Книги: "Similarity of structure"

1

Borg, I., and J. Lingoes. Multidimensional Similarity Structure Analysis. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4768-5.

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2

C, Lingoes James, ed. Multidimensional similarity structure analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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3

1948-, Sen K. D., and Allan N. L, eds. Molecular similarity. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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4

A, Johnson Mark, Maggiora Gerald M, and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Concepts and applications of molecular similarity. New York: Wiley, 1990.

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5

Carbó, Ramón, and Paul G. Mezey. Advances in molecular structure. Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press, 1996.

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6

Pepperrell, Catherine. Three-dimensional chemical similarity searching. Taunton, Somerset, England: Research Studies Press, 1994.

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7

Ramon, Carbó, ed. Molecular similarity and reactivity: From quantum chemical to phenomenological approaches. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.

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8

Similarity and clustering in chemical information systems. Letchworth, Hertfordshire, England: Research Studies Press, 1987.

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9

Lorentz, K. On the local structure of the similarity orbits of Jordan elements in operator algebras. Saarbrücken: Universitas Saraviensis, 1989.

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10

Wu, Lisa K. Accelerating Similarly Structured Data. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2014.

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11

Efremov, German. Modeling of chemical and technological processes. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1090526.

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In an accessible form, the textbook presents the theoretical foundations of physical and mathematical modeling; considers the modeling of mass, heat and momentum transfer processes, the relationship and analogy between them; studies the theory of similarity, its application in modeling, models of the structure of flows in apparatuses. Experimental-statistical and experimental-analytical modeling methods are also described, which include "black box" methods, planning passive, active full and fractional factor experiments, and adjusting models based on the results of the experiment. At the same time, modeling of chemical reactors, methods of optimization of chemical-technological processes, their selection, comparison and application examples are considered. Examples of modeling and optimization of processes in chemical, petrochemical and biotechnology on a computer in Excel and MathCAD environments are given. The appendices provide the basics of working in the MathCAD environment and elements of matrix algebra. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for bachelors who are trained for the chemical, petrochemical, food, textile and light industries. It can be useful for specialists and undergraduates, as well as for scientists, engineers and postgraduates dealing with the problem under consideration.

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12

Vladimir, Pestov, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Similarity Search and Applications: 5th International Conference, SISAP 2012, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 9-10, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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13

Borg, I., and J. Lingoes. Multidimensional Similarity Structure Analysis. Springer, 2012.

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14

Lingoes, I. Borg J. Multidimensional Similarity Structure Analysis. Springer, 2011.

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15

Multidimensional Similarity Structure Analysis. Springer, 2011.

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16

Sen, K. Molecular Similarity I. Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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17

Carbó-Dorca, Ramon, and Paul G. Mezey. Fundamentals of Molecular Similarity. Springer, 2010.

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18

Carbó-Dorca, Ramon, and Paul G. Mezey. Fundamentals of Molecular Similarity. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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19

(Editor), Ramon Carbó-Dorca, and P. G. Mezey (Editor), eds. Fundamentals of Molecular Similarity (Mathematical and Computational Chemistry). Springer, 2001.

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20

Hajduk, Philip, and Steven Muchmore. Molecular Similarity - Concepts and Applications for Pharmaceutical Research. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2013.

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21

Molecular Quantum Similarity in QSAR and Drug Design (Lecture Notes in Chemistry). Springer, 2000.

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22

Document similarity and structure: Using bibliometric methods and index terms as approaches to improving information retreival performance. Ann Arbor, Mich: University Microfilms International, 1995.

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23

Newman, Mark. Measures and metrics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805090.003.0007.

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This chapter describes the measures and metrics that are used to quantify network structure. The chapter starts with a discussion of centrality measures, which are used to identify central or important nodes in networks. Measures discussed include degree centrality, eigenvector centrality, PageRank, closeness, and betweenness. This is followed by a discussion of groupings of nodes like cliques and components, transitivity measures including the clustering coefficient, structural balance in networks, similarity measures, and assortative mixing.

