PCR using specific primers CPd I/CPd II and ToCV CF/ToCV CR with DNA band targets of 760 bp and 360 bp. The SDT and dsRNA methods have been successful in obtaining total RNA and viral RNA from tomato leaf samples. Total RNA RT-PCR with simple SDT and dsRNA methods followed by multiplex RT-PCR produces specific DNA band intensities that are comparable to Kit. RNA preparation with SDT and simple dsRNA methods is a simple, fast, easy and affordable method in providing templates for RT-PCR. Multiplex RT-PCR technique using two pairs of specific primers CPd I/CPd II and ToCV CF/ToCV CR is suitable for simultaneous testing of TICV and ToCV.

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11

Stuss, D. T., L. L. Stethem, T. W. Picton, E. E. Leech, and G. Pelchat. "Traumatic Brain Injury, Aging and Reaction Time." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 16, no. 2 (May 1989): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100028833.

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ABSTRACT:The effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and aging were compared on tests of simple and complex reaction time (RT). Simple RT was not significantly affected by aging or TBI. TBI patients, however, tended to be slower on Simple RT tasks, and had a larger standard deviation. Individuals over age 60 and patients of any age with TBI demonstrated slower RT with choice RT tests. In addition, both groups (those over 60 and TBI patients) were less able than other groups to inhibit the processing of redundant information. For the TBI patients, this occurred primarily on reassessment. These results suggest that the deficit in both aging and TBI is not only a generalized neuronal slowing but a more specific impairment in attentional control processes, exhibited as a deficit in focused attention.

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12

Ito, Masanobu. "Effects of the Similarity of Required Responses on Fractionated Reaction Time." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 1 (February 1997): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.1.159.

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In a previous study, Ito (1990) who used a rapid two-element force-production task, found that the simple reaction time (RT) to initiate the second element was shorter when a sequence was made up of homogeneous elements than when a sequence was made up of heterogeneous elements. The purpose of the present study was to replicate and extend the earlier experiment by adding a control condition and by fractionating RT into premotor time and motor time. Simple RT, premotor time, and motor time to initiate the first element were not different across conditions, suggesting the possibility of distributed programming of the sequence elements. The homogeneous condition, however, produced shorter simple RT and premotor time to initiate the second element than did the heterogeneous and control conditions, which were not significantly different from each other. These findings were discussed in terms of different programming demand during the RT interval.

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13

Sirico, Felice, Veronica Romano, Anna Maria Sacco, Immacolata Belviso, Vittoria Didonna, Daria Nurzynska, Clotilde Castaldo, et al. "Effect of Video Observation and Motor Imagery on Simple Reaction Time in Cadet Pilots." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 5, no. 4 (December 5, 2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5040089.

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Neuromotor training can improve motor performance in athletes and patients. However, few data are available about their effect on reaction time (RT). We investigated the influence of video observation/motor imagery (VO/MI) on simple RT to visual and auditory stimuli. The experimental group comprised 21 cadets who performed VO/MI training over 4 weeks. Nineteen cadets completed a sham intervention as control. The main outcome measure was RT to auditory and visual stimuli for the upper and lower limbs. The RT to auditory stimuli improved significantly post-intervention in both groups (control vs. experimental mean change for upper limbs: −40 ms vs. −40 ms, p = 0.0008; for lower limbs: −50 ms vs. −30 ms, p = 0.0174). A trend towards reduced RT to visual stimuli was observed (for upper limbs: −30 ms vs. −20 ms, p = 0.0876; for lower limbs: −30 ms vs. −20 ms, p = 0.0675). The interaction term was not significant. Only the specific VO/MI training produced a linear correlation between the improvement in the RT to auditory and visual stimuli for the upper (r = 0.703) and lower limbs (r = 0.473). In conclusion, VO/MI training does not improve RT when compared to control, but it may be useful in individuals who need to simultaneously develop a fast response to different types of stimuli.

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14

Ghisletta, Paolo, Olivier Renaud, Delphine Fagot, Thierry Lecerf, and Anik de Ribaupierre. "Age and sex differences in intra-individual variability in a simple reaction time task." International Journal of Behavioral Development 42, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025417739179.

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While age effects in reaction time (RT) tasks across the lifespan are well established for level of performance, analogous findings have started appearing also for indicators of intra-individual variability (IIV). Children are not only slower, but also display more variability than younger adults in RT. Yet, little is known about potential moderating sex effects on RT-IIV. We analyzed responses in a simple RT task with 120 trials in children, younger, and older adults. To best capture sex differences we used generalized additive models (GAMs), a semi-parametric regression approach, to fit splines relating nonlinearly age to RT, and capable of testing sex differences therein. This method is more adequate to test sex differences in nonlinear age relations than polynomial regression. Results show that (a) males are faster than females (except in the older adults), and (b) in younger and older adults, males are less variable than females. No sex difference in IIV emerged in children. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that sex differences in RT variability may be attributable to brain effects of sex hormones, in particular estrogen, whose receptors are present in several brain regions involved in information processing and attention, which are systems involved in the regulation of variability in information processing. Thus, according to this hypothesis, sex differences in RT-IIV should be present after puberty, but not in pre-pubertal children.

