Статті в журналах: "SILICON VALLEY BANK"

1

Beainy, Dr Richard Hanna, and Dr Jeanne Kaspard Kamel. "Surviving the Post Silicon Valley Bank Crisis." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 3 (July 31, 2023): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i3.1598.

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In the wake of the sudden collapse of three major financial institutions in the United States (Silicon Valley Bank, Silver Gate, and Signature Bank) the Federal Government intervention was swift and quick and even surpassed regulations by promising a full refund for all bank depositors, yet was the major intervention by the Government and the United States President Joe Biden a sign of strength or weakness? This study analyzes the importance of the financial sector to achieve economic prosperity as well as the readiness of the United States Government to face future challenges that might jeopardize the entire international financial system through alarming World Bank Data.

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Galati, Luca, and Francesco Capalbo. "Silicon Valley Bank bankruptcy and Stablecoins stability." International Review of Financial Analysis 91 (January 2024): 103001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.103001.

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Hamurcu, Çağri. "Bank failure risk: A study on Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and Silvergate Capital Corporations." Financial Internet Quarterly 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2023-0011.

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Abstract This study investigates whether the ratio of long-term investment to total assets, the ratio of cash on hand to total assets, and the ratio of price-to-earnings are risk indicators for bank failures. Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), Signature Bank, and Silvergate Capital Corp., which experienced bank failure, and banks that are among the 20 largest banks in the USA are analyzed with the panel data method. Analyses were made using quarterly data between 2003Q4 and 2022Q4. It is revealed that the long-term investment to total assets ratio increases the bank failure risk. The risk of bank failure varies negatively with the cash on hand to total assets ratio. Bank failure risk rises as the price-to-earnings ratio rises. In terms of revealing the factors influencing the risk of bank failure and possible consequences, it is expected that the findings obtained could contribute to the literature.

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4

Simms, Chris David. "The World Bank: can it learn from Silicon Valley?" Lancet Global Health 2, no. 11 (November 2014): e633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(14)70322-5.

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Baloğlu, Gürol, Kaan Çakalı, Nazan Güngör Karyağdı, and Kadir Gökoğlan. "Managing and Reporting Liquidity Risks: Silicon Valley Bank Case." Muhasebe Enstitüsü Dergisi / Journal of Accounting Institute, no. 69 (August 29, 2023): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/med.1301779.

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6

Baker, Dean. "The Silicon Valley Bank Run: Regulatory and Media Failure." Intereconomics 58, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ie-2023-0024.

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Bales, Stephan, and Hans-Peter Burghof. "Public attention, sentiment and the default of Silicon Valley Bank." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 69 (January 2024): 102026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2023.102026.

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Dutta, Anurag, Liton Chandra Voumik, Lakshmanan Kumarasankaralingam, Abidur Rahaman, and Grzegorz Zimon. "The Silicon Valley Bank Failure: Application of Benford’s Law to Spot Abnormalities and Risks." Risks 11, no. 7 (July 3, 2023): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks11070120.

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Data are produced every single instant in the modern era of technological breakthroughs we live in today and is correctly termed as the lifeblood of today’s world; whether it is Google or Meta, everyone depends on data to survive. But, with the immense surge in technological boom comes several backlashes that tend to pull it down; one similar instance is the data morphing or modification of the data unethically. In many jurisdictions, the phenomenon of data morphing is considered a severe offense, subject to lifelong imprisonment. There are several cases where data are altered to encrypt reliable details. Recently, in March 2023, Silicon Valley Bank collapsed following unrest prompted by increasing rates. Silicon Valley Bank ran out of money as entrepreneurial investors pulled investments to maintain their businesses afloat in a frigid backdrop for IPOs and individual financing. The bank’s collapse was the biggest since the financial meltdown of 2008 and the second-largest commercial catastrophe in American history. By confirming the “Silicon Valley Bank” stock price data, we will delve further into the actual condition of whether there has been any data morphing in the data put forward by the Silicon Valley Bank. To accomplish the very same, we applied a very well-known statistical paradigm, Benford’s Law and have cross-validated the results using comparable statistics, like Zipf’s Law, to corroborate the findings. Benford’s Law has several temporal proximities, known as conformal ranges, which provide a closer examination of the extent of data morphing that has occurred in the data presented by the various organizations. In this research for validating the stock price data, we have considered the opening, closing, and highest prices of stocks for a time frame of 36 years, between 1987 and 2023. Though it is worth mentioning that the data used for this research are coarse-grained, still since the validation is subjected to a larger time horizon of 36 years; Benford’s Law and the similar statistics used in this article can point out any irregularities, which can result in some insight into the situation and into whether there has been any data morphing in the Stock Price data presented by SVB or not. This research has clearly shown that the stock price variations of the SVB diverge much from the permissible ranges, which can give a conclusive direction on further investigations in this issue by the responsible authorities. In addition, readers of this article must note that the conclusion formed about the topic discussed in this article is objective and entirely based on statistical analysis and factual figures presented by the Silicon Valley Bank Group.

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9

Robinson, Courtney N., Gregory A. Baker, Michael J. Harwood, and Lucy O. Diekmann. "Food expenditures and consumption by food bank clients in Silicon Valley." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 4 (November 5, 2020): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0125.

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Food insecurity is a pervasive problem in the United States and it is particularly acute in high cost areas. This study focuses on the diets and food expenditures of food bank clients in two Northern California counties located in what is commonly known as Silicon Valley. The results indicate that the study group spent 27% more than the federal government’s Thrifty Food Plan, but consumed a lower amount of fruits, vegetables, protein, and dairy than what is needed for a healthy diet. Policies that encourage better nutrition and more balanced diets at affordable prices and which take into account the living and transportation situations of food insecure populations are needed to address these issues.