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24

Susskind, Joshua Matthew. Evidence for structural similarity and antithesis in facial expressions. 2006.

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25

Donald A, Timm. Part II Commentaries to Typical Sofa Rules, 28 The ‘Joint Commission’ Liaison Mechanism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808404.003.0028.

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This chapter discusses a solution for coordination problems developed by the US in conjunction with the individual Sending States in whose territory the US has been invited to send its forces in peacetime. Although each individual case has its differences due to different sovereigns, different times of development, and different sizes or missions of the forces involved, there are nonetheless many conceptual similarities which transcend these differences and which may recommend themselves as a guide. The core similarity is the concept of a single overarching binational body charged with overseeing the implementation of the status-of-forces agreement (SOFA) and facilitating communication and cooperation between the cognizant authorities of the two sovereigns. This chapter discusses the general attributes of the ‘Joint Commission’ liaison mechanism in particular. It explains the purpose of the mechanism, its structure, its operation and authority, and the administration of the Joint Commission structure.

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26

Castellani, Claudia, and Marianne Wootton. Crustacea: Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199233267.003.0021.

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This chapter provides an introduction to the Crustacea, one of the most abundant and diverse components of the plankton. Within a single net-haul, the vast diversity within this group, coupled with the large number of species and the morphological similarity both between species and between developmental stages, can often pose a significant identification challenge even to experienced taxonomists. Although all Crustacea originally share a common body plan, their morphology can differ quite markedly due to different degrees of expression of body segmentation patterns and as a result of the loss or morphological modifications of paired appendages. There is also considerable variation between groups in the structure and function of the appendages on different body regions.

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27

Peterson, Martin. The Ethics of Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190652265.001.0001.

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This book develops an analytic ethics of technology based on a geometric account of moral principles. The author argues that geometric concepts such as points, lines, and planes are useful for clarifying the structure and scope of five moral principles: (1) the cost-benefit principle, (2) the precautionary principle, (3) the sustainability principle, (4) the fairness principle, and (5) the autonomy principle. The geometric approach derives its normative force from the Aristotelian dictum that we should “treat like cases alike.” The more similar a pair of cases are, the more reason do we have to treat the cases alike. These similarity relations can be analyzed and represented geometrically. In such a geometric representation, the distance in moral space between cases reflects their degree of similarity. The more similar a pair of cases are from a moral point of view, the shorter is the distance between them. To assess to what extent the geometric method is practically useful for analyzing real-world cases the author has conducted three experimental studies based on data gathered from academic philosophers in the United States and Europe and engineering students at Texas A&M University. The results indicate that experts (philosophers) and laypeople (engineering students) do in fact apply geometrically construed moral principles in roughly, but not exactly, the manner advocates of geometrically construed principles believe they ought to be applied.

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28

Lopotenco, Viorica. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE AT THE NATIONAL FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LEVEL. RS Global S. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal/027.

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The fundamental purpose of this paper is to analyze the transformations in the international financial architecture and their impact on the national financial system. The analysis of the international financial architecture's functioning mechanism suggests its similarity with the software system structure. It is static in the way the system functionality is decomposed and divided into implementation teams. The efficiency of international financial architecture's functioning depends mainly on how balanced and interconnected its elements are. Thus, according to systems theory, only by overcoming the deformation of the international financial architecture at all its levels, it is possible to increase the financial system's overall performance. In this regard, maintaining a dynamic balance in the development of the international financial architecture as an integral unit of its structural elements and functions is becoming of urgent importance. This aspect of the research allows the creation of an instrumental and methodological basis for forecasting the directions for further developing the international financial architecture in the context of the globalization of the world economy at the national financial systems level. This study concludes that the complex solution of the international financial architecture challenges involves creating the foundations for implementing progressive structural changes in the economy and contributing to sustainable economic development.