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15

Rovira, Albert, Juan Abrahante, Michael Murtaugh, and Muñoz-Zanzi Claudia. "Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Detection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 21, no. 3 (May 2009): 350–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870902100308.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen of swine. The objective of the current study is to investigate the feasibility of using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) for the detection of PRRSV. The RT-LAMP is a recently described DNA amplification technique reported to be simple, inexpensive, fast, and accurate. The RT-LAMP reaction was set up using 2 sets of primers that were designed to detect North American and European strains of PRRSV and performed successfully in a simple heat block. The specificity of the amplified product was demonstrated by restriction analysis. The RT-LAMP was able to detect 5 different PRRSV isolates. However, the limit of detection ranged between 10 2 and 10 4 50% tissue culture infective dose/ml. The RT-LAMP was further evaluated using serum samples from animals of known infection status. The ability of RT-LAMP to detect PRRSV in serum from acutely infected animals was evaluated with 114 serum samples from 18 experimentally inoculated boars. Forty-nine of these samples tested positive by RT-LAMP, while 94 were positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The diagnostic specificity, evaluated with 100 known negative serum samples, was estimated as 99%. The feasibility of RT-LAMP to detect PRRSV was demonstrated in the current study. The RT-LAMP reaction could be performed in just 1 hr with a simple and inexpensive heat block. However, the sensitivity of this technique was significantly lower than that of RT-PCR.

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16

Chen, Yalin, and Jamie I. D. Campbell. "Transfer of training in simple addition." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 6 (January 1, 2018): 1312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1318295.

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In recent years, several researchers have proposed that skilled adults may solve single-digit addition problems (e.g., 3 + 1 = 4, 4 + 3 = 7) using a fast counting procedure. Practicing a procedure often leads to transfer of learning and faster performance of unpracticed items. Such transfer has been demonstrated using a counting-based alphabet arithmetic task (e.g., B + 4 = C D E F) that indicated robust generalization of practice (i.e., response time [RT] gains) when untrained transfer problems at test had been implicitly practiced (e.g., practice B + 3, test B + 2 or B + 1). Here, we constructed analogous simple addition problems (practice 4 + 3, test 4 + 2 or 4 + 1). In each of three experiments (total n = 108), participants received six practice blocks followed by two test blocks of new problems to examine generalization effects. Practice of addition identity rule problems (i.e., 0 + N = N) showed complete transfer of RT gains made during practice to unpracticed items at test. In contrast, the addition ties (2 + 2, 3 + 3, etc.) presented large RT costs for unpracticed problems at test, but sped up substantially in the second test block. This pattern is consistent with item-specific strengthening of associative memory. The critical items were small non-tie additions (sum ≤ 10) for which the test problems would be implicitly practiced if counting was employed during practice. In all three experiments (and collectively), there was no evidence of generalization for these items in the first test block, but there was robust speed up when the items were repeated in the second test block. Thus, there was no evidence of the generalization of practice that would be expected if counting procedures mediated our participants’ performance on small non-tie addition problems.

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17

Graham, Thomas G. W., Claire Dugast-Darzacq, Gina M. Dailey, Xammy H. Nguyenla, Erik Van Dis, Meagan N. Esbin, Abrar Abidi, Sarah A. Stanley, Xavier Darzacq, and Robert Tjian. "Open-source RNA extraction and RT-qPCR methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): e0246647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246647.

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Re-opening of communities in the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has ignited new waves of infections in many places around the world. Mitigating the risk of reopening will require widespread SARS-CoV-2 testing, which would be greatly facilitated by simple, rapid, and inexpensive testing methods. This study evaluates several protocols for RNA extraction and RT-qPCR that are simpler and less expensive than prevailing methods. First, isopropanol precipitation is shown to provide an effective means of RNA extraction from nasopharyngeal (NP) swab samples. Second, direct addition of NP swab samples to RT-qPCRs is evaluated without an RNA extraction step. A simple, inexpensive swab collection solution suitable for direct addition is validated using contrived swab samples. Third, an open-source master mix for RT-qPCR is described that permits detection of viral RNA in NP swab samples with a limit of detection of approximately 50 RNA copies per reaction. Quantification cycle (Cq) values for purified RNA from 30 known positive clinical samples showed a strong correlation (r2 = 0.98) between this homemade master mix and commercial TaqPath master mix. Lastly, end-point fluorescence imaging is found to provide an accurate diagnostic readout without requiring a qPCR thermocycler. Adoption of these simple, open-source methods has the potential to reduce the time and expense of COVID-19 testing.

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18

Struck, Friedhelm, and John Collins. "Simple and rapid 5′ and 3′ extension techniques in RT-PCR." Nucleic Acids Research 22, no. 10 (1994): 1923–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.10.1923.

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19

OOTANI, Ikumi, and Yuichi YAGUCHI. "The Simple Robot Prototyping for RT-Middleware of The FaBo.inc Sensors." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2017 (2017): 2A2—K12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2017.2a2-k12.

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20

Sano, Mary, Wilma Rosen, Yaakov Stern, Jeffrey Rosen, and Richard Mayeux. "Simple reaction time as a measure of global attention in Alzheimer's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 1, no. 1 (January 1995): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617700000102.

