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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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1

Sulistyarti, Hermin, Erwin Sulistyo, Sutrisno Sutrisno, and Zuri Rismiarti. "Metode Spektrofotometri Secara Tidak Langsung untuk Penentuan Merkuri(II) berdasarkan Pembentukan Kompleks Biru Iodium-Amilum." ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.15.1.15036.149-164.

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<p>Metode spektrofotometri secara tidak langsung telah dikembangkan untuk analisis merkuri(II) berdasarkan perbedaan absorbansi kompleks biru amilum-iodium antara larutan sampel yang mengandung ion merkuri(II) dan larutan blanko yang tidak mengandung ion merkuri(II) dalam sistem pereaksi yang berisi iodida, iodat dan amilum. Pada larutan blanko, semua ion iodida (I<sup>-</sup>) dalam sistem pereaksi dioksidasi oleh iodat menjadi iodium yang dengan adanya amilum membentuk kompleks biru iodium-amilum dan terdeteksi secara spektrofotometri pada 618 nm. Namun, bila sampel mengandung ion merkuri(II), maka sebagian ion iodida akan terikat oleh ion merkuri(II) dan membentuk kompleks tetraiodomerkurat(II), sehingga hanya sisa iodida yang dioksidasi oleh ion iodat menjadi iodium dan membentuk warna biru dengan absorbansi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan absorbansi larutan blanko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan absorbansi sebanding dengan konsentrasi iodida yang terikat pada ion merkuri(II) sehingga sebanding pula dengan konsentrasi merkuri(II) dalam sampel. Metode yang dikembangkan dioptimasi terhadap beberapa parameter kimia, antara lain konsentrasi larutan iodida, iodat, amilum, dan pH larutan dan pada kondisi optimum memberikan kisaran linier 1 – 9 mg L<sup>-1</sup> ion merkuri(II) dengan R<sup>2</sup> 0,9983, dengan LOD 0,44 mgL<sup>-1</sup>. Metode ini cukup selektif terhadap ion kobalt(II) dan timbal(II), namun ion tembaga(II) dan perak(I) mengganggu pengukuran. Metode ini telah divalidasi menggunakan metode adisi standar yang diaplikasikan ke dalam sampel limbah pertambangan emas dari Lombok dengan hasil yang memuaskan.</p><p><strong>Indirect Spectrophotometry for Mercury(II) Determination Based on The Formation of Blue Starch-Iodine Complex. </strong>Indirect spectrophotometric method for determining mercury(II) concentration has been successfully developed based on the difference of the absorbance of the blue starch-iodine complex in the absence and in the presence of mercury(II). In the absence of mercury(II), all iodide ions (I<sup>-</sup>) in the reagent system are oxidized by iodate to iodine, which in the presence of starch formed a clear blue complex of starch-iodine detected spectrophotometrically at 618 nm. However, if mercury presents in the sample, some of the iodide ions are bound to mercury(II) ion forming tetraiodomercurate(II) complex, and thus, only the remaining of iodide is oxidized by iodate to iodine resulting in lower absorbance of the blue color. The results showed that the delta absorbance was proportional to the concentration of iodide bound to mercury and thus proportional to mercury(II) concentration. To achieve the sensitivity, the method was optimized to the main chemical parameters, such as the concentration of iodide, iodine, iodate, starch, and pH solution. Selectivity of the method was also studied by investigating the effect of interfering ions of copper(II), cobalt (II), lead(II), and silver (I). Under these optimum conditions, the method showed linearity measurements from 1 – 9 mg L<sup>-1</sup> mercury(II) with correlation (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.996. The method was also successfully applied to determine mercury(II) from small-scale gold mining tailing waste from West Lombok, Indonesia and is prospective for analysis of mercury(II) in mining waste.</p>

2

Cha, Ji-Hyun, and Duk-Young Jung. "Air-Stable Transparent Silver Iodide–Copper Iodide Heterojunction Diode." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 50 (December 7, 2017): 43807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b14378.

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3

Nicholas, Aaron D., Francis H. Barnes, Daniel R. Adams, Matthew S. Webber, Matthew A. Sturner, Matthew D. Kessler, David A. Welch, Robert D. Pike, and Howard H. Patterson. "Understanding the vapochromic response of mixed copper(i) iodide/silver(i) Iodide nanoparticles toward dimethyl sulfide." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 20 (2020): 11296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp00504e.

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4

Costa, Leonor, Margarida Nunes, Sónia Costa, Milene Trindade, Catarina Miguel, and Teresa Ferreira. "Unveiling the Ambrotype: Characterization of Two 19th Century Photographs." Microscopy and Microanalysis 25, no. 1 (August 2, 2018): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927618000429.

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AbstractThis work used a multi-analytical approach to characterize two 19th century ambrotypes and was motivated by the lack of insight on these historical objects. Photographic imaging and optical microscopy (OM) were used to identify abrasions, cracks related to reticulation, tarnishing, and other aspects associated to production and degradation processes. With variable pressure scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) these processes were seen with great detail and further characterized. Elemental point analysis and elemental mapping showed that the photosensitive material used was silver iodide. Degradation compounds were found as silver and chlorine-containing compounds. In one of the items, the tarnishing area also contained redeposited silver in a ring-shape surrounding a nucleus rich in silver, copper, and sulfur, in addition to copper-based salts. EDS analyses also identified that the supports were common soda–lime–silica glasses, refined with arsenic; and showed that a pigment rich in iron was used in both items to hand color the cheeks, extended with aluminum silicates alone or mixed with barium sulfate. Theμ-Raman study pointed out that a synthetic Mars pigment was employed.μ-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses identified collodion as the binder. Shellac was used as a protective varnish in one of the items and a gum was possibly employed on the other. Bitumen was used for the background in one ambrotype.

5

Mohamed Saheed, Mohamed Salleh, Norani Muti Mohamed, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh, Mohamed Shuaib Mohamed Saheed, and Rajan Jose. "Optoelectronic Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells through the Incorporation of Plasmonic Particles." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13070999.