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29

Tenney, James. META Meta ⌿ Hodos. Edited by Larry Polansky, Lauren Pratt, Robert Wannamaker, and Michael Winter. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038723.003.0007.

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James Tenney introduces a number of propositions, along with corresponding definitions and comments, concerning perceptual organization, musical parameters, formal perception and description, and entropy as a measure of variation. Among these propositions are: temporal gestalt-units (TGs) are formed at several different hierarchical levels during the process of musical perception; the perceptual formation of TGs at any hierarchical level is determined by a number of factors of cohesion and segregation, the most important of which are proximity and similarity; pitch, timbre, and (musical) time are not simply one-dimensional parameters, because each includes at least two relatively independent “subparameters”; the perception of form at any hierarchical level involves the apprehension of three distinct aspects of form at that and all lower levels—state, shape, and structure; the statistical entropy of an ergodic TG is zero.

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30

Olson, Kenneth S., and M. Paul Lewis. The Ethnologue and L2 Mapping. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0003.

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The early focus of the Ethnologue was on L1 use and is reflected in the maps that are included with each new edition. Typically, the maps show locations and boundaries corresponding to the distribution of L1 speakers. The location of widespread, second, or additional languages (such as national languages, lingua francas, and languages of wider communication) is only occasionally represented by maps, using a variety of methods. Major factors affecting this effort are related to language identification (ISO 639-3), categorization (status: sociohistorical, official recognition, vitality), and analytical and research methods (lexical similarity, intelligibility, bilingual proficiency). This chapter examines the Ethnologue’s approach in all of these areas. Currently, significant effort is being made to structure the Ethnologue database to provide expanded data on the ecological setting of each language. This should significantly increase capacity for mapping the use of widespread L2s. A sample map showing the use of Lingala/Bangala is provided.

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31

Marchand-Maillet, Stéphane, Edgar Chávez, and Yasin N. Silva. Similarity Search and Applications: 11th International Conference, SISAP 2018, Lima, Peru, October 7–9, 2018, Proceedings. Springer, 2018.

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32

Beecks, Christian, Felix Borutta, Peer Kröger, and Thomas Seidl. Similarity Search and Applications: 10th International Conference, SISAP 2017, Munich, Germany, October 4-6, 2017, Proceedings. Springer, 2017.

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33

Gorman, Jack M. Brain Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850128.003.0005.

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The blood–brain barrier vigorously limits what can get into and out of the brain, making our ability to understand brain function much more difficult than with any other organ in the body. The modern era of brain imaging began about a half-century ago with the introduction of computed axial tomography (CAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although CAT scanning shows brain structure in great detail and revolutionized the precision of medical diagnosis, including of brain disorders, it has had relatively little impact on psychiatry because most psychiatric illnesses do not involve visible abnormalities of the size, shape, or volume of brain structures. Similarly, although we have gained some insights from structural MRI, it primarily shows us the anatomy of the brain. Three other variants of MRI, however, have been extremely useful in studying psychiatric issues: functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

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34

Erman, Burak, and James E. Mark. Structures and Properties of Rubberlike Networks. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082371.001.0001.

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Rubber elasticity is an important sub-field of polymer science. This book is in many ways a sequel to the authors' previous, more introductory book, Rubberlike Elasticity: A Molecular Primer (Wiley-Interscience, 1988), and will in some respects replace the now classic book by L.R.G. Treloar, The Physics of Rubber Elasticity (Oxford, 1975). The present book has much in common with its predecessor, in particular its strong emphasis on molecular concepts and theories. Similarly, only equilibrium properties are covered in any detail. Though this book treats much of the same subject matter, it is a more comprehensive, more up-to-date, and somewhat more sophisticated treatment.

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35

Similarity Search And Applications 5th International Conference Sisap 2012 Toronto On Canada August 910 2012 Proceedings. Springer, 2012.

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36

Kirchman, David L. Elements, biochemicals, and structures of microbes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0002.