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AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive decline in memory, language and other cognitive functions. Deficits in attentional processes have also been suggested. A simple reaction time (RT) task was used to assess global attention in AD. The length and consistency of a warning signal given prior to the response stimulus were manipulated to determine if patients with AD and age-matched controls benefit from predictability in RT tasks. Overall reaction time was slower in the AD group than in the and control group. Both groups demonstrated significant improvement in RT with long warning signals compared to short warning signals, but only the control group benefited from the consistency of the warning. (JINS, 1995, I, 56–61.)

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21

Uribe-Alvarez, Cristina, Quynh Lam, Don A. Baldwin, and Jonathan Chernoff. "Low saliva pH can yield false positives results in simple RT-LAMP-based SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0250202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250202.

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Diagnosis of any infectious disease is vital for opportune treatment and to prevent dissemination. RT-qPCR tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, are ideal in a hospital environment. However, mass testing requires cheaper and simpler tests, especially in settings that lack sophisticated machinery. The most common current diagnostic method is based on nasopharyngeal sample collection, RNA extraction, and RT-qPCR for amplification and detection of viral nucleic acids. Here, we show that samples obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs in VTM and in saliva can be used with or without RNA purification in an isothermal loop-mediated amplification (LAMP)-based assay, with 60–93% sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection as compared to standard RT-qPCR tests. A series of simple modifications to standard RT-LAMP published methods to stabilize pH fluctuations due to salivary acidity resulted in a significant improvement in reliability, opening new avenues for efficient, low-cost testing of COVID-19 infection.

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22

Janicijevic, Danica, Sergio Miras-Moreno, Alejandro Pérez Castilla, Jesus Vera, Beatriz Redondo, Raimundo Jiménez, and Amador García-Ramos. "Association of military-specific reaction time performance with physical fitness and visual skills." PeerJ 10 (September 1, 2022): e14007. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14007.

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Background The aim of the present study was to explore whether military-specific reaction time (RT) test performance is affected by individuals’ physical and visual skills. Method In a single testing session, the military-specific Simple and Go, No-Go RT, aerobic power (20-m Multistage Shuttle Run test), maximal upper- and lower-body mechanical capacities (bench press and squat against different loads), and visual skills (multiple object tracking and dynamic visual acuity) of 30 young men (15 active-duty military personnel and 15 sport science students) were evaluated. Results The main findings revealed that the Simple RT and Go, No-Go RT presented (1) with aerobic power non-significant small correlations in military personnel (r = −0.39 and −0.35, respectively) and non-significant negligible correlations in sport science students (r = −0.10 and 0.06, respectively), (2) inconsistent and generally non-significant correlations with the maximal mechanical capacities of the upper- and lower-body muscles (r range = −0.10, 0.67 and −0.27, 0.48, respectively), (3) non-significant correlations with visual skills (r magnitude ≥ 0.58) with the only exception of the Go, No-Go RT that was significantly correlated to all visual variables in the group of students (i.e., students who achieved better results during visual tests had shorter RT; r magnitude ≥ 0.58), and (4) none of the physical and visual variables significantly predicted the Simple RT or Go, No-Go RT. Conclusion Altogether, these results indicate that military-specific RT performance is generally independent of physical and visual skills in both military personnel and active university students.

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23

Stark, Rudolf, Anne Schienle, René Klöpper, and Dieter Vaitl. "Effects of Magnetic Stimulation through VLF-Sferics on Reaction Time." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 3 (June 1998): 808–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.3.808.

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24

García-Bernalt Diego, Juan, Pedro Fernández-Soto, Marta Domínguez-Gil, Moncef Belhassen-García, Juan Luis Muñoz Bellido, and Antonio Muro. "A Simple, Affordable, Rapid, Stabilized, Colorimetric, Versatile RT-LAMP Assay to Detect SARS-CoV-2." Diagnostics 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11030438.

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced all countries worldwide to rapidly develop and implement widespread testing to control and manage the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). reverse-transcription (RT)-qPCR is the gold standard molecular diagnostic method for COVID-19, mostly in automated testing platforms. These systems are accurate and effective, but also costly, time-consuming, high-technological, infrastructure-dependent, and currently suffer from commercial reagent supply shortages. The reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) can be used as an alternative testing method. Here, we present a novel versatile (real-time and colorimetric) RT-LAMP for the simple (one-step), affordable (~1.7 €/sample), and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 targeting both ORF1ab and N genes of the novel virus genome. We demonstrate the assay on RT-qPCR-positive clinical samples, obtaining most positive results under 25 min. In addition, a novel 30-min one-step drying protocol has been developed to stabilize the RT-LAMP reaction mixtures, allowing them to be stored at room temperature functionally for up to two months, as predicted by the Q10. This Dry-RT-LAMP methodology is suitable for potentially ready-to-use COVID-19 diagnosis. After further testing and validation, it could be easily applied both in developed and in low-income countries yielding rapid and reliable results.

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25

Olson, Robert A., Vincent LaPointe, Alex Benny, Matthew Chan, Shilo Lefresne, and Michael McKenzie. "Evaluation of Patient-Reported Outcome Differences by Radiotherapy Techniques for Bone Metastases in A Population-Based Healthcare System." Current Oncology 29, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 2073–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29030167.