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The optoelectronic advantages of anchoring plasmonic silver and copper particles and non-plasmonic titanium particles onto zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflower (NF) scaffolds for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are addressed in this article. The metallic particles were sputter-deposited as a function of sputtering time to vary their size on solution-grown ZnO NFs on which methylammonium lead iodide perovskite was crystallized in a controlled environment. Optical absorption measurements showed impressive improvements in the light-harvesting efficiency (LHE) of the devices using silver nanoparticles and some concentrations of copper, whereas the LHE was relatively lower in devices used titanium than in a control device without any metallic particles. Fully functional PSCs were fabricated using the plasmonic and non-plasmonic metallic film-decorated ZnO NFs. Several fold enhancements in photoconversion efficiency were achieved in the silver-containing devices compared with the control device, which was accompanied by an increase in the photocurrent density, photovoltage, and fill factor. To understand the plasmonic effects in the photoanode, the LHE, photo-current density, photovoltage, photoluminescence, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency, and electrochemical impedance properties were thoroughly investigated. This research showcases the efficacy of the addition of plasmonic particles onto photo anodes, which leads to improved light scattering, better charge separation, and reduced electron–hole recombination rate.

6

McKeage, Mark J., Peter Papathanasiou, Geoffrey Salem, Allan Sjaarda, Gerhard F. Swiegers, Paul Waring, and S. Bruce Wild. "Antitumor Activity of Gold(I), Silver(I) and Copper(I) Complexes Containing Chiral Tertiary Phosphines." Metal-Based Drugs 5, no. 4 (January 1, 1998): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1998.217.

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The in vitro cytotoxicities of a number of gold(I), silver(I) and copper(I) complexes containing chiral tertiary phosphine ligands have been examined against the mouse tumour cell lines P815 mastocytoma, B16 melanoma [gold(I) and silver(I) compounds] and P388 leukaemia [gold(I) complexes only] with many of the complexes having IC50 values comparable to that of the reference compounds cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(ll), cisplatin, and bis[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino) ethane]gold(I) iodide. The chiral tertiary phosphine ligands used in this study include (R)-(2-aminophenyl)methylphenylphosphine; (R,R)-, (S,S)- and (R*,R*)-1,2-phenylenebis(methylphenylphosphine); and (R,R)-, (S,S)- and (R*,R*)-bis{(2-diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphino}ethane. The in vitro cytotoxicities of gold(I) and silver(I) complexes containing the optically active forms of the tetra(tertiary phosphine) have also been examined against the human ovarian carcinoma cell lines 41M and CH1, and the cisplatin resistant 41McisR, CH1cisR and SKOV-3 tumour models. IC50 values in the range 0.01 - 0.04 μM were determined for the most active compounds, silver(I) complexes of the tetra(tertiary phosphine). Furthermore, the chirality of the ligand appeared to have little effect on the overall activity of the complexes: similar IC50 data were obtained for complexes of a particular metal ion with each of the stereoisomeric forms of a specific ligand.

7

Stafford, A. J., M. Silbert, J. Trullas, and A. Giro. "Potentials and correlation functions for the copper halide and silver iodide melts. I. Static correlations." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 31 (August 6, 1990): 6631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/31/016.

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8

Friesel, Milan, Bogdan Baranowski, and Arnold Lunden. "Phase transitions of the system silver mercury iodide (Ag2HgI4)-copper mercury iodide (Cu2HgI4) at normal and high pressure studied by differential scanning calorimetry." Journal of Physical Chemistry 94, no. 3 (February 8, 1990): 1113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100366a019.

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9

Gallyas, F., and J. R. Wolff. "Metal-catalyzed oxidation renders silver intensification selective. Applications for the histochemistry of diaminobenzidine and neurofibrillary changes." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 12 (December 1986): 1667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.12.3537114.

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Physical developers can increase the visibility of end products of certain histochemical reactions, such as oxidative polymerization of diaminobenzidine and selective binding of complex silver iodide ions to Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes. Unfortunately, this intensification by silver coating is generally superimposed on a nonspecific staining originating from the argyrophil III reaction, which also takes place when tissue sections are treated with physical developers. The present study reveals that the argyrophil III reaction can be suppressed when tissue sections are treated with certain metal ions and hydrogen peroxide before they are transferred to the physical developer. The selective intensification of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes requires a pre-treatment with lanthanum nitrate (10 mM/liter) and 3% hydrogen peroxide for 1 hr. The diaminobenzidine reaction can be selectively intensified when physical development is preceded by consecutive treatments with copper sulfate (10 mM/liter, pH 5, 10 min) and hydrogen peroxide (3%, pH 7, 10 min). In peroxidase histochemistry, this high-grade intensification may help to increase specificity and reduce the threshold of detectability in tracing neurons with horseradish peroxidase or in immunohistochemistry when the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method is used.

10

Komljenović, Josipa, Vanja Martinac, and Njegomir Radić. "Ion-sensitive behaviour of silver sulphide-based solid-state copper(II) and iodide electrodes in partially aqueous systems." Analytica Chimica Acta 231 (1990): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)86409-0.

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11

Johnsson, Mats, Ingmar Persson, and Roberto Portanova. "Equilibrium and enthalpy measurements on the copper(I) and silver(I) chloride, bromide, iodide and thiocyanate systems in tetrahydrothiophene." Inorganica Chimica Acta 127, no. 1 (February 1987): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)88360-7.

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12

Trullas, J., and A. Giro. "Potentials and correlation functions for the copper halide and silver iodide melts. II. Time correlation functions and ionic transport properties." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 31 (August 6, 1990): 6643–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/31/017.

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13

Bogachev, A. A., L. S. Kobrina, and G. G. Yakobson. "Reactions of perfluoroaromatic compounds with ethereal solutions of methylmagnesium iodide in the presence of silver(I) and copper(I) salts." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 48, no. 1 (June 1990): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)82604-4.

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14

Bowmaker, Graham A., Effendy, Robert D. Hart, John D. Kildea, and Allan H. White. "Lewis-Base Adducts of Group 11 Metal(I) Compounds. LXXIII Synthesis, Spectroscopy and Structural Systematics of New 1 : 1 'Cubane' Tetramers of Copper(I) and Silver(I) Halides with Triphenylarsine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, no. 6 (1997): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c96039.