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10

Karadas, Serkan, and Nilufer Ozdemir. "Does Public Corruption Affect Bank Failures? Evidence from the United States." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 10 (October 19, 2023): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16100451.

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Corruption influences firm behavior and performance even in relatively transparent countries like the United States. In this paper, we examine whether corruption at the state level affected bank failures during the subprime mortgage crisis. Our measure of corruption is the number of corruption convictions of government employees (adjusted for population) based on the Public Integrity Section (PIN) reports from the Department of Justice, capturing the degree of “public corruption” in the US. After disaggregating the data based on bank size and geography, we find that corruption is associated with more bank failures for smaller banks and fewer bank failures for banks located in the South. This research marks a pioneering attempt to examine the connection between corruption and bank failures while underscoring the significance of political risk for financial institutions. Given the recent setbacks experienced by Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank, this research provides valuable recommendations for policymakers. The findings suggest the need for regulators to mandate greater transparency regarding banks’ exposure to undisclosed risks, such as political risk. It also advocates for implementing internal control mechanisms to curb corrupt activities.

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11

Gu, Dengyi. "The stock price forecast under the failure of silicon valley bank based on the ARIMA model." Applied and Computational Engineering 15, no. 1 (October 23, 2023): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/15/20230846.

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The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank on March 10, 2023, had a profound impact on the stock prices of many companies in the United States. This study aims to examine the response of other banks in the US to this event by utilizing the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to forecast their stock prices. The research demonstrates that the ARIMA model effectively predicts the general trend of these banks' stock prices, with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values below 1 for four out of six major US banks. These findings indicate that the proposed method is a promising tool for managing sudden fluctuations in stock prices, outperforming traditional linear regression models. Consequently, this research provides valuable insights for investors and financial institutions in managing and mitigating risks associated with abrupt market changes. Additionally, the study contributes to a greater understanding of the effects of bank collapses on the stock market. Overall, the research highlights the significance of incorporating advanced forecasting methods, such as ARIMA, in analyzing and predicting stock price movements in volatile market conditions.

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12

Ngwakwe, Collins C. "Stock Market Price Effect of the Silicon Valley Bank Failure – A Pre and Within Analysis." Oblik i finansi, no. 2(100) (2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2023-2(100)-75-82.

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State-chartered commercial bank – Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) was the primary subsidiary of SVB Financial Group. In March 2023, after central bank–endorsed interest rate hikes during the 2021–2023 inflation surge, there was a bank run on its deposits, which led to its collapse. This marked the third-largest bank failure in U.S. history and took place alongside the March 2023 United States bank failures. This paper evaluated the differential effect of Silicon Valley Bank failure on the stock market. Two objectives were pivotal, namely the examination of differential stock price performance of SVB prior to failure. Secondly is the examination of the differential effect of SVB failure on the US S&P500 stock price performance. Applying a t-test statistics for difference in means, the results show a significant difference in mean stock price of SVB between a month and two weeks period before SVB failure at P<0.05, with higher variance within the week before failure. Furthermore, the t-test results disclose a highly significant difference in US S&P500 mean stock price between February 2023 (a month before failure) and March 2023 (within the month of failure) at P<0.001 with a high variance in March; however, this effect did not last long. Accordingly, the paper concludes that the failure of a prominent financial institution may trigger ripples in a major stock market index. Additionally, investors should be cautious of an unprecedent and abnormal higher variance in a corporate stock price as this might be an ominous indicator of potential financial failure. This paper contributes a current information for managers and particularly for speculative investors for decisions on selling short or long. It recommends further research to examine the effect of SVB failure and FDIC intervention on stock markets.

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13

Peng, Xuming. "Assessment of Banking Risk Management under COVID-19." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 15 (June 28, 2023): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v15i.9347.

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The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 has had a significant impact on the global economic situation, with the banking sector being exposed to various degrees of risk in various aspects. These include liquidity risk, credit risk, market-based risk and operational risk. And in the post-epidemic era of policy adjustments, bank failures or bankruptcy caused by the Fed's interest rate hikes have also become cases that need to be focused on when managing risk in the banking industry today. This paper will discuss the risk management of commercial banks in the context of the epidemic by referring to cases such as the bankruptcy of Silicon Valley Bank and the failure of Credit Suisse Bank, as well as the effectiveness of the Basel Accord, the mainstream banking regulatory system, and eventually give suggestions on the future direction of management and regulation in consideration of the current problems and conditions faced by banks.

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14

Hu, Bing, and Yi Wu. "AI-based Compliance Automation in Commercial Bank: How the Silicon Valley Bank Provided a Cautionary Tale for Future Integration." International Research in Economics and Finance 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/iref.v7i1.1356.

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Silicon Valley Bank's failure serves as a poignant reminder of the criticality of regulatory compliance and the potential risks that arise from non-compliance. The incident underscores the importance of financial institutions regularly reviewing and adjusting their investment strategies to align with evolving market conditions and risk tolerance levels. In this context, the adoption of advanced technologies such as Financial Enterprise Control Intelligence (FECI) systems becomes imperative. FECI systems are specifically designed to assist financial institutions in effectively managing regulatory compliance and risk management processes. By incorporating advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and data analytics, these systems automate and streamline various aspects of compliance and risk analysis.

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15

Mérő, Katalin. "Shall we reconsider banking regulations? Some lessons drawn from the failure of Silicon Valley Bank and Credit Suisse." Economy & finance 10, no. 2 (2023): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33908/ef.2023.2.2.