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We assessed whether advanced RT techniques were associated with differences in patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Patients with bone metastases who completed the brief pain inventory (BPI) before and after RT were identified, and RT technique was categorized as simple (e.g., parallel opposed pair) or advanced (e.g., 3D-conformal RT (3DCRT), intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), or stereotactic ablative RT (SABR)). Pain response and patient-reported interference on quality of life secondary to pain was compared. A total of 1712 patients completed the BPI. From 2017–2021, the rate of advanced RT technique increased significantly (p < 0.001; 2.4%, 2.4%, 9.7%, 5.5%, 9.3%), with most advanced techniques consisting of IMRT, and only 7% of advanced techniques were SABR. Comparing simple vs. advanced technique, neither the complete pain response (12.3% vs. 11.4%; p = 0.99) nor the partial pain response (50.0% vs. 51.8%; p = 0.42) was significantly different. There was no significant patient-reported difference in pain interfering with general activity, mood, walking ability, normal work, relationships, sleep, or enjoyment of life. Given that there is increasing utilization of advanced RT techniques, there is further need for randomized trials to assess their benefits given the increased cost and inconvenience to patients.

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Yoshikawa, Rokusuke, Haruka Abe, Yui Igasaki, Saeki Negishi, Hiroaki Goto, and Jiro Yasuda. "Development and evaluation of a rapid and simple diagnostic assay for COVID-19 based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 11 (November 4, 2020): e0008855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008855.

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic novel coronavirus that has caused a worldwide outbreak. Here we describe a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay that uses a portable device for efficient detection of SARS-CoV-2. This RT-LAMP assay specifically detected SARS-CoV-2 without cross-reacting with the most closely related human coronavirus, SARS-CoV. Clinical evaluation of nasal swab samples from suspected SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19) patients showed that the assay could detect over 23.7 copies within 15 min with a 100% probability. Since the RT-LAMP assay can be performed with a portable battery-supported device, it is a rapid, simple, and sensitive diagnostic assay for COVID-19 that can be available at point-of-care. We also developed the RT-LAMP assay without the RNA extraction step–Direct RT-LAMP, which could detect more than 1.43 x 103 copies within 15 min with a 100% probability in clinical evaluation test. Although the Direct RT-LAMP assay was less sensitive than the standard RT-LAMP, the Direct RT-LAMP assay can be available as the rapid first screening of COVID-19 in poorly equipped areas, such as rural areas in developing countries.

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Hong, Su-Bin, Hae-Ryun Kwak, Mi-Kyeong Kim, Jang-Kyun Seo, Jun-Sung Shin, Jung-Heon Han, Jeong-Soo Kim, and Hong-Soo Choi. "Simple and Rapid Detection for Rice stripe virus Using RT-PCR and Porous Ceramic Cubes." Research in Plant Disease 21, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2015.21.4.321.

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28

Yang, Zhu, Nicole Y. Liu, Zhiwei Zhu, Minmin Xiao, Shuzhi Zhong, Qiqi Xue, Lina Nie, and Jinhong Zhao. "Rapid and convenient detection of SARS-CoV-2 using a colorimetric triple-target reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method." PeerJ 10 (October 10, 2022): e14121. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14121.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant threat to global public health. Early detection with reliable, fast, and simple assays is crucial to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is currently the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection; however, the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (RT-LAMP) assay may allow for faster, simpler and cheaper screening of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the triple-target RT-LAMP assay was first established to simultaneously detect three different target regions (ORF1ab, N and E genes) of SARS-CoV-2. The results revealed that the developed triplex RT-LAMP assay was able to detect down to 11 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA per 25 µL reaction, with greater sensitivity than singleplex or duplex RT-LAMP assays. Moreover, two different indicators, hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB) and cresol red, were studied in the colorimetric RT-LAMP assay; our results suggest that both indicators are suitable for RT-LAMP reactions with an obvious color change. In conclusion, our developed triplex colorimetric RT-LAMP assay may be useful for the screening of COVID-19 cases in limited-resource areas.

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Lee, Jiahn-Shing, Shih-Tsung Chang, Li-Chuan Shieh, Ai-Yin Lim, Wei-Sheng Peng, Wei-Min Chen, Yen-Hsiu Liu, and Lai-Chu See. "Stereopsis and Response Times between Collegiate Table Tennis Athletes and Non-Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 6287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126287.

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Table tennis athletes and non-athletes potentially differ in stereopsis and eye–hand response times (RT), but whether stereopsis correlates with response time has scarcely been discussed. We aimed to compare stereopsis and RT between collegiate table tennis athletes and non-athletes and to examine the correlation between stereopsis and RT. From December 2016 to October 2019, table tennis athletes (n = 80) and non-athletes (n = 56) were recruited. Stereopsis was measured in four modes (A25, A50, R25, R50: approaching and receding directions at 25 mm/s or 50 mm/s). RT was measured with simple and choice tasks at zero, shoulder, and random distance. For stereopsis, the judged deviations were smaller during the approaching phases. Men had smaller A25 than women (p =0.012), whereas table tennis athletes showed smaller R25 and A50 than non-athletes (p = 0.03, 0.01, respectively). RT increased from simple to choice conditions and from zero to random, followed by shoulder distance. Men were significantly faster than women in choice tasks (p < 0.01). Table tennis athletes performed better in RT than the non-athletes (p < 0.05). No correlation was observed between stereopsis and RT (r = −0.01 to 0.12). In conclusion, athletes from table tennis sports showed better stereopsis and RT than non-athletes. Men had better stereopsis and RT than women. There was no correlation between stereopsis and RT.