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Syntheses and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of a number of 1 : 1 ‘cube tetramer’ adducts of copper(I) and silver(I) halides, MX, with triphenylarsine, AsPh3, are recorded, being [XM(AsPh3)]4. The CuBr adduct, obtained unsolvated from toluene, orthorhombic Pbcn, a 17·844(5), b 20·778(8), c 18·430(4) Å, Z = 4 tetramers, conventional R on |F| 0·058 for No 1309 independent ‘observed’ reflctions (I > 3σ(I)), is isomorphous with previously recorded [ClAg(PPh3)]4, the tetramer having crystallographically imposed 2 symmetry. The CuI adduct, previously recorded as a monobenzene solvate, has been isolated unsolvated from toluene, monoclinic, P 21/n, a 19·70(5), b 27·110(7), c 13·59(2) Å, β 98·84(9)°, Z = 4 tetramers, R 0·087 for No 4359, isomorphous with previously recorded [ICu(PPh3)]4, as a 6½ benzene solvate, triclinic, P-1 a 26·688(2), b 15·180(7), c 13·090(1) Å, α 85·41(2), β 87·580(7), γ 77·63(2)°, Z = 2 tetramers, R 0·049 for No 11485, and as a chloroform disolvate, triclinic, P-1 a 22·584(9), b 13·979(2), c 13·892(2) Å, α 68 ·99(2), β 77·31(3), γ 75·65(3)°, Z = 2, R 0·041 for No 8701. An unsolvated AgI complex, monoclinic, P 21/c, a 25·26(1), b 12·506(5), c 25·228(9) Å, β 113·54(4)°, Z = 4 tetramers, R 0·054 for No 5520, isomorphous with previously recorded [IAg(PPh3)]4 (denoted ‘α’), was obtained from methanol/saturated potassium iodide solution, while a second ‘β’-form obtained from 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, rhombohedral R3c, a 17·048(7) Å, α 61·15(5)°, Z = 2 tetramers, R 0·037 for No 1622, is isomorphous with previously recorded [BrAg(PPh3)]4, for which a redetermination is described (R 0·039 for No 1289); the latter has also been obtained in the common orthorhombic Pbcnarray: a 18·10(1), b 2·08(1), c 18·39(1) Å, Z = 4, R 0·041 for No 2877. A new ‘step’ form of [IAg(PPh3)]4, monoclinic, C 2/c, a 26·14(2), b 16·340(9), c 18·64(2) Å, β 114·04(8)°, R 0·058 for No 2107, obtained from acetonitrile and isomorphous with [BrCu(PPh3)]4 (step), is also recorded. In the far-infrared spectra of [(Ph3As)4Cu4X4] bands which have been assigned to vibrations of the Cu4X4 core are: 166, 150, 135, 114 (X = Br); 136, 85 cm-1 (X = I; 2CHCl3 solvate). The 166, 150, 135 cm-1 bands in the bromide are only partially resolved. These, and the 136 cm-1 band in the iodide are assigned to the T2 v(CuX) mode of the Cu4X4 core; the bands at 114 and 85 cm-1 are assigned to the next highest frequency T2 mode of the cluster. The splitting of the highest frequency T2 band for the bromide is consistent with the greater degree of distortion of the Cu4X4core from ideal Td symmetry in this complex relative to the iodide.

15

Oliveira, Simone S. C., Vanessa S. Santos, Michael Devereux, Malachy McCann, André L. S. Santos, and Marta H. Branquinha. "The Anti-Leishmania amazonensis and Anti-Leishmania chagasi Action of Copper(II) and Silver(I) 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione Coordination Compounds." Pathogens 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010070.

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Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by protozoa belonging to the Leishmania genus. Notably, the search for new, promising and potent anti-Leishmania compounds remains a major goal due to the inefficacy of the available drugs used nowadays. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) coordinated to silver(I), [Ag(phendione)2]ClO4 (Ag-phendione), and copper(II), [Cu(phendione)3](ClO4)2·4H2O (Cu-phendione), as potential drugs to be used in the chemotherapy against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania chagasi. The results showed that promastigotes treated with Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione presented a significant reduction in the proliferation rate. The IC50 values calculated to Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione, respectively, were 7.8 nM and 7.5 nM for L. amazonensis and 24.5 nM and 20.0 nM for L. chagasi. Microscopical analyses revealed several relevant morphological changes in promastigotes, such as a rounding of the cell body and a shortening/loss of the single flagellum. Moreover, the treatment promoted alterations in the unique mitochondrion of these parasites, inducing significant reductions on both metabolic activity and membrane potential parameters. All these cellular perturbations induced the triggering of apoptosis-like death in these parasites, as judged by the (i) increased percentage of annexin-positive/propidium iodide negative cells, (ii) augmentation in the proportion of parasites in the sub-G0/G1 phase and (iii) DNA fragmentation. Finally, the test compounds showed potent effects against intracellular amastigotes; contrarily, these molecules were well tolerated by THP-1 macrophages, which resulted in excellent selective index values. Overall, the results highlight new selective and effective drugs against Leishmania species, which are important etiological agents of both cutaneous (L. amazonensis) and visceral (L. chagasi) leishmaniasis in a global perspective.

16

Alemany, P., L. Bengtsson-Kloo, B. Holmberg, B. C. Hauback, Ola Persson, Ruo-Hua Zhang, Kurt V. Mikkelsen, and Alexander Senning. "Angular Bond Flexibility and Closed-Shell Metal-Metal Interaction in Polymetal Copper(I), Silver(I) and Gold(I) Iodide Complexes. A Quantum Chemical Study." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 52 (1998): 718–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.52-0718.

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17

Khairulaman, Farah Liyana, and Chi Chin Yap. "Effect of Ultrasonic Agitation and Spin Coating Speed on the Photovoltaic Properties of Inverted Organic Solar Cell Using Solution-Dispersed Copper Iodide as Anode Buffer Layer." Solid State Phenomena 301 (March 2020): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.301.153.

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Previous study showed that the introduction of solution-dispersed copper iodide (CuI) as anode buffer layer has improved the performance of inverted type organic solar cell. However, the CuI preparation parameters have yet to be optimized for the inverted type organic solar cell. In this work, the effect of ultrasonic agitation of CuI solution on inverted type organic solar cell based on zinc oxide (ZnO)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):(6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) has been studied. ZnO, acting as electron transporter, was spin-coated on top of fluorine tin oxide (FTO) substrate, while the active layer consisting of P3HT:PCBM as the electron donor and electron acceptor was spin-coated onto the ZnO layer and the top electrode, silver (Ag) was then thermally evaporated. CuI dispersed in acetonitrile solution was ultrasonicated with durations of 10, 20 and 30 min and then was spin-coated on the active layer. It was found that solution-dispersed CuI with longer ultrasonic agitation duration attained a relatively higher PCE than that with shorter duration and the highest PCE was 2.13%, achieved at 30 min ultrasonic agitation due to good film surface morphology. For further optimization, the deposition of CuI was carried out using different spin coating speeds of 1000 and 3000 rpm. The optimum PCE obtained was 2.29 at a spin coating speed of 3000 rpm as a result of uniform layer of CuI.

18

Galdino, Anna Clara Milesi, Lívia Viganor, Matheus Mendonça Pereira, Michael Devereux, Malachy McCann, Marta Helena Branquinha, Zara Molphy, et al. "Copper(II) and silver(I)-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione complexes interact with double-stranded DNA: further evidence of their apparent multi-modal activity towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa." JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 27, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00775-021-01922-3.