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The paper analyses the lessons related to banking regulations to be drawn from two banking failures in March 2023, the bankruptcies of Silicon Valley Bank and Credit Suisse. The two failures have questioned whether the regulatory system established following the 2008 crisis can guarantee the stability of the banking sector. The paper analyses four areas of regulations that have come to the fore linked to the two cases. They are the issue of applying the principle of “too-big-tofail”, and the regulations related to capital structure, banking book interest rate risk and liquidity risk. It is true for all four issues that the currently valid rules are not sufficient to guarantee stability and proper crisis management if banks have to face crises never encountered before. Banking regulations providing financial stability should strive to adopt a new approach instead of further hardening the current rules. A radical reduction of leverage or the introduction of central bank digital currency could become examples of such a new approach.

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16

Omer Mustafa, Omer Allagabo. "SVB Failure: Causes and Results on Banking Industry." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 92 (June 28, 2023): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.92.9.19.

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The paper aims to answer important questions about What is, How, and why Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) failed? Are other U.S. banks at risk? Is the SVB turmoil a repeat of the 2008 crisis? The results found that SVB was founded in 1983 as a bank specializing to enhance tech startups. It was the 16th largest U.S. bank, with around USD211 billion in assets and USD173 billion in deposits in 2022. Since 2021 SVB achieved a high accumulation of deposits. It invested heavily in long-dated T-Bonds and when the Fed raise interest rates as part of its monetary policy to fight inflation, the market values of SVB securities declined dramatically. Depositors began to rush to withdraw funds. SVB was forced to sell their T-bonds at a significant loss and failed to meet customers’ withdrawals and was exposed to a bank run on March 10. SVB fail because of mismanagement of liquidity and interest rate risk, ineffective board of directors, and the Fed’s unsuccessful to take forceful enough action. Although the U.S. President and the Vice Chair of the Fed System indicated that the banking system is still sound and far from repeating the 2008 crisis, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank failed. The paper recommends the regulators review the supervisory standards of banks, tech startups, and emerging markets. Moreover, obligation banks to activate the application of internal audit, bank governance, and stress testing, and issue appropriate decisions promptly. Policymakers must pay attention to how the economic sectors will respond to changes in policies applied.

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Omer Mustafa, Omer Allagabo. "SVB Failure: Causes and Results on Banking Industry." International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 92 (June 28, 2023): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ijefr.92.8.18.

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The paper aims to answer important questions about What is, How, and why Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) failed? Are other U.S. banks at risk? Is the SVB turmoil a repeat of the 2008 crisis? The results found that SVB was founded in 1983 as a bank specializing to enhance tech startups. It was the 16th largest U.S. bank, with around USD211 billion in assets and USD173 billion in deposits in 2022. Since 2021 SVB achieved a high accumulation of deposits. It invested heavily in long-dated T-Bonds and when the Fed raise interest rates as part of its monetary policy to fight inflation, the market values of SVB securities declined dramatically. Depositors began to rush to withdraw funds. SVB was forced to sell their T-bonds at a significant loss and failed to meet customers’ withdrawals and was exposed to a bank run on March 10. SVB fail because of mismanagement of liquidity and interest rate risk, ineffective board of directors, and the Fed’s unsuccessful to take forceful enough action. Although the U.S. President and the Vice Chair of the Fed System indicated that the banking system is still sound and far from repeating the 2008 crisis, Signature Bank and First Republic Bank failed. The paper recommends the regulators review the supervisory standards of banks, tech startups, and emerging markets. Moreover, obligation banks to activate the application of internal audit, bank governance, and stress testing, and issue appropriate decisions promptly. Policymakers must pay attention to how the economic sectors will respond to changes in policies applied.

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18

Mérő, Katalin. "Szükség van-e a bankszabályozás újragondolására? A Silicon Valley Bank és a Credit Suisse esetének néhány tanulsága." Gazdaság és Pénzügy 10, no. 2 (2023): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33926/gp.2023.2.2.

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A cikk azt elemzi, hogy a 2023 márciusában kialakult két bankválságnak, a Silicon Valley Bank és a Credit Suisse csődjének milyen bankszabályozásra vonatkozó tanulságai vannak. A két csőd megkérdőjelezte, hogy a 2008-as válságot követően kialakított szabályozási rendszer képes a bankszektor stabilitásának biztosítására. A szabályozás négy olyan területét elemzi a cikk, amelyek a két eset kapcsán előtérbe kerültek. Ezek: a „túl nagy a csődhöz” elv alkalmazásának kérdése, a tőkeszerkezettel kapcsolatos szabályok, valamint a banki könyvi kamatkockázat és a likviditási kockázat szabályozása. Mind a négy kérdéssel kapcsolatban kimutatható, hogy ha a korábbiakhoz képest újszerű sokkal kell a bankoknak szembesülniük, akkor a jelenleg érvényes szabályok nem kellően biztosítják a bankrendszerek stabilitását és a megfelelő válságkezelést. A pénzügyi stabilitást biztosító bankszabályozásnak nem a jelenlegi szabályok további szigorítására, hanem új szemlélet kialakítására kellene törekednie. Ilyen új szemlélet lehet a tőkeáttétel radikális csökkentése vagy a digitális jegybankpénz bevezetése.

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19

Iancu, Dumitru, and Anca Dinicu. "Strategic Management in a Complex Geopolitical and Economic Context." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 29, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2023-0019.

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Abstract After the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, markets and economies were expected to stabilize in the sense of returning to average growth trends so that strategies and strategic management in organizations would be much more straightforward and predictable. Not only has the economic recovery not happened, with dramatic consequences, at least in terms of productivity, trade, and tourism, but developments on the international stage in the post-pandemic period, including the conflict in Ukraine, the failure of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, and First Republic Bank in the US, the takeover of Credit Suisse by UBS Bank in Switzerland, the social upheavals in France and Israel, do not support this stabilization, but on the contrary create fears of cascading events, contagion and widespread seizure of the international security environment. Thus, we consider the question: Is strategic management still relevant in a complex, fluid, and challenging context?