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Rahmi, Amelia, Fredi Andria, and Salmah Salmah. "Increasing Financial Literacy in RT RW net Indonesia Cooperatives and Msmes Through Simple Bookkeeping." International Journal of Research in Community Services 4, no. 1 (February 2, 2023): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijrcs.v4i1.381.

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This Community Service activity aims to increase financial literacy in RT RW Net Indonesia Cooperatives and MSMEs in Tugubandung Village through simple bookkeeping training. The background of this activity is the phenomenon of cooperatives and MSMEs who have yet to realize the importance of simple bookkeeping and have yet to prepare financial reports. The method for implementing this community service activity is to provide training in preparing simple financial statements. The implication of this community service activity is to increase the knowledge and ability of Cooperative managers and MSMEs owners to present financial reports through simple bookkeeping. By keeping simple bookkeeping, Cooperatives and MSMEs can have competitiveness and strengthen the economic pillars in achieving sustainable economic development goals.

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Martel, Fatima, Dirk Grundemann, and Edgar Schomig. "A Simple Method for Elimination of False Positive Results in RT-PCR." BMB Reports 35, no. 2 (March 31, 2002): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2002.35.2.248.

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32

Dodds, Patt, and Judith H. Placek. "Silverman's RT–PE Review: Too Simple a Summary of a Complex Field." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 62, no. 4 (December 1991): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1991.10607534.

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Mukesh, Mukesh B., Gillian C. Barnett, Jennifer S. Wilkinson, Anne M. Moody, Charles Wilson, Leila Dorling, Charleen Chan Wah Hak, et al. "Randomized Controlled Trial of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Early Breast Cancer: 5-Year Results Confirm Superior Overall Cosmesis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 36 (December 20, 2013): 4488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.49.7842.

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Purpose There are few randomized controlled trial data to confirm that improved homogeneity with simple intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) decreases late breast tissue toxicity. The Cambridge Breast IMRT trial investigated this hypothesis, and the 5-year results are reported. Patients and Methods Standard tangential plans of 1,145 trial patients were analyzed; 815 patients had inhomogeneous plans (≥ 2 cm3 receiving 107% of prescribed dose: 40 Gy in 15 fractions over 3 weeks) and were randomly assigned to standard radiotherapy (RT) or replanned with simple IMRT; 330 patients with satisfactory dose homogeneity were treated with standard RT and underwent the same follow-up as the randomly assigned patients. Breast tissue toxicities were assessed at 5 years using validated methods: photographic assessment (overall cosmesis and breast shrinkage compared with baseline pre-RT photographs) and clinical assessment (telangiectasia, induration, edema, and pigmentation). Comparisons between different groups were analyzed using polychotomous logistic regression. Results On univariate analysis, compared with standard RT, fewer patients in the simple IMRT group developed suboptimal overall cosmesis (odds ratio [OR], 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.96; P = .027) and skin telangiectasia (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.92; P = .021). No evidence of difference was seen for breast shrinkage, breast edema, tumor bed induration, or pigmentation. The benefit of IMRT was maintained on multivariate analysis for both overall cosmesis (P = .038) and skin telangiectasia (P = .031). Conclusion Improved dose homogeneity with simple IMRT translates into superior overall cosmesis and reduces the risk of skin telangiectasia. These results are practice changing and should encourage centers still using two-dimensional RT to implement simple breast IMRT.

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Mojica, Jose Alvin P., Ryuichi Nakamura, Yoshiaki Yamada, and Ichiro Tsuji. "Effect of Reaction Time Condition on EMG Activities of the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Elbow Flexion and Forearm Supination." Perceptual and Motor Skills 67, no. 3 (December 1988): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1988.67.3.807.

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Under simple- and choice-RT conditions, the biceps brachii muscle was examined in 8 healthy male subjects to determine how the temporal and spatial characteristics of elbow flexion and forearm supination differed at the initial phase of EMG activity and whether preparation or the presence of response uncertainty influenced the EMG outputs of the two movements. In the simple-RT condition, RT of supination was significantly faster than that of flexion but EMG activity of supination was less than that of flexion. In contrast, in the choice-RT condition, RT of flexion was significantly faster than that of supination but EMG activity of flexion was significantly reduced compared to supination. These findings indicate that advanced preparation or motor set facilitates the differentiation of RTs and EMG activities of the response movements and that response uncertainty causes a significant change in the temporal and spatial specificity of both elbow flexion and forearm supination.

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Hogervorst, Eef, Wim Riedel, Asker Jeukendrup, and Jelle Jolles. "Cognitive Performance after Strenuous Physical Exercise." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 2 (October 1996): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.2.479.