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AbstractTackling microbial resistance requires continuous efforts for the development of new molecules with novel mechanisms of action and potent antimicrobial activity. Our group has previously identified metal-based compounds, [Ag(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)2]ClO4 (Ag-phendione) and [Cu(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione)3](ClO4)2.4H2O (Cu-phendione), with efficient antimicrobial action against multidrug-resistant species. Herein, we investigated the ability of Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione to bind with double-stranded DNA using a combination of in silico and in vitro approaches. Molecular docking revealed that both phendione derivatives can interact with the DNA by hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Cu-phendione exhibited the highest binding affinity to either major (− 7.9 kcal/mol) or minor (− 7.2 kcal/mol) DNA grooves. In vitro competitive quenching assays involving duplex DNA with Hoechst 33258 or ethidium bromide demonstrated that Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione preferentially bind DNA in the minor grooves. The competitive ethidium bromide displacement technique revealed Cu-phendione has a higher binding affinity to DNA (Kapp = 2.55 × 106 M−1) than Ag-phendione (Kapp = 2.79 × 105 M−1) and phendione (Kapp = 1.33 × 105 M−1). Cu-phendione induced topoisomerase I-mediated DNA relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA. Moreover, Cu-phendione was able to induce oxidative DNA injuries with the addition of free radical scavengers inhibiting DNA damage. Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione avidly displaced propidium iodide bound to DNA in permeabilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells in a dose-dependent manner as judged by flow cytometry. The treatment of P. aeruginosa with bactericidal concentrations of Cu-phendione (15 µM) induced DNA fragmentation as visualized by either agarose gel or TUNEL assays. Altogether, these results highlight a possible novel DNA-targeted mechanism by which phendione-containing complexes, in part, elicit toxicity toward the multidrug-resistant pathogen P. aeruginosa. Graphical abstract

19

Ahrland, Sten, Shin-ichi Ishiguro, Ingmar Persson, S. Pohjola, Lauri Niinistö, Hans V. Volden, Johann Weidlein, and Ralph A. Zingaro. "Thermodynamics and Structures of Complexes in Solvents Coordinating through Nitrogen. III. Equilibrium and Enthalpy Measurements on the Copper(I) and Silver(I) Chloride, Bromide, Iodide and Thiocyanate Systems in Pyridine." Acta Chemica Scandinavica 40a (1986): 418–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.40a-0418.

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20

Xu, Heng, and Benjamin Wiley. "Single-Crystal Electrochemistry Uncovers the Role of Citrate in the Anisotropic Growth of Ag Nanostructures." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 23 (July 7, 2022): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01231182mtgabs.

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Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals is usually achieved by the addition of capping agents and serves an important approach to endowing metal nanomaterials with desired properties.1 A widely accepted hypothesis in the role of capping agents is they suppress the atomic deposition on the facets they selectively adsorb to, which leads to anisotropic growth.2 However, the roles of capping agents are often qualitatively deduced from the shape of metal nanocrystals formed, making it difficult to rationally design a synthetic condition for a certain shape or aspect ratio. Single-crystal electrochemical measurements have been used to uncover the facet-selective roles of a wide range of capping agents, such as chloride in the synthesis of Cu nanowires, bromide in the synthesis of Au nanorods, and iodide in the synthesis of Cu microplates.3-6 However, the anisotropic growth revealed by the growth of these nanocrystals is 10 times higher than that predicted by the single-crystal electrochemical measurements, indicating planar defects, such as twin planes and stacking faults, can also cause anisotropic growth. To elucidate the effects surface capping and defects in the anisotropic growth of metal nanocrystals, the work presented here combines synthetic methods and electrochemical measurements to reveal the roles of citrate in the growth of seeds with different structures.7 The single-crystal Ag seeds (Figure 1A) grow into cuboctahedra in the absence of citrate (Figure 1B) and octahedra in the presence of citrate (Figure 1C), which closely matches the shape prediction from the electrochemical measurements. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements under the synthetic conditions demonstrate the anisotropic growth with citrate is a result of citrate selectively suppressing the oxidation of a reducing agent, ascorbic acid, and citrate does not affect silver ion reduction. The Ag nanoplate seeds with planar defects (Figure 1D) undergo isotropic growth in the absence of citrate (Figure 1E), but exhibit 30~100 times more anisotropic growth in the presence of citrate than the single-crystal seeds and electrochemical prediction (Figure 1F). Further investigation suggests planar defects can catalyze silver atom deposition to the nanoplate side planes and citrate suppresses surface diffusion to the nanoplate basal planes. (1) Yang, T.-H.; Shi, Y.; Janssen, A.; Xia, Y., Surface Capping Agents and Their Roles in Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Colloidal Metal Nanocrystals. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2020, 59, 15378-15401. (2) Xia, Y.; Xiong, Y.; Lim, B.; Skrabalak, S. E., Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: Simple Chemistry Meets Complex Physics? Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 60-103. (3) Kim, M. J.; Brown, M.; Wiley, B. J., Electrochemical investigations of metal nanostructure growth with single crystals. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 21709-21723. (4) Kim, M. J.; Alvarez, S.; Chen, Z.; Fichthorn, K. A.; Wiley, B. J., Single-Crystal Electrochemistry Reveals Why Metal Nanowires Grow. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, 140, 14740-14746. (5) Brown, M.; Wiley, B. J., Bromide Causes Facet-Selective Atomic Addition in Gold Nanorod Syntheses. Chem. Mater. 2020, 32, 6410-6415. (6) Kim, M. J.; Cruz, M. A.; Chen, Z.; Xu, H.; Brown, M.; Fichthorn, K. A.; Wiley, B. J., Isotropic Iodide Adsorption Causes Anisotropic Growth of Copper Microplates. Chem. Mater. 2021, 33, 881-891. (7) Xu, H.; Wiley, B. J., The Roles of Citrate and Defects in the Anisotropic Growth of Ag Nanostructures. Chem. Mater. 2021, 33, 8301-8311. Figure 1

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Trainor, RW, GB Deacon, WR Jackson, and N. Giunta. "The Use of Bismuth(III) Acetate in 'Wet' and 'Dry' Prevost Reactions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 8 (1992): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9921265.

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cis -Diol and trans-diol derivatives can be prepared from alkenes by reaction with iodine and bismuth(III) acetate in 'wet' and 'dry' acetic acid, respectively. Reactions using lesser amounts of bismuth(III) acetate under 'dry' conditions give iodo acetates and under 'wet' conditions a mixture of iodohydrins and iodo ethers. Comparison of these reactions with those promoted by silver, copper, mercury and thallium salts is included.