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20

Bohrer, Karl Heinz. "Ich ohne Ideen. Virginia Woolf, André Gide und Franz Kafka." Zeitschrift für Ideengeschichte 12, no. 3 (2018): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1863-8937-2018-3-48.

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1. Herausgefordert durch den Denkstil des vor der Tür liegenden Silicon Valley trafen sich 2005 Professoren des Humanity Centre der Universtität Stanford: Was unterscheidet die Geisteswissenschaften von den Naturwissenschaften? - war die nicht gerade neu gestellte Frage. Es gab seit geraumer Zeit die Neigung, den Unterschied einzuebnen. Mir fiel bei meiner Einlassung eine Erinnerung aus der Volksschulzeit ein: Anlässlich der Demonstration der Schwerkraft bei fallenden Körpern soll ich mich nicht beteiligt haben, sondern blieb in meiner Bank sitzen. Auf die Frage des Lehrers, warum mich das nicht interessierte, soll ich nach einem Bericht meines Vaters gesagt haben. "Weil es nichts mit mir zu tun hat."

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Wang, Jingnan, and Yugang He. "Assessing the Macroeconomic Consequences of External Financial Upheavals on China: A Caution of a Silicon Valley Bank’s Collapse." Axioms 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2023): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12080755.

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In the context of an increasingly interconnected global economy, deciphering the complex ripple effects of external financial disruptions on national economies is a task of utmost significance. This article dives deep into the intricate repercussions of such disturbances on the macroeconomic dynamics of China using the example of the potential insolvency of a Silicon Valley bank. Grounded in empirical scrutiny, we leverage data spanning from Q1 2000 to Q1 2022 and the analytical utility of the impulse response function to illuminate our findings. We find that external financial tumult triggers a global recession, adversely impacting China’s export-driven economy while simultaneously unsettling aggregate output, employment levels, and wage stability. Simultaneously, these disruptions induce variability in consumption tendencies, investment trajectories, and import volumes and inject instability into interest rate paradigms. We also acknowledge the potential for currency depreciation and bank insolvency incidents to induce inflationary stresses, primarily by escalating the costs of imports. However, these inflationary tendencies may be offset by the concomitant economic slowdown and diminished demand inherent to global recessions. Importantly, the tightening of global credit conditions, coupled with existing financial ambiguities, may obstruct investment initiatives, curtail imports, and exert influence on both risk-free and lending interest rates. Our investigation also probes into the response of the Chinese government’s monetary policy to these external financial shocks. Despite the vital role of monetary policy in alleviating the impacts of these shocks, the potential secondary effects on China’s domestic economy warrant attention. Our study underscores the imperative of proper policy design rooted in a profound understanding of the intricate economic interdependencies for effective management and mitigation of the potentially detrimental consequences of such financial upheavals on China’s macroeconomic resilience within the tapestry of a tightly knit global financial ecosystem.

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Wisskirchen, Cornel, Dirk Vater, Tim Wright, Philippe De Backer, and Christine Detrick. "The customer‐led bank: converting customers from defectors into fans." Strategy & Leadership 34, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878570610652590.

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PurposeTo show that retail bank executives across the world are awakening to a realization that long‐term growth and profitability hinge on their ability to attract and retain loyal customers.Design/methodology/approachIn Bain's experience, the best tool for gauging the benefit of fostering customer advocacy is the “Net Promoter™ Score” (NPS), a measurement developed by Satmetrix Systems, a Silicon Valley‐based software and services firm that specializes in customer experience management.FindingsUS banks earn an average net promoter score of just 6 percent – far below those of leaders in the personal computer, property and casualty insurance and car rental industries. The NPS of German retail banks is just 13 percent, on average; meanwhile UK banks rate a dismal minus 6 percent.Research limitations/implicationsA recent global benchmarking study by Bain & Company reveals that bankers recognize they have a problem. In the study, bankers rated the building of strong customer relationships as one of their most important keys to success. Yet they acknowledged that they were not doing a good job of rising to that challenge.Practical implicationsThe Bain study found that banks acknowledged six imperatives as crucial to winning over new customers, deepening relationships with existing account holders and reinforcing all customers' perception that they receive superior value:Originality/valueStrategic managers in banking and other industries must manage to six imperatives: design products and services that offer a truly captivating value proposition and generate genuine consumer enthusiasm; understand their target customer segments in detail and communicate with laser like precision; systematic nurture of new‐customer relationships; manage the customer experience, not just the account; dare to be different; and concentrate on measurements that enable anticipation of customer behavior.

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23

Ma, Xuanling, and Meng Ji. "Analysis of the risk transmission mechanism of monetary policy in the monetary and financial service sectors from the perspective of asset-liability management." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 17, 2023): e0292007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292007.

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The Silicon Valley Bank crisis that occurred in March 2023 highlights the importance of studying the risk transmission mechanism underlying monetary policy. To explore this mechanism in the monetary and financial services sector from the perspective of asset-liability management, the relationships between asset- and liability-side risks and the corresponding action direction of those risks were empirically studied based on the risk-taking channel theory of monetary policy using publicly available information on 176 Chinese monetary and financial services companies covering the period of 2000 to 2022. The analysis shows that asset-side risks are transmitted through monetary policy as liability-side risks in the monetary and financial service sectors. If the liability side passively takes on these risks, the action direction of monetary policy to asset-side risks is determined; when the liability side actively takes on these risks, monetary policy exerts opposite effects on both types of risks. This conclusion somewhat deepens our understanding of the risk transmission mechanism of monetary policy, which is helpful in better formulating and implementing monetary policy.