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Stimulating as well as detrimental effects of exercise on cognitive functioning have been reported. In the present study, 15 endurance-trained athletes (aged 18 to 42 years) performed a bicycle ergometer endurance test at 75% of their maximal work capacity (Wmax). Psychomotor and cognitive tests were administered before and immediately after exercise. These consisted of simple reaction time (RT), 3-choice RT and Stimulus-Response (S-R) incompatible RT tasks, a finger-tapping task, and the Stroop test. Simple RT tasks, but also the more complex S-R in compatible RT, and Color Word Interference in the Stroop test showed an increase in speed of performance after exercise relative to baseline. An enhanced activation was probably responsible for this better performance on psychomotor and cognitive tests. Since performance on the most complex task, the Interference subtest of the Stroop, was especially improved after exercise, the expectancy of the subjects of a potential positive effect of exercise was thought to have been responsible.

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36

Sawyer, Emily, Nita Bartlett, and Simon Warry. "The application of completion mastectomy and immediate reconstruction in a patient unable to undergo radiotherapy following breast conserving surgery: a case report." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 2428. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20213141.

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Breast conserving surgery (BCS) with adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) confers an equivalent 20 year survival rate to mastectomy. Concerningly, 15% of BCS patients do not receive RT. Several barriers to completing RT have been described. However, non-compliance with post-BCS radiotherapy due to severe claustrophobia is not well documented in the literature. We report the case of a patient who declined radiotherapy following BCS due to severe claustrophobia. With advances in oncoplastic breast surgery, completion nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) may be an alternative to simple mastectomy in BCS patients unable to undergo RT. NSM is an oncoplastic procedure that involves attaining complete oncologic resection whilst sparing the nipple-areolar complex. Recent literature highlights that NSM has more favourable aesthetic outcomes and improves quality of life compared to simple mastectomy. This report further describes the novel use of NSM and reconstruction for the case patient and highlights its potential use in patients who are unable to undergo neoadjuvant RT.

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Finke, Johannes B., and Hartmut Schächinger. "Central Sympathetic Nervous System Effects on Cognitive-Motor Performance." Experimental Psychology 67, no. 2 (March 2020): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000475.

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Abstract. The intriguing interplay between acute stress physiology and cognitive processes has long been noted. However, while stress-induced release of glucocorticoids has repeatedly been shown to impact brain mechanisms underlying cognition and memory, less experimental research addressed the effects of stress-induced central sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation on cognitive performance. Moreover, despite the long-standing notion that the way performance is modulated by arousal may crucially depend on task complexity, mechanistic research demonstrating a direct, causal influence of altered SNS activity is scarce. Twelve healthy men participated in a placebo-controlled, pharmacologic dose–response study involving three within-subject assessments (1-week intervals). Subjective and objective indices of SNS activity as well as reaction time (RT) in three different tasks varying in cognitive demand (simple RT, choice RT, and verbal RT in complex mental arithmetic) were assessed during modulation of central SNS tone by intravenous infusions of dexmedetomidine (alpha2-agonist), yohimbine (alpha2-antagonist), and placebo. Cognitive performance was negatively affected by alpha2-agonism in all task conditions. By contrast, administration of yohimbine improved simple RT, while diminishing complex RT, supporting the assumption of a nonlinear way of action depending on task characteristics. Our results highlight the consequences of central (noradrenergic) SNS activation for cognitive-motor performance in RT tasks of varying complexity.

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Gunay, Melih, and Rajarajeswari Balasubramaniyan. "Robust CT-prediction algorithm for RT-PCR." Filomat 30, no. 4 (2016): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1604103g.

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Introduction of fluorescence-based Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) also called qPCR is increasingly used to detect multiple pathogens simultaneously and rapidly by gene expression analysis of PCR amplification data. Real-time PCR data are analyzed after setting an arbitrary threshold that must intersect the signal curve in its exponential phase. The point at which the curve crosses the threshold is called CT (Cycle Threshold). This simple and arbitrary value however is not an elegant definition of CT value sometimes leads to conclusions that are either false positive or negative. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present a stable and consistent alternative approach for the definition and determination of CT value that leads to near zero false positives and negatives.

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Kjellberg, Anders, and Bjïrn Sköldström. "Noise Annoyance during the Performance of Different Nonauditory Tasks." Perceptual and Motor Skills 73, no. 1 (August 1991): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.73.1.39.

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Three experiments were performed to study the effects of an ongoing task on the annoyance response to noise. In the first two experiments a total of five tasks were used: three versions of a proofreading task, a finger-dexterity task, and a complex reaction time (RT) task. Subjects performed the tasks during exposure to two levels of a continuous broadband noise. Task was of no consequence for rated annoyance. Four tasks were used in Experiment 3: proofreading, complex RT, grammatical reasoning, and simple RT. A third type of noise, irrelevant speech, was added to the broadband noises. Rated annoyance was lower during simple RT than during the reasoning and proofreading tasks, especially in the irrelevant speech condition. The difference corresponded to a 6-dB difference in noise level. It was concluded that task differences probably only explain a small part of the widely differing noise tolerance levels at different work places.

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Francik, Andrzej, Grzegorz Jaworski, Maciej Nowak, and Kacper Nowak. "Vlasov Launcher Diagrammatic Design Using the RT Method." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 2 (March 30, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2021.150321.