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Безруков, П. А., А. В. Нащекин, А. И. Сидоров та Н. В. Никоноров. "Фотокаталитическое разложение растворов метилового оранжевого на поверхности нанопористых слоев меди, серебра и их йодидов". Оптика и спектроскопия 131, № 2 (2023): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2023.02.55011.16-23.

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The efficiency of photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange solutions on the surface of nanoporous layers of copper, silver and their iodides has been studied. It is shows that nanoporous layers on metal substrates have two absorption bands: they absorb radiation in the UV and Vis spectral range. The process of decomposition of methyl orange molecules on the surface of metal-semiconductor nanostructures Cu-CuI and Ag-AgI occurs under the action of UV and Vis irradiation. While transparency of the methyl orange solution increases.

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Millsteed, P. W. "Marshite–miersile solid solution and iodargyrite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia." Mineralogical Magazine 62, no. 04 (August 1998): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646198547846.

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Abstract Microprobe analysis of marshite and miersite from Broken Hill, Australia, demonstrate extensive solid solution between the end-members CuI and AgI, indicating the possibility of a complete solid-solution series. Unit-cell parameters increase from 6.054 Å for marshite to 6.504 Å for miersite, closely following Vegard's Law. The Cu content of iodargyrite is generally below the limit of detection, but one zoned crystal contained 0.28 wt.% Cu. Crystallization of either miersite or iodargyrite at Broken Hill appears to be dependent upon the local availability and ratio of copper, silver and iodine ions.

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ΔΗΜΟΥ, Ε. "The alogenide minerals atacamite, iodargyrite in the epithermal gold mineralization of Profitis Ilias Milos island and their importance." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17089.

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The present work refers to the mineralogical study of samples from borehole cores drilled in Profitis Ilias area at Milos island by the company "MIDAS" S.A., subsidiary of "Silver& Baryte Ores Mining Co" S.A., within the frames of the exploration for epithermal gold and silver. Intensely hydrothermally altered pyroclastic rocks of rhyodacitic composition occur in the area, transformed in a group of secondary minerals as alunite, jarosite, dickite, kaolinite, chrystobalite, chalcedony, adularla, quartz. Several quartz veins rich in barite and occasionally alunite traverse these rocks. The mineralization, located mainly into the quartz veins, is poor in metallic mineral proportion and consists of a few grains of hematite, pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocine, tetraedrite, native gold, electrum, copper. Gold and silver of the order of 20ppm and 1300ppm respectively were observed in some core samples from boreholes of small depth (from 18 up to 21 m.). Initially, the exploration has been focused on the research for silver bearing minerals, taking also into consideration that high silver grades could not be explained by the restricted presence of electrum. However, the investigation proved that the high silver proportion derives from two rare silver alogenides minerals, Iodargyrite (Agi) and Chlorargyrite (AgCl), located into the cavities of the quartz veins or into fully altered-eroded voids of host rocks. These two alogenides present similar mineralogical properties and thus their identification was based mainly on the microanalyses. Moreover, Atakamite Cu2(OH)3Cl another alogenide mineral of emerald-green colour, has been found into the same samples. Its presence indicated increased grades in copper, since the metallic minerals of copper are almost absent. The presence of these alogenide minerals exclusively into cavities and the significant presence of alogene element iodine, suggest deposition, where the seawater (mixed or not with hydrothermal solutions) has played an important role. After the seawater intrusion into various formations (metamorphic basement, volcanic rocks) a high temperature are acquired, as well as enrichment in valuable metals (Au, Ag, Cu) which are deposited during its ascend in higher levels, mainly in form of alogenides. These rare alogenides display significant data on the general mineralization of the area and a different processing-recovery way of the valuable metals occurring into the epithermal mineralization.

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Pyle, B. H., S. C. Broadaway, and G. A. McFeters. "Efficacy of copper and silver ions with iodine in the inactivation ofPseudomonas cepacia." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 72, no. 1 (January 1992): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb04884.x.

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Weng, Zhiqiang, Richmond Lee, Weiguo Jia, Yaofeng Yuan, Wenfeng Wang, Xue Feng, and Kuo-Wei Huang. "Cooperative Effect of Silver in Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Iodides Using Me3SiCF3." Organometallics 30, no. 11 (June 13, 2011): 3229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om200204y.

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Zheng, Kui, Peng Yu, Shuyou Chen, Fen Chen, and Jiang Cheng. "Copper- and Silver-Mediated Cyanation of Aryl Iodides Using DDQ as Cyanide Source." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 4 (March 1, 2013): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.201201140.

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Tamamoto, Ken, Shigeyuki Yamada, and Tsutomu Konno. "Practical tetrafluoroethylene fragment installation through a coupling reaction of (1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobut-3-en-1-yl)zinc bromide with various electrophiles." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (September 11, 2018): 2375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.213.

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(1,1,2,2-Tetrafluorobut-3-en-1-yl)zinc bromide was prepared by insertion of the zinc–silver couple into the CF2–Br bond of commercially available 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene in DMF at 0 °C for 0.5 h, The resultant polyfluorinated zinc reagent was found to be thermally stable at ambient temperature and storable for at least 1.5 years in the refrigerator. This CF2CF2-containing organozinc reagent could be easily transmetallated to copper species, which underwent cross-coupling reactions with various aromatic iodides or acyl chlorides to produce a broad range of CF2CF2-containing organic molecules in good-to-excellent yields. Therefore, the zinc reagent could become a new and practical synthetic tool for producing functional molecules with a CF2CF2 fragment.

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Pyle, B. H., S. C. Broadaway, and G. A. McFeters. "Efficacy of copper and silver ions with iodine in the inactivation of Pseudomonas cepacia." Journal of Applied Microbiology 72, no. 1 (January 1992): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb05189.x.

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Boroznovskaya, N. N., L. A. Zyryanova, and I. V. Pekov. "Luminescent properties of natural copper and silver iodides: Evidence for their composition and structure." Doklady Earth Sciences 438, no. 2 (June 2011): 864–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x11060298.

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Zheng, Kui, Peng Yu, Shuyou Chen, Fen Chen, and Jiang Cheng. "ChemInform Abstract: Copper- and Silver-Mediated Cyanation of Aryl Iodides Using DDQ as Cyanide Source." ChemInform 44, no. 44 (October 14, 2013): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201344082.