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24

Aribowo, Wira Ganet. "Dampak Domino pasca krisis Eurozone di ASEAN 5 (Thailand, Filipina, Malaysia, Singapura dan Indonesia) Tahun 2008." JURNAL EKOMAKS Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33319/jeko.v12i1.135.

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Abstract— In early 2023 there was an American financial crisis, it’s Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank experienced liquidity difficulties, although the context was different and the financial authorities were handling it, but it reminded me of the time when Greece experienced a financial crisis in 2008, many countries were affected by the domino effect to a certain degree. The Greek crisis had an impact on the economic and political stability of the European Union at that time. Contagion's impact was felt in the ASEAN 5 countries (Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia) from the Greek financial crisis which also affected the economic and political structure. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate the impact of the crisis on the Indonesian economy to anticipate the possibility of a secondary crisis. Using a descriptive analysis of a quantitative approach, to capture the Domino Effect contagion relationship between GDP, country Debt Ratio, Broad Money and inflation, which occurred during the Greek crisis in 2008 in ASEAN 5 countries (Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia) with a time span of 2008 - 2017 The estimation results show that the impact of the Greek crisis will not have a significant impact. This indicates that investors may have realized that the ASEAN 5 economies (Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia) were quite isolated from the Greek crisis and therefore did not change the perception of sovereign risk.

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25

Krychevska, Tetiana. "Development of micro- and macroeconomic analysis of financial intermediation Article 2. Macroeconomic analysis of the role of financial intermediaries in the works of B. Bernanke and the application of financial intermediation theory in combating financial crises." Ekonomìčna teorìâ 2022, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/etet2023.02.071.

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The second of two articles which reveal the theoretical and practical significance of the researches awarded 2022 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences. The author shows the theoretical and practical influence of B. Bernanke's research on the non-monetary effects of the banking crisis on the course of the Great Depression, which marked the beginning of recognition and measurement of the macroeconomic effects of financial intermediaries as institutions performing important functions under information asymmetry. The peculiarities of the global financial crisis and the latest crisis processes in the banking sector, which are taking place in the conditions of a change in the global monetary environment, are considered in light of the laureates' works. This change – a rapid tightening of monetary policy in developed economies was a reaction not only to global price shocks associated with the full-scale Russia's invasion of Ukraine, but also to the previous delay in anti-inflationary efforts in the conditions of a combination of supply shocks with monetary demand stimulation and monetary authorities' faith in well-anchored inflationary expectations. The article considers the extent to which the crisis processes at Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank, First Republic Bank and Credit Suisse are described by the models developed by the 2022 Nobel laureates. Based on that analysis, the author adjusts the answer to the question about the role of banking panics in the market economy. Probable directions for reforming banking regulation in the USA are characterized. It is substantiated that the government faces a complex set of tasks: to minimize social losses from banking panics; to prevent large business losses that would have broad macroeconomic consequences; and to prevent irrational contagion with panic moods and panic as a self-fulfilling prophecy, without eliminating the very possibility of depositors fleeing from a bank with poor management. It is shown that increasing and complicating the public presence in the financial sector has an extremely powerful and difficult to assess influence on the incentives of financial intermediaries, which embody the latter’s nature as special economic entities.

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26

Voisin, B., K. S. H. Ng, J. Salfi, M. Usman, J. C. Wong, A. Tankasala, B. C. Johnson, et al. "Valley population of donor states in highly strained silicon." Materials for Quantum Technology 2, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 025002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2633-4356/ac5d1d.

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Abstract Strain is extensively used to controllably tailor the electronic properties of materials. In the context of indirect band-gap semiconductors such as silicon, strain lifts the valley degeneracy of the six conduction band minima, and by extension the valley states of electrons bound to phosphorus donors. Here, single phosphorus atoms are embedded in an engineered thin layer of silicon strained to 0.8% and their wave function imaged using spatially resolved spectroscopy. A prevalence of the out-of-plane valleys is confirmed from the real-space images, and a combination of theoretical modelling tools is used to assess how this valley repopulation effect can yield isotropic exchange and tunnel interactions in the xy-plane relevant for atomically precise donor qubit devices. Finally, the residual presence of in-plane valleys is evidenced by a Fourier analysis of both experimental and theoretical images, and atomistic calculations highlight the importance of higher orbital excited states to obtain a precise relationship between valley population and strain. Controlling the valley degree of freedom in engineered strained epilayers provides a new competitive asset for the development of donor-based quantum technologies in silicon.

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Tian, Hongyu, Chongdan Ren, and Sake Wang. "Valleytronics in two-dimensional materials with line defect." Nanotechnology 33, no. 21 (March 4, 2022): 212001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac50f2.

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Abstract The concept of valley originates from two degenerate but nonequivalent energy bands at the local minimum in the conduction band or local maximum in the valence band. Manipulating the valley states for information storage and processing develops a brand-new electronics—valleytronics. Broken inversion symmetry is a necessary condition to produce pure valley currents. The polycrystalline two-dimensional materials (graphene, silicene, monolayer group-VI transition metal dichalcogenides, etc) with pristine grains stitched together by disordered grain boundaries (GBs) are the natural inversion-symmetry-broken systems and the candidates in the field of valleytronics. Different from their pristine forms, the Dirac valleys on both sides of GBs are mismatched in the momentum space and induce peculiar valley transport properties across the GBs. In this review, we systematically demonstrate the fundamental properties of valley degree of freedom across mostly studied and experimentally feasible polycrystalline structure—the line defect, and the manipulation strategies with electrical, magnetic and mechanical methods to realize the valley polarization. We also introduce an effective numerical method, the non-equilibrium Green’s function technique, to tackle the valley transport issues in the line defect systems. The present challenges and the perspective on the further investigations of the line defect in valleytronics are also summarized.