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Microbiologists focus on the basic biochemical make-up of microbes, such as relative amounts of protein, RNA, and DNA in cells, while ecologists and biogeochemists use elemental ratios, most notably, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N), to explore biogeochemical processes and to connect up the carbon cycle with the cycle of other elements. Microbial ecologists make use of both types of data and approaches. This chapter combines both and reviews all things, from elements to macromolecular structures, that make up bacteria and other microbes. The most commonly used elemental ratio was discovered by Alfred Redfield who concluded that microbes have a huge impact on the chemistry of the oceans because of the similarity in nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios for organisms and nitrate-to-phosphate ratios in the deep oceans. Although statistically different, the C:N ratios in soil microbes are remarkably similar to the ratios of aquatic microbes. The chapter moves on to discussing the macromolecular composition of bacteria and other microbes. This composition gives insights into the growth state of microbes in nature. Geochemists use specific compounds, “biomarkers”, to trace sources of organic material in ecosystems. The last section of the chapter is a review of extracellular polymers, pili, and flagella, which serve a variety of functions, from propelling microbes around to keeping them stuck in one place.

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37

Jacobsen, Dean, and Olivier Dangles. Energy flow and species interactions at the edge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 elucidates the relationships between the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems at high altitude through the description of material cycles and food webs. Following the landscape continuum model, material cycling is profoundly influenced by the physical structure of the waterscape (e.g. vegetation cover); as a result a great diversity of energetic pathways characterize high altitude waterscapes, along an autotrophy–heterotrophy gradient. Similarly, high altitude aquatic food webs embrace a great diversity of trophic compartments, feeding strategies, and processes (trophic cascades and terrestrial subsidiarity) that are profoundly shaped by environmental harshness. Harsh conditions also generate stress gradients along which the strength and direction of species interactions (from competition to facilitation) and their functional role (e.g. as ecosystem engineers) are modified. The resulting structural and functional changes affect in turn species coexistence and trigger potential ecosystem shifts.

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38

Ideal Turbulence: Structures, Self-Similarity and Random Evolution Birth in Deterministic Boundary Value Problem (World Scientific Series on Nonlinear Science , Vol 2). World Scientific Pub Co Inc, 2004.

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39

Djurfeldt, Agnes Andersson, Göran Djurfeldt, Ola Hall, and Maria Archila Bustos. Agrarian Change and Structural Transformation: Drivers and Distributional Outcomes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0005.

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This chapter examines agrarian changes triggered by the structural transformation of the overall economy, focusing on their drivers and distributional outcomes. By means of multi-level modelling of three processes—intensification of grain yields, diversification of cropping, and non-farm diversification (pluriactivity)—it concludes that intensification has moderately accelerated and is getting more important than its twin process. Similarly, crop diversification has accelerated, while non-farm diversification seems to be more pull- than push-driven. The most important drivers of the two first-mentioned processes are commercial ones: increasing local and domestic demand for grains and for other crops and institutional changes promoting market participation of smallholders. The chapter concludes that these processes are not pro-poor, but neither are they pro-rich; middling smallholder households tend to be more involved. The gender profile of agricultural diversification seems to involve and benefit male-managed farms, whereas non-farm diversification is gender neutral.

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40

Metcalf, Michael, John Reid, and Malcolm Cohen. Specification statements. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811893.003.0008.

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All the means whereby variables are specified with a name, type, attributes, and (possibly) initial values are fully described. The specification of named constants is similarly described. The rules for expressions that may appear in specification statements are listed. The methods used to access entities in modules and to control that access are described. The block construct is introduced. Structure constructors for objects of derived type are explained.

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41

Rojas, Carlos, and Andrea Bachner, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Modern Chinese Literatures. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199383313.001.0001.