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Cachia, Maxime, Hervé Carrier, Brice Bouyssiere, Philippe Le Coustumer, Pierre Chiquet, Guilhem Caumette, and Isabelle Le Hécho. "Solid Particles in Natural Gas from a Transportation Network: A Chemical Composition Study." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2019): 3866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203866.

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This paper aims to provide the elemental composition of particles found in natural gas. Particle sampling is performed on cellulose filters obtained from an industrial gas storage facility, and the qualitative particle composition is determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results establish that natural gas may contain solid particles, with sizes ranging from less than 1 μm to more than 50 μm. The observed particles are composed of numerous elements, such as aluminum (Al), silica (Si), sulphur (S), chloride (Cl), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), manganese (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), potassium (K), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), and barium (Ba), with relative occurrences ranging from 1 to 85%. Moreover, metallic elements enable the formation of larger particles as a result of the agglomeration of smaller particles.

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Janelidze, R., Yu Blagidze, G. Mshvelidze, O. Gogolin, and E. Tsitsishvili. "Mixed mobile ion effect in borosilicate glasses doped with cadmium sulfoselenide and silver and copper iodides." Solid State Ionics 260 (July 2014): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2014.03.019.

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Jin, Guo-Xia, Tian-Chao You, and Jian-Ping Ma. "Three AgI, CuI and CdII coordination polymers based on the new asymmetrical ligand 2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole: syntheses, characterization and emission properties." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 75, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 1690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229619015663.

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The new asymmetrical organic ligand 2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L, C17H13N5O), containing pyridine and imidazole terminal groups, as well as potential oxdiazole coordination sites, was designed and synthesized. The coordination chemistry of L with soft AgI, CuI and CdII metal ions was investigated and three new coordination polymers (CPs), namely, catena-poly[[silver(I)-μ-2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole] hexafluoridophosphate], {[Ag(L)]PF6} n , catena-poly[[copper(I)-di-μ-iodido-copper(I)-bis(μ-2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole)] 1,4-dioxane monosolvate], {[Cu2I2(L)2]·C4H8O2} n , and catena-poly[[[dinitratocopper(II)]-bis(μ-2-{4-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]phenyl}-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole)]–methanol–water (1/1/0.65)], {[Cd(L)2(NO3)2]·2CH4O·0.65H2O} n , were obtained. The experimental results show that ligand L coordinates easily with linear AgI, tetrahedral CuI and octahedral CdII metal atoms to form one-dimensional polymeric structures. The intermediate oxadiazole ring does not participate in the coordination interactions with the metal ions. In all three CPs, weak π–π interactions between the nearly coplanar pyridine, oxadiazole and benzene rings play an important role in the packing of the polymeric chains.

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Jeffrey, Craig A., Wendy M. Storr, and David A. Harrington. "Electrochemical quartz-crystal microbalance study of silver and copper electrodeposition on bare and iodine-covered platinum electrodes." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 569, no. 1 (July 2004): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.02.014.

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Singh, Prabjit, L. Palmer, C. Xu, J. Kaufman, H. Fu, S. Strixner, H. Schweigart, et al. "Conformal Coating Testing in Various Test Environments." Journal of Surface Mount Technology 37, no. 1 (April 26, 2024): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37665/smt.v37i1.48.

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Conformal coatings have traditionally been tested by determining the mean time to failure of conformally coated hardware exposed to corrosive test environments. This test approach has serious shortcomings: The test temperatures are most often too high. At these high temperatures, the conformal coating properties may be quite different from those at the application temperatures. In addition, the times to failure are unacceptably long extending into many months. Overcoming these shortcomings is an iNEMI championed test that involves exposing conformally coated thin films of copper and silver to sulfur vapors at 40-50 oC in flowers of sulfur (FoS) chamber and using the corrosion rates of the coated metal thin films as a measure of the corrosion protection capabilities of the conformal coatings. The test temperatures are similar to the application temperatures, the test durations are no more than a week and can be conducted under various temperature and humidity conditions. The purpose of this paper was to determine if testing in the industry-standard mixed-flowing gas corrosion chamber would give similar results as those using the FoS chamber. Acrylic, fluorinated acrylate, and atomic layer deposition conformal coatings were tested in three environments: (a) flowers of sulfur (FoS), (b) mixed-flowing gas (MFG), and (c) iodine vapor. The performance of the coatings tested in the FoS and the MFG corrosion chambers were quantitatively similar. The iodine vapor test results were in qualitative agreement with the FoS and MFG test results. In addition, we present early results pointing to the utility of terahertz-frequency imaging as a technique for measuring conformal-coating thickness nondestructively.

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Fleischer, Holger. "The Iodine Test for Reducing Sugars – A Safe, Quick and Easy Alternative to Copper(II) and Silver(I) Based Reagents." World Journal of Chemical Education 7, no. 2 (April 10, 2019): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/wjce-7-2-3.

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Zhukovskaya, E. V., S. A. Savko, Yu A. Obukhov, A. F. Karelin, A. P. Goncharov, Yu V. Zhernov, and A. V. Skalny. "Serum levels of chemical elements and carious lesions in children after antitumor therapy." Sechenov Medical Journal 13, no. 4 (March 15, 2023): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/2218-7332.2022.13.4.45-55.

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Aim. To study serum concentrations of trace and macro elements and their correlations in children and adolescents after antitumor therapy, depending on the presence or absence of caries.Materials and methods. The study included 98 patients aged 4 to 17 years who were in remission after an antitumor therapy performed for acute leukemia or lymphomas. Patients with carious tooth lesions were included in group 1 (n = 34) and without caries – in group 2 (n = 64). We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to calculate the content of essential, conditionally essential and toxic elements in blood serum. The median and interquartile range were calculated, the Mann-Whitney U-test was applied to compare groups, and the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) was calculated for tandem elements.Results. In both groups, the concentrations of the studied elements were within the reference ranges. In group 1, compared with group 2, higher concentrations of potassium, arsenic, iodine and boron and lower concentrations of lithium and tungsten (p < 0.05) were noted. There were no differences in the concentration of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, manganese, gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, beryllium, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, lithium, molybdenum, nickel, rubidium, antimony, tin, vanadium, zinc, zirconium and thallium between the groups. Significant correlation coefficients in both groups were obtained for the iron/manganese tandem (τ = 0.24, p < 0.05). Different values of τ were got for nickel/ manganese, cobalt/iron, manganese/phosphorus, beryllium/lithium tandems: τ = 0.342 and τ = 0.14; τ = 0.363 and τ = 0.033; τ = –0.111 and τ = –0.326; τ = –0.365 and τ = 0.42, respectively, for groups 1 and 2.Conclusion. In patients in remission after antitumor therapy, an association of caries with an increase (within reference values) in the concentration of essential (potassium, iodine) and conditionally essential elements (arsenic, boron), a decrease in the concentration of lithium and tungsten; as well as a change in the ratio of nickel/manganese, cobalt/iron, manganese/ phosphorus and change the direction of the correlation in the beryllium/lithium tandem was revealed.