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Belhadji, Youcef, Benyounes Bouazza, Fateh Moulahcene, and Nordine Massoum. "Ensemble Monte Carlo analysis of subpicosecond transient electron transport in cubic and hexagonal silicon carbide for high power SiC-MESFET devices." International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, no. 16 (June 23, 2015): 1550107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215501076.

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In a comparative framework, an ensemble Monte Carlo was used to elaborate the electron transport characteristics in two different silicon carbide (SiC) polytypes 3C-SiC and 4H-SiC. The simulation was performed using three-valley band structure model. These valleys are spherical and nonparabolic. The aim of this work is to forward the trajectory of 20,000 electrons under high-flied (from 50 kV to 600 kV) and high-temperature (from 200 K to 700 K). We note that this model has already been used in other studies of many Zincblende or Wurtzite semiconductors. The obtained results, compared with results found in many previous studies, show a notable drift velocity overshoot. This last appears in subpicoseconds transient regime and this overshoot is directly attached to the applied electric field and lattice temperature.

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Van Ngoc, Hoang. "Pb Doping in Silicene Nanoribbons in the Presence of an External Electric Field." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2049, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012045.

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Abstract Silicene nanoribbons (SNRs) are one-dimensional materials that have been extensively studied in recent years. The SNRs studied here have hydrogen-modified edges, having 12 silicon atoms and 4 hydrogen atoms per unit cell. In the work of doping Pb in SNRs, three configurations have been studied as top configuration, valley configuration, and one-to-one configuration. Research has shown that Pb doping is responsible for the change in band gap and state density of the system. The appearance of the electric field is also the cause leading to the change in the energy band structure of the doped system. The work uses density functional theory (DFT) to study, the formation energy of the system is calculated based on this theory. The doped structures are stable after optimization.

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TAKASHINA, K., A. FUJIWARA, Y. TAKAHASHI, and Y. HIRAYAMA. "RESISTANCE SPIKES INDUCED BY GATE-CONTROLLED VALLEY-SPLITTING IN SILICON." International Journal of Modern Physics B 18, no. 27n29 (November 30, 2004): 3603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979204027104.

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Landau-level coincidences are examined in a (100) silicon 2DEG by tuning the valley-splitting with front- and back-gates. A coincidence under quantum Hall conditions between levels of opposite spin, opposite valley, but like orbital indices at ν=6 is found to show suppressed resistance, while in marked contrast, coincidences at ν=4i (where i is an integer) between adjacent orbital Landau levels exhibit resistance spikes.

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31

Genner, Sarah. "From Attention-Grabbing to Calm Technology." Morals & Machines 1, no. 2 (2021): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2747-5174-2021-2-70.

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What does the gambling industry have in common with the digital economy? Silicon Valley has learned from Las Vegas to drive “user engagement” on platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter, and in gaming. These platforms rely on the same neuropsychological mechanisms that produce behavioral manipulation and potential addiction. Calm technology is a concept dating back to the 1990s that represents a type of countermovement. Digital detox programs have attracted considerable attention. The Center for Humane Technology was founded by (ironically) former Silicon Valley leaders for the purposes of making technology less attention-grabbing. However, attention will remain a particularly scarce commodity in digital societies.

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Lu, Tiao, Gang Du, Xiaoyan Liu, and Pingwen Zhang. "A Finite Volume Method for the Multi Subband Boltzmann Equation with Realistic 2D Scattering in Double Gate MOSFETs." Communications in Computational Physics 10, no. 2 (August 2011): 305–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.071109.261110a.

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AbstractWe propose a deterministic solver for the time-dependent multi-subband Boltzmann transport equation (MSBTE) for the two dimensional (2D) electron gas in double gate metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with flared out source/drain contacts. A realistic model with six-valleys of the conduction band of silicon and both intra-valley and inter-valley phonon-electron scattering is solved. We propose a second order finite volume method based on the positive and flux conservative (PFC) method to discretize the Boltzmann transport equations (BTEs). The transport part of the BTEs is split into two problems. One is a 1D transport problem in the position space, and the other is a 2D transport problem in the wavevector space. In order to reduce the splitting error, the 2D transport problem in the wavevector space is solved directly by using the PFC method instead of splitting into two 1D problems. The solver is applied to a nanoscale double gate MOSFET and the current-voltage characteristic is investigated. Comparison of the numerical results with ballistic solutions show that the scattering influence is not ignorable even when the size of a nanoscale semiconductor device goes to the scale of the electron mean free path.

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33

Čukarić, Nemanja A., Bart Partoens, Milan Ž. Tadić, Vladimir V. Arsoski, and F. M. Peeters. "The 30-bandk⋅ptheory of valley splitting in silicon thin layers." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 28, no. 19 (April 19, 2016): 195303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/28/19/195303.

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FERREIRA da SILVA, A. "ENHANCED EFFECTIVE MASS IN N-DOPED DEGENERATE SILICON." Modern Physics Letters B 04, no. 01 (January 10, 1990): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984990000064.

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The effective mass of phosphorus-doped silicon has been calculated in the light of the Gutzwiller method for highly correlated system. The many-valley nature of the host conduction band minima with a variational impurity concentration dependence is taken into account in the calculation. The results show fair agreement when compared to previous work and available experimental data. Calculation of the density of states at the Fermi energy is also presented for the sake of comparison.

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35

Kühne, P., T. Hofmann, C. M. Herzinger, and M. Schubert. "Terahertz optical-Hall effect for multiple valley band materials: n-type silicon." Thin Solid Films 519, no. 9 (February 2011): 2613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2010.11.087.

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36

Chaturvedi, Santosh K. "The International Fellowship Scheme: from Silicon Valley to the Potteries and back." Psychiatric Bulletin 30, no. 6 (June 2006): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.30.6.226.