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Rather than attempt to offer a definition of modern Chinese literature or provide a comprehensive survey of all that the category might entail, this volume instead uses a series of strategic interventions to illustrate the structural conditions out of which modern Chinese literature has emerged, how it is viewed, and how it may be interpreted. Our goal, in other words, is to showcase a set of methodologies that one may use to approach modern Chinese literature, while in the process offering different ways of reassessing what modern Chinese literature is in the first place. We contend that modern Chinese literature is not a static category but rather it is a dynamic entity whose significance and limits are continually being reshaped through the process of interpretation itself. Similarly, modern Chinese literature is not a singular, unitary category, but rather a plurality of overlapping categories—of modern Chinese literatures. Divided into three parts, on “structure,” “taxonomy,” and “methodology,” this volume contains 46 original articles that examine unfamiliar texts and literary phenomena and offer new perspectives on more familiar ones.

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42

Kolentsis, Alysia. ‘Grammar Rules’ in the Sonnets. Edited by Jonathan Post. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199607747.013.0009.

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This chapter considers how the unique linguistic terrain of late 16th-century England—characterized by the changing status and structure of English, and new attention to the rules governing its use—informed the literary culture of the period. Focusing on the broad category of ‘grammar’, the chapter explores how Sidney and Shakespeare engage with the changing language in their sonnets. It suggests that Sidney’s witty appeals to the rules of grammar, and his experimentation on the border between classical and vernacular language, highlight the transitional linguistic resources available to late-century writers. Similarly, Shakespeare’s engagement with the shifting structure of the language points to a recognition of the rhetorical possibilities opened up by the distinctive linguistic climate of the age.

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43

Seelarbokus, Chenaz B. International Environmental Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.229.

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Over the course of the twenty-first century, international environmental cooperation has been spurred through various new international environmental institutions and programs, and a dramatic strengthening of international environmental law-making. With the burst of environmental treaty-making the corpus of international environmental law (IEL) has expanded to include significant international environmental agreements (IEAs) in the sphere of climate change, ozone layer depletion, biodiversity, and so on; as well as the recognition of important principles such as good neighborliness and the common heritage. IEAs function similarly to international treaties—indeed, the only difference between an IEA and other international treaties lies in the subject matter. IEAs function as the instrument for laying down the principles of international laws binding upon states was established by the 1815 Congress of Vienna. Over the years, IEAs have not simply increased in number, but have also undergone an evolution in their structural design. In the early 1930s, IEAs tended to be simple in terms of their requirements, vague in terms of their objectives, and utilitarian in their ethos for protecting the environment. With time, however, as environmental sciences evolved to incorporate new principles and concepts, the structure of IEAs has followed in tandem to incorporate the new understandings and the new concerns.

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44

Rothstein, Mikael. Rituals and Ritualization in New Religions Movements. Edited by James R. Lewis and Inga Tøllefsen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466176.013.24.

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New religions are religions. The fact that they are new is important, but it does not change the fact that they are religions. Similarly, rituals in new religions are rituals with the same functions and basic structures as those found in traditional religious settings. However, during the formative period of any given religion, the religious emphasis will be of a special kind. Members of new religions typically consider themselves an elite, they believe that they live in special times, they await great transformations, sometimes their teachings is clouded in esoteric structures, and they position themselves in a more or less outspoken opposition to the prevailing societal and religious order. These traits are all identifyable in the new religions’ ritual lives. Introducing several examples this chapter illustrates some of the more important aspects of these mechanisms.

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45

Dixon, R. M. W. English Prepositions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868682.001.0001.

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This book provides an account of 50 most common prepositions in English. It shows the semantic range for each preposition through a scheme of linked senses that are related to the grammatical frameworks in which they are used. For each preposition there is an account of its genetic origin and shifts of form and meaning over the centuries. The book provides an instructive way to appreciate the meanings of prepositions by studying instances where two prepositions may be used in the same frame with meanings that show some similarity but also a significant difference, such as the factory is shut up vs the factory has been shut down. The exposition is illustrated by examples taken from standard corpora, which includes several hundred examples of use for each preposition, fully illustrating its structural and semantic scope.