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Belokurova, E. V., E. S. Popov, and M. A. Sargsyan. "Choosing microelements for the immobilization of their colloidal frames on a natural carrier in order to enrich the main food products." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 84, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2022-1-162-166.

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The development and implementation of new technologies for enriching the finished product with trace elements is important and relevant. Deviations in the elemental state of the body are found in the vast majority of the adult population of Russia, significantly differing in nature and degree of severity in representatives of different regions and persons divided by profession and occupation. At the same time, it is recognized that in Russia, on average, about two-thirds of adults and three-quarters of children are classified as at risk for hypomicroelementosis, on the other hand, about one-third of the population is more or less susceptible to hypermicroelementosis. The most common deficiency of trace elements such as iron, zincum, copper, chromium, iodine, selenium, cobalt, silicium. The main problem of detecting microelementosis is that the deficiency of essential elements does not have a pronounced clinical picture. To correct the finished formulations of products, it is necessary to take into account the indicators of the level of absorption and the rate of release of these elements, as well as ways of their disposal in the body. One of the most effective ways to introduce essential and conditionally essential elements into formulations is the immobilization of colloidal solutions with a high content of these elements on a polymeric materialor protein carrier, followed by introduction into the composition of the prepared product. The efficiency of using elements such as silver, gold, zinc, cobalt and selenium as a colloidal phase is described. Antagonistic and synergistic interactions of essential elements, their effect on the body, taking into account the indicators of absorption and the rate of their excretion, are described.

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Rodríguez-Luna, Dante, Francisco Encina-Montoya, Francisco Javier Alcalá, and Nuria Vela. "An Overview of the Environmental Impact Assessment of Mining Projects in Chile." Land 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 2278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122278.

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In accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the main management tool used to identify and prevent the impact of productive activities on the environment and human health and promote compensation measures. Metallic mining is the main productive sector in Chile. In 2021, Chile was the highest global producer of copper, the second-highest producer of molybdenum, and the third-highest producer of silver. Other types of non-metallic mining, such as siliceous aggregates, iodine, and hydrocarbons, are also notable. Mining activity requires robust and flexible environmental legislation. This paper analyzes the performance of the Chilean EIA system regarding mining projects entered into the system as Environmental Impact Declarations (EIDs) for low-incident projects and Environmental Impact Studies (EISs) for high-incident projects. The 2867 mining projects submitted to the Chilean EIA system as EIDs (91.8%) and EISs (8.2%) between 1994 and 2019 were compiled. For a proper performance evaluation, a representative sample of 68 projects (61 EID and 7 EIS) was studied through a principal coordinate analysis using eleven indicators widely used in the EIA scientific literature. The results do not show significant differences between the EID and EIS projects or remarkable differences regarding the increasing restrictions introduced by the successive regulatory periods SD30, SD95, and SD40. Based on the observed weaknesses, four opportunities for improvement are proposed focused on creating a simplified sanctioning procedure, upgrading the form of delivery of the project monitoring information, early citizen participation, and incorporating the climate change variable into the projects. This paper extends the methodology introduced in previous papers to evaluate the performance of the Chilean EIA system in mining projects, seeking also to offer a feasible methodology to other countries with a similar socio-economic context or other productive sectors potentially impacted by the degradation of land and renewable natural resources.

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Donaldson, Elsie M., and Mohui Wang. "Determination of silver, antimony, bismuth, copper, cadmium and indium in ores, concentrates and related materials by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry after methyl isobutyl ketone extraction as iodides." Talanta 33, no. 3 (March 1986): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(86)80057-1.

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Moskalets, T. Z., I. V. Grynyk, V. V. Moskalets, V. S. Frantsishko, V. V. Frantsishko, and I. Y. Matlai. "Guelder-rose ordinary (Viburnum opulus L.) breeding study at the Institute of Horticulture, NAAS of Ukraine." Horticulture: Interdepartment Subject Scientific Collection, no. 76 (2021): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35205/0558-1125-2021-76-150-166.

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The information is presented about the economic importance and promises of the European cranberrybush cultivation, in particular, the attention has been accented on the consuming and medicinal value of its fruits and the plants bark and leaves as the sources of the biologically active substances. The Viburnum opulus L. plantations have appeared valuable from the viewpoint of ecology for they function as the most substantial soil protective patches and can be used widely as perspective sylvicultural as well as fruit and small fruit orchards. The paper states that the ability to accumulate vitamin C is a genetically determined species trait of Viburnum. However, the cultivation of wild plants, causes the formation of large fruits, but concerning the biochemical parameters they are inferior to the forms of natural coenoses, in particular, the content of ascorbic acid. The fruits of Viburnum opulus L. contain a number of other nutrients, including 13 free amino acids, among which dominated serine, glutamic acid, alanine etc. dominate as well as phenolic (P-active) substances, carotenoids, compounds of manganese, copper, bromine, selenium, nickel, strontsium, silver, iodine, boron and so on. Until recently European cranberrybush was considered a medicinal plant. But with the growing demand for fruit raw materials with high nutritional value, this plant was included in to a number of niches introduced into the culture of horticulture. As a result of the indidual selection (in a hybrid nursery) of the seedlings formed from hybride seeds obtained by means of the controlled and artificial pollination and inspection of the Ukraine’s waste ecosystems breeding forms have been selected that distinguish themselves for valuable economic traits. Among the studie initial material the new breeding forms (Yaroslavna, Elina, Uliana, Ania, Koralova Podilska and Tsukrova have been selected and registered by the National Centre of the Genetic Resources of the Plants of Ukraine. ‘Anya’ and ‘Uliana’ have been transferred to the State strain testing in 2019 and entered into the State Register of the Cultivars of the Plants Favourable for the Spread in Ukraine in 2020. The ferms F 11-3-2016 (Krasunia), F 329-10-17 (Gigantela), F 360-5-17 (Omriiana) and F 302-11-17 (Sokovyta) are characterized with the important economic traits and are significant initial material for the prior directions of the European cranberrybush breeding. The above mentioned forms distinguish themselves for the high winter-hardiness and drought-resistance (9 points) as well as the average (more than 6 kg/plant) and high productivity (above 17 kg/plant).