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I was one of the initial applicants to the NHS International Fellowship Scheme and joined the North Staffs Combined Healthcare NHS Trust in November 2003 as a consultant at the Greenfield Centre, Stoke on Trent. It had always been my dream to work in the UK as a consultant. I always wondered how similar it was to the consultant/ faculty position I held at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. Here I describe my experiences.

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Hero, Peter deCourcy. "Giving back the Silicon Valley way: Emerging patterns of a new philanthropy." New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising 2001, no. 32 (2001): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pf.3203.

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38

Xi, Xiang, Jingwen Ma, Shuai Wan, Chun-Hua Dong, and Xiankai Sun. "Observation of chiral edge states in gapped nanomechanical graphene." Science Advances 7, no. 2 (January 2021): eabe1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe1398.

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Emerging in diverse areas of physics, edge states have been exploited as an efficient strategy of manipulating electrons, photons, and phonons for next-generation hybrid electro-optomechanical circuits. Among various edge states, gapless chiral edge states harnessing quantum spin/valley Hall effects in graphene or graphene-like materials are especially unique. Here, we report on an experimental demonstration of chiral edge states in gapped “nanomechanical graphene”—a honeycomb lattice of free-standing silicon nitride nanomechanical membranes with broken spatial inversion symmetry. These chiral edge states can emerge from the conventional flat-band edge states by tuning the on-site boundary potentials. We experimentally demonstrated that they are backscattering-immune against sharp bends and exhibit the “valley-momentum locking” effect. We further realized smooth transition between the chiral edge states and the well-known valley kink states. Our results open the door to experimental investigation of exotic graphene-related physics in the very-high-frequency integrated nanomechanical systems.

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Xie, Zihao, Jiabao Sun, and Jin Xie. "Modal-Transition-Induced Valleys of K2 in Piezoelectric Bilayer Laterally Vibrating Resonators." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (May 10, 2023): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14051022.

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Piezoelectric Laterally Vibrating Resonators (LVRs) have attracted significant attention as a potential technology for next-generation wafer-level multi-band filters. Piezoelectric bilayer structures such as Thin-film Piezoelectric-on-Silicon (TPoS) LVRs which aim to increase the quality factor (Q) or aluminum nitride and silicon dioxide (AlN/SiO2) composite membrane for thermal compensation have been proposed. However, limited studies have investigated the detailed behaviors of the electromechanical coupling factor (K2) of these piezoelectric bilayer LVRs. Herein, AlN/Si bilayer LVRs are selected as an example, we observed notable degenerative valleys in K2 at specific normalized thicknesses using two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA), which has not been reported in the previous studies of bilayer LVRs. Moreover, the bilayer LVRs should be designed away from the valleys to minimize the reduction in K2. Modal-transition-induced mismatch between electric and strain fields of AlN/Si bilayer LVRs are investigated to interpret the valleys from energy considerations. Furthermore, the impact of various factors, including electrode configurations, AlN/Si thickness ratios, the Number of Interdigitated Electrode (IDT) Fingers (NFs), and IDT Duty Factors (DFs), on the observed valleys and K2 are analyzed. These results can provide guidance for the designs of piezoelectric LVRs with bilayer structure, especially for LVRs with a moderate K2 and low thickness ratio.

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Aldama, Frederick Luis. "Looking Back to the Future of Education." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 133, no. 3 (May 2018): 667–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2018.133.3.667.

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Everywhere I turn, there seems to be a new bandwagon waiting with bold claims on how it will save the humanities. I'm curious. I'm excited. I'm also weary.The MOOC (massive open online course) explosion happened, and I participated with glee. It let no revolution in its wake. I love the deeply interdisciplinary and interactive shape of life for students at Design Tech High School in Silicon Valley but fear there's a dark side to Oracle's bankrolling it with upward of $43 million. And, in the bloating of middle management and infusion of cash into e.learning units on campuses across the country, we might be seeing “management theorists” lurking in sheep's clothes out to create a workforceready. only population. I worry for the twenty-two million students served in college—and especially all the rest not being served.

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Moore, Moreton, Stephen Downes, and David Bayliss. "Determining the crystallographic orientation of Avogadro silicon spheres." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 6 (November 11, 2004): 1004–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889804021041.

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Highly polished spheres, manufactured from silicon single-crystal material, are used in the X-ray crystal density method (XCDM) to determine the Avogadro constant. If the measurement uncertainty associated with this method can be reduced to 0.01 p.p.m., it would be possible to redefine the SI unit of mass, the kilogram, in terms of a fixed number of atoms of a definite species. The spheres are manufactured with a nominal mass of 1 kg and nominal diameter of 90 mm and a surface roughness of 0.5 nm (peak to valley). A goniometer has been constructed to enable the crystallographic orientation of these spheres to be determined using the back-reflection Laue technique. Two spheres have been successfully orientated in this manner by identifying two orthogonal 〈100〉 directions.

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Abadillo-Uriel, José Carlos, Belita Koiller, and María José Calderón. "Two-dimensional semiconductors pave the way towards dopant-based quantum computing." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (October 12, 2018): 2668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.249.

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Since the proposal in 1998 to build a quantum computer using dopants in silicon as qubits, much progress has been made in the nanofabrication of semiconductors and the control of charge and spins in single dopants. However, an important problem remains unsolved, namely the control over exchange interactions and tunneling between two donors, which presents a peculiar oscillatory behavior as the dopants relative positions vary at the scale of the lattice parameter. Such behavior is due to the valley degeneracy in the conduction band of silicon, and does not occur when the conduction-band edge is at k = 0. We investigate the possibility of circumventing this problem by using two-dimensional (2D) materials as hosts. Dopants in 2D systems are more tightly bound and potentially easier to position and manipulate. Moreover, many of them present the conduction band minimum at k = 0, thus no exchange or tunnel coupling oscillations. Considering the properties of currently available 2D semiconductor materials, we access the feasibility of such a proposal in terms of quantum manipulability of isolated dopants (for single qubit operations) and dopant pairs (for two-qubit operations). Our results indicate that a wide variety of 2D materials may perform at least as well as, and possibly better, than the currently studied bulk host materials for donor qubits.