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In this paper, a simple and fast method relied upon for designing a Vlasov launcher with a helical cut is proposed. The method is based on graphic interpretation of analytical relationships that link wave parameters (EM field mode) to the launcher’s geometrical dimensions. Using the ray tracing method, a simplified graphic analysis may be carried out. The results obtained are not significantly different from those of rigorous full-wave analyzes. The family of normalized curves that is created in the process greatly facilitates the stage of optimizing the geometrical parameters of the Vlasov launcher

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Segalowitz, Sidney J., Norman S. Segalowitz, and Anthony G. Wood. "Assessing the development of automaticity in second language word recognition." Applied Psycholinguistics 19, no. 1 (January 1998): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400010572.

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AbstractThis study investigated the development of automaticity in second language word recognition. In an earlier study (Segalowitz & Segalowitz, 1993) we demonstrated that a reduction in the coefficient of variation of lexical decision reaction time (CVRT) - the standard deviation of reaction time divided by mean reaction time (RT) - reflects a restructuring of underlying cognitive processing mechanisms in the direction of increased automaticity and not a simple speed-up of those mechanisms. In the current study, English speakers studying French performed multiple lexical decision tasks. Differences in CVRTwere compared cross-sectionally and longitudinally. As in the earlier study, crosssectional analyses showed that CVRTcorrelated positively with RT for initially fast, but not initially slow, responders. CVRTalso correlated positively with RT in longitudinal analyses. These results confirm that, with extended learning experience, the cognitive components underlying word recognition are restructured (automatized) and not simply speeded-up.

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Susilo, Ganjar, Prita Indriawati, and Retnowaty Retnowaty. "Pembelajaran Kepada Masyarakat Kelurahan Lamaru RT 06 Dan RT 17 Untuk Meningkatkan Daya Minat Belajar." Abdimas Universal 1, no. 1 (May 18, 2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/abdimasuniversal.v1i1.3.

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Learning activities for the community in the villages of Lamaru RT 06 and RT 17 were Community Service activities carried out by lecturers and students at the University of Balikpapan in Lamaru Village, East Balikpapan, with the aim of realizing the Tri Dharma of Universities by using their values and forms in community and state life, increase the power of interest in learning society in order to get a better education and provide new insights and knowledge about education and can be used in community life in the area where local people live. The method of community service in RT 17 and RT 06 of Lamaru Village by conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The results of the discussion were 1) the formation of cooperation between the community service team of the University of Balikpapan very well so that efforts to increase the learning interest of the community in Lamaru Sub-District can run well, 2) the students who took part in educational activities were very active in the activities given, such as tutoring, knowledge dexterity competitions, and simple experiments in setting up model patterns of objects around them using plasticine media, and 3) young people playing an active role in helping education skills in creative activities. Keywords: community learning interest, tutoring, knowledge agility competition

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Hongjaisee, Sayamon, Yosita Jabjainai, Suthasinee Sakset, Kanya Preechasuth, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, and Woottichai Khamduang. "Comparison of Simple RNA Extraction Methods for Molecular Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus in Plasma." Diagnostics 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2022): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071599.

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Nucleic acid extraction from biological samples is an important step for hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis. However, such extractions are mostly based on silica-based column methodologies, which may limit their application for on-site diagnosis. A simple, rapid, and field-deployable method for RNA extraction is still needed. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of four simple RNA extraction methods for the detection of HCV in plasma samples: a silica-membrane-based method, a magnetic-beads-based method, boiling with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC)-treated distilled water, and using a commercial lysis buffer. HCV RNA was detected using both real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). Using real-time RT-PCR, extracted RNA from the silica-membrane-based and magnetic-beads-based methods had a 100% detection rate for RNA extraction from plasma. Using RT-LAMP, extracted RNA from the silica-membrane-based method showed a 66% detection rate, while the magnetic-beads-based method had a 62% detection rate. In summary, magnetic-beads-based extraction can be used as an alternative RNA extraction method for on-site HCV detection. Boiling with DEPC-treated distilled water was not appropriate for low HCV load samples, and boiling with a lysis buffer was not recommended.

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MÜNSTEDT, K., P. Johnson, M. K. Bohlmann, M. Zygmunt, R. Von Georgi, and H. Vahrson. "Adjuvant radiotherapy in carcinomas of the uterine cervix: the prognostic value of hemoglobin levels." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 15, no. 2 (2005): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200503000-00016.

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Anemia has been associated with a poorer treatment response and reduced survival in women undergoing primary radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy for advanced cervical carcinoma. This study aimed to determine the influence of anemia on outcome in patients with cervical carcinoma undergoing adjuvant RT. Medical records were reviewed for 183 cervical cancer patients who had received adjuvant RT because of risk factors after radical surgery (n = 109) or inadequate primary surgery (simple hysterectomy; n = 74). Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to study hemoglobin levels before and during adjuvant RT in relation to recurrence-free and overall survival. Hemoglobin values ≥11 g/dL were considered normal, while those <11 g/dL indicated anemia. Hemoglobin levels before RT influenced significantly overall survival and recurrence-free survival across the whole group (overall survival—log rankall patients = 7.5; df = 1; P = 0.006). However, subgroup analysis showed that the observed difference was mainly due to the group of women who had undergone inadequate primary surgery (overall survival—log rankinadequate surgery = 10.8; df = 1; P = 0.001). Multifactorial regression analyses comparing hemoglobin before RT with grading and tumor stage confirmed the prognostic value of hemoglobin values. Maintaining normal hemoglobin values before and during adjuvant RT seems to be important, especially in patients who have had inappropriate simple hysterectomy, which may resemble a therapeutic situation.