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Baghmar, Deoshree, Neeraj Gaur, Dinesh Gupta, and Sadhana Singh. "Structural properties of silver iodide and copper iodide." Open Physics 6, no. 3 (January 1, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11534-008-0085-2.

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AbstractThe structural changes within the Silver iodide (AgI) and Copper iodide (CuI) induced by pressure have been investigated using an effective interaction potential. CuI and AgI in their parent zinc blende (ZnS) to rock salt (NaCl) through an intermediate structure have been reported. The calculated values for the phase transition pressures and associate volume collapses are generally in good agreement with measured data.

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Eremin, Katherine, James Tate, Alison Morrison-Low, James Berry, and Sara Stevenson. "Non-destructive analysis of Nineteenth century Scottish calotype negatives and salt prints." MRS Proceedings 712 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-712-ii10.2.

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ABSTRACTNineteenth century negatives and positives in the collections of the National Museums of Scotland (NMS) and the National Galleries of Scotland (NGS) were analysed non-destructively to identify the techniques used in their manufacture. Modern positive and negative images prepared using known nineteenth century processes were also analysed for comparison. Air-path energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis and controlled pressure scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive microanalysis enabled the images to be divided into groups based on the levels of bromine, iodine and silver, and the likely processes used inferred. An early group of positives were probably sensitised with either silver chloride or silver bromide and fixed with potassium bromide. However, most positives were probably sensitised with silver chloride and fixed with sodium thiosulphate. Most negatives were probably sensitized with silver iodide and fixed with potassium bromide (predominant), sodium thiosulphate or potassium iodide. Cobalt and arsenic are present due to the use of smalt in the production of white paper. Copper and zinc are attributed to incorporation of fragments of brass buttons left on the rags used in paper production, observed as small blue spots. The presence of iron, sometimes visible as orange spots, may be from rust off the paper making machines.

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Putland, Benjamin W. J., Marcello Righetto, Heon Jin, Markus Fischer, Alexandra J. Ramadan, Karl‐Augustin Zaininger, Laura M. Herz, Harry C. Sansom, and Henry J. Snaith. "Compositional Transformation and Impurity‐Mediated Optical Transitions in Co‐Evaporated Cu₂AgBiI₆ Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications." Advanced Energy Materials, January 17, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202303313.

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AbstractQuaternary copper‐silver‐bismuth‐iodide compounds represent a promising new class of wide‐bandgap (2 eV) semiconductors for photovoltaic and photodetector applications. In this study, vapor phase co‐evaporation is utilized to fabricate Cu2AgBiI6 thin films and photovoltaic devices. The findings show that the properties of vapor‐deposited films are highly dependent upon processing temperature, exhibiting increased pinhole density and transforming into a mixture of quaternary, binary, and metallic phases depending on the post‐deposition annealing temperature. This change in phase is accompanied by an enhancement in photoluminescence (PL) intensity and charge‐carrier lifetime, along with the emergence of an additional absorption peak at high energy (≈3 eV). Generally, increased PL is a desirable property for a solar absorber material, but this change in PL is ascribed to the formation of CuI impurity domains, whose defect‐mediated optical transition dominates the emission properties of the thin film. Via optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy, it is revealed that CuI impurities hinder charge‐carrier transport in Cu2AgBiI6 thin films. It is also revealed that the predominant performance limitation in Cu2AgBiI6 materials is the short electron‐diffusion length. Overall, the findings pave the way for potential solutions to critical issues in copper‐silver‐bismuth‐iodide materials and indicate strategies to develop environmentally compatible wide‐bandgap semiconductors.

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Hyatt, Neil C., Joseph A. Hriljac, Alia Choudhry, Laura Malpass, Gareth P. Sheppard, and Ewan R. Maddrell. "Zeolite - Salt Occlusion: A Potential Route for the Immobilisation of Iodine-129?" MRS Proceedings 807 (2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-807-359.

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ABSTRACTReactions of zeolite Na-A with AgI, and the sodium, copper and lead forms of zeolites A, LTA, X and Y with NaI, have been examined as possible starting routes to the long term immobilisation of iodine-129. Heating the salts in air, at 500°C, with the sodium forms of the zeolites leads to the formation of occlusion products, where the iodide salt migrates into the zeolite pores. Detailed studies of the Na-A / 5AgI complex indicate it has a uniform distribution of Na, Si, Al, Ag and I, and is thermally stable to ca. 750°C, where there is a substantial weight loss as iodine is released. In situ powder X-ray diffraction studies have been used to monitor the occlusion reaction at 400°C, and show that the occlusion product decomposes to produce a single crystalline phase at 800°C prior to further decomposition at 850°C to a mixture of nepheline and elemental silver.

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Van Scyoc, J. M., R. B. James, T. E. Schlesinger, and T. S. Gilbert. "Defects and Impurities in Mercuric Iodide Processing." MRS Proceedings 378 (1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-378-795.

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AbstractIn the fabrication of mercuric iodide (HgI2) room temperature radiation detectors, as in any semiconductor process, the quality of the final device is very sensitive to the impurities and defects present. Each process step can change the effects of existing defects, reduce the number of defects, or introduce new defects. In HgI2 detectors these defects act as trapping and recombination centers, thereby degrading immediate performance and leading to unstable devices. In this work we characterized some of the defects believed to strongly affect detector operation. Specifically, we studied impurities that are known to be present in typical HgI2 materials. Leakage current measurements were used to study the introduction and characteristics of these impurities, as such experiments reveal the mobile nature of these defects. In particular, we found that copper, which acts as a hole trap, introduces a positively charged center that diffuses and drifts readily in typical device environments. These measurements suggest that Cu, and related impurities like silver, may be one of the leading causes of HgI2 detector failures.

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Mazumder, Sahab Uddin, C. S. Sunandana, S. Mahapatra, and Sundarayya Y. "Electronic structure calculations on copper substituted silver iodide through modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential." Physica B: Condensed Matter, October 2023, 415401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2023.415401.

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49

Cha, Ji-Hyun, Jong Yun Kim, Young-Jun Yu, and Duk-Young Jung. "Enhanced Resistive Switching of Silver Copper Iodide Thin Films Prepared by Interfacial Phase Formation." Applied Surface Science, June 2023, 157785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157785.

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Pai, Narendra, Manjunath Chatti, Sebastian O. Fürer, Andrew D. Scully, Sonia R. Raga, Nitish Rai, Boer Tan, et al. "Solution Processable Direct Bandgap Copper‐Silver‐Bismuth Iodide Photovoltaics: Compositional Control of Dimensionality and Optoelectronic Properties." Advanced Energy Materials, July 17, 2022, 2201482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202201482.

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