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Chantngarm, Peerasak, and Kou Yamada. "Analysis of Circularly Polarized Light Irradiation Effects on Double Ferromagnetic-Gate Silicene Junction." ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 12, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2018121.95891.

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We present an analytical study of effects that off-resonant circularly polarized light irradiation has on spin-valley currents in dual ferromagnetic-gate silicene-based junctions. Two identical electric fields are applied to both ferromagnetic (FM) gates. Two types of exchange field configurations, parallel (P) and anti-parallel (AP), are applied along with chemical potential to the FM gates in this investigation. The results show that application of circularly polarized light has an impact on polarized spin and valley current characteristics, particularly at the off-resonant frequency region. It also enhances the amplitude of tunnelling magnetoresistance (TMR) significantly. In addition, we found that exchange field configuration has an effect on both spin polarization and valley polarization. Our study reveals that light intensity plays the main role on the light irradiation effects, where the band structure and change electronic properties of the materials are modified by photon dressing to create a new phase of electronic structure. The change of band structure in each region affects the transmission coefficients and transmission probability amplitude of electrons, which in turn affects the conductance of each spin-valley current component. Our study suggests the potential of this scheme in applications, such as spin-valleytronic photo-sensing devices under polarized-photo irradiation.

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Mirzaei, M., T. Vazifehshenas, T. Salavati-fard, and B. Tanatar. "Silicene dynamic optical response in the presence of external electric and exchange fields." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 11 (January 4, 2022): 115301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac44d4.

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Abstract We investigate the dynamic optical transition of monolayer silicene in the presence of external electric and exchange fields within the low-energy tight-binding model. Applying external electric and exchange fields breaks the silicene band structure spin and valley degeneracies. Three phases of silicene corresponding to different strengths of perpendicular electric field with respect to the spin–orbit coupling (Δ z < Δso, Δ z = Δso and Δ z > Δso) are considered. We obtain the spin-valley-dependent optical responses to the incoming circularly polarized light using the Kubo formula. We show and discuss how the magnitude and direction of the transverse and longitudinal optical responses of such a system change with the electric and exchange fields. Our calculations suggest that the intraband part of the longitudinal optical response as well as the initial point of the interband part have strong dependencies on the exchange field. Furthermore, we show that one of the spin subbands plays a dominant role in the response to polarized light. Depending on the type of incident light polarization, the dominant subband may change. Our results shed light on the relation between silicene dynamic optical responses and externally applied fields.

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45

Davidson, Elsa. "Managing risk and ‘giving back’: Aspiration among working-class Latino youth in Silicon Valley." Ethnography 12, no. 1 (March 2011): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138110387220.

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This article focuses on the formation of aspirations among low-income, ‘at-risk’ Latino youth attending a state and privately funded Biotechnology Academy within a public high school in San Jose, California. I identify a pattern of aspiration among Academy youth that contradicts the goal of individual advancement in the regional information economy stressed in the Academy: the desire to give back to a ‘community’ or to the nation via public service, especially that focused on the monitoring of ‘at-risk’ communities or military service. I link this pattern of aspiration to a school environment that promoted students’ internalization of an ‘at-risk’ status and encouraged their assumption of personal responsibility for that status. I also seek to demonstrate the ways in which an urban politics of surveillance and experiences of social and economic marginalization outside of school articulated with daily school experiences of surveillance and discipline to produce unanticipated ways of assuming responsibility for an ‘at-risk’ status.

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Farok, Gazi. "Analysis of financial services and recent turbulence in the USA banking system." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks, September 30, 2023, 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.61093/fmir.7(3).113-121.2023.

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Very recently, the three USA banks that failed this year 2023, Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), First Republic Bank (FRB) and Signature Bank, accounted for 2.4% of all assets in the banking sector. Still, most economists expect a recession in the second half of this year. They estimate the USA Fed’s high interest rates eventually will be felt more profoundly by consumers and businesses. A significant number of steps have been taken by the federal government to boost confidence in the U.S. financial system appears to have contained a potential banking crisis after the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank. However, turbulence remains over possible spillover effects. It forecasts global finance from increased scrutiny by U.S. regulators and raises questions about the fitness of banks, financial markets around the world (Graeme. Sipa, March 15, 2023). Risk factors imposed on regulators, politicians and the media for confusing the public, supply chain disruptions about the safety of the USA banks and carried out that conditions might have worsened (Hugh. Son, May 06, 2023). The purpose of this paper is to get a better understanding of the turmoil that has affected the U.S. banking system for this year. While the main objective is to analyze the crisis as a whole, which affected several banks as stated previously, an emphasis will be placed on the Silicon Valley Bank (SVB).

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Kim, Raymond. "Interest Rate Hedging and Silicon Valley Bank Idiosyncrasies." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4413099.

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Choi, Dong Beom, Paul S. Goldsmith-Pinkham, and Tanju Yorulmazer. "Contagion Effects of the Silicon Valley Bank Run." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4539483.

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Choi, Dong Beom, Paul S. Goldsmith-Pinkham, and Tanju Yorulmazer. "Contagion Effects of the Silicon Valley Bank Run." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4596072.

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Choi, Dong Beom, Paul S. Goldsmith-Pinkham, and Tanju Yorulmazer. "Contagion Effects of the Silicon Valley Bank Run." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4539483.

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