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Kujawski, Sławomir, Agnieszka Kujawska, Mariusz Kozakiewicz, Djordje G. Jakovljevic, Błażej Stankiewicz, Julia L. Newton, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska, and Paweł Zalewski. "Effects of Sitting Callisthenic Balance and Resistance Exercise Programs on Cognitive Function in Older Participants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 13, 2022): 14925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214925.

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Background: Exercise training programs have the potential to improve cognitive function in older subjects. However, the majority of training programs are based on aerobic modality. In the current study, the influence of 3 months programs of sitting callisthenic balance (SCB) and resistance training (RT) on cognitive functioning and the mediating role that a change in the level of neurotrophic factors and strength in older, healthy participants plays were examined. Material and methods: Global cognitive function was examined using MoCA, short-term memory using Digit Span and Delayed Matching to Sample, set shifting using Trial Making Test Part B, speed of processing simple visual stimuli using Simple Reaction Time, decision making using Choice Reaction Time, visual attention with Visual Attention Test (VAT), tests. Strength of lower and upper limbs, neurotrophin level (irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 (NT 4/5) were examined. Results: Improved scores in RT vs. SCB were noted in MoCA (p = 0.02), reaction time in SRT (p = 0.02), TMT B (p = 0.03), errors committed in CRT (p = 0.04) and VAT (p = 0.02) were observed. No significant changes in the level of neurotrophic factors were observed. Changes in upper limb strength were related to changes in the number of errors committed in the SRT (p = 0.03). Lower limb strength changes explained the dynamics of the number of correct answers (p = 0.002) and errors committed (p = 0.006) in VAT. Conclusions: Both SCB and RT influenced multiple cognitive domains. The RT program improved global cognitive functioning, while no improvement was noticed in the SCB group. Decision making, visual attention and global cognitive function were improved after the RT program. Set-shifting, short-term visual memory processing speed of simple visual stimuli were improved after the SCB program, while a decrease in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli was noted in the RT group. Changes in irisin were related to set-shifting and short-term memory, while in BDNF to an improvement in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli. Resistance exercise training programs could be applied to prevent age related declines of cognitive function in healthy older subjects.

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Kobashi, Noriko, and Yoshio Sugiyama. "Relation between Reaction Time and the Phase of Spontaneous and Controlled Breathing Patterns." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 2 (October 1995): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259508100230.

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In this study simple reaction time (simple RT) to a visual stimulus of a single subject was measured during spontaneous and controlled breathing, in which the duration of expiration was prolonged (Asian technique). The phases of breathing were classified as the pause between expiration and inspiration, the inspiration phase, the transition from inspiration to expiration, and the expiration phase. Analysis of data from about 6000 trials indicated that RT to the stimulus was shortest during the transition from inspiration to expiration in controlled breathing.

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47

Deng, Ribo, and Danielle Donnelly. "A Simple, Room-temperature Extraction Method for 14Carbon-labeled Red Raspberry Leaf Tissues." HortScience 28, no. 9 (September 1993): 950–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.9.950.

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Labeled (`“C) compounds were recovered from tissue disks taken from 14CO2-fed leaves of l-year-old greenhouse-grown plants and l-month-old ex vitro transplants of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) by hot (boiling in 80% ethanol immediately after 14C exposure), delayed-hot (boiling in 80% ethanol after a 2- to 3-day ethanol soak), and room-temperature (RT) (2-to 3-day soak in 80% ethanol) extraction methods. The RT extraction method was simple but as effective for extracting 14C-labeled compounds from red raspberry leaf tissues as hot and delayed-hot extraction methods.

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Wibowo, Muhammad Rizky, Erna Harfiani, Sarmoko Sarmoko, and Yudhi Nugraha. "The detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) in developing country." Pharmacy Reports 1, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.51511/pr.9.

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected the human system resulting in Covid-19, and has spread rapidly worldwide. Therefore, a fast, simple, cost-effective, and accurate detecting tool is required. The standard diagnostic tool of the World Health Organization is the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method detects the presence of viral genetic material in the human body with accurate results. However, it has several limitations in terms of equipment, personnel, duration, and cost. Therefore, a fast, simple, and sensitive alternative detection, is required, one of which is the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) that functions under isothermal conditions. This method is battery-driven, hence, easy to move closer to the patient. Conclusively, the RT-LAMP test for SARS CoV-2 diagnosis produces comparable sensitivity to a standard RT-PCR and is more suitable for resource-poor settings, such as rural areas of developing countries.

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PAKAKASAMA, S., S. KAJANACHUMPOL, S. KANJANAPONGKUL, N. SIRACHAINAN, A. MEEKAEWKUNCHORN, V. NINGSANOND, and S. HONGENG. "Simple multiplex RT-PCR for identifying common fusion transcripts in childhood acute leukemia." International Journal of Laboratory Hematology 30, no. 4 (August 2008): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-553x.2007.00954.x.

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Michaels, Claire F., and Raoul M. Bongers. "The dependence of discrete movements on rhythmic movements: Simple RT during oscillatory tracking." Human Movement Science 13, no. 3-4 (August 1994): 473–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(94)90050-7.

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