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46

Schmitt, Stéphane. Serial Homology as a Challenge to Evolutionary Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199377176.003.0011.

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The problem of the repeated parts of organisms was at the center of the biological sciences as early as the first decades of the 19th century. Some concepts and theories (e.g., serial homology, unity of plan, or colonial theory) introduced in order to explain the similarity as well as the differences between the repeated structures of an organism were reused throughout the 19th and the 20th century, in spite of the fundamental changes during this long period that saw the diffusion of the evolutionary theory, the rise of experimental approaches, and the emergence of new fields and disciplines. Interestingly, this conceptual heritage was at the core of any attempt to unify the problems of inheritance, development, and evolution, in particular in the last decades, with the rise of “evo-devo.” This chapter examines the conditions of this theoretical continuity and the challenges it brings out for the current evolutionary sciences.

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47

Meacham, Darian, and Matthew Studley. Could a Robot Care? It’s All in the Movement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190652951.003.0007.

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In this chapter, we ask if care robots can care. The standard and indeed intuitive response to such a question is no. This response is premised on the argument that care requires internal cognitive and emotional states that robots lack. We explore arguments that belie this conclusion. We argue that care robots may participate in the creation of caring environments through certain types of expressive movement, irrespective of the existence of internal emotional states or intentions. We address three possible objections to this argument and argue that none of them is lethal to our hypothesis. Finally, we examine evidence that despite phenomenological similarity, such human–robot interactions are not neurologically equivalent to human–human interactions and seem to show a difference in intensity. We note that this may change as robots become more widespread and we evolve social and cognitive structures to accept them in our daily lives.

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48

James, Harold, and Kevin H. O’Rourke. Italy and the First Age of Globalization, 1861–1940. Edited by Gianni Toniolo. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199936694.013.0002.

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The paper presents trade policy as in line with that of other continental European powers, with a move to moderate levels of tariff protection for politically sensitive sectors, such as steel and textiles and clothing, but also in agriculture, with levels of protection falling slightly before the First World War. Monetary policy was similarly driven by the constraints of capital scarcity and by the political priority attached to reducing the cost of funding government debt. The most innovative area was probably in industrial policy, where after the 1880s and again in the 1930s, in response to severe shocks, quite creative institutional policies were adopted. In particular, financial restructuring was used as an opportunity to reshape the structure of industry.

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49

Kastan, David Scott. Naughty Printed Books. Edited by James Simpson and Brian Cummings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212484.013.0016.

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TheIndex librorum prohibitorum, first issued in 1559, the Roman Catholic Church’s official effort to ban certain books, is often contrasted with John Milton’sAreopagitica, so often claimed the foundational text of a modern notion of freedom of expression. But the opposition is more a function of a modern desire than of historical fact. The two texts do not so much display this reassuring opposition as their unnerving similarity. This article examines and attempts to undo some of the oppositions that have structured most of the scholarly discussion on the subject of censorship: Catholic versus Protestant, state versus individual, repression versus freedom. All of these play their role in an undeniably appealing history of liberty and toleration, but it is not a history that has much purchase in early modern England, as may be shown by a consideration of the efforts of the Church and authorities in England to prevent the circulation of what they called “naughty printed books.”

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50

Risman, Barbara J. The True Believers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199324385.003.0005.

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This is the first data chapter. In this chapter, respondents who are described as true believers in the gender structure, and essentialist gender differences are introduced and their interviews analyzed. They are true believers because, at the macro level, they believe in a gender ideology where women and men should be different and accept rules and requirements that enforce gender differentiation and even sex segregation in social life. In addition, at the interactional level, these Millennials report having been shaped by their parent’s traditional expectations and they similarly feel justified to impose gendered expectations on those in their own social networks. At the individual level, they have internalized masculinity or femininity, and embody it in how they present themselves to the world. They try hard to “do gender” traditionally.

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